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Rubi, Dianandha Septiana, Abrory Agus Cahya Pramana, and Sunarti Sunarti. "THE PROTECTIVE EFFECTS OF RED BEETROOT (Beta vulgaris L.) AGAINST OXIDATIVE STRESS IN RATS INDUCED BY HIGH FAT AND FRUCTOSE DIET." Acta Biochimica Indonesiana 3, no. 2 (February 1, 2021): 62–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.32889/actabioina.v3i2.53.
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Background: One of consequence high-fat and fructose diet is oxidative stress. Consumption of antioxidants from red beetroot may increase antioxidant defense.Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate red beetroot administration on improving antioxidant defense in rats induced high fat and fructose diet.Methods: A total 20 male Wistar rats were divided into 4 groups: 1) normal control group (N), received standard diet; 2) High fat and fructose diet (HF), received high fat and fructose diet (HFFD); 8 weeks induction with HFFD and received 9g red beetroot (BA); and combination of HFFD and 9g of red beetroot from beginning of the study (HFBA). At the end of the study the levels of circulatory oxidized LDL (ox-LDL) were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) method. Superoxide dismutase 2 (SOD2) and catalase (CAT) gene expressions were determined by quantitative polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) method.Results: Induction HFFD increased the levels of circulatory ox-LDL levels compared to normal control (10.00±0.29 vs 12.69±0.57). Administration of red beetroot for 6 weeks and combination HFFD with red beetroot during the study significantly decreased ox-LDL levels compared to high fat and fructose group (12.69±0.57 vs 9.66±0.46) and (12.69±0.57 vs 8.59±0.18), respectively. The decreased circulatory ox-LDL levels were found negatively correlated with upregulation SOD2 (r=-0.548; P=0.012) and CAT (r=-0.460; P=0.041) gene expression in the liver tissues.Conclusion: Administration of red beetroot may ameliorate oxidative stress in rats induced high-fat and fructose diet through increasing antioxidant defense.
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Abiodun, O. A., A. Ojo, O. S. Abdulganiu, and O. O. Olosunde. "Effect of beetroots substitution and storage on the chemical and sensory properties of wheat noodles." Agrosearch 20, no. 1 (August 18, 2020): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4314/agrosh.v20i1.1s.
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Beetroot consists of betalain, a natural red pigment which has desirable biological activities such as antioxidant, mineral and anti-inflammatory properties. Substitution of wheat flour with beetroot flour could improve the aesthetic and nutritional properties of the product. This study was conducted to determine the effects of beetroots substitution and storage on the chemical and sensory properties of wheat noodles. The noodles were prepared with beetroot powder of 5%, 10%, 15% and 100% wheat flour which serve as the control. Progressive decrease in lightness value was observed from 51.98 to 46.76 with increase in level of beetroot powder. The colour* value of control noodle was 1.13 and those of beetroot powder increased from 5.12 to 9.47, showing more reddish colour than the control. There were increase in redness (a*) value and decrease in lightness (L⃰) value with the increase of colouring pigments. At the third months of storage, the noodles became lighter losing the red colouration. No significant differences (p<0.05) in the protein contents of the noodles. The betalain contents of the noodles increased with beetroot substitution and decreased with storage. Cooking loss and swelling power of the noodles increased with increase in beetroot powder substitution. The antioxidant potential of the noodles increased with increase in beetroot powder with 15% having the highest value (39.22%) while the value decreased with storage. The sensory result showed that the appearance of the control noodles was more preferred and accepted than others.
Keywords: Noodles, Betalain, Storage, Colour, Antioxidant
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Sigwela, Vuyisa, Maryna De Wit, Alba du Toit, Gernot Osthoff, and Arno Hugo. "Bioactive Betalain Extracts from Cactus Pear Fruit Pulp, Beetroot Tubers, and Amaranth Leaves." Molecules 26, no. 16 (August 18, 2021): 5012. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules26165012.
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Natural food items and the additional benefits they provide have received considerable attention in recent years. Betalains are nutritious pigments which have valuable biological properties, e.g., antioxidant and free radical scavenging activity. In this study, aqueous betalain extracts were obtained from different coloured cactus pears (purple, red/pink, and orange), amaranth, and beetroot, with and without the addition of ascorbic acid, microwave-heated, and freeze-dried and subsequently analysed by thin layer chromatography (TLC). Beetroot samples without the addition of ascorbic acid (AA) had lower phenols, flavonoids, and ascorbic acid content than beetroot samples extracted with the addition of AA. Amaranth had significantly higher contents of antioxidants than all the other plants. Results for phenolic compounds showed that there were no significant differences between cactus pear cultivars, however, significant differences were seen between the two beetroot samples (microwave-heated with and without AA) as well as amaranth. For flavonoid compounds, amaranth had significantly higher values than all other samples. The lowest flavonoid content was found in beetroot without AA (0.49 mgCE/g). For ascorbic acid, significant differences were noticed between amaranth (71.71 mg/100 g) and samples from cactus pear and beetroot. TLC results showed that purple and red cactus pear samples had the most vivid colours, a reflection of the high betacyanin and betaxanthin contents in the cultivars. Moreover, extracts from cactus pear, beetroot, and amaranth were classified according to a decision tree which was designed by the Code of Federal Regulations/Food Additives Regulation of the EU. The classification of betalain pigment extracts as colouring foods was achieved through enrichment factor calculations and the colourant decision tree. The results showed that the betalain pigment extraction method used is inexpensive, time-saving, energy-saving, non-toxic, and chemical solvent free and yields high concentrations of betalains.
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Min, Jin-Young, Ho-Young Park, Yoonsook Kim, Jung Sun Hong, and Hee-Don Choi. "Antioxidant Activity and Stability of Natural Pigment Extracted from Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.)." Journal of the Korean Society of Food Science and Nutrition 47, no. 7 (July 31, 2018): 725–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3746/jkfn.2018.47.7.725.
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García-Segovia, Purificación, Marta Igual, and Javier Martínez-Monzó. "Beetroot Microencapsulation with Pea Protein Using Spray Drying: Physicochemical, Structural and Functional Properties." Applied Sciences 11, no. 14 (July 20, 2021): 6658. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11146658.
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Beetroot is a root vegetable with carotenoids, phenols, vitamins, minerals, and water-soluble betalain pigments such as betacyanins (red-violet color) and betaxanthins (yellow-orange color), which have many nutritional and health benefits. Its use in the food industry is mainly as a powdered natural dye. This study aims to investigate the effect of adding pea protein to beetroot juice as an encapsulating agent, and the spray-dried temperature on the physicochemical, structural, and functional properties of the powder. The spray drying was conducted at 125 and 150 °C with 3.5% and 7% pea protein used in the mixtures with the beetroot juice. The water content, bulk density, porosity, hygroscopicity, water solubility, water absorption index, color, and microstructure of the obtained powder were determined. In addition, betacyanin, total phenols, antioxidant capacity, and powder encapsulate efficiency were analyzed. Using pea protein in the spray drying of beetroot juice had shown high yields of spray drying and good characteristics of the powdered product. Beetroot powder with 7% of pea protein was more porous and luminous, and less hygroscopic than beetroot powder with 3.5% of pea protein. However, the use of 7% of pea protein increased the amount of water immobilized by the samples and reduced the soluble solids present in the product compared to beetroot powder with 3.5% of pea protein. The use of 7% of pea protein protected beetroot bioactive compound higher than the use of 3.5%. Higher spray-drying temperature (150 °C) significantly decreased phenols content and antioxidant capacity of the beetroot powders (p < 0.05). Results showed using 7% pea protein mixed with beetroot juice and a 125 °C spray-drying temperature gave the most content of the studied bioactive compounds and antioxidant capacity. Moreover, the proposal gives more stable powders from a functionality viewpoint because it showed the higher encapsulate efficiency.
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Wulandari, Devyana Dyah, Andreas Putro Ragil Santoso, and Devyani Diah Wulansari. "THE EFFECT OF BEETROOT (Beta vulgaris L.) JUICE ON CHOLINESTERASE ACTIVITY IN FARMERS EXPOSED TO ORGANOPHOSPHATE PESTICIDES." Indonesian Journal of Medical Laboratory Science and Technology 1, no. 2 (October 18, 2019): 80–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.33086/ijmlst.v1i2.1215.
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A decrease in cholinesterase (chE) enzyme activity is an indicator of pesticide poisoning, especially organophosphate pesticides. The chE activity reduction will result in an increase in the amount of acetylcholine and will bound to muscarinic and nicotinic receptors in the central and peripheral nervous system which can lead to the onset of Alzheimer's disease. However, antioxidant products can slow the progression of Alzheimer's disease by protecting neurons from oxidative stress. Red Beetroot (Beta vulgaris L.) contains betalains and phenolic compounds which act as an antioxidants that are capable of preventing such illness. This study aims to prove the concept that antioxidant compounds in red beetroot juice can increase the chE activity in subjects exposed to organophosphate pesticides. This research is an observational study with an experimental approach. This research used 25 farmers who were exposed to organophosphate pesticides as respondents. They were given 500 ml of beetroot juice twice a day for 2 consecutive months. Cholinesterase levels were measured before and after consuming red beet juice. Measurement of cholinesterase levels was carried out using a kinetic photometric test. This method was developed based on recommendations from the German Society of Clinical Chemistry (DGKC). The results showed that the average of chE (U/L) Level Before Treatment was 8.102 and 8.380 after treatment with a p value 0,62. It can be concluded that there was an increase in the level of cholinesterase but it was not statistically significant. This may be caused by a different response to activity of cholinesterase after consuming beetroot juice in each subjects, age difference, smoking habits, and personal protective equipment.
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Gawlik-Dziki, Urszula, Laura Dziki, Jakub Anisiewicz, Ewa Habza-Kowalska, Małgorzata Sikora, and Dariusz Dziki. "Leaves of White Beetroot As a New Source of Antioxidant and Anti-Inflammatory Compounds." Plants 9, no. 8 (July 26, 2020): 944. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/plants9080944.
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The white beetroot cv. Śnieżna Kula is the first betanin-free beetroot registered in the European Union. The aim of this study was to compare the phenolic acids profile and antioxidant capacity of leaves of white (SK) and red (CC) beetroots and red (LC) and white (BL) Swiss chard growing in Poland. LC leaves were the richest source of total phenolics (16.55 mg GAE/g FW) and phenolic acids (1.81 mg/g FW), while the highest content of flavonoids was determined in CC leaves (1.6 mg QE/g FW). The highest antiradical activity was observed for LC, whereas CC extract exhibited the highest chelating power. BL and CC leaf extracts demonstrated high LOX inhibitory potential (EC50 = 53.23 and 56.97 mg FW/mL, respectively). An uncompetitive type of LOX inhibition was obtained for all extracts. SK extracts demonstrated the highest XO inhibitory activity (EC50 = 81.04 mg FW/mL). A noncompetitive type of XO inhibition was obtained in both extracts from red leaves (CC and LC), whereas an uncompetitive mode of inhibition was observed in the case of white leaf (SK and LC) extracts. Thus, it can be assumed that the presence of betanin influences the XO inhibition mechanism.
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Hidalgo, Alyssa, Andrea Brandolini, Jasna Čanadanović-Brunet, Gordana Ćetković, and Vesna Tumbas Šaponjac. "Microencapsulates and extracts from red beetroot pomace modify antioxidant capacity, heat damage and colour of pseudocereals-enriched einkorn water biscuits." Food Chemistry 268 (December 2018): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodchem.2018.06.062.
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Georgiev, Vasil Georgiev, Jost Weber, Eva-Maria Kneschke, Petko Nedyalkov Denev, Thomas Bley, and Atanas Ivanov Pavlov. "Antioxidant Activity and Phenolic Content of Betalain Extracts from Intact Plants and Hairy Root Cultures of the Red Beetroot Beta vulgaris cv. Detroit Dark Red." Plant Foods for Human Nutrition 65, no. 2 (February 27, 2010): 105–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11130-010-0156-6.
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Şöhretoğrlu, Didem, Suna Atasayar Sabuncuoğrlu, M. Koray Sakar, Hilal Özgüneş, and Olov Sterner. "Antioxidant Effects of Secondary Metabolites from Geranium psilostemon." Natural Product Communications 5, no. 6 (June 2010): 1934578X1000500. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1934578x1000500616.
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An investigation was made of the effects on endogenous antioxidant enzyme activities and H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation inhibition in human red blood cells of the crude MeOH extract and its EtOAc, n-BuOH, and H2O sub-extracts obtained from aerial parts of Geranium psilostemon Ledeb., as well as compounds isolated from the most active EtOAc extract. Gallic acid (1), methyl gallate (2), pusilagin (3), 1,3,6-tri- O-galloyl-β-glucopyranoside (4), 1,2,3,4,6-penta- O-galloyl-β-glucopyranoside (5), kaempferol (6), quercetin (7), kaempferol 7- O-α-rhamnopyranoside (8), and quercetin 7- O-α-rhamnopyranoside (9) were isolated from the aerial parts of the title plant, and their structures identified from spectroscopic (UV, 1D- and 2D- NMR) and spectrometric (TOF-MS) data. All extracts and isolated compounds inhibited H2O2-induced lipid peroxidation and also enhanced the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT).
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Tekos, Fotios, Sotiria Makri, Zoi-Vasiliki Skaperda, Anastasia Patouna, Kallirroi Terizi, Ioannis D. Kyriazis, Yorgos Kotseridis, et al. "Assessment of Antioxidant and Antimutagenic Properties of Red and White Wine Extracts In Vitro." Metabolites 11, no. 7 (July 2, 2021): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/metabo11070436.
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Wine is an alcoholic beverage of complex composition obtained through the fermentation of grape must. The consumption of wine has already been associated with a multitude of beneficial effects due to its high polyphenolic content. In this study, four Greek emblematic wines from two red (i.e., Xinomavro and Agiorgitiko) and two white (i.e., Assyrtiko and Malagouzia) varieties were analyzed for the estimation of their antioxidant profiles. To address this question, we assessed their ability to scavenge both synthetic and endogenous free radicals, such as DPPH•, ABTS+•, OH•, O2−, their potential reducing power, and their antimutagenic and antigenotoxic properties. All varieties exhibited potent antioxidant activity, as indicated by the results of methods above, with the red wines appearing more effective than the white ones regarding antioxidant capacity. Our small-scale study is the first to reveal that these wine varieties may have the ability to scavenge the most reactive endogenous radicals. In the future, this finding must be accompanied by larger studies to fill a knowledge gap in the scientific literature concerning a holistic approach of the in vitro antioxidant action of plant polyphenolic compounds. Conclusively, we believe that wines possess high bioactivity that allow them to settle in the industry of food additives and medicinal products.
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da Silva, Davi Vieira Teixeira, Aline D’Avila Pereira, Gilson Teles Boaventura, Roberto Stefan de Almeida Ribeiro, Maurício Afonso Verícimo, Carla Eponina de Carvalho-Pinto, Diego dos Santos Baião, Eduardo Mere Del Aguila, and Vania M. Flosi Paschoalin. "Short-Term Betanin Intake Reduces Oxidative Stress in Wistar Rats." Nutrients 11, no. 9 (August 22, 2019): 1978. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nu11091978.
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Oxidative stress is a common condition described in risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Betanin, a bioactive pigment from red beetroot demonstrates anti-inflammatory and antioxidant properties. The main aim of this study was to evaluate the short-term intake of betanin against oxidative stress in a rodent model, a common condition described in several risk factors for cardiovascular disease. Oxidative stress was induced in Wistar rats by a hyperlipidemic diet for 60 days, followed by betanin administration (20 mg·kg−1) through oral gavage for 20 days. Plasma biochemical parameters and antioxidant enzyme activities were evaluated. Lipid peroxidation and histopathological changes were determined in the liver. The hyperlipidemic diet caused hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, insulin resistance, and increases in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels. Oxidative stress status was confirmed by reduction of antioxidant enzyme activities, increased lipid peroxidation, and liver damage. Purified betanin regulated glucose levels, insulin, and insulin resistance. Hepatic damage was reversed as evidenced by the reduction in alanine transaminase and aspartate transaminase levels and confirmed by histological analyses. Betanin reduced hepatic malondialdehyde and increased superoxide dismutase, catalase, and glutathione peroxidase activities. Short-term betanin intake modulated biochemical parameters, reversed hepatic tissue damage, and attenuated oxidative stress in Wistar rats.
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Cappellin, Luca, Francesco Loreto, Franco Biasioli, Paolo Pastore, and Karena McKinney. "A mechanism for biogenic production and emission of MEK from MVK decoupled from isoprene biosynthesis." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 19, no. 5 (March 12, 2019): 3125–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-19-3125-2019.
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Abstract. Methyl ethyl ketone (MEK) is an important compound in atmospheric chemistry. While attention has been paid mostly to anthropogenic sources of MEK, recently it has been shown that biogenic sources are globally as important as anthropogenic ones. However, the origin of biogenic MEK has yet to be completely elucidated. We present the full mechanism by which within-plant transformation of methyl vinyl ketone (MVK) and, to a minor extent, of 2-butanol and 3-buten-2-ol, is a source of biogenic MEK. Such transformation is observed in red oak for both exogenous MVK, taken up from the atmosphere, and endogenous MVK generated within a plant when it experiences stress (e.g. heat stress). Endogenous MVK emitted by plants is typically explained by within-plant oxidation of isoprene caused by oxidative stress. In this study we show that MVK and MEK emissions caused by heat stress are not related to isoprene in isoprene-emitting plants, implying that the massive carbon investment that plants commit to isoprene production is not explained by a direct antioxidant role. The presented mechanism can be important for inclusion in plant emission and in plant–atmosphere interaction models.
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Mocanu, Gabriel-Dănuț, Ana Cosmina Chirilă, Aida Mihaela Vasile, Doina Georgeta Andronoiu, Oana-Viorela Nistor, Vasilica Barbu, and Nicoleta Stănciuc. "Tailoring the Functional Potential of Red Beet Purées by Inoculation with Lactic Acid Bacteria and Drying." Foods 9, no. 11 (November 6, 2020): 1611. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods9111611.
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This study was focused on a comparative analysis of two drying methods, such as convective and infrared drying, on the red beetroot purées with lactic acid bacteria, as a strategy for tailoring the health benefits of the selected plant. For both varieties, the total betalain contents varied from 13.95 ± 0.14 mg/g dry weight in Beta vulgaris var. cylindra when compared with 11.09 ± 0.03 mg/g dry weight in Beta vulgaris var. vulgaris, whereas significant differences were found in total phenolic and flavonoid contents. Significant drying induced changes were found in selected bioactives, in terms of total betalains, flavonoids, and polyphenols, which influenced the antioxidant activities of the purées, structure, and color parameters. In general, infrared technology was more protective, leading to an increase of 20% in flavonoids content. One logarithmic decrease in cell viability was observed in all powders samples. After the in vitro digestion, the betalains decreased, in both gastric and intestinal simulated juices, with a more pronounced profile in infrared processed purées. Textural and rheological analysis of the dried purées highlighted that the infrared drying is milder compared to the conventional one, allowing us to obtain powders with enhanced functional properties, in terms of bioactives content, cell viability, color, and structural and rheological behavior.
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Akarca, Gökhan, Oktay Tomar, Elif Başpınar, and Gamze Yıldırım. "Bazı Çiğ Olarak Tüketilen Mor Sebzelerin Etanol Ekstraktlarının Gıda Kaynaklı Küfler Üzerindeki Antifungal Etkileri." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 2 (February 28, 2020): 436. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i2.436-441.3138.
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Vegetables; in terms of vitamins, nutritional fiber, phenolic component and mineral matter has an important role in human nutrition. There are many species of purple-red vegetables, some of which are well-known, such as red beet (Beta vulgaris), black carrot (Daucus carota ssp. sativus var. atrorubens Alef), black radish (Raphanus sativus L. var. niger), purple cabbage (Brassica oleracea L. var. capitata f. rubra). Purple or red vegetables have higher antioxidant potential compared to other vegetables, which have many beneficial properties such as antimicrobial, antifungal, anti-inflammatory and liver protection. Each of vegetables which is black carrot, beetroot, black radish and purple cabbage contains p-coumaric acid, betaxanthin, ellagic acid and indole-3-carbinol respectively. In this study, Antifungal effect of ethanol extracts obtained from red beet, black carrot, black radish which are inner and peel part, purple cabbage against 7 different subspecies of Penicillium, 6 different subspecies of Aspergillus and Mucor racemosus, Botrytis cinerea, Geotrichum candidum, Cladosporium claudosporioides, Rhizopus nigricans species were determined by using disk diffusion method. As a consequence; it was determined that 7 different samples had antifungal effect on 18 different mold species at various rate. The highest antifungal effect was observed with 23.05±0.05 mm zone diameter against A. fumigatus in black radish inner part ethanol extract. This value was pursued by red beet inner part ethanol extract against M. racemosus with 21.44±0.12 mm zone diameter. It was concluded that the lowest antifungal effect on mold species except for P. citrinum, P. solitum and B. cinerea in purple cabbage extract.
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Tortora, Fabiana, Rosaria Notariale, Viviana Maresca, Katrina Vanessa Good, Sergio Sorbo, Adriana Basile, Marina Piscopo, and Caterina Manna. "Phenol-Rich Feijoa sellowiana (Pineapple Guava) Extracts Protect Human Red Blood Cells from Mercury-Induced Cellular Toxicity." Antioxidants 8, no. 7 (July 11, 2019): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox8070220.
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Plant polyphenols, with broadly known antioxidant properties, represent very effective agents against environmental oxidative stressors, including mercury. This heavy metal irreversibly binds thiol groups, sequestering endogenous antioxidants, such as glutathione. Increased incidence of food-derived mercury is cause for concern, given the many severe downstream effects, ranging from kidney to cardiovascular diseases. Therefore, the possible beneficial properties of Feijoa sellowiana against mercury toxicity were tested using intact human red blood cells (RBC) incubated in the presence of HgCl2. Here, we show that phenol-rich (10–200 µg/mL) extracts from the Feijoa sellowiana fruit potently protect against mercury-induced toxicity and oxidative stress. Peel and pulp extracts are both able to counteract the oxidative stress and thiol decrease induced in RBC by mercury treatment. Nonetheless, the peel extract had a greater protective effect compared to the pulp, although to a different extent for the different markers analyzed, which is at least partially due to the greater proportion and diversity of polyphenols in the peel. Furthermore, Fejioa sellowiana extracts also prevent mercury-induced morphological changes, which are known to enhance the pro-coagulant activity of these cells. These novel findings provide biochemical bases for the pharmacological use of Fejioa sellowiana-based functional foods in preventing and combating mercury-related illnesses.
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Lettieri-Barbato, Daniele, Francesco Tomei, Angela Sancini, Giuseppa Morabito, and Mauro Serafini. "Effect of plant foods and beverages on plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity in human subjects: a meta-analysis." British Journal of Nutrition 109, no. 9 (March 14, 2013): 1544–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0007114513000263.
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Non-enzymatic antioxidant capacity (NEAC) represents a sensitive biomarker measuring thein vivoantioxidant potential of vegetable foods. To evaluate the effectiveness of plant-derived foods and beverages on the plasma non-enzymatic antioxidant system, we analysed all literature published upto May 2010. Data were extracted by two authors independently, and the effect size was summarised using standardised mean differences by a random-effects model. For the analysis, eighty-eight studies were included, reporting a total number of 122 interventions and involving 2890 subjects. There was overall evidence of the effectiveness of fruit, vegetables, dietary patterns based on plant foods, red wine and tea in increasing plasma NEAC. No changes were found for chocolate and fruit juices. We observed an overall effect size three times higher in subjects with risk factors when compared with healthy subjects. Total radical-trapping antioxidant parameter, oxygen radical absorbance capacity and ferric-reducing antioxidant power methods showed a similar increase in plasma NEAC following dietary supplementation, whereas Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity did not respond to dietary supplementation. Data from the present meta-analysis show that plant-derived foods represent an effective strategy to enhance an endogenous antioxidant network in humans. This is particularly evident in the presence of oxidative stress-related risk factors.
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Aguiar, Joselin, João L. Gonçalves, Vera L. Alves, and José S. Câmara. "Chemical Fingerprint of Free Polyphenols and Antioxidant Activity in Dietary Fruits and Vegetables Using a Non-Targeted Approach Based on QuEChERS Ultrasound-Assisted Extraction Combined with UHPLC-PDA." Antioxidants 9, no. 4 (April 9, 2020): 305. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox9040305.
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Fruits and vegetables are considered a good source of antioxidants, which are beneficial in protecting the human body against damage induced by free radicals and other reactive oxygen (ROS) and nitrogen (RNS) species. In this work, we aimed to evaluate the integral antioxidant activity (AOA) and determine individual polyphenols in fruits and vegetables of frequent consumption. For this purpose, an innovative and high throughput analytical approach based on original QuEChERS assisted by ultrasound extraction (USAE), instead of the manual agitation used in the classical procedure, was optimized and implemented for the isolation of polyphenols. The total phenolic content (TPC), flavonoids, anthocyanins, and betalains were evaluated using different spectrophotometric assays. In addition, free radical scavenging by methods 2,2’-azinobis-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonate) (ABTS) and 2,2′-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) were used to estimate the AOA of the investigated fruit and vegetable extracts. Red onion, tamarillo, and beetroot were the samples with the highest AOA. The quantification and identification of free low molecular weight polyphenols from QuEChERS-USAE extracts was carried out by ultra-high-pressure liquid chromatography equipped with a photodiode array detection system (UHPLC-PDA). Catechin was the most abundant polyphenol, followed by gentisic and ferulic acids, mainly in the watercress sample. In relation to flavonols, quercetin and kaempferol were found mostly in onion samples, and in small quantities in tomato and watercress. The improved analytical approach, QuEChERS-USAE/UHPLC-PDA, offers an attractive alternative for the analysis of polyphenols from fruit and vegetable samples, providing several advantages over traditional extraction techniques, in terms of reproducibility, simplicity, low cost, analysis speed, and analytical performance.
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Ortiz-Viedma, Jaime, José M. Aguilera, Marcos Flores, Roberto Lemus-Mondaca, María José Larrazabal, José M. Miranda, and Santiago P. Aubourg. "Protective Effect of Red Algae (Rhodophyta) Extracts on Essential Dietary Components of Heat-Treated Salmon." Antioxidants 10, no. 7 (July 11, 2021): 1108. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox10071108.
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Salmon paste contains nutritious components such as essential fatty acids (EPA, DHA), vitamin E and astaxanthin, which can be protected with the addition of red algae extracts. Phenolic extracts were prepared with an ethanol: water mixture (1:1) from the red seaweeds Gracilaria chilensis, Gelidium chilense, Iridaea larga, Gigartina chamissoi, Gigartina skottsbergii and Gigartina radula, obtained from the Pacific Ocean. Most algae had a high content of protein (>7.2%), fiber (>55%) and β-glucans (>4.9%), all expressed on a dry weight basis. Total polyphenols (TP), total flavonoids (TF), antioxidant (DPPH, FRAP) and antibacterial power of the extracts were measured. In addition, the nutritional components of the algae were determined. Results showed that the content of TP in the six algae varied between 2.6 and 11.3 mg EAG/g dw and between 2.2 and 9.6 for TF. Also, the extracts of G. skottsbergii, G. chamissoi, G. radula and G. chilensis showed the highest antiradical activity (DPPH, FRAP). All samples exhibited a low production of primary oxidation products, and protection of the essential components and the endogenous antioxidants tocopherols and astaxanthin, particularly in the case of G. skottsbergii, G. chamissoi, G. radula and G. chilensis. Furthermore, all algae had inhibitory activity against the tested microorganisms, coincident with their antioxidant capacity. Results show that the extracts may have future applications in the development and preservation of essential dietary components of healthy foods.
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Caris-Veyrat, Catherine, Ada L. Garcia, Eric Reynaud, Renata Lucas, Gamze Aydemir, and Ralph Rühl. "A Review About Lycopene-Induced Nuclear Hormone Receptor Signalling in Inflammation and Lipid Metabolism via still Unknown Endogenous Apo-10´-Lycopenoids." International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research 86, no. 1-2 (February 2016): 62–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/0300-9831/a000404.
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Abstract. Lycopene is the red pigment in tomatoes and tomato products and is an important dietary carotenoid found in the human organism. Lycopene-isomers, oxidative lycopene metabolites and apo-lycopenoids are found in the food matrix. Lycopene intake derived from tomato consumption is associated with alteration of lipid metabolism and a lower incidence of cardiovascular diseases (CVD). Lycopene is mainly described as a potent antioxidant but novel studies are shifting towards its metabolites and their capacity to mediate nuclear receptor signalling. Di-/tetra-hydro-derivatives of apo-10´-lycopenoic acid and apo-15´-lycopenoic acids are potential novel endogenous mammalian lycopene metabolites which may act as ligands for nuclear hormone mediated activation and signalling. In this review, we postulate that complex lycopene metabolism results in various lycopene metabolites which have the ability to mediate transactivation of various nuclear hormone receptors like RARs, RXRs and PPARs. A new mechanistic explanation of how tomato consumption could positively modulate inflammation and lipid metabolism is discussed.
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Pilaczynska-Szczesniak, Lucja, A. Skarpanska-Steinborn, E. Deskur, P. Basta, and M. Horoszkiewicz-Hassan. "The Influence of Chokeberry Juice Supplementation on the Reduction of Oxidative Stress Resulting from an Incremental Rowing Ergometer Exercise." International Journal of Sport Nutrition and Exercise Metabolism 15, no. 1 (February 2005): 48–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/ijsnem.15.1.48.
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The aim of the study was to investigate the influence of an increased intake of anthocyanins, contained in chokeberry juice, on the redox parameters in rowers performing a physical exercise during a 1-month training camp. The athletes were randomly assigned to receive 150 mL of chokeberry juice daily, containing 23 mg/100 mL of anthocyanins (supplemented group), or placebo (control group). Before and after the supplementation period, the subjects performed an incremental rowing exercise test. Blood samples were taken from the antecubital vein before each exercise test, 1 min after the test, and following a 24-h recovery period. After the supplementation period, TBARS concentrations in the samples collected 1 min after the exercise test and following a 24-h recovery period were significantly lower in the subjects receiving chokeberry juice than in the control group. In the supplemented group, glutathione peroxidase activity was lower in the samples collected 1 min after the exercise test, and superoxide dismutase activity was lower in the samples taken following a 24-h recovery, as compared to the subjects receiving placebo. These findings indicate that an increased intake of anthocyanins limits the exercise-induced oxidative damage to red blood cells, most probably by enhancing the endogenous antioxidant defense system.
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Marrazzo, Pasquale, Cristina Angeloni, Michela Freschi, Antonello Lorenzini, Cecilia Prata, Tullia Maraldi, and Silvana Hrelia. "Combination of Epigallocatechin Gallate and Sulforaphane Counteracts In Vitro Oxidative Stress and Delays Stemness Loss of Amniotic Fluid Stem Cells." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2018 (December 17, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/5263985.
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Amniotic fluid stem cells (AFSCs) are characterized in vivo by a unique niche guarantying their homeostatic role in the body. Maintaining the functionality of stem cells ex vivo for clinical applications requires a continuous improvement of cell culture conditions. Cellular redox status plays an important role in stem cell biology as long as reactive oxygen species (ROS) concentration is finely regulated and their adverse effects are excluded. The aim of this study was to investigate the protective effect of two antioxidants, sulforaphane (SF) and epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG), against in vitro oxidative stress due to hyperoxia and freeze-thawing cycles in AFSCs. Human AFSCs were isolated and characterized from healthy subjects. Assays of metabolic function and antioxidant activity were performed to investigate the effect of SF and EGCG cotreatment on AFSCs. Real-time PCR was used to investigate the effect of the cotreatment on pluripotency, senescence, osteogenic and adipogenic markers, and antioxidant enzymes. Alkaline phosphatase assays and Alizarin Red staining were used to confirm osteogenic differentiation. The cotreatment with SF and EGCG was effective in reducing ROS production, increasing GSH levels, and enhancing the endogenous antioxidant defences through the upregulation of glutathione reductase, NAD(P)H:quinone oxidoreductase-1, and thioredoxin reductase. Intriguingly, the cotreatment sustained the stemness state by upregulating pluripotency markers such as OCT4 and NANOG. Moreover, the cotreatment influenced senescence-associated gene markers in respect to untreated cells. The cotreatment upregulated osteogenic gene markers and promoted osteogenic differentiation in vitro. SF and EGCG can be used in combination in AFSC culture as a strategy to preserve stem cell functionality.
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So, Visessakseth, Piman Pocasap, Khaetthareeya Sutthanut, Benjabhorn Sethabouppha, Wipawee Thukhammee, Jintanaporn Wattanathorn, and Natthida Weerapreeyakul. "Effect of Harvest Age on Total Phenolic, Total Anthocyanin Content, Bioactive Antioxidant Capacity and Antiproliferation of Black and White Glutinous Rice Sprouts." Applied Sciences 10, no. 20 (October 11, 2020): 7051. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app10207051.
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Black (cv. BGR) and white (cv. RD6) glutinous rice sprouts from fertilizer- and pesticide-free farm in Khon Kaen province, Thailand were investigated for antioxidation and antiproliferative activity. Three different ages of rice sprouts were collected and prepared as the extract. BGR exerted higher antioxidant capacity than RD6 based on total phenolic (TPC) and total anthocyanin contents (TAC), DPPH, and FRAP assays. BGR at 10–15 days contained the highest TPC (29.72 ± 1.42 mg gallic acid equivalent/g extract) and reducing power (2.22 ± 0.014 mmole FeSO4/g extract). BGR at 20–25 days contained the highest TAC (0.86 ± 0.096 equivalence of cyanidin-3-glucoside/g extract) and DPPH radical scavenging activity (IC50 = 231.09 ± 12.99 μg/mL). Antiproliferative activity of the extracts was evaluated in the human T-lymphocyte (Jurkat), hepatocellular carcinoma (HepG2), colorectal carcinoma (HCT116), melanoma (SK-MEL-2) and noncancerous cells (Vero) by neutral red assay. BGR showed the most selective antiproliferation against Jurkat cells, by inducing apoptosis, and caspase 3/7 activity. BGR at 200 μg/mL from all ages significantly decreased ROS using DCFH-DA and increased endogenous glutathione levels in Jurkat cells compared to the control (p < 0.05). The higher antiproliferation of BGR than RD6 was via its antioxidation capacity and attributed to its higher phenolic and anthocyanin contents. BGR sprout is a potential source of biologically active substances good for wellness and health benefits.
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Thao, Doan Phan Phuong, Tuan Anh Le, and Phan Ngo Hoang. "Effect of thidiazuron and monochromatic light on shoot development in vitro culture of Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb et Zucc." Science and Technology Development Journal - Natural Sciences 4, no. 2 (May 11, 2020): First. http://dx.doi.org/10.32508/stdjns.v4i2.833.
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Polygonum cuspidatum Sieb. et Zucc, a medicinal plant, contains many phenolic compounds such as resveratrol. It has antioxidant, antibacterial, anti-cancer, HIV, and neuron protective properties. In this study, stem segments having an auxiliary bud were cultured in vitro on MS medium supplemented with TDZ at 0.1 mg/L for obtaining the highest number of shoots (8–9 shoots/cluster after eight weeks). The bud shoots were originated from the differentiation in the periphery of the lateral meristem. After eight weeks, the shoots cultured under the monochromatic light showed that the plant height, fresh and dry weight was higher than those grown under the fluorescent light at the same intensity of 50 µmol photon/m2/sec. Blue LED reduced the number of shoots/cluster, and respiration intensity of the inoculum compared to the red LED or fluorescent light conditions. However, after eight weeks, the total sugar and phenolic content in leaves and stems, as well as the resveratrol content of shoots under blue light, were always higher than under red LED or fluorescent light. Moreover, when samples were exposed under the one-week blue light condition at a double intensity (100 µmol photon/m2/sec), the shoot clusters growing under blue LED also had a remarkably high total phenolic content and significantly high resveratrol levels compared to the two other treatments. The roles of endogenous growth regulators in shoot clusters under different lighting conditions were also analyzed and discussed.
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Broyles, Robert H., Visar Belegu, Austin C. Roth, Emily J. Clarkson, Kelly S. Williamson, Charles A. Stewart, Quentin N. Pye, et al. "Ferritin Heavy Chain Stimulates HbS-to-HbF Switching in Erythroid Precursor Cells from Sickle Cell Patients." Blood 108, no. 11 (November 16, 2006): 790. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v108.11.790.790.
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Abstract We have found that ferritin heavy chain (FtH), an antioxidant/stress response/iron-storage protein, localizes to the nucleus in K562 cells and represses the human adult beta-globin promoter in transient assays in primate cells (Broyles et al., PNAS98: 9145, 2001). Since other work indicates FtH is also a gene activator of fetal-globin genes, we hypothesize that FtH is a long-sought developmental hemoglobin (Hb) switching factor and that delivery of FtH to human adult erythroid cell precursors will reverse the phenotype to HbF, offering a phenotypic cure for sickle cell disease (SCD). Chromatin immunoprecipitation (ChIP) assays, antisense treatments, and an FtH transgenic mouse have confirmed that FtH is a globin gene regulatory protein in vivo. With erythroid precursor cells from pediatric SCD patients, under an IRB-approved protocol, we have used a two-phase culture system for in vitro maturation of erythroid cells in the presence of FtH, delivered to the cells as pure protein, as an expression plasmid, or as a priority inducer compound that activates the endogenous FtH gene. HPLC with a PolyCAT A column was used to separate and quantify human Hbs. With each mode of delivery, FtH stimulated a complete switch from HbS to HbF. This result was repeatable in multiple experiments using erythroid precursor cells from three different SCD donors. Fluorescently-labeled recombinant human FtH protein was taken into red cell precursors in culture, suggesting that the purified protein can be directly delivered without gene therapy. This method of producing a phenotypic cure in SCD patients should be easy and inexpensive to deliver in vivo.
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Tripathi, Ankita, Sapna Chaudhar, Vivek Chauhan, Lalit Rana, Bhawna Mehta, and Khushboo Bharadwaj. "A REVIEW ON WOUND HEALING ACTIVITY OF DIETARY FLAVONOID NARINGENIN." International Research Journal of Pharmacy 11, no. 11 (November 30, 2020): 25–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.7897/2230-8407.111194.
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Wound is known as disruption in the integrity of a tissue. The mechanisms of regeneration and tissue repair consist of a series of molecular and cellular events that occur after the onset of a tissue lesion to rebuild the damaged tissue. The remodelling phases of the exudative, proliferative, and extracellular matrix are concurrent events that occur through the interaction of complex processes involving soluble mediators, blood cells and parenchymal cells. Exudative phenomena that occur after injury, lead to tissue edema growth. The proliferative stage aims to minimize the area of tissue damage by myofibroblasts and fibroplasia contracting. Angiogenesis and reepithelialisation processes can still be observed at this point. Endothelial cells are capable of differentiating into mesenchymal components and this distinction seems to be finely coordinated by a series of signalling proteins. Many of the medicines available today is derived from natural sources. Flavonoids are essential components of the human diet apart from their physiological functions in plants, even though they are not considered as nutrients. In this review, naturally occurring flavonoid is discussed which occur in citrus fruits, vegetables, nuts, and beverages like coffee, tea, and red wine, and also in medical herbs. They exhibit different pharmacological actions, like antioxidant, anti-allergic, anti-bacterial, anti-inflammatory, anti-mutagenic and anti-cancer activity. One of the flavanones is Naringenin which is the ordinary dietary poly-phenolic constituent of the citrus fruits (grapefruit and oranges) and vegetables. It is beneficial in various neurological, cardiovascular, gastrointestinal, rheumatological, metabolic, malignant disorders, and functionally, this ameliorative effect of naringenin is primarily attributed to its anti-inflammatory (via inhibiting staffing of cytokines and inflammatory transcription factors) and anti-oxidant (via scavenging of free radicals, bolstering of endogenous antioxidant defence system and metal ion chelation) effects
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de Oliveira Caland, Ricardo Basílio, Cesar Orlando Muñoz Cadavid, Lourdes Carmona, Leandro Peña, and Riva de Paula Oliveira. "Pasteurized Orange Juice Rich in Carotenoids Protects Caenorhabditis elegans against Oxidative Stress and β-Amyloid Toxicity through Direct and Indirect Mechanisms." Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity 2019 (April 18, 2019): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/5046280.
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‘Cara Cara’ is a red orange (Citrus sinensis (L.) Osbeck) variety originally from Venezuela characterized by a significantly higher and diversified carotenoid content including higher-concentration lycopene, all-E-β-carotene, phytoene, and other carotenoids when compared with the carotenoid profile of its isogenic blond counterpart ‘Bahia’, also known as Washington navel. The exceptionally high carotenoid content of ‘Cara Cara’ is of special interest due to its neuroprotective potential. Here, we used the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans to analyze the antioxidant effect and the protection against β-amyloid-induced toxicity of pasteurized orange juice (POJ) obtained from ‘Cara Cara’ and compare to that from ‘Bahia’. POJ treatment reduced the endogenous ROS levels and increased the worm’s survival rate under normal and oxidative stress conditions. POJ treatment also upregulated the expression of antioxidant (gcs-1, gst-4, and sod-3) and chaperonin (hsp-16.2) genes. Remarkably, ROS reduction, gene expression activation, oxidative stress resistance, and longevity extension were significantly increased in the animals treated with ‘Cara Cara’ orange juice compared to animals treated with ‘Bahia’ orange juice. Furthermore, the body paralysis induced by β-amyloid peptide was delayed by both POJs but the mean paralysis time for the worms treated with ‘Cara Cara’ orange juice was significantly higher compared to ‘Bahia’ orange juice. Our mechanistic studies indicated that POJ-reduced ROS levels are primarily a result of the direct scavenging action of natural compounds available in the orange juice. Moreover, POJ-induced gst-4::GFP expression and –increased stress resistance was dependent of the SKN-1/Nrf2 transcription factor. Finally, the transcription factors SKN-1, DAF-16, and HSF-1 were required for the POJ-mediated protective effect against Aβ toxicity. Collectively, these results suggest that orange juice from ‘Cara Cara’ induced a stronger response against oxidative stress and β-amyloid toxicity compared to orange juice from ‘Bahia’ possibly due to its higher carotenoid content.
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Piña-Oviedo, Sergio, Carlos Ortiz-Hidalgo, and Alberto G. Ayala. "Human Colors—The Rainbow Garden of Pathology: What Gives Normal and Pathologic Tissues Their Color?" Archives of Pathology & Laboratory Medicine 141, no. 3 (March 1, 2017): 445–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.5858/arpa.2016-0274-sa.
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Context.— Colors are important to all living organisms because they are crucial for camouflage and protection, metabolism, sexual behavior, and communication. Human organs obviously have color, but the underlying biologic processes that dictate the specific colors of organs and tissues are not completely understood. A literature search on the determinants of color in human organs yielded scant information. Objectives.— To address 2 specific questions: (1) why do human organs have color, and (2) what gives normal and pathologic tissues their distinctive colors? Data Sources.— Endogenous colors are the result of complex biochemical reactions that produce biologic pigments: red-brown cytochromes and porphyrins (blood, liver, spleen, kidneys, striated muscle), brown-black melanins (skin, appendages, brain nuclei), dark-brown lipochromes (aging organs), and colors that result from tissue structure (tendons, aponeurosis, muscles). Yellow-orange carotenes that deposit in lipid-rich tissues are only produced by plants and are acquired from the diet. However, there is lack of information about the cause of color in other organs, such as the gray and white matter, neuroendocrine organs, and white tissues (epithelia, soft tissues). Neoplastic tissues usually retain the color of their nonneoplastic counterpart. Conclusions.— Most available information on the function of pigments comes from studies in plants, microorganisms, cephalopods, and vertebrates, not humans. Biologic pigments have antioxidant and cytoprotective properties and should be considered as potential future therapies for disease and cancer. We discuss the bioproducts that may be responsible for organ coloration and invite pathologists and pathology residents to look at a “routine grossing day” with a different perspective.
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Harnavi Harun, Yanwirasti Yanwirasti, Bambang Purwanto, and Endang Purwati Rahayuningsih. "The Effect of Giving Dadih on Malondialdehyde Levels and Renal Interstitial Fibrosis at Aging Kidney." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 8, A (May 15, 2020): 293–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2020.4285.
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BACKGROUND: The increase in the elderly poses problems in the areas of health, since it can cause aging of the physiological function of organs. It also has an impact on kidney function, which will enhance the chronic kidney disease. One of the theory that causes aging process is the free radical theory, which that accumulation of free radicals is caused by depletion of antioxidants. Therefore, exogenous antioxidants are needed and in this study author use dadih. Dadih is fermented buffalo milk, indigenous from West Sumatera-Indonesia. Peptides found in fermented milk contained antioxidant that can stimulate the formation of endogenous antioxidants and diversification of dadiah increases its effect as antioxidant.
AIM: This study aims to prove the effect of dadih antioxidants on malondialdehyde (MDA) levels of kidney tissue and renal interstitial fibrosis.
MATERIALS AND METHODS: An experimental study with post-test only control group design conducted to observe effect of dadih to kidney aging of Rattus norvegicus in the Laboratory of Andalas University. It used 30 R. norvegicus which were divided into three groups. Group K was a positive control (did not get dadih), Group P1 was given dadih 4.5 g once a day, and Group P2 was given dadih 4.5 g twice a day for 42 days. After that, MDA levels of kidney tissue are examined using the thiobarbituric acid reactive substances examination technique and examination of renal interstitial fibrosis which is done by histopathology with Sirius-red staining. Data were analyzed using the normality test with Shapiro–Wilk.
RESULTS: The results showed that dadih can reduce levels of MDA in kidney tissue, where its decrease very significant in Group P1 (given dadih once a day) and Group P2 (given dadih twice a day) compared to the Group K (control group) 0.97 ± 0.06 pg/ml to 0.75 ± 0.03 pg/ml (p < 0.05). Group P1 and Group P2 can also reduce the renal interstitial fibrosis rank. Obtained a decrease in the average fibrosis rank from Group K to Group P1 and subsequently to Group P2 (p < 0.05).
CONCLUSION: This study concluded that dadih can reduce MDA levels in kidney tissue and reduce renal interstitial fibrosis rank on aging kidney.
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Zhukova, I. O., I. O. Kostyuk, and Yu S. Svitlychna-Kulak. "Гематологічні і біохімічні показники крові собак за умов застосування «Неоверму» та протекторів-антитоксикантів." Scientific Messenger of LNU of Veterinary Medicine and Biotechnologies 19, no. 73 (February 7, 2017): 46–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.15421/nvlvet7310.
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The article presents the data on the effect of antihelmintic and imunomodulating drug «Neoverm» on the dogs’ body when the drug was administered into the stomach of the animals within three days and the results of its application in the combination with the drugs that contain antioxidant and membrane stabilizing substances. To protect the body from toxic action of «Neoverm» the drugs were used under two schemes: «E-Selenium» and «Quercetin», phospholipid hepaprotector «Lesphal» and «green buckwheat» (a feed additive – pre-ground raw buckwheat as a natural source of quercetin). The result a were compared with the control group and the group that received only «Neoverm». It has been found out that the use of «Neoverm» for the dogs both on the 7th and 14th days had a negative impact on the hematological parameters and the activity of blood enzymes that reflects the functional state of the liver. In particular, the reduction in the number of erythrocytes and the level of hemoglobin as well as the significant increase in the activity of diagnostic enzymes: alanine (ALT), asparagine (AST), gammaglutamyl (GGT) transferases and alkaline phosphatase (ALP) have been revealed. The proposed schemes to correct the toxic effect of the drug «Neoverm» in dogs led to the restoration of endogenous antitoxic resources, that is, to a gradual normalization of hematological parameters and the activity of indicatory enzymes of blood (the decrease in the activity of AST, ALT, GGT, ALP and LDH and the normalization of the number of red blood cells and hemoglobin) and that is the basis for the use of the above drugs as protectors-antioxidants when «Neoverm» is used.
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Agrawal, Anurag K., Jung H. Suh, Bruce N. Ames, Elliott P. Vichinsky, and Ashutosh Lal. "Heightened Sulfur Amino Acid Oxidation in Plasma and Erythrocytes in β-Thalassemia Major." Blood 114, no. 22 (November 20, 2009): 4065. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v114.22.4065.4065.
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Abstract Abstract 4065 Poster Board III-1000 Background Oxidative stress in β-thalassemia major is a well documented problem thought in part to be due to transfusional iron overload. Sulfur amino acid (SAA)-derived metabolites, chiefly glutathione (GSH), are critical components of cellular antioxidant defense. Inability to adequately regulate endogenous antioxidant status may lead to further exacerbation of oxidative stress. To characterize whether alteration in SAA metabolism contributes to heightened oxidative stress in thalassemia, we utilized a novel liquid chromatography linked electrospray positive tandem mass spectrometric (LC-MS/MS) technique to simultaneously quantify the redox states of cysteine (Cys) and GSH as well as the concentrations of major amino acid-derived metabolites in plasma and erythrocytes. Methods After institutional review board approval, adult and pediatric subjects with β-thalassemia major were recruited for fasting blood samples drawn immediately prior to the next scheduled blood transfusion. Plasma and red blood cell samples were analyzed using the LC-MS/MS technique (J Chromatogr B 2009;in press) and compared with healthy controls. Results Twelve subjects with β-thalassemia major were recruited. The median age of the group was 26.5 years (range 11-41). The median liver iron concentration (LIC) determined by ferritometer was 11.9 mg/g dry-wt (range 1.0-34.8). The median ferritin level for the group was 1980 ng/mL (379-4730). Evidence of myocardial iron overload (T2* <20 msec) was present in 5 of 11 subjects. Plasma SAA redox analysis in these subjects showed significant oxidation of Cys and GSH. Total Cys redox status (Cysteine/2*Cystine ratios) decreased from 0.1 ± 0.01 in healthy controls to 0.08 ± 0.02 in thalassemia (p=0.02). Similarly, the plasma GSH redox state (GSH/2*GSSG ratio) decreased from 38.9 ± 13.7 in healthy controls to 6.7 ± 5.3 in thalassemia subjects (p=0.005). The total GSH and total Cys pools in the plasma did not differ between the two groups. Mirroring the patterns observed in the plasma compartment, the proportion of erythrocyte GSSG was also significantly elevated in thalassemia (0.65% vs. 0.04%, p=0.009), without a concomitant decline in total erythrocyte GSH pool. A significant 3-fold elevation in plasma cystathionine and S-adenosylmethionine levels suggests that key SAA metabolic pathways to augment synthesis of GSH may be up-regulated in thalassemia. In addition to alterations in SAA metabolite profiles, the thalassemia group was >3-fold deficient in plasma valine, spermine and citrulline compared with controls. We found that within this small group, the level of iron overload measured by serum ferritin, liver iron concentration and cardiac MRI T2* showed no correlation with the amount of oxidative stress measured by glutathione redox. Discussion Assessment of SAA redox states and metabolic pathways has the potential to be a novel important marker in β-thalassemia major. The alterations in both Cys and GSH redox states without concomitant decline in their total concentration suggests either a significant increased rate of SAA oxidation and/or a decline in the capacity for NADPH-dependent reduction of oxidized disulfides. The latter may be supported by the evidence of profound hypocitrullinemia in thalassemia, which has been noted in subjects with inherited mitochondrial disorders (Proc Nat Acad Sci U S A 2009;106:3941-5). Finally, we show that the oxidative environment in the plasma affects the transfused erythrocytes which acquire characteristics of abnormal thiol metabolites observed in the plasma compartment. The demonstration of significant oxidative stress even in subjects with low body iron burden suggests that currently acceptable LIC levels may not be optimal, or that other contributors to the pro-oxidant state should be sought in thalassemia. Disclosures: No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Li, Xin, Sarah K. Johnson, Wen Ling, Sharmin Khan, Linda Saint John, Bart Barlogie, John D. Shaughnessy, and Shmuel Yaccoby. "Inducible Heme Oxygenase 1 (HMOX1) Promotes Osteoblastogenesis, and Inhibits Osteoclastogenesis and Myeloma-Induced Bone Disease." Blood 118, no. 21 (November 18, 2011): 627. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v118.21.627.627.
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Abstract Abstract 627 Cytotherapy with mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) has been shown to promote bone formation, inhibit bone disease and reduce multiple myeloma (MM) growth in myelomatous bone (Yaccoby et al., 2006; Li et al., 2011). At the cellular level, the infused MSCs act as a bystander cells that activate endogenous osteoblasts and suppress osteoclast activity. To shed light on molecular mechanisms associated with the cytotherapeutic effects of MSCs we exploited the SCID-hu model engrafted with the Hg MM line. Hg cells are only maintained by passaging in SCID-hu/SCID-rab mice and produce severe bone disease. Human global gene expression profile (GEP) was performed in nonmyelomatous implanted bones (n=5), and in myelomatous implanted bones injected with human MSCs (1×106 cells/bone) and analyzed immediately (control group, n=8) or 24 hours later (cytotherapy, n=6). Based on stringent criteria, (e.g. ≥2 folds, p<0.05, signal intensity ≥500 in upregulated or downregulated genes in cytotherapy and control groups, respectively), approximately 60 genes were found to be upregulated and 50 genes downregulated in myelomatous bones 24 hours after cytotherapy. Among the top upregulated genes we identified HMOX1 (5 folds, p<0.03), an antioxidant factor known to be involved in anti-inflammatory and wound healing processes. HMOX1 expression was 4 folds lower in whole myelomatous bones compared to nonmyelomatous bones (p<0.0004) and its expression in myelomatous bones was restored to normal level 24 hours after MSC cytotherapy. Clinical biopsies from newly diagnosed MM patients (n=369) also had lower HMOX1 expression than biopsies from healthy donors (n=20) or MM patients in remission (n=92, p<0.0001), supporting our experimental findings. The Hg MM line expressed very low level of HMOX1 while cultured MSCs expressed high level of HMOX1. In vitro, treatment with the HMOX1 inducer, hemin (50 μM), for 24 hours upregulated HMOX1 expression in MM cells (n=9) by 58±32 folds (p<0.009). Similar treatment with hemin induced HMOX1 expression in osteoblast precursors by 10±0.04 folds (p<0.001) and in osteoclast precursors by 1.6 folds (p<0.06). Hemin had modest inhibitory effect on growth of myeloma cell lines in culture but markedly inhibited formation of multinucleated osteoclasts by 49±2% (p<0.0001) and induced mineralization of osteoblasts analyzed by alizarin red staining. For testing hemin effects on MM growth and bone disease, hosts engrafted with Hg MM line were treated with vehicle or hemin (9 mice/group, 50 μM in 500 μl/mouse/injection) twice a week for 3 weeks. Hemin treatment had no effect on in vivo growth of Hg MM cells; however, in control hosts, bone mineral density (BMD) of the myelomatous bone was reduced by 17±3% from pretreatment levels whereas in hemin-treated hosts BMD of the myelomatous bone was reduced by 2±3% (p<0.005). The protective effect of hemin on bone disease was also visualized on x-rays. These data suggest that HMOX1 upregulation by MSC cytotherapy is involved in the therapeutic effects of this intervention and that induction of HMOX1 expression in myelomatous bone by hemin inhibits MM-induced bone disease. Disclosures: Barlogie: Celgene, Genzyme, Novartis, Millennium: Consultancy, Honoraria, Patents & Royalties. Shaughnessy:Myeloma Health, Celgene, Genzyme, Novartis: Consultancy, Employment, Equity Ownership, Honoraria, Patents & Royalties.
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Arora, Simran, Saleem Siddiqui, and Rakesh Gehlot. "Physicochemical and Bioactive Compounds in Carrot and Beetroot Juice." Asian Journal of Dairy and Food Research 38, no. 03 (October 26, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.18805/ajdfr.dr-1363.
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Carrot and beetroot are mostly used for salad and juice purpose. To know the physicochemical and bioactive composition of the locally grown carrot and beetroot, the present investigation was carried out. Physicochemical and bioactive compound like total soluble solids, total sugars, reducing sugars, titrable acidity, pH, ascorbic acid, total antioxidant activity, anthocyanins, betanin, total phenols and total carotenoids were determined from fresh carrot and beetroot juices. The results showed that fresh red carrot juice contained high amount of β-carotenoids (4.59 mg/100 ml) content. Freshly extracted beetroot juice contained 62.20% DPPH scavenging antioxidant activity, 990.7 mg/100 ml total phenols, 790 mg/l anthocyanins, 520.3 mg/l betanins. The results suggest that carrot and beetroot juices are rich source of nutrients and bioactive compounds thus can be used for value addition in food formulations.
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Zin, Moh Moh, Fruzsina Borda, Edit Márki, and Szilvia Bánvölgyi. "Betalains, total polyphenols, and antioxidant contents in red beetroot peel (Cylindra type)." Progress in Agricultural Engineering Sciences, October 30, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/446.2020.20004.
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AbstractSince significant percentage of fruits and vegetables go to waste during processing, investigation of how to improve the valuable products of extraction from the wastes is an undeniably effective way to save the planet. Beetroot (root, peel, and stalk) is a chief source of natural betalain color compounds and phenolic compounds with copious radical scavenging activity. The major emphasis of this work is to optimize process variables which are extraction time (10–60 min), operating temperature (20–50 °C), and aqueous ethanol solvent with the concentration of (25–75%) for effective extraction of valuable compounds such as betalains, total polyphenols, and antioxidant activity from beetroot peel. Spectrophotometric analysis was applied for quantification of those compounds. Amongst which, lowest solvent concentration (25% v/v) together with the highest temperature (50 °C) and extraction time (50 min) brought yielded higher results. The process optimization was carried out using Design Expert (11.0.3) statistical software. Overall, it can be noted that extraction process can be improved by controlling operating time and temperature, avoiding unnecessary overuse of costly solvent.
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Boronat, Anna, Natalia Soldevila-Domenech, Julián Andrés Mateus, Patrícia Díaz, Marta Pérez, Arnau Rovira, and Rafael De la torre. "Generation of the Antioxidant Hydroxytyrosol from Tyrosol Present in Beer in a Randomized Clinical Trial (P06-003-19)." Current Developments in Nutrition 3, Supplement_1 (June 1, 2019). http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/cdn/nzz031.p06-003-19.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract Objectives Hydroxytyrosol (HT) has been associated to health beneficial effects of extra virgin olive oil. Red wine is an indirect source of HT as it contains its precursor tyrosol (TYR), which is endogenously converted into HT. Beer is another source of TYR, which is originated during the fermentation as a secondary a metabolite of the amino acid tyrosine. The present work shows the first clinical study aimed at assessing the endogenous formation of HT following beer consumption. Methods Cross-over randomized clinical trial in healthy volunteers administered 250 mL of a dark beer (3.5 mg of TYR and 17.0 g alcohol), 250 mL of a lager beer (2.3 mg of TYR and 9.0 g alcohol), 250 mL of a non-alcoholic beer (1.4 mg of TYR and 0 g alcohol), and finally 150 mL of red wine (3.7 mg of TYR and 16.8 g alcohol). Urinary recovery of TYR and HT metabolites was quantified by LC/MS-MS. Results Results confirm that TYR present in beer is absorbed and endogenously converted into HT after its consumption (Figure 1). Nevertheless, the highest recovery was observed after red wine. Dark beer administration, which TYR and alcohol doses were equal to red wine, presented lower levels of TYR absorbed and hence, lower levels of HT generated. Lager and non-alcoholic beer presented dose-response absorption of TYR, but not an HT generation. Conclusions The present study is the first demonstrating that TYR present in beer is absorbed and endogenously biotransformed into HT in humans. HT generation is not TYR and alcohol dose-dependent and, is globally lower than following red wine, suggesting that other factors such as gas or other phenols could interfere in TYR bioavailability. Interestingly, HT recoveries after non-alcoholic beer are similar to those observed after alcoholic ones, limiting alcohol intake and the health and social problems associated to alcohol abuse. These findings could be relevant to understand the health effects associated to beer consumption. Funding Sources AB is recipient of a fellowship from ISCIII (PFIS), NS is recipient of a fellowship from Centro de Información Cerveza y Salud (Beca Manuel Oya) and CIBEROBN. Supporting Tables, Images and/or Graphs
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Changwal, Chunoti, Tushita Shukla, Zakir Hussain, Neera Singh, Abhijit Kar, Virendra P. Singh, M. Z. Abdin, and Ajay Arora. "Regulation of Postharvest Tomato Fruit Ripening by Endogenous Salicylic Acid." Frontiers in Plant Science 12 (June 7, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.3389/fpls.2021.663943.
Full textAbstract:
Exogenous application of salicylic acid (SA) has been known for delaying ripening in many fruit and vegetables. But the function of endogenous SA in relation to postharvest fruit performance is still unexplored. To understand the role of endogenous SA in postharvest fruit ripening of tomato, 33 tomato lines were examined for their endogenous SA content, membrane stability index (MSI), and shelf life (SL) at turning and red stages of tomato fruit ripening. Six tomato lines having contrasting shelf lives from these categories were subjected further for ethylene (ET) evolution, 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid synthase (ACS), 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid oxidase (ACO), polygalacturonase (PG), pectin methyl esterase (PME), antioxidant assays and lipid peroxidation. It was found that high endogenous SA has a direct association with low ET evolution, which leads to the high SL of fruit. High lycopene content was also found to be correlated with high SA. Total antioxidants, PG, and PME decreased and lipid peroxidation increased from turning to red stage of tomato fruit development. Furthermore, these lines were subjected to expression analysis for SA biosynthesis enzymes viz. Solanum lycopersicum Isochorismate Synthase (SlICS) and SlPAL. Real-time PCR data revealed that high SL lines have high SlPAL4 expression and low SL lines have high SlPAL6 expression. Based on the results obtained in this study, it was concluded that endogenous SA regulates ET evolution and SL with the aid of the antioxidative defense system, and SlPAL4 and SlPAL6 genes play significant but opposite roles during fruit ripening.
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Owoade, Abiodun Olusoji, Abdulrahman Abdullateef, Adewale Adetutu, Adewale Adetutu, and Olubukola Sinbad Olorunnisola. "Codeine-mediated Haematoxicity, Hepatotoxicity and Nephrotoxicity in Male Albino Rats." Asian Journal of Research in Medical and Pharmaceutical Sciences, March 30, 2019, 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/ajrimps/2019/v6i330102.
Full textAbstract:
Objectives: This study aimed to investigate the effects of codeine administration on some haematological and biochemical indices in rats.
Materials and Methods: Therapeutic dose (5 mg/kg/day), high dose (25 mg/kg/day) and extreme dose (50 mg/kg/day) of codeine were administered orally to rats for 28 days. Twenty-four hours after the last codeine administration, blood, liver and kidney were removed from the animals after an overnight fast and analysed for their haematological and biochemical parameters.
Results: Results obtained revealed that codeine administration significantly reduced the levels of white blood cells (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and platelet count (PLT) and increased the levels of mean corpuscular haemoglobin (MCH) and mean corpuscular volume (MCV)while it resulted in non-significant changes in other haematological parameters examined when compared with control rats. Codeine intake significantly increased plasma levels of alkaline phosphatase (ALP), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), creatinine and urea while its reduced total protein levels. Hepatic and renal thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels were significantly increased by codeine administration while levels of endogenous antioxidant enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), and reduced glutathione (GSH) were reduced.
Conclusions: This study confirmed the risk of increased oxidative stress, haematoxicity, hepatotoxicity and nephrotoxicity due to codeine administration. Although codeine is reported to be effective in pain management, its toxicity should be kept in mind.