Journal articles on the topic 'Endodontics, root canal shaping, canal irrigation'
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Vora, Miloni S., Nidhi K. Nihal, and Jaya Agali Ramachandra. "Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth." World Journal of Dentistry 6, no. 4 (2015): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1349.
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ABSTRACT The endodontic triad consists of cleaning and shaping, disinfection and obturation. Success of root canal therapy in primary teeth is mainly achieved by thorough removal of debris and necrotic tissue. However, complete elimination of bacterial contaminants as well as necrotic debris require adjunctive use of root canal irrigants along with mechanical instrumentation. As we know from literature that none of the available irrigating solutions alone provides all the ideal requirements. Studies have shown that a combination of two or more irrigating solutions in a specific sequence will help to achieve optimal irrigation. This review article mainly highlights the mechanism of action, safety and biocompatibility of currently used irrigation solutions and also the other materials that can be used as a potent irrigants, their advantages and limitations in future of endodontics. How to cite this article Ramachandra JA, Nihal NK, Nagarathna C, Vora MS. Root Canal Irrigants in Primary Teeth. World J Dent 2015;6(3):229-234.
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Abbasi, Hira, Abhishek Lal, Rizwan Jouhar, and Muhammad Saqib. "Obturation of A Mandibular 2nd Molar with the Help of Ultrasonic Irrigation to Clean the Lateral Canal." Journal of Bahria University Medical and Dental College 11, no. 02 (April 5, 2021): 93–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.51985/zlcd4512.
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Apex of root is of great interest for endodontists mainly because of different stages involved in its development and the surrounding tissues. Mandibular molars normally consists of 2 roots, one mesial and one distal. About common occurrence, 2 canals are found in mesial root and 1 canal in the distal root. The patient was diagnosed with symptomatic irreversible pulpitis. After cleaning and shaping, the next step is obturation. Lateral canals are complex findings in the apical third of root which is characterized as a lateral canal deviating from the main canal. Normally, this lateral canal is not part of the standard root canal procedure due to the complexities, but sometimes obturation might be possible, which might affect the long-term prognosis of the tooth. Advanced skills are required to attempt and complete obturation of the lateral canal which might be a difficult task for the general practitioners.
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Abuhaimed, Tariq S., and Ensanya A. Abou Neel. "Sodium Hypochlorite Irrigation and Its Effect on Bond Strength to Dentin." BioMed Research International 2017 (2017): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/1930360.
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Effective shaping and cleaning of root canals are essential for the success of endodontic treatment. Due to the complex anatomy of root canal spaces, the use of various instrumentation techniques alone is not effective in producing bacteria-free root canal spaces. Irrigation, disinfectants, rinses, and intervisit medications are used in conjunction with the mechanical instrumentation to ensure the success of endodontic treatment. Sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl), a halogenated compound, is routinely used to irrigate the root canal during endodontic treatments. NaOCl has been known for its antibacterial action, proteolytic and dissolution capacity, and debridement properties. NaOCl, however, can alter the composition of dentin and hence its interaction with the adhesive resins used to bond the restorative materials to treated dentin. This review therefore covers in depth the action of NaOCl on dentin-adhesive resin bond strength including both enhancement and reduction, then mechanisms proposed for such action, and finally how the adverse action of NaOCl on dentin can be reversed.
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Hawi, Nadine, Eugenio Pedullà, Giusy Rita Maria La Rosa, Gianluca Conte, Walid Nehme, and Prasanna Neelakantan. "Influence of Coronal Flaring on the Shaping Ability of Two Heat-Treated Nickel-Titanium Endodontic Files: A Micro-Computed Tomographic Study." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 1 (January 2, 2023): 357. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12010357.
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Nickel-titanium (NiTi) usage is associated in endodontics with some complications including canal transportation. Centering ability of a NiTi file is the ability to stay centered in the root canal system during instrumentation. Any undesirable deviation from the natural canal path is indicated as canal transportation. A possible strategy to improve the centering ability of NiTi instruments is the pre-enlargement of the coronal third of the root canal to minimize coronal interferences. This procedure is known as coronal flaring. The aim of this study was to perform a micro-computed tomographic (micro-CT) evaluation of the effect of coronal flaring on canal transportation and centering ability of two heat treated nickel-titanium rotary instruments, 2Shape (Micro Mega, Besançon, France) and HyFlex CM (Coltène Whaledent, Altstätten, Switzerland). Thirty extracted mandibular molars with two independent mesial canals were selected and randomly instrumented (n = 15 canals) with One Flare (Micro Mega, Besançon, France) before HyFlex CM, HyFlex CM (without coronal flaring), One Flare before 2Shape and 2Shape (without coronal flaring). One Flare (Micro Mega, Besançon, France) was introduced 4 mm below the canal entrance for canals prepared with coronal flaring. HyFlex CM and 2Shape were used accordingly to manufacturers’ instructions. New files were used for each canal. During and after instrumentation, irrigation procedures were performed. Micro-CT images were obtained pre- and post-preparation to measure and record root canal transportation and centralization. They were reconstructed from root apex to canal orifices, generating approximately 1000 sections per specimen. The anatomical thirds were determined by dividing the number of cross-sectional slices by three. Root canal transportation and centralization were determined by Gambil method, and the mean values were analyzed by repeated measures analysis of variance followed by multiple comparisons of Bonferroni to compare the different instrumentations procedures and the root thirds (p < 0.05). As for root canal transportation, 2Shape reported significantly higher values compared to HyFlex CM in the cervical region independently from the coronal flaring. In the apical region, 2Shape caused significantly minor canal transportation when used with coronal flaring with compared with the absence of coronal flaring. Regarding the centralization, HyFlex CM showed higher values than 2Shape in the cervical, independently from coronal flaring. In the apical region, 2Shape with coronal flaring exhibited significant major centering ratio, compared with not. Within the limitations of this study, coronal flaring reduced canal transportation and improved centralization of the 2Shape files in the apical section while it had no significant influence on shaping ability of the HyFlex CM instruments. Coronal flaring could represent a valid strategy to improve the shaping ability of NiTi files knowing that its benefit could be influenced by the shaping file used.
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Kokate, Sharad R., Ajinkya M. Pawar, and Mansing G. Pawar. "Minimally Invasive Endodontic Management of a Maxillary Second Premolar with an S-shaped Root Canal using the Self-adjusting File." Journal of Contemporary Dentistry 5, no. 1 (2015): 35–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10031-1102.
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ABSTRACT The main objective of an endodontic treatment is thorough shaping and cleaning of the root canal system, with the aim to obtain a fluid tight seal by a biocompatible obturating material. Complex unusual root canal morphology is an often-occurring phenomenon. Knowledge and understanding the unusual root canal morphology predicts the successful outcome in endodontic treatment. One such variant root canal morphology is the ‘S’ shaped root canal. The self-adjusting file (SAF) is a hollow compressible file made up of nickel-titanium lattice. The new concept associated with the SAF is that it adapts itself to the anatomical shape of the root canal and performs mechanical shaping and chemical cleaning with continuous irrigation simultaneously. This case report discusses endodontic treatment of a maxillary second premolar with a ‘S’ shaped root canal and its successful management with the SAF. How to cite this article Pawar AM, Pawar MG, Kokate SR. Minimally Invasive Endodontic Management of a Maxillary Second Premolar with an S-shaped Root Canal using the Self-adjusting File. J Contemp Dent 2015;5(1):35-37.
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Debelian, Gilberto. "BioRaCe NiTi system: Biologically desirable apical sizes - safely and efficiently." Serbian Dental Journal 58, no. 1 (2011): 44–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sgs1101044d.
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The main goal of endodontic treatment is an effective cleaning and shaping of the root canal in order to eliminate bacteria from the canal system and prevent the occurrence of apical periodontitis. Adequate choice of instruments and preparation techniques significantly reduce the number of bacteria in the canal system prior to obturation. Studies have confirmed that canals instrumented to acceptable apical diameters provide significantly lower number of bacteria even without the use of irrigation. Application of rotary instruments, such as BioRaCe, provides biologi- cally appropriate diameter in the apical portion of the canal and thus a lower number of residual bacteria to ensure safe and effective obturation.
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Bodrumlu, Emre, and Esma Dinger. "Treatment of anatomic canal variations in premolar teeth: Five case reports." International Dental Research 11, Suppl. 1 (September 30, 2021): 279–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.41.
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Aim: The aim of this case report is to present a series of anatomical variations and endodontic treatments in four two-canal mandibular premolar teeth and three rooted three-canal maxillary second premolar teeth with root canal treatment indications identified via clinical and radiographic examinations.
The success of root canal treatment is achieved with a thoroughly examined root canal morphology that has been accurately determined radiographically and clinically before adequate shaping, irrigation, and hermetic filling procedures. Root canals that are not found or not adequately disinfected can cause root canal treatment failure and complications, such as pain, swelling, or persistent fistula, also known as flare-up, after treatment.
Canal variations in the teeth were detected via periapical radiographs during the root canal instrumentation stage.
Methodology: The endodontic treatments of four two-canal mandibular premolar teeth and one triple-rooted three-canal maxillary second premolar with root canal treatment indications were described.
Conclusion: To achieve full success in root canal treatment, anatomical variations should be examined in detail before and during treatment, and treatment should be completed with appropriate techniques.
How to cite this article: Dinger E, Bodrumlu E. Treatment of anatomic canal variations in premolar teeth: Five case reports. Int Dent Res 2021;11(Suppl.1):279-84. https://doi.org/10.5577/intdentres.2021.vol11.suppl1.41
Linguistic Revision: The English in this manuscript has been checked by at least two professional editors, both native speakers of English.
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Asnaashari, Mohammad, Ali Sadeghian, and Parham Hazrati. "The Effect of High-Power Lasers on Root Canal Disinfection: A Systematic Review." Journal of Lasers in Medical Sciences 13 (December 14, 2022): e66. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/jlms.2022.66.
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Introduction: In root canal therapy, the cleaning and shaping of canals are routinely applied by clinicians in order to remove microorganisms. Eradicating bacteria from the root canal system plays a crucial role in long-term success; however, it is not always easy to disinfect root canals properly because of their complicated anatomy and bacterial load. Achieving an optimally disinfected root canal environment requires adjunctive antibacterial therapeutic methods. High-power laser utilization as an adjunctive strategy to conventional treatment is a relatively new approach that helps clinicians. Methods: This study was conducted according to the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guideline. Online databases, namely Web of Science, PubMed/MEDLINE, Scopus, and Cochrane Library, were searched electronically regarding lasers and endodontic treatments. Appropriate studies were included according to the inclusion/exclusion criteria. Results: Among 504 obtained studies by search, 48 were considered for a detailed analysis. Ten articles performed in vivo evaluation, while nine assessed the effect of lasers on artificial models, and 29 conducted ex vivo experiments on extracted teeth. When the diode laser, the most frequently used laser, was utilized as an adjunct therapy after NaOCl irrigation, it killed more bacteria than conventional irrigation with NaOCl. Laser-activated irrigation (LAI) with the Er, Cr: YSGG laser and NaOCl disinfects the root canal effectively. Also, photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) with Er: YAG and NaOCl exhibited a high bactericidal effect and deep tubular penetration. Conclusion: High-power laser utilization, considering proper case selection and method, can assist in root canal treatment of infected teeth.
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Leonardo, Mario Roberto, Devanir de Araújo Cervi, Juliane Maria Guerreiro Tanomaru, and Léa Assed Bezerra da Silva. "Effect of different rotary instrumentation techniques and thermoplastic filling on apical sealing." Journal of Applied Oral Science 12, no. 1 (March 2004): 89–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1678-77572004000100016.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate apical sealing after root canal treatment using two different rotary instrumentation techniques and two thermoplastic root canal filling techniques. The study was performed in 115 human extracted mandibular premolars. After coronary access the apical foramen was opened with a # 15 K file 1 mm beyond the apex. Cleaning and shaping was subsequently carried out at the working length, 1 mm from the apex, with ProFile .04/.06 system (Dentsply/Maillefer), Quantec (Analytic Endodontics/Kerr) or by the step-back technique with 1% sodium hypochlorite solution as irrigating solution. The root canals were filled with Thermafil (Dentsply/Maillefer) or Microseal (Analytic Endodontics/Kerr) or by lateral condensation technique using AH Plus sealer (epoxy type). The teeth were immersed in 2% methylene blue under vacuum. Then, they were longitudinally sectioned. The results showed that the association of Profile and Thermafil Plus provide the best results (p<0.05). In conclusion, the association of different rotary instrumentation techniques and different filling systems influenced the apical sealing.
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Victor, Christiaan, Peet J. Van der Vyver, Martin Vorster, Farzana Paleker, and Zunaid I. Vally. "Evaluation of preparation times of WaveOne Gold reciprocating instruments compared to two analogous counterparts." South African Dental Journal 76, no. 06 (July 31, 2021): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no6a2.
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Manufacturers are constantly developing new products to optimise endodontic treatment. These newer file systems are often associated with increasing expenditure of instrumentation and can affect the cost effectiveness of root canal treatment. Recently, companies have emerged that claim to have successfully reproduced many of the more established endodontic file systems manufactured by Dentsply Sirona (Ballaigues, Switzerland). EdgeEndo (Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA) and PacDent (Brea, CA, USA), which manufacture files similar in design to that of Dentsply Sirona, claim that they are similar and sell them at a lower price. A performance comparison of the replica file systems to their original is of clinical importance. The aim of this ex vivo study was to compare the total glide path and canal preparation times of WaveOne Gold Glider (Dentsply Sirona) combined with the Primary WaveOne Gold (Dentsply Sirona), Edge GlidePath (Edge Endo, Albuquerque, New Mexico, USA) followed by the Primary EdgeOne Fire (EdgeEndo); and One File G Glide Path (Pac-Dent, Brea, CA, USA) file combined with the Primary One File G (Pac-Dent) Shaping file. Sixty curved untreated canals of extracted, human, mandibular molars were randomly divided into three groups of 20 canals each for mechanical glide path enlargement and root canal shaping. Group 1 (WaveOne Gold Glider + Primary WaveOne Gold); Group 2 (Edge GlidePath + Primary EdgeOne Fire); and Group 3 (One File G Reciprocating Glide Path File + Primary One File G Reciprocating shaping file). The total time taken to prepare a glide path and to complete the root canal preparation of each canal was recorded (in seconds) by means of an iPhone stopwatch (Apple Inc., Cupertino, California). The time taken to change files was not recorded. Throughout the instrumentation process, RC Prep was used as a lubricant, and5 mL 3% sodium hypochlorite was used as irrigation solution. Mean and standard deviations were determined for each group, and analysis of variance was used to statistically compare the mean glide path preparation times for the three groups. The fastest final canal preparation time was achieved by WOGG/PWOG (41.78 ± 10.58 s), followed by OFGP/ POFS (42.02 ± 12.16 s) and then EGP/PEOF (42.49 ± 10.44 s). There were no statistically significant differences between the canal preparation times of the three combination groups (p>0.05).
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Shekhar, Shivangi, P. Laxmish Mallya, Vasudev Ballal, and Ramya Shenoy. "To evaluate and compare the effect of 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 7% maleic acid on the dentinal tubule penetration depth of bio ceramic root canal sealer using confocal laser scanning microscopy: an in vitro study." F1000Research 11 (December 22, 2022): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.127091.1.
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Background: The main factors that affect the success of an endodontic infection are effective cleaning and shaping of the root canal system including complete disinfection by using chemical irrigating solutions and obturation with an endodontic sealer to provide a fluid-tight seal. Using rotary and hand instruments for shaping and cleaning the root canal along with irrigants produces a smear layer on the surface of root dentin affecting the penetration of the endodontic sealer into the dentinal tubules. This smear is difficult to remove with the use of only endodontic irrigants, hence, chelating agents were introduced in adjunct with irrigating solutions for irrigation protocol for effective removal of smear layer which effect the penetration of endodontic sealers into the dentinal tubules. Methods: 32 mandibular premolar teeth were used. The biomechanical preparation was done till Protaper F3 size. Irrigation was done with 2.5 mL sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution after each instrumentation change for 1 min. Samples were then divided into 4 groups according to the irrigating solution used as the final rinse used with passive ultrasonic agitation. The groups were: Group I: 5 ml of saline, Group II: 5ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Group III: 5 ml of 10% citric acid, Group IV: 5 ml of 7% maleic acid each for one minute. All the canals were obturated with BioRoottmRCS with gutta-percha using the ultrasonic condensation technique. For staining the samples for Confocal LASER microscopy, BioRoottmRCS was mixed with Rhodamine B dye. Results: The maximum penetration of bio-ceramic sealer was observed in the coronal region. At the apical third, the maximum sealer penetration was seen with 7% maleic acid. Conclusions: Maximum sealer penetration was seen in the coronal section followed by the middle and apical section. Maximum sealer penetration was seen with 7 % maleic acid at the apical third.
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Shekhar, Shivangi, P. Laxmish Mallya, Vasudev Ballal, and Ramya Shenoy. "To evaluate and compare the effect of 17% EDTA, 10% citric acid, 7% maleic acid on the dentinal tubule penetration depth of bio ceramic root canal sealer using confocal laser scanning microscopy: an in vitro study." F1000Research 11 (February 24, 2023): 1561. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.127091.2.
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Background: The main factors that affect the success of an endodontic infection are effective cleaning and shaping of the root canal system including complete disinfection by using chemical irrigating solutions and obturation with an endodontic sealer to provide a fluid-tight seal. Using rotary and hand instruments for shaping and cleaning the root canal along with irrigants produces a smear layer on the surface of the root dentin affecting the penetration of the endodontic sealer into the dentinal tubules. This smear is difficult to remove with the use of only endodontic irrigants, hence, chelating agents were introduced in adjunct with irrigating solutions for irrigation protocol for effective removal of smear layer which affect the penetration of endodontic sealers into the dentinal tubules. Methods: 32 mandibular premolar teeth were used. The biomechanical preparation was done till Protaper F3 size. Irrigation was done with 2.5 mL sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) solution after each instrumentation change for 1 min. Samples were then divided into 4 groups according to the irrigating solution used as the final rinse used with passive ultrasonic agitation. The groups were: Group I: 5 ml of saline, Group II: 5ml of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid, Group III: 5 ml of 10% citric acid, Group IV: 5 ml of 7% maleic acid each for one minute. All the canals were obturated with BioRoot tmRCS with gutta-percha using the ultrasonic condensation technique. For staining the samples for Confocal LASER microscopy, BioRoot tmRCS was mixed with Rhodamine B dye. Results: The maximum penetration of bio-ceramic sealer was observed in the coronal region. At the apical third, the maximum sealer penetration was seen with 7% maleic acid. Conclusions: Maximum sealer penetration was seen in the coronal section followed by the middle and apical section. Maximum sealer penetration was seen with 7 % maleic acid at the apical third.
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MICHELON, Carina, Marina FRIGHETTO, Pauline Mastella LANG, Mariana De Carlo BELLO, Rafael PILLAR, Geraldo Fagundes SERPA, and Carlos Alexandre Souza BIER. "Efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation in removing root filling material during endodontic retreatment." Revista de Odontologia da UNESP 45, no. 1 (February 12, 2016): 15–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-2577.02814.
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Abstract Introduction The aim of endodontic retreatment is to remove the previous root filling materials completely to allow for the subsequent steps of cleaning, canal shaping and filling replacement. Objective To evaluate the efficacy of passive ultrasonic irrigation (PUI) in the removal of residual root filling material after removing the bulk of the root filling with nickel-titanium rotary instruments. Material and method Eighteen mesial isthmus-containing roots of human mandibular molars were prepared and filled. The root canal filling was removed with the ProTaper Retreatment system and K-files. The specimens were randomized into 2 groups (n = 9), both irrigated with 2.5% NaOCl and 17% EDTA. In the conventional group, an irrigation syringe was used. In the PUI group, the PUI technique was used. The roots were sectioned longitudinally and evaluated under stereomicroscopy. Student’s t test was used to compare groups and the general linear model was used to compare the apical, cervical, and middle root thirds within each group, in regard to the percentages of remaining residual filling material. Result There was no statistically significant intergroup difference, irrespective of which root third was evaluated (P > 0.05). In the PUI group, the apical third showed a significantly higher percentage of residual filling material, in comparison with the cervical (P = 0.038) and middle (P = 0.029) thirds. Conclusion The PUI technique was not more effective than the conventional irrigation technique in removing residual root filling material during endodontic retreatment in root canals with a complex anatomy.
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Habshi, Amel Yousif, Nausheen Aga, Khadija Yousif Habshi, Muna Eisa Mohamed Hassan, Ziaullah Choudhry, Muhammad Adeel Ahmed, Azeem Ul Yaqin Syed, and Rizwan Jouhar. "Efficacy of Smear Layer Removal at the Apical One-Third of the Root Using Different Protocols of Erbium-Doped Yttrium Aluminium Garnet (Er:YAG) Laser." Medicina 59, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 433. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina59030433.
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Background and Objectives: Smear layer forms during cleaning and shaping can obstruct the entry of both irrigant and sealant into the dentinal tubules, resulting in the accumulation of the bacteria and their byproducts. To ensure effective adhesion and better periapical healing, it is strongly advised to remove the smear layer before proceeding with root canal obturation. This study was designed to compare the efficiency of laser-activated irrigation (LAI) in removing the smear layer and debriding the most apical third of the root canal. Materials and Methods: Sixty-five extracted human teeth with straight single roots were randomly and equally divided into four laser and one control groups. Root canals in all samples were shaped using prime size TruNatomy rotary files. During preparation, each canal was irrigated with 3 mL of 3% NaOCl and 3 mL of 17% EDTA alternately, followed by the irrigation with 10 mL of distilled water to avoid the prolonged effect of EDTA and NaOCl solutions. Final irrigation of 5 mL of 17% EDTA of the root canal was done to eliminate the smear layer and was subsequently activated by an endodontic ultrasonic tip for 20 s three times (control group), a flat-end laser tip (test groups 1 and 3) or a taper-end laser tip (test groups 2 and 4) for two cycles. The time of each cycle activation was 10 s (groups 1 and 2) or 20 s (groups 3 and 4) in which the Er:YAG laser of 2940 nm was used. The laser operating parameters were 15 Hz and 50 μs pulse duration. The samples were then split longitudinally and subjected to scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Results: The remaining smear layer at the apical part of the root canals was statistically significant between the control group and the laser groups 1 (p = 0.040) and 2 (p = 0.000). Within the laser groups, the exposed tubules count was greater in the laser with the flat tip as compared with the tapered tip (Laser 1 > Laser 2 and Laser 3 > Laser 4). Finally, no significant differences in the count of debris between the laser groups and control group were observed, except for laser 4 (p < 0.05), which had the highest count of debris. Conclusion: LAI to remove debris and smear layer at the apical third of the root canal is inferior to the current ultrasonic technique. However, when using the Er:YAG LAI, it is recommended to use a flat tip design for 10 sec for two cycles to ensure maximum debridement of the apical dentin surface.
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Dioguardi, Mario, Giovanni Di Gioia, Gaetano Illuzzi, Enrica Laneve, Armando Cocco, and Giuseppe Troiano. "Endodontic irrigants: Different methods to improve efficacy and related problems." European Journal of Dentistry 12, no. 03 (July 2018): 459–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/ejd.ejd_56_18.
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ABSTRACTShaping and cleaning a root canal system along with the preservation of the surrounding periodontal tissues are the principal goals of an endodontic treatment. While most of the attention is paid to the mechanical aspects of a root canal treatment, an essential feature of it is the irrigation. All over the years, many materials have been used to clean the root canal of a tooth, and certainly, the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid solutions are the most used and most reliable ones. Putting them inside of a canal is mostly done using a normal syringe, but many techniques have been involved in this process, including the use of sonic/ultrasonic instruments, the use of shaping files, and even laser, to increase the efficacy of irrigant solutions, especially of NaOCl one. Each one of this technique faces some disadvantages, just as the vapor lock effect and the apical extrusion, and has a different action on features such as the reaction rate and the shear stress of an endodontic irrigant solution. In this narrative review, we describe the different features of many irrigant solutions and the different ways of upgrading their efficacy in the cleaning of a root canal system, with the use of tables to summarize the entire description, and drawing the readers' attention to a photographic illustration for a better understanding of the topic.
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Shrestha, D., M. Dahal, and S. Karki. "An endodontic practice profile amongst general dental practitioners in Kathmandu: A questionnaire survey." Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal 9, no. 4 (April 16, 2014): 40–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10235.
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Objective To investigate the endodontic practice profile of general dental practitioners. To explore the materials and methods employed by them in Kathmandu valley. To compare these findings with well acknowledged international academic standards. Methods Questionnaires with 18 closed-ended questions were distributed among randomly chosen 120 general dental practitioners of Kathmandu, working in various government or private hospital or clinics.The data were collected and descriptive statistical analysis was done. Results Out of 120 questionnaires, only 110 that were completely filled were included in the study .Most general dental practitioners (97%) regularly did multi-rooted root canal treatments and followed multivisit root canal treatment.. Radiograph with instrument in canal was used by 80% of general dental practitioners to determine the working length while only 36% used electronic apex locator which is considered to be more reliable. Half of them (57%) used nickel-titanium files for cleaning and shaping but only 23% used crown down technique. Sodium hypochlorite and calcium hydroxide was the most popular irrigation solution and intra-canal medicament respectively. Majority of general dental practitioners (91%) used lateral compaction technique for root canal obturation. Sixty three percent used zinc oxide eugenol as root canal sealer and 46% used endomethasone. They seem to overuse antibiotics in cases requiring endodontic therapy. Only 48% used autoclave for sterilization of endodontic files while 86% never used rubber dam. Eight three percent of them felt the need of further endodontic training and 42% of them preferred post-graduate dental program. Conclusion This study shows that the standard guidelines and new technologies for endodontic treatments are not implemented by many general dental practitioners of Kathmandu and require further endodontic trainings. Journal of College of Medical Sciences-Nepal, 2013, Vol-9, No-4, 40-50 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jcmsn.v9i4.10235
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Ghoneim, Mai, Shehab ElDin Saber, Tarek El-Badry, Maram Obeid, and Nehal Hassib. "The Use of Different Irrigation Techniques to Decrease Bacterial Loads in Healthy and Diabetic Patients with Asymptomatic Apical Periodontitis." Open Access Macedonian Journal of Medical Sciences 4, no. 4 (December 3, 2016): 714–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.3889/oamjms.2016.124.
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BACKGROUND: Diabetes mellitus is a multisystem disease which weakens the human’s immunity. Subsequently, it worsens the sequelae of apical periodontitis by raising a fierce bacterial trait due to the impaired host response.AIM: The study aimed to estimate bacterial reduction after using different irrigation techniques in systemically healthy and diabetic patients with asymptomatic apical periodontitis.MATERIAL AND METHODS: Enterococcus faecalis, Peptostreptococcus micros, and Fusobacterium necleatum bacteria were chosen, as they are the most common and prevailing strains found in periodontitis. Bacterial samples were retrieved from necrotic root canals of systemically healthy and diabetic patients, before and after endodontic cleaning and shaping by using two different irrigation techniques; the conventional one and the EndoVac system. Quantitive polymerase chain reaction (qPCR) was utilised to detect the reduction in the bacterial count.RESULTS: The EndoVac irrigation system was effective in reducing bacteria, especially Peptostreptococcus micros in the diabetic group when compared to conventional irrigation technique with a statistically significant difference.CONCLUSION: The EndoVac can be considered as a promising tool in combination with irrigant solution to defeat the bacterial colonies living in the root canal system. Additional studies ought to be done to improve the means of bacterial clearance mainly in immune-compromised individuals.
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Styaningrum, Yunita, Yoanita Dwi Andina, and Yulita Kristanti. "RETRIEVING BROKEN INSTRUMENT IN HALF OF THE APIKAL ON CANINES TEETH WITH H-FILE BRAIDING TECHNIQUE." ODONTO : Dental Journal 8, no. 2 (December 22, 2021): 146. http://dx.doi.org/10.30659/odj.8.2.146-150.
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ABSTRACTBackground: Broken instruments affect the outcome and prognosis. A broken instrument will prevent the procedure of cleaning and shaping, irrigation and obturation of the root canal on the obstructed root section causing failure in endodontic treatment. There are some treatments for broken instrument including retrieving a broken fragment file and bypassing it on the root canal. the aim of the case report aims to provide an alternative for retrieving broken instruments using the H-file braiding technique. Method: A 38-year-old female patient came to the Dental Conservation Clinic RSGM Prof. Soedomo FKG UGM. A patient got a history of initial root canal treatment in a clinic, which ended with a separated file on canine teeth left upper. No complain pain, from the investigation radiographic there is an instrument broken in half apical. The teeth 23 seen temporary restoration cavity class I is still in good. Retrieving broken instruments using the H-file braiding technique, preparation with step back techniques, obturation with warm vertical condensation technique and class I composite resin restorations with fiber-reinforced retention. Result: No complain pain after 2 weeks retrieving broken instrument.Conclusion: The technique of the H-file braiding technique is one technique to retrieve a broken instrument, this procedure is simple, cost-effective, harmless to the teeth and gives root canal sealing.
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Carina do Nascimento Menezes, Verydianna Frota Carneiro, and Mônica Sampaio do Vale. "Removal of filling material in endodontic retreatment: a literature review." RSBO 16, no. 2 (December 20, 2019): 109–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v16i2.366.
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Removal of filling material from the root canal system is required when a previous endodontic treatment fails, what may result in the permanence of an unfavorable periapical condition. The intent is to completely remove the filling material from the root canal to achieve sufficient cleaning and shaping for successful retreatment. Objective: The aims of this article were to provide a systematic review of the different techniques of endodontic filling material associated or not with organic solvents and to analyze them critically in terms of advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Literature review: The descriptors used were “gutta-percha”, “obturation,” and “retreatment” in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (Bireme), Latin-American and Caribbean Health Sciences (Lilacs), Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography (BBO), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Publications of in vitro/ex vivo and in vivo experiments without language restriction between the years 2010 and 2018 were selected. Conclusion: None of the techniques were capable of performing complete root canal cleaning, and the manual method was so effective as the automated method, although it requires longer working time. Furthermore, although this review confirmed that the solvent action did not allow a significant improvement in the removal of the filling material, ultrasound-activated irrigation proved to be an efficient adjunctive device as it could significantly reduce the volume of intracanal residuals.
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Menezes, Carina Do Nascimento, Verydianna Frota Carneiro, and Mônica Sampaio do Vale. "Removal of obturation material in endodontic retreatment: a literature review." RSBO 16, no. 2 (December 17, 2019): 109. http://dx.doi.org/10.21726/rsbo.v16i2.934.
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Introduction: Removal of filling material from the root canal system is required when a previous endodontic treatment fails, what may result in the permanence of an unfavorable periapical condition. The intent is to completely remove the filling material inside of the root canal to achieve sufficient cleaning and shaping for successful retreatment. Objective: The aims of this article were to provide asystematic review of the different techniques of endodontic filling material associated or not with organic solvents and to analyze them critically in terms of advantages and disadvantages of each technique. Literature review: The descriptors used were “guttapercha”, “obturation,” and “retreatment” in the following databases: PubMed, MEDLINE, Latin American and Caribbean Center on Health Sciences Information (Bireme), Latin-American and CaribbeanHealth Sciences (Lilacs), Brazilian Dentistry Bibliography (BBO), and Scientific Electronic Library Online (SciELO). Publications of in vitro/ ex vivo and in vivo experiments without language restriction between the years 2010 and 2018 were selected. Conclusion: None of the techniques were capable of performing complete root canal cleaning, and the manual method was so effective as the automated method, although it requires longer working time. Furthermore, although this review confirmed that the solvent action did not allow a significantimprovement in the removal of the filling material, ultrasoundactivated irrigation proved to be an efficient adjunctive device as it could significantly reduce the volume of intracanal residuals.
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Mandras, Narcisa, Damiano Pasqualini, Janira Roana, Vivian Tullio, Giuliana Banche, Elena Gianello, Francesca Bonino, Anna Maria Cuffini, Elio Berutti, and Mario Alovisi. "Influence of Photon-Induced Photoacoustic Streaming (PIPS) on Root Canal Disinfection and Post-Operative Pain: A Randomized Clinical Trial." Journal of Clinical Medicine 9, no. 12 (December 2, 2020): 3915. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm9123915.
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The aim of this study was to evaluate the ability of a PIPS (photon-induced photoacoustic streaming) Er:YAG laser to reduce the root canal system bacterial count in vivo in comparison to the traditional irrigation technique. The post-operative patients’ quality of life (QoL) after endodontic therapy was evaluated through a questionnaire. Fifty-four patients affected by pulp necrosis with or without apical periodontitis biofilm disease were selected for endodontic treatment and randomly assigned to Group A (n = 27) with traditional irrigation and Group B (n = 27), with PIPS irrigation applied according to the protocol. Shaping was performed with ProGlider and ProTaper Next, and irrigation was performed with 5% NaOCl and 10% EDTA. Intracanal samples for culture tests were collected before and after irrigation. The microbiological analysis was evaluated by the Kolmogorov–Smirnov normality and Mann–Whitney tests (p < 0.05). A self-assessment questionnaire was used to evaluate the QoL during the 7 days after treatment; differences were analysed with Student’s t-test. Irrigation with the PIPS device was significantly effective in reducing bacterial counts, which were higher for facultative than obligate anaerobic strains, particularly for Gram-negative bacteria, without statistical significance (p > 0.05). There were no significant differences among the QoL indicators, except for the maximum pain (p = 0.02), eating difficulty (p = 0.03) and difficulty performing daily functions (p = 0.02) in the first few days post-treatment. PIPS may represent an aid to root canal disinfection not affecting the patients’ QoL, particularly for the first day after treatment.
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Zivkovic, Slavoljub, Jelena Neskovic, Marijana Popovic-Bajic, and Milica Medojevic-Jovanovic. "The efficiency of canal cleaning with reciprocating movements instruments - SEM study." Srpski arhiv za celokupno lekarstvo 148, no. 3-4 (2020): 148–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/sarh190412002z.
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Introduction/Objective. The application of nickel?titanium (NiTi) instruments in cleaning and shaping of the root canal system is a standard and a precondition for the success of endodontic treatment. The objective of this study was to use scanning electron microscopy (SEM) analysis in order to examine the efficiency of cleaning the apical third of the root canal system using two different NiTi systems with reciprocating movements. Methods. The study included 20 single-rooted teeth (premolars) divided into two groups. In group 1, the canal preparation was realized with a single file UNICONE with reciprocating movements (MEDIN, Inc., Nove M?sto na Morav?, Czech Republic), and in group 2, with ? RECIPROC BLUE instrument with reciprocating movements (VDW GmbH, Munich, Germany). The same quantities of 2% NaOCl solution and 17% EDTA solution were used as irrigation solutions. The samples prepared for SEM analysis of the smear layer in the apical third were evaluated on a scale of 1?5 and at a magnification of 1,000?. Results. SEM analysis pointed to mostly clean canal walls in the apical segment in both tested groups. Slightly cleaner walls were observed after the application of the UNICONE file (78%) compared to the samples of the second group, where the instrumentation was realized by the RECIPROC BLUE file (76%), but without statistically significant differences. Conclusion. Single-file reciprocating systems do not remove the smear layer completely, but provide efficient cleaning of the apical region of the canal.
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Ahmed, Riaz, Ziaullah Choudhry, Fazal Ur-Rehman Qazi, Sofia Malik, Shahbaz Ahmed, Sohail Saadat, Ahmed A. AlMokhatieb, et al. "Influence of 17% EDTA and Sapindus mukorossi on the Surface Property of Protaper Gold Rotary Endodontic Instruments." Applied Sciences 12, no. 14 (July 18, 2022): 7208. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12147208.
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The aim of the study was to evaluate the influence of 17% ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) and ethanolic extract of Sapindus mukorossi (S. mukorossi) in combination with canal shaping on surface properties of ProTaper Gold rotary endodontic file. Sixteen F1 ProTaper Gold rotary files underwent the standard protocol for root canal treatment using two irrigants (S. mukorossi and 17% EDTA) in single-rooted decoronated teeth. Eight unused files were used as a control. All files were examined under an atomic force microscope (AFM) to evaluate surface roughness (Ra) and root mean square (RMS). Data were analyzed using the t-test. RMS and Ra values of the control file were 1.37 and 0.607, respectively. The mean RMS (3.70 ± 1.41) and mean Ra (2.89 ± 1.41) in EDTA group were significantly higher than the control file (p < 0.05). The mean RMS in the S. mukorossi group (1.77 ± 0.66) did not show any significant difference with the control (p > 0.05). The Ra of S. mukorossi group (1.09 ± 0.05) was significantly higher than the control file (p < 0.05). Moreover, the mean RMS and Ra were found to be significantly higher in the EDTA group compared to the S. mukorossi group (p < 0.05). The mean Ra and RMS values of the ProTaper Gold files used to prepare canals using 17% EDTA and S. mukorossi irrigation were significantly higher than the control files. The EDTA-treated ProTaper Gold rotary files demonstrated higher surface Ra and RMS than the S. mukorossi files.
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Omaia, Mohamed, Maged Negm, Yousra Nashaat, Nehal Nabil, and Amal Othman. "The effect of triple antibiotic paste as an intracanal medication with an anti-inflammatory drug on post-operative pain of asymptomatic uniradicular necrotic teeth: a double blind randomized clinical trial." F1000Research 8 (June 23, 2021): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19699.2.
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Background: Flare-ups may occur after root canal treatment which consist of acute exacerbation of asymptomatic pulpal and/or periradicular pathologic condition. The causative factors of interappointment pain include mechanical, chemical or microbial irritation to the pulp or periradicular tissues. The potential role of microorganisms in interappointment pain is why the success of endodontic treatment depends on complete eradication of microorganisms capable of causing an intraradicular or extraradicular infection. This can be achieved by mechanical cleaning and shaping, in conjunction with irrigation and antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of triple antibiotic paste with the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac potassium versus calcium hydroxide used as an intra-canal medication in reducing post-operative pain. Methods: 84 patients with asymptomatic uniradicular necrotic teeth were randomly assigned into two groups according to the intra-canal medication used: calcium hydroxide group (CH) and triple antibiotic paste with diclofenac potassium group (TAPC). In the first treatment session, intracoronal cavity preparation was performed after rubber dam isolation followed by chemo-mechanical preparation using rotary Protaper Universal files with saline irrigation followed by intra-canal medication placement then postoperative pain was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours postoperatively using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In the second treatment session, intracanal medications were removed by irrigation using saline followed by obturation. Results: Both intracanal medicaments resulted in a statistically significant decrease in mean pain value from 24 to 48 and 72 hours postoperatively. While when comparing both groups, TAPC intracanal medication showed less post-operative pain compared to that of the CH group at 24, 48 and 72 hours with a statistically significant difference at 48 hours only. Conclusion: Both intracanal medicaments were efficient in reducing post-operative pain in asymptomatic uniradicular necrotic teeth. Trial registration: Clinicaltrial.gov NCT02907489, 20/09/2016.
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Omaia, Mohamed, Maged Negm, Yousra Nashaat, Nehal Nabil, and Amal Othman. "The effect of triple antibiotic paste as an intracanal medication with an anti-inflammatory drug on post-operative pain of asymptomatic uniradicular necrotic teeth: a double blind randomized clinical trial." F1000Research 8 (September 25, 2019): 1687. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.19699.1.
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Background: Flare-ups may occur after root canal treatment which consist of acute exacerbation of asymptomatic pulpal and/or periradicular pathologic condition. The causative factors of interappointment pain include mechanical, chemical or microbial irritation to the pulp or periradicular tissues. The potential role of microorganisms in interappointment pain is why the success of endodontic treatment depends on complete eradication of microorganisms capable of causing an intraradicular or extraradicular infection. This can be achieved by mechanical cleaning and shaping, in conjunction with irrigation and antibacterial agents. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of triple antibiotic paste with the anti-inflammatory drug diclofenac potassium versus calcium hydroxide used as an intra-canal medication in reducing post-operative pain. Methods: 84 patients with asymptomatic uniradicular necrotic teeth were randomly assigned into two groups according to the intra-canal medication used: calcium hydroxide group (CH) and triple antibiotic paste with diclofenac potassium group (TAPC). In the first treatment session, intracoronal cavity preparation was performed after rubber dam isolation followed by chemo-mechanical preparation using rotary Protaper Universal files with saline irrigation followed by intra-canal medication placement then postoperative pain was assessed at 24, 48 and 72 hours postoperatively using Visual Analogue Scale (VAS). In the second treatment session, intracanal medications were removed by irrigation using saline followed by obturation. Results: Both intracanal medicaments resulted in a statistically significant decrease in mean pain value from 24 to 48 and 72 hours postoperatively. While when comparing both groups, TAPC intracanal medication showed less post-operative pain compared to that of the CH group at 24, 48 and 72 hours with a statistically significant difference at 48 hours only. Conclusion: Both intracanal medicaments were efficient in reducing post-operative pain in asymptomatic uniradicular necrotic teeth. Trial registration: Clinicaltrial.gov NCT02907489, 20/09/2016.
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Agarwal, Anand, Zinnie Nanda, Rahul B. Deore, Kavitarani Rudagi, Mirza Osman Baig, and Md Adil Fareez. "Evaluation of Apical Vapor Lock Formation and comparative Evaluation of its Elimination using Three different Techniques: An in vitro Study." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 9 (2017): 790–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2128.
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ABSTRACT Aim The aim of this study was (i) to evaluate the formation of air bubbles in the apical region of root canal (apical vapor lock) during syringe irrigation, using cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) and (ii) comparative evaluation of the elimination of an established vapor lock by EndoActivator, ultrasonics, and manual dynamic agitation (MDA), using CBCT. Materials and methods A total of 60 extracted human singlerooted teeth were equally divided into three groups of 20 teeth each. The samples were decoronated 17 mm from the apex, cleaned, and shaped to size F4 Protaper using 3% sodium hypochlorite. Samples were irrigated with 3% sodium hypochlorite + cesium chloride radiopaque dye, and preoperative CBCT images were obtained. After formation of apical vapor lock in the scanned teeth, EndoActivator (group I), passive ultrasonic irrigation (group II), and MDA with K-file (group III) were performed and the teeth were again placed in CBCT scanner and results analyzed using the chi-square test. Results The apical vapor lock was formed in all the samples. Out of the 20 teeth in each group, the apical vapor lock was eliminated in 18 samples of EndoActivator group (90%), 16 samples of ultrasonic group (80%), while it was eliminated in 10 samples by MDA (50%). Conclusion It is concluded that (1) apical vapor lock is consistently formed during endodontic irrigation in closed canal systems and (2) sonic activation performs better than the ultrasonics and MDA in eliminating the apical vapor lock, with statistically significant difference between all the three groups (p < 0.05). Clinical significance The results suggest that the apical vapor lock (dead water zone) is consistently formed during endodontic irrigation which impedes irrigant penetration till the working length, thereby leading to inefficient debridement. Hence, to eliminate this vapor lock, techniques, such as sonics or ultrasonics should be used along with the irrigant after shaping and cleaning of the root canal. How to cite this article Agarwal A, Deore RB, Rudagi K, Nanda Z, Baig MO, Fareez MA. Evaluation of Apical Vapor Lock Formation and comparative Evaluation of its Elimination using Three different Techniques: An in vitro Study. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(9):790-794.
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Hora, Baljeet Singh, Yadnesh Arun Dondulkar, Vaibhav Suresh Jain, Shailendra Kumar Sahu, Nitin Prakash Chand Jogad, and Neetu Maurya. "Comparative Evaluation of Extrusion of Apical Debris and Irrigant from Curved Root Canals Using Three Different Ni-Ti Instruments with Conventional Needle Irrigation Methods - An In Vitro Study." Journal of Evolution of Medical and Dental Sciences 10, no. 34 (August 23, 2021): 2920–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.14260/jemds/2021/595.
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BACKGROUND Extrusion of debris, bacteria, and irrigant effect the inter-appointment flare ups and post-operative outcome of the endodontic treatment. So, it is necessary to make every effort to minimize such extrusion during cleaning and shaping of the canals. The present study was done to compare and evaluate debris and irrigant extrusion from curved root canals using different Ni-Ti systems. METHODS 30 mesial roots of mandibular molars were used in this study. Crown were decoronated, working length and initial apical diameter was established. 1.5 % agar gel model was used in this study. Samples were assigned randomly into 3 groups (n = 10 teeth per group). ProTaper Next, One Shape, FANTA AF BLUE F ONE files were used according to the manufacturer’s instructions for canal instrumentation. Apically extruded debris and irrigant was computed after the biomechanical preparation and their comparative analysis for each of the instruments and experimental models was performed. RESULTS Statistically significant difference was found between the three experimental groups. (P < .05). CONCLUSIONS All the instruments produced apically extruded debris and irrigant, but least was seen with FANTA AF BLUE F ONE and maximum with One Shape among the experimental groups. KEY WORDS Apical Debris, Irrigant, NiTi Files
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Koursoumis, Anastasios Dimitrios, Nikolaos P. Kerezoudis, and Afrodite Kakaboura. "In vitro Assessment of Tooth Color Alteration by Two Different Types of Endodontic Irrigants." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 15, no. 5 (2014): 529–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1574.
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ABSTRACT Aim The purpose of this study was to assess in vitro the tooth color alterations associated with two commonly used endodontic irrigants, the chlorhexidine gluconate (CHX) and the sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) up to 15 days post-treatment. Additionally, the possible influence of endodontic access preparation on tooth color was investigated. Materials and methods Thirty intact human anterior teeth were used. Black adhesive tape with a 4 mm diameter window was used to standardize the enamel surface intended for color analysis. After the access cavity, preparation and the initial root canal negotiation with stainless steel hand files, the root canal shaping was completed with rotary nickel-titanium files. The teeth were divided into three groups (n = 10). Conventional syringe irrigation was performed with one irrigant for each group. The enamel surfaces were colorimetrically evaluated before access cavity, after cavity preparation and at 1, 3, 7 and 15 days post-treatment. The CIE color parameters (L*, a*, b*) were recorded and averaged for each material and the corresponding color differences (ΔE) were calculated and statistically analyzed. Results The most significant factor in tooth color alteration, during the endodontic treatment, was the access preparation. CHX and NaOCl caused tooth color changes comparable with the saline. CHX and NaOCl did not increase the tooth color changes relative to the values induced by the access preparation. Conclusion The two endodontic irrigants were not able to induce tooth color alteration to a greater extent than the access preparation. Clinical significance Chlorhexidine and NaOCl cannot be considered as discoloring endodontic materials. The most contributing factor in tooth color alteration during endodontic treatment in the anterior teeth is access preparation. How to cite this article Koursoumis AD, Kerezoudis NP, Kakaboura A. In vitro Assessment of Tooth Color Alteration by Two Different Types of Endodontic Irrigants. J Contemp Dent Pract 2014;15(5):529-533.
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Alfadda, Abdullah, Abdulmohsen Alfadley, and Ahmed Jamleh. "Fiber Post Removal Using a Conservative Fully Guided Approach: A Dental Technique." Case Reports in Dentistry 2022 (July 22, 2022): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/3752466.
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This report describes the usefulness of an endodontic template for the removal of a fiber post. A 40-year-old man presented with discomfort in the maxillary left canine. Clinical and radiographic examinations showed tooth #23 with a permanent core material retained with fiber post along with a persistent apical radiolucency. Among the various treatment modalities, nonsurgical root canal retreatment with fiber post removal using a conservative fully guided approach was proposed. After obtaining both the cone-beam computed tomographic images and the cast surface scan, their data were merged using implant planning software (ImplaStation for Windows x64 Bit Beta Version, ProDigiDent, Miami, Florida, USA) and superimposed. The drilling space was planned based on the location, diameter, and apical extent of the fiber post and was virtually overlapped and transferred clinically using a resin template to drill through the fiber post. With guides in position over the rubber dam, drilling was made with increments of 2 mm using a size 4 long-shank round bur (Thomas, Bourges, France) until it exposed the coronal gutta-percha. As soon as the canal was located, K3 rotary files (Sybron Endo, Orange, USA) were used along with chloroform to remove the old obturating materials. Then, additional shaping and cleaning were done with ProTaper Next rotary files (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland), sizes X2 and X3, and 5.25% NaOCl irrigation, respectively. The root canal was then dried with paper points and obturated with gutta-percha and AH Plus sealer (Dentsply Sirona, Ballaigues, Switzerland) using the continuous-wave compaction technique. Finally, the tooth was temporarily restored using the double seal technique with zinc oxide and zinc sulfate-based temporary material (Cavit W; 3M ESPE, St. Paul, MN, USA) and resin-modified glass ionomer material (Photac Fil; ESPE, Norristown, PA, USA) filling materials and referred for the final restoration.
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Ferreira, Inês, and Irene Pina-Vaz. "The Novel Role of Solvents in Non-Surgical Endodontic Retreatment." Applied Sciences 12, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 5492. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12115492.
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Non-surgical endodontic retreatment is a reliable conservative option for managing post-treatment apical periodontitis. However, effective microbial control, based on the maximization of filling removal and disinfection protocols, is not yet predictable. Traditional gutta-percha solvents, which are indistinctively used for both the core and sealer filling materials, became obsolete due to unprecedented advances in endodontic technology. Nonetheless, microtomography, scanning electronic microscopy findings, and histobacteriological analysis tend to confirm the persistence of filling materials and the lack of association between root canal enlargement and superior disinfection. There is a controversy regarding the most suitable clinical protocols surrounding the shaping procedures and the supplementary disinfection steps. Based on the literature and the previous work of the team, the authors aimed to summarize the current knowledge regarding specific solvent formulations that target filling materials. Additionally, the advantage of an additional irrigation step to optimize disinfection was highlighted. This adjunctive procedure serves a dual role in the dissolution of filling materials, and in conferring an antibiofilm effect. Further research is needed to understand the novel contribution of these strategies upon clinical practice outcomes.
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Yengopal, Veerasamy. "What’s new for the clinician? - Excerpts from and summaries of recently published papers." South African Dental Journal 76, no. 07 (October 15, 2021): 426–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.17159/2519-0105/2021/v76no7a6.
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Endodontic files are used to remove intracanal pulpal tissues, microbial biofilm, and toxic by-products and to develop a continuously tapering canal while maintaining the canal geometry that ultimately allows for the delivery of irrigating solutions and intracanal medicaments as well as the three-dimensional filling of the root canal system. Historically, stainless steel hand files have been used to perform canal shaping. However, these files are stiff and associated with increased operator fatigue, and when used in the preparation of curved root canals, the restoring forces of the files tend to return the file back to its original shape, resulting in canal transportation.
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Dogandzhiyska, Violeta, and Emilia Karova. "Effect of Laser Irradiation on the Apical Root Canal Sealing." EAS Journal of Dentistry and Oral Medicine 4, no. 3 (May 21, 2022): 86–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.36349/easjdom.2022.v04i03.002.
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Cleaning and shaping of the root canal system are essential for the successful outcome of endodontic treatment. In addition to the routinely used irrigating solutions, other technologies have been investigated for the treatment of root canal dentine, such as different types of laser systems. Purpose: The aim of our in vitro study was to evaluate the effect of different types of laser irradiation (Er:YAG , Nd:YAG, diode laser and photodynamic therapy) on the intracanal dentin and their interference in the apical seal of filled root canals. Methodology: 72 human single rooted teeth were randomly assigned into 6 groups. Root canal preparation was done using ProTaper Universal rotary system up to F3. The laser irradiation was performed at the end of the traditional endodontic preparation as a final means of decontaminating the endodontic system. Teeth were filled with a core-carrier system Guttacore (Dentsply, Sirona) and sealer AH- plus. Results: Statistical analysis showed that all groups had significantly less leakage in apical third than the control group. The laser-treated groups presented better results than Group II (Classical disinfection protocol), without statistically significant difference. The morphological changes on the apical intraradicular dentin surface caused by Nd:YAG and Er:YAG laser irradiation resulted at least linear dye apical leakage. Conclusions: Laser irradiation may improve the apical seal of the root canal. Different type of laser systems with appropriate parameters are recommended to be used as an adjunct to the current chemical root canal disinfection protocols.
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Geethanjali, R. "Single visit endodontics." IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics 6, no. 3 (September 15, 2021): 147–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijce.2021.032.
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A successful endodontic treatment depends upon localization, proper chemo mechanical preparation of the root canal system, debridement, shaping, disinfection, and three-dimensional obturation of canal system. To achieve this, endodontic therapy used to be performed in multiple visits for complete disinfection of the canals in other words for the better success of endodontic therapy.1
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Fatima, Alvi, Hares Shabir, Arushi Goyal, Akshun S Gupta, Faiz Khan, and Akanksha Sood. "A literature review of single file NiTi rotary system in endodontics." IP Indian Journal of Conservative and Endodontics 6, no. 2 (June 15, 2021): 85–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.ijce.2021.019.
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The most important step in the success of the root canal treatment is the proper cleaning and shaping of the canal system. Cleaning and shaping means the removal of the entire pulpal tissue from the canal, so that there will be no residue left of any vital structure, that may cause any painful or infectious condition for the future. Some times there occurs difficulty in cleaning as well as shaping of the root canal in the posterior tooth or teeth, where the anatomy of the root is some what curved, and there occur difficulty in removing the vital tissue along with difficulty in achieving the accurate working length of the tooth. In this type of situation use of nickel titanium single file system is quite beneficial.
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DSouza, Dr Henston Leslie Joe, and Dr Raina DSouza. "Role of Herbs in Endodontics: An Update." Scholars Journal of Dental Sciences 9, no. 9 (October 15, 2022): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.36347/sjds.2022.v09i09.001.
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Treatment involving Endodontics and root canal therapy comprises of extirpation of infected pulpal tissue along with a variety of microbial organisms from root canal spaces for prevention of any increase in infection of peri- radicular soft tissues while at the same time allowing the healing of surrounding tissues. Performing root canal therapy includes the usage of different chemical-based irrigating medications for disinfecting root canal or endodontic space. The most commonly used chemical irrigating agents are sodium hypochlorite, chlorhexidine, or EDTA. Irrigation is a repeatedly used process that is performed for reducing the total bacterial count within any root canal(s). To accomplish good irrigation, large assortments of irrigating medications are commercially available as of this day. However, these agents or drugs may prove to be toxic, have various safety concerns, and may exhibit various side effects. Due to this reason, different alternatives of herbal derivation are used as endodontic or root canal irrigants as these have distinctly high safety profiles and are less cytotoxic. Herbal irrigating products are largely popular as a result of ease of availability, greater cost-effectiveness, and increase in shelf life as well as low degree of toxicity. In recent years, an increase in the trend for seeking natural-based remedies in all types of treatment protocols in dentistry is being explored. This branch of herbal medications is known as ‘ethnopharmacology’ or ‘phytotherapy’. Hence, the current review paper aims at an overview of various plant-derived endodontic irrigating agents along with their effectiveness in irrigating root canals during endodontic therapy.
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Dagna, Alberto. "Nickel-Titanium Single-file System in Endodontics." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 16, no. 10 (2015): 834–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-1766.
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ABSTRACT Aim This work describes clinical cases treated with a innovative single-use and single-file nickel-titanium (NiTi) system used in continuous rotation. Background Nickel-titanium files are commonly used for root canal treatment but they tend to break because of bending stresses and torsional stresses. Today new instruments used only for one treatment have been introduced. They help the clinician to make the root canal shaping easier and safer because they do not require sterilization and after use have to be discarded. A new sterile instrument is used for each treatment in order to reduce the possibility of fracture inside the canal. The new One Shape NiTi single-file instrument belongs to this group. Case description One Shape is used for complete shaping of root canal after an adequate preflaring. Its protocol is simple and some clinical cases are presented. It is helpful for easy cases and reliable for difficult canals. Conclusion After 2 years of clinical practice, One Shape seems to be helpful for the treatment of most of the root canals, with low risk of separation. After each treatment, the instrument is discarded and not sterilized in autoclave or re-used. Clinical significance This single-use file simplifies the endodontic therapy, because only one instrument is required for canal shaping of many cases. The respect of clinical protocol guarantees predictable good results. How to cite this article Dagna A. Nickel-Titanium Single-file System in Endodontics. J Contemp Dent Pract 2015;16(10): 834-839.
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Lokhande, Pravin R., Sethuraman Balaguru, and G. Deenadayalan. "A Review of Contemporary Fatigue Analysis and Biomaterials Studies in Endodontics." Materials Science Forum 969 (August 2019): 193–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.969.193.
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The objective of this review article is to review literature on fatigue analysis and biomaterials studies in Endodontics. The nitinol and gutta-percha are widely used biomaterials in the Endodontic fields. The nitinol is used to manufacture the Endodontic files which are used for preparation of the root canal. The preparation of the root canal consist of removal of dead tissue, substrates and debris from the decayed root canal. During the preparation of root canal shaping of the root canal is done to develop the perfectly prepared cavity. The gutta-percha is used to fill the prepared cavity. The nitinol and gutta-percha are important contributing biomaterial for success of root canal treatment. This review article has been reviewed contemporary studies on nitinol and gutta-percha biomaterials. For the success of root canal treatment the fatigue of Endodontic file and three dimensional filling of root canal are two important aspect. The Endodontic files during the cleaning and shaping of the canal gets subjected to torsion fatigue failure or cyclic fatigue failure. The past studies lacks the exact knowledge about these failures as well as analysis approaches to be followed for correct diagnosis. This review article helps to overcome this difficulties. Moreover, the fatigue factors are discussed so that researcher can get little idea about failure point of the nitinol rotary files. The review consist of A contemporary review of nitinol alloy studies, A review of fatigue failure diagnosis, A contemporary review of gutta-percha quality assessment techniques studies, A novel approach for fatigue analysis of nitinol file and A novel approach for quality assessment of gutta-percha etc.
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Kamin, Reshma, Vikram R, Ashwini P, Sudhanva ., Vijaylakshmi L, and Naveen Kumar N. "Continuous Soft Chelation in Endodontics." RGUHS Journal of Dental Sciences 14, no. 2 (2022): 9–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.26715/rjds.14_2_3.
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Chemome chanical debridement is accompanied by three-dimensional obturation of the root canal system in endodontic therapy. Endodontic irrigation requires sodium hypochlorite (NaOCl) as it dissolves organic matter and disinfects the root canal. The smear layer is removed by chelating agents. Since neither NaOCl nor the chelator ethylene diamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) fulfills the entire core function required for an ideal irrigating solution, both are concurrently used. As a result, continuous chelation was introduced. When a chelator is coupled with NaOCl, it has antibacterial and proteolytic properties and even the capacity to eliminate the smear layer. It is not only easier than traditional irrigation, but it also improves antimicrobial effectiveness, removal of dentinal debris, and bonding of root filling materials to dentin.
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Adham, Ayat H., Ahmed H. Ali, and Francesco Mannocci. "Continuous Chelation Concept in Endodontics." Journal of Baghdad College of Dentistry 34, no. 4 (December 15, 2022): 59–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.26477/jbcd.v34i4.3287.
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Background:Continuous chelation can be defined as the concept of using a single mix of a weak chelator with NaOCL throughout the entire root canal preparation procedure without causing a reduction in the antimicrobial and proteolytic activity of NaOCL. Etidronic acid, also known as "1-Hydroxyethylidene-1, 1-Bisphosphonate" HEBP, or HEDP, is a soft biocompatible chelator utilized in direct combination with sodium hypochlorite to form an all-in-one deproteinizing, disinfecting, and chelating solution. It's the only chelator available as a certified commercial product, "Dual Rinse HEDP," approved for endodontic usage. This review aims to analyze and bring up-to-date data about the continuous chelation protocol using a combination of HEDP with sodium hypochlorite in endodontic irrigation. Data: only papers that were published electronically were searched within the review. Sources: “Google Scholar”,” PubMed” websites were used for searching data by using the following keywords: : Bisphosphonates, Continuous chelation, Dual rinse HEDP, Etidronate, HEBP. The most relevant papers related to the topic were chosen, specifically the original articles and clinical studies, including only English-language articles from 2005 to September 2022. Conclusion:Combining a weak chelator with NaOCL solution, a single irrigation solution mixture with soft tissue dissolving ability and antibacterial properties with chelating capability can be created, which can be considered a good alternative to the conventional irrigation protocol (sequential irrigation) with NaOCL followed by using a strong chelator such as EDTA. The obvious benefit is that only one solution is required for root canal cleansing and decontamination, also decreasing the time for irrigation and providing better conditioning of root canal walls for root-filling materials
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Schmidt, Sina, Edgar Schäfer, Sebastian Bürklein, Arno Rohrbach, and David Donnermeyer. "Minimal Dentinal Tubule Penetration of Endodontic Sealers in Warm Vertical Compaction by Direct Detection via SEM Analysis." Journal of Clinical Medicine 10, no. 19 (September 27, 2021): 4440. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm10194440.
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Sealer staining using rhodamine B dye to investigate the penetration depth of endodontic sealers was proven unsuitable for this purpose. This study aimed to investigate the sealer penetration depth into dentinal tubules by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Root canals of 52 human upper central incisors were instrumented using the ProTaper Gold NiTi system (Dentsply Sirona, York, PA, USA) up to size F3. After irrigation with sodium hypochlorite and citric acid combined with ultrasonic activation, the root canals were either filled using the epoxy resin sealer AH Plus (Dentsply Sirona) or the calcium silicate-based sealer Total Fill BC Sealer HiFlow (TFHF, FKG Dentaire, La Chaux-de-Fonds, Switzerland) by warm vertical compaction. Root slices of 1 mm thickness were obtained at 2 to 3, 5 to 6 and 8 to 9 mm from the apex. The root slices were investigated for sealer penetration into the dentinal tubules using SEM according to four root quadrants (buccal, mesial, oral, distal). Statistical analysis was performed by the Kruskal-Wallis test (p = 0.05) as data were not normally distributed according to the Shapiro-Wilk test. AH Plus penetrated significantly deeper into the dentinal tubules compared to TFHF at each root level (p < 0.05). Dentinal sealer penetration was deeper in the bucco-oral direction compared to the mesio-distal direction. AH Plus penetrated deeper into dentinal tubules than TFHF. Warm vertical compaction exerting high pressure on the root canal filling material is not able to press sealers deep into dentinal tubules as penetration depth values did not exceed a mean of 110 µm in SEM.
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El-Kishawi, Mohamed, and Khaled Khalaf. "An Update on Root Canal Preparation Techniques and How to Avoid Procedural Errors in Endodontics." Open Dentistry Journal 15, no. 1 (August 24, 2021): 318–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210602115010318.
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Background: Effective root canal treatment involves cleaning and shaping root canals using a range of instrumentation procedures and techniques. The aim of this review was to provide an update on root canal hand instrumentation techniques and how to overcome iatrogenic errors. Methods: A comprehensive search was carried out using multiple databases, PubMed, Medline, Google scholar, and Scopus, to identify relevant studies addressing the objective of this study and to summarize the current evidence to readers. Keywords, i.e., endodontics, root canal preparation, hand instrumentation, techniques and procedural errors, as well as, MeSH terms, i.e. “endodontics”, “instrumentation”, “root canal preparation” were used to conduct our comprehensive search. Results: The hybrid technique is a commonly-used approach that combines the benefits of both the crown-down and step-back techniques and was reported to be one of the best techniques to produce an optimal root canal preparation outcome. Hand-instrument manipulation using the balanced forced technique is also favoured as it rapidly and safely permits removal of canal contents allowing irrigants and medications to reach deep inside canal spaces. Conclusion: The use of hand files is still recommended for initial canal negotiation and preparation and is essential for the correction of procedural errors. This study provided an update on several hand instrumentation techniques commonly used in endodontics. The correct and safe application of these techniques can prevent iatrogenic procedural errors from occurring which optimizes the quality of treatment outcome.
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Orekhova, L. Yu, T. V. Porkhun, V. Y. Vashneva, and E. A. Rubezhova. "Application of ultrasound in endodontics." Stomatologist. Minsk, no. 3(26) (September 2017): 21–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.32993/stomatologist.2017.3(26).2.
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The aim of this study is to evaluate the efficiency of ultrasound in endodontic practice in various clinical cases. Objects and methods. Extracted teeth, divided into 2 experimental groups, were used to assess the degree of the tooth cavity cleaning. In the first group, the tooth cavity was treated mechanically and medically without ultrasound use. In the second group, the tooth cavity was treated mechanically and medically with ultrasound use. Ultrasound treatment was found to improve significantly the level of tooth cavity cleaning at the preparatory stage for endodontic treatment. Extracted teeth, divided into 3 experimental groups were used in our study to demonstrate the efficiency of passive ultrasonic irrigation. Results and discussion. The results of scanning electron microscopy of extracted teeth slices which show the level of purification of the root canal previously treated mechanically and medically are attached to the article. Our research leads to the conclusion that the activation of the irrigation solution with sound or ultrasound leads to significant increase in quality of root canal cleaning. The article presents 3 clinical cases of ultrasound application in procedure of extraction a silver post, a fiberglass post and a fragment of the canal filling instrument from the root canal. The research has found that use of ultrasound in modern endodontic practice facilitates the extraction of intracanal posts and instrument fragments, with duration of intervention being reduced and the possibility of saving the tooth in complicated clinical cases being increased. Conclusion. The results of the research lead to the conclusion that ultrasound should be used almost at every stage of endodontic treatment.
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Abou khalaf, Yasmine, Ahmed Hashem, wael kamel, and mahmoud badr. "Postoperative Pain After Different Root Canal Irrigant Activation Postoperative Pain After Different Root Canal Irrigant Activation Methods; (Randomized Clinical Trial) Methods; (Randomized Clinical Trial)." future dental journal 7, no. 1 (June 1, 2021): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.54623/fdj.7011.
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Objective: This study was designated to evaluate postoperative pain in irreversible symptomatic teeth after different irrigation activation methods using visual analogue scale. Materials and Methods:78 Patients having symptomatic irreversible pulpitis in mandibular first molar (vital pulp) with no periapical involvement were involved in the study. Cases were classified into three groups according to the the final irrigation agitation method used, twenty-six patients each group (n=26). Group A: Root canals were irrigated using NaOCl2* 2.6% with NaviTip (31-gauge 27mm) with double side port irrigator tip (SVN). Group B: Root canals were irrigated using 2.6% NaOCl with manual dynamic agitation using master cone for 60 seconds. Group C: Root canals were irrigated using 2.6% NaOCl with mechanical agitation using ultrasonic device ultra-x for 60 seconds. Postoperative pain was evaluated after 6,12,24, 48, and 72 hours and 1 week. Data were explored for normality using Kolmogorov-Smirnov and Shapiro-Wilk tests and showed parametric (normal) distribution. Statistical analysis was performed with IBM® SPSS® Statistics Version 20 for Windows. Results: Severity of postoperative pain was more intense at 6- 12and 24-hour time intervals in group 2 patients than those patients in groups 1and 3 (P < .05). There was no significant difference among the groups at the other time intervals (P > .05). Severity of postoperative pain in all groups decreased over time. Conclusion: After endodontic therapy in lower molars with acute pulpitis manual dynamic agitation caused greater postoperative pain in comparison with the other methods in the first 24 hours.
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Mohammadi, Zahed, Sousan Shalavi, Amir Moeintaghavi, and Hamid Jafarzadeh. "A Review Over Benefits and Drawbacks of Combining Sodium Hypochlorite with Other Endodontic Materials." Open Dentistry Journal 11, no. 1 (December 26, 2017): 661–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874210601711010661.
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Introduction:As the root canal system considered to be complex and unpredictable, using root canal irrigants and medicaments are essential in order to enhance the disinfection of the canal. Sodium hypochlorite is the most common irrigant in endodontics. Despite its excellent antimicrobial activity and tissue solubility, sodium hypochlorite lacks some important properties such as substantivity and smear layer removing ability.Objective:The aim of this review was to address benefits and drawbacks of combining sodium hypochlorite with other root canal irrigants and medicaments.Discussion:According to the reviewed articles, NaOCl is the most common irrigation solution in endodontics. However, it has some drawbacks such as inability to remove smear layer. One of the drawbacks of NaOCl is its inability to remove the smear layer and lack of substantivity.Conclusion:The adjunctive use of other materials has been suggested to improve NaOCl efficacy. Nevertheless, further studies are required in this field.
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Kulsum, Umme. "Success Rate of Root Canal Treatment by Conventional Root Canal Therapy Without Using Intracanal Medicament in Infected Canals." BIRDEM Medical Journal 7, no. 3 (August 30, 2017): 221–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/birdem.v7i3.33784.
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Background: Root canal system, when becomes infected is managed by thorough debridement and specific shaping of the root canal. It is to be followed by a specific type of filling. The ultimate goal of these approaches is to create an environment in which the bodys immune system can produce healing of the apical periodontal attachment apparatus. Thorough debridement and shaping are carried out usually by biomechanical preparation of root canal system along with intracranial medicament. The use of intracanal medicaments is still debatable. This study was designed to evaluate the usefulness of root canal treatment without using any biomedical preparation.Methods: The study was carried out in the Department of Conservative Dentistry and Endodontics, BSMMU, Dhaka July 2003 to July 2004. In the present study, 36 cases of endodontically involved infected teeth were treated by conventional root canal treatment without using intracanal medicaments and patients were followed up at 6 and 12 months after root canal treatment.Results: At 6 and 12 months follow up, an overall treatment success was revealed in clinical and radiological findings.Conclusion: It is the biomechanical preparation of the canal which decides the success rate of root canal treatment of infected teeth, not the use or nonuse of intracanal medicament.Birdem Med J 2017; 7(3): 221-223
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Akshay Jaiswal, Anuja Ikhar, Pradnya Nikhade, Manoj Chandak, Rushikesh Bhonde, Samrudhi Kathod, Saurabh Rathi, and Kajol Relan. "Lasers in Endodontic: A review." International Journal of Research in Pharmaceutical Sciences 12, no. 1 (January 6, 2021): 150–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijrps.v12i1.3970.
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Since the development of ruby laser by Maiman in 1960 & application of laser for endodontics by Weichman in 1971, a variety of papers on potential applications for lasers in endodontics have been published. Lasers have been a significant advancement in the field of endodontics. Be it effective cleaning, root canal treatment, surgery etc. The lateral accessory canals and anatomical complexities have been a restraint in root canal procedure, for such cases lasers have been introduced to simplify the process & have good clinical results. As there has been a boon in the improvement of laser techniques, many latest lasers having a broad array of characteristics is accessible and can also be helpful in several areas related to dentistry. When compared with conventional techniques, laser treatments has been proven to be more advantageous. The purpose of this article is to summarize laser applications in endodontics, including their use in pulp diagnosis, dentinal hypersensitivity, pulp capping and pulpotomy, sterilization of root canals, root canal shaping & obturation & apicectomy. This article reviews the role of lasers in endodontics since the early 1970s & summarizes what future may hold for endodontics. With the potential availability of many new laser wavelengths and modes, much interest is developing in this promising field.
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Abdulwahab, Maha A., Lama A. Alghamdi, Nawaf A. Alshamrani, Khalid M. Alharbi, Salem M. Alghamdi, Amjad M. Alshamrani, Jumanah K. Hamouh, et al. "Advantages and application of ultrasonic irrigation in endodontics." International Journal Of Community Medicine And Public Health 9, no. 1 (December 27, 2021): 343. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2394-6040.ijcmph20214813.
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In the current practice, evidence shows that the currently used irrigant solutions (including sodium hypochlorite combined with and without chlorhexidine or ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) cannot achieve full cleaning outcomes of the root canal. Accordingly, recent approaches were directed to innovate more efficacious modalities that can overcome the limitations of manual instrumentation and irrigation solutions. In this context, ultrasonic irrigation has been described in the literature as a favorable approach with significantly enhanced outcomes. We have provided evidence regarding the use of ultrasonic irrigation in endodontics. Our findings indicate that passive ultrasonic irrigation is more effective than manual instrumentation in eradicating debris and achieving favorable disinfection. Besides, it has been evidenced that the modality significantly reduces the time to achieve favorable treatment outcomes compared with the traditional approaches. It has been furtherly shown that more favorable outcomes were associated with the combined use of passive ultrasonic irrigation with manual instrumentation. Therefore, it has been suggested that manual instrumentation should be used at the initial phase to achieve adequate preparation, and passive ultrasonic irrigation should be used later on to achieve root canal cleaning.
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Allen, Francis W. "Part 1: “I would Rather have a Root Canal than...” Francis W Allen discusses the challenges of cleaning the canal thoroughly to minimize pain and ensure long-term success." World Journal of Dentistry 1, no. 1 (2010): 21–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10015-1005.
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ABSTRACT Cleaning and shaping of root canal system forms the most important step in root canal root canal therapy. Unfortunately most of the instruments and techniques advocated are unable to remove residual debris and bacteria, ultimately resulting in pain and failure. To eliminate the causes of pain, and ensure success, we must use instruments and employ a technique that can best accomplish proper cleaning and shaping. Virtually all canals have parallel walls, and are curved and oval in shape. Hence tapered instruments are unable to clean the canal effectively and increase the chances of ledges and transportation and extrusion of debris beyond the apex. With the introduction of Light Speed technology primary goal of endodontics which includes removal of debris safely and effectively can be achieved. This article focuses on the use of Light Speed technology to overcome the difficulties posed by the other instrumentation and techniques to achieve debris and bacteria free canal system.
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Inasu, Shiny, and Biju Thomas. "Management of endo perio lesion with class iii furcation defect –A case report." Journal of Dental Panacea 3, no. 3 (November 15, 2021): 134–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.18231/j.jdp.2021.028.
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The primary aim of periodontal and endodontic therapy is to restore the lost periodontium and maintain the natural dentition. An ideal endodontic treatment involves removal of any infected pulp completely, preventing or minimizing any chances of reinfection, with proper irrigation and drying of canals, care to be taken not to break any file during cleaning and shaping of canals, proper obturation and not over or under filling of canals, proper sealing, proper restoration and an ideal crown placement. An ideal periodontal treatment involves scaling and root planing, proper reflection of flap to visualize the furcation areas, removal of diseased soft tissue surrounding the lesion and furcation areas and giving adequate oral hygiene instructions. Based on grade of furcation defects, suitable treatment modalities should be chosen. This case report aims at managing an endo-perio lesion involving class III furcation defect using tunneling technique.
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Mohammadi, Zahed, Sousan Shalavi, Jun-Ichiro Kinoshita, Hamid Jafarzadeh, and Luciano Giardino. "Lasers in Apicoectomy: A Brief Review." Journal of Contemporary Dental Practice 18, no. 2 (2017): 170–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5005/jp-journals-10024-2010.
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ABSTRACT Since the invention of laser, various applications for lasers in endodontics have been proposed, such as disinfection of the root canal system, canal shaping, pulp diagnosis, and apicoectomy. One of the major applications of laser in endodontics is apicoectomy. The aim of this article is to review the benefits and drawbacks of laser applications in apicoectomy, including effect on apical seal, effect on dentin permeability, effect on postsurgery pain, effect on crack formation, effect on root-end morphology, effect on treatment outcome, and connective tissue response to laser-treated dentin. How to cite this article Mohammadi Z, Jafarzadeh H, Shalavi S, Kinoshita J-I, Giardino L. Lasers in Apicoectomy: A Brief Review. J Contemp Dent Pract 2017;18(2):170-173.