Relevant bibliographies by topics / Endo selective

Academic literature on the topic 'Endo selective'

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Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 28 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Endo selective"

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Fujiwara, Kenshu, Hirohumi Mishima, Arika Amano, Tetsuo Tokiwano, and Akio Murai. "La(OTf)3-catalyzed 7-endo and 8-endo selective cyclizations of hydroxy epoxides." Tetrahedron Letters 39, no. 5-6 (January 1998): 393–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0040-4039(97)10557-3.

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Parasram, Marvin, Viktor O. Iaroshenko, and Vladimir Gevorgyan. "Endo-Selective Pd-Catalyzed Silyl Methyl Heck Reaction." Journal of the American Chemical Society 136, no. 52 (December 17, 2014): 17926–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja5104525.

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Bridge, Benjamin J., Paul D. Boyle, and Johanna M. Blacquiere. "endo-Selective Iron Catalysts for Intramolecular Alkyne Hydrofunctionalization." Organometallics 39, no. 14 (July 6, 2020): 2570–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.organomet.0c00307.

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BECKMANN, M., T. MEYER, F. SCHULZ, and E. WINTERFELDT. "ChemInform Abstract: Face-Selective and endo-Selective Cycloadditions with Enantiomerically Pure Cyclopentadienes." ChemInform 26, no. 20 (August 18, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199520101.

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Lording, William J., Thomas Fallon, Michael S. Sherburn, and Michael N. Paddon-Row. "The simplest Diels–Alder reactions are not endo-selective." Chemical Science 11, no. 43 (2020): 11915–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0sc04553e.

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Tanase, Constantin I., Constantin Draghici, Catalina Negut, and Lucia Pintilie. "New Constrained Amines in a Bicyclo[2.2.1]Heptane Skeleton." Revista de Chimie 69, no. 9 (October 15, 2018): 2448–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.18.9.6551.

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In this paper we present an efficient procedure for obtaining ether-protected bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane amines in six steps, from an optically active keto-alcohol norbornane compound, for building the heterocyclic bases of pyrimidine and purine constrained nucleosides. Trityl as protecting group makes it possible to isolate 5-endo-compounds in pure form by selective crystallization, and to isolate the intermediates in the next 3 steps of the reaction by crystallization. With TBDMS, all compounds were obtained as oil. The direct selective reduction of the keto-alcohol norbornane compound gave the pure 5-endo-diol 4d in high yield, which was then selectively protected at the primary hydroxyl with a trityl group; the next steps are similar for obtaining the trityl-protected bicyclo[2.2.1]heptane amine. The azide intermediates are valuable intermediates for click chemistry.
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Christov, Plamen P., Surajit Banerjee, Michael P. Stone, and Carmelo J. Rizzo. "Selective Incision of theα-N5-Methyl-Formamidopyrimidine Anomer byEscherichia coliEndonuclease IV." Journal of Nucleic Acids 2010 (2010): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2010/850234.

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Formamidopyrimidines (Fapy) lesions result from ring opening of the imidazole portion of purines. Fapy lesions can isomerize from the naturalβ-anomeric stereochemistry to theα-configuration. We have unambiguously demonstrated that theα-methyl-Fapy-dG (MeFapy-dG) lesion is a substrate forEscherichia coliEndonuclease IV (Endo IV). Treatment of a MeFapy-dG-containing 24 mer duplex with Endo IV resulted in 36–40% incision. The catalytic efficiency of the incision was comparable to that ofα-dG in the same duplex sequence. Theα- andβ-MeFapy-dG anomers equilibrate to ~21 : 79 ratio over ~3 days. Related studies with a duplex containing theα-Fapy-dG lesion derived from aflatoxin B1epoxide (α-AFB-Fapy-dG) showed only low levels of incision. It is hypothesized that the steric bulk of the aflatoxin moiety interferes with the binding of the substrate to Endo IV and the incision chemistry.
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Tesz, Gregory J., Myriam Aouadi, Matthieu Prot, Sarah M. Nicoloro, Emilie Boutet, Shinya U. Amano, Anca Goller, et al. "Glucan particles for selective delivery of siRNA to phagocytic cells in mice." Biochemical Journal 436, no. 2 (May 13, 2011): 351–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20110352.

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Phagocytic macrophages and dendritic cells are desirable targets for potential RNAi (RNA interference) therapeutics because they often mediate pathogenic inflammation and autoimmune responses. We recently engineered a complex 5 component glucan-based encapsulation system for siRNA (small interfering RNA) delivery to phagocytes. In experiments designed to simplify this original formulation, we discovered that the amphipathic peptide Endo-Porter forms stable nanocomplexes with siRNA that can mediate potent gene silencing in multiple cell types. In order to restrict such gene silencing to phagocytes, a method was developed to entrap siRNA–Endo-Porter complexes in glucan shells of 2–4 μm diameter in the absence of other components. The resulting glucan particles containing fluorescently labelled siRNA were readily internalized by macrophages, but not other cell types, and released the labelled siRNA into the macrophage cytoplasm. Intraperitoneal administration of such glucan particles containing siRNA–Endo-Porter complexes to mice caused gene silencing specifically in macrophages that internalized the particles. These results from the present study indicate that specific targeting to phagocytes is mediated by the glucan, whereas Endo-Porter peptide serves both to anchor siRNA within glucan particles and to catalyse escape of siRNA from phagosomes. Thus we have developed a simplified siRNA delivery system that effectively and specifically targets phagocytes in culture or in intact mice.
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Rigby, James H., Robert C. Hughes, and Mary Jane Heeg. "Endo-Selective Cyclization Pathways in the Intramolecular Heck Reaction." Journal of the American Chemical Society 117, no. 29 (July 1995): 7834–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ja00134a040.

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FUJIWARA, K., H. MISHIMA, A. AMANO, T. TOKIWANO, and A. MURAI. "ChemInform Abstract: La(OTf)3-Catalyzed 7-endo and 8-endo Selective Cyclizations of Hydroxy Epoxides." ChemInform 29, no. 14 (June 23, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.199814142.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Endo selective"

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Morten, Christopher J. (Christopher John). "Endo-selective epoxide-opening cascades in water." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/65271.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2011.
Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Chapter I. Introduction to the Ladder Polyethers. We introduce the bioactivity of the ladder polyether natural products and provide an overview of the puzzle that is their biogenesis. Cascades of endo-selective epoxide opening inspired by the biosynthetic proposal and promoted by simple neutral water can provide efficient access to these compounds. Chapter II. Water-Promoted Epoxide Opening Accommodates Methyl Substitution. ... Methyl (Me) substitution poses a challenge to the achievement of endo-selective epoxide-opening cascades, as these groups can direct the regioselectivity of epoxide opening. Water as reaction solvent and promoter overcomes such directing effects and enables the incorporation of proximally Me-substituted epoxides into endo-selective cascades. However, Me-substituted epoxides do reduce the overall efficiency of cascades. Chapter III. Kinetics of an Epoxide-Opening Cascade Promoted by Neutral Water. Evidence for a Stepwise Mechanism. ... Detailed investigation of the kinetics of an endo-selective epoxide-opening cascade in water reveals a stepwise mechanism, not a concerted one. While the first step proceeds with poor rate and selectivity, the second cyclization, which is templated by a fused THP diad, proceeds with excellent endo selectivity. Chapter IV. Preliminary Investigation of a Dioxane Template for Endo-Selective Epoxide-Opening Cyclization. ... Use of a 1,3-dioxane as template ring, a methylene acetal engenders endoselective epoxide opening under both acidic and basic conditions. Cyclization in neutral water proceeds with superb endo selectivity. Chapter V. Progress Toward the Synthesis of Gambierol via Endo-Selective Epoxide-Opening Cascades Promoted by Water. ... We report progress toward the biomimetic total synthesis of the ladder polyether gambierol. The FGH ring system has been synthesized in a 20 step longest linear sequence, via an endo-selective epoxide-opening cascade promoted by water. Chapter VI. Conclusion: Potential Implications of the Foregoing Work on the Biosynthesis of the Ladder Polyethers. We summarize lessons learned from in vitro emulation of the hypothesized biosynthesis of the ladder polyethers and speculate on the possibility of ring junction methylation subsequent to the epoxide-opening cascade step.
by Christopher J. Morten.
Ph.D.
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Vilotijević, Ivan. "Directing group-free endo-selective epoxide-opening cascades." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/57703.

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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Chemistry, 2010.
Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (p. 108-112).
[image] The proposed biogenesis of the ladder polyethers features a dramatic series of epoxide opening reactions, elegantly accounts for the structural and stereochemical features of all related natural products, and, in principle, could significantly simplify the synthesis of these extraordinarily complex molecules. In practice, however, such cascades are strongly disfavored, and non-natural directing groups must be covalently attached to each epoxide to overcome this inherent bias. We report herein a general method for directing group-free cascades that also supports the postulated biosynthesis. The two salient aspects of this strategy are a single design principle (a template) and a promoter that both donates and accepts hydrogen bonds. Water is the superior promoter, and it is most effective at approximately pH 7.
by Ivan Vilotijević.
Ph.D.
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Halkina, Tamara. "Studies on the total synthesis of gambierol via endo-selective epoxide-opening cascades." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/103508.

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Thesis: Ph. D. in Organic Chemistry, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Department of Chemistry, 2016.
Vita. Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references.
Progress towards the total synthesis of gambierol inspired by the biosynthetic hypothesis for ladder polyethers is described. Syntheses of the ABCD and FGH fragments have been completed in 29 and 3 1 steps, respectively, using water-promoted endo-selective epoxide-opening cascades to construct the poly-THP motifs. The concentration and temperature effects in the waterpromoted cascades were examined, and an operationally simple protocol was developed for the synthesis of polycyclic cascade products on multigram scale. [diagram] A sulfone tether between the ABCD and FGH fragments was used to facilitate an intramolecular olefination via the Ramberg-Backlund reaction. The highly site-selective hydrogenation of the fragment coupling alkene in the presence of H-ring alkene was developed using Noyori's hydrogenation catalyst, and several ring E cyclization precursors were subsequently prepared from C21 ketone. Investigation of a variety of methods for the C21-0 bond construction revealed a remarkably general spiroketalization pathway, which was previously unprecedented in ladder polyether synthesis and invariably led to the isolation of undesired 6,6-spiroketal products under most conditions. We have hypothesized that the presence of the FG ring junction methyl group disfavors the desired cyclization by exerting destabilizing 1,3-diaxial strain onto the newly forming ring junction of the requisite oxepane. We have therefore proposed that future studies examine the reverse direction for the synthesis of ring E via C16-0 bond formation. This approach would require installation of the tertiary alcohol on ring F prior to cyclization and would thus avoid the undesired reactivity resulting from the steric effects of the FG ring junction methyl group. [diagram]
by Tamara Halkina.
Ph. D. in Organic Chemistry
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Geminiani, Lorenzo. "Synthetic studies towards a new fulvestrant analogue." Master's thesis, Alma Mater Studiorum - Università di Bologna, 2016. http://amslaurea.unibo.it/10004/.

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A study towards the synthesis of a new fulvestrant analogue with improved bioavailability was carried out. In this work a twelve-step synthetic route starting from β-estradiol was optimized and a palladium (Pd)-catalyzed endo-selective Heck reaction for the functionalization of an advanced intermediate was investigated.
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Boussaha, Basma El Amel. "Response selection for end-to-end retrieval-based dialogue systems." Thesis, Nantes, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019NANT4080.

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Le besoin croissant en assistance humaine a poussé les chercheurs à développer des systèmes de dialogue automatiques, intelligents et infatigables qui conversent avec les humains dans un langage naturel pour devenir soit leurs assistants virtuels ou leurs compagnons. L’industrie des systèmes de dialogue est devenue populaire cette dernière décennie, ainsi, plusieurs systèmes ont été développés par des industriels comme des académiques. Dans le cadre de cette thèse, nous étudions les systèmes de dialogue basés sur la recherche de réponse qui cherchant la réponse la plus appropriée à la conversation parmi un ensemble de réponses prédéfini. Le défi majeur de ces systèmes est la compréhension de la conversation et l’identification des éléments qui décrivent le problème et la solution qui sont souvent implicites. La plupart des approches récentes sont basées sur des techniques d’apprentissage profond qui permettent de capturer des informations implicites. Souvent, ces approches sont complexes ou dépendent fortement du domaine. Nous proposons une approche de recherche de réponse de bout en bout, simple, efficace et indépendante du domaine et qui permet de capturer ces informations implicites. Nous effectuons également plusieurs analyses afin de déterminer des pistes d’amélioration
The increasing need of human assistance pushed researchers to develop automatic, smart and tireless dialogue systems that can converse with humans in natural language to be either their virtual assistant or their chat companion. The industry of dialogue systems has been very popular in the last decade and many systems from industry and academia have been developed. In this thesis, we study retrieval-based dialogue systems which aim to find the most appropriate response to the conversation among a set of predefined responses. The main challenge of these systems is to understand the conversation and identify the elements that describe the problem and the solution which are usually implicit. Most of the recent approaches are based on deep learning techniques which can automatically capture implicit information. However these approaches are either complex or domain dependent. We propose a simple, end-to-end and efficient retrieval-based dialogue system that first matches the response with the history of the conversation on the sequence-level and then we extend the system to multiple levels while keeping the architecture simple and domain independent. We perform several analyzes to determine possible improvements
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O'Neill, Finbarr Gerard. "Mathematical model of trawl cod-end geometry." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.265381.

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To ensure that the conservation regulations which govern fishing gears are effective, they must be based on an understanding of the process by which fish are selected. The region where most fish selection is considered to take place is the cod-end, the aftmost part of a trawl net and the region where the catch accumulates. In recent years, it has become increasingly apparent that fish selection in the cod-end is dependent on a range of physical, environmental and fish behavioural parameters. Essential to a study of any of these parameters is a knowledge of the cod-end geometry which is determined by the interaction of the water flow, the catch size and the design and physical characteristics of the netting. In this thesis a continuum model of the deformation of a class of axisymmetric networks is developed where the mesh elements are reflection symmetric, the mesh bars are extensible and where arbitrary membrane forces act in the plane of the net, normal to the edges of the mesh elements. When applied to the fishing industry this provides a continuum model of the geometry of an axisymmetric trawl cod-end made from netting of a generalized mesh shape. It is shown how mesh shapes that are of interest to the fishing industry can be investigated, and the geometry of cod-ends made from diamond shaped mesh under the influence of various types of pressure loads is examined in detail. A qualitative description of the hydrodynamic forces that act on the cod-end catch is presented and it is shown that the predictions based on this description are consistent with experimental results from a series of wind tunnel trials. Using this description of the hydrodynamic forces the effect on cod-end geometry of mesh resistance to opening which arises as a result of twine flexural rigidity is examined.
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Nawaz, Muhammad Asif. "How terrorism ends: the impact of lethality of terrorist groups on their longevity." Diss., Kansas State University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35788.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Security Studies Interdepartmental Program
Andrew G. Long
David R. Stone
This dissertation research examines the effect of organizational lethality on the longevity of terrorist groups. The current scholarship has sought to understand the demise of terrorist groups through means such as group success, government repression, negotiations, internal conflict, reorientation of goals, defeat, leadership decapitation and loss of public support. However, little research is available on the determinants of terrorists’ target selection and its implications for the group’s longevity. This study evaluates the targeting patterns and preferences of 480 terrorist groups that were operational between 1980 and 2011 and disaggre- gates the victims of all terrorist attacks into combatant versus non-combatant target-types. It is hypothesized that organizational lethality – defined as the average number of civilian killings generated by each group in its home-base country – is associated with negative group reputation, which results in faster group mortality. Popular support for violence, however, can influence and result from terrorism at the same time and has been found to be inherently endogenous by many previous studies. Therefore, a Seemingly Unrelated Bivariate Probit Model is employed to examine this endogenous relationship, and the results confirm that there is a significant correlation between negative group reputation and group mortality. Moreover, the study differentiates between terrorist group activity – defined as average at- tacks generated by a group – and group lethality, and employs the Cox Proportional Hazard Model to estimate group duration. The study includes covariates like group size, ideology, positive consistency reputation and other factors affecting group longevity and mortality. The results imply that organizational lethality is associated with higher political risks for terrorist groups and tends to backfire by decreasing their survival probability. However, on the other hand, the study finds that an escalation in terrorist activity (launching more attacks) significantly increase the group longevity over time. The results of this study are tested by conducting group-specific case studies on the Afghan and Pakistani Taliban in Pak- istan using information collected from the English language Pakistani newspaper archives, and Harmony Database from Combat Terrorism Center at West Point, NY.
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Residegan, Katayun. "Critical success factors for selecting ideas in front-end of SME." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-188895.

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Front-end activities prior to the product and process development have been pointed out by studies to be an essential part in development of new products and processes. Here selecting ideas is found to be route cause of success and failures of the new product and process development outcomes. The existing studies concentrate on larger companies, where tools and processes often are not fitting into the SME which have different needs and settings and lack attention regarding effective and sustainable processes in the front-end. This thesis addresses the need for a more detailed view of the most important factors that influence selecting innovative ideas in SME, with a purpose to address these factors and improve them in the front end process of these companies.  For this, by means of extensive literature study on SME, front-End and idea selection theories, a theoretical model for critical success factors for idea selection is developed, containing 21 factors. These factors are divided in main aspects of Shared vision, Innovation strategy, Leadership and management, Appropriate, structure and organization, Key individuals. Subsequently this model is tested in a case study of Bioteria Technologies AB in which the company’s idea selection process is analysed with the model.  The empirical analysis and discussions resulted in learning about the status of the company against the factors from which propositions follow.  The outcome of the study is a model that can be used for addressing what the challenges and opportunities are for the SME related to improving or adopting an idea selection phase.
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Himbert, Esther. "Analysis of German real estate funds: selection criteria for investment opportunities perspective." Thesis, KTH, Fastigheter och byggande, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-147656.

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This study is focused on real estate funds formed in Germany and has two major purposes: first to investigate the liquidity crisis and followed change of the legal framework for German real estate funds and secondly to demonstrate the impact on investment selection criteria of German real estate investment companies . By both quantitative and qualitative methods the thesis approaches those two different purposes. The quantitative part provides theoretical background about the construct of open-end and closed-end real estate funds and about the triggers and effects of the liquidity crisis. The qualitative part consists of an online survey that was sent to German real estate investment companies in which respondents indicated their preferred criteria for real estate investment opportunities. Furthermore telephone interviews on this topic were conducted with four German real estate investment experts. In the end the findings from the survey and the interviews are applied to a case study about a trophy asset in Luxembourg, in order to analyze if this property meets the investment criteria of German real estate funds. The survey and the conducted interviews indicate that German real estate investment companies have adapted to the risk-averse investment behaviour of investors and preferably make safe haven investments in terms of the investment style, the location of the real estate asset and the characteristics of the property itself and its tenants. The case study as well confirms this result.
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Battenfield, Sarah. "Genomic selection and association mapping for wheat processing and end-use quality." Diss., Kansas State University, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2097/35219.

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Doctor of Philosophy
Genetics Interdepartmental Program
Allan K. Fritz
Globally, wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) is the second most widely grown cereal grain and is primarily used as a food crop. To meet the demands for human consumption, cultivars must possess suitable end-use quality for release and acceptability. However, breeding for quality traits is often considered a secondary goal, largely due to amount of seed needed and overall expense of such testing. Without testing and selection, many undesirable materials tend to be advanced. Here we demonstrate two methods, mega-genome-wide association mapping and genomic selection, to enhance selection accuracy for quality traits in the CIMMYT bread wheat breeding program. The methods were developed using high-density SNPs detected from genotyping-by-sequencing and processing and end-use quality evaluations from unbalanced yield trial entries (n = 4,095) during 2009 to 2014, at Ciudad Obregon, Sonora, Mexico. Genome-wide association mapping, with covariates for population structure and kinship, was applied for each trait to each site-year individually and results were combined across years in a mega-analysis using an inverse variance, fixed effect model in JMP-Genomics. This method presents a new way to detect genes of interest within a breeding program and develop markers for selection of these traits, which can then be used in earlier generations. Genomic selection prediction models were developed using ridge regression, Gaussian kernel, partial least squares, elastic net, and random forest models in R. With these predictions genomic selection (GS) can be applied at earlier stages and undesirable materials culled before implementing expensive yield and quality screenings. In general, prediction accuracy increased over time as more data was available to train the model. Based on these prediction accuracies, we conclude that genomic selection can be a useful tool to facilitate earlier generation selection for end-use quality in CIMMYT bread wheat breeding. Genomic selection was conducted for processing and end-use quality traits in the Kansas hard red winter wheat breeding unit. Genomic predictions demonstrate increases in accuracy with added data over time. These data demonstrate that current genomic selection models will need more data to continue improvement in prediction accuracy.
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Books on the topic "Endo selective"

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Buckland, John A. Applications planning and selection. Carrollton, Tex: Chantico Pub. Co., 1988.

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Berg, Sibylle. Ende gut: Roman. Köln: Kiepenheuer & Witsch, 2004.

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Elder, Robert K. It was over when--: Tales of romantic dead ends. Naperville, Ill: Sourcebooks Casablanca, 2011.

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Dachauer, Symposium zur Zeitgeschichte (6th 2005 Dachau Germany). Terror nach innen: Verbrechen am Ende des Zweiten Weltkrieges. Göttingen: Wallstein, 2006.

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Walker, Geraldene. End-user searching: A selection of the literature for 1983-1988. Syracuse, N.Y: ERIC Clearinghouse on Information Resources, Syracuse University, 1988.

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Das Theater von Dea Loher: Brecht und (k)ein Ende. Bielefeld: Aisthesis, 2006.

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Martingale, Moira. A selective partially annotated bibliography of studies of William Shakespeare's "All's well that ends well" between 1950 and 1988. [s.l.]: typescript, 1990.

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F, Drach Robert, ed. High-return, low-risk investment: Using stock selection and market timing. 2nd ed. New York: McGraw-Hill, 1993.

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(1906), Deutsche Aksum-Expedition. In kaiserlichem Auftrag: Die Deutsche Aksum-Expedition 1906 unter Enno Littmann. Aichwald: Linden Soft, 2006.

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Schubert, Anselm. Das Ende der Sünde: Anthropologie und Erbsünde zwischen Reformation und Aufklärung. Göttingen: Vandenhoeck & Ruprecht, 2002.

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Book chapters on the topic "Endo selective"

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Roesky, Christian E. O., Mátyás Czugler, Edwin Weber, Torsten Krüger, Holger Stephan, and Karsten Gloe. "New endo-Functional Cryptophanes as Selective Complexants." In Molecular Recognition and Inclusion, 471–74. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-5288-4_86.

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Weik, Martin H. "end-of-selection character." In Computer Science and Communications Dictionary, 520. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/1-4020-0613-6_6209.

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Hörandner, Felix, Sebastian Ramacher, and Simon Roth. "Selective End-To-End Data-Sharing in the Cloud." In Information Systems Security, 175–95. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-36945-3_10.

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Bertram, Rosalyn, and Suzanne Kerns. "Beginning with the End in Mind." In Selecting and Implementing Evidence-Based Practice, 1–4. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-11325-4_1.

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Amarelli, Cristiano, Marianna Buonocore, Ciro Maiello, Andrea Montalto, and Georg Wieselthaler. "MCS Candidate Selection Criteria." In Mechanical Circulatory Support in End-Stage Heart Failure, 37–58. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-43383-7_4.

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Varshavsky, Alexander, Andreas Bachmair, Daniel Finley, David Gonda, and Ingrid Wünning. "The N-End Rule of Selective Protein Turnover." In Ubiquitin, 287–324. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-2049-2_12.

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Mix, Lucas John. "Genes and Natural Selection Finalize Nature." In The End of Final Causes in Biology, 121–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-14017-4_8.

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Ramacher, Rene, and Lars Mönch. "Dynamic Service Selection with End-to-End Constrained Uncertain QoS Attributes." In Service-Oriented Computing, 237–51. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-34321-6_16.

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Habyarimana, Ephrem, and Sofia Michailidou. "Genomic Prediction and Selection in Support of Sorghum Value Chains." In Big Data in Bioeconomy, 207–18. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-71069-9_16.

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AbstractGenomic prediction and selection models (GS) were deployed as part of DataBio project infrastructure and solutions. The work addressed end-user requirements, i.e., the need for cost-effectiveness of the implemented technologies, simplified breeding schemes, and shortening the time to cultivar development by selecting for genetic merit. Our solutions applied genomic modelling in order to sustainably improve productivity and profits. GS models were implemented in sorghum crop for several breeding scenarios. We fitted the best linear unbiased predictions data using Bayesian ridge regression, genomic best linear unbiased predictions, Bayesian least absolute shrinkage and selection operator, and BayesB algorithms. The performance of the models was evaluated using Monte Carlo cross-validation with 70% and 30%, respectively, as training and validation sets. Our results show that genomic models perform comparably with traditional methods under single environments. Under multiple environments, predicting non-field evaluated lines benefits from borrowing information from lines that were evaluated in other environments. Accounting for environmental noise and other factors, also this model gave comparable accuracy with traditional methods, but higher compared to the single environment model. The GS accuracy was comparable in genomic selection index, aboveground dry biomass yield and plant height, while it was lower for the dry mass fraction of the fresh weight. The genomic selection model performances obtained in our pilots are high enough to sustain sorghum breeding for several traits including antioxidants production and allow important genetic gains per unit of time and cost.
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Semenciuc, Eugeniu, Andra Pastrav, Tudor Palade, and Emanuel Puschita. "SDWN for End-to-End QoS Path Selection in a Wireless Network Ecosystem." In Lecture Notes of the Institute for Computer Sciences, Social Informatics and Telecommunications Engineering, 134–40. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-92213-3_20.

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Conference papers on the topic "Endo selective"

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McDonald, Frank, and K. Reddy. "Synthesis of Glycals and Oligosaccharides of Deoxysugars via Catalytic Endo-Selective Alkynol Cycloisomerization." In The 4th International Electronic Conference on Synthetic Organic Chemistry. Basel, Switzerland: MDPI, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ecsoc-4-01789.

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Van Nueten, J. M., W. J. Janssens, and F. De Clerck. "VASOCONSTRICTION IN RESPONSE TO HUMAN PLATELET-VESSEL WALL INTERACTIONS." In XIth International Congress on Thrombosis and Haemostasis. Schattauer GmbH, 1987. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1644598.

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Human blood platelets, stimulated with thrombin, induced contractions of isolated basilar artery segments of the dog. These platelet-mediated vascular contractions were inhibited in a concentration-dependent way by flunarizine, a Ca2+-entry blocker, selective for vascular tissues. This inhibition increased gradually as a function of time after contact with flunarizine to reach its maximum after 60-90 min. Biochemical and pharmacological analyses, using the 5-HT2-serotonergic antagonist ritanserin, the thromboxane A2/prostaglandin endo-peroxide antagonist BM 13.177 and the fatty acid cyclo-oxygenase inhibitor suprofen, showed that 5-hydroxytryptamine and prostanoids (thromboxane A2, prostaglandine endoperoxides) were the main mediators involved. They further suggested amplification between 5-hydroxytryptamine and prostanoids at the vascular level.(1) Incubation period; (2) Inhibition of platelet-mediated vascular contractions.This study demonstrates that 5-hydroxytryptamine, acting in concert with thromboxane A2 and/or prostaglandine-endoper-oxides, is responsible for the vasoconstrictor effects of aggregating platelets. It further indicates that influx of calcium ions is involved in these vasoconstrictor responses.
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Herbst, Lori A., and Paria Wilson. "End of Life Does Not Mean End of Care: Pediatric Resident Perspectives on End of Life Education*." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.392.

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Fu, Cheng, Xianpei Han, Le Sun, Bo Chen, Wei Zhang, Suhui Wu, and Hao Kong. "End-to-End Multi-Perspective Matching for Entity Resolution." In Twenty-Eighth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-19}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2019/689.

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Entity resolution (ER) aims to identify data records referring to the same real-world entity. Due to the heterogeneity of entity attributes and the diversity of similarity measures, one main challenge of ER is how to select appropriate similarity measures for different attributes. Previous ER methods usually employ heuristic similarity selection algorithms, which are highly specialized to specific ER problems and are hard to be generalized to other situations. Furthermore, previous studies usually perform similarity learning and similarity selection independently, which often result in error propagation and are hard to be optimized globally. To resolve the above problems, this paper proposes an end-to-end multi-perspective entity matching model, which can adaptively select optimal similarity measures for heterogenous attributes by jointly learning and selecting similarity measures in an end-to-end way. Experiments on two real-world datasets show that our method significantly outperforms previous ER methods.
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Holland, Shawnaka R. "Transport of the Patient with End Stage Lung Disease." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.734.

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Subburaj, K., P. Suresh, S. S. Anasane, B. Ravi, and M. G. Agarwal. "Geometry Driven Decision Support System for Knee Tumour Mega Endo-Prosthesis Components Selection." In ASME 2008 3rd Frontiers in Biomedical Devices Conference. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/biomed2008-38035.

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Modular endo-prostheses were introduced in 1980s with the intent of replacing custom made implants, which were criticized for lack of intra-operative flexibility, and high lead time and cost [1]. A typical modular prosthesis set may have as many as 200 components, making it difficult to select the right set of components in intra operative stage. An automated prosthesis selection methodology to limit the choice of prosthesis components with a qualitative tag such as: (1) ‘most suitable’, (2) ‘probably suitable’, and (3) ‘not suitable’, will greatly help the surgeons. This article describes a computer aided decision support system for selecting endo-prosthesis components driven by anatomical data of the patient. The methodology is explained with a case study of distal femur replacement.
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Brinlee, Madison A., Megan J. Thorvilson, Aubrey J. Manahan, Brenda M. Schiltz, and Christopher A. Collura. "Homeward Bound: enhanced Cross Cultural Care at End of Life Through Pediatric Palliative Transport." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.382.

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Rolfes, Mary, Kiri Sunde, Amie Jones, and Stephanie Starr. "Peer-designed Parents’ Bereavement Panel: Exposing First-year Medical Students to Pediatric End-of-life Care." In Selection of Abstracts From NCE 2016. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/peds.141.1_meetingabstract.387.

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Chen, Han, and Yaoyao F. Zhao. "Learning Algorithm Based Modeling and Process Parameters Recommendation System for Binder Jetting Additive Manufacturing Process." In ASME 2015 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2015-47627.

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Binder Jetting (BJ) process is an additive manufacturing process in which powder materials are selectively joined by binder materials. Products can be manufactured layer by layer directly from 3D model data. It is not always easy for manufacturing engineers to choose proper BJ process parameters to meet the end-product quality and fabrication time requirements. This is because the quality properties of the products fabricated by BJ process are significantly affected by the process parameters. And the relationships between process parameters and quality properties are very complicated. In this paper, a process model is developed by Backward Propagation (BP) Neural Network (NN) algorithm based on 16 groups of orthogonal experiment designed by Taguchi Method to express the relationships between 4 key process parameters and 2 key quality properties. Based on the modeling results, an intelligent parameters recommendation system is developed to predict end-product quality properties and printing time, and to recommend process parameters selection based on the process requirements. It can be used as a guideline for selecting the proper printing parameters in BJ to achieve the desired properties and help to reduce the printing time.
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Meden, Blaz, Peter Peer, and Vitomir Struc. "Selective Face Deidentification with End-to-End Perceptual Loss Learning." In 2018 IEEE International Work Conference on Bioinspired Intelligence (IWOBI). IEEE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/iwobi.2018.8464214.

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Reports on the topic "Endo selective"

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Beuermann, Diether, Andrea Ramos Bonilla, and Marco Stampini. Interactions between Conditional Cash Transfers and Preferred Secondary Schools in Jamaica. Inter-American Development Bank, December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0003862.

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We explore whether the academic benefit from attending a preferred secondary school differs between beneficiaries and non-beneficiaries of the Jamaican Conditional Cash Transfer Program, Programme of Advancement through Health and Education (PATH). The academic outcomes assessed include end of secondary and post-secondary high-stakes examinations independently administered by the Caribbean Examinations Council. Among girls, receiving PATH benefits before secondary school enrollment does not influence the academic gains from attending a more selective school. However, boys who received PATH benefits prior to secondary school enrollment benefit significantly less from subsequently attending a more selective school with respect to comparable peers who did not receive PATH benefits. These results suggest negative dynamic interactions between PATH and selective secondary schools among boys.
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Slattery, Kevin, and Kirk A. Rogers. Internal Boundaries of Metal Additive Manufacturing: Future Process Selection. SAE International, March 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/epr2022006.

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In the early days, there were significant limitations to the build size of laser powder bed fusion (L-PBF) additive manufacturing (AM) machines. However, machine builders have addressed that drawback by introducing larger L-PBF machines with expansive build volumes. As these machines grow, their size capability approaches that of directed energy deposition (DED) machines. Concurrently, DED machines have gained additional axes of motion which enable increasingly complex part geometries—resulting in near-overlap in capabilities at the large end of the L-PBF build size. Additionally, competing technologies, such as binder jet AM and metal material extrusion, have also increased in capability, albeit with different starting points. As a result, the lines of demarcation between different processes are becoming blurred. Internal Boundaries of Metal Additive Manufacturing: Future Process Selection examines the overlap between three prominent powder-based technologies and outlines an approach that a product team can follow to determine the most appropriate process for current and future applications.
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Medrano, Juan, Adam Friedmann, Moshe (Morris) Soller, Ehud Lipkin, and Abraham Korol. High resolution linkage disequilibrium mapping of QTL affecting milk production traits in Israel Holstein dairy cattle. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2008.7696509.bard.

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Original objectives: To create BAC contigs covering two QTL containing chromosomal regions (QTLR) and obtain BAC end sequence information as a platform for SNP identification. Use the SNPs to search for marker-QTL linkage disequilibrium (LD) in the test populations (US and Israel Holstein cattle). Identify candidate genes, test for association with dairy cattle production and functional traits, and confirm any associations in a secondary test population. Revisions in the course of the project: The selective recombinant genotyping (SRG) methodology which we implemented to provide moderate resolution QTL mapping turned out to be less effective than expected, due to problems introduced by incomplete marker informativity. This required a no-cost one-year extension of the project. Aside from this, the project was implemented essentially as envisaged, but only with respect to a single QTLR and single population association-test. Background to the topic. Dairy cattle breeders are looking to marker-assisted selection (MAS) as a means of identifying genetically superior sires and dams. MAS based on population-wide LD can be many times more effective than MAS based on within-family linkage mapping. In this proposal we developed a protocol leading from family based QTL mapping to population-wide LD between markers and the QTL Major conclusions, solutions, achievements. The critical importance of marker informativity for application of the SRG design in outcrossing random mating populations was identified, and an alternative Fractioned Pool Design (FPD) based on selective DNA pooling was developed. We demonstrated the feasibility of constructing a BAC contig across a targeted chromosomal region flanking the marker RM188 on bovine chromosome BTA4, which was shown in previous work to contain a QTL affecting milk production traits. BAC end sequences were obtained and successfully screened for SNPs. LD studies of these SNPs in the Israel population, and of an independent set of SNPs taken across the entire proximal region of BTA4 in the USA population, showed a much lower degree of LD than previously reported in the literature. Only at distances in the sub-cM level did an appreciable fraction of SNP marker-pairs show levels of LD useful for MAS. In contrast, studies in the Israel population using microsatellite markers, presented an equivalent degree of LD at a 1-5 separation distance. SNP LD appeared to reflect historical population size of Bostaurus (Ne=5000- 10,000), while microsatellite LD appeared to be in proportion to more recent effective population size of the Holstein breed (Ne=50-100). An appreciable fraction of the observed LD was due to Family admixture structure of the Holstein population. The SNPs MEOX2/IF2G (found within the gene SETMAR at 23,000 bp from RM188) and SNP23 were significantly associated with PTA protein, Cheese dollars and Net Merit Protein in the Davis bull resource population, and were also associated with protein and casein percentages in the Davis cow resource population. Implications. These studies document a major difference in degree of LD presented by SNPs as compared to microsatellites, and raise questions as to the source of this difference and its implications for QTL mapping and MAS. The study lends significant support to the targeted approach to fine map a previously identified QTL. Using high density genotyping with SNP discovered in flanking genes to the QTL, we have identified important markers associated with milk protein percentage that can be tested in markers assisted selection programs.
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Ternes, M. P. The National Fuel End-Use Efficiency Field Test: Energy Savings and Performance of an Improved Energy Conservation Measure Selection Technique. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), January 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/814091.

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Funkenstein, Bruria, and Cunming Duan. GH-IGF Axis in Sparus aurata: Possible Applications to Genetic Selection. United States Department of Agriculture, November 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2000.7580665.bard.

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Many factors affect growth rate in fish: environmental, nutritional, genetics and endogenous (physiological) factors. Endogenous control of growth is very complex and many hormone systems are involved. Nevertheless, it is well accepted that growth hormone (GH) plays a major role in stimulating somatic growth. Although it is now clear that most, if not all, components of the GH-IGF axis exist in fish, we are still far from understanding how fish grow. In our project we used as the experimental system a marine fish, the gilthead sea bream (Sparus aurata), which inhabits lagoons along the Mediterranean and Atlantic coasts of Europe, and represents one of the most important fish species used in the mariculture industry in the Mediterranean region, including Israel. Production of Sparus is rapidly growing, however, in order for this production to stay competitive, the farming of this fish species has to intensify and become more efficient. One drawback, still, in Sparus extensive culture is that it grows relatively slow. In addition, it is now clear that growth and reproduction are physiological interrelated processes that affect each other. In particular sexual maturation (puberty) is known to be closely related to growth rate in fish as it is in mammals, indicating interactions between the somatotropic and gonadotropic axes. The goal of our project was to try to identify the rate-limiting components(s) in Sparus aurata GH-IGF system which might explain its slow growth by studying the ontogeny of growth-related genes: GH, GH receptor, IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF receptor, IGF-binding proteins (IGFBPs) and Pit-1 during early stages of development of Sparus aurata larvae from slow and fast growing lines. Our project was a continuation of a previous BARD project and could be divided into five major parts: i) obtaining additional tools to those obtained in the previous project that are necessary to carry out the developmental study; ii) the developmental expression of growth-related genes and their cellular localization; iii) tissue-specific expression and effect of GH on expression of growth-related genes; iv) possible relationship between GH gene structure, growth rate and genetic selection; v) the possible role of the IGF system in gonadal development. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) The cDNAs (complete or partial) coding for Sparus IGFBP-2, GH receptor and Pit-1 were cloned. Sequence comparison reveals that the primary structure of IGFBP-2 protein is 43-49% identical to that of zebrafish and other vertebrates. Intensive efforts resulted in cloning a fragment of 138 nucleotides, coding for 46 amino acids in the proximal end of the intracellular domain of GH receptor. This is the first fish GH receptor cDNA that had been cloned to date. The cloned fragment will enable us to complete the GH - receptor cloning. 2) IGF-I, IGF-II, IGFBP-2, and IGF receptor transcripts were detected by RT-PCR method throughout development in unfertilized eggs, embryos, and larvae suggesting that these mRNAs are products of both the maternal and the embryonic genomes. Preliminary RT-PCR analysis suggest that GH receptor transcript is present in post-hatching larvae already on day 1. 3) IGF-1R transcripts were detected in all tissues tested by RT-PCR with highest levels in gill cartilage, skin, kidney, heart, pyloric caeca, and brain. Northern blot analysis detected IGF receptor only in gonads, brain and gill cartilage but not in muscle; GH increased slightly brain and gill cartilage IGF-1R mRNA levels. 4) IGFBP-2 transcript were detected only in liver and gonads, when analyzed by Northern blots; RT-PCR analysis revealed expression in all tissues studied, with the highest levels found in liver, skin, gonad and pyloric caeca. 5) Expression of IGF-I, IGF-II, IGF-1R and IGFBP-2 was analyzed during gonadal development. High levels of IGF-I and IGFBP-2 expression were found in bisexual young gonads, which decreased during gonadal development. Regardless of maturational stage, IGF-II levels were higher than those of IGF-L 6) The GH gene was cloned and its structure was characterized. It contains minisatellites of tandem repeats in the first and third introns that result in high level of genetic polymorphism. 7) Analysis of the presence of IGF-I and two types of IGF receptor by immunohistochemistry revealed tissue- and stage-specific expression during larval development. Immunohistochemistry also showed that IGF-I and its receptors are present in both testicular and ovarian cells. Although at this stage we are not able to pinpoint which is the rate-limiting step causing the slow growth of Sparus aurata, our project (together with the previous BARD) yielded a great number of experimental tools both DNA probes and antibodies that will enable further studies on the factors regulating growth in Sparus aurata. Our expression studies and cellular localization shed new light on the tissue and developmental expression of growth-related genes in fish.
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Gelb, Jr., Jack, Yoram Weisman, Brian Ladman, and Rosie Meir. Identification of Avian Infectious Brochitis Virus Variant Serotypes and Subtypes by PCR Product Cycle Sequencing for the Rational Selection of Effective Vaccines. United States Department of Agriculture, December 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2003.7586470.bard.

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Objectives 1. Determine the serotypic identities of 40 recent IBV isolates from commercial chickens raised in the USA and Israel. 2. Sequence all IBV field isolates using PCR product cycle sequencing and analyze their S 1 sequence to detennine their homology to other strains in the Genbank and EMBL databases. 3. Select vaccinal strains with the highest S 1 sequence homology to the field isolates and perform challenge of immunity studies in chickens in laboratory trials to detennine level of protection afforded by the vaccines. Background Infectious bronchitis (IB) is a common, economically important disease of the chicken. IB occurs as a respiratory form, associated with airsacculitis, condemnation, and mortality of meat-type broilers, a reproductive form responsible for egg production losses in layers and breeders, and a renal form causing high mortality in broilers and pullets. The causative agent is avian coronavirus infectious bronchitis virus (IBV). Replication of the virus' RNA genome is error-prone and mutations commonly result. A major target for mutation is the gene encoding the spike (S) envelope protein used by the virus to attach and infect the host cell. Mutations in the S gene result in antigenic changes that can lead to the emergence of variant serotypes. The S gene is able to tolerate numerous mutations without compromising the virus' ability to replicate and cause disease. An end result of the virus' "flexibility" is that many strains of IBV are capable of existing in nature. Once formed, new mutant strains, often referred to as variants, are soon subjected to immunological selection so that only the most antigenically novel variants survive in poultry populations. Many novel antigenic variant serotypes and genotypes have been isolated from commercial poultry flocks. Identification of the field isolates of IBV responsible for outbreaks is critical for selecting the appropriate strain(s) for vaccination. Reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) of the Sl subunit of the envelope spike glycoprotein gene has been a common method used to identify field strains, replacing other time-consuming or less precise tests. Two PCR approaches have been used for identification, restriction fragment length polymorphism (RFLP) and direct automated cycle sequence analysis of a diagnostically relevant hypervariab1e region were compared in our BARD research. Vaccination for IB, although practiced routinely in commercial flocks, is often not protective. Field isolates responsible for outbreaks may be unrelated to the strain(s) used in the vaccination program. However, vaccines may provide varying degrees of cross- protection vs. unrelated field strains so vaccination studies should be performed. Conclusions RFLP and S1 sequence analysis methods were successfully performed using the field isolates from the USA and Israel. Importantly, the S1 sequence analysis method enabled a direct comparison of the genotypes of the field strains by aligning them to sequences in public databases e.g. GenBank. Novel S1 gene sequences were identified in both USA and Israel IBVs but greater diversity was observed in the field isolates from the USA. One novel genotype, characterized in this project, Israel/720/99, is currently being considered for development as an inactivated vaccine. Vaccination with IBV strains in the US (Massachusetts, Arkansas, Delaware 072) or in Israel (Massachusetts, Holland strain) provided higher degrees of cross-protection vs. homologous than heterologous strain challenge. In many cases however, vaccination with two strains (only studies with US strains) produced reasonable cross-protection against heterologous field isolate challenge. Implications S1 sequence analysis provides numerical similarity values and phylogenetic information that can be useful, although by no means conclusive, in developing vaccine control strategies. Identification of many novel S1 genotypes of IBV in the USA is evidence that commercial flocks will be challenged today and in the future with strains unrelated to vaccines. In Israel, monitoring flocks for novel IBV field isolates should continue given the identification of Israel/720/99, and perhaps others in the future. Strains selected for vaccination of commercial flocks should induce cross- protection against unrelated genotypes. Using diverse genotypes for vaccination may result in immunity against unrelated field strains.
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Filmer, Deon, Vatsal Nahata, and Shwetlena Sabarwal. Preparation, Practice, and Beliefs: A Machine Learning Approach to Understanding Teacher Effectiveness. Research on Improving Systems of Education (RISE), December 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.35489/bsg-rise-wp_2021/084.

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This paper uses machine learning methods to identify key predictors of teacher effectiveness, proxied by student learning gains linked to a teacher over an academic year. Conditional inference forests and the least absolute shrinkage and selection operator are applied to matched student-teacher data for Math and Kiswahili from Grades 2 and 3 in 392 schools across Tanzania. These two machine learning methods produce consistent results and outperform standard ordinary least squares in out-of-sample prediction by 14-24 percent. As in previous research, commonly used teacher covariates like teacher gender, education, experience, and so forth are not good predictors of teacher effectiveness. Instead, teacher practice (what teachers do, measured through classroom observations and student surveys) and teacher beliefs (measured through teacher surveys) emerge as much more important. Overall, teacher covariates are stronger predictors of teacher effectiveness in Math than in Kiswahili. Teacher beliefs that they can help disadvantaged and struggling students learn (for Math) and they have good relationships within schools (for Kiswahili), teacher practice of providing written feedback and reviewing key concepts at the end of class (for Math), and spending extra time with struggling students (for Kiswahili) are highly predictive of teacher effectiveness, as is teacher preparation on how to teach foundational topics (for both Math and Kiswahili). These results demonstrate the need to pay more systematic attention to teacher preparation, practice, and beliefs in teacher research and policy.
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Bernales, Rona P., and Ilene S. Basitan. Knowledge, Attitudes and Practices of Dog Owners Regarding Rabies and Dog Bites in Bicol Region. O.I.E (World Organisation for Animal Health), January 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.20506/standz.2790.

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This study was conducted in selected provinces of Bicol Region from April 2015 to May 2015 to describe the knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of dog owners regarding rabies and dog bites. A purposive sampling was used in selecting the respondents of the study. Frequencies were tabulated for all variables. Of the 1,200 respondents, 2,193 dogs were recorded making a 2:1 ratio of dogs to householders in this particular study. Among these dogs 58% were vaccinated against rabies. The majority of the ones taking care of the dogs were female (57.3%) but the primary owner (62.9%) was the head of the family. Only 34.7% of the respondents knew that it is their duty to get their pets vaccinated against rabies. Around one-fourth (20.7%) admitted that someone in their household had been bitten by a dog but most respondents (62.5%) did nothing to the dog. The majority (57.7%) of the bite victims were youths (1-14 years old) and almost all (82.7%) of the wound bites were washed with soap and water. Television (44.9%) was the primary source of knowledge about rabies. The majority of participants (67.3%) said that humans are the main end-hosts that can be infected with rabies. Salivation or drooling (42.7%) and craziness (34.2%) were the main signs cited as behaviour of rabid dogs while craziness (40.2%) and hydrophobia or fear of water (25.4%) were cited for rabid humans. Most (33.9%) do not know the source of rabies but the majority (61.8%) believe that vaccination is the main preventive measure against rabies. The majority of participants (63%) reported that the local ordinances regarding rabies in their locality is about the Local Anti-Rabies Act and almost all (93.2%) admitted that vaccination is the most common anti-rabies program of the government.
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Aharoni, Asaph, Zhangjun Fei, Efraim Lewinsohn, Arthur Schaffer, and Yaakov Tadmor. System Approach to Understanding the Metabolic Diversity in Melon. United States Department of Agriculture, July 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7593400.bard.

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Fruit quality is determined by numerous genetic factors that affect taste, aroma, ‎color, texture, nutritional value and shelf life. To unravel the genetic components ‎involved in the metabolic pathways behind these traits, the major goal of the project was to identify novel genes that are involved in, or that regulate, these pathways using correlation analysis between genotype, metabolite and gene expression data. The original and specific research objectives were: (1) Collection of replicated fruit from a population of 96 RI lines derived from parents distinguished by great diversity in fruit development and quality phenotypes, (2) Phenotypic and metabolic profiling of mature fruit from all 96 RI lines and their parents, (3) 454 pyrosequencing of cDNA representing mRNA of mature fruit from each line to facilitate gene expression analysis based on relative EST abundance, (4) Development of a database modeled after an existing database developed for tomato introgression lines (ILs) to facilitate online data analysis by members of this project and by researchers around the world. The main functions of the database will be to store and present metabolite and gene expression data so that correlations can be drawn between variation in target traits or metabolites across the RI population members and variation in gene expression to identify candidate genes which may impact phenotypic and chemical traits of interest, (5) Selection of RI lines for segregation and/or hybridization (crosses) analysis to ascertain whether or not genes associated with traits through gene expression/metabolite correlation analysis are indeed contributors to said traits. The overall research strategy was to utilize an available recombinant inbred population of melon (Cucumis melo L.) derived from phenotypically diverse parents and for which over 800 molecular markers have been mapped for the association of metabolic trait and gene expression QTLs. Transcriptomic data were obtained by high throughput sequencing using the Illumina platform instead of the originally planned 454 platform. The change was due to the fast advancement and proven advantages of the Illumina platform, as explained in the first annual scientific report. Metabolic data were collected using both targeted (sugars, organic acids, carotenoids) and non-targeted metabolomics analysis methodologies. Genes whose expression patterns were associated with variation of particular metabolites or fruit quality traits represent candidates for the molecular mechanisms that underlie them. Candidate genes that may encode enzymes catalyzingbiosynthetic steps in the production of volatile compounds of interest, downstream catabolic processes of aromatic amino acids and regulatory genes were selected and are in the process of functional analyses. Several of these are genes represent unanticipated effectors of compound accumulation that could not be identified using traditional approaches. According to the original plan, the Cucurbit Genomics Network (http://www.icugi.org/), developed through an earlier BARD project (IS-3333-02), was expanded to serve as a public portal for the extensive metabolomics and transcriptomic data resulting from the current project. Importantly, this database was also expanded to include genomic and metabolomic resources of all the cucurbit crops, including genomes of cucumber and watermelon, EST collections, genetic maps, metabolite data and additional information. In addition, the database provides tools enabling researchers to identify genes, the expression patterns of which correlate with traits of interest. The project has significantly expanded the existing EST resource for melon and provides new molecular tools for marker-assisted selection. This information will be opened to the public by the end of 2013, upon the first publication describing the transcriptomic and metabolomics resources developed through the project. In addition, well-characterized RI lines are available to enable targeted breeding for genes of interest. Segregation of the RI lines for specific metabolites of interest has been shown, demonstrating the utility in these lines and our new molecular and metabolic data as a basis for selection targeting specific flavor, quality, nutritional and/or defensive compounds. To summarize, all the specific goals of the project have been achieved and in many cases exceeded. Large scale trascriptomic and metabolomic resources have been developed for melon and will soon become available to the community. The usefulness of these has been validated. A number of novel genes involved in fruit ripening have been selected and are currently being functionally analyzed. We thus fully addressed our obligations to the project. In our view, however, the potential value of the project outcomes as ultimately manifested may be far greater than originally anticipated. The resources developed and expanded under this project, and the tools created for using them will enable us, and others, to continue to employ resulting data and discoveries in future studies with benefits both in basic and applied agricultural - scientific research.
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Feldman, Moshe, Eitan Millet, Calvin O. Qualset, and Patrick E. McGuire. Mapping and Tagging by DNA Markers of Wild Emmer Alleles that Improve Quantitative Traits in Common Wheat. United States Department of Agriculture, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2001.7573081.bard.

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The general goal was to identify, map, and tag, with DNA markers, segments of chromosomes of a wild species (wild emmer wheat, the progenitor of cultivated wheat) determining the number, chromosomal locations, interactions, and effects of genes that control quantitative traits when transferred to a cultivated plant (bread wheat). Slight modifications were introduced and not all objectives could be completed within the human and financial resources available, as noted with the specific objectives listed below: 1. To identify the genetic contribution of each of the available wild emmer chromosome-arm substitution lines (CASLs) in the bread wheat cultivar Bethlehem for quantitative traits, including grain yield and its components and grain protein concentration and yield, and the effect of major loci affecting the quality of end-use products. [The quality of end-use products was not analyzed.] 2. To determine the extent and nature of genetic interactions (epistatic effects) between and within homoeologous groups 1 and 7 for the chromosome arms carrying "wild" and "cultivated" alleles as expressed in grain and protein yields and other quantitative traits. [Two experiments were successful, grain protein concentration could not be measured; data are partially analyzed.] 3. To derive recombinant substitution lines (RSLs) for the chromosome arms of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 that were found previously to promote grain and protein yields of cultivated wheat. [The selection of groups 1 and 7 tons based on grain yield in pot experiments. After project began, it was decided also to derive RSLs for the available arms of homoeologous group 4 (4AS and 4BL), based on the apparent importance of chromosome group 4, based on early field trials of the CASLs.] 4. To characterize the RSLs for quantitative traits as in objective 1 and map and tag chromosome segments producing significant effects (quantitative trait loci, QTLs by RFLP markers. [Producing a large population of RSLs for each chromosome arm and mapping them proved more difficult than anticipated, low numbers of RSLs were obtained for two of the chromosome arms.] 5. To construct recombination genetic maps of chromosomes of homoeologous groups 1 and 7 and to compare them to existing maps of wheat and other cereals [Genetic maps are not complete for homoeologous groups 4 and 7.] The rationale for this project is that wild species have characteristics that would be valuable if transferred to a crop plant. We demonstrated the sequence of chromosome manipulations and genetic tests needed to confirm this potential value and enhance transfer. This research has shown that a wild tetraploid species harbors genetic variability for quantitative traits that is interactive and not simply additive when introduced into a common genetic background. Chromosomal segments from several chromosome arms improve yield and protein in wheat but their effect is presumably enhanced when combination of genes from several segments are integrated into a single genotype in order to achieve the benefits of genes from the wild species. The interaction between these genes and those in the recipient species must be accounted for. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for some of the disappointing results that have historically obtained when using wild species as donors for crop improvement and provide a strategy for further successes.
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