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Journal articles on the topic 'Endemic plants'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 29 July 2024

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1

PERUZZI, LORENZO, FABIO CONTI, and FABRIZIO BARTOLUCCI. "An inventory of vascular plants endemic to Italy." Phytotaxa 168, no. 1 (May 16, 2014): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.168.1.1.

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For the purpose of the present study we considered as Italian endemics those specific and subspecific taxa occurring in Italy that are not found elsewhere with the exception of Corsica (France) and Malta. This study presents an updated list of the endemic taxa in the Italian flora, including their geographical distribution at regional level. Italy is characterized by 1371 endemic species and subspecies (18.9% of the total vascular flora): three taxa belong to Lycopodiidae, one to Polypodiidae, two to Pinidae and 1365 to Magnoliidae (three paleoherbs, 221 monocots and 1144 eudicots). The endemic flora belongs to 29 orders, 67 families and 304 genera. Sicily, Sardinia, Calabria and Abruzzo are the four regions richest in endemics. About 58% of endemics are confined to a single administrative region. The most represented orders, families and genera are: Asterales, Caryophyllales and Asparagales, Asteraceae, Plumbaginaceae and Caryophyllaceae, Limonium, Centaurea and Hieracium, respectively. The phytogeographic isolation of Sardinia and Sicily and the separation of peninsular Italy from Northern Italy is confirmed. The relative isolation of Puglia with respect the remaining southern Italian pensinsular regions is also confirmed. Alpine region endemics (from northern Italy) are underrepresented.
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2

ŞENTÜRK, Muhyettin, and Rıza BİNZET. "MERSİN İLİNİN SÜS BİTKİSİ POTANSİYELİ TAŞIYAN BAZI MONOKOTİL ENDEMİK BİTKİLERİ." Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences 8, no. 16 (July 25, 2021): 68–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.38065/euroasiaorg.583.

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Humanity has used plants for aesthetic purposes for centuries. Plants nowadays use cities for more livable habitats and similar purposes to satisfy the longing for nature of people who move away from nature due to increasing urbanization. So that plants attract attention as a commercial field plays a crucial role in economic development for many countries today. Our country, which is one of the richest geographies in terms of biodiversity globally, shows a total of 11466 plant taxa, 3800 of which are endemic. While the total number of plant species in all of Europe is around 12.000, in our country there are approximately 10.000 species. When the species and subspecies identified in recent years are added, around 12,000 taxa find natural habitats in our country. Mersin province is one of the important endemism centers of our country, with approximately 400 endemic species (endemism rate is approximately 23%). It is seen that the areas where geophytes spread intensively in the world are regions where the Mediterranean climate prevails, which is humid and warm in winters and dry and hot in summers. The Mediterranean Basin, where our country is located, is the second richest geophyte region in the world. Mersin province is one of the provinces located in the Mediterranean Basin. Within the scope of this study, it is to determine the usability of endemic plant species that are naturally distributed in Mersin province as ornamental plants and to ensure that they gain economic value in the ornamental plant market. For this purpose, in our study, some monocotyledon taxa that have an ornamental plant potential from endemic plant taxa in Mersin have been determined, and photographs of these taxa are presented. The recommended taxa are geophyte taxa, and the fact that they only spread in our country (some only in Mersin) is of great importance in bringing these species into the landscape as ornamental plants. A total of 20 endemic taxa belonging to 5 different monocotyledon families identified in Mersin were determined. The endangered extinction of some of these taxa proposed as ornamental plants is also of great importance in ensuring their generation by bringing them into the landscape with various production techniques.
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ŞENTÜRK, Muhyettin, and Rıza BİNZET. "MERSİN İLİNİN SÜS BİTKİSİ POTANSİYELİ TAŞIYAN BAZI DİKOTİL ENDEMİK BİTKİLERİ." Euroasia Journal of Mathematics, Engineering, Natural & Medical Sciences 8, no. 16 (July 25, 2021): 79–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.38065/euroasiaorg.584.

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Flora of Turkey, which constitutes an important part of Turkey of biological diversity, ranks first among European countries. Flora of Turkey first among other countries in the world in terms of its endemism rate. Mersin province, which is located in the Mediterranean region, which is the richest region of Turkey concerning endemism, forms an important part of our country's flora and the Mediterranean in terms of floristic. The endemism rate of flora of Mersin province is approximately 23%. Today, when urbanization is increasing and the concentration in rural areas decreases, natural ingredients and plants are increasingly included in city life. For this reason, big cities and cities such as Mersin are trying to be integrated with nature or to include nature and its ingredients in city life. Unfortunately, most of the plants that are tried to be included in city life are not natural plants of our country but are mainly exotic dicotyledon ornamental plants of foreign origin. Some of these species are invasive and appear to threaten the natural ecosystem. For this reason, it is important in many aspects to include the species with natural distribution in Mersin to the landscape areas and urban ecosystem. Therefore, the natural ecosystem will not be damaged therewithal aesthetically valuable species can be considered ornamental plants. In this context, the spread of the species suggested in our study only in our country (and some only in Mersin) is of great importance in bringing these species to the ornamental plant sector. In this study, some of the dicotyl endemic plant taxa with ornamental plant potential were identified, and photographs of these taxa were presented. Thirty different endemic taxa belonging to 13 different dicotyl families identified are listed. It is seen that the endemic taxa we propose are not very aesthetically different from the taxa currently used in the landscape, and even some taxa are more striking than some exotic taxa evaluated in the landscape. In addition, the proposed list includes taxa with medical importance in the landscape and endemic taxa that can also be considered as honey plants, as well as ground cover and hedge plants. We anticipate that these taxa, which are the elements of the natural vegetation of Mersin, can be transferred to urban areas by taking inspiration from nature and prevent biological, ecological, economic, and even pathological problems caused by a significant part of exotic species.
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4

Jovanovska, Jana, Gjoshe Stefkov, and Marija Karapandzova. "Pharmacognosticaly interesting endemic plant species in the flora of Republic of Macedonia." Macedonian Pharmaceutical Bulletin 55 (November 2009): 41–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.33320/maced.pharm.bull.2009.55.004.

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Flora in the Republic of Macedonia comprises about 3200 species in 147 families. According to some sources there are 115 endemic higher plants, of which, 114 belong to gymnosperm. According to other sources, there are 135 species of endemic plants and about 111 of which are local endemic species and 24 are stretched in the border mountains. The exact number has not been determined yet. Eastern part of Macedonia, east of the river Vardar almost poses no endemics, while the rest of the territory, west of the Vardar is very rich in such species. The richest areas with endemic plants are Galicica Mountain, Treska River Gorge and the lowlands surrounding the city of Prilep. Despite the wealth of endemic and relict species, any pharmacognostical data for these plants have not been published yet. Of all these endemic species, 30 could be pharmaconosticly interesting for future investigation of the chemical composition, isolation of potentially active substances and testing biological-pharmacological activity. Modern analytical techniques utilized in the examination of the chemistry of medicinal plants and natural products require a very small amount of material does not pose a risk of endangering endemic species. An additional challenge is the development of an appropriate program for the protection of all endemic, pharmaconosticly interesting species.
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5

ABDELAAL, MOHAMED, MAURO FOIS, GIUSEPPE FENU, and GIANLUIGI BACCHETTA. "Critical checklist of the endemic vascular plants of Egypt." Phytotaxa 360, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 19. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.360.1.2.

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After many recent findings regarding geographical distribution and nomenclatural changes, an updated and revised checklist of the Egyptian endemic flora was needed. This study provides an up to date checklist of vascular taxa exclusive to Egypt and their distribution within the administrative provinces. Egypt hosts 48 endemic taxa (including 35 species, seven subspecies and six varieties) belonging to 42 genera, 18 families and representing 2.3% of the total flora. The most represented families are Asteraceae, Lamiaceae, Caryophyllaceae, Fabaceae, Asparagaceae and Brassicaceae, while the most represented genus is Silene (three endemic taxa). Therophytes and chamaephytes are the most represented life-forms among Egyptian endemics. The richest regions in Egyptian endemic taxa are Southern Sinai (14 taxa), Northern Sinai and Matrouh (12 taxa each). Agglomerative hierarchical clustering (AHC) enabled the division of Egypt into three main regions based on the occurrence of endemic taxa: Eastern Egypt (31 taxa, 25 exclusive and six shared taxa), Western Egypt (14 taxa, seven exclusive and seven shared taxa) and Middle Egypt (12 taxa, eight exclusive and four shared taxa). This checklist will help to focus conservation efforts and provide a framework for research, protection and policy implementations for these endemic taxa.
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PEÑA CHOCARRO, MARÍA DEL CARMEN, and JUANA DE EGEA. "Checklist of the endemic vascular plants of Paraguay." Phytotaxa 384, no. 1 (December 19, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.384.1.1.

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We present a list of endemic plants of Paraguay, which includes 374 taxa from 52 families and 162 genera based on the revision of primary data (herbarium collections). Synonyms, habit, distribution in Paraguay and all the voucher specimens seen or cited in recent bibliographies or in the consulted databases are provided for each taxon. A brief analysis of the diversity and importance of this endemic flora is presented. A list of excluded species, which were considered as endemics in previous publications, is also included.
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Darbyshire, Iain, Jonathan Timberlake, Jo Osborne, Saba Rokni, Hermenegildo Matimele, Clayton Langa, Castigo Datizua, et al. "The endemic plants of Mozambique: diversity and conservation status." PhytoKeys 136 (December 11, 2019): 45–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.136.39020.

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An annotated checklist of the 271 strict-endemic taxa (235 species) and 387 near-endemic taxa (337 species) of vascular plants in Mozambique is provided. Together, these taxa constitute c. 9.3% of the total currently known flora of Mozambique and include five strict-endemic genera (Baptorhachis, Emicocarpus, Gyrodoma, Icuria and Micklethwaitia) and two near-endemic genera (Triceratella and Oligophyton). The mean year of first publication of these taxa is 1959, with a marked increase in description noted following the onset of the two major regional floristic programmes, the “Flora of Tropical East Africa” and “Flora Zambesiaca”, and an associated increase in botanical collecting effort. New taxa from Mozambique continue to be described at a significant rate, with 20 novelties described in 2018. Important plant families for endemic and near-endemic taxa include Fabaceae, Rubiaceae and Euphorbiaceae s.s. There is a high congruence between species-rich plant families and endemism with the notable exceptions of the Poaceae, which is the second-most species rich plant family, but outside of the top ten families in terms of endemism, and the Euphorbiaceae, which is the seventh-most species rich plant family, but third in terms of endemism. A wide range of life-forms are represented in the endemic and near-endemic flora, with 49% being herbaceous or having herbaceous forms and 55% being woody or having woody forms. Manica Province is by far the richest locality for near-endemic taxa, highlighting the importance of the cross-border Chimanimani-Nyanga (Manica) Highlands shared with Zimbabwe. A total of 69% of taxa can be assigned to one of four cross-border Centres of Endemism: the Rovuma Centre, the Maputaland Centre sensu lato, and the two mountain blocks, Chimanimani-Nyanga and Mulanje-Namuli-Ribaue. Approximately 50% of taxa have been assessed for their extinction risk and, of these, just over half are globally threatened (57% for strict-endemics), with a further 10% (17% for strict-endemics) currently considered to be Data Deficient, highlighting the urgent need for targeted conservation of Mozambique’s unique flora. This dataset will be a key resource for ongoing efforts to identify “Important Plant Areas – IPAs” in Mozambique, and to promote the conservation and sustainable management of these critical sites and species, thus enabling Mozambique to meet its commitments under the Convention on Biological Diversity (CBD).
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8

Locklear, James H. "Endemic plants of the central grassland of North America: distribution, ecology, and conservation status." Journal of the Botanical Research Institute of Texas 11, no. 1 (July 24, 2017): 193–234. http://dx.doi.org/10.17348/jbrit.v11.i1.1172.

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This paper enumerates the endemic plants of the Central Grassland of North America. The Central Grassland encompasses the full extent of the tallgrass, mixed-grass, and shortgrass prairie ecological systems of North America plus floristically related plant communities that adjoin and/or interdigitate with the midcontinental grasslands including savanna-open woodland systems, shrub-steppe, and rock outcrop communities. There are 382 plant taxa endemic to the Central Grassland, 300 endemic species (eight of which have multiple subspecific taxa endemic to the region) and 72 endemic subspecies/varieties of more widely distributed species. Nine regional concentrations of endemic taxa were identified and are described as centers of endemism for the Central Grassland: Arkansas Valley Barrens, Edwards Plateau, Llano Estacado Escarpments, Llano Uplift, Mescalero-Monahans Dunes, Niobrara-Platte Tablelands, Raton Tablelands, Red Bed Plains, and Reverchon Rocklands. In addition to hosting localized endemics, these areas are typically enriched with more widely-distributed Central Grassland endemics as well as peripheral or disjunct occurrences of locally-rare taxa, making them regions of high floristic diversity for the Central Grassland. Most of the endemics (299 or 78%) are habitat specialists, associated with rock outcrop, sand, hydric, or riparian habitats. There is a strong correlation between geology and endemism in the Central Grassland, with 59% of the endemics (225 taxa) associated with rock outcrop habitat. Of the 382 Central Grassland endemics, 124 or 33% are of conservation concern (NatureServe ranking of G1/T1 to G3/T3). Of these at-risk taxa, 78 or 63% are primarily associated with one of the centers of endemism identified in the study. It is hoped these findings will be useful in focusing conservation action on the habitats, ecological associations, and regions of the Central Grassland that host the highest concentrations of unique and at-risk plant species and associated biological diversity.
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9

Prakash, L., C. Anbarasu, and P. Balasubramanian. "List of Endemic Flowering Plants from Gudalur Forest Division, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu." Indian Journal of Forestry 41, no. 2 (June 1, 2018): 129–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2018-464r86.

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The present study was carried out to prepare a comprehensive list of endemic flowering plants found in Gudalur Forest Division, Nilgiri Plateau, Tamil Nadu. A total of 58 plant species of flowering plants belonging to 43 genera and 26 families were recorded. Most of the 58 species are Peninsular Indian endemics. The genus Pogostemon has 4 endemic species followed by Actinodaphne, Cinnamomum and Lencas, each with 3 species. Most of the endemic taxa recorded in the study area are rare in occurrence and restricted to a few locations. Of the 58 endemic species, one belongs to the Critically Endangered, 8 Endangered and 4 Vulnerable category of IUCN Red-listed species.
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10

Piękoś-Mirkowa, Halina, and Zbigniew Mirek. "Distribution patterns and habitats of endemic vascular plants in the Polish Carpathians." Acta Societatis Botanicorum Poloniae 78, no. 4 (2011): 321–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5586/asbp.2009.042.

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The paper deals with the richness and diversity of endemic and subendemic taxa in the Polish Carpathians. Based on critical studies in the literature and the authors' unpublished materials collected in the field, the distribution patterns of endemic species are analysed and discussed. The participation of endemics in the flora of single Carpathian ranges is assessed and analysed. The importance of the Tatra Mts as a centre of endemism is stressed. The frequency and altitudinal ranges of endemic taxa are characterized and their syntaxonomical spectrum is presented.
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Prakash, L., C. Anbarasu, and P. Balasubramanian. "List of Endemic Flowering Plants from Gudalur Forest Division, Western Ghats, Tamil Nadu." Indian Journal of Forestry 40, no. 4 (December 1, 2017): 409–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps1000-2017-0771u0.

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The present study was carried out to prepare a comprehensive list of endemic flowering plants found in Gudalur Forest Division, Nilgiri Plateau, Tamil Nadu. A total of 58 species of flowering plants belonging to 43 genera and 27 families were recorded. Majority of the species are Peninsular Indian endemics. Of the 58 endemic species, one belonged to the Critically Endangered, 7 Endangered and 4 Vulnerable category.
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12

SUDARMONO, SUDARMONO. "Endemic plants of serpentine soils." Biodiversitas, Journal of Biological Diversity 8, no. 4 (October 1, 2007): 330–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.13057/biodiv/d080417.

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13

Otero, Carolina, Carolina Klagges, Bernardo Morales, Paula Sotomayor, Jorge Escobar, Juan A. Fuentes, Adrian A. Moreno, et al. "Anti-Inflammatory Chilean Endemic Plants." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 3 (March 10, 2023): 897. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15030897.

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Medicinal plants have been used since prehistoric times and continue to treat several diseases as a fundamental part of the healing process. Inflammation is a condition characterized by redness, pain, and swelling. This process is a hard response by living tissue to any injury. Furthermore, inflammation is produced by various diseases such as rheumatic and immune-mediated conditions, cancer, cardiovascular diseases, obesity, and diabetes. Hence, anti-inflammatory-based treatments could emerge as a novel and exciting approach to treating these diseases. Medicinal plants and their secondary metabolites are known for their anti-inflammatory properties, and this review introduces various native Chilean plants whose anti-inflammatory effects have been evaluated in experimental studies. Fragaria chiloensis, Ugni molinae, Buddleja globosa, Aristotelia chilensis, Berberis microphylla, and Quillaja saponaria are some native species analyzed in this review. Since inflammation treatment is not a one-dimensional solution, this review seeks a multidimensional therapeutic approach to inflammation with plant extracts based on scientific and ancestral knowledge.
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MEMARIANI, FARSHID, HOSSEIN AKHANI, and MOHAMMAD REZA JOHARCHI. "Endemic plants of Khorassan-Kopet Dagh floristic province in Irano-Turanian region: diversity, distribution patterns and conservation status." Phytotaxa 249, no. 1 (February 29, 2016): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.249.1.5.

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Khorassan-Kopet Dagh (KK) floristic province located in northeastern Iran and southern Turkmenistan is one of the important centers of plant endemism in Irano-Turanian region. In order to evaluate the plant endemism, distribution and conservation, we generated an updated and annotated checklist of 356 endemic vascular plant taxa belonging to 112 genera and 36 families of angiosperms. The genera Astragalus and Cousinia have the highest number of endemics and the hemicryptophytes are the dominant life form. On the basis of the available distributional data, mainly from herbarium records and reliable references, we analyzed the distribution patterns and diversity of the endemic taxa. The central part of KK has the highest endemic richness, and the least number of endemics occur in the southern part. Mapping the occurrence data of the endemics revealed 16 main distribution patterns. There are only 24 widespread endemics, and more than half of the endemic taxa are restricted to only one of five geographical zones of the area. Analysis of endemic diversity based on 15ʹ grid cell maps showed that the Central part of Kopet Dagh range, Aladagh and Salook ranges and Golestan National Park are located in the areas with the highest endemic richness. Mapping the beta diversity of the grid cells revealed the vast areas of the Central part, following some areas of the Eastern, Western and Northwestern parts, are highly differentiated by composition of endemic plants. All of the KK endemic taxa were evaluated against the IUCN Red List categories and criteria and a total of 200 endemic taxa were globally classified as threatened including 24 Critically Endangered, 72 Endangered and 104 Vulnerable taxa. Areas with the highest threatened endemics richness are located in Central Kopet Dagh range along Iran-Turkmenistan border, Golestan National Park and adjacent Ghorkhod Protected area, Aladagh and Salook ranges, and the eastern part of Binalood range. Implications of the results in conservation prioritization of the endemic taxa and also of the geographical areas are discussed. As far as possible the taxonomic status of known endemics are critically checked, type specimens of some doubtful taxa are consulted, and representative vouchers of reported species are given. The new species Heliotropium khayyamii Akhani sp. nov. is described and seven taxa are placed as new synonyms: Astragalus salehabadensis Ranjbar & Zarin (= A. basineri Trautv.), A. torbathaydariyehensis Ranjbar & Zarin (= A. basineri), Astragalus ghouchanensis Souzani, Zarre & Maassoumi (= A. sumbari Popov), Cousinia golestanica Attar (= C. stahliana Bornm. & Gauba), Centaurea bojnordensis Ranjbar, Negaresh & Joharchi (= C. sintenisiana Gand.), Cyanus persicus Ranjbar & Negaresh (= C. depressus (M. Bieb.) Soják) and Klasea nana Ranjbar & Negaresh (= K. latifolia (Boiss.) L.Martins). Twenty-five taxa with poor taxonomic evidence are listed separately as doubtful. Distribution maps of almost all known endemics are provided.
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TOJIBAEV, KOMILJON SH, CHANG GEE JANG, GEORGII A. Lazkov, KAE SUN CHANG, GULNARA T. SITPAYEVA, NEIMATULLO SAFAROV, NATALYA YU BESHKO, et al. "An Annotated Checklist of Endemic Vascular Plants of the Tian-Shan Mountains in Central Asian Countries." Phytotaxa 464, no. 2 (October 16, 2020): 117–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.464.2.1.

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A check-list of endemic vascular plants of the Tian-Shan Mountains, including plant distribution along mountain ranges and in Central Asian countries, has been compiled for the first time in this study. The list of Tian-Shan flora consists of 871 endemic species and subspecies. One subspecies belongs to Pinaceae (Pinopsida) and 870 taxa belong to Magnoliidae (dicots, 732 taxa, and monocots, 138 taxa). The endemic flora belongs to 39 families and 187 genera. The largest number of endemics is concentrated in the mountain ranges of Kyrgyzstan (225 national endemics, 507 taxa in total) and Kazakhstan (205 national endemics, 485 taxa in total). Uzbekistan occupies the third position (69 national endemics, 320 taxa in total). Tajikistan has fewer endemics: 82 taxa, of which only 16 taxa are national endemics. The most represented families and genera are: Asteraceae, Fabaceae, Apiaceae, Lamiaceae, and Amaryllidaceae; and Astragalus, Allium, Cousinia, Oxytropis, and Gagea, respectively.
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Brochmann, C., Ø. H. Rustan, W. Lobin, and N. Kilian. "The endemic vascular plants of the Cape Verde Islands, W Africa." Sommerfeltia 24, no. 1 (December 1, 1997): 1–363. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/som-1997-0001.

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Abstract The archipelago of Cape Verde consists of nine main islands of oceanic origin situated 500 km west of the African mainland. The present study aims at increasing our knowledge of the endemic vascular flora and its origin and evolution, and at providing a scientific basis for its protection. One endemic genus (Tornabenea) and 82 endemic species and subspecies were accepted, including one new species in Tornabenea (T. humilis) and three new combinations in Campylanthus and Kickxia. Morphological descriptions, illustrations, typifications, chromosome numbers, phyto- and ecogeographic information, and conservation status, based on field-, herbarium-, garden-, and literary studies, are provided. The degree of endemism was 10.5% at the species level. The endemic flora had a mixture of holarctic (65%, including I 5% in a NW-Moroccan element) and tropic (35%) affinities. Thirty-three Capeverdean endemics ( 40%) were most closely related to taxa with a Canaro-Madeiran distribution. The endemic flora was divided into five distributional elements (northern, western, southern, eastern, and ubiquitous; with 26, 21, I 5, 3, and 17 taxa. respectively) and three ecological elements (hygrophytic, mesophytic, and xerophytic; with 31, 34, and I 7 taxa, respectively). Although distributional patterns corresponded closely to geographic positions of island groups, the patterns could be sufficiently explained by ecological factors. Endemic species richness was strongly correlated with humidity and maximum island altitude. The tropic proportion decreased with increasing altitude and humidity. More than half of the endemic flora is presently threatened (Red List taxa), and 16 single-island extinctions were recorded. The proportion of polyploids was 27% based on 63% of the endemics, which is similar to the proportion in the endemic Canarian flora. Most taxa (90%) were schizoendemic diploids or mesopolyploids, typically differentiated ecogeographically among islands and along humidity gradients. This pattern has frequently been complicated by parallel inter-island evolution along similar gradients, and many ecogeographically ubiquitous mesophytes showed large and complex interpopulational variation. In such cases, differentiation along continuous, steep, and tree-less coast-mountain gradients of humidity has resulted in eco-morphological clines of populations rather than classic adaptive radiation into distinct taxa. Contrary to previous beliefs, we suggest that the present Capeverdean flora is very young, possibly only a few hundred thousand years old. It contains no palaeoendemics in the strict sense, only a single endemic genus, and most endemic taxa are only slightly differentiated morphologically from their sister groups. This conclusion is supported by recent geological, palaeontological, and molecular data. A possible scenario with origins and extinctions of successive Capeverdean floras is outlined, following the dramatic fluctuations between wet and dry climates in northern Africa during the Quaternary. The present flora was probably founded by two main waves of immigrants, both via dispersal from (north-)westem Africa, but in different climatic periods.
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Nowak, Arkadiusz, and Marcin Nobis. "Tentative list of endemic vascular plants of the Zeravshan Mts in Tajikistan: distribution, habitat preferences and conservation status of species." Biodiversity: Research and Conservation 19, no. 1 (January 1, 2010): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10119-010-0011-5.

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Tentative list of endemic vascular plants of the Zeravshan Mts in Tajikistan: distribution, habitat preferences and conservation status of speciesBased on literature data and own fieldwork in the Zeravshan Mts in Tajikistan (Middle Asia), the taxonomic structure, distribution, habitat preferences as well as conservation status of a group of 86 species of vascular plants of endemic character are presented. The tentative list of exclusive endemic plants for the Zeravshan Mts was compiled. They belong to 25 families. The richest is the genusAstragaluswith 11 species followed byCousinia(8),Allium(5) andScutellaria(3). The study has shown that the eastern subregions of the range are richest in endemics, especially, the Mogien-Daria, Seven Lakes, Pastrud-Daria, Ksztut and Yagnob valleys and Kuli-Kalon Plateau. The endemics studied are stenochoric species with very small number of known locations, mainly between one and two. The mean value of the range of the studied endemics is ca. 1140 km2. The most numerous endemic groups have been recorded at altitudes of around 1,800-2,100 and 2,700-3000 m a. s. l. The habitats harboring the richest group of endemics are rock screes, alpine forests, steppes and semi-savannas, alpine meadows, solid rocks, xerothermophilous shrubs and pastures. Almost half of the endemics have narrow ecological amplitude occurring in only one habitat type. The most important threats to Tajik endemics are intensive grazing and erosion of soils, as well as denudation. Most vulnerable types of vegetation to the human impact are forest and scrub communities. For effective protection of endemics in the Zeravshan Mts, a national park and a net of nature reserves has to be funded.
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Rahman, M. Atiqur, and M. Enamur Rashid. "Status Of Endemic Plants Of Bangladesh And Conservation Management Strategies." International Journal of Environment 2, no. 1 (December 2, 2013): 231–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9224.

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The present study was aimed at recognizing the status of 28 endemic plants of Bangladesh and determining their conservation management strategies. These endemics belong to 17 angiosperm families and constitute about 0.78% of the total species of the country. Of these endemics, 2 species were least concern, 10 rare and 7 endangered, and need to give immediate conservation priority. Another 9 endemics were assessed to be extinct since no report of collection for more than 100 years was available and could not be traced in the wild. An enumeration of these endemics is presented, each cited with updated nomenclature, bangla names, type, habit, ecology, potential values, places and status of occurrence, threats to the species, conservation status for sustainable management strategies. List of examined specimens of these endemics, wherever available, is also provided. Photographs of 24 endemics are also presented. International Journal of Environment, Volume-2, Issue-1, Sep-Nov 2013, Pages 231-249 DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/ije.v2i1.9224
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Halilaj, Haxhi, Lirika Kupe, Avdyl Bajrami, Pirro Icka, Xhavit Mala, and Robert Damo. "Endemic plants in the flora of Shutman (Sharri Mountain), Kosovo – an analysis of phytogeographical elements and life forms." Natura Croatica 30, no. 1 (July 31, 2021): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.20302/nc.2021.30.1.

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This paper aims to present the diversity of endemic plants in the Shutman area and an analysis of chorological groups and life forms. The flora of Shutman comprises 31 endemic plant species. Among them, there are 20 Balkan endemics, 1 stenoendemic and 5 sub-endemic species. They belong to 20 genera and 13 families. The richest among the endemics are families Asteraceae and Caryophyllaceae, both with 4 species. All endemics are herbaceous perennials. Hemicryptophytes dominate among life forms, accounting for 58.06%. Most of the species are Balkan floristic elements (20 species or 64.52%), followed by Southeast European and South European floristic elements, both with 3 taxa (9.68%). A total of 27 species have national or international conservation status. Reporting of Ranunculus degenii Kümmerle & Jav. for the first time in Shutman makes this area the second distribution record of this plant in Kosovo.
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Millaku, Fadil, Elez Krasniqi, Naim Berisha, and Ferat Rexhepi. "Conservation assessment of the endemic plants from Kosovo." Hacquetia 16, no. 1 (June 1, 2017): 35–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/hacq-2016-0024.

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Abstract Sixteen endemic plant taxa were selected from Kosovo, according to the IUCN standards and for each taxon the risk assessment and threat category has been assigned. The taxa were compared with their previous status from fifteen years ago. From sixteen plant taxa, which were included in this work, four are Balkan endemics, whereas, eight of them are local endemics and four of the taxa are stenoendemics. Six of the taxa are grown exclusively on serpentine soils, five of them on limestone substrate, four of them in carbonate substrate, yet only one in silicate substrate. The work has been done based on the standard working methodologies of the IUCN (Guidelines for Using the IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria – Version 8.1). The most threatened plant taxa is Solenanthus krasniqii – which after its observance has only 20 mature individuals. As a result of the wild collection of the medicinal and aromatic plants, from the local population, Sideritis scardica is about to be completely go extinct. The aim of this study was to assess the state of endemics in the threats possessed to them during the previous times, present and predicting the trends for the upcoming years.
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Tekeli, F. O., and A. F. Gokce. "Endemic plants and wildAlliumspecies in Turkey." Acta Horticulturae, no. 1143 (October 2016): 327–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.2016.1143.46.

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Dulymamode, Rafic, Paul F. Cannon, and Abed Peerally. "Fungi on endemic plants of Mauritius." Mycological Research 105, no. 12 (December 2001): 1472–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0953756201004701.

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23

Garbarino, J. A., V. Gambaro, and M. Nicoletti. "Iridoid Glucosides from Endemic Chilean Plants." Journal of Natural Products 48, no. 6 (November 1985): 992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/np50042a022.

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Thompson, John D., Sébastien Lavergne, Laurence Affre, Myriam Gaudeul, and Max Debussche. "Ecological differentiation of Mediterranean endemic plants." TAXON 54, no. 4 (November 2005): 967–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/25065481.

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25

Kougioumoutzis, Konstantinos, Panayiota Kotsakiozi, Efthalia Stathi, Panayiotis Trigas, and Aristeidis Parmakelis. "Conservation Genetics of Four Critically Endangered Greek Endemic Plants: A Preliminary Assessment." Diversity 13, no. 4 (March 31, 2021): 152. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13040152.

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The Mediterranean basin constitutes one of the largest global biodiversity hotspots, hosting more than 11,000 endemic plants, and it is recognised as an area with a high proportion of threatened taxa. Nevertheless, only a tiny fraction of the threatened Mediterranean endemics have their genetic diversity assessed, and we are unaware if and how climate change might impact their conservation status. This is even more pronounced in Eastern Mediterranean countries with a rich endemic flora, such as Greece, which hosts a large portion of the plant taxa assessed at the European level under the IUCN criteria. Using inter simple sequence repeats (ISSR) markers and species distribution models, we analysed the genetic diversity and investigated the impacts of climate change on four critically endangered and extremely narrow and rare Greek island endemic plants, namely Aethionema retsina, Allium iatrouinum, Convolvulus argyrothamnos, and Saponaria jagelii. All four species are facing intense anthropogenic threats and display moderate genetic diversity (uHe: 0.254–0.322), while climate change is expected to have a profound impact on their range size during the coming decades. A combination of in- and ex-situ measures, such as population reinforcement and seed bank conservation, are urgently needed in order to preserve these highly threatened and rare Greek endemics.
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Hosagoudar, V. B. "Endemic Meliolas and Meliolas on endemic plants in Western Ghats, India." Zoos' Print Journal 18, no. 11 (October 21, 2003): 1243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.11609/jott.zpj.18.11.1243-52.

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EL-KHALAFY, MOHAMED M., KAMAL H. SHALTOUT, and DALIA A. AHMED. "Updating and assessing plant endemism in Egypt." Phytotaxa 502, no. 3 (May 25, 2021): 237–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.502.3.3.

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This study aimed to update and assess the list of endemic plants in the Egyptian flora, based on information obtained during field trips, literature reviews, and herbaria consultations. Life forms, habitat, national distribution, rarity forms, local threats, and conservation status according to IUCN categories, were estimated for these plants. Twenty field visits were conducted from summer 2015 to spring 2020 to many locations all over Egypt. The recent list includes 42 species (belonging to 37 genera and 20 families inhabiting 10 main habitats). Rocky surfaces and sandy formations have the highest number of endemic species, most of them are therophytes. Sinaitico-Arabian sector is the richest in endemics (19 taxa), followed by the Marioutico-Arishian (17 taxa). Small geographic range-small habitat-non-abundant plants are the most represented rarity form. All endemics are exposed to at least one type of local threat, the most prominent threats being over-collecting and over-cutting. According to the guidelines of IUCN, 31 of the endemic taxa are threatened, thus requiring in situ and ex situ conservation. Out of them, 11 taxa are believed to be Extinct, five are Critically Endangered, and 15 Endangered. In addition, 11 taxa are evaluated as Data Deficient. Further studies are still needed to verify and fill the information gaps about the Egyptian endemics.
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Selvi, Federico, Giandiego Campetella, Roberto Canullo, Stefano Chelli, Gianniantonio Domina, Emmanuele Farris, Cristina Gasperini, Leonardo Rosati, Camilla Wellstein, and Elisa Carrari. "The Italian endemic forest plants: an annotated inventory and synthesis of knowledge." Plant Ecology and Evolution 156, no. 1 (February 15, 2023): 29–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.5091/plecevo.95929.

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Background and aims – Forests are among the most threatened ecosystems worldwide, and endemic plants are often a vulnerable component of the flora of a given territory. So far, however, understory forest endemics of southern Europe have received little attention and are poorly known for several aspects. Material and methods – We developed the first list of native vascular plants that are restricted to Italian forests. Available information on taxonomy, regional distribution, ecology, biology, functional traits, and conservation status was collected for each taxon, allowing to identify major knowledge gaps and calculate baseline statistics. Key results – The list includes 134 taxa, most of which are linked to closed-canopy forest habitats, while the others are also found in margins and gaps. The forest and non-forest Italian endemic flora differed in terms of taxonomic and life-form distribution. The rate and density of forest endemism increased with decreasing latitude and were highest in Sicily, Calabria, and Basilicata, where paleoendemic mono- or oligotypic genera also occur. Endemic phanerophytes were especially numerous on islands. Beech and deciduous oak forests were the most important habitats, but hygrophilous woodlands also host numerous endemics. Overall, the ecology, biology, and functional traits of the forest endemic taxa are still poorly known. The ratio diploids/polyploids was highest in the south and on the islands. Almost 24% of the taxa were assessed as “Critically Endangered”, “Endangered”, or “Vulnerable”, and 24% were categorized as “Data Deficient”, based on the IUCN system. Increasing frequency and intensity of fires was the most frequent threat. Conclusions – This work can contribute to implement the European forest plant species list and serve as a basis for further research on a unique biological heritage of the continent. However, more knowledge about these globally rare taxa is needed, to support their conservation in changing forest landscapes.
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Kiew, Ruth. "Checklist of vascular plants from Batu Caves, Selangor, Malaysia." Check List 10, no. 6 (December 9, 2014): 1420. http://dx.doi.org/10.15560/10.6.1420.

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The vascular plant flora of Batu Caves, a tower karst limestone formation, includes 269 species; 51 species (19%) are Peninsular Malaysian endemics and 80 species (30%) are calciphiles of which 56 (21%) are obligate calciphiles and 26 species are obligate calciphiles endemic to Peninsular Malaysia. Four taxa are endemic to Batu Caves itself. That Batu Caves harbours a sizeable fraction (21.4%) of Peninsular Malaysia’s limestone flora underlines the need for detailed checklists of each and every limestone hill to enable adequate planning of conservation programmes to support biodiversity. Because botanical collecting began in the 1890s, Batu Caves is important as the type locality of 24 plant species. Land-use pressures have over time eliminated the surrounding native vegetation, leaving the flora vulnerable to aggressive weedy and alien species. Although designated as a Public Recreation Area, its protection status needs to be enforced and the boundaries clearly marked.
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Baasanmunkh, Shukherdorj, Magsar Urgamal, Batlai Oyuntsetseg, Alisa Grabovskaya-Borodina, Khurelpurev Oyundelger, Zagarjav Tsegmed, Vanjil Gundegmaa, et al. "Updated Checklist of Vascular Plants Endemic to Mongolia." Diversity 13, no. 12 (November 25, 2021): 619. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/d13120619.

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The aim of the present study is to update the checklist of vascular plants endemic to Mongolia using previous checklists, publications, herbarium collections, and field observations. The revised checklist includes 102 endemic taxa (95 species, five subspecies, and two nothospecies) from 43 genera and 19 families. The majority of endemic taxa were distributed in western and central Mongolia, and high endemic species richness was identified in four phytogeographical regions, namely Mongolian Altai, Khangai, Dzungarian Gobi, and Gobi Altai, which harbor 49, 27, 20, and 16 endemic taxa, respectively. For each endemic taxon, we compiled information about growth form, conservation status (if already assessed), phytogeographical distribution, and voucher specimens. Data on each taxon’s type specimen were also collected, and the majority of the type specimens were accessioned at the LE (58 taxa), MW (20 taxa), and UBA (7 taxa) herbaria.
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Hardman, Chloe J., Sophie Williams, Bryan Naqqi Manco, and Martin A. Hamilton. "Predicting the potential threat of Casuarina equisetifolia to three endemic plant species on the Turks and Caicos Islands." Oryx 46, no. 2 (March 30, 2012): 204–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605311000251.

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AbstractInvasive species are one of the main threats to the loss of global biodiversity. Controlling such species requires a high input of effort and resources and therefore it is important to focus control on areas that will maximize gains for conservation. We present a spatial modelling approach that will help target control efforts. We used presence-only data to develop habitat suitability models for the invasive tree Casuarina equisetifolia and three endemic plant species on the Turks and Caicos Islands in the Caribbean. Substantial overlap was found between suitable areas for the endemics and C. equisetifolia. Evidence for the potential harm that C. equisetifolia could cause to native vegetation was assessed using paired areas with and without invasion. Areas with C. equisetifolia present had lower native plant species richness than areas where it was absent, which suggests a negative effect of invasion on the growth of native plants. No endemic plants were found in areas where C. equisetifolia was present. Based on the data collected we recommend that the three endemic species be categorized as Endangered on the IUCN Red List. By highlighting areas where the endemic plants are found and demonstrating a potential threat to these habitats, we provide a plan for the designation of six Important Plant Areas to promote conservation of these endemic species.
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Peng, Lin, Zhao Rong Liu, and Qiang Zheng. "Research on the Ontology Knowledge Base Yunnan of Seed Plants Endemic Genera." Advanced Materials Research 655-657 (January 2013): 1734–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.655-657.1734.

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Yunnan province has rich natural resources with high species diversities because of its unique ecological environments, while the abundance of genera of seed plants endemic in Yunnan ranked the top one in China. But there are several shortcomings influence the research and the protection on genera of seed plants endemic in Yunnan. Firstly, the storage of relevant knowledge and data of genera of seed plants endemic in Yunnan is dispersion; secondly, the structure of the data system is poor; thirdly, the format and standard database is not unified. In order to improve the above shortcomings, this paper will built an ontology knowledge database for Yunnan genera of seed plants endemic based on ontology, geography ontology and ontology integration technologies. This new ontology knowledge database will apply new technologies and theoretical basis for the further macroscopic research on Yunnan genera of seed plants endemic. And it will apply scientific decision and research methods for optimization adjustment on distribution of genera of seed plants endemic in Yunnan.
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33

Kubentayev, Serik A., Daniyar T. Alibekov, Yuri V. Perezhogin, Georgy A. Lazkov, Andrey N. Kupriyanov, Alexander L. Ebel, Klara S. Izbastina, Olga V. Borodulina, and Balsulu B. Kubentayeva. "Revised checklist of endemic vascular plants of Kazakhstan." PhytoKeys 238 (February 28, 2024): 241–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.238.114475.

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We compiled a checklist of endemic vascular plants occurring in Kazakhstan, employing an exhaustive examination of literature sources, herbarium collections, databases and field observations. Our study reveals that 451 taxa can be considered endemic to Kazakhstan, constituting 7.97% of the total vascular plant diversity in the country. These endemic taxa, originating from 139 genera and 34 families, predominantly thrive in the southern regions of Kazakhstan, specifically in the mountain ridges of the Kazakh part of the Tian Shan, including Karatau (123 taxa), Dzungarian Alatau (80 taxa) and Trans-Ili and Kungey Alatau (50 taxa). Notably, 107 endemic species are granted legal protection. Detailed information regarding life form, life cycle, conservation status and geographical distribution across floristic regions was meticulously compiled for each endemic taxon. Of the six groups of life forms, herbs include the highest part of endemic taxa (367 taxa), followed by dwarf semishrubs (25 taxa), shrubs (23 taxa), subshrubs (20 taxa), undershrubs (13 taxa) and trees (3 taxa). The observed life cycles are perennials (408 taxa), annuals (33 taxa) and biennials (10 taxa). This paper serves as a fundamental groundwork for prospective investigations aimed at assessing population sizes and hotspots of plant endemism throughout Kazakhstan, crucial for determining conservation status of endemic plants.
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ABO HATAB, ASMAA S., YASSIN M. AL-SODANY, KAMAL H. SHALTOUT, SOLIMAN A. HAROUN, and MOHAMED M. EL-KHALAFY. "Saharo-Sindian endemic flora of Egypt: critical checklist, floristic analysis, habitats, and phytogeographic distribution." Phytotaxa 647, no. 2 (May 9, 2024): 121–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.647.2.1.

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The Saharo-Sindian region is characterized by savannas, semi-deserts, and hot deserts. This floristic region includes Morocco, Mauretania, Algeria, Libya, Egypt, Palestine, Kuwait, Saudi Arabia, Qatar, Bahrain, United Arab Emirates, Oman, Yemen, South of Jordan, Syria, Iraq, Afghanistan, Pakistan, in addition to the Sind region. The Sudano-Zambezian region, part of the Paleotropical Kingdom, and the Mediterranean and Irano-Turanian regions, included in the Holarctic Kingdom, share a significant portion of their flora with the studied region. This study initiates the examination of the Saharo-Sindian endemic plants occurring in Egypt. Its objectives include assessing the list of endemic plants within this floristic region, and studying various aspects such as: life forms, habitats, rarity forms, flowering times, dispersal types, and phytogeographical distribution. Twenty field trips were conducted from spring 2020 to September 2023, investigating different regions in Egypt. In addition, all the previous studies performed in the investigated area, scientific literature, and specimens from the region housed in different herbaria have been taken into consideration. The inventory of plants that are endemic to the Saharo-Sindian floristic region in Egypt comprises 126 plant taxa (109 species, 17 subspecies) distributed across 87 genera and 37 families. These endemics are found in 11 habitat types, with the most abundant occurrences observed in inland rocky areas (82 taxa) and temperate shrublands (57 taxa). Moreover, South Sinai stands out as the richest region for Saharo-Sindian endemics, hosting a remarkable 83 taxa, which constitute 65.9% of the total endemics. Among these, the chamaephytes group leads with 56 taxa, followed by the therophytes with 32 taxa. Pogonochores (45 taxa) are the most represented dispersal type. This study holds significant importance in evaluating a critical checklist of plants endemic to the Saharo-Sindian region in Egypt, contributing to our understanding of species diversity in regions facing severe anthropogenic disturbance. This list provides a foundational reference for future monitoring programs.
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35

Alfonzetti, Matthew, Malin C. Rivers, Tony D. Auld, Tom Le Breton, Tim Cooney, Stephanie Stuart, Heidi Zimmer, et al. "Shortfalls in extinction risk assessments for plants." Australian Journal of Botany 68, no. 6 (2020): 466. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt20106.

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Research on species recovery, reintroduction, and conservation disproportionally focusses on birds and mammals. Typically, less attention is given to hyper-diverse but ecologically important groups such as plants and invertebrates. In this study, we focussed on a continent with one of the world’s highest proportions of endemic plant species (Australia) comparing the number of extinction risk assessments relative to birds and mammals. Specifically, we generated a checklist of Australian endemic vascular plants and used three resources which differ in styles and scope to collate information on how many have an extinction risk assessment – the ThreatSearch database, International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List, and Environment Protection and Biodiversity Conservation Act 1999, (EPBC Act). Between 76 and 93% of endemic Australian plants examined lack an extinction risk assessment based on data from our three sources. We also compared the proportions of endemic plants assessed relative to birds and mammals. Of all endemic plant taxa examined, only 6.8% have been assessed under the EPBC Act, compared with 9.4% of birds and 28.9% of mammals. Similarly, only 8.8% of endemic plants have been assessed for the IUCN Red List, compared with 29.1% of birds and 61.1% of mammals, whereas all birds and mammals have been examined in National Action Plans. This represents a significant underestimation of the actual proportion of Australian endemic plants that are likely to satisfy extinction-risk criteria for listing as threatened. This shortfall in risk assessments for plants is a matter of international significance for conservation given Australia’s high rate of plant endemism. A change in policy and approach to assessing extinction risk is needed to ensure adequate assessment effort across different taxonomic groups.
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Thorne, J. H., J. H. Viers, J. Price, and D. M. Stoms. "Spatial Patterns of Endemic Plants in California." Natural Areas Journal 29, no. 4 (October 2009): 344–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.3375/043.029.0402.

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37

Kim, Kun-Ok, Sun-Hee Hong, Yong-Ho Lee, Chae-Sun Na, Byeung-Hoa Kang, and Yo-Whan Son. "Taxonomic Status of Endemic Plants in Korea." Journal of Ecology and Environment 32, no. 4 (November 30, 2009): 277–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5141/jefb.2009.32.4.277.

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38

Bowen, Lizabeth, and Dirk Van Vuren. "Insular Endemic Plants Lack Defenses Against Herbivores." Conservation Biology 11, no. 5 (October 16, 1997): 1249–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1523-1739.1997.96368.x.

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39

Melendo, Manuel. "Endemic plants of the southern Iberian Peninsula." Ecologia mediterranea 30, no. 2 (2004): 237–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.3406/ecmed.2004.1467.

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40

Wolf, Amy. "Conservation of endemic plants in serpentine landscapes." Biological Conservation 100, no. 1 (July 2001): 35–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0006-3207(00)00205-6.

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41

Hudson, J. B., M. K. Lee, and P. Rasoanaivo. "Antiviral Activities In Plants Endemic To Madagascar." Pharmaceutical Biology 38, no. 1 (January 2000): 36–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1076/1388-0209(200001)3811-bft036.

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42

Freid, Ethan, Javier Francisco-Ortega, and Brett Jestrow. "Endemic Seed Plants in the Bahamian Archipelago." Botanical Review 80, no. 3 (August 7, 2014): 204–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12229-014-9137-z.

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43

Lange, P. J. de, and B. G. Murray. "Chromosome numbers of Norfolk Island endemic plants." Australian Journal of Botany 51, no. 2 (2003): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt02101.

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Documented chromosome numbers are reported for the first time for 11 (encompassing 11 genera and families) of the 49 endemic vascular plants from Norfolk Island. Confirmatory counts are provided for the endemic Achyranthes arborescens and Rhopalostylis baueri var. baueri. At least 11 of the taxa counted are probable polyploids, supporting the common cytological feature of oceanic island floras. In addition to these new counts, we also infer a base number of x = 5 for the recently reinstated monogeneric Pennantiaceae and query the generic placement of the two arborescent species of Achyranthes, A. arborescens and A. margaretarum.
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Ollerton, Jeff, Louise Cranmer, Ralph J. Stelzer, Steve Sullivan, and Lars Chittka. "Bird pollination of Canary Island endemic plants." Naturwissenschaften 96, no. 2 (October 18, 2008): 221–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00114-008-0467-8.

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45

Külkamp, Josimar, Gustavo Heiden, and João Ricardo Vieira Iganci. "Endemic plants from the Southern Brazilian Highland Grasslands." Rodriguésia 69, no. 2 (June 2018): 429–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2175-7860201869214.

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Abstract The flora of the subtropical highland grasslands in Southern Brazil, locally known as Campos de Cima da Serra, is within the Atlantic Forest hotspot, and has being highlighted by its richness, having around 25% of endemic plants. Those formations require specific studies to estimate its species richness and to protect its natural resources. This study aimed to map and to analyze the distribution of endemic taxa from these grasslands based on available herbarium collections databases as sources for highlighting important taxonomic groups for future studies. We verified how much of those endemic taxa are inside protected areas, and recognized the most important taxa and areas for future studies. All the data about each endemic taxon was obtained through visiting herbaria, online databases, collecting expeditions and published references. Distribution maps for endemic species were prepared. As the main result, we describe and map the distribution of the endemic flora of this species rich vegetation formation and highlight the threatened taxa as priority for future taxonomic and conservation studies. Our results also point out the central-west of Santa Catarina and central Paraná states as priority areas for future studies considering its high diversity of taxa.
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TRUJANO-ORTEGA, MARYSOL, ARMANDO LUIS-MARTÍNEZ, ISABEL VARGAS-FERNÁNDEZ, OMAR ÁVALOS-HERNÁNDEZ, and JORGE LLORENTE-BOUSQUETS. "Introduction to the analysis, synthesis, and comparisons of endemic butterflies in Mexico." Zootaxa 5479, no. 1 (July 12, 2024): 1–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5479.1.1.

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Endemic species are biological singularities whose relevance lies in their unique history and the information they provide about the history of the area where they are distributed. This is the first compilation study that brings together all the available information on endemics of butterflies, a highly diverse insect group in Mexico. Based on the records of 272 endemic taxa deposited in biological collections, we generate distribution maps for each taxon, and describe the patterns of endemic distribution. We analyze the results based on biogeographical provinces, vegetation types, and altitudinal levels. We compared these distribution patterns with those of endemic taxa of vertebrates, plants, and other insect groups in Mexico. The greatest number of endemic butterflies is in the southwestern portion of the country, in the Sierra Madre del Sur and the Pacific Lowlands. In terms of ecological distribution, endemism is distributed mostly at low and middle elevations in Seasonally Dry Tropical Forests, Temperate Forests and Mountain Humid Forests, the latter being of special importance due to its reduced extent in the country. The similarity in species composition groups the provinces into three clusters that generally agree with the Nearctic and Neotropical regions, and the Mexican Transition Zone. In addition, we describe the sampling biases at the family and subfamily levels as well as the undersampled biogeographical provinces, considering the estimation of endemic richness and the heterogeneity of the area. With this information, taxa and priority areas are identified to allocate the sampling effort and thus increase knowledge about the endemic taxa of the country. Nymphalidae were the family with the most records and endemic taxa, while Lycaenidae were the least endemic family in the country. We propose the Sierra Madre Occidental as the highest priority for directing the sampling effort for endemic butterflies. Finally, we discuss the historical and ecological causes of the distribution of endemic butterflies and compare it to the distribution patterns of endemic vertebrates and plants. Insects represent most biodiversity worldwide and are relatively poorly known compared to vertebrates or vascular plants. However, insects are just as threatened by ecosystem modification as other taxa. This work contributes to the urgent need to record biodiversity and thus prioritize conservation and resource management schemes.
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Kenzhina, Kulpash Dakenovna, and Almagul Auelbekova. "Bioecological features and economic significance of rare, endangered and endemic plant species of the State Agricultural Enterprise “Buiratau”." Bulletin of the Karaganda University. “Biology, medicine, geography Series” 103, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 64–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.31489/2021bmg3/64-72.

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The presented article is devoted to the assessment of the bioecological features and economic significance of rare, endangered and endemic plants, unique groups of vascular plants of the state National Naturo Park «Buiratau», Republic of Kazakhstan, opened relatively recently. The authors, systematized obtained from the sources of scientific literature, the information, as well as using the definitions of various basic scientific methods, have compiled this scientific work. Based on the results of these studies, an actual bioecological review and economic characteristics of 24 species of rare and endangered plants of the National Park «Buiratau», 10 species of plants listed in the Red Book and 7 species of endemics were compiled. According to the results of the research of the object and the research of recent years, 610 species of vascular plants belonging to 288 genera from 75 families were identified on the territory. Among the named endemics there are 7 species belonging to 5 families and 6 genera. This is 1/4 of the total endemic plant available in Central Kazakhstan. And 10 of the 387 species listed in the Red Book are found in this territory. Also, the number of rare plants in this area today has reached 24 species. Among them are species rare not only for Karaganda region, but for the whole Kazakhstan.
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48

Shin, Hyun Tak, Myung Hoon YI, Jung Won Yoon, Ji Hyun Yoo, Byoung-Chun Lee, and Eun-Hee Park. "Distribution of Rare Plants and Endemic Plants in Jirisan National Park." Journal of Korean Nature 3, no. 4 (December 2010): 219–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1976-8648(14)60026-8.

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49

Murugesan, M., and V. Balasubramaniam. "A Checklist of endangered, rare and threatened plants in Velliangiri hills, Tamil Nadu, India with special reference to Peninsular Indian endemic plants." Journal of Non-Timber Forest Products 16, no. 3 (September 1, 2009): 225–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.54207/bsmps2000-2009-t5jje9.

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Abstract:
The present paper highlights the endangered, rare and threatened plants in Velliangiri hills of the Western Ghats of Coimbatore district, Tamil Nadu, India with special reference to peninsular Indian endemic plants. Among the total number of 174 species, 19 species are endemic to Peninsular India, 113 species are endemic to Western Ghats, 22 species to Nilgiri Biosphere Reserve, 20 species to Tamil Nadu with only one species endemic to present study area. Apart from these, among the total number of 174 species, 13 species are reported first time from the state of Tamil Nadu.
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50

PERCY, DIANA M. "A new endemic psyllid genus, Stevekenia gen. nov. (Hemiptera: Psylloidea, Triozidae), from the Hawaiian Islands with two new and rare species on threatened host plants in the endemic genus Nothocestrum (Solanaceae)." Zootaxa 4286, no. 3 (July 3, 2017): 370. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4286.3.4.

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A new endemic psyllid genus from the Hawaiian Islands, Stevekenia gen. nov., is described. Two new species, both single island endemics, feed on host plants in the endemic genus Nothocestrum (Solanaceae). Stevekenia nothocestri sp. nov. is found on Nothocestrum longifolium on the island of Oahu and Stevekenia aiea sp. nov. is found on N. peltatum on the island of Kauai. The host plants are montane rainforest species and both are on the IUCN Red List of Threatened Species. In particular, N. peltatum, which is endemic to the island of Kauai, is considered critically endangered, and therefore a similarly endangered status for these host-specific insects is likely. Only a few specimens of each Stevekenia species have been found, suggesting occurrence at low abundance. The host plants survive either as isolated individuals or small fragmented populations, which may already constitute less than the required critical host plant density for the long term survival of this psyllid genus. Unique morphological characters distinguish Stevekenia from other Hawaiian genera, and the placement of this genus within Triozidae is discussed. Mitochondrial DNA barcodes for the new species are provided.
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