Journal articles on the topic 'Endangered languages – New Caledonia'
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1
Pintaud, J. C., T. Jaffré, and J. M. Veillon. "Conservation status of New Caledonia palms." Pacific Conservation Biology 5, no. 1 (1999): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/pc990009.
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An assessment of the conservation status of the palm species occuring in New Caledonia is provided, based on the new IUCN Red List categories. To determine the conservation status of each species, their extent of occurrence was determined using locality data on herbarium collections. Area of occupancy, number of adults, regeneration, and threats were evaluated on 62 localities throughout the Territory, including all types of palm habitats and all localities of species occurring at less than five sites. Among the 37 palm species known in New Caledonia, all are endemic and 13 are in a threatened category, including four critically endangered, one endangered, and eight vulnerable. Only four of the threatened species are represented in a reserve. Six species are listed as LRcd since they are adequately protected in a reserve despite an acute restriction of their range. Recommendations are given to improve the network of protected areas to include more threatened species.
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LANNUZEL, GUILLAUME, MARC PIGNAL, and GILDAS GÂTEBLÉ. "Pytinicarpa (Asteraceae, Astereae) in New Caledonia." Phytotaxa 574, no. 2 (November 29, 2022): 121–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.574.2.1.
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The genus Pytinicarpa G.L.Nesom is taxonomically revised in New Caledonia with four species recognised. The circumscription of one previously published species, P. sarasinii (Däniker) G.L.Nesom, is discussed and updated, and P. neocaledonica (Guillaumin) G.L.Nesom is placed in its synonymy. The name P. comptonii Gâteblé, Lannuzel & M.Pignal, nom. nov. is proposed to accommodate the former Lagenophora neocaledonica S.Moore in Pytinicarpa, and its lectotype is designated. Two new narrowly endemic species are also described. The first is from the top of Mount Kaala massif with the name P. kaalaensis Lannuzel, Gâteblé & M.Pignal, sp. nov. The second, P. tonitrui Lannuzel, Gateblé & M.Pignal, sp. nov. is from the Babouillat peninsula, and is supposedly extinct, as extensive field research did not allow to find it. The four species are fully described, illustrated, and keyed. The distribution, ecological affinities, and threats for the four species are discussed to support the assessments of conservation status for two of them as Endangered (EN), one as Critically Endangered (CR) and one as Extinct (EX), following the IUCN Red List guidelines and criteria.
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Mill, R. R., M. Ruhsam, P. I. Thomas, M. F. Gardner, and P. M. Hollingsworth. "ARAUCARIA GOROENSIS (ARAUCARIACEAE), A NEW MONKEY PUZZLE FROM NEW CALEDONIA, AND NOMENCLATURAL NOTES ON ARAUCARIA MUELLERI." Edinburgh Journal of Botany 74, no. 2 (February 15, 2017): 123–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0960428617000014.
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Araucaria goroensis R.R.Mill & Ruhsam sp. nov., a new monkey puzzle species from New Caledonia, is described and illustrated with photographs from the field and from herbarium specimens. Previously confused with Araucaria muelleri, it is more similar to A. rulei. It is distinguished from the latter species by its larger leaves, microsporophylls without a shouldered base, and shorter female cone bracts. It occurs in a very limited area of south-east New Caledonia, where its existence is threatened by nickel mining. Using the guidelines of the International Union for Conservation of Nature, we propose an assessment of Endangered for the new species and reassess Araucaria muelleri also as Endangered. A key to the seven species in the ‘large-leaved clade’ of New Caledonian species of Araucaria is given. The name Eutassa latifolia de Laub. is synonymised with Araucaria muelleri, and the recent typification of the latter name by Vieillard 1276 is rejected. Detailed reasoning is given for these nomenclatural acts.
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Boulard, Florence. "Picturebooks in New Caledonia." Waikato Journal of Education 27, no. 1 (May 5, 2022): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.15663/wje.v26i1.903.
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New Caledonia is a French overseas territory in the South Pacific with a long history of differing attitudes towards independence (Fisher, 2019). The local government aims to challenge French cultural hegemony by building a “New Caledonian School” (Gouvernement de la Nouvelle-Calédonie, 2016). That is, a school in which students are exposed to resources that reflect the realities of the country and allow for marginalised groups to become more visible in the curriculum. It is through this context that this article investigates how children’s literature, in particular picturebooks, began developing in New Caledonia. Children’s literature in New Caledonia is a relatively new phenomenon. Using Gramsci’s theory of hegemony, the paper explains the history of picturebooks in New Caledonia and their role in the curriculum. The official language of New Caledonia is French, but there are also 28 Kanak languages. Surrounded by Anglophone nations, such as Australia and New Zealand, education policies were put in place on this island to introduce English to students from primary school (Bissoonauth-Bedford, 2018). As a result, this article describes and analyses a bilingual picturebook written in French and English by Stephane Moysan (2017), entitled Yana’s Treasure: An Amazing Trip in New Caledonia. In particular, it reviews how this picturebook provides opportunities to bring to consciousness essential elements of Pacific French culture and identity both within and beyond the New Caledonian context.
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Ozanne-Rivierre, Francoise. "Structural Changes in the Languages of Northern New Caledonia." Oceanic Linguistics 34, no. 1 (June 1995): 44. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623111.
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Cauchard, Aurelie. "Describing lexical flexibility in Caac (New Caledonia)." Lexical flexibility in Oceanic languages 41, no. 2 (September 19, 2017): 521–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/sl.41.2.09cau.
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Abstract Like other New Caledonian languages (see Ozanne-Rivierre 1998: 33–34 for Nyelâyu; see Bril 2002: 89–95, 2009, this volume for Nêlêmwa; see also Moyse-Faurie 2004: 15–61), Caac displays little categorial flexibility and, based on formal grounds, one can clearly identify two main syntactic categories: nouns and verbs, in addition to other small classes such as adverbs, adjectives or prepositions. Nouns, however, have the ability to be polyfunctional, and can function as the head of referential expressions as well as the head of predicative expressions in equative constructions, and in a certain type of presentative and spatial constructions, without undergoing any morphological change. By contrast, verbs require deverbal derivation in order to function as the head of referential expressions, a process mainly used for word creation purposes. There is in addition a small number of lexical bases which can function as the head of predicative and referential expressions indifferently. An analysis of the syntactic context in which they occur enables us to interpret them in a particular utterance. Similar lexemes in neighbouring languages have been analysed as flexible lexemes (Bril 2009: 2; in press). In this paper, I would like to explore the extent to which those lexemes can be differentiated from nouns (notably indirectly possessed free nouns) and verbs in Caac, depending on whether one puts the emphasis on formal or semantic criteria.
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Swenson, Ulf, and Jérôme Munzinger. "Revision of Pycnandra subgenus Pycnandra (Sapotaceae), a genus endemic to New Caledonia." Australian Systematic Botany 22, no. 6 (2009): 437. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb09029.
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Pycnandra Benth. is a member of the pantropical family Sapotaceae (Chrysophylloideae) and the Niemeyera complex, a group that is found in Australia and New Caledonia. Generic limits in the complex have been problematic and Pycnandra is here given a circumscription to include the entire clade that is restricted to New Caledonia. Several lineages are therefore relegated to the subgeneric level that will subsequently be revised. In a first step, we revise P. subgenus Pycnandra with 12 recognised species, of which seven (P. atrofusca, P. cylindricarpa, P. glaberrima, P. linearifolia, P. longipetiolata, P. paucinervia and P. viridiflora) are described as new. Subgenus Pycnandra is endemic to Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. The members grow in a wide range of habitats from dry maquis vegetation to moist humid forest, from sea level to the higher massif, and on ultramafic soils to schist and greywacke. Diagnostic characters for Pycnandra include absence of staminodes, a single-seeded fruit, plano-convex cotyledons and lack of endosperm. A glabrous ovary is a useful character distinguishing P. subgenus Pycnandra from the congeners, although there are two exceptions. P. viridiflora is included in the subgenus even though it has a pubescent ovary and Ochrothallus wagapensis is excluded despite a glabrous ovary. Because of past and present mining and logging activities in New Caledonia, conservation assessments are urgently needed. Preliminary IUCN Red List assessments are here provided for all members of the subgenus Pycnandra. Three species (P. longipetiolata, P. paniensis and P. paucinervia) are proposed the IUCN status Endangered and another (P. viridiflora) is proposed to be Critically Endangered.
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Snow, Neil. "Kanakomyrtus (Myrtaceae): A New Endemic Genus from New Caledonia with Linear Stigma Lobes and Baccate Fruits." Systematic Botany 34, no. 2 (June 1, 2009): 330–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364409788606253.
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Kanakomyrtus (Myrtaceae) is a newly described genus endemic to New Caledonia. Kanakomyrtus myrtopsidoides, the generic type, is transferred from Eugenia. Five new species are described: K. mcphersonii, K. revoluta, K. dawsoniana, K. prominens, and K. longipetiolata. The genus occurs in forests at elevations between 500–1,600 m on the relatively mesic windward side of the Grande Terre. It is distinct from other baccate genera of Myrtaceae by a combination of linear stylar lobes, densely glandular stamens and stigmas, and a short but densely hoary indumentum that is brownish when dry. The thinly membranous partitions that partially extend between the seeds of some species suggest a close relationship to Archirhodomyrtus and some species traditionally placed in Rhodomyrtus and Octamyrtus. Four of the six species have unisexual flowers, but much additional field work is needed to assess the reproductive biology of the genus. Following IUCN guidelines, four species are proposed as either Endangered or Critically Endangered, whereas the remaining species are considered Vulnerable and of Low Concern. Species descriptions, illustrations, distribution maps, and keys to species of the genus and related taxa of baccate Myrtaceae from New Caledonia are included.
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Swenson, Ulf, and Jérôme Munzinger. "Taxonomic revision of Pycnandra subgenus Trouettia (Sapotaceae), with six new species from New Caledonia." Australian Systematic Botany 23, no. 5 (2010): 333. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb10025.
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Pycnandra (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is endemic to New Caledonia, with ~60 species, and is subdivided into five (or six) subgenera. Here, we revise P. subg. Trouettia and recognise 17 species of which six (P. bourailensis, P. caeruleilatex, P. confusa, P. elliptica, P. pubiflora and P. sessiliflora) are described as new and provide 10 new combinations. The subgenus is found only in Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia. The members occur in a wide range of habitats, from dry maquis vegetation to moist humid forest, from sea level to the higher massif, and all species except P. bourailensis and P. sarlinii are restricted to ultramafic soils. Pycnandra is characterised by the absence of staminodes, a single-seeded fruit, plano-convex cotyledons and the absence of endosperm. Pycnandra subg. Trouettia is distinguished on a character combination of several homoplastic features such as alternate and tomentulose leaves, pubescent ovary and a broad seed scar. The corolla is tomentulose on the outer surface of six species, a character shared with one species in P. subg. Achradotypus. Because of past and present mining activities in New Caledonia and because these species are restricted to habitats on ultramafic soils, conservation assessments are urgently needed. Preliminary IUCN Red List assessments are provided for all members of subg. Trouettia. Six taxa (P. deplanchei subsp. deplanchei, P. deplanchei subsp. floribunda, P. intermedia, P. obscurinerva, P. sarlinii, P. sessiliflora) are proposed the IUCN status of Vulnerable; P. caeruleilatex, P. elliptica and P. schmidii are considered to be Endangered, and the two species P. bourailensis and P. confusa are proposed to be listed as Critically Endangered.
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Gâteblé, Gildas, and Jérôme Munzinger. "Novitates neocaledonicae X: A very rare and threatened new microendemic species of Acropogon (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae) from New Caledonia." PhytoKeys 110 (October 26, 2018): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.110.27599.
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A new species, Acropogonhorarius Gâteblé & Munzinger, sp. nov. (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae), is described from New Caledonia. It is known only from two very small subpopulations in the rainforests of the Petchécara Pass between Thio and Canala, in the southeast of Grande-Terre, New Caledonia’s main island. This shrub to small tree has hastate leaves and minute sessile tubular whitish-yellowish flowers and is strikingly different from all other members of the genus. The type locality is geologically complex and located within one of only four amphibolite lenses known in New Caledonia. A line drawing and colour photos are provided for the new species, along with a preliminary risk of extinction assessment, which indicates that the species is Critically Endangered.
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Barrabé, Laure. "Four new species of Psychotria (Rubiaceae) from New Caledonia, including one presumed to be extinct." Phytotaxa 173, no. 2 (June 25, 2014): 101. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.173.2.1.
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Psychotria (Rubiaceae) is the second largest genus of flowering plants in New Caledonia. A taxonomic revision in progress for this archipelago estimates the number of species as 81, all of them endemic, and 25 of which are new to science. Four of them are described and illustrated here: P. fambartiae, P. ireneae, P. nigotei and P. veillonii. Robust morphological characteristics were found to distinguish these four from other New Caledonian species. Psychotria veillonii, which is known only from the massif of Tiébaghi, might already be extinct as a result of intensive nickel mining in the area. According to the IUCN criteria, P. nigotei, should be considered Critically Endangered as it occurs only in two locations, which are close to one another; P. ireneae and P. fambartiae are considered Endangered and Vulnerable respectively, given their somewhat larger but limited distributions.
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Gâteblé, Gildas, Laurence Ramon, and Jean-François Butaud. "A new coastal species of Pseuderanthemum (Acanthaceae) from Loyalty Islands (New Caledonia) and Vanuatu with notes on P. carruthersii." PhytoKeys 128 (July 29, 2019): 73–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/phytokeys.128.36325.
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When dealing with the taxonomy of Pacific coastal species within the region of New Caledonia and Vanuatu, one should examine all names published in Australasia and other Pacific islands. When the putative new species is also closely related to a highly praised ornamental species with many cultigens and with many old horticultural names, the task becomes more arduous. This is the case for the new species we describe as Pseuderanthemummelanesicum Gâteblé, Ramon & Butaud, which is closely related to the now pantropical cultivated species P.carruthersii (Seem.) Guillaumin s.l. Compared to P.carruthersii, P.melanesicum has carnose and shiny leaves, pedicels and sepals covered with glandular hairs, a short and enlarged corolla tube and can produce fertile capsules. The new species is a coastal taxon occurring naturally in the Melanesian archipelagos of New Caledonia and Vanuatu. This species seems uncommon in the Loyalty Islands but more common in the archipelago of Vanuatu and we propose it as Critically Endangered in New Caledonia, Vulnerable in Vanuatu and Least Concern when the IUCN evaluation is done globally.
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Swenson, Ulf, Johan A. A. Nylander, and Jérôme Munzinger. "Phylogeny, species delimitation and revision of Pleioluma (Sapotaceae) in New Caledonia, a frequently gynodioecious genus." Australian Systematic Botany 31, no. 2 (2018): 120. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb17040.
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Pleioluma (Baill.) Baehni (Sapotaceae) circumscribes some 40 medium-sized trees and shrubs, many gynodioecious, in Australia, Malesia and New Caledonia. Systematics of the group is unclear and delimitations of species are notoriously difficult. We explore species boundaries in New Caledonia by multiple accessions of ‘species’, molecules and morphology in a Bayesian framework. The molecular phylogenetic signal is weak, but morphology provides enough information to support groups, species and recognition of one cryptic species. Pleioluma is then revised for New Caledonia, a genus distinguished by areolate higher leaf venation, sepals being pubescent on both surfaces, stamens inserted in or below the middle of the corolla tube, presence of staminodes, foliaceous cotyledons and endosperm. Seventeen endemic species are recognised with descriptions, recognition notes, distributions, etymologies and conservation assessments. Six species are described as new, of which four are assigned IUCN preliminary status as Critically Endangered and in urgent need of protection (Pleioluma acutifolia Swenson & Munzinger, P. belepensis Swenson & Munzinger, P. butinii Swenson & Munzinger and P. tchingouensis Swenson & Munzinger). The new species, P. dioica Swenson & Munzinger and P. tenuipedicellata Swenson & Munzinger are respectively assessed as Data Deficient and Vulnerable. The micro-endemic species P. vieillardii (Baill.) Swenson & Munzinger, confined to the Koniambo massif, is also critically endangered and needs urgent conservation management.
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Munzinger, Jerome, and Sebastien Levionnois. "Novitates neocaledonicae III: A new species of Citronella (Cardiopteridaceae) endemic to New Caledonia." Phytotaxa 245, no. 3 (January 29, 2016): 223. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.245.3.5.
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A new species of Cardiopteridaceae, Citronella hirsuta, endemic to the east-central part of New Caledonia’s main island, Grande Terre, distinguished on the basis of morphological evidence, is described and illustrated. This new species is distinguished by its densely hirsute leaves, while the two others species of Citronella occurring in New Caledonia have glabrous leaves. Citronella hirsuta is restricted to ultramafic substrate, and only known from areas that are situated within mining concessions. A preliminarily IUCN conservation status of Endangered (EN) is proposed.
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Mittermeier, R. A., T. B. Werner, and A. Lees. "New Caledonia – a conservation imperative for an ancient land." Oryx 30, no. 2 (April 1996): 104–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0030605300021487.
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When Myers (1988) published his first overview of threatened hotspots for conservation of biodiversity world-wide, most of the 10 areas he selected (for example, Madagascar, the Atlantic Forest of Brazil, the eastern slope of the Andes) were already known to be critically important. However, one of his hotspots, the small island territory of New Caledonia in the South Pacific, was an unexpected inclusion in the global priority list. Although well known to botanists as a living museum of unique and ancient plants, and to marine biologists as the site of the world's second largest coastal barrier reef, New Caledonia had been largely overlooked by the international conservation community. None the less, it ranks as one of the world's most endangered biodiversity hotspots and requires an immediate and substantial commitment of conservation resources.
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Munzinger, Jérôme, Porter P. Lowry, Martin W. Callmander, and Sven Buerki. "A New Micro-Endemic Species of Alectryon (Sapindaceae) from Koghis Forest, New Caledonia." Systematic Botany 45, no. 1 (March 25, 2020): 156–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1600/036364420x15801369352414.
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Abstract—The new species Alectryon hirsutus is described from New Caledonia. It is distinguished from the only other member of the genus occurring on this southwest Pacific island, A. carinatus, by its uniformly densely hirsute indumentum (vs. glabrous or with short, appressed trichomes) as well as features of its leaves [(2‐)3‐5 pairs of leaflets vs. 1‐2]) and fruits (9‐16 × 16‐28 mm vs. 5.6‐13 × 5.7‐10.6 mm), along with its presence in dense humid forest (vs. sclerophyllous or lowland dry forest). A preliminary conservation status of Critically Endangered [CR] is suggested following IUCN Red List Categories and Criteria.
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BRUY, DAVID, LAURE BARRABÉ, and JÉRÔME MUNZINGER. "Novitates neocaledonicae VII: A new monocaulous species of Bocquillonia (Euphorbiaceae) from New Caledonia." Phytotaxa 360, no. 1 (July 10, 2018): 61. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.360.1.6.
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A new species of Euphorbiaceae, Bocquillonia corneri, narrowly endemic to the extreme north-east of New Caledonia’s main island, is here highlighted, described and illustrated, based on original morphological and architectural characteristics. This new species differs notably by its unique monocaulous tree habit, while other Bocquillonia species are ramified shrubs, small monocaulous shrubs or well reiterated trees. A previous identification key to Bocquillonia species is expanded to include this new species. Bocquillonia corneri is located in a very confined gully forest at low-elevation on volcano-sedimentary substrate. A preliminary IUCN conservation status of Critically Endangered (CR) is proposed.
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Swenson, Ulf, and Jérôme Munzinger. "Revision of Pycnandra subgenus Achradotypus (Sapotaceae), with five new species from New Caledonia." Australian Systematic Botany 23, no. 3 (2010): 185. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb09049.
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Pycnandra is a genus of Sapotaceae (Chrysophylloideae), restricted to New Caledonia, and includes ~60 species. The genus is a member of the monophyletic Niemeyera complex of Australia and New Caledonia and it is characterised by the lack of staminodes and a fruit containing a single seed, plano-convex cotyledons and absence of endosperm. In New Caledonia, several segregate genera have been recognised, but weak cladistic support for these groups and homoplasious morphology renders a narrow generic concept untenable. Instead, a broad generic circumscription of Pycnandra with an infrageneric classification recognising the subgenera Achradotypus, Leptostylis, Pycnandra, Sebertia and Trouettia results in a stable nomenclature. Here we revise Pycnandra subg. Achradotypus that includes 14 species, of which five (P. belepensis, P. blaffartii, P. bracteolata, P. glabella, and P. ouaiemensis) are described as new. Members of subg. Achradotypus are distinguished from other subgenera on the basis of a character combination of two stamens opposite each corolla lobe (except P. litseiflora), glabrous leaves (except P. belepensis and P. decandra), a distinctive reticulate tertiary leaf venation (except P. comptonii), and sepal-like bracts that often are borne along the pedicel. All species are restricted to Grande Terre except for P. decandra, whose distribution also extends to nearby Art Island (Belep Islands), and P. belepensis, which is endemic to that same island. The members grow in a wide range of vegetation types from dry maquis to humid forest, from sea level to the highest mountain massif, and on ultramafic soils to schist and greywacke (not limestone). Because of past and present threats such as mining, logging and fire, preliminary IUCN Red List assessments are provided for all species. Five taxa (P. chartacea, P. decandra subsp. decandra, P. glabella, P. litseiflora, and P. neocaledonica) are proposed the IUCN status Endangered, and P. belepensis and P. ouaiemensis are proposed to be Critically Endangered. We suggest that some locations where these species occur should be given protection in the form of nature reserves.
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Ozanne-Rivierre, Francoise. "The Proto-Oceanic Consonantal System and the Languages of New Caledonia." Oceanic Linguistics 31, no. 2 (1992): 191. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/3623014.
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Vernaudon, Jacques. "Linguistic Ideologies: Teaching Oceanic Languages in French Polynesia and New Caledonia." Contemporary Pacific 27, no. 2 (2015): 433–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1353/cp.2015.0048.
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Swenson, Ulf, and Jérôme Munzinger. "Revision of Pichonia (Sapotaceae) in New Caledonia." Australian Systematic Botany 25, no. 1 (2012): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb11027.
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Pichonia Pierre (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is a small genus of 10 species in Australasia, of which seven are endemic to New Caledonia. We revise the genus for New Caledonia and describe one new species (P. grandiflora), resurrect another (P. dubia) and make two new combinations because of nomenclatural priority (P. balansae, P. deplanchei). P. balansae has been known for decades as P. calomeris, a name that in fact has never been validly published. The members are mainly found in Grande Terre, the main island of New Caledonia, but two species extend to Belep Islands in the north and to Isle of Pines in the south of the archipelago. Most grow in maquis vegetation at low altitudes, on ultramafic soils, preferably serpentinite. The exceptions are P. balansana, confined to limestone areas, and P. dubia that is a large canopy tree of the humid forest on ultramafic soil. Pichonia is distinguished by a character combination of an areolate higher venation, staminodes, a single-seeded fruit, plano-convex cotyledons and absence of endosperm. Because of being restricted to ultramafic soils, they are subsequently sensitive to present and future mining activities in New Caledonia. Hence, preliminary IUCN Red List assessments for all members are provided. P. balansana, P. daenikeri and P. lecomtei are all naturally uncommon, do not occur in any protected area and are proposed the IUCN status of Vulnerable. The herein described species P. grandiflora is rare in nature, known only from the Boulinda–Paéoua–Kopéto Mountains, and is in urgent need of protection. It is therefore assigned a preliminary status of Endangered.
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Repanšek, Luka. "The Oxford Handbook of Endangered Languages." Journal for Foreign Languages 11, no. 1 (December 30, 2019): 375–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.4312/vestnik.11.375-377.
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The last few years have seen an increase in handbooks – monographs that should by any standard aim to function as well-rounded state-of-the-art reports on all the various relevant aspects that constitute a particular specialized field of a given scientific discipline – that seem to represent a new generation of reference works, one not necessarily too engaging.
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Chen, Chi Hua, and Li Hua Fang. "On Preservation of the Endangered Languages in Information Era: A Case Study of Tujia Language." Advanced Materials Research 756-759 (September 2013): 2068–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.756-759.2068.
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Language endangerment is deteriorating under the background of globalization. In the information era, the preservation of endangered languages is more urgent and important than before. The best preservation of the endangered languages is to study them. Based on the traditional research, a new system of the preservation of the endangered languages should be explored by using modern technology. This paper deals with this problem by taking Tujia language as an example.
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David, Maya, and Deepak Jain. "Preface." IARS' International Research Journal 11, no. 1 (February 8, 2021): 01–02. http://dx.doi.org/10.51611/iars.irj.v11i1.2021.157.
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This current issue (Vol. 11, No. 01, 2021) is a special edition of IARS’ International Research Journal with the theme of COVID-19 PANDEMIC AND ENDANGERED LANGUAGES. The issues has been edited by Prof. (Dr.) Maya Khemlani David and Prof. (Dr.) Prasannanshu.
The mentioned issue has been published as a Proceedings of the International Webinar on Covid-19 Pandemic, and the Endangered Languages held at the National Law University, Delhi, Sector-14, Dwarka, New Delhi, India From 9 – 10 July 2020. The same has been organized by the UGC Project on ‘Study and Research towards Preservation and Promotion of Indigenous and Endangered Languages in collaboration with the Centre for Linguistic Justice and Endangered Languages’, National Law University, Delhi.
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Kihm, Alain. "Tayo, The Strange Bird from New Caledonia." Journal of Pidgin and Creole Languages 10, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 225–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1075/jpcl.10.2.02kih.
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According to the Language Bioprogram Hypothesis, the core grammars of all "real" creoles should be alike to a significant degree. Real creoles are then defined as those creoles that were born on plantations, as opposed to those that appeared in so-called fort situations, that is, around trading posts and the like. The validity of the hypothesis depends on the precise characterization of what counts as a plantation situation, which is by no means an obvious task, contrary to what seems to have been assumed. An attempt toward such a characterization is made here. Tayo, a French-based creole spoken in the south of New Caledonia, can be considered a plantation creole and should therefore appear similar to, for example, Haitian and Isle-de-France Creole. That it differs radically from these languages in such basic domains as the determiner and the TMA systems, however, is easily demonstrated. Factors that might explain the difference are then examined, with the conclusion that only relexification from a substrate New Caledonian language can be retained as the primary reason for this difference. Although arguably a plantation creole, Tayo falls thus clearly outside the scope of the LBH, appearing rather as strong supportive evidence for the Relexification Hypothesis. Given the importance of the case for deciding between competing theories, further detailed investigation is urgently needed in order to ascertain whether Tayo is indeed a plantation creole, as it is seems to be, in view of the available historical and ecological evidence.
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Munzinger, Jerome. "Novitates neocaledonicae I: An additionnal new species of Planchonella (Sapotaceae) endemic to the Roches de la Ouaième." Phytotaxa 201, no. 1 (February 25, 2015): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.201.1.5.
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A new species of Planchonella, endemic to the Roches de la Ouaième in northeastern New Caledonia, is described and illustrated. Planchonella ulfii morphologically resembles P. roseoloba, while molecular data indicate a closer relation to P. minutiflora and P. koumaciensis, with all three species belonging to a clade characterized by ridged fruits. The new species brings the total for the genus to 37 species in New Caledonia, 36 of which are endemic to the archipelago. With a single known population comprising 10 individuals, a preliminary risk of extinction assessment using the IUCN Red List criteria indicates that it is Critically Endangered due to risk of fire faced by the shrubby vegetation found of the summit crest of the Roches de la Ouaième. The level of micro-endemism found at this site is discussed.
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BAUER, AARON M., TODD R. JACKMAN, ROSS A. SADLIER, and ANTHONY H. WHITAKER. "Revision of the giant geckos of New Caledonia (Reptilia: Diplodactylidae: Rhacodactylus)." Zootaxa 3404, no. 1 (July 31, 2012): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3404.1.1.
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We employed a molecular phylogenetic approach using the mitochondrial ND2 gene and five associated tRNAs(tryptophan, alanine, asparagine, cysteine, tyrosine) and the nuclear RAG1 gene to investigate relationships within thediplodactylid geckos of New Caledonia and particularly among the giant geckos, Rhacodactylus, a charismatic group oflizards that are extremely popular among herpetoculturalists. The current generic allocation of species within NewCaledonian diplodactylids does not adequately reflect their phylogenetic relationships. Bavayia madjo, a high-elevationendemic is not closely related to other Bavayia or to members of any other genus and is placed in a new genus, Paniegekkogen. nov. Rhacodactylus is not monophyletic. The small-bodied and highly autapomorphic genus Eurydactylodes isembedded within Rhacodactylus as sister to R. chahoua. Rhacodactylus ciliatus and R. sarasinorum are sister taxa but arenot part of the same clade as other giant geckos and the generic name Correlophus Guichenot is resurrected for them.Remaining New Caledonian giant geckos (R. leachianus, R. trachrhynchus, R. auriculatus) receive weak support as amonophyletic group. Although the monophyly of Rhacodactylus (including Eurydactylodes) exclusive of Correlophuscannot be rejected, our results support the recognition of a R. chahoua + Eurydactylodes clade separate fromRhacodactylus sensu stricto. Because of the distinctiveness of Eurydactylodes from R. chahoua (and other NewCaledonian ‘giant geckos’), we retain this name for the four species to which it has been consistently applied and erect anew genus, Mniarogekko gen. nov. to accommodate R. chahoua. There is little genetic differentiation within the narrowlydistributed Corrrelophis sarasinorum, but C. ciliatus from southern New Caledonia are both genetically andmorphologically differentiated from a recently discovered Correlophus from the Îles Belep, north of the Grande Terre,which is here described as C. belepensis sp. nov. Although only subtley different morphologically, the populations ofMniarogekko from the far northwest of the Grande Terre and from the Îles Belep are strongly differentiated geneticallyfrom M. chahoua populations in the central part of the Grande Terre and are described as M. jalu sp. nov. Rhacodactylusauriculatus exhibits some genetic substructure across its nearly island-wide range in New Caledonia, but overalldivergence is minimal. Rhacodactylus leachianus exhibits low levels of divergence across its range and southern insularforms previously assigned to R. l. henkeli are not divergent from southern Grande Terre populations. The few populationsof R. trachyrhynchus sampled are strongly divergent from one another and a specimen from Îlot Môrô near the Île des Pinsis especially distinctive. This specimen and others examined from Îlot Môrô are morphologically assignable to the speciesdescribed by Boulenger in 1878 as Chameleonurus trachycephalus and is recognized here as a full species. New diagnosesare provided for each of the eight genera of endemic New Caledonian diplodactylid geckos now recognized. The resultsof our study necessitate determinations of the conservation status of the new species described or recognized.Mniarogekko jalu sp. nov. is considered Endangered, but is locally abundant. Correlophus belepensis sp. nov. isconsidered Critically Endangered and is restricted to the ultramafic plateaux of Île Art. Although described from the Îledes Pins, we have only been able to confirm the existence of Rhacodactylus trachycephalus on the tiny satellite island ÎlotMôrô and consider it to be Critically Endangered. If indeed restricted to this islet, R. trachycephalus may well have the smallest range and perhaps the smallest population of any gecko in the world.
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Pang, Jiaxin, Wanlong Hu, Wentao Wang, Jialiang Li, and Kangshan Mao. "The complete chloroplast genome of Libocedrus chevalieri, a Critically Endangered species in New Caledonia." Mitochondrial DNA Part B 6, no. 9 (August 13, 2021): 2648–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/23802359.2021.1964399.
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Morel, Jérémie, Jérôme Duminil, and Jérôme Munzinger. "Bopopia, a new monotypic genus of Gesneriaceae (Gesnerioideae, Coronanthereae) from New Caledonia." European Journal of Taxonomy 736 (March 1, 2021): 82–101. http://dx.doi.org/10.5852/ejt.2021.736.1253.
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A new genus of Gesneriaceae, Bopopia Munzinger & J.R.Morel gen. nov., is described from New Caledonia. The genus is based on B. parviflora Munzinger & J.R.Morel gen. et sp. nov., a new species collected during an expedition on Mt Katalupaik, in the North Province of New Caledonia’s main island. Originally considered as a species of Coronanthera, our phylogenetic analysis – including 19 species within Coronanthereae and two individuals of B. parviflora gen. et sp. nov., and using three molecular markers (nuclear rDNA ITS, and chloroplast regions trnL-trnF and trnE-trnT) – showed that the new species is not close to Coronanthera in subtribe Coronantherinae, but belongs to subtribe Negriinae where it is sister to Depanthus. From that genus Bopopia gen. nov. differs in floral symmetry (zygomorphic vs actinomorphic) and the number of stamens (4 vs 5). From the other genera of Negriinae the new genus differs in the white corolla and its indeterminate thyrse with 3 to 5 levels of branching. The morphological circumscription of the subtribe Negriinae is amended to include Bopopia gen. nov. Two keys are provided, one to the subtribes in the tribe Coronanthereae, and one to the genera in subtribe Negriinae. Following the IUCN Red List categories and criteria, the conservation status of B. parviflora gen. et sp. nov. is provisionally assessed as Endangered (EN).
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MUNZINGER, JÉRÔME, and ULF SWENSON. "Pycnandra longiflora (Sapotaceae) a species believed to be extinct, rediscovered in New Caledonia." Phytotaxa 278, no. 2 (October 7, 2016): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.278.2.9.
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Pycnandra longiflora (Sapotaceae) belongs to the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia. It is only known from the type collection made in 1861–67 at the obscure locality “Gatope”. Relocation of this species has been of high priority for more than a decade, but without success. Pycnandra longiflora was therefore recently declared extinct. However, a population was recently discovered near a mining site at Onajiele, in the Ouazangou-Taom massif, and it is revealed that P. longiflora has the most spectacular flowers in the entire genus, being large and bicoloured in red and yellow. A thorough description is here outlined and we propose a preliminary IUCN status as Critically Endangered.
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Clark, Ruth, and EDELINE GAGNON. "A revision of Mezoneuron (Leguminosae: Caesalpinioideae) in New Caledonia, with perspectives on vegetation, geology, and conservation." Phytotaxa 207, no. 1 (May 5, 2015): 68. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.207.1.3.
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Mezoneuron is a genus segregated from Caesalpinia s.l. There are five species of Mezoneuron in New Caledonia, all of which are endemic to this island group. Full descriptions of the species are provided here, together with an identification key, a composite illustration, and distribution maps. Preliminary conservation assessments have been produced using distribution data from herbarium specimens in combination with knowledge of habitats and threats. These reveal a level of threat to each species ranging from Vulnerable to Critically Endangered. Three new combinations are proposed.
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Garrigue, Claire, Phillip J. Clapham, Ygor Geyer, Amy S. Kennedy, and Alexandre N. Zerbini. "Satellite tracking reveals novel migratory patterns and the importance of seamounts for endangered South Pacific humpback whales." Royal Society Open Science 2, no. 11 (November 2015): 150489. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsos.150489.
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The humpback whale population of New Caledonia appears to display a novel migratory pattern characterized by multiple directions, long migratory paths and frequent pauses over seamounts and other shallow geographical features. Using satellite-monitored radio tags, we tracked 34 whales for between 5 and 110 days, travelling between 270 and 8540 km on their southward migration from a breeding ground in southern New Caledonia. Mean migration speed was 3.53±2.22 km h −1 , while movements within the breeding ground averaged 2.01±1.63 km h −1 . The tag data demonstrate that seamounts play an important role as offshore habitats for this species. Whales displayed an intensive use of oceanic seamounts both in the breeding season and on migration. Seamounts probably serve multiple and important roles as breeding locations, resting areas, navigational landmarks or even supplemental feeding grounds for this species, which can be viewed as a transient component of the seamount communities. Satellite telemetry suggests that seamounts represent an overlooked cryptic habitat for the species. The frequent use by humpback whales of such remote locations has important implications for conservation and management.
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MUNZINGER, JÉRÔME, and GILDAS GÂTEBLÉ. "Novitates neocaledonicae VI: Acropogon mesophilus (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae), a rare and threatened new species from the mesic forest of New Caledonia." Phytotaxa 307, no. 3 (May 26, 2017): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.307.3.2.
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A new species, Acropogon mesophilus Munzinger & Gâteblé (Malvaceae, Sterculioideae), is described from New Caledonia. This species is endemic to non-ultramafic areas, along the southwestern coast of Grande-Terre. The species has large leaves, widely ovate to ovate, and entire, and might be confused with only two other endemic species, namely A. bullatus (Pancher & Sebert) Morat and A. veillonii Morat. However, A. mesophilus differs from the other two species most evidently by its leaves 3-nerved, flat, and with truncate to rounded bases, versus leaves 5-nerved, bullate, and with cordate bases. A line drawing and color photos are provided for the new species, along with a discussion of its morphological affinities and a preliminary risk of extinction assessment of Endangered.
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GÂTEBLÉ, GILDAS, DOMINIQUE FLEUROT, ULRICH MEVE, and SIGRID LIEDE-SCHUMANN. "An unorthodox, new endemic species in New Caledonian Marsdenia (Apocynaceae, Asclepiadoideae, Marsdenieae)." Phytotaxa 405, no. 3 (June 4, 2019): 121. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/phytotaxa.405.3.3.
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In the course of the writing of the Flore de la Nouvelle-Calédonie treatment for Asclepiadoideae, Periplocoideae and Secamonoideae, several new species have already arisen partly due to more intensive field work and to a renewed interest in this group of plants. In December 2018, another striking and unorthodox new species was spotted and collected on the flanks of the Kopéto massif mining site. Because this new species has morphological characters from three genera (Dischidia, Gymnema and Marsdenia), further studies, especially molecular, were needed to assess its relationships. These studies show it as a member of one of the New Caledonian Marsdenia subclades. We herein propose to describe it as Marsdenia goromotoorum Gâteblé, Fleurot, Meve & Liede, the only species of Marsdenia in New Caledonia lacking both corolline and gynostegial coronas. It is a micro-endemic species with pinkish-red tubular flowers, growing on serpentines and known from only eight plants. Due to the anthropogenic fire threat, we propose to consider it as Critically Endangered.
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Swenson, Ulf, Jérôme Munzinger, Stephan Nylinder, and Gildas Gâteblé. "The largest endemic genus in New Caledonia grows: three new species of Pycnandra (Sapotaceae) restricted to ultramafic substrate with updated subgeneric keys." Australian Systematic Botany 34, no. 5 (2021): 510. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb21006.
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Pycnandra Benth., a member of subfamily Chrysophylloideae (Sapotaceae), is the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia and is subdivided into six subgenera. It circumscribes 59 species, plus an additional three described here, and nine additional species that remain undescribed for various reasons. We here use nrDNA data of ETS, ITS, and RPB2, analyse it within a Bayesian framework using BEAST, and place the new species in their respective subgenera. Pycnandra perplexa Swenson & Gâteblé is placed in subgenus Achradotypus and given a preliminary IUCN Red List assessment of Near Threatened (NT). It is confined to the ultramafic massif of southern Grande Terre and separated from the similar species P. griseosepala Vink, which is confined to non-ultramafic mountains north of the large southern ultramafic plateau. Pycnandra kopetoensis Munzinger & Swenson and P. margueriteae Munzinger & Swenson are two new micro-endemic species known only from their type localities, where habitats have been destroyed by deforestation, deliberate fires and mining activities. Pycnandra kopetoensis is named after Mount Kopéto, placed in subgenus Leptostylis, and given a preliminary assessment as Critically Endangered (CR). Pycnandra margueriteae is from a small remnant forest near Bourail and categorised as Critically Endangered (CR). Revised identification keys for subgenus Achradotypus, Leptostylis and Pycnandra are provided.
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SADLIER, ROSS A., TONY WHITAKER, PERRY L. WOOD, and AARON M. BAUER. "A new species of scincid lizard in the genus Caledoniscincus (Reptilia: Scincidae) from northwest New Caledonia." Zootaxa 3229, no. 1 (March 9, 2012): 47. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.3229.1.3.
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A new species of skink in the genus Caledoniscincus is described from the northwest region of New Caledonia. It is knownfrom two locations, one on the coast at Pointe de Vavouto north of Koné, the other on the slopes of the Massif d’Oua-zangou, an isolated mountain 30 km to the north. Typical of all members of the genus, adult males and females of the newspecies are sexually dichromatic. The new species, Caledoniscincus constellatus sp. nov., has a bold, white midlateralstripe, a feature which distinguishes it from most other species of Caledoniscincus except the regionally sympatric C. hap-lorhinus (Günther) and C. austrocaledonicus (Bavay), from which it can be distinguished by a unique pattern of contactbetween the pale midlateral stripe and the ear. DNA sequence data for the ND2 mitochondrial gene identifies a high levelof genetic differentiation between the new species and all other Caledoniscincus, further supporting its distinctiveness asan independent evolutionary lineage. The species is of high conservation concern given its restricted distribution in a re-gion that has been, and will continue to be, heavily impacted by human occupation, and would be ranked as Critically Endangered under IUCN criteria.
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Hinton, Leanne. "Lenore A. Grenoble & Lindsay J. Whaley (eds.), Endangered languages: Current issues and future prospects. Cambridge & New York: Cambridge University Press, 1998. Pp. xvii, 361. Hb $69.95, pb $27.95." Language in Society 29, no. 2 (April 2000): 287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0047404500302044.
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Over the past decade, an increasing number of linguists have been turning their attention toward the plight of endangered languages. We are realizing that most of the small indigenous languages of the world are in great danger of disappearing over the coming century, if they have not already disappeared. Nor are linguists alone in their concern; the media have become interested in the issue, as have international organizations – like UNESCO, the European Union, and even national governments that have in the past been instruments of the demise of indigenous languages. Clearinghouses are being set up (e.g. the International Clearing House for Endangered Languages at Tokyo University), and funds such as the Endangered Languages Fund. Most active in fighting language extinction are members of the affected communities themselves, who are working on their own, or forging new kinds of partnerships with linguists, in an effort to reverse language shift. In the context of these movements, this excellent book is a welcome and crucial resource. The volume gathers together a set of valuable articles by a group including some of the best scholars in linguistics and some of the best native language teachers: Nancy Dorian, Nora and Richard Dauenhauer, Kaia'titahkhe Annette Jacobs, Colette Grinevald, Marianne Mithun, Ken Hale, Christopher Jocks, Anthony Woodbury, Carol Myers-Scotton, and Nikolai Vakhtin. It is a must-read for anyone – native, linguist, teacher, or policy maker – who is involved with issues of language loss, maintenance, or revitalization.
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Budrikis, Amy, and Clint Bracknell. "Indigenous Online Creative Responses to the COVID-19 Pandemic Lockdown in Western Australia." Preservation, Digital Technology & Culture 51, no. 2 (July 1, 2022): 63–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/pdtc-2022-0002.
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Abstract In response to the worldwide COVID-19 pandemic in 2020, many communities of endangered Indigenous languages have utilised digital technologies and created online language resources with renewed motivation. In this article we explore the ways that Noongar community members have shifted, adapted and persisted in creating new language revitalisation resources for their endangered Aboriginal language, describing three case studies of video content created and shared online through social media as localised responses to the pressing need for easily produced, accessible and engaging online approaches to support Indigenous communities and their languages.
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Dolowy-Rybińska, Nicole. "Kashubian and modern forms of media – new survival chances for endangered languages." Eesti ja soome-ugri keeleteaduse ajakiri. Journal of Estonian and Finno-Ugric Linguistics 2, no. 1 (June 17, 2011): 109–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.12697/jeful.2011.2.1.07.
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Indirect communication channeled through various forms of media is undoubtedly dominant in the modern world. This is especially true in a situation when a minority language is no longer the most important means of communication within a given community, i.e. when most direct contact between representatives of that minority take place in the dominant language. If the use of a minority language therefore becomes impossible in direct situations, it becomes increasingly eagerly used in forms of indirect communication. Minority language can find natural niches where it can be used in the contemporary world, the most important of these being the mass media. During past 20 years the situation of Kashubian language has changed. The very interesting, complex, and not yet complete processes of standardization, codification,and propagation of a literary language have enabled the Kashubian language to establish its presence in schooling, literature, and the media. Not only has the character of the language changed thanks to these new niches of occurrence, but new cultural niches where the language is used and groups which use it have also emerged.
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Nathan, David. "Archives 2.0 for endangered languages: From disk space to MySpace." International Journal of Humanities and Arts Computing 4, no. 1-2 (October 2010): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.3366/ijhac.2011.0011.
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The salient features of endangered language documentation are diversity and protocol. The Endangered Languages Archive at SOAS is creating a new archive to take advantage of web-based social networking to address these issues. The archive is reconceived as a platform for conducting relationships between information providers (depositors) and information users, using the now-familiar idiom of Facebook. Rather than the archive having to continually broker complex access conditions, depositors and requesters can negotiate directly with each other via the archive to achieve more flexible and creative outcomes.
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Munzinger, Jérôme, and Ulf Swenson. "Revision of Pycnandra subgenus Leptostylis and description of subgenus Wagapensia (Sapotaceae), a genus endemic to New Caledonia." Australian Systematic Botany 28, no. 3 (2015): 91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb15010.
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The genus Pycnandra Benth. (Sapotaceae, Chrysophylloideae) is endemic to New Caledonia with 66 known species and is subdivided in six subgenera. We have earlier revised four of these subgenera and here continue with P. subgenus Leptostylis and describe P. subgenus Wagapensia. Subgenus Leptostylis is distinguished mainly by its opposite leaves and four sepals, and includes eight species, of which two are described as new (P. amplexicaulis and P. sclerophylla). Two species, P. longiflora and P. micrantha, are assumed extinct because extensive fieldwork has not been able to relocate the plants. Variation in leaf morphology was observed in Leptostylis gatopensis, which is by consequence considered as synonym of Pycnandra filipes. Two additional taxa belong to this subgenus, but cannot presently be described because sufficient fertile material is unavailable. Subgenus Wagapensia is monotypic and readily distinguished on the basis of its subverticillate leaves and leafy shoots usually borne beneath apical clusters of leaves, a character common in Sapotaceae but unique in Pycnandra. The members of P. subgenus Leptostylis occur mainly in maquis vegetation or sclerophyllous forests on ultramafic soil, but three taxa are confined to calcareous areas. Mining activities in New Caledonian ultramafic areas are extensive and because some of these species are naturally rare, IUCN Red List assessments are provided to all species. Pycnandra grandifolia and P. wagapensis are assigned the IUCN status Vulnerable, P. amplexicaulis and P. sclerophylla are considered Endangered, P. filipes subspecies multiflora and P. goroensis are considered to be Critically Endangered, whereas P. micrantha and P. longiflora appear to be extinct.
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Chero, G., R. Pradel, S. Derville, C. Bonneville, O. Gimenez, and C. Garrigue. "Reproductive capacity of an endangered and recovering population of humpback whales in the Southern Hemisphere." Marine Ecology Progress Series 643 (June 11, 2020): 219–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/meps13329.
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Estimating demographic parameters is essential to assessing the recovery potential of severely depleted populations of marine mammal species such as the baleen whales, which were decimated by commercial whaling of the past century. The Oceania humpback whale Megaptera novaeangliae population is classified as endangered by the IUCN because of low numbers and a slow recovery rate. Nevertheless, an anomalously strong increase has recently been detected in the New Caledonia breeding population. To determine the drivers of population growth, reproductive parameters were estimated for the first time for a humpback whale population of Oceania. Based on an extensive monitoring program (1995-2018), recapture histories were reconstructed for 607 females and incorporated in multi-event capture-recapture models. As the females’ ages were generally unknown (87%), 2 models with contrasting age scenarios were investigated. For females of unknown age, the mature scenario assumed maturity at the first encounter, while the immature scenario assumed immaturity within 7 yr after the first encounter, unless the female was encountered breeding. These models respectively resulted in a calving interval of 1.49 yr (95% CI: 1.21-2.08) or 2.83 yr (95% CI: 2.28-3.56) and a calving rate of 0.67 or 0.35. The relatively high calving rate modelled by the mature model is consistent with high pregnancy rates recently observed in the migratory corridors of the Kermadec Islands and on the feeding grounds of the Antarctic Peninsula. Therefore, our results suggest that the recovery of the New Caledonia humpback whale population from past exploitation may be partially driven by an increased reproductive capacity.
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Schaffar, A., B. Madon, C. Garrigue, and R. Constantine. "Behavioural effects of whale-watching activities on an Endangered population of humpback whales wintering in New Caledonia." Endangered Species Research 19, no. 3 (January 25, 2013): 245–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.3354/esr00466.
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Barrett-Walker, Tessa, Michael J. Plank, Rachael Ka'ai-Mahuta, Daniel Hikuroa, and Alex James. "Kia kaua te reo e rite ki te moa, ka ngaro: do not let the language suffer the same fate as the moa." Journal of The Royal Society Interface 17, no. 162 (January 2020): 20190526. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rsif.2019.0526.
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More than a third of the world's languages are currently classified as endangered and more than half are expected to go extinct by 2100. Strategies aimed at revitalizing endangered languages have been implemented in numerous countries, with varying degrees of success. Here, we develop a new model regarding language transmission by dividing the population into defined proficiency categories and dynamically quantifying transition rates between categories. The model can predict changes in proficiency levels over time and, ultimately, whether a given endangered language is on a long-term trajectory towards extinction or recovery. We calibrate the model using data from Wales and show that the model predicts that the Welsh language will thrive in the long term. We then apply the model to te reo Māori, the indigenous language of New Zealand, as a case study. Initial conditions for this model are estimated using New Zealand census data. We modify the model to describe a country, such as New Zealand, where the endangered language is associated with a particular subpopulation representing the indigenous people. We conclude that, with current learning rates, te reo Māori is on a pathway towards extinction, but identify strategies that could help restore it to an upward trajectory.
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Swenson, Ulf, and Jérôme Munzinger. "Five new species and a systematic synopsis of Pycnandra (Sapotaceae), the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia." Australian Systematic Botany 29, no. 1 (2016): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/sb16001.
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Pycnandra Benth. (Sapotaceae) is the largest endemic genus in New Caledonia and is subdivided into six subgenera. An addition of five species are here described in four subgenera, viz. P. comptonioides Swenson & Munzinger, P. kouakouensis Swenson & Munzinger, P. montana Swenson & Munzinger, P. poindimiensis Swenson & Munzinger and P. versicolor Swenson & Munzinger. Another seven to nine taxa are discussed but remain undescribed owing to the lack of adequate collections (and may remain undescribed pending the interpretation of the Nagoya Protocol). Pycnandra is characterised by a non-areolate higher leaf venation, sepals glabrous on the inner surface, no staminodes, and a single-seeded fruit. The members occur in a wide range of habitats and most species have very specific substrate requirements, growing on ultramafic, non-ultramafic or calcareous substrates. Almost 40 species are restricted to ultramafic substrates and many are now at risk of extinction because of deforestation, deliberately set fires and mining. We provide a systematic synopsis with keys to subgenera and species, phenology, substrate preferences, altitudinal ranges and preliminary IUCN Red List assessments for all described taxa. Four of the five new species are assessed as Critically Endangered. Pycnandra versicolor is in urgent need of conservation management beacuse its entire distribution is inside an active mine on the Koniambo massif.
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Reyhner, Jon. "José Antonio Flores Farán and Fernando Ramallo (Eds): New Perspectives on Endangered Languages." Language Policy 10, no. 3 (August 2011): 281–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10993-011-9209-4.
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GRAND, DANIEL, MILEN MARINOV, HERVE JOURDAN, CARL COOK, SOPHIE ROUYS, CHRISTIAN MILLE, and JÖRN THEUERKAUF. "Distribution, habitats, phenology and conservation of New Caledonian Odonata." Zootaxa 4640, no. 1 (July 19, 2019): 1–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4640.1.1.
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Compared to other archipelagos of the Pacific, the New Caledonian Odonata fauna is rich and diverse with 56 valid species or subspecies (23 endemics, 41%) from eight families (four Zygoptera: Argiolestidae, Coenagrionidae, Isostictidae, Lestidae, and four Anisoptera: Aeshnidae, Corduliidae, Synthemistidae, Libellulidae) and 31 genera (including four endemics, 13%). In Zygoptera, we record 19 species including 12 endemics (63%), and among Anisoptera, we record 37 species or subspecies, including 11 endemics (30%). We removed five species from the list that had been erroneously recorded as occurring in New Caledonia: Tramea carolina (Linnaeus, 1763), Austroargiolestes icteromelas (Selys-Longchamps, 1862), Ischnura torresiana Tillyard, 1913, Xiphiagrion cyanomelas Selys-Longchamps, 1876 and Hemicordulia oceanica Selys-Longchamps, 1871. The occurrence of Tramea limbata (Desjardins, 1835) appears also doubtful, but we were unable to clarify to which taxon this record referred hence we excluded it from our update. From a biogeographic perspective, the New Caledonian fauna has mostly Australian affinities with some connections with southeast Asia and the Pacific region. We provide for each species, whenever information was available, a distribution map with a brief review of its known ecology, behaviour and phenology. We also evaluated each species’ conservation status, in light of known threats (range restriction, scarcity and human activity including altered water flow). We consider seventeen species (30%) endangered. The most immediate threats concern water pollution including alteration to the flow of water courses caused by mining, deforestation and fires. Invasive species, such as alien fish, may be predators of concern for odonata larva, although this has not yet been proven in New Caledonia.
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Kwatchka, Patricia. "Language Shift and Local Choice: On Practicing Linguistics in the 21st Century." Practicing Anthropology 21, no. 2 (April 1, 1999): 23–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.17730/praa.21.2.x866p6l648642087.
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Concern for endangered languages draws together two communities who have long been associated with each other, Native North American groups and linguists. The desire to maintain these languages, however, creates the need for a new working relationship between the two communities. This discussion formulates, first, some of the issues internal to Native American communities in their efforts to perpetuate their languages, and secondly, some of the steps that we, as linguists, can take to make our profession more responsive to these community issues.
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King, Kendall A. "New perspectives on endangered languages,by Flores Farfán, J. A., & Ramallo, F. (Eds.)." Journal of Language, Identity & Education 11, no. 3 (July 2012): 224–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15348458.2012.686409.
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Kuusi, Päivi, Helka Riionheimo, and Leena Kolehmainen. "Translating into an endangered language: filling in lexical gaps as Language Making." International Journal of the Sociology of Language 2022, no. 274 (March 1, 2022): 133–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijsl-2021-0019.
Full textAbstract:
Abstract In this article, we analyse translation in the context of revitalisation from the point of view of Language Making. Both translation and revitalisation are based on the idea of languages as distinct entities, and together they are doubly inclined to draw clear-cut borders between languages. The data come from a series of translation courses targeted at speakers and learners of Karelian, a critically endangered Finnic language spoken in Finland and Russia. By analysing the reflective assignments of the translation course participants and focusing on how they report on encountering and overcoming lexical gaps, we examine a very concrete case of Language Making: the creation of new lexical items for Karelian for the purposes of a translation task. Since coining neologisms in our data is mostly based on borrowing or calquing, the data illustrate how the participants perceive language boundaries and the connections between Karelian and other languages. Contrary to what the intersection between translation and revitalisation suggests, a rather flexible view on linguistic borders is displayed. Participants fill in lexical gaps by drawing on all linguistic resources available to them: mainly Finnish and Russian, but also “international” resources and occasionally other languages or other Karelian dialects. To a lesser extent, the data also display the participants’ competing and conflicting ideologies of what is Karelian, what belongs to it and on which or whose model to base the neologisms.