Academic literature on the topic 'Endangered ecological community'

Wetlands have an important ecological function and economic value. However, with economic development and urban expansion, wetland plants have suffered serious damage. Rare and endangered plants are “thermometers” that reflect the health processes of their ecosystems. To better protect the wetlands in Sanya, China, we systematically investigated and analyzed the species, quantities, distributions, and community characteristics of the rare and endangered plants in the Sanya River basin using the sample and sample strip methods. We established a total of 152 quadrats, of which 46 contained rare and endangered plants. We identified 27 rare and endangered plants that mainly appeared in the tree and shrub layers. The dominant families and genera of the community were evident. However, the proportion of families and genera with fewer or single species was high, indicating that the species composition of the community is complex, and the plant species diversity is rich. The dominant species in each layer of the community were evident, and the rare and endangered plants are occasional species of the community. The community similarity in the urban areas was high, indicating that the rare and endangered plants in these areas require highly homogenous habitats. The community similarity in the suburbs was low, indicating that the rare and endangered plants in these areas are highly adaptable to different habitats. Threat factors and vegetation coverage degree had a significant impact on the number of species and population size of rare and endangered plants. Finally, according to our study and IUCN classification criteria for the endangered levels, Sonneratia × gulngai meets the CR (Critical Endangered) assessment criteria, thus we recommend upgrading it to the endangered level from VU (Vulnerable).

Back from the Brink is based on material presented at a conference held by the Commonwealth Endangered Species Advisory Committee in Sydney in December, 1995. The purpose of the conference was to bring together practitioners with a wide range of "hands-on" recovery planning and implementation experience to review and refine the recovery process for threatened species and ecological communities. A foreword by Dr Andrew Burbidge (Endangered Species Advisory Committee) addresses the need for community involvement and government co-operation, and highlights the importance of the recovery process itself, if conservation of threatened species and ecological communities is to be successful.

This study thoroughly analyzed how the endangered fox restoration project affects the community, and how much this effect contributes to improving of biodiversity and the recovery of the national ecological axis, which is the final goal of the restoration project. As a result, it was found that prerequisites such as education and promotion for protection of endangered species for local residents and visitors to the national park directly affect the restoration project goal. In addition, as an indirect route, the prerequisites for the restoration project had a positive effect on the local economy, and the regional economic effect was found to have a positive effect on the development of the local community. Finally, it was analyzed that community development contributed to achieving the goal of the restoration project. These results showed that the endangered species restoration project is contributing to the development of the local community by improving the local economy and local awareness and social value by increasing the number of tourists.

The paper presents the distribution, floristic composition and ecological requirements of the pleustonic plant community <em>Utricularietum australis</em> Th. Müller et Görs 1960 in Poland. The association was classifield to the Lemnetea minoris class. <em>Utricularietum australis</em> is considered to be a rare and endangered plant community in Europe.

Introduction: The era of the COVID-19 pandemic has not stopped the perpetrators of conservation crimes from carrying out their actions. The trade in endangered species, both online and offline, is becoming more and more common. Many cases of trade in endangered animals in Indonesia were carried out during this Covid-19 pandemic. Various types of endangered species that should be protected are actually traded and smuggled illegally. Weak law enforcement is also a crucial problem in resolving cases of trafficking in endangered species.Purposes of the Research: Efforts and participation by the Government, the community, and environmentalists in controlling the rate of illegal trade in endangered species are increasingly prevalent.Methods of the Research: This research is juridical normative, using various primary and secondary legal materials. Data analysis is descriptive qualitative.Results of the Research: The impact of the trade in endangered species brings ecological and economic losses. Although the impact is quite influential, it does not stop the perpetrators of these conservation crimes from taking action. This is done to gain financial gain personally or illegally in groups. Community participation and government supervision need to be increased in suppressing the rate of increase in the trade of endangered species. Preventive and repressive supervision needs to be carried out as much as possible in breaking the chain of the rampant trade in endangered species that occurs in Indonesia.

A renewed focus on generalised pollinator systems has inspired a conceptual framework which highlights that spatial and temporal interactions among plants and their assemblage of pollinators can vary across the individual, population, regional and species levels. Pollination is clearly a dynamic interaction, varying in the number and interdependence of participants and the strength of the outcome of the interaction. Therefore, the role of variation in pollination is fundamental for understanding ecological dynamics of plant populations and is a major factor in the evolution and maintenance of generalised and specialised pollination systems. My study centred on these basic concepts by addressing the following questions: (1) How variable are pollinators in a generalised pollination system? To what degree do insect visitation rates and assemblage composition vary spatially among populations and temporally among flowering seasons? (2) How does variation in pollinators affect plant reproductive success? I chose to do this using a model system, Trachymene incisa subsp. incisa (Apiaceae), which is a widespread Australian herbaceous species with simple white flowers grouped into umbels that attract a high diversity of insect visitors. The Apiaceae are considered to be highly generalist in terms of pollination, due to their simple and uniform floral display and easily accessible floral rewards. Three populations of T. incisa located between 70 km and 210 km apart were studied over 2-3 years. The few studies investigating spatial and temporal variation simultaneously over geographic and yearly/seasonal scales indicate that there is a trend for more spatial than temporal variation in pollinators of generalist-pollinated plants. My study showed both spatial and temporal variation in assemblage composition among all populations and variation in insect visitation rates, in the form of a significant population by year interaction. However, removing ants from the analyses to restrict the assemblage to flying insects and the most likely pollinators, resulted in a significant difference in overall visitation rate between years but no difference in assemblage composition between the Myall Lakes and Tomago populations. These results indicate more temporal than spatial variation in the flying insect visitor assemblage of T. incisa. Foraging behaviour provides another source of variation in plant-pollinator interactions. Trachymene incisa exhibits umbels that function as either male or female at any one time and offer different floral rewards in each phase. For successful pollination, pollinators must visit both male and female umbels during a foraging trip. Insects showed both preferences and non-preferences for umbel phases in natural patches where the gender ratio was male biased. In contrast, insects showed no bias in visitation during a foraging trip or in time spent foraging on male and female umbels in experimental arrays where the gender ratio was equal. Pollinator assemblages consisting of a mixture of different pollinator types coupled with temporal variation in the assemblages of populations among years maintains generalisation at the population/local level. In addition, spatial variation in assemblages among populations maintains generalisation at the species level. Fire alters pollination in T. incisa by shifting the flowering season and reducing the abundance of flying insects. Therefore, fire plays an important role in maintaining spatial and temporal variation in this fire-prone system. Although insect pollinators are important in determining the mating opportunities of 90% of flowering plant species worldwide, few studies have looked at the effects of variation in pollinator assemblages on plant reproductive success and mating. In T. incisa, high insect visitation rates do not guarantee high plant reproductive success, indicating that the quality of visit is more important than the rate of visitation. This is shown by comparing the Agnes Banks and Myall Lakes populations in 2003: Agnes Banks received the highest visitation rate from an assemblage dominated by ants but produced the lowest reproductive output, and Myall Lakes received the lowest visitation rate by an assemblage dominated by a native bee and produced the highest seedling emergence. Interestingly, populations with different assemblage composition can produce similar percentage seed set per umbel. However, similar percentage seed set did not result in similar percentage seedling emergence. Differences among years in reproductive output (total seed production) were due to differences in umbel production (reproductive effort) and proportion of umbels with seeds, and not seed set per umbel. Trachymene incisa is self-compatible and suffers weak to intermediate levels of inbreeding depression through early stages of the life cycle when seeds are self-pollinated and biparentally inbred. Floral phenology, in the form of synchronous protandry, plays an important role in avoiding self-pollination within umbels and reducing the chance of geitonogamous pollination between umbels on the same plant. Although pollinators can increase the rate of inbreeding in T. incisa by foraging on both male and female phase umbels on the same plant or closely related plants, most consecutive insect movements were between plants not located adjacent to each other. This indicates that inbreeding is mostly avoided and that T. incisa is a predominantly outcrossing species, although further genetic analyses are required to confirm this hypothesis. A new conceptual understanding has emerged from the key empirical results in the study of this model generalised pollination system. The large differences among populations and between years indicate that populations are not equally serviced by pollinators and are not equally generalist. Insect visitation rates varied significantly throughout the day, highlighting that sampling of pollinators at one time will result in an inaccurate estimate and usually underestimate the degree of generalisation. The visitor assemblage is not equivalent to the pollinator assemblage, although non-pollinating floral visitors are likely to influence the overall effectiveness of the pollinator assemblage. Given the high degree of variation in both the number of pollinator species and number of pollinator types, I have constructed a model which includes the degree of ecological and functional specialisation of a plant species on pollinators and the variation encountered across different levels of plant organisation. This model describes the ecological or current state of plant species and their pollinators, as well as presenting the patterns of generalisation across a range of populations, which is critical for understanding the evolution and maintenance of the system. In-depth examination of pollination systems is required in order to understand the range of strategies utilised by plants and their pollinators, and I advocate a complete floral visitor assemblage approach to future studies in pollination ecology. In particular, future studies should focus on the role of introduced pollinators in altering generalised plant-pollinator systems and the contribution of non-pollinating floral visitors to pollinator assemblage effectiveness. Comparative studies involving plants with highly conserved floral displays, such as those in the genus Trachymene and in the Apiaceae, will be useful for investigating the dynamics of generalised pollination systems across a range of widespread and restricted species.

Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
A renewed focus on generalised pollinator systems has inspired a conceptual framework which highlights that spatial and temporal interactions among plants and their assemblage of pollinators can vary across the individual, population, regional and species levels. Pollination is clearly a dynamic interaction, varying in the number and interdependence of participants and the strength of the outcome of the interaction. Therefore, the role of variation in pollination is fundamental for understanding ecological dynamics of plant populations and is a major factor in the evolution and maintenance of generalised and specialised pollination systems. My study centred on these basic concepts by addressing the following questions: (1) How variable are pollinators in a generalised pollination system? To what degree do insect visitation rates and assemblage composition vary spatially among populations and temporally among flowering seasons? (2) How does variation in pollinators affect plant reproductive success? I chose to do this using a model system, Trachymene incisa subsp. incisa (Apiaceae), which is a widespread Australian herbaceous species with simple white flowers grouped into umbels that attract a high diversity of insect visitors. The Apiaceae are considered to be highly generalist in terms of pollination, due to their simple and uniform floral display and easily accessible floral rewards. Three populations of T. incisa located between 70 km and 210 km apart were studied over 2-3 years. The few studies investigating spatial and temporal variation simultaneously over geographic and yearly/seasonal scales indicate that there is a trend for more spatial than temporal variation in pollinators of generalist-pollinated plants. My study showed both spatial and temporal variation in assemblage composition among all populations and variation in insect visitation rates, in the form of a significant population by year interaction. However, removing ants from the analyses to restrict the assemblage to flying insects and the most likely pollinators, resulted in a significant difference in overall visitation rate between years but no difference in assemblage composition between the Myall Lakes and Tomago populations. These results indicate more temporal than spatial variation in the flying insect visitor assemblage of T. incisa. Foraging behaviour provides another source of variation in plant-pollinator interactions. Trachymene incisa exhibits umbels that function as either male or female at any one time and offer different floral rewards in each phase. For successful pollination, pollinators must visit both male and female umbels during a foraging trip. Insects showed both preferences and non-preferences for umbel phases in natural patches where the gender ratio was male biased. In contrast, insects showed no bias in visitation during a foraging trip or in time spent foraging on male and female umbels in experimental arrays where the gender ratio was equal. Pollinator assemblages consisting of a mixture of different pollinator types coupled with temporal variation in the assemblages of populations among years maintains generalisation at the population/local level. In addition, spatial variation in assemblages among populations maintains generalisation at the species level. Fire alters pollination in T. incisa by shifting the flowering season and reducing the abundance of flying insects. Therefore, fire plays an important role in maintaining spatial and temporal variation in this fire-prone system. Although insect pollinators are important in determining the mating opportunities of 90% of flowering plant species worldwide, few studies have looked at the effects of variation in pollinator assemblages on plant reproductive success and mating. In T. incisa, high insect visitation rates do not guarantee high plant reproductive success, indicating that the quality of visit is more important than the rate of visitation. This is shown by comparing the Agnes Banks and Myall Lakes populations in 2003: Agnes Banks received the highest visitation rate from an assemblage dominated by ants but produced the lowest reproductive output, and Myall Lakes received the lowest visitation rate by an assemblage dominated by a native bee and produced the highest seedling emergence. Interestingly, populations with different assemblage composition can produce similar percentage seed set per umbel. However, similar percentage seed set did not result in similar percentage seedling emergence. Differences among years in reproductive output (total seed production) were due to differences in umbel production (reproductive effort) and proportion of umbels with seeds, and not seed set per umbel. Trachymene incisa is self-compatible and suffers weak to intermediate levels of inbreeding depression through early stages of the life cycle when seeds are self-pollinated and biparentally inbred. Floral phenology, in the form of synchronous protandry, plays an important role in avoiding self-pollination within umbels and reducing the chance of geitonogamous pollination between umbels on the same plant. Although pollinators can increase the rate of inbreeding in T. incisa by foraging on both male and female phase umbels on the same plant or closely related plants, most consecutive insect movements were between plants not located adjacent to each other. This indicates that inbreeding is mostly avoided and that T. incisa is a predominantly outcrossing species, although further genetic analyses are required to confirm this hypothesis. A new conceptual understanding has emerged from the key empirical results in the study of this model generalised pollination system. The large differences among populations and between years indicate that populations are not equally serviced by pollinators and are not equally generalist. Insect visitation rates varied significantly throughout the day, highlighting that sampling of pollinators at one time will result in an inaccurate estimate and usually underestimate the degree of generalisation. The visitor assemblage is not equivalent to the pollinator assemblage, although non-pollinating floral visitors are likely to influence the overall effectiveness of the pollinator assemblage. Given the high degree of variation in both the number of pollinator species and number of pollinator types, I have constructed a model which includes the degree of ecological and functional specialisation of a plant species on pollinators and the variation encountered across different levels of plant organisation. This model describes the ecological or current state of plant species and their pollinators, as well as presenting the patterns of generalisation across a range of populations, which is critical for understanding the evolution and maintenance of the system. In-depth examination of pollination systems is required in order to understand the range of strategies utilised by plants and their pollinators, and I advocate a complete floral visitor assemblage approach to future studies in pollination ecology. In particular, future studies should focus on the role of introduced pollinators in altering generalised plant-pollinator systems and the contribution of non-pollinating floral visitors to pollinator assemblage effectiveness. Comparative studies involving plants with highly conserved floral displays, such as those in the genus Trachymene and in the Apiaceae, will be useful for investigating the dynamics of generalised pollination systems across a range of widespread and restricted species.

The restoration and management of Cumberland Plain Woodland, an ’Endangered Ecological Community’ found only in western Sydney, has occurred without a sound understanding of soil-vegetation relationships within this community. Since 1992, large tracts of abandoned farmland, which were originally covered with Cumberland Plain Woodland, have been planted with native trees and shrubs to facilitate woodland development. This approach was based on the theory of (small-scale) patch dynamics since it was envisaged that the developing overstorey would facilitate changes to the soil environment, which would advantage native woodland species and disadvantage exotic pasture species. To date, this approach has had limited success and importantly, the restoration of Cumberland Plain Woodland has ignored: (a) characterisation of the soil environment; (b) how different patch types (e.g. tree and shrub) influence the soil; (c) how past land use has affected the soil; and (d) the effects of revegetation on soil properties and processes. These issues are of the utmost importance since soil-related barriers to natural regeneration and restoration may exist as a result of a very long history of agriculture. This thesis addressed these issues by investigating the soils of abandoned farmland, Cumberland Plain Woodland and restored areas of various ages. In addition to this, the impacts of various patch types (woodland tree, shrub and open, as well as improved perennial pasture) on soil properties and processes, as well as the ground flora were examined. Several soil chemical properties and ecological processes were identified as being of particular importance for the ecology of Cumberland Plain Woodland and its restoration on abandoned farmland. The greatest impact on the soil from past agricultural land use was an increase in the concentration of nitrate, ammonium and total nitrogen within the pasture compared to the woodland patch types, although there was an appreciable amount of site-to-site variability. Despite this, data from two different studies, which were carried out over different spatio-temporal scales, suggest that the abandoned pasture and Cumberland Plain Woodland function differently with respect to the cycling of nitrogen and this may hinder restoration efforts.

The research project upon which this dissertation is based focused on enhancing understandings of the nature of current First Nations/non-Aboriginal relations in environmental management. The project was undertaken as a collaborative initiative by the author, a non-Aboriginal doctoral researcher, in partnership with Walpole Island First Nation. The research served as an opportunity for co-producing knowledge on this subject across cultures and worldviews, and as an effort to build towards our shared aspiration of learning how distinct, yet inextricably linked, First Nations/non-Aboriginal understandings, approaches and worldviews can come together within a context of mutual respect and mutual benefit. The purpose of the research was to investigate the existence and types of issues leading to First Nations/non-Aboriginal tensions in environmental management, to analyze and unpack underlying causes of challenges identified via the research, and to construct avenues for relationship improvement. The research project was grounded in a specific investigation into relations in species at risk conservation and recovery in southern Ontario, Canada. The resulting dissertation is structured around three primary focal areas: 1) investigating and exposing colonial influences at play in Canada’s Species at Risk Act, and offering a new model for co-governance in this arena and beyond; 2) investigating relations surrounding efforts towards traditional ecological knowledge (TEK) transfer in species at risk work, with a focus on exploring issues identified in relation to intellectual imperialism; and 3) introducing and characterizing an original, reconceptualized approach to First Nations/non-Aboriginal relationships in academic research; this approach focused on ways in which investigatory practice can become a means of working towards broader reconciliation goals. Research findings from this dissertation indicate that colonial factors, often unevenly visible to actors involved in environmental management and research, continue to strongly affect the potential for positive, productive First Nations/non-Aboriginal relations in these spheres - including within the species at risk conservation and recovery arena examined here. Project results provide insight into the nature of the factors influencing relationships, as well as potential avenues for addressing the vitality of colonialism in contemporary relations and overcoming the influences on First Nations and on First Nations/non-Aboriginal relationships.

Floral and faunal diversity represents the health of an ecosystem. Increase in the number of endangered plants acts as an alarming sign of ecosystem’s imbalance. The ecological failure pose threat to our own health, thus by saving endangered species our own health is being saved. Government, non-profit international organizations, local communities and individuals are working together to protect and restore population levels. Biological Diversity Act (2002) for conservation of biodiversity is a landmark effort by Indian government as it provides mechanisms for knowledge, sustainable use of components of biological diversity and fair and equitable sharing of the benefits arising out of the use of biological resources. The various awareness campaigns have been conducted for local communities with regard to the conservation of endangered species. Both in-situ (on site) and ex-situ (off site) conservation strategies target critical habitats under continuous threat of extinction. Conservation programmes that centred mainly on the local masses which completely depend upon the environment including forests, lakes and wildlife for their needs truly showcase the leadership of local and indigenous communities in protecting biodiversity. The rights of local communities in decision making must be recognized and supported through clear laws and regulations. Sacred groves, a legacy of prehistoric traditions of nature conservation act as an ideal centre for biodiversity conservation. Besides providing vital ecosystem services to people, these are of immense ecological significance. Community conservation is the need of the hour in terms of conserving biodiversity at ground level.

This intervention explores our contemporary tendencies in the face of the ecological crisis through various artistic/activist projects. Interweaving different activities, such as an attempt to save an endangered marine species, an anti-deforestation campaign with an indigenous community in the Brazilian Amazon and practices to expand our moral boundary to non-human animals, it invites us to reflect on the choices and commitments we could make to invent a new sense of “we” and create spaces of hope and resistance.

This intervention explores our contemporary tendencies in the face of the ecological crisis through various artistic/activist projects. Interweaving different activities, such as an attempt to save an endangered marine species, an anti-deforestation campaign with an indigenous community in the Brazilian Amazon and practices to expand our moral boundary to non-human animals, it invites us to reflect on the choices and commitments we could make to invent a new sense of “we” and create spaces of hope and resistance.

Lesotho is divided into four ecological zones, the Highlands, the Foot Hills, the Senqu River Valley, and the Lowlands. Many people in these geographic areas are faced with poverty, unemployment, and other social problems. As a result, they exploit the natural environment for making a living. To conserve the endangered natural species and promote mountain ecotourism, the Lesotho Government established national parks and nature reserves. These state-owned national parks followed a top-down approach where the locals were not involved in the decision-making. Thus, these were subjected to vandalism from communities in the adjacent areas. Some locals have established botanical gardens to conserve environmental resources, thus promoting mountain ecotourism. The state, NGOs, and private entrepreneurs support community-based projects of environmental conservation and mountain ecotourism. While some of the destinations have resulted in establishment of communication networks, many places in the Highlands remain inaccessible and thus negatively impact mountain ecotourism.

With rapid ecological assessments, we diagnose the conservation status of large mammals in the localities Rio Encanto, San Jacinto Las Palmas, Sacha Llanganates, Cabeceras del Anzu, Boayaku, and Flor de Bosque, located within the Llanganates Sangay Ecological Corridor (CELS) and the upper subbasin of the Anzu River, in the eastern foothills of the tropical Andes, sub-Andean and tropical ecosystems in one of the most biologically diverse regions of Ecuador. Camera traps, 5 km linear transect walks, and interviews with local inhabitants recorded 35 species of macro mammals, in 8 Orders and 21 Families, including the Andean bear (Tremarctos ornatus), Andean tapir (Tapirus pinchaque), Amazonian tapir (Tapirus terrestris), puma (Puma concolor), and chorongo monkey (Lagothrix lagotricha), mammals considered as flagship species, highly endangered. The continuity of natural habitat along the subbasins of the Encanto, Topo, Zuñag, Tigre, and Anzu rivers, as well as the mountain ranges toward the highlands, provide favorable conditions for the flow of individuals, from adjacent areas of the Llanganates and Sangay National Parks to partially protected forest areas, such as the private reserves of Fundation Ecominga, Sumak Kawsay in Situ, community reserves of Boayaku and Flor de Bosque. The protection of the area is a priority.

<em>Abstract</em>.—Our capabilities to address pertinent questions in stream fish ecology, such as population connectivity, biotic homogenization, species invasions, introgression, and effects of habitat alterations on population structure and demography, have been significantly expanded by the development of molecular genetic approaches. A broad spectrum of molecular markers can now be tailored to address specific questions while newer statistical approaches accommodate larger data sets and permit the test of alternative hypotheses. Furthermore, molecular approaches facilitate the evaluation of ecological processes across both spatial and temporal scales, which are often mutually exclusive parameters. Population expansions, declines, and movements can be examined from recent to deep history and scaled from local to continental drainages. The intrinsic properties of stream ecosystems also make them particularly amenable to molecular approaches. The hierarchical order reflected in streams is directly translatable into an expanding spatial scale, from restricted headwaters through entire basins. Additionally, stream habitats are generally linear, and consequently, fish populations are often distributed sequentially, with interactions constrained to neighboring populations. Finally, streams tend to develop vicariant barriers over time, thus isolating populations and promoting local adaptation, a process easily deciphered using molecular markers. The latter have also contributed to the resolution of conservation issues and guided appropriate adaptive management of stream fauna. Molecular approaches in stream fish ecology are far too diverse to be comprehensively reviewed herein. Instead, we illustrate their facility by emphasizing three case studies demonstrating their broad utility: (1) a range-wide analysis of mitochondrial DNA diversity in flannelmouth sucker <em>Catostomus latipinnis</em>, pointing to a population bottleneck likely induced by severe post-Pleistocene drought in the Colorado River basin; (2) single nucleotide polymorphism screening to evaluate hybridization and introgression among native flannelmouth sucker, bluehead sucker <em>C. discobolus </em>(also known as <em>Pantosteus discobolus</em>), and the introduced white sucker <em>C. commersonii </em>in the upper Colorado River basin; and (3) microsatellite DNA analysis to evaluate gene flow and contemporary relationships in the Grand Canyon among populations of an endangered cyprinid fish (the humpback chub <em>Gila cypha</em>). In an appendix, we outline several recent molecular approaches that have expanded our opportunities to study stream fish ecology. We review relevant literature by emphasizing new statistical approaches and potential pitfalls of marker selection and data, rather than by delving into abstruse technical details regarding protocol development.

The Southeast Coast Network (SECN) conducts long-term terrestrial vegetation monitoring as part of the nationwide Inventory and Monitoring Program of the National Park Service (NPS). The vegetation community vital sign is one of the primary-tier resources identified by SECN park managers, and it is currently conducted on 15 network parks (DeVivo et al. 2008). Monitoring plants and their associated communities over time allows for targeted understanding of ecosystems within the SECN geography, which provides managers information about the degree of change within their parks’ natural vegetation. 2019 marks the first year of conducting this monitoring effort on four SECN parks, including Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve (TIMU). A total of 23 vegetation plots were established in the park in May and June. Data collected in each plot include species richness across multiple spatial scales, species-specific cover and constancy, species-specific woody stem seedling/sapling counts and adult tree (greater than 10 centimeters [3.9 inches (in)]) diameter at breast height (DBH), overall tree health, landform, soil, observed disturbance, and woody biomass (i.e., fuel load) estimates. This report summarizes the baseline (year 1) terrestrial vegetation data collected at Timucuan Ecological and Historic Preserve in 2019. Data were stratified across three dominant broadly defined habitats within the park (Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands, Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands, and Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands) and three land parcels (Cedar Point, Theodore Roosevelt, and Thomas Creek). Noteworthy findings include: A total of 157 vascular plant taxa (species or lower) were observed across 23 vegetation plots, including nine species not previously known from the park. Three plots were located in the footprint of the Yellow Bluff Fire, and were sampled only two weeks following the fire event. Muscadine (Muscadinia rotundifolia), cat greenbrier (Smilax glauca), water oak (Quercus nigra), and swamp tupelo (Nyssa biflora) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetland habitat; saw palmetto (Serenoa repens), slash pine (Pinus elliottii), and gallberry (Ilex glabra) were the most frequently encountered species in Coastal Plain Open Upland and Woodland habitat; and Darlington oak (Quercus hemisphaerica), Spanish moss (Tillandsia usenoides), and red bay (Persea borbonia) were the most frequently encountered species in Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. There were no exotic species of the Florida Exotic Pest Plant Council list of invasive plants (FLEPPC 2020) observed on any of these plots. Both red bay and swamp bay (Persea palustris) were largely absent from the tree stratum in these plots; however, they were present (occasionally in high abundance) in the seedling and sapling strata across all habitat types. Buckthorn bully (Sideroxylon lycioides)—listed as Endangered in the state of Florida by the Florida Department of Agriculture and Consumer Services (FDACS 2020)—was observed in three Maritime Upland Forest and Shrubland plots. The tree strata in each broadly defined habitat were dominated by the following species: Coastal Plain Nonalluvial Wetlands-loblolly bay (Gordonia lasianthus) Coastal Plain Open Uplands and Woodlands-longleaf pine (Pinus palustris) Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands-oaks (Quercus sp.) Most stems within the tree strata exhibited healthy vigor and only moderate dieback across all habitat types. However, there was a large amount of standing dead trees in plots within Maritime Upland Forests and Shrublands. Downed woody biomass (fuel loads) were highest in the Cedar Point and Thomas Creek land parcels.