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Journal articles on the topic 'End stage renal failure; cardiovascular imaging'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Myerson, Saul G. "Can cardiac magnetic resonance imaging reclassify uremic cardiomyopathy in patients with end-stage renal failure?" Nature Clinical Practice Cardiovascular Medicine 4, no. 1 (January 2007): 22–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ncpcardio0717.

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2

Brown, J. H., N. P. Vites, H. J. Testa, M. C. Prescott, L. P. Hunt, R. Gokal, and N. P. Mallick. "25. Prospective screening of patients with end-stage renal failure for asymptomatic cardiovascular disease using thallium myocardial imaging." Nuclear Medicine Communications 13, no. 4 (April 1992): 215. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00006231-199204000-00027.

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3

de Lemos, J. A., and L. D. Hillis. "Diagnosis and management of coronary artery disease in patients with end-stage renal disease on hemodialysis." Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 7, no. 10 (October 1996): 2044–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1681/asn.v7102044.

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Cardiovascular disease accounts for almost half of the total mortality in patients with ESRD. Ischemic heart disease is responsible for many cardiovascular deaths, with myocardial infarction accounting for approximately 15% and sudden cardiac death or severe left ventricular dysfunction accounting for much of the remainder. The markedly increased prevalence of atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease in patients with ESRD is influenced, at least in part, by numerous risk factors for atherosclerosis, with hypertension, diabetes mellitus, and hypercholesterolemia being particularly important. Because atherosclerotic coronary artery disease (CAD), whether symptomatic or asymptomatic, is associated with an increased incidence of allograft failure and mortality, the results of this study suggest the need for careful evaluation for the presence of CAD in those persons who are under consideration for renal transplantation. Candidates with angina pectoris, previous myocardial infarction, or congestive heart failure are at particularly high risk of a cardiac event, and, therefore, should routinely undergo pretransplant coronary angiography and subsequent surgical revascularization if angina is refractory to medical therapy or CAD is extensive. In contrast, although young, nondiabetic transplant candidates without symptoms or electrocardiographic evidence of CAD have an increased relative risk of cardiac death when compared with age-matched control subjects, their absolute risk of such an event is very low. As a result, they do not require a cardiac evaluation before transplantation. For the remaining transplant candidates at neither low nor high risk of a fatal or nonfatal cardiac event (i.e., those at intermediate risk), the authors of this study routinely perform (1) thallium imaging with dipyridamole or (2) two-dimensional echocardiography with intravenous dobutamine. If the result of these investigations are normal, transplantation proceeds; if abnormal, coronary angiography is performed, followed by surgical revascularization if CAD is extensive. Percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty is not recommended in patients with ESRD because it appears to be accompanied by a high likelihood of acute and chronic complications. Although it is hoped that surgical revascularization before renal transplantation improves allograft and patient survival, prospectively obtained data proving that this, in fact, is true do not exist.

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4

Stewart, Graham A., Patrick B. Mark, Nicola Johnston, John E. Foster, Michael Cowan, R. Stuart C. Rodger, Henry J. Dargie, and Alan G. Jardine. "Determinants of hypertension and left ventricular function in end stage renal failure: a pilot study using cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging." Clinical Physiology and Functional Imaging 24, no. 6 (November 2004): 387–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1475-097x.2004.00583.x.

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5

Dalio, Marcelo Bellini, Matheus Bredarioli, Edwaldo Edner Joviliano, Jesualdo Cherri, Haylton Jorge Suaid, and Carlos Eli Piccinato. "Endovascular repair of an aorto-iliac aneurysm succeeded by kidney transplantation." Jornal Vascular Brasileiro 9, no. 3 (September 2010): 164–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s1677-54492010000300012.

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We present the case of aorto-iliac aneurysm in a patient with chronic renal failure requiring dialysis who were treated with an endovascular stent graft and, later on, submitted to kidney transplantation. A 53-year-old male with renal failure requiring dialysis presented with an asymptomatic abdominal aorto-iliac aneurysm measuring 5.0cm of diameter. He was treated with endovascular repair technique, being used an endoprosthesis Excluder®. After four months, he was successfully submitted to kidney transplantation (dead donor), with anastomosis of the graft renal artery in the external iliac artery distal to the endoprosthesis. The magnetic resonance imaging, carried out 30 days after the procedure, showed a good positioning of the endoprosthesis and adequate perfusion of the renal graft. In the follow-up, the patient presented improvement of nitrogenous waste, good positioning of the endoprosthesis without migration or endoleak. The endovascular repair of aorto-iliac aneurysm in a patient with end-stage renal failure under hemodialysis treatment showed to be feasible, safe and efficient, as it did not prevent the success of the posterior kidney transplantation.

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6

Gallo-Bernal, Sebastian, Nasly Patino-Jaramillo, Camilo A. Calixto, Sergio A. Higuera, Julian F. Forero, Juliano Lara Fernandes, Carlos Góngora, Michael S. Gee, Brian Ghoshhajra, and Hector M. Medina. "Nephrogenic Systemic Fibrosis in Patients with Chronic Kidney Disease after the Use of Gadolinium-Based Contrast Agents: A Review for the Cardiovascular Imager." Diagnostics 12, no. 8 (July 28, 2022): 1816. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics12081816.

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Gadolinium-enhanced cardiac magnetic resonance has revolutionized cardiac imaging in the last two decades and has emerged as an essential and powerful tool for the characterization and treatment guidance of a wide range of cardiovascular diseases. However, due to the high prevalence of chronic renal dysfunction in patients with cardiovascular conditions, the risk of nephrogenic systemic fibrosis (NSF) after gadolinium exposure has been a permanent concern. Even though the newer macrocyclic agents have proven to be much safer in patients with chronic kidney disease and end-stage renal failure, clinicians must fully understand the clinical characteristics and risk factors of this devastating pathology and maintain a high degree of suspicion to prevent and recognize it. This review aimed to summarize the existing evidence regarding the physiopathology, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, and prevention of NSF related to the use of gadolinium-based contrast agents.

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7

Garikapati, Kartheek, Daniel Goh, Shaun Khanna, and Krishna Echampati. "Uraemic Cardiomyopathy: A Review of Current Literature." Clinical Medicine Insights: Cardiology 15 (January 2021): 117954682199834. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1179546821998347.

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Uraemic Cardiomyopathy (UC) is recognised as an intricate and multifactorial disease which portends a significant burden in patients with End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD). The cardiovascular morbidity and mortality associated with UC is significant and can be associated with the development of arrythmias, cardiac failure and sudden cardiac death (SCD). The pathophysiology of UC involves a complex interplay of traditional implicative factors such as haemodynamic overload and circulating uraemic toxins as well as our evolving understanding of the Chronic Kidney Disease-Mineral Bone Disease pathway. There is an instrumental role for multi-modality imaging in the diagnostic process; including transthoracic echocardiography and cardiac magnetic resonance imaging in identifying the hallmarks of left ventricular hypertrophy and myocardial fibrosis that characterise UC. The appropriate utilisation of the aforementioned diagnostics in the ESRD population may help guide therapeutic approaches, such as pharmacotherapy including beta-blockers and aldosterone-antagonists as well as haemodialysis and renal transplantation. Despite this, there remains limitations in effective therapeutic interventions for UC and ongoing research on a cellular level is vital in establishing further therapies.

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8

Ivan, Vlad Sabin, Nicolae Albulescu, Iuliana Roxana Albulescu, Adrian Apostol, Roxana Buzas, Adalbert Schiller, Romulus Timar, Daniel Lighezan, and Mihaela Viviana Ivan. "Predictive Value of Several Echo Parameters for Cardiovascular Events in Hemodialysis Patients with Mid-range and Preserved Ejection Fraction Heart Failure." Revista de Chimie 70, no. 4 (May 15, 2019): 1479–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.19.4.7154.

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Patients with end stage renal disease (ESRD) on hemodialysis (HD) are predisposed to higher rates of major cardiovascular events, through several well-known pathophysiological mechanisms. The rates of all-cause mortality are 6 to 10fold greater for these patients compared with general population. Furthermore, diabetes mellitus, history of cardiovascular disease, dialysis duration, and residual diuresis are factors related to cardiovascular events in hemodialysis. Whilst structural and functional echocardiographic abnormalities in dialyzed patients have been the surrogate for several survival studies, the predictive value of these echo parameters, are not clearly established in this field .In dialysis patients, it is still unclear which echo parameter is the best in determining cardiovascular outcome. The purpose of our study was to investigate the role of Doppler Echocardiography and Tissue Doppler Imaging (TDI) abnormalities, in providing predictive parameters for this particular population. The survival rates were analyzed by Kaplan�Meier curves and cardiac events predictors by Cox�s proportional-hazards model. We found correlations between several echo measurements and cardiovascular events, especially diastolic dysfunction and impaired left ventricular parameters. We strongly recommend the use of these echocardiographic parameters in early detection of patients at high risk in order to reduce morbidity and mortality.

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9

SOBKOWICZ, B., A. TOMASZUKKAZBERUK, J. MALYSZKO, M. KALINOWSKI, T. HRYSZKO, J. MALYSZKO, M. MYSLIWIEC, and W. MUSIAL. "1101 Value of the real-time myocardial contrast echocardiography for risk stratification in patients with end-stage renal failure." European Journal of Echocardiography 7 (December 2006): S191. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1525-2167(06)60706-3.

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10

Aksu, Uğur, Derya Aksu, Oktay Gulcu, Kamuran Kalkan, Selim Topcu, Enbiya Aksakal, Emrah Aksakal, Serdar Sevimli, and Ibrahim Halil Tanboga. "The effect of dialysis type on left atrial functions in patients with end-stage renal failure: A propensity score-matched analysis." Echocardiography 35, no. 3 (December 11, 2017): 308–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/echo.13774.

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11

Mohammad, Farah, Loay Kabbani, Judith Lin, Efstathios Karamanos, Fatema Esmael, and Alexander Shepard. "Post-procedural pseudoaneurysms: Single-center experience." Vascular 25, no. 2 (July 9, 2016): 178–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538116654837.

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Objectives Pseudoaneurysms are a well-recognized complication of percutaneous angiographic procedures. Ultrasound-guided thrombin injection is currently the preferred treatment modality. This study was undertaken to evaluate our experience with the management of post-procedure pseudoaneurysms. Methods A retrospective study was undertaken of all patients who developed a post-procedure pseudoaneurysm between March 2004 and January 2013. Data were obtained from our prospectively maintained non-invasive vascular laboratory data base. Results Overall, 167 patients (80 men) with post-procedure pseudoaneurysms were identified. The mean age was 66 years. Post-procedure pseudoaneurysms developed following diagnostic coronary angiography (38%), coronary angioplasty (37%), peripheral vascular interventions (14.7%), or other access procedures (7.6%). Mean post-procedure pseudoaneurysm diameter was 2.8 ± 1.8 cm. One hundred forty-two post-procedure pseudoaneurysms were injected with thrombin under ultrasound guidance. Primary success rate was 93.5%. There were 12 (8.5%) procedural failures of which seven (58%) responded to reinjection, three (25%) required operative management, one was treated with ultrasound-guided compression, and one (8.3%) was simply observed. On multivariate analysis, failures were associated with increased aneurysm diameter ( p = 0.006; odds ratio 2.23, 95% CI 1.25 to 3.96), end-stage renal disease ( p = 0.013; odds ratio 1.15, 95% CI 1.09 to 1.78) and superficial femoral artery aneurysm origin ( p = 0.031; odds ratio 0.20, 95% CI 0.04 to 0.86). There were two episodes of thrombus formation in the femoral artery; one resolved with anticoagulation alone, and the other required thrombectomy. Conclusions Percutaneous ultrasound-guided thrombin injection is an effective and safe method for managing post-procedure pseudoaneurysms. Failure rates are low and associated with large aneurysm size, superficial femoral artery origin and end-stage renal disease.

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12

Stewart, Julian, Adam Kohen, Daniel Brouder, Fahim Rahim, Stephen Adler, Renee Garrick, and Michael S. Goligorsky. "Noninvasive interrogation of microvasculature for signs of endothelial dysfunction in patients with chronic renal failure." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 287, no. 6 (December 2004): H2687—H2696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00287.2004.

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Endothelial cell dysfunction (ECD) has been demonstrated in patients with end-stage renal disease (ESRD) who have cardiovascular disease (CD) or diabetes mellitus (DM). While techniques to examine conduit arteries have been adapted to these patients, evaluation of microvascular function has lagged behind. Therefore, we used laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) and scanned laser Doppler imaging (LDI) to quantify parameters of the postocclusion reactive hyperemia and thermal hyperemic responses (local heating to 43°C) in ESRD patients ( n = 63) and healthy individuals ( n = 33). Patients with ESRD were partitioned among those with either CD or DM or both (designated CDorDM, n = 30), patients with both CD and DM (designated CD+DM, n = 12, statistically similar to CDorDM), and patients with neither CD or DM (designated ∼CDorDM, n = 33). LDF during thermal hyperemia showed a decrease in the thermal peaks and plateau as well as a delay in plateau compared with control, consistent with ECD. LDF during reactive hyperemia showed a decrease in the pay-back area under the curve, also consistent with ECD. ∼CDorDM were heterogeneous: almost 50% contained flow abnormalities similar to CDorDM. There was also a reduction in the number of functional arterioles on LDI images. Fourier analysis of LDF oscillations showed that low-frequency oscillations characterizing endothelial function were impaired in CDorDM and in many ∼CDorDM. The data demonstrate that ESRD patients with expected ECD (CDorDM) are characterized by distinct abnormalities in LDF parameters. However, similar abnormalities are found in approximately one-half of ESRD patients without evidence for CD or DM. Postocclusive and thermal interrogation of the microvasculature with laser Doppler-resolved parameters of the microcirculation, followed by Fourier analysis of the very slow oscillations, may provide a valuable adjunct to early noninvasive diagnosis of ECD in ESRD, especially important in a subpopulation of ESRD patients with no known CD or DM, which could be at increased risk of impending clinical manifestations of vasculopathy.

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13

Vanek, T., J. Snircova, J. Spegar, Z. Straka, J. Horak, and M. Maly. "Increase in plasma free haemoglobin during cardiopulmonary bypass in heart valve surgery: assessment of renal dysfunction by RIFLE classification." Perfusion 24, no. 3 (May 2009): 179–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0267659109350400.

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Heart valve surgery carries a high risk of renal insufficiency as an independent risk factor due to prolonged cardiopulmonary bypass. Multiple causes of cardiopulmonary bypass-associated renal damage have been described, and haemoglobin-induced renal injury is presently being investigated. Forty-three patients scheduled for heart valve surgery (mostly combined) were enrolled in the prospective study. Plasma free haemoglobin (PFH) levels were evaluated by photocolorimetric measurement at the start of procedures ( t0) and before the end of extracorporeal circulation ( t1). A statistically significant increase in PFH levels during cardiopulmonary bypass was detected [median values (interquartile range) - t0: 62.0 (53.4) mg/L, t1: 320.4 (352.2) mg/L], P < 0.001. A significant regression relationship between the duration of cardiopulmonary bypass and the increased PFH was found (Spearman’s correlation coefficient 0.628, P < 0.001). In some elderly patients, the tendency towards a high release of PFH during cardiopulmonary bypass was more pronounced, but the overall association between age and PFH levels was of borderline significance (P = 0.077). The correlation between PFH and post-operative serum creatinine was low and non-significant, but the latter correlated highly with the pre-operative serum creatinine values (Spearman’s correlation coefficient reached values of 0.6-0.7, P < 0.001). Patients were classified according to the Risk of renal failure, Injury to the kidney, Failure of kidney function, Loss of kidney function and End-stage renal failure (RIFLE) classification for acute renal dysfunction during post-operative days 1 — 4; the influence of PFH levels at t1 on the consequent RIFLE classification was not proven (P=0.648), but 4 patients in the Injury category had shown a higher median value of PFH (433.6 mg/L) in comparison with the others (29 patients with no acute renal dysfunction - 313.7 mg/L, 10 patients at Risk - 330.1 mg/L).

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14

Holder, Rebecca, Derek Hilton, Janis Martin, Peter L. Harris, Peter C. Rowlands, and Richard G. McWilliams. "Percutaneous Thrombin Injection of Carotid Artery Pseudoaneurysm." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 9, no. 1 (February 2002): 25–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/152660280200900105.

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Purpose: To report the successful treatment of a carotid artery pseudoaneurysm by percutaneous thrombin injection. Case Report: A 71-year-old man with end-stage renal failure presented with acute left ventricular failure. The right common carotid artery (CCA) was punctured during attempted jugular line insertion, and he developed a large pseudoaneurysm connected to the CCA by a long, narrow neck. Ultrasound-guided compression was unsuccessful, so another technique was attempted. An occlusion balloon was inflated in the CCA at the neck of the aneurysm to avoid distal embolization, and 250 units of human thrombin were injected into the sac percutaneously; thrombosis was instantaneous. There were no procedural complications, and repeat ultrasound at 3 months showed resolution of the hematoma and no residual pseudoaneurysm. There were no neurological complications. Conclusions: Percutaneous thrombin injection may be a new and successful method of treating carotid artery pseudoaneurysms.

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15

Tang, Tjun Yip, Charyl Yap, Shereen Xue Yun Soon, Sze Ling Chan, QingWei Shaun Lee, Hao Yun Yap, Hsien Ts’ung Luke Tay, and Tze Tec Chong. "World’s First Experience Treating TASC II C and D Tibial Occlusive Disease Using the Selution SLR Sirolimus-Eluting Balloon: Six-Month Results From the PRESTIGE Study." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 28, no. 4 (April 12, 2021): 555–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15266028211007457.

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Purpose: The performance of sirolimus-coated devices has not been studied in patients with chronic limb-threatening ischemia patients. PRESTIGE aims to investigate the 6-month efficacy and safety profile of the Selution Sustained Limus Release (SLR) sirolimus-eluting balloon for treatment of TASC II C and D tibial occlusive lesions in patients with CLTI. Materials and Methods: PRESTIGE is a pilot prospective, nonrandomized, single-arm, multi-investigator, single-center clinical study. Endpoints were adverse event-free survival at 1 month, technical success rate, primary tibial patency at 6 months, limb salvage success, target lesion revascularization (TLR), and amputation free survival (AFS). Results: A total of 25 patients were included. There were 17 (68.0%) males; mean age, 63.7±9.73 years. CLTI severity was based on the Rutherford scale (R5=25/25; 100.0%). Significant comorbidities included diabetes mellitus (n=22; 88.0%) and end-stage renal failure (n=11; 44.0%). A total of 33 atherosclerotic lesions were treated (TASC II D=15 (45.5%)). Mean lesion length treated was 191±111 mm. Technical success was 100%. Primary tibial patency at 6 months was 22/27 (81.5%) and freedom from clinically driven TLR was 25/30 (83.3%). AFS was 21/25 (84.0%; 3 deaths and 1 major lower extremity amputation). Mean Rutherford score improved from 5.00 at baseline to 1.14±2.10 (p<0.05) at 6 months. There was a wound healing rate of 13/22 (59.1%) and 17/21 (81.0%) at 3 and 6 months respectively. Conclusions: Selution SLR drug-eluting balloon is a safe and efficacious modality in treating complex tibial arterial occlusive lesions in what is an otherwise frail cohort of CLTI patients, with a high prevalence of diabetes and end-stage renal failure. Technical and clinical success rates are high and 6-month target lesion patency and AFS are more than satisfactory.

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Elsharawy, Mohamed A. "Prospective Evaluation of Factors Associated with Early Failure of Arteriovenous Fistulae in Hemodialysis Patients." Vascular 14, no. 2 (April 2006): 70–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.2310/6670.2006.00018.

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Recent guidelines have recommended performing native arteriovenous fistulae (AVF) in hemodialysis patients rather than synthetic grafts whenever possible. However, early failure of AVF may reach up to 50%. The purpose of this study was to assess the factors associated with early failure of such procedures in hemodialysis patients. A prospective study was performed on all patients with end-stage renal disease who had an AVF between June 2003 and March 2005. Data including patient characteristics and the type of AVF were recorded. The internal diameter of the vein and artery and intraoperative blood flow were measured. Patients were followed up for 3 months. One hundred twenty-six AVF were included in this study. Early failure was in 14 (9%) patients. The internal diameter of the vein and artery and intraoperative blood flow were significantly lower in the failure group than in the patent group. The failure rate was not significantly related to other parameters. Our data showed that intraoperative blood flow is a reliable parameter that determines the early failure of an AVF. Careful selection of the vein and the artery may reduce the rate of failure.

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Tseng, Yuan-Hsi, Chia-Yen Liu, Chuan-Pin Lee, Meng-Hung Lin, and Yao-Hsu Yang. "Effect of carvedilol on arteriovenous graft primary patency." Vascular 28, no. 6 (May 14, 2020): 765–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538120923886.

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Background The major mechanisms of arteriovenous graft (AVG) failure due to intimal hyperplasia (IH) are smooth muscle cell proliferation and inflammation. Therefore, carvedilol may improve AVG primary patency because of its anti-proliferative and anti-inflammatory activities. Methods The data of end-stage renal disease patients receiving regular hemodialysis were collected from the National Health Insurance Research database. The end point was the first percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (PTA) for AVG failure or death during a follow-up period of two years or the end of 2013. The analysis was calculated with Cox proportional hazard model. Results There were 3028 patients treated with carvedilol and 13,704 patients not treated with carvedilol. According to a univariate analysis, the carvedilol group was younger, received more anti-hypertensive medications and platelet aggregation inhibitors, and had higher rates of diabetes mellitus and hyperlipidemia but had lower rates of hypotension and smoking. According to a multivariate analysis, after controlling for covariates, the use of carvedilol for more than 84 days reduced the probability of a first PTA for AVG failure by 9% compared with no use of carvedilol ( p = 0.021), but the use of carvedilol for 1 to 84 days did not. Conclusion The results of this study indicate that the use of carvedilol for more than 84 days improves the primary patency of AVGs, but the use of carvedilol for less than 84 days does not.

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Bassuner, Juri, Bridget Kowalczyk, and Ahmed Kamel Abdel-Aal. "Why Peritoneal Dialysis is Underutilized in the United States: A Review of Inequities." Seminars in Interventional Radiology 39, no. 01 (February 2022): 047–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0041-1741080.

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AbstractGiven a choice, most patients with end-stage renal disease prefer home dialysis over in-center hemodialysis (HD). Peritoneal dialysis (PD) is a home dialysis method and offers benefits such as absence of central venous access and therefore preservation of veins, low cost, and decreased time per dialysis session, as well as convenience. Survival rate for patients on PD has increased to levels comparable to in-center HD. Despite endorsement by leaders in the medical field, professional societies, and those in government, PD has reached only 11% adoption among incident patients according to the 2019 United States Renal Data System Annual Data Report. This figure is dwarfed in comparison to rates as high as 79% in other countries. In addition, research has shown that inequities exist in PD access, which are most pronounced in rural, minority, and low-income regions as demonstrated by trends in regional PD supplies. To complicate things further, technique failure has been implicated as a major determinant of poor PD retention rates. The low initiation and retention rates of PD in the United States points to barriers within the healthcare system, many of which are in the early phases of being addressed.

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19

Ribeiro, Felipe Soares, Harue Kumakura, Erasmo Simão da Silva, Pedro Puech-Leão, and Nelson De Luccia. "Removal of Intravascular Foreign Bodies With a Simple Low-Cost Method: A Report of 5 Cases." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 28, no. 3 (April 15, 2021): 474–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15266028211007470.

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Purpose: Intravascular embolization of hemodialysis and central venous catheters is a rare but potentially serious complication. With the increasing use of catheters in medical practice, we are often faced with this type of complication. Novel, simple, and low-cost techniques are needed for foreign body extraction in order to reduce cardiovascular risks. Case Report: We describe the approach of 5 foreign body embolization cases. Case 1: a 57-year-old woman with end-stage renal failure with a complete fracture and migration of the distal extremity of a hemodialysis catheter. Case 2: a 55-year-old man with an accidental embolization of the distal portion of a hemodialysis catheter. Case 3: a 76-year-old woman with stage IV breast cancer and an accidental embolization of a central venous catheter guidewire. Cases 4 and 5: a 71-year-old woman and a 2-year-old boy with a port-a-cath embolization. All the patients underwent successful minimally invasive removal of the foreign bodies from the thoracic site using 5Fr pigtail catheters. Additional surgery was not required. No further complications, such as damage to the vascular wall, were noted. Conclusion: Our experience with the interlacing and traction pigtail show that it is a simple, practical, and low-cost technical alternative and its benefits should be widespread.

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Shirin, Mahbuba, Mofazzal Sharif, Ayeshna Gurung, and Anindita Datta. "Resistive Index of Intrarenal Artery in Evaluation of Diabetic Nephropathy." Bangladesh Medical Research Council Bulletin 41, no. 3 (October 6, 2016): 125–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bmrcb.v41i3.29888.

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Diabetes mellitus is one of the systemic diseases affecting the kidneys. Diabetic nephropathy is a serious microvascular complication of diabetes mellitus. It is the most important cause of death in type I diabetic patients, of whom 30%-40% eventually develop end-stage renal failure and 40% of type II diabetics are at risk of developing diabetic nephropathy. So, diagnosis of diabetic nephropathy is paramount for the survivability of the diabetic patients not only because of the consequences of renal progression but also because of the strong association with the risk of developing cardiovascular disease. A total number of 53 subjects were enrolled in this present cross sectional study in the department of Radiology and Imaging, Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujib Medical University (BSMMU) in collaboration of Nephrology and Medicine of the same institution during two years (2011-13) aim to evaluate the diagnostic usefulness of renal resistive index (RI) by duplex Doppler ultrasonography for detection of renal dysfunction in diabetic patients. Clinically diagnosed diabetic patients having diabetic nephropathy referred to the department of Radiology and Imaging in BSMMU for ultrasonography of Kidneys, Ureters and Bladder (KUB) region or whole abdomen were selected as sample. Biochemical reports (Serum creatinine and Urinary albumin) and the RI value of intrarenal artery were correlated and analyzed. Only those patients biochemically were diagnosed as having diabetic nephropathy was included. Those with incomplete data, hydro nephrosis and renal calculus were excluded. Both the kidneys were visualized by commercially available real time scanner (GE Voluson) equipped with a curvilinear transducer operating at 3.5 MHz First Gray scale ultrasonography was done followed by Color Doppler of intra renal artery and then RI was measured. Majority (45.3%) patients were in 6th decade with the mean age was of 52.66±7.4 years and ranging from 38 to 65 years in patients. Male was found to be 54.7% of diabetic patients with male to female ratio 1.2:1. Resistive index of (? 0.7) was found in 73.6% patients with diabetes with the mean resistive index of 0.71±0.04. Positive correction between resistive index with serum creatinine (r=0.581, p<0.01) and albuminuria (r=0.725, p<0.01) were observed. It can be concluded that Resistive Index measured by duplex Doppler ultrasonography is useful diagnostic modality for detection of renal dysfunction in diabetic nephropathy patients. Resistive Index has value in identifying diabetic patients who are developing nephropathy and can be used as an additional diagnostic tool. Also it is well correlated with Serum Creatinine and Albuminuria which are the biochemical parameters to diagnose diabetic nephropathy.

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Vogel, Todd R., Jamie B. Smith, and Robin L. Kruse. "Hospital readmissions after elective lower extremity vascular procedures." Vascular 26, no. 3 (September 20, 2017): 250–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538117728637.

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Background This study evaluated risk factors associated with 30-day readmission after open and endovascular lower extremity revascularization. Methods Patients admitted with peripheral artery disease and lower extremity procedures were selected from national electronic medical record data, Cerner Health Facts® (2008–2014). Thirty-day readmission was determined. Logistic regression models identified characteristics independently associated with readmission. Results There were 2781 open and 2611 endovascular procedures. Readmission was 10.9% (9.6% open versus 12.3% endovascular, p<.0001). Greater disease severity was associated with readmission for both groups. Readmission factors for lower extremity bypass: blood transfusions (OR 2.25, 95% CI 1.62–3.13), hyponatremia (OR 1.72, 95% CI 1.15–2.57), heart failure (OR 1.57, 95% CI 1.07–2.29), bronchodilators (OR 1.50, 95% CI 1.13–2.00), black race (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.03–1.99), and hypokalemia (OR 0.43, 95% CI 0.20–0.95). Readmission factors for endovascular procedures: vasodilators (OR 1.63, 95% CI 1.22–2.16), end-stage renal disease (OR 1.43, 95% CI 1.02–2.01), fluid and electrolyte disorders (OR 1.44, 95% CI 1.00–2.06), hypertension (OR 1.33, 95% CI 0.99–1.76), coronary artery disease (OR 1.31, 95% CI 1.02–1.67), and diuretics (OR 1.30, 95% CI 1.01–1.70). Conclusions Readmission after lower extremity revascularization is associated with disease severity for both procedures. Factors associated with readmission following lower extremity bypass included heart failure, transfusions, hyponatremia, black race, and bronchodilator use. Risk factors for endovascular readmissions were often chronic conditions including coronary artery disease, kidney disease, hypertension, and hypertensive medications. Awareness of risk factors may help providers identify high-risk patients who may benefit from increased surveillance and programs to lower readmission.

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Gandini, Roberto, Stefano Merolla, Jacopo Scaggiante, Marco Meloni, Laura Giurato, Luigi Uccioli, and Daniel Konda. "Endovascular Distal Plantar Vein Arterialization in Dialysis Patients With No-Option Critical Limb Ischemia and Posterior Tibial Artery Occlusion: A Technique for Limb Salvage in a Challenging Patient Subset." Journal of Endovascular Therapy 25, no. 1 (December 21, 2017): 127–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1526602817750211.

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Purpose: To detail a percutaneous technique for distal plantar venous arterialization in diabetic, end-stage renal disease (ESRD) patients with no-option critical limb ischemia (CLI). Technique: After failure of standard intraluminal recanalization attempts, a subintimal approach through the posterior tibial artery (PTA) is begun using a 0.014-inch, 190- or 300-cm-long guidewire supported by a 2-×20-mm, low-profile balloon catheter positioned a short distance behind the narrow “U-shaped” loop in the guidewire. Typically, heavy calcification in the distal tortuous segment of the PTA prevents reentry to the arterial true lumen; however, an entry in the distal lateral or medial plantar vein from a subintimal channel in the plantar artery can be intentionally pursued as a bailout technique, pointing the tip of the guidewire opposite to the arterial wall calcifications. Venous access is confirmed by contrast injection through the balloon catheter. Once the guidewire is advanced in the distal lateral or medial plantar vein and a plantar arteriovenous fistula (AVF) has been created, the AV anastomosis and the occluded PTA segment are dilated with 0.014-inch balloon catheters. The technique has been attempted in 9 consecutive diabetic, ESRD patients (mean age 69 years; 5 men) with no-option CLI; an AVF was created between the PTA and plantar vein in 7 patients. The mean TcPO2 at 1 month was 30±17 mm Hg (vs 7.3±2.2 at baseline). Six ulcers healed over an average of 21±4 weeks. Three of the 9 patients had below-knee amputations. Conclusion: Although further investigations are required, distal plantar venous arterialization may represent a promising technique to improve recanalization rates and limb salvage in diabetic ESRD patients with extremely calcified PTA occlusions.

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Kocaaslan, Cemal, Tamer Kehlibar, Mehmet Yilmaz, Mehmet E. Mehmetoglu, Rafet Gunay, Mustafa Aldag, Bulend Ketenci, and Mahmut M. Demirtas. "Outcomes of arteriovenous fistula for hemodialysis in octogenarian population." Vascular 26, no. 5 (February 28, 2018): 509–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1708538118762067.

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Introduction Guidelines have been recommending the use of arteriovenous fistula among the hemodialysis population, but no clear conclusion has emerged with regard to the adequate access type in octogenarians. In this paper, the outcomes of arteriovenous fistula in octogenarian cohort were presented for death-censored cumulative patency rate, complications, and patients’ survival rate. Methods A retrospective review of 88 consecutive arteriovenous fistula interventions in 70 octogenarian patients were performed at one referral institution between January 2010 and June 2014. The patients’ records were analyzed and postoperative complications were documented. Death-censored cumulative arteriovenous fistula patency rates were calculated, and Kaplan–Meier method was used to analyze patient survival for 24 months. Findings: Eighty-eight arteriovenous fistula constructions and six salvage procedures were performed in 70 octogenarians. Fifty-four (61.3%) forearm and 34 (38.7%) upper arm fistulas were created. All types of fistulas had 6-, 12-, 18-, and 24-month death-censored cumulative patency rates of 63.6%, 58.3%, 48.8%, and 41.4%, respectively. The primary failure rate was 40.9%. A total of 15 complications were documented as edema, hematoma/bleeding, infection, distal ischemia, and venous aneurysm, all of which had been treated. Patient survival rates for 12 and 24 months were 68.5% and 58.5%, respectively. Discussion and conclusion: This analysis regarding arteriovenous fistula in octogenarian end-stage renal disease patients figured out equal death-censored cumulative patency compared to nonelderly, and two-year survival rate was acceptable. This study strengthens the argument that arteriovenous fistula should be the best proper choice in selected octogenarians; older age only should not be considered as an absolute contraindication for arteriovenous fistula creation in octogenarians; and patient-based approach should be applied.

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24

Greaves, S. C., and D. N. Sharpe. "Cardiovascular disease in patients with end-stage renal failure." Australian and New Zealand Journal of Medicine 22, no. 2 (April 1992): 153–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1445-5994.1992.tb02797.x.

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25

Saillen, Philippe, François Mosimann, and Jean-Pierre Wauters. "Hydrothorax and End-stage Chronic Renal Failure." Chest 99, no. 4 (April 1991): 1010–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1378/chest.99.4.1010.

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26

Golomb, J., A. Solomon, G. Peer, E. Merimsky, A. Aviram, and Z. Braf. "Bilateral metachronous xanthogranulomatous pyelonephritis in end-stage renal failure." Urologic Radiology 8, no. 1 (December 1986): 95–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02924086.

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27

Daly, B. D., P. A. Goldberg, T. L. Krebs, J. J. Wong-You-Cheong, and C. I. Drachenberg. "End stage renal transplant failure: Allograft appearances on CT." Clinical Radiology 52, no. 11 (November 1997): 849–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0009-9260(97)80080-3.

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28

Weise, Frank, Gerard M. London, Bruno M. Pannier, Alain P. Guerin, and Jean-Luc Elghozi. "Effect of hemodialysis on cardiovascular rhythms in end-stage renal failure." Kidney International 47, no. 5 (May 1995): 1443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/ki.1995.202.

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29

Zoccali, C., F. Mallamaci, G. Tripepi, S. Cutrupi, S. Parlongo, L. S. Malatino, G. Bonanno, et al. "Fibrinogen, mortality and incident cardiovascular complications in end-stage renal failure." Journal of Internal Medicine 254, no. 2 (August 2003): 132–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2796.2003.01180.x.

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30

Zoccali, Carmine, Francesca Mallamaci, and Giovanni Tripepi. "Hypertension as a cardiovascular risk factor in end-stage renal failure." Current Hypertension Reports 4, no. 5 (October 2002): 381–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11906-002-0068-4.

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31

Ladjevic, Nebojsa, Nevena Kalezic, Ivana Likic-Ladjevic, Aleksandar Vuksanovic, Otas Durutovic, and Dijana Jovanovic. "Preoperative assessment of patients with end stage renal failure." Acta chirurgica Iugoslavica 58, no. 2 (2011): 131–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/aci1102131l.

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Patients with end stage renal failure (ESRF) present a number of challenges to the anesthesiologist. They may be chronically ill and debilitated and have the potential for multisystem organ dysfunction. Patients with primary renal disease are likely younger and have good cardiopulmonary reserve. Older patients with renal failure secondary to diabetes mellitus or hypertension may suffer the ravages of diffuse atherosclerosis and heart disease. To safely manage these patients we need to understand the benefits and limitations of dialysis, problems related with primary disease, pathophysiological effects of ESRF, and the altered pharmacology of commonly used anesthetic agents and perioperative medications in ESRF. Problems encountered by anesthesiologist in ESRF patients include hypertension, ischemic heart disease, congestive heart failure, anemia, metabolic acidosis, hyperkaliemia, hyponatremia and circulatory collapse. All surgical procedure in patients with ESRF carries significant risk of peri- and postoperative complications (mostly cardiovascular) and even fatal outcome.

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32

Kuntziger, H. E., D. Pouthier, and A. Bellucci. "Treatment of Hypertension with Lisinopril in End-Stage Renal Failure." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 10 (1987): 157–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005344-198706107-00035.

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33

Beige, Joachim, Michael J. Koziolek, Gert Hennig, Amir Hamza, Ralph Wendt, Gerhard A. Müller, and Manuel Wallbach. "Baroreflex activation therapy in patients with end-stage renal failure." Journal of Hypertension 33, no. 11 (November 2015): 2344–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/hjh.0000000000000697.

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34

Lacativa, P. G. S., M. Castagnaro, P. J. M. Patricio (Jr.), and M. L. F. de Farias. "Ectopic calcifications in end-stage renal failure due to different mechanisms." Clinical Radiology Extra 59, no. 11 (November 2004): 120–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cradex.2004.08.002.

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35

Tugtekin, S. M., K. Alexiou, Ch Georgi, U. Kappert, M. Knaut, and K. Matschke. "Coronary surgery in dialysis-dependent patients with end stage renal failure." Zeitschrift für Kardiologie 94, no. 10 (October 2005): 679–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00392-005-0286-2.

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Mohammad, Arief, Harika Bheemaravapu, IizharAhmed Syed, and MuhammadJunaid Farrukh. "Determination of prevalence of cardiovascular complications in end-stage renal failure patients." Archives of Pharmacy Practice 7, no. 4 (2016): 158. http://dx.doi.org/10.4103/2045-080x.191977.

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37

Hausberg, M., M. Kosch, M. Barenbrock, P. Harmelink, K. Kisters, and K. H. Rahn. "MUSCLE SYMPATHETIC NERVE ACTIVITY IN END-STAGE RENAL FAILURE AND AFTER RENAL TRANSPLANTATION." Journal of Hypertension 18 (June 2000): S135. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004872-200006001-00471.

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38

Marsh, James E., and Peter A. Andrews. "Management of the diabetic patient approaching end-stage renal failure." British Journal of Diabetes & Vascular Disease 2, no. 2 (March 2002): 121–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14746514020020021001.

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39

Nelson, Adam J., Benjamin K. Dundon, Stephen G. Worthley, James D. Richardson, Rishi Puri, Dennis T. L. Wong, Patrick T. Coates, Randall J. Faull, and Matthew I. Worthley. "End-stage renal failure is associated with impaired coronary microvascular function." Coronary Artery Disease 30, no. 7 (November 2019): 520–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/mca.0000000000000727.

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40

Bitker, M. O., B. Barrou, C. Mouquet, Cl Jacobs, and Ch Chatelain. "Biological Grafts for Vascular Access in Patients with End-Stage Renal Failure." Vascular Surgery 25, no. 5 (June 1991): 353–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/153857449102500503.

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41

Panayiotou, Hercules, Alan S. Hollister, and Virginia Haile. "Reduced renal responsiveness to atrial natriuretic factor in end-stage heart failure." Journal of the American College of Cardiology 17, no. 2 (February 1991): A163. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0735-1097(91)91618-o.

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42

Eckstein, Hans-Henning, Claudius Kuechle, and Thomas Hans Werner Stadlbauer. "Trends in Lower Limb Revascularization Among Patients With End-Stage Renal Failure." JACC: Cardiovascular Interventions 10, no. 20 (October 2017): 2111–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jcin.2017.06.061.

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43

Tepel, Martin, Markus van der Giet, Mario Statz, Joachim Jankowski, and Walter Zidek. "The Antioxidant Acetylcysteine Reduces Cardiovascular Events in Patients With End-Stage Renal Failure." Circulation 107, no. 7 (February 25, 2003): 992–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1161/01.cir.0000050628.11305.30.

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44

Ashman, N. "Increased platelet-monocyte aggregates and cardiovascular disease in end-stage renal failure patients." Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 18, no. 10 (October 1, 2003): 2088–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ndt/gfg348.

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45

Arabul, Mahmut, Serdar Kahvecioglu, Mehmet Ali Eren, yasemin Ustundag, Emre Sarandol, Aysel Kaderli, Turker Emre, Ibrahim dogan, and mustafa Gullulu. "Relationship Between Prohepcidin and Cardiovascular Risk Markers in End Stage Renal Failure Patients." Turkish Nephrology Dialysis Transplantation 22, no. 03 (September 3, 2013): 290–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.5262/tndt.2013.1003.09.

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46

Morris, K. P., J. R. Skinner, S. Hunter, and M. G. Coulthard. "Cardiovascular abnormalities in end stage renal failure: the effect of anaemia or uraemia?" Archives of Disease in Childhood 71, no. 2 (August 1, 1994): 119–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/adc.71.2.119.

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Morris, K. P., J. R. Skinner, S. Hunter, and M. G. Coulthard. "Cardiovascular abnormalities in end stage renal failure: the effect of anaemia or uraemia?" Pediatric Nephrology 9, no. 2 (April 1995): 244. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00860759.

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48

Šebeková, Katarína, Zoltán Wagner, Nicole Schupp, and Peter Boor. "Genomic Damage and Malignancy in End-Stage Renal Failure: Do Advanced Glycation End Products Contribute?" Kidney and Blood Pressure Research 30, no. 1 (December 21, 2006): 56–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000099029.

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49

Marchais, Sylvain J., Isabellc Boussac, Alain P. Gucrin, Guy Delavaux, Fabien Metivier, and Gérard M. London. "Arteriosclerosis and Antihypertensive Response to Calcium Antagonists in End-Stage Renal Failure." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 18 (1991): S74—S78. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199100181-00018.

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Marchais, Sylvain J., Isabelle Boussac, Alain P. Guerin, Guy Delavaux, Fabien Metivier, and Gerard M. London. "Arteriosclerosis and Antihypertensive Response to Calcium Antagonists in End-Stage Renal Failure." Journal of Cardiovascular Pharmacology 18 (1991): S14—S18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00005344-199100185-00005.

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