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Journal articles on the topic 'End blocks'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 10 December 2022

Last updated: 28 January 2023

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1

Perko, Roland, Hannes Raggam, and Peter M. Roth. "Mapping with Pléiades—End-to-End Workflow." Remote Sensing 11, no. 17 (September 1, 2019): 2052. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs11172052.

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In this work, we introduce an end-to-end workflow for very high-resolution satellite-based mapping, building the basis for important 3D mapping products: (1) digital surface model, (2) digital terrain model, (3) normalized digital surface model and (4) ortho-rectified image mosaic. In particular, we describe all underlying principles for satellite-based 3D mapping and propose methods that extract these products from multi-view stereo satellite imagery. Our workflow is demonstrated for the Pléiades satellite constellation, however, the applied building blocks are more general and thus also applicable for different setups. Besides introducing the overall end-to-end workflow, we need also to tackle single building blocks: optimization of sensor models represented by rational polynomials, epipolar rectification, image matching, spatial point intersection, data fusion, digital terrain model derivation, ortho rectification and ortho mosaicing. For each of these steps, extensions to the state-of-the-art are proposed and discussed in detail. In addition, a novel approach for terrain model generation is introduced. The second aim of the study is a detailed assessment of the resulting output products. Thus, a variety of data sets showing different acquisition scenarios are gathered, allover comprising 24 Pléiades images. First, the accuracies of the 2D and 3D geo-location are analyzed. Second, surface and terrain models are evaluated, including a critical look on the underlying error metrics and discussing the differences of single stereo, tri-stereo and multi-view data sets. Overall, 3D accuracies in the range of 0 . 2 to 0 . 3 m in planimetry and 0 . 2 to 0 . 4 m in height are achieved w.r.t. ground control points. Retrieved surface models show normalized median absolute deviations around 0 . 9 m in comparison to reference LiDAR data. Multi-view stereo outperforms single stereo in terms of accuracy and completeness of the resulting surface models.

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Birman, A. R., S. A. Ugryumov, A. A. Tambi, F. V. Svoykin, and V. F. Svoykin. "Glued Floor Coverings Based on Wooden End Blocks." Polymer Science, Series D 15, no. 3 (July 25, 2022): 400–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s1995421222030078.

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3

Li, Yaqin, Binbin Han, Shan Zeng, Shengyong Xu, and Cao Yuan. "End-to-End Point Cloud Completion Network with Attention Mechanism." Sensors 22, no. 17 (August 26, 2022): 6439. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22176439.

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We propose a conceptually simple, general framework and end-to-end approach to point cloud completion, entitled PCA-Net. This approach differs from the existing methods in that it does not require a “simple” network, such as multilayer perceptrons (MLPs), to generate a coarse point cloud and then a “complex” network, such as auto-encoders or transformers, to enhance local details. It can directly learn the mapping between missing and complete points, ensuring that the structure of the input missing point cloud remains unchanged while accurately predicting the complete points. This approach follows the minimalist design of U-Net. In the encoder, we encode the point clouds into point cloud blocks by iterative farthest point sampling (IFPS) and k-nearest neighbors and then extract the depth interaction features between the missing point cloud blocks by the attention mechanism. In the decoder, we introduce a new trilinear interpolation method to recover point cloud details, with the help of the coordinate space and feature space of low-resolution point clouds, and missing point cloud information. This paper also proposes a method to generate multi-view missing point cloud data using a 3D point cloud hidden point removal algorithm, so that each 3D point cloud model generates a missing point cloud through eight uniformly distributed camera poses. Experiments validate the effectiveness and superiority of PCA-Net in several challenging point cloud completion tasks, and PCA-Net also shows great versatility and robustness in real-world missing point cloud completion.

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Tan, Yu-an, Xinting Xu, Chen Liang, Xiaosong Zhang, Quanxin Zhang, and Yuanzhang Li. "An end-to-end covert channel via packet dropout for mobile networks." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 14, no. 5 (May 2018): 155014771877956. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147718779568.

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Voice over Long-Term Evolution enables reliable transmission among enormous Internet of Things devices, by providing end-to-end quality of service for Internet protocol–based services such as audio, video, and multimedia messaging. The research of covert timing channels aims at transmitting covert message stealthily to the receiver using variations of timing behavior. Existing approaches mainly modulate the covert message into inter-packet delays of overt traffic, which are not suitable for Voice over Long-Term Evolution, since most of the inter-packet delays of Voice over Long-Term Evolution traffic are of regular distribution, and any modification on inter-packet delays is easy to be detected. To address the issue, in this work, we propose a novel covert timing channel for the video stream in Voice over Long-Term Evolution, which modulates the covert message by deliberately dropping out video packets. Based on the two-dimensional mapping matrix, the blocks of covert message are mapped into dropout-packet sequence numbers. To recover the covert message, the receiver retrieves the sequence numbers of lost packets and identifies them to be translated into blocks of the covert message. To evaluate our scheme, the simulations with different packet loss rates are conducted to validate the undetectability, throughput, and robustness, finally, the results show that this scheme is effective and reliable.

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Hatano, Hideaki, Masayuki Yamakami, Yuuki Sakaguchi, Koichi Kobayashi, and Keitetsu Rokugo. "Securing Bridge Girder-End Gap during Earthquake Using Large-Deformation Blocks." Applied Mechanics and Materials 82 (July 2011): 551–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.82.551.

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The girder-end gap of a bridge should preferably be narrowed from the standpoint of the durability of the expansion joint and noise reduction but is required to be widened, when seismic isolation supports are used, from the aspect of preventing collision. This study began with research into noise generated from expansion joints and the load-bearing capacity of the parapet walls of bridges. Special blocks were then fabricated using a HPFRCC and expanded polystyrene. These are capable of bearing vertical loads including wheel loads on a normal basis, readily having large deformation in the bridge longitudinal direction during an earthquake to follow the sway and slide of the girders, and being easily exchangeable after an earthquake to make the bridge highly restorable. The blocks, which are highly anisotropic in terms of mechanics, were found to provide the expected functions, being deformable in the bridge-axis direction by more than 20%. The inclusion of fibers was effective in preventing scaling from fractured blocks, and the use of expanded polystyrene enabled the blocks to recover more than 50% of their ultimate deformation.

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6

Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Accuracy of Diagnostic Lumbar Facet Joint Nerve Blocks: A 2-Year Follow-Up of 152 Patients Diagnosed with Controlled Diagnostic Blocks." September 2009 5;12, no. 5;9 (September 14, 2009): 855–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2009/12/855.

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Background: Lumbar facet joint pain is diagnosed by controlled diagnostic blocks. The accuracy of controlled diagnostic blocks has been demonstrated in multiple studies and confirmed in systematic reviews. Controlled diagnostic studies have shown an overall prevalence of lumbar facet joint pain in 31% of the patients with chronic low back pain without disc displacement or radiculitis, with an overall false-positive rate of 30% using a single diagnostic block. Study Design: An observational report of outcomes assessment. Setting: An interventional pain management practice setting in the United States. Objective: To determine the accuracy of controlled diagnostic blocks in managing lumbar facet joint pain at the end of 2 years. Methods: This study included 152 patients diagnosed with lumbar facet joint pain using controlled diagnostic blocks. The inclusion criteria was based on a positive response to diagnostic controlled comparative local anesthetic lumbar facet joint blocks. The treatment included therapeutic lumbar facet joint nerve blocks. Outcome Measures: The sustained diagnosis of lumbar facet joint pain at the end of one year and 2 years based on pain relief and functional status improvement. Results: At the end of one year 93% of the patients and at the end of 2 years 89.5% of the patients were considered to have lumbar facet joint pain. Limitations: The study is limited by its observational nature. Conclusion: Controlled diagnostic lumbar facet joint nerve blocks are valid utilizing the criteria of 80% pain relief and the ability to perform previously painful movements, with sustained diagnosis of lumbar facet joint pain in at least 89.5% of the patients at the end of a 2-year follow-up period. Key words: Chronic low back pain, lumbar facet or zygapophysial joint pain, facet joint nerve or medial branch blocks, controlled local anesthetic blocks, construct validity, diagnostic studies, diagnostic accuracy

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Manchikanti, Laxmaiah. "Making Sense of the Accuracy of Diagnostic Lumbar Facet Joint Nerve Blocks: An Assessment of the Implications of 50% Relief, 80% Relief, Single Block, or Controlled Diagnostic Blocks." Pain Physician 2;13, no. 1;2 (March 14, 2010): 133–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.36076/ppj.2010/13/133.

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Background: The presence of lumbar facet joint pain has been overwhelmingly supported and the accuracy of controlled diagnostic blocks has been demonstrated in multiple studies and confirmed in systematic reviews. However, controversy surrounds the following related issues: placebo control, the amount of relief (50% versus 80%), single block versus double block, and placebo or comparative control. Study Design: An observational report of an outcome study to establish the diagnostic accuracy of controlled lumbar facet joint nerve blocks. Setting: An interventional pain management practice setting in the United States. Objective: To determine the accuracy of controlled diagnostic blocks in managing lumbar facet joint pain at the end of 2 years, with 2 different criteria (50% or 80% relief) and single block versus double block. Methods: A previous study of 152 patients showed an 89.5% of sustained diagnosis of lumbar facet joint pain at the end of a 2-year follow-up period when the diagnosis was made with double blocks and at least 80% relief. The present evaluation includes comparison of the above results with a study of 110 patients undergoing lumbar facet joint nerve blocks with positive criteria of at least 50% relief and follow-up of 2 years. The inclusion criteria in both studies was based on a positive response to diagnostic controlled comparative local anesthetic lumbar facet joint blocks, with either 50% or 80% relief and the ability to perform previously painful movements. The treatment in both groups included therapeutic lumbar facet joint interventions either with facet joint nerve blocks or radiofrequency neurotomy. Outcome Measures: The sustained diagnosis of lumbar facet joint pain at the end of one year and 2 years based on pain relief and functional status improvement. Results: At the end of one year, the diagnosis was confirmed in 75% of the group with 50% relief, whereas it was 93% in the group with 80% relief. At the end of the 2-year follow-up, the diagnosis of lumbar facet joint pain was sustained in 51% of the patients in the group with 50% relief, whereas it was sustained in 89.5% of the patients with 80% relief. The results differed between 50% relief and 80% relief with prevalence of 61% facet joint pain with dual blocks with 50% relief, and 31% with dual blocks with 80% relief; whereas with only a single block, the prevalence was 73% with 50% relief and 53% in the 80% relief group. Limitations: The study is limited by its observational nature. Conclusion: Controlled diagnostic lumbar facet joint nerve blocks are valid utilizing the criteria of 80% pain relief and the ability to perform previously painful movements, with a sustained diagnosis of lumbar facet joint pain in at least 89.5% of the patients at the end of a 2-year follow-up. In contrast, the diagnosis was sustained in 51% of the patients with 50% relief at the end of 2 years. Thus, inappropriate diagnostic criteria will increase the prevalence of facet joint pain substantially, leading to inappropriate and unnecessary treatment. Key words: Chronic low back pain, lumbar facet or zygapophysial joint pain, facet joint nerve or medial branch blocks, controlled local anesthetic blocks, construct validity, diagnostic studies, diagnostic accuracy

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8

Burns, Adam B., and Richard A. Register. "Mechanical Properties of Star Block Polymer Thermoplastic Elastomers with Glassy and Crystalline End Blocks." Macromolecules 49, no. 24 (December 9, 2016): 9521–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.6b02175.

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9

Ohme, Bruce W., Mark R. Larson, Bhal Tulpule, and Alireza Behbahani. "Characterization of Circuit Blocks for Configurable Analog-Front-End." Additional Conferences (Device Packaging, HiTEC, HiTEN, and CICMT) 2014, HITEC (January 1, 2014): 000146–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/hitec-wa13.

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Analog functions have been implemented in a Silicon-on-Insulator (SOI) process optimized for high-temperature (>225°C) operation. These include a linear regulator/reference block that supports input voltages up to 50V and provides multiple independent voltage outputs. Additional blocks provide configurable sensor excitation levels of up to 10V DC and/or 20V AC-differential, with current limiting and monitoring. A dual-channel Programmable-Gain-Instrumentation Amplifier (PGIA) and a high-level AC input block with programmable gain and offset serve signal conditioning, gain, and scaling needs. A multiplexer and analog buffer provide an output that is scaled and centered for down-stream A-to-D conversion. Limited component availability and high component counts deter development of sensing and control electronics for extreme temperature (>200°) applications. Systems require front-end power conditioning, sensor excitation and monitoring, response amplification, scaling, and multiplexing. Back-end Analog-to-Digital conversion and digital processing/control can be implemented using one or two integrated circuit chips, whereas the front-end functions require component counts in the dozens. The low level of integration in the available portfolio of SOI devices results in high component count when constructing signal conditioning interfaces for aerospace sensors. These include quasi-DC sensors such as thermo-couples, strain-gauges, bridge transducers as well as AC-coupled sensors and position transducers, such as Linear Variable Differential Transducers (LVDT's). Furthermore, a majority of sensor applications are best served by excitation/response voltage ranges that typically exceed the voltage range of digital electronics (either 5V or 3.3V in currently available digital IC's for use above 200°C). These constraints led Embedded Systems LLC to design a generic device which was implemented by Honeywell as an analog ASIC (Application Specific Integrated Circuit). This paper will describe the ASIC block-level capabilities in the context of the typical applications and present characterization data from wafer-level testing at the target temperature range (225C). This material is based upon work performed by Honeywell International under a subcontract from Embedded Systems LLC, funding for which was provided by the U.S. Air Force Small Business Innovative Research program.

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10

Lo Verso, Federica, and Christos N. Likos. "End-functionalized polymers: Versatile building blocks for soft materials." Polymer 49, no. 6 (March 2008): 1425–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2007.11.051.

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11

Chatterjee, Runa, Rajdeep Chakraborty, and Mondal J.K. "DESIGN OF LIGHTWEIGHT CRYPTOGRAPHIC MODEL FOR END-TO-END ENCRYPTION IN IOT DOMAIN." IRO Journal on Sustainable Wireless Systems 1, no. 04 (December 8, 2019): 215–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.36548/jsws.2019.4.002.

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Digitalization rapidly connected the entire world. Everyday an enormous volumes of digital data produced by billions of intelligent devices which requires safe transmission over internet. If we look into embedded environment, handling massive volume of data is impractical for low power and low memory devices which leads to lightweight concept. The proposed lightweight model includes many symmetric key sequentially. The model follows fiestel network structure where 64 bits input block divided by two 32 bits blocks. Then every half undergoes through various symmetric key algorithms like TE (Triangular Encryption), RPPT (Recursive Pared Parity Technique), RPSPNC( Recursive Positional Substitution on Prime-Nonprime of Cluster), TB(Transformation of Bits) and bits rotation process. A triangular bit sequence generated by TE and from there various encryption as well as decryption techniques[1] have generated by reading bits in a certain order. RPPT encrypts bits by executing logical OR of successive bits. Bit swapping technique is used by TB for encryption and decryption. RPSPNC interchanges bits on the basis of prime-non prime bit position and considers any in between bit sequence as a cipher text. Lastly two resultant sub-blocks are merged to produce cipher text of 64 bits. To check the acceptance of the proposed model, comparisons take place with popular symmetric key algorithm AES and one embedded algorithm RPPT+TB. Software parameters like entropy, n-gram(4-gram), non-homogeneity, histogram are analysed. Hardware analysis of the model ensures us that it falls into lightweight domain by comparing the GE (Gate equivalent) with the ISO /IEC standard value ranges between 1000-2000GE.

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12

Gale, L., T. J. Ibell, and C. Williams. "Analysis of doubly loaded end blocks in FRP-prestressed concrete." Magazine of Concrete Research 58, no. 8 (October 2006): 547–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1680/macr.2006.58.8.547.

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13

Lang, Heinrich, and Bettina Lühmann. "Novel Carbosiloxane Dendrimers with End-Grafted Highly Functionalized Building Blocks." Phosphorus, Sulfur, and Silicon and the Related Elements 168, no. 1 (January 1, 2001): 297–302. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10426500108546571.

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14

Byers, PH. "Collagens: building blocks at the end of the development line." Clinical Genetics 58, no. 4 (October 2000): 270–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1034/j.1399-0004.2000.580404.x.

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15

Anisuzzaman, A., Takeshi Hatta, Takeharu Miyoshi, Makoto Matsubayashi, M. Khyrul Islam, M. Abdul Alim, M. Abu Anas, et al. "Longistatin in tick saliva blocks advanced glycation end-product receptor activation." Journal of Clinical Investigation 124, no. 10 (September 2, 2014): 4429–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1172/jci74917.

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16

Nguyen-Misra, Mai, and Wayne L. Mattice. "Micellization and Gelation of Symmetric Triblock Copolymers with Insoluble End Blocks." Macromolecules 28, no. 5 (September 1995): 1444–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/ma00109a015.

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Bayraktar, Ahmet Can, Edip Avşar, İsmail Toröz, Kadir Alp, and Asude Hanedar. "Stabilization and solidification of electric arc furnace dust originating from steel industry by using low grade MgO." Archives of Environmental Protection 41, no. 4 (December 1, 2015): 62–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/aep-2015-0040.

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Abstract In this study, solidification/stabilization (S/S) of electric arc furnace dust (EAFD) which is generated during the production of steel from scrap metals and classified as hazardous waste were investigated by using different ratios of cement and low grade MgO (LG MgO) as binding agents. Type I PC 42.5 R portland cement and LG MgO which contains 70–80% MgO were used. S/S blocks that contain different ratios of binding agents which have 1/0.5 – 1/1 – 1/2 – 1/3 – 1/4 – 1/5 cement/LG MgO ratio and S/S blocks which contain only cement and no LG MgO agents were prepared. These blocks, which contain 3 different waste ratios according to weight, 20%, 30% and 40% respectively, were produced and exposed to 28-day water purification. At the end of the purification process, S/S blocks were extracted using TCLP (Toxicity Characteristic Leaching Procedure) tests in order to determine the leaching behavior of Zn, Pb, and Cd in S/S blocks. By the end of this study, it was concluded that the recovery of EAFD is possible and applicable by immobilization. The findings of the study concluded that environmental performances or structural properties of blocks contain 30% waste by weight are suitable. This method is a proper one for recovering and treatment of EAFD with mixture of cement and LG MgO.

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Hill, P. J., and A. J. Palfrey. "The Britannia Field, Blocks 15/29a, 15/30, 16/26, 16/27a, 16/27b, UK North Sea." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 20, no. 1 (2003): 415–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.2003.020.01.34.

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abstractThe Britannia Field is located 140 miles NE of Aberdeen at the southeast end of the Witch Ground Graben, on the southern flank of the Fladen Ground Spur. Gas and condensate are trapped in Lower Cretaceous (Aptian) deepwater, marine sandstones in a combined stratigraphic/structural trap that straddles four UKCS blocks. Reservoir quality varies from west to cast across the field. The principal reservoirs in the west (Blocks 15/29a, 15/30) arc in clean, blocky, high-density turbidite sands. The principal reservoirs in the east (Blocks 16/26, 16/27a, 16/27b) are in fine-grained sandstones and unusual shurried facies that have a high mud content and show gravity-driven structuring. The bulk of the field's reserves lies in the east and is produced via a 36-slot platform. A 14-slot sub-sea template tied back to the platform via a nine-mile flowline bundle produces the western area. Reserves are being developed by pressure depletion and are estimated at 3 TCF gas together with 131 MMBOE condensate and natural gas liquids. Britannia came on-stream in August 1998 and is expected to haave a field life in the order of 30 years.

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Shen, Wei Qin. "Analysis of Ship End Launching Without Fore Poppet." Journal of Ship Production 12, no. 03 (August 1, 1996): 172–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5957/jsp.1996.12.3.172.

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A new technology on the end launching of a ship without fore poppet is presented. A theoretical analysis of the new technology is carried out based on the actual measurements which were recorded during the launching. By means of the Ritz method, the reactive forces from launching ways, the deflection curves and the longitudinal bending moments of ship hull beams are calculated for two ships under three assumptions. The theoretical results are in good agreement with the measured data. The strength of ships in the launching process is examined. A computer program for an optimum arrangement of the blocks is proposed.

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HALAVA, VESA, and ŠTĚPÁN HOLUB. "REDUCTION TREE OF THE BINARY GENERALIZED POST CORRESPONDENCE PROBLEM." International Journal of Foundations of Computer Science 22, no. 02 (February 2011): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129054111008143.

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An instance of the (Generalized) Post Correspondence Problem is during the decision process typically reduced to one or more other instances, called its successors. In this paper we study the reduction tree of GPCP in the binary case. This entails in particular a detailed analysis of the structure of end blocks. We give an upper bound for the number of end blocks, and show that even if an instance has more than one successor, it can nevertheless be reduced to a single instance. This, in particular, implies that binary GPCP can be decided in polynomial time.

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21

Song, Runze, Zhaohui Liu, and Chao Wang. "End-to-end dehazing of traffic sign images using reformulated atmospheric scattering model." Journal of Intelligent & Fuzzy Systems 41, no. 6 (December 16, 2021): 6815–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/jifs-210733.

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As an advanced machine vision task, traffic sign recognition is of great significance to the safe driving of autonomous vehicles. Haze has seriously affected the performance of traffic sign recognition. This paper proposes a dehazing network, including multi-scale residual blocks, which significantly affects the recognition of traffic signs in hazy weather. First, we introduce the idea of residual learning, design the end-to-end multi-scale feature information fusion method. Secondly, the study used subjective visual effects and objective evaluation metrics such as Visibility Index (VI) and Realness Index (RI) based on the characteristics of the real-world environment to compare various traditional dehazing and deep learning dehazing method with good performance. Finally, this paper combines image dehazing and traffic sign recognition, using the algorithm of this paper to dehaze the traffic sign images under real-world hazy weather. The experiments show that the algorithm in this paper can improve the performance of traffic sign recognition in hazy weather and fulfil the requirements of real-time image processing. It also proves the effectiveness of the reformulated atmospheric scattering model for the dehazing of traffic sign images.

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Shan, Erfang, and Dingguo Wang. "The numbers of cut-vertices and end-blocks in 4-regular graphs." Discussiones Mathematicae Graph Theory 34, no. 1 (2014): 127. http://dx.doi.org/10.7151/dmgt.1724.

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Li, Li, Li Zhang, Jinshui Fan, Kathleen Greenberg, Stephen Desiderio, Feyruz V. Rassool, and Donald Small. "Defective nonhomologous end joining blocks B-cell development in FLT3/ITD mice." Blood 117, no. 11 (March 17, 2011): 3131–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood-2010-05-286070.

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Abstract We have generated an FLT3/ITD knock-in mouse model in which mice with an FLT3/ITD mutation develop myeloproliferative disease (MPD) and a block in early B-lymphocyte development. To elucidate the role of FLT3/ITD signaling in B-cell development, we studied VDJ recombination in the pro-B cells of FLT3/ITD mice and discovered an increased frequency of DNA double strand breaks (DSBs) introduced by the VDJ recombinase. Early pro-B cells from FLT3/ITD mice were found to have a lower efficiency and decreased accuracy of DSB repair by nonhomologous end joining (NHEJ), which is required for rejoining DSBs during VDJ recombination. Reduced NHEJ repair probably results from reduced expression of Ku86, a key component of the classic DNA-PK-dependent NHEJ pathway. In compensation, early pro-B cells from FLT3/ITD cells mice show increased levels of the alternative, and highly error-prone, NHEJ pathway protein PARP1, explaining the increase in repair errors. These data suggest that, in early pro-B cells from FLT3/ITD mice, impairment of classic NHEJ decreases the ability of cells to complete postcleavage DSB ligation, resulting in failure to complete VDJ recombination and subsequent block of B-lymphocyte maturation. These findings might explain the poor prognosis of leukemia patients with constitutive activation of FLT3 signaling.

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Póvoa, R., I. Bastos, N. Lourenço, and N. Horta. "Automatic synthesis of RF front-end blocks using multi-objective evolutionary techniques." Integration 52 (January 2016): 243–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.vlsi.2015.04.005.

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Lipatov, Yu S., V. F. Matyushov, A. V. Krolenko, and T. P. Tantsyura. "Segmented oligo-etherurethane-ureas with end and intra-chain urethane-urea blocks." Polymer Science U.S.S.R. 29, no. 4 (January 1987): 942–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0032-3950(87)90473-4.

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Chau, K. T. "Youngs modulus interpreted from plane compressions of geomaterials between rough end blocks." International Journal of Solids and Structures 36, no. 31-32 (November 1999): 4963–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0020-7683(98)00274-1.

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Li, Hongyan, Yi Zhang, Hongbo Wang, Xuguang Zheng, and Xiaoguang Chen. "Nicousamide blocks the effects of advanced glycation end products on renal cells." European Journal of Pharmacology 674, no. 2-3 (January 2012): 455–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ejphar.2011.06.056.

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Lang, Heinrich, and Bettina Luhmann. "ChemInform Abstract: Novel Carbosiloxane Dendrimers with End-Grafted Highly Functionalized Building Blocks." ChemInform 33, no. 5 (May 23, 2010): no. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/chin.200205262.

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Herath, Jayantha C. "Firsthand Experience in Graduating Three Cohorts of Forensic Pathologists Trained With Competency by Design (CBD) Curriculum." Academic Forensic Pathology 11, no. 4 (November 30, 2021): 196–207. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/19253621211063104.

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Introduction: The University of Toronto experienced graduating three cohorts of forensic pathologists trained with Competency by Design (CBD) curriculum. We achieved this as a result of multiyear development of Entrustable Professional Activities (EPAs), Required Training Experience (RTEs), and Specialty Competency Requirements (SCRs) by the Royal College of Physicians and Surgeons of Canada’s Forensic Pathology Speciality Committee, the Ontario Forensic Pathology Service, and the University of Toronto. Method: Our academic year is comprised of 13 blocks. We divided the 13-block period into 4 stages to map all the EPAs and RTEs. The first stage, Transition to Discipline, is 1 block, the second stage, Foundation of Discipline, consists of 3 blocks; the third stage, Core of Discipline, consists of 6 blocks, and the final fourth stage, Transition to Practice, consists of 3 blocks. Board-certified faculty members in Forensic Pathology with more than five years of experience supervised the trainees. We graduated 5 Canadian and 4 international trainees at the end of the third cycle of CBD-based training program. Conclusion: Using the Royal College Speciality Committee blueprint, the University of Toronto started in 2016 planning the CBD curriculum in the forensic pathology training program. By the end of June 2021, we graduated nine trainees from our CBD-based Forensic Pathology training program. We are training the fourth cohort, and they will be graduating at the end of June 2022. This article aims to share our firsthand experiencing in CBD training in forensic pathology.

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Josse, Pierre, Clément Dalinot, Yue Jiang, Sylvie Dabos-Seignon, Jean Roncali, Philippe Blanchard, and Clément Cabanetos. "Phthalimide end-capped thienoisoindigo and diketopyrrolopyrrole as non-fullerene molecular acceptors for organic solar cells." Journal of Materials Chemistry A 4, no. 1 (2016): 250–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c5ta09171c.

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Two acetylene-bridged molecules, built by grafting phthalimides on thienoisoindigo (TII) and diketopyrrolopyrrole (DPP) blocks, have been synthesized, characterized and evaluated as electron acceptor materials in air-processed inverted organic solar cells.

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Khan, Manzoor Ahmed, Hesham El Sayed, Sumbal Malik, Talha Zia, Jalal Khan, Najla Alkaabi, and Henry Ignatious. "Level-5 Autonomous Driving—Are We There Yet? A Review of Research Literature." ACM Computing Surveys 55, no. 2 (March 31, 2023): 1–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/3485767.

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Autonomous vehicles are revolutionizing transport and next-generation autonomous mobility. Such vehicles are promising to increase road safety, improve traffic efficiency, reduce vehicle emission, and improve mobility. However, for these vehicles to live up to their full potentials, there are significant research, technological and urgent organizational issues that need to be addressed to reach the highest level of automation, i.e., level 5. Sensors, communication, mobile edge computing, machine learning, data analytic, distributed learning, and so on, are examples of the building blocks technologies and concepts constituting the end-to-end solution. This survey discusses these technologies and concepts and maps their roles to the end-to-end solution. It highlights the challenges for each technology. Moreover, this survey provides an analysis of different solution approaches proposed by relevant stakeholders, utilizing these technologies aiming to achieve level-5 autonomy. Finally, the article details two use cases to present the interplay of the building blocks technologies.

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Zhou, Yang, Fang Wang, Zhan Shi, and Dan Feng. "An End-to-End Automatic Cache Replacement Policy Using Deep Reinforcement Learning." Proceedings of the International Conference on Automated Planning and Scheduling 32 (June 13, 2022): 537–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1609/icaps.v32i1.19840.

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In the past few decades, much research has been conducted on the design of cache replacement policies. Prior work frequently relies on manually-engineered heuristics to capture the most common cache access patterns, or predict the reuse distance and try to identify the blocks that are either cache-friendly or cache-averse. Researchers are now applying recent advances in machine learning to guide cache replacement policy, augmenting or replacing traditional heuristics and data structures. However, most existing approaches depend on the certain environment which restricted their application, e.g, most of the approaches only consider the on-chip cache consisting of program counters (PCs). Moreover, those approaches with attractive hit rates are usually unable to deal with modern irregular workloads, due to the limited feature used. In contrast, we propose a pervasive cache replacement framework to automatically learn the relationship between the probability distribution of different replacement policies and workload distribution by using deep reinforcement learning. We train an end-to-end cache replacement policy only on the past requested address through two simple and stable cache replacement policies. Furthermore, the overall framework can be easily plugged into any scenario that requires cache. Our simulation results on 8 production storage traces run against 3 different cache configurations confirm that the proposed cache replacement policy is effective and outperforms several state-of-the-art approaches.

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Canalp, Merve Basak, Annette Meister, and Wolfgang H. Binder. "Secondary structure of end group functionalized oligomeric-l-lysines: investigations of solvent and structure dependent helicity." RSC Advances 9, no. 38 (2019): 21707–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c9ra03099a.

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Fibrillation of supramolecular building blocks represents an important model system for complex proteins and peptides, such as amyloidogenic proteins, displaying aggregation and subsequent collapse of their biological functions.

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Tkachov, R. O., Volodymyr V. Kukhar, Eduard S. Klimov, and Andriy H. Prysiazhnyi. "Development and Application of Tube End Forming Process with Combined Swaging and Local Differential Pre-Heating." Materials Science Forum 946 (February 2019): 755–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.946.755.

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The performed research helped to develop and implement a new process of manufacturing small high pressure cylinders, in which the operation of pressing of tubular blanks with preliminary induction heating of the deformation zone. A two-layer inductor was designed and an industrial unit for preliminary differentiated induction pre-heating for the developed technological process. The forming rate was determined, ensuring preservation of the specified temperature difference and manufacturing of deformed tube end in accordance with the requirements for its geometry. Heating die-blocks were designed for blanks deforming for application in manufacturing of diameter, allowing keeping the necessary temperature gradient at deforming. Developed technological lubricants can be used for obtaining high quality products, increase in labor protection and die-blocks durability.

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Dubois, Ph, Y. S. Yu, Ph Teyssié, and R. Jérôme. "New Polybutadiene-Based Thermoplastic Elastomers: Synthesis, Morphology and Mechanical Properties." Rubber Chemistry and Technology 70, no. 5 (November 1, 1997): 714–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.5254/1.3538455.

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Abstract Well defined poly[styrene-b-butadiene-b-styrene] block copolymers (SBS) end-capped with poly(t-butyl methacrylate) (PtBMA) and poly (meth acrylic acid) (PMA) outer blocks, respectively, have been synthesized by the sequential anionic polymerization of butadiene, styrene and tBMA, followed by the selective hydrolysis of the PtBMA blocks into the corresponding PMA blocks. The structure-property relationships of these new thermoplastic elastomers have been investigated, with a special emphasis on the effect of the ester or acid outer blocks on the bulk properties. As a rule, tensile strength is improved by increasing the length of the ester or acid outer blocks from 0 to 140 methacrylic units. Dipole—dipole intermolecular interaction of the PtBMA blocks and hydrogen bonding of the PMA blocks may account for enhanced mechanical properties. However, too high a degree of strong intermolecular interactions can constitute a deterrent to good phase separation. This is supported by morphological observations and loss in tensile properties when the relative content of the ester or acid outer blocks exceeds some critical value. In the case of a high acid content, DSC analysis shows two thermal transitions at −70 °C and 230°C for PBD and PMA blocks, respectively.

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Iqbal, Yasir, and Oh-Jin Kwon. "Improved JPEG Coding by Filtering 8 × 8 DCT Blocks." Journal of Imaging 7, no. 7 (July 15, 2021): 117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jimaging7070117.

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The JPEG format, consisting of a set of image compression techniques, is one of the most commonly used image coding standards for both lossy and lossless image encoding. In this format, various techniques are used to improve image transmission and storage. In the final step of lossy image coding, JPEG uses either arithmetic or Huffman entropy coding modes to further compress data processed by lossy compression. Both modes encode all the 8 × 8 DCT blocks without filtering empty ones. An end-of-block marker is coded for empty blocks, and these empty blocks cause an unnecessary increase in file size when they are stored with the rest of the data. In this paper, we propose a modified version of the JPEG entropy coding. In the proposed version, instead of storing an end-of-block code for empty blocks with the rest of the data, we store their location in a separate buffer and then compress the buffer with an efficient lossless method to achieve a higher compression ratio. The size of the additional buffer, which keeps the information of location for the empty and non-empty blocks, was considered during the calculation of bits per pixel for the test images. In image compression, peak signal-to-noise ratio versus bits per pixel has been a major measure for evaluating the coding performance. Experimental results indicate that the proposed modified algorithm achieves lower bits per pixel while retaining quality.

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Jónsson, S. Æ., E. Gunnlaugsson, E. Finssonn, D. L. Loftsdóttir, G. H. Ólafsdóttir, H. Helgadóttir, and J. S. Ágústsson. "0447 ResTNet: A Robust End-to-End Deep Learning Approach to Sleep Staging of Self Applied Somnography Studies." Sleep 43, Supplement_1 (April 2020): A171. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsaa056.444.

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Abstract Introduction Sleep stage classifications are of central importance when diagnosing various sleep-related diseases. Performing a full PSG recording can be time-consuming and expensive, and often requires an overnight stay at a sleep clinic. Furthermore, the manual sleep staging process is tedious and subject to scorer variability. Here we present an end-to-end deep learning approach to robustly classify sleep stages from Self Applied Somnography (SAS) studies with frontal EEG and EOG signals. This setup allows patients to self-administer EEG and EOG leads in a home sleep study, which reduces cost and is more convenient for the patients. However, self-administration of the leads increases the risk of loose electrodes, which the algorithm must be robust to. The model structure was inspired by ResNet (He, Zhang, Ren, Sun, 2015), which has been highly successful in image recognition tasks. The ResTNet is comprised of the characteristic Residual blocks with an added Temporal component. Methods The ResTNet classifies sleep stages from the raw signals using convolutional neural network (CNN) layers, which avoids manual feature extraction, residual blocks, and a gated recurrent unit (GRU). This significantly reduces sleep stage prediction time and allows the model to learn more complex relations as the size of the training data increases. The model was developed and validated on over 400 manually scored sleep studies using the novel SAS setup. In developing the model, we used data augmentation techniques to simulate loose electrodes and distorted signals to increase model robustness with regards to missing signals and low quality data. Results The study shows that applying the robust ResTNet model to SAS studies gives accuracy > 0.80 and F1-score > 0.80. It outperforms our previous model which used hand-crafted features and achieves similar performance to a human scorer. Conclusion The ResTNet is fast, gives accurate predictions, and is robust to loose electrodes. The end-to-end model furthermore promises better performance with more data. Combined with the simplicity of the SAS setup, it is an attractive option for large-scale sleep studies. Support This work was supported by the Icelandic Centre for Research RANNÍS (175256-0611).

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Zhang, Chunguang, Heqiu Yang, Jun Ma, and Huayue Chen. "An Efficient End-to-End Multitask Network Architecture for Defect Inspection." Sensors 22, no. 24 (December 14, 2022): 9845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22249845.

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Recently, computer vision-based methods have been successfully applied in many industrial fields. Nevertheless, automated detection of steel surface defects remains a challenge due to the complexity of surface defects. To solve this problem, many models have been proposed, but these models are not good enough to detect all defects. After analyzing the previous research, we believe that the single-task network cannot fully meet the actual detection needs owing to its own characteristics. To address this problem, an end-to-end multi-task network has been proposed. It consists of one encoder and two decoders. The encoder is used for feature extraction, and the two decoders are used for object detection and semantic segmentation, respectively. In an effort to deal with the challenge of changing defect scales, we propose the Depthwise Separable Atrous Spatial Pyramid Pooling module. This module can obtain dense multi-scale features at a very low computational cost. After that, Residually Connected Depthwise Separable Atrous Convolutional Blocks are used to extract spatial information under low computation for better segmentation prediction. Furthermore, we investigate the impact of training strategies on network performance. The performance of the network can be optimized by adopting the strategy of training the segmentation task first and using the deep supervision training method. At length, the advantages of object detection and semantic segmentation are tactfully combined. Our model achieves mIOU 79.37% and mAP@0.5 78.38% on the NEU dataset. Comparative experiments demonstrate that this method has apparent advantages over other models. Meanwhile, the speed of detection amount to 85.6 FPS on a single GPU, which is acceptable in the practical detection process.

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DeGuzman, Chelsea, Mark Chignell, Jie Jiang, and Leon Zucherman. "Testing the Effects of Peak, End, and Linear Trend on Evaluations of Online Video Quality of Experience." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 61, no. 1 (September 2017): 813–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1541931213601696.

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While previous research has shown that the sequencing of good and bad experience is an important predictor of overall evaluations of a set of experiences, the impact of sequencing effects on the experience of viewing online video has yet to be established. The aim of this study was to determine whether different sequences of good (G), mediocre (M), and bad (B) quality videos in different blocks would influence overall ratings after viewing those blocks. Thirty-two participants each watched 10 blocks of 4 videos and provided ratings of technical quality (TQ), satisfaction, and frustration for each video in the block, as well as overall ratings for each block (as a whole). Sequences of G, M, and B videos were designed to test whether block characteristics (features), like the peak-end effect and effect of linear trend, influenced summary evaluations of the block service. The results of the experiment show that overall block TQ, satisfaction, and frustration ratings differed significantly by sequencing feature. Difference scores were used to determine whether the features had an effect on overall evaluations beyond what could be explained by the total number of bad videos in the block or the average ratings of the videos in the block. Results showed a significant end effect for negative ends of a block, and an effect of linear trend (both increasing and decreasing). There was no evidence of a peak effect or an end effect for positive ends. The presence of a negative end effect and effect of linear trend indicate that where possible service providers should avoid service sessions with poor service quality at the end, or sessions that have decreasing quality as the session progresses.

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Bai, Yanbing, Junjie Hu, Jinhua Su, Xing Liu, Haoyu Liu, Xianwen He, Shengwang Meng, Erick Mas, and Shunichi Koshimura. "Pyramid Pooling Module-Based Semi-Siamese Network: A Benchmark Model for Assessing Building Damage from xBD Satellite Imagery Datasets." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 11, 2020): 4055. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244055.

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Most mainstream research on assessing building damage using satellite imagery is based on scattered datasets and lacks unified standards and methods to quantify and compare the performance of different models. To mitigate these problems, the present study develops a novel end-to-end benchmark model, termed the pyramid pooling module semi-Siamese network (PPM-SSNet), based on a large-scale xBD satellite imagery dataset. The high precision of the proposed model is achieved by adding residual blocks with dilated convolution and squeeze-and-excitation blocks into the network. Simultaneously, the highly automated process of satellite imagery input and damage classification result output is reached by employing concurrent learned attention mechanisms through a semi-Siamese network for end-to-end input and output purposes. Our proposed method achieves F1 scores of 0.90, 0.41, 0.65, and 0.70 for the undamaged, minor-damaged, major-damaged, and destroyed building classes, respectively. From the perspective of end-to-end methods, the ablation experiments and comparative analysis confirm the effectiveness and originality of the PPM-SSNet method. Finally, the consistent prediction results of our model for data from the 2011 Tohoku Earthquake verify the high performance of our model in terms of the domain shift problem, which implies that it is effective for evaluating future disasters.

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Hayashi, Mikihiro, and Lei Chen. "Correction: Functionalization of triblock copolymer elastomers by cross-linking the end blocks via trans-N-alkylation-based exchangeable bonds." Polymer Chemistry 11, no. 11 (2020): 1954–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0py90040k.

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Correction for ‘Functionalization of triblock copolymer elastomers by cross-linking the end blocks via trans-N-alkylation-based exchangeable bonds’ by Mikihiro Hayashi et al., Polym. Chem., 2020, DOI: 10.1039/c9py01759c.

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Ustundag, Berktug, Esref Turkmen, Abdurrahman Burak, Berke Gungor, Hamza Kandis, Barbaros Cetindogan, Melik Yazici, Mehmet Kaynak, and Yasar Gurbuz. "Front-End Blocks of a W-Band Dicke Radiometer in SiGe BiCMOS Technology." IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems II: Express Briefs 67, no. 11 (November 2020): 2417–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/tcsii.2020.2968313.

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Enthaler, Stephan. "Illustrating Plastic Production and End-of-Life Plastic Treatment with Interlocking Building Blocks." Journal of Chemical Education 94, no. 11 (July 19, 2017): 1746–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/acs.jchemed.6b00888.

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Touris, Athanasios, Sangwoo Lee, Marc A. Hillmyer, and Frank S. Bates. "Synthesis of Tri- and Multiblock Polymers with Asymmetric Poly(ethylene oxide) End Blocks." ACS Macro Letters 1, no. 6 (June 6, 2012): 768–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1021/mz3002319.

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Wonder, Emily, Chenyu Liu, Kai K. Ewert, Phillip Kohl, Youli Li, Weihong Qiao, and Cyrus R. Safinya. "Hydrophobic-Mediated Assembly of Lipid-Coated Building Blocks by Double-End Anchored Polymers." Biophysical Journal 114, no. 3 (February 2018): 629a. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bpj.2017.11.3398.

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Erzincanli, F., and J. M. Sharp. "Development of a non-contact end effector for robotic handling of non-rigid materials." Robotica 15, no. 3 (May 1997): 331–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0263574797000374.

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This paper identifies the need for a new range of end effectors suitable for non-rigid products and introduces a novel non-contact gripping device. The end effector operates on the principle of generating a high-speed flow between the end effector and product surface thereby creating a vacuum which levitates the product. The lifting forces and conditions are theoretically discussed. The experimental results are presented using the end effector that has been operated to lift non-rigid food materials such as jelly blocks.

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Liu, Xiang Feng, Lai Gui Wang, and Yong Jiang Yu. "Analytic Analysis of the Influence of Friction on the Temperature Field of Rock Specimens." Key Engineering Materials 297-300 (November 2005): 2623–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.297-300.2623.

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When the coal (rock) specimens are tested with infrared, one can observe that the specimens’ temperature field is changing. Commonly, causes of the changes are due to specimens’ plastic deformation and crack extension. But many coherent documents indicate that most specimens even has high temperature field after the peak strength. This paper put a forward that the influence of friction between the fracture planes on the specimens’ temperature field could not be ignored. Meanwhile, the paper gives a simple friction model of two blocks,. In the model, the friction surface plays the different roles to the two blocks as moving heat source and fixed heat source respectively. Those different heat sources have different effect on the blocks’ temperature field. In the end, analytic solutions of temperature change at any point of two blocks that caused by friction are given.

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Jun, Kyung Koo, and Se Jong Myung. "Cache-Enabled Metadata-Aware Storage in Linux Systems." Advanced Materials Research 717 (July 2013): 749–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.717.749.

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Hybrid storage systems integrate slower HDDs with faster SSDs to improve overall performance. To this end, various research efforts have investigated how to use SSDs as cache for HDDs. One of them proposes to cache only metadata blocks because all IO requests are accompanied with the requests to the metadata blocks before issuing the requests for the data blocks. However, our evaluation of the method could not confirm the claimed improvement. It motivated us to modify the method to integrate the caching functionality. The implementation of the proposed method in the Linux systems required to address several challenging issues. The evaluation results showed that the proposed method improved the performance by at least 90% over the original scheme. It implicitly means that caching the data blocks has more significant impact on performance than the metadata caching.

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Brown, A. M., A. D. Milne, and A. Kay. "The Thistle Field, Blocks 211/18a, 211/19a, UK North Sea." Geological Society, London, Memoirs 20, no. 1 (2003): 383–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/gsl.mem.2003.020.01.32.

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AbstractCumulative production of oil from the Thistle Field had reached almost 400 MMBBL by the end of 2000. Thistle is a success story and has been producing for over 20 years. It is now in its late stage of field life and is close to achieving a 50% recovery factor of its estimated 824 MMBBL STOIIP. The millennium challenge is to continue economic production and further increase reserves recovery. It has survived the full range of oil price fluctuations with all the accompanying cost cutting initiatives in late life becoming the benchmark for end of field life performance.

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Sether, D. M., W. B. Borth, M. J. Melzer, and J. Hu. "Spatial and Temporal Incidences of Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses in Pineapple Planting Blocks." Plant Disease 94, no. 2 (February 2010): 196–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/pdis-94-2-0196.

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A complex of Pineapple mealybug wilt-associated viruses (PMWaVs) that can infect pineapple (Ananas comosus) is correlated with reduced yields and mealybug wilt of pineapple. The incidences of PMWaV-1 and PMWaV-2 at planting, fruit harvest, the beginning of the ratoon crop, and ratoon fruit harvest were determined for end, side, and central regions of planting blocks in eight commercial fields. Differences in virus incidence for the three regions at ratoon harvest were highly significant (P = 0.0018). Central regions of planting blocks had lower virus incidences at the time of ratoon fruit harvest. Collection of propagation material from the central regions of planting blocks will help to minimize PMWaV incidence in fields planted with this material.

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