Dissertations / Theses: 'Encre – Biotechnologie'

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Moreau, Muriel. "Étude de micro-actionneurs pour la microfluidique." Grenoble INPG, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000INPG0104.

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La microfluidique est un domaine d'applications recent des mems (micro electro mechanical systems), et regroupe tous les microcomposants, essentiellement des micro-actionneurs, manipulant de faibles quantites de fluide, liquide ou gaz. Le choix de l'objet a realiser s'est fait grace a un etat de l'art general, et en se basant sur des criteres d'applications et d'innovation. Les applications biologiques constituent un domaine encore tres ouvert, touchant a la fois a la genetique a travers l'etude de l'adn et a l'aspect cellulaire. Pour ce type d'application, il est necessaire de savoir manipuler de faibles quantites controlees de liquide biologique. C'est pourquoi, nous avons choisi de realiser un microdispenseur de gouttes. Il est base sur un principe nouveau : un choc genere au-dessus d'une cavite remplie du liquide a delivrer, entraine l'ejection de la goutte par une buse. Ce principe a d'abord ete valide sur un prototype, puis sur un dispositif micro-usine. La partie active generatrice de chocs n'est pas integree avec la partie fluide du microdispenseur, qui, elle, est micro-usinee : ce microdispenseur constitue un composant consommable. Des caracterisations du volume des gouttes ont montre que ce dispositif est capable de delivrer des gouttes de volume de l'ordre du nanolitre avec une bonne reproductibilite a faible energie de chocs (0. 1mj). Des tests avec de l'adn ont egalement prouve qu'il est compatible avec les applications biologiques. Le principe de fonctionnement a ete etudie a partir de deux hypotheses, en comparant des calculs analytiques et numeriques aux experiences. Enfin, la faisabilite d'un actionneur a percussions electrostatique integre a ete evalue de facon theorique.

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Abou, Nassif Lea. "Développement de bioencres naturelles enrichies par les composants de la gelée de Wharton pour la bioimpression 3D." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Reims, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024REIMS041.

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La bioimpression 3D est une technologie prometteuse pour la médecine régénératrice, permettant de concevoir des structures biomimétiques à l’aide de bioencres. Cette thèse se concentre sur le développement de bioencre(s) bioactive(s), enrichie(s) par des composants de la gelée de Wharton (GW). L’hydrogel formé à partir des composants de la GW, n’étant pas imprimable, a été combiné à des polymères naturels, tels que l’alginate et la gélatine, créant une bioencre thermosensible. Les paramètres d’impression, notamment la température et la pression, ont été optimisés pour assurer une meilleure précision.Les matrices imprimées à partir de la formulation d’alginate/gélatine type B avec ou sans hydrogel de la GW décellularisée, réticulées par du chlorure de calcium et de la transglutaminase (TG), constituent un support approprié pour les cellules, mais l’ajout de la GW n'a pas stimulé le recrutement et la prolifération des cellules souches mésenchymateuses (CSM) ni des fibroblastes. En raison du risque potentiel d'immunogénicité de l'alginate et de son effet négatif sur le comportement des cellules encapsulées, une seconde formulation a été développée. Elle était à base de gélatine de type A, plus réactive à la TG. L’impression des fibroblastes dans cette nouvelle bioencre la gélatine A a montré une bonne viabilité après 21 jours, en revanche la présence de l’hydrogel GW n’a pas été bénéfique pour les fibroblastes. L’ajout de milieu conditionné issu des CSM de la GW a, en revanche, augmenté la bioactivité de la bio-encre à base de gélatine type A
3D bioprinting is a promising technology for regenerative medicine, enabling the creation of biomimetic structures using specific bioinks. This thesis focuses on the development of bioactive bioinks, enriched with components from Wharton's Jelly (WJ) matrix. The WJ hydrogel, not being printable on its own, was combined with natural polymers such as alginate and gelatin to create a thermosensitive bioink. The printing parameters, especially temperature and pressure, were optimized to ensure better precision.Printed constructs from the alginate/type B gelatin formulation with or without WJ hydrogel, crosslinked with calcium chloride and transglutaminase (TG), provided an appropriate support for cells. However, the presence of WJ did not stimulate the recruitment or proliferation of mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) or fibroblasts. Due to the potential immunogenicity of alginate and its negative impact on the behavior of printed cells, it was removed. The newest formulation was based on type A gelatin, more sensitive to TG activity. The printed fibroblasts in type A gelatin showed good viability after 21 days, but the addition of WJ hydrogel did not support cell viability after bioprinting. However, the addition of conditioned medium from WJ-derived MSCs enhanced the bioactivity of type A gelatine bioink

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Boi, Mélissa. "De la sélection à la création du vivant : la quête d’un équilibre juridique entre les aspirations scientifiques et les dilemmes éthiques liés aux biotechnologies." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Bordeaux, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024BORD0209.

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La présente thèse constitue une véritable odyssée au cœur des biotechnologies les plus avancées relevant de la maîtrise du Vivant. La sélection (des embryons, des gamètes...), la modification (la thérapie génique, le transfert mitochondrial, CRISPR-Cas9...), la manipulation (cellules souches embryonnaires et pluripotentes induites...) et la création (les organoïdes, les MEUS, la chimère animal-humain...) constituent un aperçu des techniques et des entités abordées dans ces travaux. Bien que les perspectives offertes soient spectaculaires, les implications liées à l’éthique, la sécurité, la santé et la biodiversité sont particulièrement nombreuses. Comment parvenir alors, à un juste équilibre entre les aspirations scientifiques et les dilemmes éthiques ? Il s’agit là, de l’objectif qui était poursuivi : envisager le droit comme l’architecte d’un compromis entre les intérêts divergents des entités et des acteurs impliqués. À ce jour, le droit paraît démuni face aux interrogations posées par les biotechnologies : ce qui est acceptable ou ne l’est pas, pour qui ou quoi, dans quel cadre et pour quelle finalité ? Cependant, l’approche multidisciplinaire et de droit comparé ayant été retenue a démontré sa capacité à y remédier en transcendant les cadres juridiques traditionnels qui s’avèrent inadaptés ou insuffisants. Parfois, en faisant preuve de créativité en présence de vides juridiques comme ce fut le cas avec les organoïdes ou les chimères. Parfois, en innovant pour procéder à une refonte profonde, comme celle ayant été proposée pour la summa divisio afin d’y intégrer le Vivant artificiel
This thesis represents a true odyssey into the heart of the most advanced biotechnologies concerning the mastery of Living entities : selection (of embryos, gametes...), modification (gene therapy, mitochondrial transfer, recent tools such as CRISPR-Cas9...), manipulation (of embryonic and induced pluripotent stem cells...), and creation (organoids, embryonic models for scientific use, human-animal chimeras...). These are just a glimpse of the techniques and entities addressed in this work. While the prospects presented are spectacular, the implications related to ethics, safety, health, and biodiversity are particularly extensive. How then can a just balance between scientific aspirations and ethical dilemmas be achieved ? The goal of this thesis was to view the law as the architect of a compromise between the divergent interests of involved actors and entities. Currently, the law appears insufficient in the face of the questions raised by biotechnologies: what is acceptable or not, for whom or what, within which framework, and for what purpose ? However, the multidisciplinary and comparative law approach adopted has demonstrated its capacity to remedy this by transcending traditional legal frameworks that prove inadequate or insufficient for these substantial challenges. Sometimes, it involved demonstrating creativity in the presence of legal voids, as was the case with organoids or chimeras. At other times, it called for innovation to undertake a deep overhaul, like the one proposed for the french summa divisio to integrate artificial Living entities

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Brohée, Sylvain. "Etude bioinformatique du réseau d'interactions entre protéines de transport ches les Fungi." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210432.

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Les protéines associées aux membranes sont d'une importance cruciale pour la cellule. Cependant, en raison d'une plus grande difficulté de manipulation, les données biochimiques les concernant sont très lacunaires, notamment au point de vue de la formation de complexes entre ces protéines.

L'objectif global de notre travail consiste à combler ces lacunes et à préciser les interactions entre protéines membranaires chez la levure Saccharomyces cerevisiae et plus précisément, entre les transporteurs. Nous avons commencé notre travail par l'étude d'un jeu de données d'interactions à grande échelle entre toutes les perméases détectées par une méthode de double hybride spécialement adaptée aux protéines insolubles (split ubiquitin). Premièrement, la qualité des données a été estimée en étudiant le comportement global des données et des témoins négatifs et positifs. Les données ont ensuite été standardisées et filtrées de façon à ne conserver que les plus significatives. Ces interactions ont ensuite été étudiées en les modélisant dans un réseau d'interactions que nous avons étudié par des techniques issues de la théorie des graphes. Après une évaluation systématique de différentes méthodes de clustering, nous avons notamment recherché au sein du réseau des groupes de protéines densément interconnectées et de fonctions similaires qui correspondraient éventuellement à des complexes protéiques. Les résultats révélés par l'étude du réseau expérimental se sont révélés assez décevants. En effet, même si nous avons pu retrouver certaines interactions déjà décrites, un bon nombre des interactions filtrées semblait n'avoir aucune réalité biologique et nous n'avons pu retrouver que très peu de modules de protéines de fonction semblable hautement inter-connectées. Parmi ceux-ci, il est apparu que les transporteurs d'acides aminés semblaient interagir entre eux.

L'approche expérimentale n'ayant eu que peu de succès, nous l'avons contournée en utilisant des méthodes de génomique comparative d'inférence d'interactions fonctionnelles. Dans un premier temps, malgré une évaluation rigoureuse, l'étude des profils phylogénétiques (la prédiction d'interactions fonctionnelles en étudiant la corrééélation des profils de présence - absence des gènes dans un ensemble de génomes), n'a produit que des résultats mitigés car les perméases semblent très peu conservées dès lors que l'on considère d'autres organismes que les \
Doctorat en Sciences
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished

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Maupertuis, Marie-Antoinette. "Information, investissement et innovation : une contribution à l'étude de la coopération industrielle : application au domaine de la biotechnologie nouvelle." Nice, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995NICE0039.

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Le phenomene de cooperation industrielle observe dans le domaine de la biotechnologie nouvelle est etudie sur le plan theorique aux points de rencontre entre economie de l'organisation industrielle et economie de l'innovation. L'approche en termes d'interactions strategiques et d'incitations ne permet pas de comprendre l'essence de la cooperation entre acteurs du changement. De meme, il est montre que la theorie des couts de transaction, y compris dans ses developpements relatifs a la technologie, ne propose qu'un statut de forme hybride de la cooperation inter-firmes. Les theses evolutionnistes quant a elles subordonnent l'explication des formes cooperatives a la definition des paradigmes et des trajectoires technologiques. Des lors la nouvelle perspective proposee repose sur une rehabilitation de la place et du role de la firme dans l'etude des changements technologiques et organisationnels. L'analyse des contraintes temporelles du changement technologique permet de definir les conditions de viabilite des choix innovateurs de la firme. La cooperation apparait alors comme un mode d'organisation industrielle a part entiere permettant de decouvrir l'information relative aux investissements concurrents et complementaires necessaire a la prise de decision d'innover. L'etude empirique des strategies cooperatives des firmes impliquees dans le changement biotechnologique conduit a identifier la trame d'une organisation industrielle specifique favorable a la creation de technologie. Elle permet de soulever in fine des questions d'ordre normatif au regard des politiques technologiques, industrielle et concurrentielle communautaires
Industrial co-operation observed in biotechnology industry is studied from the theorical point of view at the crossroad between industrial economics and innovation economics. First, the strategic interactions approach, the transactionnal paradigm and the evolutionary theory are in turn examined in order to test their capacity to explain the industrial co-operation phenomena. We conclude that they don't provide a discerning analytical framework in order to understand interfirms co-operation. In a new theorical perspective based on g. B richardson's industrial organization theory we, propose to define co-operation as an organizational mode used by innovative firms to seek information on competitive and complementary investments. Our approach is tested in the case of the new biotechnology in studying cooperative agreements between large chemical and pharceutical firms and new biotechnology firms

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Sharma, Meenu. "Interactions cellulaires et moléculaires entre basophiles et lymphocytes T CD4+." Phd thesis, Université de Technologie de Compiègne, 2014. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01066885.

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Les basophiles sont les granulocytes les plus rares. Ils sont impliqués dans la polarisation des réponses immunitaires de type Th2, dans la différenciation des lymphocytes B et dans la protection contre les infections helminthiques. Les basophiles sont impliqués dans la modulation des réponses immunitaires, en particulier dans les maladies auto-immunes et inflammatoires. Des études récentes ont montré que les basophiles murins sont cellules présentatrices d'antigène (CPA) et induisent des réponses Th2 et IgE contre les allergènes et les infections helminthiques.Par conséquent, Nous avons exploré les fonctions des basophiles humains, en particulier comme CPA professionnelles. Les résultats montrent que les basophiles, contrairement aux cellules dendritiques et monocytes, n'expriment pas HLA-DR et les marqueurs de co-stimulations CD80 et CD86. De plus, la stimulation des basophiles par divers allergènes, comme des ligands de TLR et IgE, n'induit pas des changements dans l'expression de ces marqueurs. Enfin, nos résultats montrent que les basophiles ne favorise pas les réponses immunitaire de type Th2 ou Th17. Ainsi,notre étude montre que les basophiles humains circulant ne possèdent pas des fonctions de CPA professionnelles. Des plus, les basophiles sont impliqués dans la pathogenèse de maladies auto-immunes et inflammatoires dépendantes des réponses Th2 et médiées par les lymphocytes B. Puisque la dérégulation des basophiles joue un rôle important dans le développement des réponses immunitaires dans différentes conditions pathologiques, nous avons exploré les mécanismes de régulations qui modulent les fonctions les basophiles. En particulier, nous avons étudié le rôle suppresseur des lymphocytes T régulateurs (Tregs) CD4+CD25+FoxP3, des cellules clés dans la maintenance de l'homéostasie immune, sur les fonctions des basophiles. Nos résultats montrent que les fonctions des basophiles, contrairement à la majorité des cellules immunes, ne sont pas régulées par les Tregs. Bien au contraire, nos résultats montrent que les lymphocytes T favorisent l'activation des basophiles. En résumé, nous avons exploré de nouveaux mécanismes cellulaires et moléculaires impliqués dans la régulation des fonctions des basophiles humains. Ces résultats nous permettent de mieux comprendre le rôle des basophiles dans les conditions inflammatoires et dans le développement de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques.

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Champenois, Claire. "Entre science et marché : l'"entrepreneur rationalisé" : naissance et développement de l'industrie allemande des biotechnologies." Paris, Institut d'études politiques, 2006. http://www.theses.fr/2006IEPP0057.

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Ce travail cherche à rendre compte des mécanismes d’émergence d’un secteur archétypal de l’économie de la connaissance : l’industrie allemande des biotechnologies. Le phénomène est tout d’abord interprété, en puisant dans la sociologie néo-institutionnaliste, comme un processus d’émergence et de structuration d’un nouveau champ organisationnel. Dans une perspective diachronique, les facteurs ayant favorisé - ou empêché - l’apparition – d’entrepreneurs sont alors identifiés. L'étude de l’activité entrepreneuriale concrète permet aussi de mettre au jour trois modèles d’entreprises successivement prédominants entre 1980 et 2004. Ensuite, dans une perspective de sociologie économique, les liens de financement noués entre les entrepreneurs et les sociétés de capital-risque, particulièrement importants dans la dynamique décrite, sont analysés. Finalement, à la lumière des résultats présentés, la thèse suivante est défendue : la constitution du champ organisationnel des biotechnologies en Allemagne s’est accompagnée de la genèse d’un nouveau type d’entrepreneur, l’«entrepreneur rationalisé », en rupture avec les modèles classiques proposés par J. Schumpeter, I. Kirzner, R. Burt et M. Granovetter. Par son action, ce type d’entrepreneur présente quatre caractéristiques typiques des processus de rationalisation analysés par M. Weber : il entre en contact avec ses partenaires selon des modalités dépersonnalisées, s’appuie dans son action d’entreprendre sur un ensemble de règles abstraites et impersonnelles, déploie une activité à la fois plus intellectualisée et plus rationnelle en finalité que ses prédécesseurs
This work aims at analyzing the emergence mechanisms of a sector typical of the « knowledge economy » : the German biotechnology industry. Using the neo-institutionalist approaches in sociology, the emergence of this industry is first interpreted as a process of emergence and structuration of a new organisational field. In a dynamic approach, the factors that facilitated – or prevented – the genesis of entrepreneurs are identified. Based on a study of concrete entrepreneur’s activity, three firm models can be elaborated. They are successively dominant between 1980 and 2004. In an economic sociology perspective, then, the financing ties between entrepreneurs and venture-capital firms, because they played a key role in the development of the industry, are analyzed. Finally, based on the presented results, the following thesis is defended : the birth and development of the German biotechnology organizational field went along with the genesis of a new entrepreneur type, called « rationalized entrepreneur », that differs from classical models proposed by J. Schumpeter, I. Kirzner, R. Burt and M. Granovetter. This entrepreneur type, through his action, presents four features that are typical of rationalization processes as analyzed by M. Weber : he gets in touch with partners through depersonalized ways, relies in his entrepreneurial action on abstract and impersonal rules, carries out activities that are both more intellectualized and more purposive-rational than his predecessors

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Borel, Olivier. "Le végétal, entre propriété et responsabilité." Thesis, Toulouse 1, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013TOU10078.

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Le végétal, élément par essence naturel, a évolué avec le développement des technologies et s’est vu assigner de nouvelles fonctions sous l’effet d’impératifs scientifiques et économiques que le droit a accompagnés. Le paysan mettait en culture des plantes et les sélectionnait, entretenant un rapport direct et d’ordre matériel avec les semences. Cette production localisée s’érode avec l’avènement, au 20e siècle, des propriétés incorporelles et de la consommation de masse. Le développement de la normalisation concourt aux échanges à l’échelle nationale et internationale alors que dans le même temps le terroir est célébré comme outil de développement rural et de protection environnementale. Or, les considérations relatives aux questions sanitaires et environnementales, en constante progression au siècle dernier, sont sources d’oppositions franches entre acteurs économiques publics et privés sur les choix technologiques qui devraient inspirer les sociétés. Le végétal, comme produit alimentaire, mais aussi comme matériel génétique, va être le représentant de ces volontés étatiques et individuelles. Les craintes, les risques, les dommages qui sont issus des diverses utilisations du végétal permettent, par la même occasion, d’interroger sur le plan de la cohérence, les fondements du droit de l’environnement dans la qualification générale d’atteintes portées au vivant
The plant, essentially a natural product, evolved with the development of technologies and were to assign new functions under the objectives of scientific and economic requirements, going with the law. The peasant used to farm plants and selected them, maintaining a direct link and of a material nature with the seeds. This localised production erodes with the advent, at the 20th century of the immaterial properties and the mass consumption. The standardisation’ development contributes to trade at the national scale and international whereas in same time the soil is celebrated like a rural development and environmental protection tool. However, the considerations relating to the medical and environmental questions, in constant progression at last century, are sources of frank oppositions between public and private economic actors on the technological choices which should inspire the society. The plant, like food substance, but also like genetic material, will undernline the wills of States and individuals. Fears, risks, damages which results from the various uses of vegetable, allow by the same occasion to question, from a coherence perspective, the bases of the environmental law in the general qualification of environmental damages

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Veissière, Delphine. "Les stratégies de partenariat technologique entre les petites et les grandes entreprises : le cas de la biotechnologie appliquée à la santé et à l'habillement en France et en Italie." Paris 9, 1999. https://portail.bu.dauphine.fr/fileviewer/index.php?doc=1999PA090035.

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Depuis la fin des années 70, les stratégies partenariales sont de plus en plus adoptées par les entreprises innovantes appartenant essentiellement à des secteurs de technologie de pointe. Les couts et les risques accompagnant toute activité d'innovation sont aujourd'hui partagés. Différents effets de complémentarité sont ainsi recherches dans le cadre des partenariats technologiques entre les petites et les grandes entreprises. Les entreprises positionnées sur une activité émergente telle que la biotechnologie appliquée à la santé recherchent essentiellement des stratégies partenariales permettant de pallier les couts de RD et aux risques technologiques liés à l'activité d'innovation en revanche, les entreprises positionnées sur un secteur à maturité, comme l'habillement poursuivent des stratégies partenariales dans le cadre de politiques de flexibilité tenant aux risques émanant du marché. Dans le cadre d’un système d'innovation essentiellement tourné vers l'innovation de procédé, tel que le système italien, les stratégies partenariales s'identifient surtout à des relations client-fournisseur. Dans le cadre d'un système d'innovation essentiellement tourné vers l'innovation technologique, comme le système français, les stratégies partenariales ont tendance à être plus diversifiées et à s'identifier à la fois à des contrats de recherche-développement et des relations privilégiées entre client-fournisseur. La théorie économique de l'innovation a surtout mis en évidence les fondements des stratégies technologiques selon le positionnement de l'entreprise dans le cadre du cycled innovation. De plus, la théorie des systèmes d'innovation nationaux étudie l'ensemble des interactions qui peuvent exister entre les acteurs de l'innovation et les différents acteurs intermédiaires permettant ainsi de mener à bien une stratégie d'innovation. Cette recherche met par conséquent, en évidence les différentes voies que pourraient suivre certains développements théoriques pour caractériser l'existence des stratégies de partenariat technologique entre les petites et les grandes entreprises.

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Longchamps, Louis. "Discrimination entre le maïs et les mauvaises herbes par la signature spectrale de fluorescence induite par UV." Thesis, Université Laval, 2006. http://www.theses.ulaval.ca/2006/23931/23931.pdf.

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Ramon-Portugal, Felipe. "Interaction de type killer entre levures : analyse cinétique, co-culture et modélisation." Toulouse, INPT, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPT040G.

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Ce travail presente une etude des cinetiques fermentaires de deux levures de l'espece s. Cerevisiae, souches k1 et 522d, se developpant en culture pure et en co-culture dans un systeme batch. La souche k1 appartient au groupe des levures killer, elle secrete dans le milieu de culture une toxine de nature proteique qui provoque la mort d'autres levures, dont la souche 522d, appelees sensibles. Les experiences realisees en culture pure montrent que ces deux souches possedent des caracteristiques cinetiques tres semblables. Afin d'etablir le profil cinetique de production de la proteine killer, une methode de mesure quantitative de la toxicite a ete developpee. Elle permet d'estimer l'activite toxique dans un milieu liquide en presence d'une suspension de cellules sensibles. L'analyse des resultats obtenus a montre que la production de la toxine killer est couplee a la croissance levurienne. Cette methode a ete mise en uvre pour determiner, par un plan d'experience, les valeurs de la temperature et du ph d'incubation pour lesquelles la toxine killer exprime l'activite letale maximale. Une meilleure connaissance du comportement des souches dans differents contextes a permis d'une part de modeliser la croissance de s. Cerevisiae 522d se developpant en presence de la toxine, et d'autre part de simuler les croissances des souches k1 et 522d lors d'une co-culture. Les modeles mathematiques proposes lissent convenablement les resultats experimentaux. Enfin une etude en culture continue a montre que de tres faibles concentrations de souche killer sont capables de deplacer l'equilibre des populations et de s'implanter dans le milieu

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Morais, Meline Rezende [UNESP]. "Produção de etanol em meio sintético com recuperação de fermento entre bateladas sucessivas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88030.

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Made available in DSpace on 2014-06-11T19:23:06Z (GMT). No. of bitstreams: 0 Previous issue date: 2009-03-20Bitstream added on 2014-06-13T20:10:35Z : No. of bitstreams: 1 morais_mr_me_araiq.pdf: 2246639 bytes, checksum: 11d2a7f29879d0213d188ea6fae1e539 (MD5)
Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior (CAPES)
O estabelecimento de condições para a realização de fermentações em meio sintético em escala de laboratório é uma pesquisa relevante que permite estudar alterações metabólicas e genéticas das leveduras durante os ciclos sucessivos de fermentação. A composição da matéria-prima industrial apresenta alterações constantes e os dados industriais são obtidos sem a precisão e reprodutibilidade dos dados obtidos em pesquisas científicas. Em uma seqüência longa de bateladas repetidas com o reuso de células, a recuperação das células mortas ou a simples perda celular da viabilidade, causadas por morte celular, ou a simples perda de viabilidade causada pelas condições do processo não podem ser ignoradas. Um excesso de biomassa no final do processo indica que a população de leveduras passou por renovação celular. Fermentações descontínuas alimentadas por pulsos decrescentes de sacarose foram utilizadas no presente trabalho. Como o inóculo usado foi muito alto, o crescimento celular foi menor durante a fermentação. O volume final de trabalho dentro do reator, contendo inicialmente todos os componentes exceto sacarose e leite de levedura, atingiu um aumento de 25% no seu depois de 4 horas de alimentação. Devido aos inóculos altos utilizados, um tratamento para recuperação do leite de levedura foi necessário entre os ciclos de fermentação a fim de minimizar as perdas em biomassa e viabilidade. Dados obtidos mostraram que uma redução no tamanho do inóculo levou a perdas em viabilidade. Depois da adição de cada pulso de sacarose, um reajuste do pH do meio para 4,5 foi necessário. Uma solução de água contendo sacarose e extrato de levedo nos permitiu revitalizar o leite de levedura com ganhos em biomassa e viabilidade durante 15 horas de incubação à 30ºC antes do ciclo de fermentação seguinte. Entre os ciclos de fermentação, perdas dramáticas...
The establishment of conditions to carry out fermentations in synthetic medium at laboratory scale is a very relevant research that will allow us to study metabolic and genetic alterations during the successive cycles of fermentation. The composition of the raw industrial materials show constant alterations and the industrial data are generally obtained without the precision and reproducibility of the data obtained in scientific research. In a long sequence of repeated batch processes with cell reuse, the recuperation of dead cells or the simple loss of viability caused programmed cell death or simply loss of viability caused by process conditions can not be ignored. Biomass excess at the end of the process indicates that the yeast population went through a cell renewal. Discontinuous fermentations fed by decreasing pulses of sucrose were used in the present work. As inoculum was very high, the growth was low during the fermentation. The volume inside the reactor, containing initially all medium components except sucrose and yeast cream, reached a 25% increase in its working volume after 5 hours feeding. Due to high inoculums used, a treatment for the yeast cream recuperation was required between the fermentation cycles in order to minimize the losses in biomass and viability. Data obtained showed that a decrease in the inoculums size leads to drops in viability. After the addition of each sucrose pulse, a pH readjustment to 4.5 was required. A water solution containing sucrose and yeast extract allowed us to revitalize the yeast cream with gains in biomass and viability during 15 hour incubation at 30ºC before the next fermentation cycle. Between the fermentation cycles, dramatic drops in viability were observed when an amount of 200 g.L-1 sucrose was added in relation to the final volume of medium inside the reactor, but only discrete variations were observed when 156 g.L-1 sucrose... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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13

Morais, Meline Rezende. "Produção de etanol em meio sintético com recuperação de fermento entre bateladas sucessivas /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/88030.

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Resumo: O estabelecimento de condições para a realização de fermentações em meio sintético em escala de laboratório é uma pesquisa relevante que permite estudar alterações metabólicas e genéticas das leveduras durante os ciclos sucessivos de fermentação. A composição da matéria-prima industrial apresenta alterações constantes e os dados industriais são obtidos sem a precisão e reprodutibilidade dos dados obtidos em pesquisas científicas. Em uma seqüência longa de bateladas repetidas com o reuso de células, a recuperação das células mortas ou a simples perda celular da viabilidade, causadas por morte celular, ou a simples perda de viabilidade causada pelas condições do processo não podem ser ignoradas. Um excesso de biomassa no final do processo indica que a população de leveduras passou por renovação celular. Fermentações descontínuas alimentadas por pulsos decrescentes de sacarose foram utilizadas no presente trabalho. Como o inóculo usado foi muito alto, o crescimento celular foi menor durante a fermentação. O volume final de trabalho dentro do reator, contendo inicialmente todos os componentes exceto sacarose e leite de levedura, atingiu um aumento de 25% no seu depois de 4 horas de alimentação. Devido aos inóculos altos utilizados, um tratamento para recuperação do leite de levedura foi necessário entre os ciclos de fermentação a fim de minimizar as perdas em biomassa e viabilidade. Dados obtidos mostraram que uma redução no tamanho do inóculo levou a perdas em viabilidade. Depois da adição de cada pulso de sacarose, um reajuste do pH do meio para 4,5 foi necessário. Uma solução de água contendo sacarose e extrato de levedo nos permitiu revitalizar o leite de levedura com ganhos em biomassa e viabilidade durante 15 horas de incubação à 30ºC antes do ciclo de fermentação seguinte. Entre os ciclos de fermentação, perdas dramáticas... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The establishment of conditions to carry out fermentations in synthetic medium at laboratory scale is a very relevant research that will allow us to study metabolic and genetic alterations during the successive cycles of fermentation. The composition of the raw industrial materials show constant alterations and the industrial data are generally obtained without the precision and reproducibility of the data obtained in scientific research. In a long sequence of repeated batch processes with cell reuse, the recuperation of dead cells or the simple loss of viability caused programmed cell death or simply loss of viability caused by process conditions can not be ignored. Biomass excess at the end of the process indicates that the yeast population went through a cell renewal. Discontinuous fermentations fed by decreasing pulses of sucrose were used in the present work. As inoculum was very high, the growth was low during the fermentation. The volume inside the reactor, containing initially all medium components except sucrose and yeast cream, reached a 25% increase in its working volume after 5 hours feeding. Due to high inoculums used, a treatment for the yeast cream recuperation was required between the fermentation cycles in order to minimize the losses in biomass and viability. Data obtained showed that a decrease in the inoculums size leads to drops in viability. After the addition of each sucrose pulse, a pH readjustment to 4.5 was required. A water solution containing sucrose and yeast extract allowed us to revitalize the yeast cream with gains in biomass and viability during 15 hour incubation at 30ºC before the next fermentation cycle. Between the fermentation cycles, dramatic drops in viability were observed when an amount of 200 g.L-1 sucrose was added in relation to the final volume of medium inside the reactor, but only discrete variations were observed when 156 g.L-1 sucrose... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Orientador: Cecília Laluce
Coorientador: Reinaldo Marchetto
Banca: Maria Lúcia Gonsales da Costa Araujo
Banca: Daniel Ibraim Pires Atala
Mestre

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Khalil, Omar Arafat Kdudsi [UNESP]. "Avaliação da interação entre a curcumina e o ácido ascórbico em ensaios de atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100740.

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Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP)
O excesso na geração de espécies reativas como os radicais livres pode resultar num desequilíbrio que, embora benéfico em casos específicos como no combate a microrganismos patógenos, está implicado na etiologia de diversas patologias crônicas e com o envelhecimento precoce. Muitos pesquisadores indicam o uso de antioxidantes como potenciais para a prevenção destas patologias e inclusive, algumas pesquisas com antioxidantes como a curcumina estão em etapas finais do desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Embora atividades biológicas como a antimicrobiana e antioxidante sejam bastante exploradas para várias substâncias, há um grande potencial para a investigação em relação às atividades de duas ou mais substâncias associadas. O ácido ascórbico, por exemplo, possui algumas atividades biológicas semelhantes às da curcumina, entretanto seu uso e custo são mais acessíveis. Deste modo, há perspectivas para investigações sobre os efeitos resultantes da associação entre a curcumina e o ácido ascórbico em relação a algumas atividades biológicas, com destaque para a curcumina. Assim, este trabalho objetivou determinar os efeitos resultantes desta associação em relação ao perfil de atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante, hemolítica e na estabilidade da curcumina. Foram utilizadas metodologias de análise de atividade antioxidante como os ensaios de ação scavenger do DPPH·, ABTS·+, O2 ·-, HOCl e também por análise do sistema oxidativo catalisado por peroxidase. Em relação às análises celulares e antimicrobianas, foi determinada a toxicidade sobre eritrócitos e a atividade em relação à Sthaphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans e Candida krusei. A estabilidade da curcumina foi determinada por espectrofotometria...
The excessive generation of reactive species such as free radicals can result in an imbalance which is implicated in the etiology of various chronic diseases and premature aging, although it is beneficial in specific cases, such as in against microbial pathogens. Many researchers suggest the antioxidants usage to prevent these diseases. Some researches about curcumin and others antioxidants are even in final stages of developing new medicines. Although some biological activities are fully explored for various substances, there is great potential of research about the activities of two or more associated substances. Ascorbic acid, for example, has some biological activities similar to those of curcumin, but its use and cost are more accessible. Thus, there are prospects for research on the effects of the association between these molecules, especially curcumin, in relation to some biological activities. This study aimed to determine the effects of this association on antioxidant, antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of curcumin. Since this association can prevent the oxidative degradation of curcumin, it was also aimed to analyze the effects of ascorbic acid on the curcumin stability. Antioxidant activities were evaluated through DPPH , ABTS +, O2 - and HOCl scavenging assays and guaiacol oxidation catalyzed by peroxidase. Regarding the cellular and microbial analysis, the toxicity was determined on erythrocytes and the antimicrobial activity was studied to Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Candida krusei. The stability of curcumin was determined spectrophotometrically. The combination resulted in a increase in antioxidant activity of curcumin against DPPH , ABTS + and HOCl. We were unable to determine the effect of the association against... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)

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BALSAMO, GONCALVES REIS LINDALVA. "La cooperation pour le developpement : l'enjeu des biotechnologies dans la cooperation scientifique et technologique entre l'union europeenne et le bresil." Paris 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996PA030087.

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Ce travail montre le cadre conceptuel dans lequel les nouvelles biotechnologies sont developpees dans les relations nord-nord. A travers d'une enquete sur deux cas concrets de cooperation nord-sud, l'etude montre egalement quel est le cadre conceptuel qui guide la cooperation proposee par l'union europeenne pour le developpement des sciences et technologies du vivant au bresil. Elle s'efforce aussi de conduire a une reflexion sur les controverses qui sont en debat dans les principaux forums internationaux a l'egard de l'acces aux resultats issus des recherches du genie genetique vegetal par les pays a riche patrimonie phytogenetique, en precisant la signification et la portee des nouveaux concepts de cooperation internationale dans ce domaine
This study shows the conceptual frame in which the news biotechnologies have been developing in the north-north relationships. Moreover, a survey study shows the basic concepts leading the cooperation proposed by the european union for the development of sciences and technology of live in brazil. Thus, an effort of reflection is made on the debate in progress in the international forums about the controversies concerning the access by the south countries to the results of the plant genetic engineering researches. The significance and the impact of the concepts of international network cooperation in the field of biotechnologies are also discussed

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Khalil, Omar Arafat Kdudsi. "Avaliação da interação entre a curcumina e o ácido ascórbico em ensaios de atividade antioxidante e antimicrobiana /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/100740.

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Orientador: Olga Maria Mascarenhas Faria de Oliveira
Coorientador: José Carlos Rebuglio Vellosa
Banca: André Gonzaga dos Santos
Banca: Roni Antonio Mendes
Banca: Flávio Luís Beltrame
Banca: Paulo César Ghedini
Resumo: O excesso na geração de espécies reativas como os radicais livres pode resultar num desequilíbrio que, embora benéfico em casos específicos como no combate a microrganismos patógenos, está implicado na etiologia de diversas patologias crônicas e com o envelhecimento precoce. Muitos pesquisadores indicam o uso de antioxidantes como potenciais para a prevenção destas patologias e inclusive, algumas pesquisas com antioxidantes como a curcumina estão em etapas finais do desenvolvimento de novos medicamentos. Embora atividades biológicas como a antimicrobiana e antioxidante sejam bastante exploradas para várias substâncias, há um grande potencial para a investigação em relação às atividades de duas ou mais substâncias associadas. O ácido ascórbico, por exemplo, possui algumas atividades biológicas semelhantes às da curcumina, entretanto seu uso e custo são mais acessíveis. Deste modo, há perspectivas para investigações sobre os efeitos resultantes da associação entre a curcumina e o ácido ascórbico em relação a algumas atividades biológicas, com destaque para a curcumina. Assim, este trabalho objetivou determinar os efeitos resultantes desta associação em relação ao perfil de atividades antimicrobiana, antioxidante, hemolítica e na estabilidade da curcumina. Foram utilizadas metodologias de análise de atividade antioxidante como os ensaios de ação scavenger do DPPH·, ABTS·+, O2 ·-, HOCl e também por análise do sistema oxidativo catalisado por peroxidase. Em relação às análises celulares e antimicrobianas, foi determinada a toxicidade sobre eritrócitos e a atividade em relação à Sthaphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans e Candida krusei. A estabilidade da curcumina foi determinada por espectrofotometria... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The excessive generation of reactive species such as free radicals can result in an imbalance which is implicated in the etiology of various chronic diseases and premature aging, although it is beneficial in specific cases, such as in against microbial pathogens. Many researchers suggest the antioxidants usage to prevent these diseases. Some researches about curcumin and others antioxidants are even in final stages of developing new medicines. Although some biological activities are fully explored for various substances, there is great potential of research about the activities of two or more associated substances. Ascorbic acid, for example, has some biological activities similar to those of curcumin, but its use and cost are more accessible. Thus, there are prospects for research on the effects of the association between these molecules, especially curcumin, in relation to some biological activities. This study aimed to determine the effects of this association on antioxidant, antimicrobial and hemolytic activities of curcumin. Since this association can prevent the oxidative degradation of curcumin, it was also aimed to analyze the effects of ascorbic acid on the curcumin stability. Antioxidant activities were evaluated through DPPH , ABTS +, O2 - and HOCl scavenging assays and guaiacol oxidation catalyzed by peroxidase. Regarding the cellular and microbial analysis, the toxicity was determined on erythrocytes and the antimicrobial activity was studied to Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Candida albicans and Candida krusei. The stability of curcumin was determined spectrophotometrically. The combination resulted in a increase in antioxidant activity of curcumin against DPPH , ABTS + and HOCl. We were unable to determine the effect of the association against... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor

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Souza, Franck da Rosa de. "Aplicação de enzimas no processamento de couros : comparação entre processos químicos e coenzimáticos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/25867.

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A procura por tecnologias que minimizem o consumo de água e o potencial poluidor da indústria do couro tem aumentado. O uso de enzimas em diversas etapas produtivas deste processo é uma alternativa cada vez mais comum, pois além de ser considerada tecnologia limpa, acelera o processo produtivo. O objetivo deste trabalho foi analisar o desempenho de oito enzimas comerciais (A1, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3 e C4) fornecidas por três empresas do setor (A, B e C) em processos chamados coenzimáticos, com teores reduzidos de produtos químicos, nas etapas de remolho, depilação/caleiro e purga, por meio da comparação com processos tradicionais puramente químicos. Na etapa de remolho foi verificada a influência do tempo de processamento, tipo e concentração de enzima, sendo a pele analisada quanto ao teor de gorduras e matéria volátil e o banho analisado com relação à concentração de cloretos, sólidos totais, fixos e voláteis. Na etapa de depilação/caleiro foi estudada a influência do tempo, tipo e concentração de enzima, em comparação com dois processos químicos (tradicional e reduzido), sendo analisada a pele em diferentes tempos de processo (via análise de MEV). Na etapa de purga, o processo foi avaliado com relação ao tipo de enzima aplicada e ao tempo de processamento. Ao todo foram realizados 24 testes (12 de remolho, 6 de depilação/caleiro e 6 de purga) e em todos eles, além das análises citadas anteriormente, foram feitas análises de Carbono Orgânico Total (COT) e Proteína Solúvel (método de Lowry) nos banhos. Adicionalmente, foi determinada a atividade das enzimas A1, B3 e C3 frente ao colágeno e das enzimas A1, B3, C3 e B1 frente a lipídeos. Em geral, os resultados apontam que os processos coenzimáticos alcançam um maior potencial de remoção de matéria orgânica, quando comparado aos processos puramente químicos, destacando-se as enzimas C1 no remolho e B1 e B2 na depilação/caleiro. Na purga as enzimas apresentaram desempenho semelhante, destacando-se as enzimas B3 e C3. Os testes de determinação da atividade enzimática demonstraram que a enzima B3 não apresenta atividade frente ao colágeno, enquanto que as enzimas A1 e C3 possuem atividade frente a este substrato. Já para a atividade lipolítica, o maior desempenho foi verificado para a enzima A1. A utilização de enzimas em curtumes tem sua eficácia comprovada na etapa de purga, recentemente na depilação/caleiro e remolho também apresentou resultados positivos.
The search for technologies that minimize water consumption and pollution potential of the leather industry has increased. The use of enzymes in various productive stages of this process is a common alternative, since it is a clean technology and accelerates the process. The aim of this study was to analyze the performance of eight commercial enzyme (A1, B1, B2, B3, C1, C2, C3 and C4) provided by three companies in the sector (A, B and C) in processes appointed co-enzymatic, with reduced levels chemicals on the steps of soaking, dehairing/liming and bating, by comparison with the traditional purely chemical. In the stage of soaking was seen from the influence of processing time, type and enzyme’s concentration, being the skin analyzed for fat content and volatile matter and bath analyzed with respect to the concentration of chloride, total solids, fixed and volatile. In step dehairing/liming was studied the influence of time, type and enzyme’s concentration, compared with two chemical processes (traditional and reduced) and the skin was treated at different process times (by SEM analysis). In the bating step, the process was evaluated for the type of enzyme used and the processing time. Altogether 24 tests were performed (12 of soaking, 6 of dehairing/liming and 6 of bating) and all of them, besides the previously mentioned tests were analyzed for Total Organic Carbon (TOC) and Soluble Protein (Lowry method) in baths. Additionally, it was determined the activity of enzymes A1, B3 and C3 against the collagen and enzymes A1, B3, C3 and B1 front of lipids. In general, the results indicate that the co-enzymatic processes reach a greater potential for removal of organic matter when compared to purely chemical processes, especially the enzymes in the soaking C1, B1 and B2 in dehairing/liming. In bating, the enzymes showed similar performance, especially enzymes B3 and C3. Tests for determination of enzyme activity showed that the enzyme has no activity against B3 to collagen, while the A1 and C3 enzymes have activity against this substrate. As for the lipase activity, the greatest effects were observed for the enzyme A1. The use of enzymes in leather processing has proven effective in purging step recently in soaking and dehairing/liming also had positive results.

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Morchain, Jérôme. "Etude et modelisation des couplages entre cinetiques physiques et biologiques dans les reacteurs de grand volume." Toulouse, INSA, 2000. http://www.theses.fr/2000ISAT0005.

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Les travaux presentes dans memoire sont bases sur l'analyse des bassins de lagunage aere et concernent le developpement d'outils permettant l'analyse des couplages entre l'hydrodynamique, le transfert d'oxygene et les reactions biologiques dans les reacteurs biologiques de grandes dimensions. L'analyse bibliographique montre que la problematique est commune a l'ensemble des reacteurs biologiques aeres heterogenes dans lesquels la qualite du melange est faible. Les codes de mecanique des fluides numerique (fidap et fluent) sont utilises pour calculer l'hydrodynamique 3d interne des bassins de lagunage dans le cas ou l'injection d'air et de quantite de mouvement sont localisees. L'etude revele l'existence d'un couplage important entre la structure de l'ecoulement et l'efficacite du transfert d'oxygene. Dans une seconde partie, deux modeles de reactions biologiques integrant la notion de transfert entre phase liquide et phase biotique sont proposes afin de prendre en compte la notion de vecu dans l'expression des taux de croissance des microorganismes. Le premier modele utilise la notion d'adaptabilite. Le second associe le concept de bilan de population et un modele metabolique pour l'etude dynamique d'une population de microorganismes. Enfin, l'association d'un modele d'ecoulement et d'un modele biologique est utilise pour l'etude du fonctionnement d'un reacteur biologique heterogene. Le modele global ainsi cree permet d'envisager une approche dynamique des couplages dans un bio reacteur aere de grandes dimensions.

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Paul, Alexis. "Validation d'une caisse isotherme pour le transport d'un produit de biotechnolgie en température contrôlée entre +2 et +8oC." Paris 5, 2001. http://www.theses.fr/2001PA05P013.

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Melo, Vinicius André Morais Rocha. "Construção de ferramentas para estudo da possível interação entre interferon-beta e p53." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-17082009-121304/.

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Formação de tumores deve-se a combinações de fatores. A via de p53 tem um papel fundamental no controle de proliferação e apoptose. O interferon-beta (IFNb) é importante na modulação da resposta imunológica, no efeito antitumoral e no impacto apoptótico em células tumorais. Segundo a literatura, IFNb ativa a transcrição de p53 e componentes do sistema IFN efetuam sua função pela via p53/p14arf. Neste projeto, foi construída uma série de ferramentas para explorar interações entre p53 e IFNb. A primeira ferramenta, uma linhagem celular derivada de B16 com expressão de p53 reduzida por miRNA. Também construímos vetores plasmidiais e adenovirais portadores dos cDNAs para eGFP, Luciferase, p53 ou IFNb. Os vetores são utilizados para introduzir estes fatores, sozinho ou combinados, na célula alvo. Mesmo confirmando a atividade de p53 ou IFNb sozinho, não foi observado um efeito aditivo destes fatores em conjunto com este tipo de ensaio. Futuros estudos das possíveis interações entre as vias de p53 e IFNb terão o benefício das ferramentas construídas neste projeto.
Formation of tumors it must to combinations of factors. The p53 pathway has an essential role in proliferation control and apoptosis. The interferon-beta (IFNb) is important in modulation of the immunologic response, in the antitumoral effect and in the apoptotic impact in tumor cells. According to literature, IFNb activate the p53 transcription and components of IFN system effect its function to p53/p14arf pathway. In this project, a series of tools was constructed to explore interactions between p53 and IFNb. The first tool, a cellular lineage derivative of B16 with expression of p53 reduced by miRNA. We also construct plasmidial and adenoviral vectors carriers of cDNAs for eGFP, Luciferase, p53 or IFNb. The vectors are used to introduce these factors, alone or agreed, in the target cell. Even confirming the activity of p53 or IFNb alone, an additive effect of these factors combined was not observed with this type of assay. Future studies of the possible interactions between p53 and IFNb pathways will have the benefit of the tools constructed in this project.

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Torres, Oscar Alberto Duarte. "A bioprospecção na Colombia : um exemplo de conflito entre as capacidades de ciencia e tecnologia e o marco regulatorio." [s.n.], 2009. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/286886.

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Orientador: Lea Maria Leme Strini Velho
Tese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Geociencias
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Resumo: Na prática da bioprospecção se apresentam uma série de divergências e conflitos de distinta natureza, que fazem dela um objeto muito interessante de estudo, como os diferenciados poderes de negociação das partes (países do Norte e países do Sul); a interação entre diferentes tipos de conhecimento (tradicional e científico); a complexidade de um marco legal no nível internacional e a possibilidade de que os países em desenvolvimento, ricos em biodiversidade, aumentem suas capacidades para realizar atividades de C&T. À luz deste quadro geral esta pesquisa localiza a bioprospecção na Colômbia, que é um país muito interessante como estudo de caso desta prática devido ao fato de que é considerado um dos Estados mais biodiversos do planeta; apesar disso, é um país com poucos estudos realizados que contribuam a quantificar sua capacidade científica e tecnológica para realizar bioprospecção e possui um marco jurídico complexo para realizar acesso aos recursos genéticos. Este estudo avalia e analisa algumas das experiências da Colômbia na prática bioprospectiva, fazendo um paralelo entre as capacidades científicas e tecnológicas relevantes para esta prática, as limitações impostas pelo marco jurídico e o papel desempenhado pela política de C&T. Os resultados evidenciam que atualmente, a Colômbia tem avances em atividades de bioprospecção, o que ocorre sem que a política científica local tenha elegido a esta como um tema prioritário. Este país possui um marco legal normativo muito complexo e esta complexidade, associada à rigidez, faz com que a normativa existente se converta num impedimento para realizar de forma legal as atividades relacionadas com bioprospecção; assim, o marco regional andino, através da chamada Decisão Andina 391 de 1996, é a normativa que atualmente está impondo as maiores limitações para que se desenvolvam na Colômbia de uma forma adequada pesquisas que contemplem o acesso aos recursos genéticos. Evidencia-se a necessidade de um maior compromisso por parte dos organismos encarregados de planejar e apoiar a C&T como atores fundamentais para identificar oportunidades da bioprospecção e para fortalecer as atuais capacidades. O estudo recomenda a necessidade de adotar na Colômbia um enfoque mais pró-ativo que permitisse a negociação dos recursos e não um enfoque meramente defensivo de "guardião dos recursos". As evidências integrais deste estudo levam a concluir que a bioprospecção é uma alternativa extraordinária mediante a qual se aproveitaria a biodiversidade da Colômbia e as fortalezas endógenas dos grupos de pesquisa da agropecuária.
Abstract: The bioprospecting practice has a series of divergences and conflicts of diverse nature, that make it a very interesting subject for analysis; these include the different negotiating powers of the parties involved (Northern countries and Southern countries), the interaction between different types of knowledge (traditional and scientific), the complexity of a worldwide legal framework, and the possibility for developing countries, with a rich biodiversity, to improve their capabilities to accomplish S&T activities. Considering this general scenario, this study analyzes the bioprospecting practice in Colombia, as it constitutes a very interesting case study of this practice due to its status as one of the countries with the richest biodiversity. Despite the foregoing, Colombia has accomplished very few studies to help measure its bioprospecting scientific and technological capabilities and it has a complex legal framework to be able to access genetic resources. This study assesses and analyzes some of Colombia's experiences concerning the bioprospecting practice, making a parallel between the relevant scientific and technological capabilities of this practice, the limitations imposed by the legal framework, and the role of the S&T policy. Results obtained evidence that, to this day, Colombia has made significant progress in bioprospecting activities, regardless of the fact that bioprospection has not been selected as a priority topic by the scientific policy. Colombia is a country with a highly complex regulatory legal framework and, therefore, such complexity together with the lack of flexibility, turn the existing regulations into an obstacle for the accomplishment of activities related with this practice in a legal manner. That is why the Andean region legal framework, through the so-called Andean Decision 391 of 1996, is the regulatory framework currently imposing the greatest limitations for the proper development of research works contemplating access to genetic resources. The need for a stronger commitment by the entities in charge of planning and supporting the S&T is evidenced, as core players in the identification of bioprospecting opportunities aimed at strengthening the existing capacities. The study recommends the need to adopt in Colombia a more proactive focus allowing the negotiation of resources rather than the merely defensive focus as "guarding of the resources". The overall evidence of this study leads to conclude that bioprospection constitutes an extraordinary alternative whereby Colombian biodiversity could be exploited as well as the endogenous strengths of farming research groups.
Doutorado
Doutor em Política Científica e Tecnológica

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Mello, Pedro Dionizio de. "Articulações entre ciência e mercado : a biotecnologia como uma atividade econômica no Rio Grande do Sul." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/170418.

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A pesquisa se propõe a investigar o campo empírico da produção de bens e serviços com atividade biotecnológica em Porto Alegre, levando em consideração a pluralidade de interesses profissionais que movem cientistas de carreira acadêmica da área de biociências à esfera do mercado, bem como a articulação de contatos em diferentes redes necessária à viabilização comercial de empresas de biotecnologia criadas. Os tipos de racionalidades e os interesses implicados no comportamento dos agentes analisados em um contexto mercantil foram interpretados à luz do conceito de “ação econômica”, de Max Weber. Essa noção conceitual foi interligada com a de “redes de relações sociais”, de Mark Granovetter, como forma de interpretar o processo de identificação e exploração de oportunidades econômicas. No que se refere a procedimentos metodológicos, a pesquisa realizou um estudo de caso, articulando diferentes técnicas de pesquisa, como entrevistas semiestruturadas e análise de documentos. Considerando as limitações empíricas desse estudo, a pesquisa demonstrou, de maneira geral, uma tendência de conciliação entre interesses ideais e materiais, expressos no interesse dos agentes de produzir bens não apenas com valor econômico, mas também com sentido social e com acréscimos de experiências significativas em suas trajetórias pessoais e profissionais. Por fim, demonstrou que a trajetória profissional anterior dos agentes exerce influência em suas transações mercantis, expressa na mobilização de contatos com complementariedade técnica e com vínculos de intimidade e confiança.
The research investigates the empirical field of the production of goods and services related to biotechnology in Porto Alegre, considering the diversity of professional interests that move academic career scientists from the biotechnology area to the market and the establishment of the necessary networks that commercially enabled the creation of biotechnology companies. The types of rationalities and the interests implied in the analyzed agents’ behaviors in a mercantile context are interpreted with the “economic action” concept, by Max Weber. This conceptual notion is connected to the “social relationship net” concept, by Mark Granovetter, to form a way to interpret the process of identification and exploration of economic opportunities. The research methodological procedures include a study case that varies different research techniques, like semi structured interviews and document analysis. Considering the empirical limitations, the research shows that, in a general manner, there is a tendency to reconcile ideal and material interests that are expressed in the agents’ interests in not only producing goods with economic value, but also with social meaning and significant experiences additions in their personal and professional trajectory. In the end, the research shows that the agents’ previous professional trajectory influences their mercantile transactions, expressed in the mobilization of contacts with technical complementarity and bonds of intimacy and trust.

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Trevisan, Julia Exaltação. "Comparação entre os processamentos "top-down" e "bottom-up" para a produção de lipossomas funcionais aplicados à vacinação gênica contra a tuberculose." [s.n.], 2010. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/266940.

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Orientadores: Maria Helena Andrade Santana, Lucimara Gaziola de la Torre
Dissertação (mestrado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Faculdade de Engenharia Química
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta um estudo comparativo de processos escalonáveis dos tipos "top-down" (cominuição) e "bottom-up" (síntese), visando a produção de lipossomas funcionais para a vacinação gênica contra a tuberculose. Na abordagem "top-down" os lipossomas foram produzidos através da alimentação de uma dispersão de fosfolipídios em água e simultânea cominuição através de cisalhamento produzido por agitadores mecânicos dos tipos Caules (C) e Ultra-turrax® (U-T). Os lipossomas provenientes do U-T foram posteriormente submetidos a maiores níveis de cisalhamento, pela passagem através de microcanais tortuosos a pressões da ordem de 100 atm, em microfluidizador (M). A influência das variáveis operacionais sobre o diâmetro, polidispersidade e potencial zeta foi analisada através de planejamento estatístico fatorial e superfícies de resposta. Para C e U-T, os efeitos do cisalhamento prevaleceram em relação à vazão de alimentação. Para M, a pressão exerceu maior influência que o número de passagens. A taxa de cisalhamento aplicada variou na faixa de 102 a 7.106 s-1, produzindo diâmetros médios de 957 a 90 nm, polidispersidades de 0,60 a 0,25 e potenciais zeta de -60 a -44 mV. O diâmetro médio dos lipossomas variou com o inverso da raiz quadrada da taxa de cisalhamento. No processo "bottom-up" os lipossomas foram produzidos continuamente na interface etanol/fosfolipídio e água, formada por focalização hidrodinâmica em microcanal reto de 0,14 mm de largura. A velocidade de formação dos lipossomas variou com a razão água/etanol, concentração e composição lipídica. As propriedades físico-químicas originais dos lipossomas funcionais foram aproximadamente reproduzidas em ambos os processos escalonáveis. Comparativamente, o processo "top-down" é mais robusto, de fácil operação, permite utilizar altas concentrações lipídicas (400 mM), com obtenção de maior produtividade. Porém é descontínuo e requer maior consumo energético. O processo "bottom-up" é menos robusto, opera de forma estável a mais baixas concentrações lipídicas (100 mM), porém a produção é contínua e com menor consumo energético
Abstract: The work presents a comparative study of scalable process with a top-down (comminution) and bottom-up (synthesis) approach, aiming the production of functional liposomes for the genetic vaccination against tuberculosis. For the top-down approach, liposomes were produced through the feed of a phospholipid in water solution and simultaneous comminution by cowls (C) and Ultra-Turrax® (U-T) mechanical dispersers. The liposomes obtained by U-T were then submitted to greater levels of shear through the processing in tortuous microchannels under a pressure in the order of 100 atm, in a microfluidizer (M). The influence of the operational variables on the diameter, polydispersity and zeta potential was analyzed through statistics factorial planning and response surface. For C and U-T the effects of shear overcame the effects of feed flow rate, and for M the effects of shear had greater influence than the number of passes.The applied hear rate varied in the range of 102 a 7.106 s-1, resulting in liposomes with mean diameter of 957 to 90 nm, polydispersity of 0,60 to 0,25 and zeta potential of -60 to -44 mV. The mean diameter varied with the inverse of the square root of the shear rate applied. In the bottom-up process liposomes were produced continuously at the interface ethanol/phospholipid and water, formed by the hydrodynamic focusing in a straight microchannel with 0,14 mm of width. The liposome formation velocity varied with the ethanol/water flow ratio, the lipid concentration and composition. The original physico-chemical properties of the functional liposomes were approximately reproduced in both scalable approaches. Comparatively, the top-down approach was more robust, easy to operate and allows the use of high lipid concentration (400 mM), achieving a greater productivity. However, it is discontinuous and requires a higher energetic consumption. The bottom-up approach is less robust, is stably operated with lower lipid concentration (100 mM), but it is a continuous production with a low energetic consumption
Mestrado
Desenvolvimento de Processos Biotecnologicos
Mestre em Engenharia Química

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Paix, Benoît. "Etude des dynamiques spatio-temporelles des interactions entre le microbiote et le métabolome de surface de la macroalgue Taonia atomaria par une approche multi-omiques." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Toulon, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020TOUL0012.

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En tant qu’espèces ingénieures de leurs écosystèmes et que producteurs primaires, les macroalgues marines jouent un rôle crucial au sein de leur écosystème. Les interactions chimiques avec leurs microorganismes épiphytes semblent particulièrement essentielles pour leur physiologie. Cependant les relations macroalgues-microbiote et le rôle des paramètres environnementaux dans ces interactions restent encore peu explorées. L’objectif général de la thèse est de comprendre comment varie la structure de la communauté procaryotique épiphyte de l’algue brune Taonia atomaria en lien avec les variations de la production métabolique de surface de l’hôte et quelle est l’influence de l’environnement sur ces variations qui affectent et façonnent ce modèle d’holobionte. Une approche multi-omiques, couplant l’étude des communautés procaryotes épiphytes par metabarcoding et l’étude des métabolites de surface par des analyses optimisées en métabolomique, a ainsi été employée conjointement avec d’autres analyses telle que la cytométrie en flux. Les résultats obtenus ont révélé que la communauté microbienne épiphyte de T. atomaria, lui était spécifique en comparaison avec les communautés de biofilms de substrats rocheux et celles planctoniques, suggérant un rôle possible du métabolome de surface. Entre outre, d’importantes co-variations entre le métabolome et le microbiote à la surface de l’algue ont été observées à différents niveaux, que ce soit à l’échelle du thalle, de la dynamique temporelle ou encore d’un point de vue biogéographique. Certains paramètres environnementaux semblent être particulièrement impliqués dans les interactions au sein de l’holobionte, tels que la température, la contamination en cuivre, mais aussi l’intensité lumineuse. Dans un contexte de Changement Global, ces travaux apportent de nouvelles perspectives permettant de mieux appréhender la dynamique des macroalgues-holobiontes
As ecosystems engineers and primary producers, marine seaweeds play important roles for other organisms. Chemical interactions with epiphytic microorganisms seem particularly important for their physiology. However, macroalgae-microbiota relationships and the role of environmental parameters remains poorly investigated. The main objective of this PhD thesis was to understand how vary the epiphytic prokaryotic community of the brown alga Taonia atomaria, in relationship with variations of the surface metabolome of the host and what is the influence of the environment on these variations which shape this holobiont model. A multi-omics approach coupling prokaryotic communities studies by metabarcoding and surface metabolites studies by an optimized metabolomics analysis, has been jointly conducted, together with further analyses such as flow cytometry. Studies have thus revealed that the epiphytic microbial community of T. atomaria was specific in comparison with the biofilm communities of rocky substrates, and planktonic ones, suggesting a possible role of the surface metabolome in the structuring of the microbiota. Otherwise, important co-variations between the metabolome and the microbiota at the algal surface were observed at different levels, whether at the thallus or biogeographical scale, or during temporal dynamics. Some environmental parameters seem to be particularly involved in these interactions, such as temperature, copper contamination, but also irradiance. In a context of Global Change, this work provides new perspectives allowing to better understand dynamics of macroalgal-holobionts

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Pesquero, Naira Canevarolo. "Estudo da equivalência entre a lectina artin M obtida a partir da semente da jaca e a sua forma recombinante na afinidade por glicanas /." Araraquara : [s.n.], 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87992.

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Orientador: Paulo Roberto Bueno
Banca: Marcelo Mulato
Banca: Maria Cristina Roque Antunes Barreira
Resumo: No presente trabalho foi avaliada a equivalência entre as formas nativa e recombinante da lectina Artin M utilizando como ligante a peroxidase de raiz forte (HRP) por meio da técnica de microbalança a cristal de quartzo. Para tal foi preparado um biossensor por meio da imobilização da lectina, tanto nativa como recombinante, na superfície do cristal de quartzo piezelétrico. A imobilização das lectinas foi realizada por meio da construção de uma monocamada auto organizada utilizando dois alcanotióis, ácido 11-mercaptoundecanóico e o 2-mercaptoetanol. Para o acoplamento das proteínas foram utilizados N-etil-N- (dimetilaminopropil) carbodiimida (EDC) e N-hidoxisuccinimida (NHS) que formam com os grupamentos carboxílicos um intermediário reativo. Após a preparação do biossensor foi utilizado um sistema de injeção em fluxo acoplado à microbalança de cristal a quartzo para o estudo da interação lectina-glicoconjugado. Desta forma, as interações da Artin M nativa e recombinante com a glicoproteína peroxidase de raiz forte foram estudadas por meio da determinação das suas constantes de afinidade aparente e de associação cinética, sendo que foram encontrados os valores de constante de afinidade aparente (4,6 ± 0,9) x 103 e (2,6 ± 0,5) x 103 L mol -1 para as interações jArtinM-HRP e rArtinM-HRP, e os valores de constante cinética (7 ± 3) x 103 e (7 ± 2) x 103 L mol -1 para as interações jArtinM-HRP e rArtinM-HRP. Os valores das constantes de interação obtidos evidenciaram a equivalência entre ambas as formas da lectina Artin M. Neste trabalho também foi determinada a constante de associação cinética da interação entre a lectina Artin M recombinante e linhagens celulares de leucemia mielóide aguda humana (NB4, K562 e U937), no intuito de melhor entender a diferença na citotoxicidade observada da Artin M sobre estas células ... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: In the present work was evaluated the equivalence between the native and recombinant forms of Artin M using horseradish peroxidase as ligand by means the quartz crystal microbalance technique. In this way, a biosensor was prepared immobilizing the lectin, native and recombinant forms, on piezoelectric quartz crystal surface. Lectins immobilization was realized constructing self assembled monolayers using the alkanethiols 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and 2-mercaptoethanol. To the binding of proteins was used N-ethyl-N-(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), which form with carboxylic groups a reactive intermediary. After biosensor preparation was utilized a flow injection system coupled to quartz crystal microbalance to study the lectin-glycoconjugated interaction. Thus the native Artin M and recombinant Artin M interaction with horseradish peroxidase glycoprotein were studied by determining its apparent affinity constant and association kinetic constants. The values obtained to apparent affinity constant were (4,6 ± 0,9) x 103 e (2,6 ± 0,5) x 103 L mol -1 to jArtinM-HRP e rArtinM-HRP interactions, and the values obtained to association kinetic constant were (7 ± 3) x 103 e (7 ± 2) x 103 L mol -1 to jArtinM-HRP e rArtinM-HRP interactions. These constant values evidence the equivalence between native and recombinant forms of Artin M lectin. During this work were also determined the association kinetic constant of the interaction between recombinant Artin M and leukemic lineages from human acute myeloid leukemia (NB4, K562 and U937), with the purpose of a better understanding in the different cytotoxic effect of Artin M on these cells. In this way the values of association kinetic constant obtained was (0,3 ± 0,1) x 10-7 , (0,9 ± 0,1) x 10-7 e (2,7 ± 0,3) x 10-7 mL cel -1 to the interactions between Artin M and NB4, K562 and U937, respectively
Mestre

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Pesquero, Naira Canevarolo [UNESP]. "Estudo da equivalência entre a lectina artin M obtida a partir da semente da jaca e a sua forma recombinante na afinidade por glicanas." Universidade Estadual Paulista (UNESP), 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/87992.

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Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico (CNPq)
No presente trabalho foi avaliada a equivalência entre as formas nativa e recombinante da lectina Artin M utilizando como ligante a peroxidase de raiz forte (HRP) por meio da técnica de microbalança a cristal de quartzo. Para tal foi preparado um biossensor por meio da imobilização da lectina, tanto nativa como recombinante, na superfície do cristal de quartzo piezelétrico. A imobilização das lectinas foi realizada por meio da construção de uma monocamada auto organizada utilizando dois alcanotióis, ácido 11-mercaptoundecanóico e o 2-mercaptoetanol. Para o acoplamento das proteínas foram utilizados N-etil-N- (dimetilaminopropil) carbodiimida (EDC) e N-hidoxisuccinimida (NHS) que formam com os grupamentos carboxílicos um intermediário reativo. Após a preparação do biossensor foi utilizado um sistema de injeção em fluxo acoplado à microbalança de cristal a quartzo para o estudo da interação lectina-glicoconjugado. Desta forma, as interações da Artin M nativa e recombinante com a glicoproteína peroxidase de raiz forte foram estudadas por meio da determinação das suas constantes de afinidade aparente e de associação cinética, sendo que foram encontrados os valores de constante de afinidade aparente (4,6 ± 0,9) x 103 e (2,6 ± 0,5) x 103 L mol -1 para as interações jArtinM-HRP e rArtinM-HRP, e os valores de constante cinética (7 ± 3) x 103 e (7 ± 2) x 103 L mol -1 para as interações jArtinM-HRP e rArtinM-HRP. Os valores das constantes de interação obtidos evidenciaram a equivalência entre ambas as formas da lectina Artin M. Neste trabalho também foi determinada a constante de associação cinética da interação entre a lectina Artin M recombinante e linhagens celulares de leucemia mielóide aguda humana (NB4, K562 e U937), no intuito de melhor entender a diferença na citotoxicidade observada da Artin M sobre estas células...
In the present work was evaluated the equivalence between the native and recombinant forms of Artin M using horseradish peroxidase as ligand by means the quartz crystal microbalance technique. In this way, a biosensor was prepared immobilizing the lectin, native and recombinant forms, on piezoelectric quartz crystal surface. Lectins immobilization was realized constructing self assembled monolayers using the alkanethiols 11-mercaptoundecanoic acid and 2-mercaptoethanol. To the binding of proteins was used N-ethyl-N-(dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (EDC) and N-hydroxysuccinimide (NHS), which form with carboxylic groups a reactive intermediary. After biosensor preparation was utilized a flow injection system coupled to quartz crystal microbalance to study the lectin-glycoconjugated interaction. Thus the native Artin M and recombinant Artin M interaction with horseradish peroxidase glycoprotein were studied by determining its apparent affinity constant and association kinetic constants. The values obtained to apparent affinity constant were (4,6 ± 0,9) x 103 e (2,6 ± 0,5) x 103 L mol -1 to jArtinM-HRP e rArtinM-HRP interactions, and the values obtained to association kinetic constant were (7 ± 3) x 103 e (7 ± 2) x 103 L mol -1 to jArtinM-HRP e rArtinM-HRP interactions. These constant values evidence the equivalence between native and recombinant forms of Artin M lectin. During this work were also determined the association kinetic constant of the interaction between recombinant Artin M and leukemic lineages from human acute myeloid leukemia (NB4, K562 and U937), with the purpose of a better understanding in the different cytotoxic effect of Artin M on these cells. In this way the values of association kinetic constant obtained was (0,3 ± 0,1) x 10-7 , (0,9 ± 0,1) x 10-7 e (2,7 ± 0,3) x 10-7 mL cel -1 to the interactions between Artin M and NB4, K562 and U937, respectively

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Wünsch, Guilherme. "Do suporte fático ao suporte constitucional como fundamento para o desvelar biotecnológico das famílias contemporâneas: os contratos de co-parentalidade nas famílias design entre a estirpe tradicional e a façanha internética." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2017. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/6258.

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A presente Tese de Doutorado tem como tema o estudo da chamada famílias design como desveladora de uma chamada família biotecnológica que, hodiernamente, se situa entre a estirpe da tradição e uma façanha internética. Como objetivo geral da tese, busca-se reconstruir o sentido do instituto do contrato e da família no modelo repersonalizado brasileiro, com base em um novo sentido hermenêutico a determinadas categorias jurídicas, de modo que a nova leitura para o conceito de família esteja formulada a partir de uma proposição ontológica, que considere um desvelar existencial aos pilares do Direito Civil Constitucionalizado. A Tese de doutorado desenvolve-se a partir do método fenomenológico-hermenêutico, em que o sujeito (o pesquisador) está diretamente implicado, pois relacionado, com o objeto de estudo, o qual interage com ele e sofre as consequências dos seus resultados (suas descobertas e potencialidades). No primeiro capítulo de desenvolvimento da tese, busca-se compreender de que forma a pessoa e o patrimônio constituíram-se em pilares da estruturação do Direito Civil Clássico, até a sua transformação paradigmática notada a partir do giro repersonalizante da CRFB/88. Já no segundo capítulo de desenvolvimento, a tese concentra-se na releitura do Direito Civil e na forma como conseguirá responder aos desafios impostos pelos avanços biotecnológicos. No terceiro capítulo de desenvolvimento, a Tese propõe o debate das famílias biotecnológicas enquanto um modelo contratual ou um modelo familiar. Como resultado da pesquisa, tem-se que a noção jurídica de afetividade para o Direito das Famílias é permeada por um senso comum teórico dos juristas, já superada pela Metateoria do Direito Fraterno, de modo que os vínculos familiares devem ser tutelados pelo Direito Civil independentemente da presença da afetividade, como no caso da família biotecnológica, cujo suporte encontra-se na Constituição da República Federativa do Brasil de 1988, a qual exige a proteção à família, sem utilizar adjetivos como a afetividade. Seja a partir de um vínculo afetivo como se desenvolveu na doutrina civilista ou em um vínculo virtualizado, tecnológico, a família é um agrupamento que não comporta ser fechado em uma gaveta conceitual pelo Direito.
The present doctorate thesis focuses on the study of what it’s known as “families design" which is the unveil of what´s called biotechnological family,thatis currentlyplaced between the lineage of tradition and the feat of internet.As a general objective of the thesis, it’s sought to reconstruct the meaning of the institute of contract and family in the Brazilian renewed model, based on a new hermeneutical sense to certain legal categories, so that the new reading for the concept of family is formulated starting from an ontological proposition, which considers an existential disclosure to the pillars of a Constitutionalized Civil Law. The doctorate thesis is developedaccording toa phenomenological-hermeneutic method, in which the individual (the researcher) is directly implicated, therefore, the person is related to the object of study, which interacts, and suffers the consequences of its results (its discoveries and potentialities). In the development of the thesis’s first chapter, it is sought to comprehend on how did person and assetsbecame the pillars of the structuring of the Classical Brazilian Civil Law, until its paradigmatic transformation noticed from the repersonalizing turn of the Brazilian Constitution of 1988. In the second chapter, the focus is on re-reading the Civil Law and how it will be able to respond to the challenges posed by the biotechnological advances.In the third and final thesis’s chapter, it is proposed the debate of biotech families as a contractual model or a family model. As a result of the research, its found a juridical notion of affectivity for Family Law, in which is permeated by a common theoretical sense of the jurists, already surpassed by the meta-theory of Fraternal Law, so that family ties must be protected by Civil Law, independently of the presence of affectivity, as is the case of the biotechnological family, whose support is found in the Constitution of the Federative Republic of Brazil in 1988, which requires the protection of the family, without using adjectives such as affectivity. Whether from an affective bond as developed in civilian doctrine, or in a virtualized, technological bond, the family is a grouping that does not admit being sealed in a conceptual drawer by Law.

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Santos, Alexandra Souza dos. "Estudo comparativo entre a eficiência de co-transfecção e transfecção de vetores portadores do gene da glicoproteína do vírus rábico (GPV) em células de Drosophila melanogaster S2." Universidade de São Paulo, 2009. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-04082009-113900/.

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Dentre as vantagens do sistema de expressão gênica em células de drosófila observa-se ainda o estabelecimento rápido de linhagens estáveis de células que secretam de forma eficiente a proteína recombinante. Temos estabelecidas populações de células co-transfectadas S2AcGPV e transfectadas S2AcGPVHy. O objetivo deste trabalho é a comparação da expressão de GPV em células S2 co-transfectadas com os vetores pAcGPV (vetor de expressão) e o pCoHygro (vetor de seleção) ou transfectadas com um único vetor pAcGPVHygro (contendo o vetor de expressão e seleção). As populações obtidas foram analisadas em relação à expressão de GPV em imunoensaios: teste ELISA, Dot Blot, géis de SDS-PAGE, Western Blot, citometria de fluxo (FACS) e microscopia confocal. Os ensaios de imunofluorescência em citometria fluxo (FACS) realizados demonstraram que as células transfectadas e co-transfectadas estão expressando a proteína GPV. Valores entre 0,3 e 4 mg/107 células foram obtidos. Além disso, anticorpos anti-GPV foram capazes de reconhecer a proteína GPV .
Among the advantages of the system of gene expression in cells drosófila there is still the rapid establishment of stable cell lines that secrete efficiently the recombinant protein. We have established populations of cells co-transfected S2AcGPV and transfected S2AcGPVHy. The objective of this study is a comparison of the expression of GPV in S2 cells co-transfected with vector pAcGPV (vector of expression) and pCoHygro (vector of selection) or transfected with a single vector pAcGPVHygro (containing the vector of expression and selection gene). The populations were analyzed in relation to the expression of GPV in immunoassays: ELISA test, Dot Blot, the SDS-PAGE gels, Western Blot, flow cytometry (FACS) and confocal microscopy. Tests of immunofluorescence in flow cytometry (FACS) have shown that cells co-transfected and transfected are expressing the protein GPV. Values between 0.3 and 4 mg/107células were obtained. Moreover, anti-GPV were able to recognize the protein GPV.

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Azevedo, Aparecida Marildes de. "A relação entre o ambiente tecnológico e a motivação para formação de parcerias estratégicas na indústria de biotecnologia brasileira, segmento de saúde humana." Universidade Presbiteriana Mackenzie, 2010. http://tede.mackenzie.br/jspui/handle/tede/501.

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In the Twentieth First Century, the modern biotechnology is detached as a relevant set of techniques for modifying organisms through genetic engineering, being able to collaborate to the scientific knowledge advance and the production of new drugs, vaccines and medicines. The interorganizational partnership has been pointed out by several researchers as an effective mean of knowledge transfer and assessing complementary assets in the value chain. The objective in this study is to understand the perception of managers about the influence of the technological environment on the interorganizational partnerships adoption in the biotechnology industry in Brazil, in the human health segment. The methodology involved case studies with two biotechnology companies and a pharmaceutical company with a partnership in the biotechnology industry, all of them located in the city of Sao Paulo, with a minimum of four years of experience. The analysis was conducted in two levels: interorganizational partnerships (description and motivations) and technological environment (appropriability, cumulativeness, opportunity and knowledge basis). The conclusion was that the environment presents high levels of appropriability, cumulativeness, opportunity and complexity of the knowledge basis. When the dimensions of the technological environment are considered high, there is strong motivation for interorganizational partnerships, leading companies to specialize and join with other experts to complete the tasks. The finding in this study suggest there is a high cumulativeness in the biotechnological environment in Brazil, providing the improvement of competences and the ability of companies to maintain the continuity of future innovations to cope with a competitive environment. The relevance of this study is the possibility to collaborate with managers to deep their knowledge about the characteristics of competitive and complex environment in which the Brazilian biotech industry for human health is embedded and interorganizational partnership.
No século XXI, a biotecnologia moderna desponta como importante conjunto de técnicas de modificação de organismos vivos, por meio de engenharia genética, capaz de colaborar no avanço do conhecimento científico e na produção de novas drogas, medicamentos e vacinas. A parceria inter-organizacional tem sido apontado por vários pesquisadores como um meio eficaz de transferência do conhecimento e de acesso a ativos complementares na cadeia de valor. O objetivo geral desta pesquisa é compreender a percepção dos gestores sobre a influência do ambiente tecnológico na adoção de parcerias inter-organizacionais na indústria de biotecnologia brasileira, segmento saúde humana. A metodologia envolveu estudo de casos com duas empresas de biotecnologia e um laboratório farmacêutico com parceria na indústria de biotecnologia, todas da cidade de São Paulo, com no mínimo quatro anos de experiência. Foram utilizados dois níveis de análises: Parcerias inter-organizacionais (descrição e motivações) e ambiente tecnológico (apropriabilidade, cumulatividade, oportunidade e base do conhecimento). Concluiu-se que o ambiente apresenta alta apropriabilidade, alta cumulatividade, alta oportunidade e base do conhecimento complexa. Nos casos em que as dimensões do ambiente tecnológico foram consideradas altas, houve motivação para as parcerias inter-organizacionais, levando as empresas a se especializarem e a estabelecer alianças com outros especialistas para a finalização de tarefas. Destaca-se neste estudo, a existência de alta cumulatividade no ambiente biotecnológico brasileira, proporcionando aprimoramento de competências e da capacidade das empresas em manter a continuidade das inovações futuras com produtos inovadores para enfrentar um ambiente competitivo. A relevância deste estudo está na possibilidade de colaborar com os gestores na ampliação do conhecimento a respeito das características do ambiente competitivo e complexo em que está inserida a indústria de biotecnologia brasileira, segmento saúde humana e as parcerias inter-organizacionais.

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Biver, Emmanuel. "Interactions entre voies de régulation de la différenciation ostéoblastique des cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines : implications dans les pathologies osseuses." Thesis, Lille 2, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LIL2S027.

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De nombreux facteurs du microenvironnement osseux régulent la différenciationostéoblastique des cellules souches mésenchymateuses humaines (HMSCs). Les interactionsentre ces facteurs ont été analysées dans une perspective transversale appliquée aux maladiesosseuses. Nous avons étudié l'effet des voies de signalisation activées par les récepteurs auPDGF (platelet-derived growth factor) et au FGF (fibroblast growth factor), et par lesmembres Wnt, sur la réponse à la BMP2. L’inhibition des récepteurs au PDGF et au FGFpotentialise la différenciation ostéoblastique induite par la BMP2, en augmentant l’activitédes Smads. La voie MAPK JNK ainsi que la voie GSK3/ßcaténine régulent cette réponse auxBMPs. Les voies Wnt interfèrent également avec l'activité des récepteurs tyrosine kinase(RTK) et de GSK3. De plus, le FGF2 inhibe l’augmentation de l’expression des BMPs et deleurs récepteurs au cours de la différenciation ostéoblastique. L’effet ostéogénique des BMPsest ainsi fortement modulé par les RTK ou les récepteurs Wnt. Un deuxième niveaud’interaction, entre ostéoblastes et adipocytes, a été étudié : l’influence des adipokinessériques sur la densité minérale osseuse (DMO) et le risque de fractures, par une méta-analysedes données de la littérature. L'adiponectine est l’adipokine la plus pertinente, négativementassociée à la DMO, indépendamment du sexe et du statut ménopausique. Ces donnéessoulignent l’intérêt d'intégrer ces interactions entre voies de régulation lors de l'utilisation àdes fins thérapeutiques des HMSCs, des facteurs ostéogéniques et mitogéniques, enorthopédie ou dans le domaine de la bio-ingénierie squelettique
Many factors of bone microenvironment regulate osteoblast differentiation of humanmesenchymal stem cells (HMSCs). We investigated the crosstalks between pathwaysactivated by these factors in a translational perspective applied to the field of bone diseases.We tested the effect of signaling pathways activated by PDGF (platelet-derived growth factor)and FGF (fibroblast growth factor) receptors and Wnt members on the response to BMP2during osteoblastic differentiation. Inhibition of PDGF or FGF receptors enhances BMP2-induced osteoblastic differentiation, by increasing the Smad activity. The MAPK JNK and theGSK3/ßcatenine pathways regulate the response to BMPs. The Wnt pathways also interferewith the activity of receptors tyrosine kinase (RTK) and GSK3. In addition, FGF2 inhibits theincrease of the expression of BMPs and their receptors during osteoblast differentiation. Theosteogenic effect of BMPs is thus strongly modulated by RTK or Wnt receptors. A secondlevel of interaction between osteoblasts and adipocytes was analyzed: the influence of serumadipokines on bone mineral density (BMD) and fracture risk, in a meta-analysis of theliterature. Adiponectin is the most relevant adipokine, negatively associated with BMD,regardless of gender and menopausal status. These data underscore the importance ofintegrating the interactions between regulatory pathways in the use of HMSCs, mitogenic andosteogenic factors, for therapeutic purposes in orthopedics or in the field of skeletal bioengineering

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Ribeiro, Christiano Dornelles. "O princípio da participação social na gestão dos riscos da biotecnologia no Brasil: consolidação do estado democrático ambiental e diálogos entre sociedade civil organizada, sociedades científicas e governo na composição da CTNBIO." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2013. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3378.

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A presente dissertação de mestrado visa a identificar a inferência do princípio da participação na gestão dos riscos oriundos da manipulação e do uso de organismos vivos ou parte deles, para a produção de bens e serviços. Levará em consideração o conceito contemporâneo de risco, bem como a irreversibilidade dos efeitos na utilização de determinadas biotecnologias, para tratar de aspectos como o enquadramento constitucional pátrio do Direito Ambiental, em especial os princípios da precaução e da equidade inter-geracional. Ao percorrer esta trajetória, analisa-se a maneira por meio da qual o Direito poderia garantir a efetiva participação da sociedade civil na elaboração, no desenvolvimento e na deliberação sobre a biotecnologia, especialmente no âmbito do principal colegiado deliberativo sobre biotecnologia, a Comissão Técnica Nacional de Biossegurança - CTNBio. O presente trabalho também analisa os déficits de participação na formação do referido colegiado, à luz do Estado Democrático Ambiental, que elege a participação da sociedade civil nas políticas de biossegurança como princípio básico, identificando a prevalência do discurso cientificista boundary-maker, que influenciou determinantemente o texto da vigente lei de biossegurança, dividindo as cadeiras da Comissão a partir de três segmentos sociais identificados pelo legislador, a comunidade científica, o governamental e a sociedade civil, hierarquizados nessa sequência, em que se observa o papel menos significativo ao último segmento, cuja escolha foi relegada sem critérios rígidos ao setor governamental. Procura descortinar as contradições desse discurso prevalente transformado em lei que relegou à sociedade civil um papel secundário na tomada de decisões, isto em plena vigência da Constituição Democrática de 1988, estabelecendo problemas estruturais de difícil superação. Por fim, expõe-se o impacto da tentativa de regulamentar a escolha dos integrantes da sociedade civil por parte do setor governamental sobre o déficit de participação e de que forma ela contribui para distanciar a CTNBio do propósito de estabelecer a boa governança biotecnológica, responsiva à sociedade presente e futura, corolário do Estado Democrático Ambiental. A metodologia utilizada é qualitativa e exploratória, com análise bibliográfica e documental.
This dissertation aims to identify the inference of the principle of participation in the management of risks arising from the handling and use of living organisms or parts thereof, for the production of goods and services. It takes in account the modern concept of risk and irreversibility of effects on use of biotechnology to analyze issues such as the brazilian constitutional framework of environment rights, including the principles of them immanent, in particular the precautionary principle and intergenerational equity principle. Going thru this path, intend to analyze the manner by which the law could ensure the effective participation of civil society in the design, development and deliberation on biotechnology, especially within the main brazilian’s deliberation collegiate organ in biotechnology, the Commission National Technical Biosafety - CTNBio. This work also analyzes the deficits of society participation in that collegiate body, according to the paradigm of the Democratic Environmental State, which elects the participation of civil society in political biosecurity as a basic principle. Identify the prevalence of scientistic boundary-maker speech, who decisively influenced the text of the current biosafety law, dividing the chairs of Commission in three social segments identified at the law, the scientific community, the government and civil society, straight to this hierarchical sequence, in which the less significant role was given to the last social segment, whose choice was relegated to the government sector with no rigid criteria. Try to uncover the contradictions of this prevalent discourse tuned into law which relegated a secondary role to the civil society in decision-making, at full force of the brazilian Democratic Constitution of 1988, which also created structural problems hard to overcome. Exposes the impact of the attempt to regulate the choice of members of civil society by the government sector over the deficit of participation and how it contributes to distance ‘ from the purpose of establishing an responsive biotechnological governance, for her present and the future society, corollary of Democratic Environmental State. The methodology is qualitative and exploratory, with bibliographical and documental analysis.

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De, Laat Joseph. "Contribution à l'etude du mode d'élimination de molécules organiques modèles sur charbon actif en grains : intéractions entre les processus d'adsorption et de biodégradation." Poitiers, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988POIT2010.

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Potier, Serge. "Translocation reciproque entre sites chromosomiques choisis : remplacement du locus ura2 sauvage par des alleles deletes in vitro chez saccharomyces cerevisiae." Université Louis Pasteur (Strasbourg) (1971-2008), 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986STR13121.

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Etude fine du gene ura2 grace aux techniques d'integration chromosomique ou loeus ou remplacement genique et analyse de l'expression, la regulation du gene et du fonctionnement de l'enzyme bifonctionnel codee pae ce gene. Mise au point d'une methode permettant de faire des translocations reciproques stables entre 2 sites choisis

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Verger, Denis. "Etude cristallographique préliminaire de la région globulaire de C1q et d'un fragment de C3 du complément humain : structures cristallines de complexes entre la subtilisine de Bacillus lentus et des inhibiteurs de type acide boronique." Université Joseph Fourier (Grenoble), 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996GRE10097.

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C1q initie la voie classique du complement grace a sa region globulaire (gr). C3de correspond a la partie de c3b qui se fixe sur les cellules cibles. Nous avons cristallise ces proteines et enregistre un jeu de donnees a 3,2 a pour la gr, a 3,7 a pour c3de. Des problemes de reproductibilite et de taille des cristaux nous ont empeche de poursuivre l'etude. La subtilisine de bacillus lentus (savinase#t#m) est utilisee comme additif dans les detergents des lessives. Des inhibiteurs competitifs et reversibles (acides boroniques) sont ajoutes dans ces solutions pour eviter que la savinase#t#m ne degrade les autres enzymes presentes. Nous avons resolu la structure de 4 complexes a 2 a puis 1,7 a par remplacement moleculaire a partir d'une nouvelle forme cristalline. Les acides boroniques interagissent avec la proteine par une liaison covalente entre leur atome de bore et l'oxygene gamma de la serine active, et par des contacts hydrophobes entre leur groupement r et la poche de specificite s1. L'acide benzo furane 2 boronique (bf2ba) est l'inhibiteur le plus efficace parmi les 4 etudies. La reactivite entre le bore et la serine active depend de la nature du groupement r, du ph, de la concentration en inhibiteur. A partir du modele savinase#t#m/bf2ba, nous proposons des inhibiteurs potentiellement plus efficaces

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Esquivel-Sada, Daphne. "Un labo à soi : l’idéologie DIYbio de démocratie des biotechnologies et la conjonction entre facultés manuelles et autonomie." Thèse, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/20633.

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Mary, Sylviane. "La perception des OGM par les consommateurs : une étude comparative exploratoire entre la France, le Québec et le Canada anglophone." Mémoire, 2009. http://www.archipel.uqam.ca/2700/1/M11180.pdf.

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Les OGM sont au coeur de l'actualité, que ce soit en Europe ou en Amérique du Nord. S'il s'avérait que les promesses faites par les chercheurs partisans des OGM se concrétisent, le monde assisterait alors à une avancée considérable dans le domaine de la science. Alors pourquoi le public n'est-il pas plus enthousiaste? Tout simplement et principalement parce qu'il n'existe pas de consensus scientifique en la matière: alors que certains clament l'innocuité des OGM, d'autres au contraire, affirment qu'ils sont dangereux pour l'Homme. En outre, les OGM sont une technologie trop récente pour savoir avec certitudes quelles seront leurs conséquences à long terme. C'est dans ce brouillard que le consommateur doit alors se faire sa propre opinion. L'objectif principal de cette étude exploratoire est d'analyser la perception globale que les consommateurs se font des OGM : sont-ils plutôt pour ou plutôt contre? Les acceptent-ils (ou les rejettent-ils) en bloc, ou font-ils le distinguo entre les diverses applications (alimentaires, agricoles, environnementales, sanitaires, etc.) ? Se sentent-ils assez informés en la matière? Et surtout: sont-ils disposés à en consommer? Voici quelques questions auxquelles cette recherche tentera d'apporter une réponse. Le caractère comparatif de l'étude comparative a pour intérêt premier d'étudier s'il existe une différence de perception entre les Français et les Canadiens (Anglophones et Francophones). L'intuition pousserait à penser que oui, étant donné qu'il existe des différences notables entre les deux pays, notamment liées à la culture. Dans le cadre de cette recherche, la méthode quantitative la plus usitée a été retenue: le questionnaire. Ainsi, un questionnaire a été distribué à des consommateurs français, québécois et canadiens (anglophones) au cours des mois de février et mars 2008. Les villes ciblées étaient les grandes métropoles de chaque région qui abritaient également un bassin d'entreprises biotechnologiques important, à savoir Paris, Montréal et Toronto. Un peu plus de 300 questionnaires dûment complétés ont été recueillis. Les principaux résultats recueillis sont que les Canadiens (anglophones et francophones) ont une vision plus positive des OGM que les Français. Ils seraient également plus enclins à acheter des produits transgéniques. Toutefois, les trois échantillons étudiés se rejoignent sur un point: ils ne se considèrent pas assez informés au sujet des OGM et de tout le secteur des biotechnologies dont ces derniers font partie. Enfin, la conclusion de cette étude fort passionnante propose des recommandations dans le but de donner des pistes pour faire mieux accepter les OGM en milieu a priori hostile. ______________________________________________________________________________ MOTS-CLÉS DE L’AUTEUR : Organismes génétiquement modifiés (OGM), Biotechnologies, Consommateurs, Perception, Opinion publique.

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Tavangarrizi, Mojgan. "Analyse de la problématique des arguments moraux entre le transhumanisme et l'humanisme au sujet de l'amélioration humaine par la convergence des NBIC (nanotechnologies, biotechnologies, technologies de l'information et sciences cognitives)." Thèse, 2011. http://constellation.uqac.ca/2553/1/030285766.pdf.

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L'amélioration humaine par la convergence des nanotechnologies, des biotechnologies, des technologies de l'information et des sciences cognitives (convergence NBIC) constitue un sujet controversé dans le débat international entre l'humanisme et le transhumanisme. Les arguments moraux utilisés par des transhumanistes et par des humanistes s'affrontent et se contredisent de telle façon qu'ils mènent à la controverse sur la question de l'acceptabilité éthique et sociale. L'objectif de ce mémoire est d'analyser les arguments moraux utilisés par les transhumanistes et humanistes à traiter à partir des quatre questions suivantes qui constituent la structure d'une argumentation en éthique: 1) Qu'est-ce que l'amélioration humaine? Est-elle incorporée, interne ou externe, à l'humain?; 2) Quelles conséquences positives ou négatives sont attribuées aux améliorations?; 3) Quelles évaluations fait-on de ces conséquences?; 4) Quel est le rôle des représentations humaines dans le fondement du jugement de valeur? La première question permet de clarifier la notion d'amélioration humaine, la deuxième question permet d'analyser les conséquences positives et les conséquences négatives qui sont attribuées aux améliorations, la troisième question examinera les évaluations qui sont faites de ces conséquences en fonction de certains jugements de valeur ou de normes morales, la quatrième question observera le rôle des représentations de l'humain dans le fondement du jugement de valeur ou de la norme morale. La méthodologie de ce mémoire consiste à une analyse documentaire et comparative des convergences et des divergences entre les deux auteurs les plus représentatifs du transhumanisme et de l'humanisme en débat. L'analyse à partir des quatre questions porte d'abord sur les arguments des transhumanistes Naam et Kurzweil et ensuite sur les arguments des humanistes Fukuyama et Besnier.

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LAZARO, Christophe. "La fabrication juridique d'un corps hybride : regard pragmatique sur les rapports entre droit et technologies prothétiques." Doctoral thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1814/25203.

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Examining Board: Professor Giovanni Sartor, Institut Universitaire Européen (directeur de thèse); Professor Serge Gutwirth, Vrije Universiteit Brussel (codirecteur de thèse); Professor Yves Poullet, Université de Namur; Professor Loïc Azoulai, Institut Universitaire Européen.
Defence date: 12 December 2012
PDF of thesis uploaded from the Library digital archive of EUI PhD theses
Grâce au développement de technologies de plus en plus complexes susceptibles de s’immiscer dans l’organisme, corps et artéfacts semblent en passe de connaître un degré d’hybridation jamais atteint jusqu’alors. Certaines technologies prothétiques émergentes - comme les bio-implants ou les puces électroniques - sont incontestablement de nature à bouleverser nos représentations du corps humain, si ce n’est notre nature anthropologique elle-même. A ce titre, ces technologies sont à la source de nombreuses inquiétudes et nourrissent, dans le champ juridique et éthique, un très vif débat qui se situe principalement sur le versant politique de la réglementation et de la gouvernance. L’objectif de la présente étude est d’élargir le champ de l’investigation consacrée aux rapports entre droit et nouvelles technologies en portant l’attention sur la pratique juridictionnelle, afin de mettre en évidence les problèmes posés par l’hybridation à partir de litiges auxquels les cours et tribunaux ont déjà été confrontés. Ceux-ci étant souvent en première ligne lorsqu’une technologie inédite affecte l’une ou l’autre sphère d’activité humaine, il est alors possible d’observer comment le droit s’adapte au changement technologique. A partir de trois cas d’étude distincts, relevant du droit travail, du droit antidiscriminatoire et du droit du sport, nous montrons d’une part comment les juges résorbent les tensions résultant d’une pluralité des manières de saisir l’hybridation entre homme et artéfacts dans le chef des protagonistes du litige. D’autre part, ous mettons l’accent sur les dispositifs et moyens - qu’ils soient externes au droit (les axinomies, les mesures, les statistiques de la biomédecine) ou internes (les standards, les atégories, les critères) - qu’utilisent les protagonistes d’un litige, et en particulier le juge, orsqu’ils sont confrontés à l’irruption d’entités problématiques, comme l’est le corps hybride, ans des situations litigieuses. Cette approche pragmatique permet de faire apparaître la ingularité du travail réalisé par les juges pour concilier l’émancipation de la personne par la echnique et son intégration et sa participation à un ordre commun.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Encre – Biotechnologie'

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