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Academic literature on the topic 'Encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale – Recherche'
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale – Recherche"
Pouchy, Charlotte. "Étude et modulation de l’homéostasie et de la fonction des lymphocytes T régulateurs dans le modèle murin de l’encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale." Thesis, Paris 6, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA066764.
Full textRegulatory T cells CD4+ Foxp3+, guardians of homeostasis, contribute to the maintenance of immune tolerance. Their expansion and function stimulation is tightly regulated by a set of complex mechanisms dependent of the tissue environment. My thesis work has highlighted the critical role of TNF receptor type 2 (TNFR2) in the control of the central nervous system inflammation by regulatory T cells (Treg). In the murine model of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, we showed that the anti-TNF treatment at the first clinical signs of disease worsen the symptoms and is associated with a decrease percentage of regulatory T cells in the target tissue. The generation of a mouse model of specific deficiency has allowed us to prove that TNFR2 is necessary for the accumulation and function of Treg cells in the central nervous system for disease control. These results could explain the failure of anti-TNF treatment in multiple sclerosis and open the perceptive therapies using agonists TNFR2. In a second study, we have revealed the potential of tolerogenic vaccine adjuvants. Administered subcutaneously or intramuscularly, the new generation adjuvant causes the activation and proliferation of regulatory T cells. In addition, certain adjuvants confer complete protection against the development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Our data reveal that this prevention may be due to a new Treg suppression mechanism through alteration of the migration capacity of pathogenic effector T lymphocytes. This work initiate the use of pro-Treg adjuvants in the design of immunization against autoimmune diseases
Charrier-Dolbois, Laurence. "Etude génétique de l'encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale chez le rat." Toulouse 3, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996TOU30101.
Full textTouil, Tarik. "Etude du role du peroxynitrite dans la souffrance axonale au cours de l'encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale du rat." Bordeaux 2, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003BOR21022.
Full textNeuropathologic and MRI data suggest that the permanent deficit in multiple sclerosis (MS) is the consequence of diffuse axonal loss, which could be the remote consequence of acute axonal damage within inflammatory lesions. The juxtaposition of axonal damage and macrophages emphasises the role of factors produced by these cells in axonal damage. We provide new evidence that among these factors peroxynitrite (pox) is implicated in the lesion formation of MS and EAE by demonstrating : 1) the early production of anti-SNO-cysteine antibodies in EAE ; 2) a correlation between pox production and axonal lesions in relapsing EAE ; 3) an induction of primitive axonopathy by pox in absence of inflammatory components ; 4) an inhibition of inflammation, axono-myelinic lesion and clinical aspects in relapsing EAE by uric acid treatment, a specific pox scavenger. Our data shed new light on the role of pox in axonal lesion ans clinical deficits in relapsing EAE that may help understanding of MS aspects
Garidou, Lucile. "Effet du 17B-oestradiol sur la réponse T CD4 et l'inflammation : implication dans la physiopathologie de l'encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30070.
Full textZidi, Mouna. "Recherche sur la sclérose en plaques : étude de l'efficacité de la pentoxifylline dans l'encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale." Bordeaux 2, 1996. http://www.theses.fr/1996BOR2P019.
Full textSchmitt, Charlotte. "Rôle du système plexus choroïde-liquide céphalorachidien dans la distribution des cellules immunes au sein du système nerveux central, exemple de l’encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012LYO10003.
Full textThe central nervous system is an immunologically specialized site, because of the blood-brain barrier and the blood-cerebrospinal fluid barrier. The choroid plexuses had been considered as a preferential site for the entry of lymphocytes into the CNS. And the cerebrospinal fluid has been considered as a preferential pathway of circulation for immune cells during physiological neuroimmune surveillance, in all cerebral compartments, as the cerebrospinal fluid circulates from the ventricles to the subarachnoid spaces as well as the velum and internal cisterns. We evaluate the involvement of the choroid plexus-cerebrospinal fluid system in the cerebral infiltration and distribution of immune cells in CNS inflammation. First we realized a time course analysis of the different type of immune cell association with the CSF-containing compartments in two experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis, models of multiple sclerosis. Secondly, we analyzed the molecular partners that could be involved in CNS inflammation development, such as adhesion molecules expressed on the choroid plexus, and chemokines secreted into the cerebrospinal fluid. Results identified the choroid plexuses as a source of chemokines, released into the cerebrospinal fluid that orchestrates the immune cell invasion during CNS inflammation
Saxena, Amit. "Study of T cell pathogenicity in central nervous system autoimmunity." Toulouse 3, 2010. http://thesesups.ups-tlse.fr/968/.
Full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is a complex demyelinating disease associated with chronic inflammation of the central nervous system (CNS), axonal loss, and brain atrophy. The CD4+ and CD8+ T cells that are present in the demyelinating lesions are considered to mediate demyelination and axonal damage. An autoimmune process likely contributes to CNS tissue damage in MS, although direct evidence for this is still lacking. A major focus of my work is to understand the mechanisms by which autoreactive T cells contribute to CNS tissue damage. Although CD8+ T cells mediate effector functions through production of cytokines or by direct cytotoxicity, the mechanisms by which they can cause CNS tissue damage are elusive. In order to assess whether CNS-infiltrating CD8+ T cells could directly induce oligodendrocyte death and demyelination, we developed an original mouse model combining selective expression of influenza hemagglutinin (HA) as a neo-self-Ag in oligodendrocytes with transgenic mice expressing a HA-specific TcR on CD8+ T cells. We demonstrate directly the potential of CD8+ T cells to induce oligodendrocyte death in-vivo, as a likely consequence of direct antigen-recognition. Untill recently, CD4+ T helper cells have been held responsible for MS immunopathogenesis, partly because certain MHC class II alleles clearly predispose for developing MS. We investigated the pathogenic traits of the CD4+ T cell response targeting the immunodominant epitope of myelin oligodendrocyte protein (MOG). To this end we obtained 2D2 TcR-transgenic C57BL/6 mice, which harbor a large population of MOG-specific CD4+ T cells and spontaneously develop optic neuritis and at a lower prevalence, EAE. Strikingly when we crossed these 2D2 mice with MOG-deficient mice (MOG-/-), we discovered that the 2D2 TcR-transgenic mice developed spontaneous EAE regardless of the presence or absence of the target self-antigen MOG. Therefore we hypothesized, that the 2D2 TcR specific for MOG35-55 recognizes a second CNS antigen. Furthermore, we were able to reveal, that MOG35-55 peptide shares sequence homology with a stretch of neurofilament-medium (NF-M), a cytoskeletal protein expressed in neurons and axons. .
Schmitt, Charlotte. "Rôle du système plexus choroïde-liquide céphalorachidien dans la distribution des cellules immunes au sein du système nerveux central, exemple de l'encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale." Phd thesis, Université Claude Bernard - Lyon I, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00664941.
Full textGuillot, Flora. "Caractérisation de l'infiltrat lymphocytaire et de la réactivité astrocytaire dans un modèle de neuroinflammation autoimmune." Nantes, 2014. https://archive.bu.univ-nantes.fr/pollux/show/show?id=eba4b03e-07fe-4198-a88d-16cbb5f7f5eb.
Full textMultiple sclerosis (MS) is an autoimmune, demyelinating and degenerative disease of the central nervous system (CNS), in which astrocyte reactivity is considered an important player. The CD4 T cell response is strongly associated with development of MS and its animal models such as experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE). Recent data suggest that anti-myelin CD8 T cells may be also implicated as CD8 T cells are abundant in MS lesions. To better understand the contribution of pathogenic CD8 T cells, two animal models that have been described were evaluated. The first one consists of mice immunized with a specific CD8 T cell myelin epitope (MOG37-46). Mice develop mild EAE with CD4 T overwhelming CD8 T cells in CNS. Boosting the CD8 immune response increased slightly the CD8/CD4 ratio in the CNS. The second model is based on the adoptive transfer of anti-HemAgglutinin (HA) CD8 T cells in DKI transgenic mice, which express HA by oligodendrocytes. Only irradiation (2Gy) of DKI mice allowed CNS infiltration of CD8 T cells but without apparent clinical signs. These results are discussed in light of recent literature. In parallel, we characterized the astrocyte reactivity in a classical EAE to better define the implication of astrocytes in the pathology. For this, we used for the first time in this model laser-capture microdissection to isolate white matter astrocytes in spinal cord lesion. Selected transcript profiling analysis revealed astrocytic expression of pro-inflammatory mediators and enzymes involved in oestrogen metabolism. These results give new clues for targeting glial reactivity in neuroinflammatory disorders such as MS
Girard, Maëva. "TSSP, une protéase limitant l’apprêtement de certains antigènes du soi : étude des mécanismes impliqués et de leurs impacts sur le développement de l’encéphalomyélite auto-immune expérimentale." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30204.
Full textTSSP (Thymus Specific Serine Protease) is a protease expressed predominantly in the thymus by thymic epithelial cortical cells (cTEC) and thymic dendritic cells (tDC). In contrast, TSSP is not expressed by dendritic cells (DC) in the periphery even after activation by TLR agonists (Toll-like Receptor). Previous studies showed that TSSP-deficient NOD mice are completely resistant to the development of type 1 diabetes (TD1) whereas NOD WT mice spontaneously develop pathology. The absence of T1D is due to an increase in the negative selection, by tDC, of CD4 T cells specific for certain antigens of the islets of Langerhans. Thus, TSSP deficiency leads to the crippling of the autoreactive CD4 T cells repertoire by negative selection in the thymus limiting the development of T1D. Although the precise function of TSSP remains unknown, these data and complementary data show that TSSP in tDC limits the presentation of certain islet antigens in the class II pathway. At first, the aim of my PhD work was to determine if the role of TSSP can be generalized to another autoimmune disease also mediated by CD4 T cells, experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE), a mouse model of multiple sclerosis. We have shown that the severity of EAE induced by immunization with MOG35-55 (Myelin Oligodendrocyte Glycoprotein) peptide is reduced in NOD TSSP° mice. Reduced disease severity is linked to increased deletion of MOG35-55 specific CD4 T cells in TSSP-deficient NOD mice. TSSP would limit the thymic deletion of MOG35-55 specific CD4 T cells. Thus, by reducing the peptide repertoire presented by the IAg7 molecules, TSSP would limit central tolerance and favor the development of autoimmune diseases. In continuation, the second objective of my thesis work was to clarify the function of TSSP in tDC. Given the suspected role of TSSP in the class II pathway we analyzed the internalization and degradation capabilities of tDCs by flow imaging. We have shown that TSSP specifically limits the internalization of ovalbumin protein in conventional dendritic cells 2 (cDC2) and in a DC line but does not affect the degradation of endocytosed OVA. The reduction of antigens internalization in the tDC of NOD WT mice is independent of receptor-mediated endocytosis. These data suggest that, by reducing internalization of antigens, TSSP could limit the formation of peptide/MHC II complexes and antigenic presentation in the class II pathway. By this mechanism, TSSP induces a defect of central tolerance and promotes the development of autoimmune diseases