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Journal articles on the topic 'Encapsulation technology'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 9 March 2023

Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Jeon, Yongmin, Hyeongjun Lee, Hyeunwoo Kim, and Jeong-Hyun Kwon. "A Review of Various Attempts on Multi-Functional Encapsulation Technologies for the Reliability of OLEDs." Micromachines 13, no. 9 (September 6, 2022): 1478. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13091478.

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As the demand for flexible organic light-emitting diodes (OLEDs) grows beyond that for rigid OLEDs, various elements of OLEDs, such as thin-film transistors, electrodes, thin-film encapsulations (TFEs), and touch screen panels, have been developed to overcome OLEDs’ physical and chemical limitations through material and structural design. In particular, TFEs, which protect OLEDs from the external environment, including reactive gases, heat, sunlight, dust, and particles, have technical difficulties to be solved. This review covers various encapsulation technologies that have been developed with the advent of atomic layer deposition (ALD) technology for highly reliable OLEDs, in which solutions to existing technical difficulties in flexible encapsulations are proposed. However, as the conventional encapsulation technologies did not show technological differentiation because researchers have focused only on improving their barrier performance by increasing their thickness and the number of pairs, OLEDs are inevitably vulnerable to environmental degradation induced by ultraviolet (UV) light, heat, and barrier film corrosion. Therefore, research on multi-functional encapsulation technology customized for display applications has been conducted. Many research groups have created functional TFEs by applying nanolaminates, optical Bragg mirrors, and interfacial engineering between layers. As transparent, wearable, and stretchable OLEDs will be actively commercialized beyond flexible OLEDs in the future, customized encapsulation considering the characteristics of the display will be a key technology that guarantees the reliability of the display and accelerates the realization of advanced displays.

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2

Sun, Qijuan, Chengbo Li, Xiaona Xu, Haitao Zhao, and Chenguang Liu. "Novel application of agarose in cultivating microorganisms in the stomach and rapid drug susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori." Materials Express 11, no. 6 (June 1, 2021): 880–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1166/mex.2021.1995.

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Agarose is a promising tool for encapsulating areas as a kind of neutral polysaccharide. The purpose of this work is to expand the application of agarose. In this work, agarose microparticles for encapsulating microorganisms were introduced to the stomach through a novel water-in-water (w/w) emulsification method. Sequencing techniques were performed for the identification and characterization of bacteria, and drug-susceptibility testing of Helicobacter pylori through gel microdroplets growth assay and traditional Oxford cup method was conducted. Results indicated the presence of three phyla, eight genera, and more than 30 species in the samples. The correlation values of the traditional Oxford cup and GMD methods were 87.5% and 90%, respectively. The proposed encapsulation technology as efficient substitution for traditional Oxford cup method promised to be applicable for the isolation and cultivation of gastric flora. Compared to other methods, this new method showed advantages when mainly due to time simplicity of the whole process. The direct drug susceptibility test based on the novel encapsulation technology is a promising tool for the rational and flexible use of drugs in clinical practice. Furthermore, this work was an early exploration for the combination of encapsulation technology and agarose.

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3

Uludag, Hasan, Paul De Vos, and Patrick A. Tresco. "Technology of mammalian cell encapsulation." Advanced Drug Delivery Reviews 42, no. 1-2 (August 2000): 29–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-409x(00)00053-3.

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4

Davis, S. S. "Cell encapsulation technology and therapeutics." Journal of Controlled Release 75, no. 1-2 (July 2001): 226–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0168-3659(01)00383-2.

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5

Cheng, Yu, Huayi Hu, Zhihong Gao, Ke Zhou, Xiaona Wang, Shihong Xiang, and Xiaohui Chen. "Thin film silicon solar module encapsulation technology research." MRS Proceedings 1771 (2015): 87–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2015.489.

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ABSTRACTThe encapsulation failure is a serious problem which leads to power degradation and life time reduction of silicon based thin film solar module. Therefore, the encapsulation material and related technology research and development become more and more important. This article describes some different junction box and middle foil encapsulation technology of the silicon based thin film solar module, different encapsulation materials and processes are compared and their impact on the manufacturing cost and module performance are discussed. The aim of this study is to find an appropriate solution of module encapsulation failure.

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Winkler, Sebastian, Jan Edelmann, Christine Welsch, and Roman Ruff. "Different encapsulation strategies for implanted electronics." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 3, no. 2 (September 7, 2017): 725–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2017-0153.

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AbstractRecent advancements in implant technology include increasing application of electronic systems in the human body. Hermetic encapsulation of electronic components is necessary, specific implant functions and body environments must be considered. Additional functions such as wireless communication systems require specialized technical solutions for the encapsulation.In this paper 3 different implant strategies based on the material groups silicone, ceramics and titanium alloys are evaluated. With the background of a specific application the requirements for the encapsulation are defined and include the implementation of electrical feedthroughs, wireless communication and wireless energy transfer as well as biomedical specifications such as hermetic sealing, mechanical stability and biocompatibility. The encapsulations are manufactured and qualified experimentally.

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7

Liang Ning, 梁宁, and 李军建 Li Junjian. "Progress of Encapsulation Technology for OLED." Laser & Optoelectronics Progress 48, no. 9 (2011): 092302. http://dx.doi.org/10.3788/lop48.092302.

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8

Mandal, Surajit, and Subrota Hati. "Diversification of Probiotics through Encapsulation Technology." International Journal of Fermented Foods 5, no. 1 (2016): 53. http://dx.doi.org/10.5958/2321-712x.2016.00007.7.

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9

Lević, Steva, Ana Kalušević, Verica Đorđević, Branko Bugarski, and Viktor Nedović. "Modern encapsulation processes in food technology." Hrana i ishrana 55, no. 2 (2014): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.5937/hraish1401007l.

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10

Desai, Tejal A. "Microfabrication technology for pancreatic cell encapsulation." Expert Opinion on Biological Therapy 2, no. 6 (August 2002): 633–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1517/14712598.2.6.633.

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11

Mohajeri, Mohammad, Mahnaz Eskandari, Zahra Sadat Ghazali, and Hanieh Sadat Ghazali. "Cell encapsulation in alginate-based microgels using droplet microfluidics; a review on gelation methods and applications." Biomedical Physics & Engineering Express 8, no. 2 (February 10, 2022): 022001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2057-1976/ac4e2d.

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Abstract Cell encapsulation within the microspheres using a semi-permeable polymer allows the two-way transfer of molecules such as oxygen, nutrients, and growth factors. The main advantages of cell encapsulation technology include controlling the problems involved in transplanting rejection in tissue engineering applications and reducing the long-term need for immunosuppressive drugs following organ transplantation to eliminate the side effects. Cell-laden microgels can also be used in 3D cell cultures, wound healing, and cancerous clusters for drug testing. Since cell encapsulation is used for different purposes, several techniques have been developed to encapsulate cells. Droplet-based microfluidics is one of the most valuable techniques in cell encapsulating. This study aimed to review the geometries and the mechanisms proposed in microfluidic systems to precisely control cell-laden microgels production with different biopolymers. We also focused on alginate gelation techniques due to their essential role in cell encapsulation applications. Finally, some applications of these microgels and researches will be explored.

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12

Busto, María D., Yaiza González-Temiño, Silvia M. Albillos, Sonia Ramos-Gómez, María C. Pilar-Izquierdo, David Palacios, and Natividad Ortega. "Microencapsulation of a Commercial Food-Grade Protease by Spray Drying in Cross-Linked Chitosan Particles." Foods 11, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 2077. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11142077.

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In this study, the use of spray-drying technology for encapsulating Flavourzyme® (protease–peptidase complex) was evaluated to overcome the limitations (low encapsulation efficiency and no large-scale production) of other encapsulation processes. To the best of our knowledge, spray drying has not been applied previously for the immobilization of this enzyme. Firstly, bovine serum albumin (BSA), as a model protein, was encapsulated by spray drying in chitosan and tripolyphoshate (TPP) cross-linked-chitosan shell matrices. The results showed that the chitosan–TPP microcapsules provided a high encapsulation efficiency and better protein stability compared to the non-crosslinked chitosan microcapsules. The effect of enzyme concentration and drying temperature were tested during the spray drying of Flavourzyme®. In this regard, an activity yield of 88.0% and encapsulation efficiency of 78.6% were obtained with a concentration of 0.1% (v/v) and an inlet temperature of 130 °C. Flavourzyme®-loaded chitosan microcapsules were also characterized in terms of their size and morphology using scanning electron microscopy and laser diffractometry.

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13

Guerrero, Rodel, Paul W. S. Heng, and Terence P. Tumolva. "Preparation of Crosslinked Alginate-Cellulose Derivative Microparticles for Protein Delivery." Key Engineering Materials 931 (September 9, 2022): 69–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/p-o7266l.

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Microparticle protein delivery system using alginate and cellulose derivative (HPC, HEC and CMC) composite system was prepared using external gelation with vibration technology. Bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a model protein was encapsulated using these biodegradable materials. This preparation showed an increase in encapsulation efficiency in comparison to the samples where pure alginate was used as the encapsulating material. Compared with the other microparticles, the 50:50 alginate/HEC samples exhibited significant encapsulation efficiency. Consequently, its release rate in the acidic medium was comparatively substantial and higher cumulative release in the simulated intestinal fluid (SIF) medium at the end of the dissolution study was observed to be high at around 86.17%.

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14

Zhu, Guang Yong, Zuo Bing Xiao, Ru Jun Zhou, and Feng Ping Yi. "Fragrance and Flavor Microencapsulation Technology." Advanced Materials Research 535-537 (June 2012): 440–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.535-537.440.

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Fragrance and flavor are valuable ingredients in toiletries, cosmetics and foods. They play a very important role in these products. However, fragrances and flavors are complex mixtures of comparatively volatile substances and labile components of which the sensory perception can be changed as a result of heating, oxidation, chemical interactions or volatilization. Microencapsulation technology is an effective method to minimize the harm of these problems. Encapsulation of fragrances or flavors has been attempted using various methods. In this paper, the chemical and engineering processes for encapsulation of fragrance and flavor are discussed. The different coating materials and their application are depicted.

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15

Bai, De, Fan Hu, Huixian Xu, Jiahong Huang, Chengyu Wu, Jiaheng Zhang, and Rui Ye. "High Stability and Low Irritation of Retinol Propionate and Hydroxypinacolone Retinoate Supramolecular Nanoparticles with Effective Anti-Wrinkle Efficacy." Pharmaceutics 15, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 731. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pharmaceutics15030731.

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Gravi-A nanoparticles, composed of retinyl propionate (RP) and hydroxypinacolone retinoate (HPR), were prepared by encapsulating the two using the high-pressure homogenization technique. The nanoparticles are effective in anti-wrinkle treatment with high stability and low irritation. We evaluated the effect of different process parameters on nanoparticle preparation. Supramolecular technology effectively produced nanoparticles with spherical shapes with an average size of 101.1 nm. The encapsulation efficiency was in the 97.98–98.35% range. The system showed a sustained release profile for reducing the irritation caused by Gravi-A nanoparticles. Furthermore, applying lipid nanoparticle encapsulation technology improved the transdermal efficiency of the nanoparticles, thereby allowing these to penetrate deep into the dermis layer to achieve precise and sustained release of active ingredients. Gravi-A nanoparticles can be extensively and conveniently used in cosmetics and other related formulations by direct application.

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16

Sakamoto, Y., T. Mashiko, A. Suzuki, H. Kawata, and A. Iwasaki. "DEVELOPMENT OF ENCAPSULATION TECHNOLOGY FOR SYNTHETIC SEEDS." Acta Horticulturae, no. 319 (October 1992): 71–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.17660/actahortic.1992.319.5.

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17

Mozafari, M. Reza, Kianoush Khosravi-Darani, G. Gokce Borazan, Jian Cui, Abbas Pardakhty, and Seyhun Yurdugul. "Encapsulation of Food Ingredients Using Nanoliposome Technology." International Journal of Food Properties 11, no. 4 (November 17, 2008): 833–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10942910701648115.

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18

Ao, Wei, Chunhong Li, Yan Wang, Xiangchao Liu, Xiaogang Xin, Feng Gao, Chaochi Peng, and Jianhua Zhang. "P-13.2: AMOLED Encapsulation Technology and Prospect." SID Symposium Digest of Technical Papers 49 (April 2018): 734–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/sdtp.12829.

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19

Zhuravlev, R. A., M. Yu Tamova, N. A. Bugayets, V. M. Poznyakovskiy, and N. D. Penov. "INNOVATIVE ENCAPSULATION TECHNOLOGY OF FOOD SYSTEMS USING A BY-PRODUCT OF DAIRY PRODUCTION." Foods and Raw materials 5, no. 1 (June 29, 2017): 81–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.21179/2308-4057-2017-1-81-89.

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20

Gonçalves, Antónia, Fernando Rocha, and Berta N. Estevinho. "Application of Ethyl Cellulose and Ethyl Cellulose + Polyethylene Glycol for the Development of Polymer-Based Formulations using Spray-Drying Technology for Retinoic Acid Encapsulation." Foods 11, no. 16 (August 22, 2022): 2533. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11162533.

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Ethyl cellulose (EC)-based microparticles, with and without the incorporation of polyethylene glycol (PEG) as a second encapsulating agent, were prepared using the spray-drying process for the encapsulation of retinoic acid (RA). The production of a suitable controlled delivery system for this retinoid will promote its antitumor efficiency against acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) due to the possibility of increasing the bioavailability of RA. Product yield ranged from 12 to 28% in all the microparticle formulations, including unloaded microparticles and RA-loaded microparticles. Microparticles with a mean diameter between 0.090 ± 0.002 and 0.54 ± 0.02 µm (number size distribution) and with an irregular form and rough surface were obtained. Furthermore, regarding RA-loaded microparticles, both polymer-based formulations exhibited an encapsulation efficiency of around 100%. A rapid and complete RA release was reached in 40 min from EC− and EC + PEG-based microparticles.

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21

Prieto, Cristina, and Jose M. Lagaron. "Nanodroplets of Docosahexaenoic Acid-Enriched Algae Oil Encapsulated within Microparticles of Hydrocolloids by Emulsion Electrospraying Assisted by Pressurized Gas." Nanomaterials 10, no. 2 (February 6, 2020): 270. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano10020270.

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Long chain polyunsaturated omega-3 fatty acids (PUFAs), namely eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA), are important functional ingredients due to their well-documented health benefits, but highly susceptible to oxidation. One of the most promising approaches to preserve bioactives is their encapsulation within protective matrices. In this paper, an innovative high throughput encapsulation technique termed as emulsion electrospraying assisted by pressurized gas (EAPG) was used to encapsulate at room temperature nanodroplets of algae oil into two food hydrocolloids, whey protein concentrate and maltodextrin. Spherical encapsulating particles with sizes around 5 µm were obtained, where the oil was homogeneously distributed in nanometric cavities with sizes below 300 nm. Peroxide values under 5 meq/kg, demonstrated that the oil did not suffer from oxidation during the encapsulation process carried out at room temperature. An accelerated stability assay against oxidation under strong UV light was performed to check the protective capacity of the different encapsulating materials. While particles made from whey protein concentrate showed good oxidative stability, particles made from maltodextrin were more susceptible to secondary oxidation, as determined by a methodology put forward in this study based on ATR-FTIR spectroscopy. Further organoleptic testing performed with the encapsulates in a model food product, i.e., milk powder, suggested that the lowest organoleptic impact was seen for the encapsulates made from whey protein concentrate. The obtained results demonstrate the potential of the EAPG technology using whey protein concentrate as the encapsulating matrix, for the stabilization of sensitive bioactive compounds.

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22

Landoni, L., R. Alarcon, L. Vilca, N. Chasquibol, M. C. Pérez-Camino, and G. Gallardo. "Physicochemical characterization and oxidative stability of microencapsulated edible sacha inchi seed oil by spray drying." Grasas y Aceites 71, no. 4 (December 30, 2020): 387. http://dx.doi.org/10.3989/gya.1028192.

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The aim of this work was to obtain sacha inchi oil (SIO) microcapsules from two different species, Plukenetia volubilis L. (SIVO) and Plukenetia huayllabambana L. (SIHO), using different biopolymers as wall materials and spray drying technology. The physicochemical characteristics such as encapsulation efficiency, particle size, morphology and oxidative stability were analyzed in order to select the best formulation that could potentially be used as an ingredient in the development of functional food. Bulk SIO and four formulations were tested for each oil ecotype, using different encapsulating agents: maltodextrin (MD), Arabic gum (AG), whey protein concentrate (WPC) and modified starch HI-CAP®-100 (H). Microcapsules made of H presented the highest oxidative stability and encapsulation efficiency compared to AG, AG:MD or AG:MD:WPC formulations.

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23

Kalinina, Irina, Rinat Fatkullin, Natalya Naumenko, Alena Ruskina, Natalia Popova, and Ekaterina Naumenko. "Increasing the Efficiency of Taxifolin Encapsulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Yeast Cells Based on Ultrasonic Microstructuring." Fermentation 8, no. 8 (August 9, 2022): 378. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8080378.

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The aim of the present study was to investigate the possibility of encapsulating the plant antioxidant taxifolin in the living cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Taxifolin is an unstable substance prone to oxidative degradation and actively enters into chemical reactions with a decrease or loss of bioactive properties. To minimize these problems, the use of encapsulation technology has been proposed. The cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae have been chosen as a protective material for taxifolin. The encapsulation process was carried out using simple diffusion methods in living Saccharomyces cerevisiae cells in a thermostatically controlled shaker for 24 h. The aim of the study was to evaluate the effect of preliminary microstructuring of taxifolin on the efficiency of its encapsulation in yeast cells. The microstructuring process was carried out using low-frequency ultrasonic cavitation exposure for 7 min with a frequency of 22 ± 1.6 kHz and a power of 600 W/100 mL. The studies confirmed the feasibility of the proposed approach. It was found that microstructuring changes the dispersed composition of taxifolin particles and their morphology in solution and also increases the value of the antioxidant activity. Preliminary microstructuring of taxifolin increases the efficiency of its encapsulation in Saccharomyces cerevisiae yeast cells by 1.42 times compared to the initial form. A positive dependence of the growth of the encapsulation efficiency on the duration of the process was also established. Thus, the conducted studies confirmed the advantage of encapsulation of taxifolin in living cells of the yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae in microstructured form.

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24

Ma, Yun Long, Xiao Hua Chen, Bo Liu, and Guo Feng Zhang. "Rehabilitation Management System Oriented Cloud Services Integration Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 415 (September 2013): 371–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.415.371.

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As the informationization of the medicare sector in China grows up and the sources of the rehabilitation data are distributed and multi-leveled from different centers, it is urgently needed to integrate the resources of various application systems, implement unified data exchange of the distributed and heterogeneous multiple data sources and encapsulate the data resources into various kinds of services. For this purpose, this paper puts forward the idea of SOA-based cloud services encapsulation and integrated architecture. At first, the multi-source and heterogeneity of data and the integration of information in the rehabilitation management are analyzed. Then, the cloud services encapsulation and integration technology is study to find out how to encapsulate data resources into various kinds of services, build a SOA-based cloud services platform, find a solution for the integration of multi-sourced and heterogeneous data, and meet the function extension, encapsulation and release of cloud services arising out of changing demands. At last, A case of the cloud platform system is presented to show the feasibility and effectiveness of the architecture platform.

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25

Wei, Wenjun, Yongkang Zhen, Yusu Wang, Khuram Shahzad, and Mengzhi Wang. "Advances of Rumen Functional Bacteria and the Application of Micro-Encapsulation Fermentation Technology in Ruminants: A Review." Fermentation 8, no. 10 (October 20, 2022): 564. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/fermentation8100564.

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Rumen functional bacteria are crucial for the homeostasis of rumen fermentation and micro-ecology. Cellulolytic bacteria, amylolytic bacteria, protein- and fat-degrading bacteria, lactic acid-producing bacteria, lactic acid-consuming bacteria, methanogens, and others can all be found in the rumen flora and help the host and other microorganisms convert feed into energy. For instance, Ruminococcus flavefaciens, Ruminococcus albus, and Fibrobacter succinogenes are the three most prevalent fiber-degrading bacteria. The digestion and metabolism of various nutrients and the absorption in rumen epithelium can greatly enhance host defense mechanisms and health production in ruminants. However, directly feeding live bacteria is prone to negative environmental effects. Therefore, the micro-encapsulation of film-forming and acid-resistant wall materials can become a great means of encapsulating naked bacteria into tiny particles. It can maintain the activity of functional flora, boost the function of the intestinal barrier, and improve its capacity for colonization on the surface of the rumen and colon mucosa. Therefore, the present review evaluates the latent progress of main functional bacteria and the applied techniques of micro-encapsulation in the rumen, in order to provide more references for the development and application of rumen-functional bacteria.

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26

Pylypenko, D. М. "INFLUENCE OF THE LIPID COMPOSITION ON THE PROPERTIES, TECHNOLOGY AND QUALITY INDICATORS OF LIPOSOMAL DRUGS." Biotechnologia Acta 15, no. 5 (October 2022): 24–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/biotech15.05.024.

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Liposomal drug delivery system is an example of the use of nanodrugs in medical practice. Encapsulation of active pharmaceutical ingredients in liposomal nanoparticles allows increasing their bioavailability and efficacy. Aim. The article is devoted to the analysis of the lipid composition of liposomal drugs developed in Ukraine, its influence on the choice of technology and control parameters. Results. The lipid compositions of liposomal drugs developed in Ukraine in recent years were reviewed. The advantages and disadvantages of natural phosphatidylcholine as the main membrane-forming lipid were analyzed. Data on the influence of anionic phospholipids and cholesterol in the liposomal membrane composition on the stability of liposomal nanoparticles and the level of active pharmaceutical ingredient encapsulation were given. The main technological stages of obtaining liposomes with hydrophilic and hydrophobic active pharmaceutical ingredients were considered. The main groups of quality indicators of liposomal dosage forms have been determined. Conclusions. The lipid composition determines the structure and physicochemical properties of the lipid membrane, the mechanism and level of active pharmaceutical ingredient encapsulation, which significantly influences the pharmacological efficacy of liposomal drug delivery systems.

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27

Patel, Ashish S., Alberto Smith, Rizwan Q. Attia, Katherine Mattock, Julia Humphries, Oliver Lyons, Prakash Saha, Bijan Modarai, and Suwan N. Jayasinghe. "Encapsulation of angiogenic monocytes using bio-spraying technology." Integrative Biology 4, no. 6 (2012): 628. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c2ib20033c.

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Souradeep, Gupta, and Harn Wei Kua. "Encapsulation Technology and Techniques in Self-Healing Concrete." Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering 28, no. 12 (December 2016): 04016165. http://dx.doi.org/10.1061/(asce)mt.1943-5533.0001687.

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Li, Chun Quan, Chun Yang Hu, Yan Wei Wang, and Pan Feng Zhu. "Research of Cloud Manufacturing and Resource Encapsulation Technology." Applied Mechanics and Materials 58-60 (June 2011): 562–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.58-60.562.

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A new type of networked manufacturing — cloud manufacturing is forming and developing with the development of information technology and manufacturing industry. This paper gives the definition of cloud manufacturing and puts forward a structure of cloud manufacturing system. At the same time we discuss the key technologies for realization of resource encapsulation of cloud manufacturing by using EDDL technology.

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30

Salot, R., S. Martin, S. Oukassi, M. Bedjaoui, and J. Ubrig. "Microbattery technology overview and associated multilayer encapsulation process." Applied Surface Science 256, no. 3 (November 2009): S54—S57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.apsusc.2009.09.086.

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31

Matsuno, Ryuichi, and Shuji Adachi. "Lipid encapsulation technology - techniques and applications to food." Trends in Food Science & Technology 4, no. 8 (August 1993): 256–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0924-2244(93)90141-v.

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32

Hashemi, Maryam, and Fatemeh Kalalinia. "Application of encapsulation technology in stem cell therapy." Life Sciences 143 (December 2015): 139–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.lfs.2015.11.007.

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33

Zhao, Gang, and Xiaoming He. "Encapsulation Technology in Vitreous Cryopreservation of Stem Cells." Cryobiology 80 (February 2018): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cryobiol.2017.10.077.

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34

Cox, Bryan, Matt Saari, Bin Xia, Edmond Richer, Paul S. Krueger, and Adam L. Cohen. "Fiber Encapsulation Additive Manufacturing: Technology and Applications Update." 3D Printing and Additive Manufacturing 4, no. 2 (June 2017): 116–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1089/3dp.2016.0016.

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35

Rai, Manoj K., Pooja Asthana, Shashi Kant Singh, V. S. Jaiswal, and U. Jaiswal. "The encapsulation technology in fruit plants—A review." Biotechnology Advances 27, no. 6 (November 2009): 671–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biotechadv.2009.04.025.

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36

Bakhshi, Poonam Kaushik, M. Rafique Nangrejo, Eleanor Stride, and Mohan Edirisinghe. "Application of Electrohydrodynamic Technology for Folic Acid Encapsulation." Food and Bioprocess Technology 6, no. 7 (April 26, 2012): 1837–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11947-012-0843-4.

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37

Suzuki, Osamu. "Encapsulation Technology for Advanced Packaging: Underfills/Molding Compounds." Journal of The Japan Institute of Electronics Packaging 26, no. 2 (March 1, 2023): 220–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.5104/jiep.26.220.

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38

Koh, Wee Yin, Xiao Xian Lim, Thuan-Chew Tan, Rovina Kobun, and Babak Rasti. "Encapsulated Probiotics: Potential Techniques and Coating Materials for Non-Dairy Food Applications." Applied Sciences 12, no. 19 (October 5, 2022): 10005. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app121910005.

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The growing health awareness among consumers has increased the demand for non-dairy-based products containing probiotics. However, the incorporation of probiotics in non-dairy matrices is challenging, and probiotics tend to have a low survival rate in these matrices and subsequently perform poorly in the gastrointestinal system. Encapsulation of probiotics with a physical barrier could preserve the survivability of probiotics and subsequently improve delivery efficiency to the host. This article aimed to review the effectiveness of encapsulation techniques (coacervation, extrusion, emulsion, spray-drying, freeze-drying, fluidized bed coating, spray chilling, layer-by-layer, and co-encapsulation) and biomaterials (carbohydrate-, fat-, and protein-based) on the viability of probiotics under the harsh conditions of food processing, storage, and along the gastrointestinal passage. Recent studies on probiotic encapsulations using non-dairy food matrices, such as fruits, fruit and vegetable juices, fermented rice beverages, tea, jelly-like desserts, bakery products, sauces, and gum products, were also included in this review. Overall, co-encapsulation of probiotics with prebiotics was found to be effective in preserving the viability of probiotics in non-dairy food matrices. Encapsulation techniques could add value and widen the application of probiotics in the non-dairy food market and future perspectives in this area.

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Ferrari, Pier Francesco, Paolo Trucillo, Giulia De Negri Atanasio, Chiara Bufalini, Roberta Campardelli, Patrizia Perego, Domenico Palombo, and Ernesto Reverchon. "Operating Parameters Optimization for the Production of Liposomes Loaded with Antibodies Using a Supercritical Fluid-Assisted Process." Processes 11, no. 3 (February 22, 2023): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/pr11030663.

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Encapsulation of antibodies represents a significant advance to protect and deliver these therapeutics in a controlled manner, increasing the stability requested to cover the temporal gap between particle production and their administration. Furthermore, using encapsulation, extracellular, cell surface, and intracellular targets can be reached. This work examines the feasibility of encapsulating mouse IgG isotype control antibodies within phosphatidylcholine-based liposomes using a supercritical fluid-based process called SuperLip (Supercritical-assisted Liposome formation). This process allows a continuous production of both nano- and micrometric liposomes with high encapsulation efficiency working under mild operative conditions. The effect of some operative parameters has been studied on liposome mean diameter, particle size distribution, and antibody entrapment efficiency, comparing these data with those collected working with liposomes obtained by the thin-layer hydration technique. In particular, the effect of water flow rate and of the antibody loading were studied. Antibody-loaded liposomes with mean diameters in the range between 205 and 501 nm have been obtained by using a supercritical fluid-assisted process. High entrapment efficiencies up to 94% have been calculated.

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Hanamsagar, Richa, Robert Marcus, Mathew Chamberlain, Emanuele de Rinaldis, and Virginia Savova. "Optimum processing conditions for single cell RNA sequencing on frozen human PBMCs." Journal of Immunology 202, no. 1_Supplement (May 1, 2019): 131.15. http://dx.doi.org/10.4049/jimmunol.202.supp.131.15.

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Abstract The field of single cell RNA sequencing (sc-SEQ) has exploded in the past few years. From picking up single cells manually under a microscope, to droplet-based encapsulation of cells using microfluidics – this technology has improved in leaps and bounds. Common droplet-based technologies include inDrop, Drop-seq and 10X Genomics Chromium. All three technologies utilize microfluidics for encapsulating single cells & uniquely barcoded beads within an oil droplet. They differ in their bead material/manufacturing, barcode design and the range to which their operation can be customized by the end user. However, the performance of each sc-SEQ each technology is dependent on factors such as ability to obtain pure, viable single-cell suspension, and ability to accurately quantify the number of cells before running them through the machine. Here, we compare and contrast different conditions for cell processing that can affect single-cell sequencing results – including cell counting and purifying methods, as well as cell subtype enrichment kits; followed by single cell encapsulation, library preparation and analysis using 10X Genomics Chromium workflow.

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Rahmani-Manglano, Nor E., Emilia M. Guadix, Charlotte Jacobsen, and Pedro J. García-Moreno. "Comparative Study on the Oxidative Stability of Encapsulated Fish Oil by Monoaxial or Coaxial Electrospraying and Spray-Drying." Antioxidants 12, no. 2 (January 24, 2023): 266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020266.

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The impact of the encapsulation technology on the oxidative stability of fish-oil-loaded capsules was investigated. The capsules (ca. 13 wt% oil load) were produced via monoaxial or coaxial electrospraying and spray-drying using low molecular weight carbohydrates as encapsulating agents (e.g., glucose syrup or maltodextrin). The use of spray-drying technology resulted in larger capsules with higher encapsulation efficiency (EE > 84%), whilst the use of electrospraying produced encapsulates in the sub-micron scale with poorer retention properties (EE < 72%). The coaxially electrosprayed capsules had the lowest EE values (EE = 53–59%), resulting in the lowest oxidative stability, although the lipid oxidation was significantly reduced by increasing the content of pullulan in the shell solution. The emulsion-based encapsulates (spray-dried and monoaxially electrosprayed capsules) presented high oxidative stability during storage, as confirmed by the low concentration of selected volatiles (e.g., (E,E)-2,4-heptadienal). Nonetheless, the monoaxially electrosprayed capsules were the most oxidized after production due to the emulsification process and the longer processing time.

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Matseychik, Irina, Elizaveta Martynova, Svetlana Korpacheva, Angelina Shteer, and Igor Lomovskiy. "Encapsulation of Powdered Rowanberries (Sorbus aucuparia) with Plant Polysaccharides." Food Processing: Techniques and Technology 50, no. 1 (March 27, 2020): 52–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.21603/2074-9414-2020-1-52-60.

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Introduction. Functional food industry has a stable tendency to use natural plant materials and products. The rowan thrives in Siberian conditions, which makes rowanberries a local raw material of plant origin. The article features the process of encapsulation of bitter plant extracts, which makes it possible to create new functional ingredients. Study objects and methods. The plant extract was obtained from the powder of infrared-dried uncultivated rowanberries harvested in the city of Novosibirsk and the Altai Territory in September 2018 and October 2019. The research compared two parallel encapsulation technologies: spray and freeze drying. The encapsulating matrix vs. IR-dried powder ratio was established experimentally. Konjac and guar gum polysaccharides were used as encapsulating membranes. The content of antioxidants, flavonoids, vitamin C, and β-carotene was determined in the IR-dried rowanberry extract and encapsulated powder. A set of experiments made it possible to compile a new formulation of a cottage cheese dessert with encapsulated functional additive. The dessert was tested for various quality indicators that affect the physicochemical and rheological properties of the product, i.e. moisture, solids content, sugar content, vitamin C, β-carotene, antioxidant capacity, and biologically active flavonoids. Results and discussion. Encapsulation significantly improved the sensory properties of the final material. The physicochemical quality assessment showed that a 1:1 dilution of rowan extract with a food polysaccharide did not affect the content of biologically active substances (with a tolerance of 8%). The physical and chemical quality assessment confirmed the functionality of the dessert: it contained > 15% of the daily physiological requirements of vitamin C, β-carotene, antioxidants, and flavonoids. Conclusion. The paper introduces a novel method of rowan powder encapsulation, which was successfully applied to create a new functional product. The encapsulation technology made it possible to soften the natural bitterness of the raw material. The new functional product demonstrated excellent sensory properties and nutritional value.

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Franklin, Evan, Vernie Everett, Andrew Blakers, and Klaus Weber. "Sliver Solar Cells: High-Efficiency, Low-Cost PV Technology." Advances in OptoElectronics 2007 (September 2, 2007): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2007/35383.

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Sliver cells are thin, single-crystal silicon solar cells fabricated using standard fabrication technology. Sliver modules, composed of several thousand individual Sliver cells, can be efficient, low-cost, bifacial, transparent, flexible, shadow tolerant, and lightweight. Compared with current PV technology, mature Sliver technology will need 10% of the pure silicon and fewer than 5% of the wafer starts per MW of factory output. This paper deals with two distinct challenges related to Sliver cell and Sliver module production: providing a mature and robust Sliver cell fabrication method which produces a high yield of highly efficient Sliver cells, and which is suitable for transfer to industry; and, handling, electrically interconnecting, and encapsulating billions of sliver cells at low cost. Sliver cells with efficiencies of 20% have been fabricated at ANU using a reliable, optimised processing sequence, while low-cost encapsulation methods have been demonstrated using a submodule technique.

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Ermakova, P. S., E. I. Cherkasova, N. A. Lenshina, A. N. Konev, M. A. Batenkin, S. A. Chesnokov, D. M. Kuchin, E. V. Zagainova, V. E. Zagainov, and A. V. Kashina. "Modern pancreatic islet encapsulation technologies for the treatment of type 1 diabetes." Russian Journal of Transplantology and Artificial Organs 23, no. 4 (October 22, 2021): 95–109. http://dx.doi.org/10.15825/1995-1191-2021-4-95-109.

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The review includes the results of analytical research on the problem of application of pancreatic islet encapsulation technologies for compensation of type 1 diabetes. We present a review of modern encapsulation technologies, approaches to encapsulation strategies, insulin replacement technologies: auto-, allo- and xenotransplantation; prospects for cell therapy for insulin-dependent conditions; modern approaches to β-cell encapsulation, possibilities of optimization of encapsulation biomaterials to increase survival of transplanted cells and reduce adverse consequences for the recipient. The main problems that need to be solved for effective transplantation of encapsulated islets of Langerhans are identified and the main strategies for translating the islet encapsulation technology into medical reality are outlined.

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Tatasciore, Simona, Veronica Santarelli, Lilia Neri, Rodrigo González Ortega, Marco Faieta, Carla Daniela Di Mattia, Alessandro Di Michele, and Paola Pittia. "Freeze-Drying Microencapsulation of Hop Extract: Effect of Carrier Composition on Physical, Techno-Functional, and Stability Properties." Antioxidants 12, no. 2 (February 10, 2023): 442. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/antiox12020442.

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In this study, freeze-drying microencapsulation was proposed as a technology for the production of powdered hop extracts with high stability intended as additives/ingredients in innovative formulated food products. The effects of different carriers (maltodextrin, Arabic gum, and their mixture in 1:1 w/w ratio) on the physical and techno-functional properties, bitter acids content, yield and polyphenols encapsulation efficiency of the powders were assessed. Additionally, the powders’ stability was evaluated for 35 days at different temperatures and compared with that of non-encapsulated extract. Coating materials influenced the moisture content, water activity, colour, flowability, microstructure, and water sorption behaviour of the microencapsulates, but not their solubility. Among the different carriers, maltodextrin showed the lowest polyphenol load yield and bitter acid content after processing but the highest encapsulation efficiency and protection of hop extracts’ antioxidant compounds during storage. Irrespective of the encapsulating agent, microencapsulation did not hinder the loss of bitter acids during storage. The results of this study demonstrate the feasibility of freeze-drying encapsulation in the development of functional ingredients, offering new perspectives for hop applications in the food and non-food sectors.

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Silva, Pablo Teixeira da, Leadir Lucy Martins Fries, Cristiano Ragagnin de Menezes, Augusto Tasch Holkem, Carla Luisa Schwan, Évelin Francine Wigmann, Juliana de Oliveira Bastos, and Cristiane de Bona da Silva. "Microencapsulation: concepts, mechanisms, methods and some applications in food technology." Ciência Rural 44, no. 7 (July 2014): 1304–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0103-8478cr20130971.

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Microencapsulation is a process in which active substances are coated by extremely small capsules. It is a new technology that has been used in the cosmetics industry as well as in the pharmaceutical, agrochemical and food industries, being used in flavors, acids, oils, vitamins, microorganisms, among others. The success of this technology is due to the correct choice of the wall material, the core release form and the encapsulation method. Therefore, in this review, some relevant microencapsulation aspects, such as the capsule, wall material, core release forms, encapsulation methods and their use in food technology will be briefly discussed.

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Tontul, İsmail. "Gıda Bileşenlerinin Enkapsülasyonunda Nanoemülsiyonların Kullanımı." Turkish Journal of Agriculture - Food Science and Technology 8, no. 1 (January 29, 2020): 130. http://dx.doi.org/10.24925/turjaf.v8i1.130-138.2877.

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The increase in consumers' demands for safer and healthier food has led to the development of many new products in food technology. For this reason, micro- or nanoencapsulation has become an important area in order to protect food components with functional properties against environmental conditions and to provide controlled release in recent years. As a matter of fact, many encapsulation techniques have been developed and many different active materials have been encapsulated. Nanoemulsions, a nanoencapsulation technique, are the process of encapsulating core material in two immiscible liquids. Nanoemulsions have higher stability and loading capacity compared to normal emulsions. It also increases the bioavailability of the core materials because of the increased absorption of the active material in the digestive tract. In this review, the required materials for nanoemulsion preparation, the nanoemulsification methods, and the studies on the encapsulation of various food components in nanoemulsions have been reviewed.

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Merkulov, V. V., Yu V. Kalinin, and L. O. Shtripling. "Change in technology and equipment to simplify implementation of neutralization of oil-contaminated soil by the method of reagent capsulation in winter conditions." Omsk Scientific Bulletin, no. 177 (2021): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.25206/1813-8225-2021-177-54-58.

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The article discusses some features of the implementation of the reagent encapsulation method in winter conditions. When preparing the next batch of oil-contaminated soil in a mixture with snow, a sufficient amount of water is formed, which can be used in the technological process, in this regard, it is proposed to make a change in the design of the installation. Since the presence of water in the contaminated soil prevents the mixing process with lime, it is proposed to change the traditional technology of reagent encapsulation. During the experiment, the possibility of implementing the encapsulation process using the modified technology is determined

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Xu, Yibo, Rui Xia, Jifan Gao, Shubo Wang, Jun Zhu, Weicheng Xiong, Ningyi Yuan, and Jianning Ding. "A Facile Approach for the Encapsulation of Perovskite Solar Cells." Energies 16, no. 2 (January 4, 2023): 598. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en16020598.

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Effectively encapsulating perovskite solar cells (PSCs) to enhance the external reliability is the key towards commercialization. We herein propose a facile encapsulation method by introducing conductive ribbons and a polyethylene terephthalate (PET) backsheet on both sides of PSC. Via applying thermoplastic polyolefin (TPO) encapsulant, we implemented PSCs with fine encapsulation, enabling considerable durability in the ambient atmosphere and even with water immersion, demonstrating almost no degradation in the device output, which is ascribed to the low water vapor transmission rate as well as the high chemical stability of TPO. The operation reliability of the encapsulated cell is also significantly increased, maintaining 80% of the initial efficiency after 770 hours’ light illumination in an ambient atmosphere. This novel encapsulation route provides a feasible idea for the commercial application of PSCs in the future.

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Chen, Siming, William A. Arnold, and Paige J. Novak. "Encapsulation technology to improve biological resource recovery: recent advancements and research opportunities." Environmental Science: Water Research & Technology 7, no. 1 (2021): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/d0ew00750a.

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