Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Encapsulants'
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Burrows, Susan Elizabeth. "Silicone encapsulants for microelectronic devices." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.319702.
Full textGibbons, Gregory John. "Polyorganosiloxanes as electronic device encapsulants." Thesis, University of Warwick, 1996. http://wrap.warwick.ac.uk/80316/.
Full textAbid, Adil R. "Thin film encapsulants for gallium arsenide." Thesis, University of Surrey, 1987. http://epubs.surrey.ac.uk/847124/.
Full textBarr, Logan. "Radiation resistance of novel polymeric encapsulants." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2015. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/radiation-resistance-of-novel-polymeric-encapsulants(4a16b78f-f810-407d-815f-db63027aa014).html.
Full textBollampally, Raja Sheker. "Enhanced thermal conductivity of liquid encapsulants for electronic packaging." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19974.
Full textYao, Yiying. "Thermal Stability of Al₂O₃/Silicone Composites as High-Temperature Encapsulants." Diss., Virginia Tech, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/50593.
Full textPh. D.
Covill, Adrian. "Novel encapsulants for intermediate level waste in the UK nuclear industry." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2010. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/1224/.
Full textVincent, Michael Brien. "Enhancement of flow time and adhesion of high-performance underfill encapsulants for flip-chip applications." Thesis, Georgia Institute of Technology, 1998. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/19966.
Full textNICOLAUD, ANNE-MARIE. "Contribution a l'etude de la peritonite encapsulante : illustree par une observation." Lyon 1, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988LYO1M221.
Full textMARION, COFFY PASCALE. "La peritonite encapsulante : a propos d'une observation." Saint-Etienne, 1988. http://www.theses.fr/1988STET6038.
Full textBoldieri, Thalita. "Propriedades físicas e mecânicas de cimentos de ionômero de vidro encapsulados e não encapsulados /." Araraquara, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/138939.
Full textBanca: Karina Antunes Neves
Banca: Hérica Adad Ricci
Banca: Elaine Pereira da Silva Tagliaferro
Resumo: O objetivo do estudo foi avaliar as propriedades físicas e mecânicas de cimentos de ionômero de vidro (CIV) encapsulados e não encapsulados e modificados ou não por resina. Foram utilizados os CIV Riva Self Cure HV® (RHVe) e Ketac Molar Easymix (KM), para a realização dos testes de rugosidade superficial (R), o qual utilizou rugosímetro, porosidade (PO) por meio de contagem de poros em imagem de microscopia eletrônica de varredura, dureza Vickers (HV) com auxílio de microdurômetro, resistência máxima à compressão (RC) em máquina de ensaios mecânicos EMIC e tempo de presa (TP), a partir de uma agulha Gilmore. Para avaliação da resistência à abrasão, causada pela escovação, espécimes de CIV modificados por resina (CIVMR), Riva Light Cure® convencional (RLCc), Riva Light Cure® encapsulado (RLCe) e Vitremer (VI) foram pesadas em uma balança de precisão para obtenção da massa inicial (Mi) e em seguida, foram submetidos ao teste inicial de rugosidade (Ri). Após os espécimes sofrerem 20.000 ciclos de escovação, foram lavados e os procedimentos de pesagem e medição da rugosidade foram repetidos obtendo a massa final (Mf) e rugosidade final (Rf). Para avaliação do manchamento e estabilidade de cor utilizou-se os CIV Vitremer (VI), Riva Light Cure® (RLCc) e Riva Light Cure® encapsulado (RLCe). Os corpos de prova foram armazenados em 20 mL de água ou coca-cola ou café ou suco de uva ou chá preto, trocados a cada 24 horas. Os corpos de prova foram analisados pelo espectrofotómetro, por m... (Resumo completo, clicar acesso eletrônico abaixo)
Abstract: The aim of this study was to evaluate the physical and mechanical properties of glass ionomer cements (GIC) encapsulated and unencapsulated and modified or unmodified resin. The CIV Riva Self Cure HV® (RHVe) and Ketac Molar Easymix (KM) were used, to achieve the surface roughness testing (R), which used roughness, porosity (PO) through pores count in picture scanning electron microscopy, Vickers hardness (HV) with the aid of micro hardness, maximum compressive strength (RC) in a mechanical test machine EMIC and setting time (PT), from a Gilmore needle. To evaluate the abrasion caused by brushing, CIV modified specimens (RMGIC), Riva Light conventional Cure® (RLCc), Riva Ligh encapsulated Cure® (RLCe) and Vitremer (VI) were weighed on a precision scale to obtain the initial mass (Mi) and then underwent initial testing roughness (laughs). After brushing specimens undergo 20.000 cycles were washed and weighing and measuring procedures were repeated roughness obtaining the final mass (M) and the final roughness (Rf). To evaluate the color stability and staining was used to Vitremer (VI), Riva Light Cure® (RLCc) and Riva Light encapsulated Cure® (RLCe). The specimens were stored in 20 ml of water or cola or coffee or grape juice or black tea, changed every 24 hours. The samples were analyzed by spectrophotometer by means of a high power LED, the white color measurements were performed soon after the polymerization, 1 hour and 1, 2, 7, 14, 21 and 28 days after storage in solutions.... (Complete abstract click electronic access below)
Doutor
Lopes, Kirian Pimenta. "Desenvolvimento de pigmentos nanométricos encapsulados." Universidade Federal de São Carlos, 2004. https://repositorio.ufscar.br/handle/ufscar/6545.
Full textUniversidade Federal de Sao Carlos
In the present study, perovskite-type NiTiO3 ceramic pigments were prepared by the polymeric precursor method, originally proposed by Pechini. The transluscent and viscous polymeric resin was characterized by thermogravimetric analysis. The product of the resin s pyrolysis, also known as "puff", was desagglomerated and calcined at different temperatures, under room atmosphere. The evolution of the crystalline phase with increasing heat treatment temperature was studied by X-ray diffraction (XRD). A comparative study of the characteristics of the ceramic pigments, which resulted from the calcination of the attrition-milled "puff", was made. The calcined powders presented high specific superficial area values, as determined by the BET method. The pigment colors were measured by the CIE - L*a*b* colorimetric system. It was observed, through the colorimetrics coordinates, that the pigments are yellow. The morphology of the prepared NiTiO3 powders was studied by scanning electron microscopy. A mean particle diameter of approximately 30nm was estimated through transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. The isoelectric point of the particles dispersed in ethanol was determined. Afterwards, the attrition-milled, nanometric, single-phase pigments, calcined at 600ºC for 2 hours, were coated with an amorphous SiO2 layer. The encapsulation was done by a sol-gel process. Moreover, the encapsulation was confirmed through TEM characterization, X-ray dispersive energy analysis and a shift on the position of the isoelectric point of the dispersed particles
No presente trabalho, pigmentos cerâmicos do tipo perovskita NiTiO3 foram preparados utilizando-se o método dos precursores poliméricos derivado do método originalmente proposto por Pechini. A resina polimérica, translúcida e viscosa, foi caracterizada usando-se análise termogravimétrica. O produto da pirólise da resina, denominado de puff , foi desaglomerado e calcinado a diferentes temperaturas, sob atmosfera ambiente, permitindo-se o acompanhamento da evolução das fases cristalinas por DRX. Foi feito um estudo comparativo das características dos pigmentos cerâmicos obtidos das calcinações após a moagem mecânica de alta energia do puff desaglomerado. Os pós resultantes das calcinações apresentaram elevados valores de área superficial específica, determinada pelo método de BET. A cor dos pigmentos foi medida utilizando-se o sistema colorimétrico CIE-L*a*b*. Os valores das coordenadas colorimétricas mostraram pigmentos de coloração amarela. A morfologia dos pós de NiTiO3 foi verificada por microscopia eletrônica de varredura. Pela microscopia eletrônica de transmissão observou-se partículas nanométricas, com diâmetro médio igual a 30nm. Determinou-se o ponto isoelétrico das partículas dispersas em etanol. A seguir, os pigmentos nanométricos e monofásicos, calcinados a 600ºC/2h, após moagem em atritor, foram recobertos com uma camada amorfa de SiO2. A reação de encapsulamento foi efetuada pelo método sol-gel. Tal encapsulamento foi confirmado por MET, pela variação do ponto isoelétrico das partículas dispersas em etanol e também por análise de energia dispersiva de raios X (EDX)
Spada, Jordana Corralo. "Uso do amido de pinhão como agente encapsulante." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/29404.
Full textThe B-carotene represents a natural pigment that besides having broad coloring power, also presents antioxidant and provitamin activity. However, due to the high degree of insaturations, this dye is propense to isomeration and oxidation during the processing and storage, being difficult its use in food industry. Microencapsulation can improve this situation, increasing its stability and rendering possible its incorporation into food systems without loss of its functional properties. The purpose of this research was to produce, characterize and investigate the stability of the microcapsules produced by freeze drying, using a new wall material corresponding to pinhão starch. The-caroteno was microencapsulated using native pinhão starch, hydrolyzed pinhão starch DE 6, hydrolyzed pinhão starch DE 12 and the mixture of both with gelatin, as coating material. First tests were related to the modification of starch via acid hydrolysis using a 22 factorial central design, where the independent variables were temperature (from 30 to 44°C) and acid concentration (from 3 to 5 mol.L-1) and the response variable corresponded to dextrose equivalent (DE). In this study, it was observed that higher temperatures and acid concentration, resulted in higher DE values. The capsules efficiency, surface content, moisture, morphology, solubility, particle size, glass transition temperature and sorption isotherms were analyzed. Also the stability of the microencapsulates were evaluated and compared to synthetic free -carotene at the storage condition: exposure to UV light, and temperatures of 10 and 30 °C. Different coating material formulations resulted in differents B-carotene retention, the formulation with hydrolyzed starch 12 DE presented the highest total content of B-carotene (>90 %) and the lowest surface B-carotene while the lowest total content of B-carotene and the highest surface of this compound was presented using native starch. All capsules showed undefined shapes and varied sizes and these characteristics are related to the process used for the preparation of microcapsules. By the particle size distribution analysis, it was verified that encapsulates with gelatin presented an average particle diameter higher than the others encapsulated. Both capsules prepared with native starch and hydrolyzed starch presented similar glass transition temperature, while capsules with gelatin showed higher Tg values (~90°C). All samples presented low cold water solubility and the hot water solubility for all samples was higher than the cold water solubility. The moisture sorption isotherms determined at 10°, 20° and 30°C of hydrolyzed starch DE 12 showed isotherms kind II. The kinetic of degradation of -carotene in encapsulates followed the first-order model. UV light, the microcapsules were less stable than the in the other conditions. The results indicated that the hydrolyzed pinhão starch is a potential encapsulating material.
Cavalheiro, Carlos Pasqualin. "PROBIÓTICOS ENCAPSULADOS APLICADOS EM PRODUTO CÁRNEO." Universidade Federal de Santa Maria, 2016. http://repositorio.ufsm.br/handle/1/3414.
Full textThe aim of this study was to encapsulate probiotic microorganisms, evaluating their resistance against harsh environments and the use in dry fermented sausages. L. plantarum ATCC 8041 and E. faecium ATCC 700221 were encapsulate in alginate beads in association with inulin, milk powder and trehalose through extrusion technique and submitted to stressful environments such as high temperatures, high concentrations of sodium chloride and sodium nitrite and refrigerated storage period. Subsequently, L. plantarum was added to dry fermented sausages as free cells or encapsulated using extrusion, emulsion and double emulsion techniques. Encapsulation was effective to protect probiotics against stress treatments, mainly 70 ºC temperature and high concentrations of sodium chloride and sodium nitrite. Furthermore, encapsulated probiotics kept their viability throughout 70 days of refrigerated storage. In addition, the use of encapsulated L. plantarum did not change physico-chemical properties of dry fermented sausage during processing and storage. However, the extrusion technique seems to be more effective to keep higher counts of L. plantarum in dry fermented sausages during processing and storage. The addition of L. plantarum encapsulated in emulsion and double emulsion increased lipid oxidation in dry fermented sausages. Furtermore, in sensory analysis, dry fermented sausages containing L. plantarum encapsulated in emulsion had lower scores than control treatment in flavor, hardness, texture and overall acceptance attributes.
Este trabalho teve por objetivo encapsular microrganismos probióticos, avaliar sua resistência frente à condições adversas de processamento e estudar a aplicação em embutido cárneo fermentado. Para isso o L. plantarum ATCC 8041 e E. faecium ATCC 700221 foram encapsulados através da técnica de extrusão usando alginato de sódio juntamente com inulina, leite em pó e trealose como materiais de cápsula e submetidos à condições adversas de processamento como altas temperaturas, altas concentrações de cloreto de sódio e nitrito de sódio e armazenamento sob refrigeração. Posteriormente, o L. plantarum foi adicionado na forma livre e encapsulado através das técnicas de extrusão, emulsão simples e emulsão dupla em embutido fermentado e avaliado durante seu processamento e armazenamento. Observou-se que a encapsulação foi eficaz na proteção dos probióticos às condições adversas, especialmente quando submetidos à temperatura de 70 ºC e altas concentrações de cloreto e nitrito de sódio. Os probióticos encapsulados se mantiveram em níveis adequados durante os 70 dias de armazenamento sob refrigeração. Ainda, a adição de L. plantarum encapsulado por diferentes técnicas não alterou as características físico-químicas do embutido fermentado durante seu processamento e armazenamento. No entanto, a encapsulação através da técnica de extrusão se mostrou mais viável em manter as contagens de L. plantarum em níveis mais elevados no produto durante o processamento e armazenamento. A adição de L. plantarum encapsulado em emulsão simples e emulsão dupla aumentou a oxidação lipídica dos embutidos fermentados. Ainda, na análise sensorial, os produtos contendo L. plantarum encapsulado em emulsão simples apresentaram notas inferiores ao controle nos quesitos sabor, dureza, textura e aceitação geral.
Cruz, Rodrigo Caberlon. "Condutividade hidráulica em solos contaminados encapsulados." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2004. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/5137.
Full textVEGNADUZZO, VIVIANE. "Une periviscerite diffuse : exceptionnelle association d'une peritonite encapsulante et d'un foie glace." Lille 2, 1990. http://www.theses.fr/1990LIL2M078.
Full textRudy, Veronika. "Technologie zalévání LED pásků epoxidovými hmotami." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta strojního inženýrství, 2021. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-443229.
Full textKünzel, Carsten. "Metakaolin based geopolymers to encapsulate nuclear waste." Thesis, Imperial College London, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10044/1/11172.
Full textDUBOIS, PATRICIA. "Perihepatite de curshmann : a propos d'un malade suivi depuis dix ans." Lille 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992LIL2M050.
Full textSoisson, Arnaud. "Développement de polymères hydrophobes résistants à haute température pour l’encapsulation de module de puissance." Thesis, Université Paris-Saclay (ComUE), 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016SACLV024.
Full textThe aim of this work is to develop new hydrophobicpolymeric materials for the protection of semi-conductorcomponents. These materials must withstand high temperature,strong electric fields and aggressive atmospheres such asmoisture. In this context, addition polyimides emerged as themost suitable polymers for the intended application. Thesynthesis of the encapsulant being made directly in the powermodules, it must be solvent free. Thus, we have developed newsolvent free synthesis routes of poly(aminobismaleimide)s andpoly(bismaleimide)s.First of all, different aliphatic diamines were used as a reactivesolvent in the synthesis of poly(aminobismaleimide)s to atemperature well below the melting point of the usedbismaleimide (m.p. > 300 °C). A first series of 3 newpoly(aminobismaleimide)s, crosslinked from 70 to 95 %, hasthus been made. From these first syntheses, 10 newpoly(aminobismaleimide)s have been developed. For 9 of them,aromatic diamines were used and, for the latter, a siloxanediamine. These results demonstrate that this process can begeneralized.Secondly, poly(bismaleimide)s were synthesized, still withoutany solvent. In order to do so, the syntheses of four newbismaleimides, liquid at room temperature, have beendeveloped. These compounds have an aliphatic or siloxanestructure in which a pyromellitic pattern has been or notintroduced. Their polymerization initiated with the suitable radicalinitiator leads to the formation of materials without the use of anysolvent.Depending on the choice of reagents, thermosetting materials orelastomers are obtained. These latter seem more suitable for thedesired application because, on one hand, the low viscosity ofthe reaction mixtures enables their application in a powermodule without any difficulty and, on the other hand, theirhydrophobic behaviour is stronger. One of them has aparticularly attractive thermal stability at 250 ° C and amechanical relaxation temperature almost out of the workingtemperature range. Therefore, this material may be used asencapsulant
Escalona, López Sandra Elizabeth. "Encapsulados de lutenia-enocianina y su aplicación en alimentos." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2004. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105409.
Full textDefferrari, Carolina Schumacher. "Metodologia computacional para análise óptica de células fotovoltaicas encapsuladas." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/173184.
Full textComputational tools raise the possibility of studying and understanding systems under different conditions in a faster and less resource and time consuming way. The optical modeling of photovoltaic devices is a very developed issue, and paperworks and projects in different scopes e levels of detail were produced, providing a better understanding of the different steps of converting light into electricity, expanding optimization possibilities. For this project a computational methodology was developed, as an initial step, for the optical assessment of the transmission of radiation in photovoltaic modules. In a second step, studies were performed using the method as a tool for analyzing the system formed by the layers covering the cells embedded in modules. The optical model describes monocristalline silicon modules, which are constituted by three to four layers covering the cell. Once it penetrates the set of layers, incident light suffers different extinction phenomena, which are predicted in this model in order to generate valid results. It’s a function of wavelength and incidence angle of the incoming radiation. The model presented aims to deeply analyse and understand the optical phenomena light undergoes through its way from the external environment to the interior of the cell, supporting the process of observing the performance and adequacy of different materials as the referred layers. Optimizing transmission of radiation in a photovoltaic device plays a main role in increasing the efficiency of the energy conversion process, which is why it’s so important. The model was validated by literature in parts, and showed coherence within reference results. Studies were produced in a second step of this work, using the method, concerning optical issues, for the thin film on top of the cell, the refractive index of the encapsulating material, and the optical effect of coating the outer glass surface. In the first study Si3N4, SiO2 and TiO2 were analyzed; the Si3N4 film produced the best results. The second study, concerning encapsulant’s refractive index, demonstrates this parameter has a very weak influence in the system’s transmission. The third one observed the performance of two materials, PDMS and TiO2, as AR coating,. The PDMS film produced a better effect. At last, the best performance set of layers was analyzed under a representative spectral distribution of an equinox day of the city of Porto Alegre, considering so far it was used the standard. The transmission suffered a slight decrease, around 3%.
Collado, Miguens Anna. "Un nou encapsulat multixip per a acceleròmetres piezoresistius." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/5339.
Full textEn el camp dels Smarts Sensors existeixen dues aproximacions bàsiques: l'aproximació monolítica que integra el sensor i els circuits en el mateix xip, i la versió multixip, que integra de forma híbrida tant el sensor com els circuits, fabricats per separat. Les dues tecnologies emprades en aquest treball han estat, la dels acceleròmetres piezoresistius en oblies BESOI i la dels mòduls multixip, silici sobre silici, mitjançant la tècnica de muntatge flip-chip. Aquesta tècnica proporciona a l'encapsulat de sensors nivell d'integració més elevat, a la vegada que redueix els problemes termo-mecànics pel fet d'emprar un substrat de silici.
En aquest estudi s'ha treballat en el desenvolupament d'aquest Smart Sensor per tal, principalment, d'aconseguir un encapsulat robust i lliure d'estrès. En aquest sentit, s'ha dut a terme el disseny d'una cavitat hermètica per a la protecció de les parts mòbils de l'acceleròmetre. L'hermeticitat s'obté mitjançant la pasta de soldadura que s'aplica en el mateix moment en que es fan les connexions elèctriques o solder bumps. Aquest fet ha requerit d'una modificació en la tecnologia de pads del sensor. Per altra banda, s'han dut a terme una sèrie de simulacions per elements finits per tal d'avaluar en les etapes de disseny l'estrès que podia aportar l'encapsulat a aquests dispositius sensibles a esforços mecànics. Els resultats de les simulacions demostren que si bé es dóna un cert grau d'estrès, aquest no arriba a perjudicar el comportament del sensor.
Les caracteritzacions tant elèctriques com mecàniques realitzades a l'encapsulat multixip, demostren que aquest encapsulat no modifica els paràmetres elèctrics més importants, com ara la sensibilitat o la tensió d'offset. La caracterització dinàmica demostra, però, que l'encapsulat multixip afegeix un més elevat grau d'esmorteïment modificant així la resposta del sensor. Aquesta variació es tradueix en una disminució de la freqüència de ressonància i del guany del sensor a aquesta freqüència. Aquest fet, en aplicacions DC, és una característica apreciada doncs evita una eventual ruptura del sensor.
This work describes the development of a Smart Sensor system for piezoresistive accelerometers using Multi Chip Module type D (MCM-D) technology.
There are two main approaches in the Smart Sensors field: The monolithic integration of the process circuitry with the sensor itself in the same chip, and the multichip approach, where both parts are independently fabricated and connected using hybrid integration. Two technologies have been used in the present work: CNM's piezoresistive accelerometers technology based on BESOI wafers and silicon-on-silicon multichip module technology, based on the flip-chip interconnection. This technique provides higher levels of integration for the packaging of sensors. In addition, the inclusion of a silicon substrate reduces thermo-mechanical problems.
The development of the Smart Sensor has been mainly oriented to obtain a robust and unstressed package. In this sense, mobile parts of the accelerometer have been protected with an specifically designed hermetic cavity. This cavity is built using solder paste, and is defined simultaneously with the electrical connections or solder bumps. This point required modifications of the sensor's pad technology. Furthermore, finite element simulations have been performed in order to evaluate the package induced stresses on the sensor, which is extremely sensitive to mechanical efforts. The simulation results showed that even if small stress appear, they don't adversely affect the behaviour of the sensor.
Electrical and mechanical characterisation of the multichip Smart Sensor, showed that the packaging process doesn't modify the main electrical parameters, such as sensitivity and off-set voltage. Vibration tests showed that multichip package increases mechanical damping, modifying the dynamic response of the sensor. In this sense, the resonance frequency and the gain of the sensor at this frequency decrease. This behaviour is useful for DC applications, preventing the failure of the sensor.
Vega, Velásquez Juan Andrés. "Obtención y caracterización de inulina entrecruzada como agente encapsulante de α-Tocoferol." Tesis, Universidad de Chile, 2011. http://www.repositorio.uchile.cl/handle/2250/105381.
Full textMerino, Carcamo Guillermo. "Microencapsulado de aceite de ajonjolí con mucílago de tamarindo como agente encapsulante." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104807.
Full textSe evaluó al mucilago de tamarindo como agente encapsulante para la microencapsulación de aceite de ajonjolí por el método de secado por aspersión, empleando relaciones agente encapsulante y agente encapsulado de 1:1 (M1) y 1:2 (M2). Las emulsiones presentaron una alta estabilidad contra el efecto de coalescencia, donde el sistema E1 muestra una Kc de 2.95 E-7 s^-1 y el sistema E2 una de 1.31 E-7 s^-1. Se analizó la estabilidad de la emulsión (cremado) para cada emulsión, determinando que E1 y E2 al final del periodo de la prueba presentaban una estabilidad de 88% y 90% respectivamente. La distribución de tamaño de partícula para M1 exhibieron un carácter unimodal, con intervalos de diámetro de ~1 a 50 μm mientras que la distribución de M2 tiene diámetros en el intervalo de ~1 a 50 μm y una variación en la distribución en el intervalo de ~50 a 125. Las microcápsulas del sistema M1 son térmicamente estables hasta una temperatura de 227 °C mientras que las del sistema M2 son estables hasta 178 °C. Los patrones de difracción de rayos X para M1 y M2 muestran un dominante halo amorfo. La eficiencia de encapsulamiento para las microcápsulas del sistema M1 presentaron un valor de 89.75% y para las microcápsulas del sistema M2 un valor de 81.31%. Se permitió liberar al aceite encapsulado a tasas de liberación controladas donde el empleo de una mayor proporción de material encapsulado, como lo es en el caso M2, conllevo a una liberación más acelerada del aceite en los primeros 100 minutos. En general, los resultados llevan a concluir que el mucilago de tamarindo puede ser empleado como agente encapsulante viable para obtener una alta eficiencia de microencapsulación.
Lachhman, Shem Benjamin. "Roller-Cast Poly-Dimethylsiloxane as a Non-Hermetic Encapsulant for MEMS Packaging." Case Western Reserve University School of Graduate Studies / OhioLINK, 2012. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=case1323445335.
Full textEMMERICH, W. O. "Quartzo como Estabilizante contra a Fotodegradação de Polímeros Transparentes de Painéis Solares Fotovoltaicos." Universidade Federal do Espírito Santo, 2014. http://repositorio.ufes.br/handle/10/5339.
Full textEm materiais plásticos transparentes expostos à luz solar, a radiação ultravioleta (UV) emitida pelo sol provoca perda das características de transmissão da luz. Isto é percebido pelo amarelecimento do material polimérico que faz o encapsulamento de células fotovoltaicas (FV) em vários tipos de Módulos FV. Num trabalho recente foram produzidas partículas de quartzo tratadas com raios gama e estas funcionaram como estabilizante contra fotodegradação de um compósito de EVA + quartzo. A presente pesquisa testou outros caminhos de menor custo, empregando o quartzo, mas sem o tratamento com raios gama. Foram utilizados apenas tratamentos térmicos e moagens. Foi desenvolvida uma nova metodologia, incluindo um fator de qualidade para avaliar a adequação das amostras à proteção de plásticos contra fotodegradação. Após sofrerem tratamentos térmicos com a temperaturas variando até 1100 °C por 3 e 6 horas, as amostras de quartzo foram maceradas em almofariz de ágata ou moídas em moinho de esferas. Os dois tipos de moagem proporcionaram diminuição no tamanho de partícula. A moagem no moinho de esferas também levou à redução no tamanho de grão cristalino. Ambas as reduções de tamanho, assim como o aumento no fator de qualidade, acontecem já nos primeiros instantes da moagem (15 min) e maceração. Moagem adicional não influencia significativamente no fator de qualidade. Os fatores de qualidade obtidos são comparáveis àqueles de amostras produzidas por Carvalho (2011) e que protegeram com sucesso filmes poliméricos contra fotodegradação. Palavras-Chave: Quartzo - tratamento térmico/moagem. Encapsulantes de células fotovoltaicas - fotodegradação
Nascimento, Fernanda Cristina do. "Micro-organismos encapsulados na promoção do crescimento inicial de frutíferas /." Jaboticabal, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/11449/143123.
Full textCoorientador; Fernando Antonio de Ávila
Banca: Mariana Carina Frigieri
Banca: Leonardo Lucas Madaleno
Resumo: O presente trabalho teve como objetivo avaliar a inoculação de micro-organismos encapsulados em mudas de frutíferas verificando a interação do inóculo com agentes encapsulantes como a argila e o alginato. O experimento foi realizado em um delineamento inteiramente casualizado, com cinco repetições, no esquema fatorial 3x2. Os tratamentos foram: controle, inóculo, argila, argila com inóculo, alginato e alginato com inóculo microbiano. As mudas foram mantidas em condições de viveiro durante um período de três meses. As análises realizadas nas plantas foram altura e diâmetro, matéria seca foliar e de raiz. As avaliações no solo foram teor de amônio e nitrato, atividade enzimática da desidrogenase, fosfato solúvel, carbono da biomassa microbiana e número total de bactérias. Nenhum tratamento promoveu o aumento de altura, diâmetro, matéria seca foliar e matéria seca de raiz nas mudas das frutíferas comparado com o tratamento controle. Os agentes encapsulantes promoveram um efeito significativo, nos teores de amônio e nitrato, na concentração de carbono da biomassa microbiana e no número total de bactérias nas mudas de araçá-boi. Paras a mudas de mamey, manga e pitanga não foram encontradas alterações significativas. Os resultados sugerem que os agentes encapsulantes utilizados como a argila e alginato na presença ou ausência de micro-organismos podem melhorar alguns parâmetros de solo, apesar de não terem promovido um maior crescimento vegetal.
Abstract: This study had as aim evaluate the inoculation of immobilized microorganisms at seedlings of fruit trees to verify interaction between encapsulating agents such as clay and alginate. The trial was carried out randomized design with five replicates at 3 x 2 factorial. The treatments were: control, inoculum, clay, clay plus inoculum, alginate and alginate plus microbial inoculum. The seedlings were kept at nursery conditions during three months. The analysis carried out at plants were shoot dry matter and root dry matter. The soil assessment were ammonium and nitrate content, dehydrogenase enzymatic activity, soluble phosphate, microbial biomass carbon bacteria total number. No treatment promoted the increase of plant height, diameter, shoot dry matter and root dry matter of the fruit trees compared to control. The encapsulating agents promoted significant effect at the ammonium and nitrate content at the carbon concentration and also at the bacteria total number at the araçá-boi seedlings. To mamey, manga and pitanga seedlings did not find significant changes. The results suggest that encapsulating agents used such as clay and alginate together with microorganisms or not might improve some soil parameters, even though, the plant growth had not been promoted.
Mestre
Cislaghi, Fabiane Picinin de Castro. "Soro de leite como agente encapsulante de Bifidobacterium BB-12 por spray drying." Florianópolis, 2012. http://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/100471.
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O soro de leite e o principal subproduto da industria lactea. Apesar do seu elevado valor nutricional, o aproveitamento do soro de leite ainda e pequeno. Novas alternativas para utilizacao do soro sao necessarias a fim de reduzir seu desperdicio e a poluicao ambiental causada quando nao descartado adequadamente. O objetivo deste estudo foi avaliar o potencial do soro de leite liquido como agente encapsulante de Bifidobacterium BB-12 por spray drying, comparando-o com a goma arabica, a qual e tradicionalmente utilizada na tecnologia de microencapsulacao. O rendimento da microencapsulacao e a viabilidade das microcapsulas durante o armazenamento foram determinados. Quando o soro de leite foi utilizado como agente encapsulante, o rendimento da microencapsulacao foi maior e a viabilidade das celulas manteve-se elevada e constante durante doze semanas. A caracterizacao das microcapsulas foi realizada atraves da determinacao da microestrutura, umidade, atividade de agua, tempo para dissolucao em agua e em oleo e a cor. As microcapsulas obtidas com ambos agentes encapsulantes apresentaram diametros em torno de 11 um e formato esferico, com a presenca de concavidades, tipicas de produtos atomizados. O conteudo de agua residual e a Aw obtidos estao dentro dos limites para produtos atomizados e tambem dentro do recomendado para garantir a estabilidade microbiologica. O tempo para dissolucao em oleo foi menor do que em agua tanto para as microcapsulas produzidas com goma arabica quanto para as produzidas com soro. As microcapsulas elaboradas com soro de leite apresentaram dissolucao mais rapida tanto em agua quanto em oleo quando comparadas as microcapsulas com goma arabica. Ambas as microcapsulas apresentaram coloracao clara, sendo observada tonalidade mais vermelha e amarela nas elaboradas com soro do que nas obtidas com goma arabica. Em um segundo momento, foi avaliada a sobrevivencia em condicoes gastrointestinais simuladas, a tolerancia ao NaCl e a viabilidade durante o armazenamento das microcapsulas obtidas com soro de leite. Foi observada uma pequena reducao na viabilidade de Bifidobacterium microencapsulada em pH baixo. Quanto a exposicao a bile, a microencapsulação com soro de leite não protegeu as células probióticas, no entanto, a viabilidade das microcápsulas permaneceu > 6 log UFC/g mesmo após 24 horas de incubação na maior concentração de bile estudada. A microencapsulação não teve influência na suscetibilidade da cultura ao sal. Quando as microcápsulas foram adicionadas em sobremesa láctea, a população do probiótico manteve-se acima de 7 log UFC/g por 6 semanas. O soro de leite apresentou-se como um eficiente agente encapsulante de Bifidobacterium por spray drying.
The whey is the main by-product of the dairy industry. Despite its high nutritional value, the use of the whey is still small. New alternatives of usage are required to reduce its waste and environmental pollution, which are caused if it is not disposed properly. The objective of this study was to evaluate the potential of liquid whey as the encapsulating agent Bifidobacterium BB-12 by spray drying, compared with arabic gum, which is typically used in microencapsulation technology. The microencapsulation yield and viability during storage were determined. When the whey was used as the encapsulating agent, the microencapsulation yield was higher, and cell viability remained high and steady for twelve weeks. The characterization of the microcapsules was performed by determining the microstructure, moisture, water activity, time for dissolution in water and in oil and by the color. The microcapsules obtained with both encapsulating agents had diameters of about 11 um and spherical shape, with the presence of dimples, which are typical in atomized product. The residual water content and Aw obtained are within the range for atomized products and also within the recommended range to ensure microbiological stability. The time for dissolution in oil was lower than in water, for the microcapsules made with gum arabic as much as for the ones which were produced with whey. Microcapsules prepared with whey had much more rapid dissolution in water and in oil, when compared to microcapsules with gum arabic. Both microcapsules showed clear color. It was observed more red and yellow shades in microcapsules made with whey than in those obtained with gum arabic. In a second step, it was evaluated the survival of microcapsules obtained with whey under simulated gastrointestinal conditions, their tolerance to NaCl and their viability during storage. The results showed a small decrease in the viability of microencapsulated Bifidobacterium at low pH. In relation to the exposure of Bifidobacterium to bile, microencapsulation with whey did not protect the probiotic cells; however, the viability of the microcapsules remained >6 log cfu/g, even after 24 h of incubation at the highest bile concentration analyzed. No growth was noted with either the free cells or the microencapsulated cells on MRS-LP with NaCl. The viability of the microcapsules stored at 4 °C remained high and constant for 12 weeks. When the microcapsules were added to a dairy dessert, the probiotic count remained above 7 log cfu/g for 6 weeks. The whey was shown to be an effective encapsulating agent of Bifidobacterium by spray drying.
Self, Lance P. L. "Object-Oriented Design of a Windows™ Based Automated Telemetry System." International Foundation for Telemetering, 1995. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/608405.
Full textThis paper illustrates a Windows computer application program which uses the object-oriented paradigm as a basis. The objective of the application program is to control the setup of equipment involved in routing a telemetry signal. This design uses abstract classes as high level building blocks from which site specific classes are derived. It is the next generation to the software portion of a system described by Eugene L. Law. The object-oriented design method, as presented by Grady Booch in his book Object-Oriented Analysis and Design with Applications, is the design tool.
Bastida, Ocampo Miguel Ángel. "Microencapsulación de aceite esencial de naranja empleando mezclas de polisacárido-proteína como agentes encapsulantes." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104754.
Full textEl objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer una metodología para desarrollar sistemas microencapsulantes del aceite esencial de naranja (AEN) empleando como agentes encapsulantes mezclas binarias de proteína-polisacárido como proteína de suero de leche y goma arábiga (WPC-GA) y proteína de chícharo con goma arábiga (PCH-GA), evaluando su funcionalidad como posibles agentes encapsulantes. La primera parte del trabajo consistió en la obtención de dos tipos de emulsiones del tipo aceite en agua utilizando proteína de suero de leche (WPC) y proteína de chícharo (PCH) en combinación con goma arábiga (GA) como agente emulsionante, y aceite esencial de naranja como material encapsulante con una fracción volumétrica dispersa ( O/W) de 0.08, con una relación de material de pared respecto al material encapsulado (Wa:Co) de 2:1 teniendo un contenido de sólidos totales de 23.9%. Se obtuvieron microcápsulas a partir de las emulsiones deshidratadas mediante la técnica de secado por aspersión. Estas microcápsulas fueron objeto de análisis de propiedades de calidad, se determinó el contenido de humedad (obteniendo 3.3% para las microcápsulas con WPC y 2.3% para las microcápsulas con PCH), ángulo de reposo (con un valor de 23.2° para los polvos con WPC y 21.5° para los polvos con PCH), densidad empacada (registrando 0.229 g/mL para la formulación con WPC y 0.34 g/mL para la formulación con PCH), densidad aparente (obteniendo un resultado de 0.206 g/mL para las microcápsulas con WPC y 0.253 g/mL para las microcápsulas con PCH), radio de Hausner (con un valor de 1.1 para WPC y 1.34 para PCH) y compresibilidad de Carr (obteniendo un valor de 10% para WPC y 25% para PCH); encontrando mejores resultados para el sistema con proteína animal. Se evaluaron las propiedades encapsulantes de las microcápsulas por medio de la eficiencia de encapsulamiento y su estabilidad oxidativa. Los resultados de la formación de peróxidos destacaron el hecho de que ambos polímeros son aptos para la protección de los aceites lábiles ante factores ambientales, retardando la oxidación del aceite y prolongando la vida útil de los microencapsulados a través del tiempo (ocho semanas). Sin embargo, la formulación compuesta con WPC tiene una mayor capacidad para retener la mezcla de aceites en el núcleo esto en base a una eficiencia de encapsulamiento mayor (88%) respecto a la eficiencia de encapsulamiento de la formulación compuesta con PCH (85.1%).
Perecin, Caio José. "Nanopartículas superparamagnéticas encapsuladas com polímeros para tratamento de câncer por hipertermia." Universidade de São Paulo, 2016. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/82/82131/tde-22062016-103823/.
Full textCancer is one of the greatest causes of mortality in Brazil and in the world, with growing potential for the next decades. A promising treatment alternative is magnetic hyperthermia, in which tumor cells die by the heat generated by magnetic nanoparticles after application of an alternate magnetic field in adequate frequencies. Such particles are also capable of acting as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging, a powerful method of diagnosis for the identification of neoplasic cells, which characterizes the combination of properties known as theranostics (therapy and diagnosis). In this work, iron oxide nanoparticles were synthesized by coprecipitation method with subsequent encapsulation by nano spray drying technique, aiming their application on cancer treatment by hyperthermia and on magnetic resonance imaging as a contrast agent. Polymeric matrices of Maltodextrin with Polysorbate 80, Pluronic F68, Eudragit® S100 and PCL with Pluronic F68 were employed for encapsulation, chosen carefully to create particles that disperse well in aqueous media and that are able to address the tumoral target after administration into the patient\'s body. Drying parameters of the Nano Spray Dryer equipment, such as temperature, dispersing medium and reagent concentrations, were evaluated. The generated particles were characterized by Scanning Electron Microscopy, X-Ray Diffraction, Thermogravimetric Analysis, Dynamic Light Scattering, Infrared Spectroscopy, by magnetism in matters of applied magnetic field and temperature, cytotoxic potential and heating potential. Such methods indicated that the coprecipitation method was able to produce magnetite nanoparticles with size of approximately 20 nm, superparamagnetic at room temperature and with no cytotoxic potential. The nano spray drying technique was efficient to produce particles with size of around 1 μm, biocompatible, superparamagnetic and with adequate magnetic properties for the intended applications. The sample OF-10/15-1P stands out with a saturation magnetization of 68.7 emu/g and presenting specific interactions with the tumour cells.
Steiner, Alexandra Duprates. "Aditivos naturais encapsulados em sílicas híbridas : aplicação em conservação de alimentos." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/129681.
Full textThe present work investigated needs of demanding and concerned consumers with their health, this work proposes a study of antimicrobial and/or antioxidant properties of natural extracts as anthocyanins, tannin, anatto, curcumin and olive leaf extracts and antioxidant for anthocyanins, in free state and encapsulated within silica network. Due to of color change features of anthocyanins extract under pH variation, this compound was used in the preparations of quitosan/PVA film as intelligent and active packaging. The extracts were encapsulated in silica in different concentrations from 2,5% to 50% using acid and basic sol-gel catalyzed route route with tetraetoxisilane as precursor and characterized as the funcionality preservation and molecular structure, texture and morfology and thermal estability. The films were evaluated in terms of mechanical properties, thickness, thermal analysis, chemical characterization and fish fillet tilápia (Tilápia rendali) crude color change analysis with direct application on meat, under refrigeration, correlated with fish pH changing and Total Bacterial Counting (CBT). The results were promising since among the free bioactive the anatto, tannin and anthocyanin showed very satisfactory results in terms of antimicrobial action with inhibition zone in the diffusion method between 10 to 22 mm. When encapsulated, the featured extracts were anthocyanin and tannin with inhibition between 9 to 21mm. The measured indicator film demonstrated to be a good pH indicator because color changing through colorimeter but to the naked eye the color changing was not clearly observed. The rupture strength increased about 20 times comparing to the control film. However the elongation at break decreases around 30% turning it hard.
Savi, Cássia Cristina. "Elaboração de sidra pelo método Champenoise utilizando leveduras livres e encapsuladas." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2014. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/130934.
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A produção comercial da maçã no Brasil tem pouco mais de 40 anos de tradição e ocupa a décima primeira posição mundial, com uma produção estimada de 1.395.478 toneladas no ano de 2012. A produção brasileira se concentra na Região Sul, sendo o Estado de Santa Catarina responsável por 59% da produção nacional as quais as principais variedades cultivadas são Fuji, Gala e seus clones. As maçãs desclassificadas ao consumo in natura apesar de apresentarem tamanho reduzido, formato inadequado e má distribuição de pigmentos, constituem uma matéria prima de qualidade, pois, suas características físico-químicas são idênticas às frutas selecionadas. Devido ao seu baixo valor comercial, há uma demanda para a utilização dessa matéria-prima na fabricação de produtos com maior valor agregado. Nesse contexto, a elaboração de sidra de alta qualidade é uma alternativa bastante interessante. Na Espanha a sidra é muito valorizada e quando produzida pelo método Champenoise, é protegida por Denominação de Origem de "Sidra de Astúrias". A levedura imobilizada é uma alternativa tecnológica que pode ser aplicada para facilitar a operação de "degola" das garrafas e eliminar a etapa de "remuage" reduzindo tempo e custos operacionais. O seu uso na produção de sidra é uma proposta pouco difundida no Brasil. O presente estudo propõe a elaboração de sidras de qualidade, pelo método Champenoise, a partir de maçãs industriais das variedades Joaquina, Sansa, Imperial Gala, Fred Hough, Imperatriz, Daiane, Condessa e Fuji. Os mostos das cultivares foram fermentados individualmente e, as respectivas bases divididas para comparação do uso de leveduras livres e imobilizadas (encapsuladas) na segunda fermentação. Foram realizadas análises físico-químicas dos mostos, fermentados base e das sidras. A avaliação sensorial das sidras foi realizada por uma equipe de 10 enólogos. Os resultados indicaram que as maçãs industriais são uma promissora alternativa para elaboração de um produto nobre e de qualidade superior, com destaque sensorial para sidra elaborada pela cv. Joaquina com leveduras encapsuladas. O emprego de leveduras imobilizadas, na segunda fermentação, permitiu eliminar a etapa de "remuage". Portanto, é uma proposta relevante para o desenvolvimento de estudos futuros. Enfim, este trabalho contribui para a estratégia da bioeconomia, no que se refere ao aumento sustentável da cadeia produtiva da maçã, por meio da agregação de valor a maçã destinada à industrialização.
Abstract : The commercial apple production in Brazil has a just over 40 years of tradition and takes the eleventh worldwide position, with an estimated production of 1,395.478 tons in 2012. The Brazilian production is concentrated in the South region, being the State of Santa Catarina responsible for 59% of national production; the main varieties grown are Fuji, Gala and its clones. Unclassified apples to the fresh market constitute a quality raw material, because its physicochemical properties are identical to those selected fruits, although having small size, an inappropriate shape and unequal distribution of pigment. Due to its low commercial value, there is demand for using of this raw material in the manufacture of products with higher added value. In this context, the cider elaboration is a very interesting alternative. For example, in Spain, the cider is highly valued and when produced by the Champenoise method, is protected by Denomination of Origin "Asturias Cider" The immobilized yeast is a technological alternative which can be applied to facilitate the operation of "sticking" of the bottle, as well, to eliminate the step of "remuage", with consequent reduction of time and operational costs. Its use in the cider production is not a widespread proposal in Brazil. This study proposes the development of quality ciders, by Champenoise method, from industrial apples of the varieties: Joaquina, Sansa, Imperial Gala, Fred Hough, Imperatriz, Daiane, Condessa and Fuji. The musts of cultivars were fermented individually and, the respective bases were divided to compare the use of free and immobilized yeast (encapsulated) in the second fermentation. Physicochemical analysis of musts, fermented base and ciders were performed. The sensorial evaluation of ciders was conducted by a team of 10 wine experts. The results indicated that the industrial apples are a promising alternative for the elaboration of a noble product of superior quality, with emphasis on sensorial cider cv. Joaquina elaborated with the yeast encapsulated. The use of immobilized yeast in the second fermentation, allowed to eliminate the step of "remuage". Therefore, it is a relevant proposal for the development of future studies. Finally, this work contributes to the bioeconomy strategy, as regards the sustainable increase of the apple productive chain, by adding value to the by-product destined to the industrialization.
Gomes, Lídia Carvalho. "Instabilidades estruturais e eletrônicas em nanofios de silício com metais encapsulados." Universidade Federal de Minas Gerais, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1843/IACO-8A8STU.
Full textO presente trabalho aborda nanofios de silício cuja estabilidade pode ser alcançada a partir do encapsulamento de metais de transição das séries 4d (Zr, Nb, Mo, Tc, Ru, Rh, Pd, Ag) e 5d (Hf, Ta, W, Re, Os, Ir, Pt, Au). É importante ressaltar que a estrutura utilizada como unidade fundamental para tais fios, que consiste de um prisma formado por duas faces hexagonais de silício com um metal de transição em seu centro, já foi sintetizada em trabalho experimental[1]. Os resultados já obtidos mostram a existência de dois mínimos de energia distintos, com geometrias que diferem pelo encadeamento das unidades hexagonais ao longo do fio, para alguns dos elementos encapsulados, tais como Nb, Mo, Tc, Hf, W, Re, Os, enquanto para os demais metais das séries 4d e 5d um só mínimo é obtido. Pela estrutura de bandas desses fios, observamos um comportamento metálico para todos os elementos. Porém, alguns deles (Zr, Nb, Ta, Re) mostraram sofrer instabilidade de Peierls, o que provoca aberturas de gap variando entre 0.03 eV (Ta) e 0.21 eV (Zr).
Peris, Sanchis Encarnación. "Preparación y caracterización de polímeros electroluminiscentes encapsulados en materiales nanoporosos inorgánicos." Doctoral thesis, Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10251/21053.
Full textPeris Sanchis, E. (2007). Preparación y caracterización de polímeros electroluminiscentes encapsulados en materiales nanoporosos inorgánicos [Tesis doctoral]. Editorial Universitat Politècnica de València. https://doi.org/10.4995/Thesis/10251/21053
Palancia
Chandrasekaran, Arvind. "Effect of encapsulant on high-temperature reliability of the gold wirebond-aluminum bondpad interface." College Park, Md. : University of Maryland, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/1903/281.
Full textThesis research directed by: Dept. of Mechanical Engineering. Title from t.p. of PDF. Includes bibliographical references. Published by UMI Dissertation Services, Ann Arbor, Mich. Also available in paper.
Muslim, Joko. "Study of dielectric liquids as alternative encapsulant for high temperature electronics power modules applications." Thesis, Université Grenoble Alpes (ComUE), 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019GREAT109.
Full textTodays, power electronics cover wide range of applications in our daily life, starting from household appliances, communications, transportation systems up to harsh and extreme environment as in oil and gas exploration and the deep space missions. The main deliveries of power electronics are energy efficiency, compact size, reliability, long durability. Improving power electronics will surely mean to deal with materials, the packaging system, switching technologies, heat dissipation, dielectric properties, thermal stability etc. It was since the first arc-mercury rectifying in traction system, and then reshaped by the discovery of classical semiconductor (Si based) and ultimately the wide bandgap semiconductor materials, such as SiC, GaN and carbon based (diamond). They have superior thermal and dielectric properties compared to previous classical semiconductor technologies (Ge, Si and GaAs), and allow devices to operate at higher voltage, temperature and switching frequency in power modules. Unfortunately, these developments are not equally followed by other parts within, such as encapsulant.Despite their key roles to provide mechanical and electrical protection inside a power module, silicone gel as major encapsulant is limited to 200°C, which is far below devices (e.g. SiC at 500°C). Encapsulant came from polymerization and curing process of silicone liquids mixture and transforms into gel. They worked very well when assembly with classical SC devices, but not with WBG SC. Thus, it is necessary to solve this thermal related issue by improving silicone gel or start looking for other type of encapsulant with better thermal performance such as dielectric liquid or gas.Dielectric liquids have been used as insulating medium for high voltage (HV) applications for decades. Their excellent self-healing and arc quenching properties were used in the HV circuit breaker applications even though nowadays replaced by gas. Their low viscosity allow the fluid flow to exchange heat from internal source yielding effective cooling system as in power transformers. Other industries use dielectric liquids as heat transfer liquid at much higher temperature range compare to those in HV applications. Of course as heat transfer liquids, their dielectric properties are out of considerations. Nevertheless, having this wide range of applications spectrum, dielectric liquids seem rather promising and potential as alternative encapsulant. Some questions then aroused such as how are their electrical properties at high temperature (HT) approx. 400°C, are their dielectric properties stable at HT and can they contribute to cooling of devices inside power module.This work presents the initial study of dielectric liquids for HT power electronics module applications. We demonstrated the electrical characterization of several dielectric liquids under influence of temperature such as dielectric spectroscopy and ion mobility measurement, partial discharge, streamers and breakdown. Interesting physical phenomena such as liquid motions due to EHD and natural thermal convection were observed during experiments. Comparison among liquids are showed to indicate the most convenient. In term of application, conditions were adapted and simplified to replicate as those in power module when we performed characterizations to actual ceramic substrates under quasi-uniform to highly divergent electric field with AC, DC and impulse voltage. Many fundamental behaviours of liquids have been confirmed and evidenced at HT range. Governing parameters for electrical properties such as breakdown, charge injection etc. were affirmed.While not all aspects of encapsulant requirement in term of HT are covered, this work has established essential basis for electrical properties of dielectric liquids. Further works are required to fully assess their compatibility as alternative encapsulant, such as thermal ageing process, cooling contribution, complete modelling, etc
Gilbert, Elodie. "Formulation et caractérisation de particules lipidiques submicroniques encapsulant des filtres ultraviolets organiques et inorganiques." Thesis, Lyon 1, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015LYO10324/document.
Full textSunscreens are topical formulations that protect the skin against damages induced by ultraviolet (UV) radiations and notably skin cancers formation. Those formulations contain organic and/or inorganic UV filters. Some organic UV filters are known to penetrate the skin and trigger allergic and photo-allergic cutaneous reactions. Moreover, some of them are responsible for toxic effects on skin nucleated cells and could reach systemic circulation. Nanoparticles of inorganic UV filters are often incorporated into sunscreens to improve their aesthetic qualities. Nanoparticles used as inorganic UV filters could exercise toxic effects on skin nucleated cells. Lipid nanoparticles and nanocapsules are submicronic lipid particles interesting to formulate pharmaceutical and cosmetic active compounds and notably UV filters. The aim of this work was to develop lipid nanoparticles to entrap organic and inorganic UV filters maintaining them at skin surface while increasing their photo-protection efficiency. This study permitted to develop lipid nanoparticle suspensions entrapping inorganic UV filters enhancing their photo-protection efficiency. This work also highlighted the interest of these lipid nanoparticle suspensions to entrap an organic UV filter avoiding its percutaneous permeation while enhancing its photo-protection efficiency
Bowman, Amy Catherine. "A selective encapsulation solution for packaging an optical micro electro mechanical system." Link to electronic thesis, 2002. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd-0108102-140953.
Full textKeywords: packaging; micro electro mechanical systems; MEMS; electronics; die warpage; die bow; encapsulant; encapsulate; electrochemical migration; corrosion; wirebonds. Includes bibliographical references (p. 94-99).
Contreras, Martínez Miriam. "Evaluación de las propiedades encapsulantes de ácidos grasos poli-insaturados microencapsulados en diferentes matrices proteínicas." Tesis de Licenciatura, Universidad Autónoma del Estado de México, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11799/104808.
Full textEl objetivo de este trabajo fue establecer una metodología para desarrollar sistemas microencapsulantes de mezclas de ácidos grasos poli-insaturados (Omega 3 y Omega-6) empleando como agentes encapsulantes matrices de origen animal (proteína de suero de leche) y de origen vegetal (proteína de chícharo), evaluando su funcionalidad como posibles agentes encapsulantes. La primera parte del trabajo consistió en la obtención de dos tipos de emulsiones del tipo aceite en agua utilizando proteína de suero de leche (PSL) y proteína de chícharo (PC) como agente emulsionante, y una mezcla de aceites esenciales de chía y ajonjolí como material encapsulante con una fracción volumétrica dispersa ( O/W) de 0.066, con una relación de material de pared respecto al material encapsulado (Wa:Co) de 2:1 teniendo un contenido de sólidos totales de 20%. Se obtuvieron microcápsulas a partir de las emulsiones deshidratadas mediante la técnica de secado por aspersión. Estas microcápsulas fueron objeto de análisis de propiedades de flujo, se determinó el contenido de humedad (obteniendo 3.64% para las microcápsulas con PSL y 5.14% para las microcápsulas con PC), ángulo de reposo (con un valor de 41.75° para los polvos con PSL y 50.07° para los polvos con PC), densidad empacada (registrando 0.322 g/mL para la formulación con PSL y 0.333 g/mL para la formulación con PC), densidad aparente (obteniendo un resultado de 0.268 g/mL para las microcápsulas con PSL y 0.278 g/mL para las microcápsulas con PC), radio de Hausner (con un valor de 1.2 en ambas formulaciones) y compresibilidad de Carr (obteniendo un valor de 16.66% en ambos casos); encontrando resultados homólogos a excepción de un mayor contenido de humedad y ángulo de reposo en las microcápsulas con PC. Se evaluaron las propiedades encapsulantes de las microcápsulas por medio de la eficiencia de encapsulamiento y su estabilidad oxidativa. Los resultados de la formación de peróxidos destacaron el hecho de que ambos polímeros son aptos para la protección de los aceites lábiles ante factores ambientales, retardando la oxidación de la mezcla de aceites y prolongando la vida útil de los microencapsulados de manera análoga a través del tiempo (seis semanas). Sin embargo, la formulación compuesta con PSL tiene una mayor capacidad para retener la mezcla de aceites en el núcleo esto en base a una eficiencia de encapsulamiento mayor (86.85%) respecto a la eficiencia de encapsulamiento de la formulación compuesta con PC (64.12%). Finalmente, se obtuvieron imágenes de la estructura externa de las microcápsulas de ambos sistemas, por medio de un análisis de microscopia electrónica de barrido (SEM, por sus siglas en inglés). Las microcápsulas con PSL tuvieron una morfología esférica y estructurada, mientras que las microcápsulas con PC fueron semiesféricas amorfas. A pesar de las características anteriormente descritas, se obtuvieron sistemas con microcápsulas semejantes, ya que no presentaron ruptura o aglomeración, lo cual ayudó a retardar fenómenos de difusión al interior y al exterior de las microcápsulas.
Lima, Janaina de Souza. "Imobilização de celulase em nanopartículas magnéticas encapsuladas em poli (metacrilato de metila)." reponame:Repositório Institucional da UFSC, 2016. https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/167937.
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As celulases têm sido amplamente empregadas em diversos segmentos industriais. Apesar das inúmeras vantagens, a aplicação dessas enzimas ainda é limitada devido ao seu elevado custo. A principal alternativa estudada para contornar esse problema é a imobilização em suportes sólidos. As nanopartículas magnéticas têm se mostrado uma excelente alternativa, pois apresentam propriedades ideais para imobilização de enzimas. As nanopartículas são facilmente oxidadas e tendem a se aglomerar ao longo do tempo. Assim, é necessário que as mesmas sejam revestidas para evitar contato com o meio reacional. O presente trabalho teve como objetivo estudar a imobilização da celulase em nanopartículas magnéticas encapsuladas em poli(metacrilato de metila). A caracterização das nanopartículas foi realizada por meio de análises de morfologia, diâmetro médio, comportamento magnético e decomposição térmica. As nanopartículas magnéticas encapsuladas apresentaram comportamento superparamagnético e diâmetro médio de 150 nm. Para concentração de 5% (v/v) de glutaraldeído e 100 mg/mL de enzima, foi obtido 49% de eficiência de imobilização, o que corresponde a 0,180 U/mL. Comparando com a enzima na forma livre, a celulase imobilizada apresentou a mesma faixa de pH ótimo, comportamento semelhante para a estabilidade térmica e ampliação da faixa ótima de temperatura. A capacidade de reuso foi testada e 69% da atividade enzimática inicial foi mantida após oito ciclos de uso. Os resultados de aplicação na hidrólise de bagaço de cana e biopolimento de fios de algodão comprovaram o elevado potencial de aplicação da celulase imobilizada. A metodologia de imobilização desenvolvida nesse trabalho se mostrou promissora e importante para a consolidação da tecnologia.
Abstract: Cellulases have been widely used in serious industrial process. Despite numerous advantages, the cellulase application is still limited due to its high cost. The main alternative studied to circumvent this problem is immobilization on solid supports. Magnetic nanoparticles have been shown excellent properties for enzymes immobilization. The nanoparticles are easily oxidized and tend to agglomerate in a long term. Thus, magnetic nanoparticles should be coated with materials that prevent their contact with the reaction medium. This study aimed to investigate the immobilization of cellulase on magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated in poly (methyl methacrylate). The characterization of these nanoparticles was performed by morphology, average diameter, magnetic behavior and thermal decomposition analysis. The magnetic nanoparticles encapsulated showed superparamagnetic behavior and average diameter of 150 nm. When 5% (v/v) of glutaraldehyde and 100 mg/mL of enzyme was applied, the immobilization efficiency reached 49%. This percentage corresponds to 0.18 U/mL. Compared to the free enzyme, immobilized cellulase showed the same range of optimum pH, similar behavior to the thermal stability and expansion of the optimal temperature range. The reuse capacity was tested and 69% of the initial enzyme activity was maintained after eight cycles of use. The application results in sugarcane bagasse hydrolysis and biopolishing of cotton yarn confirmed the high potential for application of immobilized cellulase. Immobilization methodology developed in this work was promising and important for the consolidation of this technology.
FARIAS, Thaísa Gabriela Silva de. "Viabilidade de Lactobacillus rhamnosus e Lactobacillus casei encapsulados em sorvete de cajá." Universidade Federal de Pernambuco, 2017. https://repositorio.ufpe.br/handle/123456789/25011.
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CAPES
O interesse crescente por uma vida mais saudável tem proporcionado o desenvolvimento de alimentos que forneçam benefícios à saúde, como os que contêm microrganismos probióticos. A técnica de microencapsulação pode oferecer às células probióticas proteção e isolamento das condições adversas do produto, aumentando sua sobrevivência em ambientes extremos, como o trato gastrintestinal. Desta forma, o presente estudo propôs-se a desenvolver microcápsulas de alginatoquitosana contendo Lactobacillus rhamnosus ASCC 290 e Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 para aplicação em sorvete de cajá. As cápsulas foram produzidas pelo método de extrusão, utilizando a matriz alginato de sódio e quitosana como revestimento adicional. O sorvete foi adquirido na forma liofilizada e reconstituído em laboratório, sendo dividido em quatro grupos: L. rhamnosus livres, L. rhamnosus encapsulados, L. casei livres e L. casei encapsulados. As amostras foram armazenadas a -18 °C e analisadas mensalmente durante 150 dias através de avaliações físico-químicas (pH e acidez titulável) e microbiológica (viabilidade celular). Foi realizada uma simulação gastrintestinal in vitro, utilizando solução ácida com pepsina e solução alcalina com sais biliares. Testes de aceitabilidade e intenção de compra foram aplicados ao sorvete contendo L. rhamnosus encapsulados. Com relação às células livres, o L. rhamnosus logo após o congelamento a -18 apresentou redução significativa (p < 0,05) da concentração inicial, com perda de 1,77 log UFC/g de sorvete. Nos meses seguintes, houve queda gradativa da viabilidade, contabilizando ao fim do experimento redução de 3,48 log. A espécie microencapsulada com alginatoquitosana não apresentou perda significativa (p > 0,05) após o congelamento a -18 °C, com diferença estatística apenas após 30 dias. O L. casei livre também sofreu redução significativa de 1,63 log UFC/g logo em seguida ao processo de congelamento. A cepa manteve-se a 10⁷ UFC/g até 150 dias de estocagem. Com redução de 1,49 log UFC/g ao final, as cápsulas promoveram a sobrevivência de 84,5% das cepas de L. casei. As espécies, tanto livres quanto encapsuladas, diferiram significativamente entre si nos tempos avaliados; o L. rhamnosus encapsulado conferiu maior viabilidade em relação ao L. casei, enquanto que na forma livre o L. casei apresentou menor perda celular comparado à outra espécie. Nenhum grupo causou alterações físico-químicas significativas no produto até 150 dias. Na simulação gastrintestinal, as células livres de L. rhamnosus apresentaram redução significativa de 2,04 log ainda na fase ácida. O L. casei livre decaiu 1 ciclo logarítmico a cada etapa gástrica, finalizando o teste intestinal com 6,31 ± 0,21 log UFC/mL. Com 118 voluntários, a análise sensorial apontou aceitabilidade de 7,58 ± 0,55, correspondendo a “gostei muito” e “gostei moderadamente”. Em relação à intenção de compra, os provadores atribuíram uma média de 3,94 ± 1,00, que significa que “provavelmente compraria” e “tenho dúvida se compraria” na escala. Os resultados obtidos demonstraram que microcápsulas otimizam a viabilidade celular no armazenamento congelado e nas condições gastrintestinais simuladas. A adição de 10% de cápsulas não interferem sensorialmente no sorvete probiótico.
The growing interest in a healthier life has provided the development of foods that offer health benefits, such as those containing probiotic microorganisms. The microencapsulation technique can provide protection and isolation from the adverse conditions to probiotic cells, increasing their survival in extreme environments such as gastrointestinal tract. Thus, the present study aimed to develop alginate-chitosan microcapsules containing Lactobacillus rhamnosus ASCC 290 and Lactobacillus casei ATCC 334 for application in yellow mombin ice cream. The capsules were produced by extrusion method, using as matrix sodium alginate and chitosan as additional coating. The ice cream was obtained in lyophilized form and reconstituted in laboratory, posteriorly divided into four groups: free L. rhamnosus, encapsulated L. rhamnosus, free L. casei and encapsulated L. casei. Samples were stored at -18 °C and analyzed monthly for 150 days by physico-chemical (pH and titratable acidity) and microbiological (cell viability) evaluations. In vitro gastrointestinal simulation was performed using acidic solution with pepsin and alkaline solution with bile salts. Acceptability and purchase intention tests were carried out in order to obtain information about the consumer's acceptance of the ice cream containing the capsules. In relation to the free cells, L. rhamnosus shortly after the slow freezing presented significant reduction (p < 0.05) from the initial concentration, with loss of 1.77 log CFU/g of ice cream. In following months, there was a gradual reduction of 3.48 log. The microencapsulated species with alginate-chitosan showed no significant loss (p > 0.05) after freezing at -18 °C, with statistical difference only after 30 days. Free L. casei also suffered a significant reduction (p < 0.05) of 1.63 log CFU/g soon after the freezing process. The strain was maintained at 10⁷ CFU/g for up to 150 days of storage. With a reduction of 1.49 log CFU/g at the end, the capsules promoted the survival of 84.5% of L. casei strains. The species, both free and encapsulated, differed significantly among themselves at the evaluated times. No group has caused significant physical-chemical changes in the product for up to 150 days. In gastrointestinal simulation, the free cells of L. rhamnosus presented significant reduction of 2.04 CFU/g in acid phase. Free L. casei declined 1 logarithmic cycle at each gastric stage, ending the intestinal test with 6.31 ± 0.21 log CFU/mL. with 118 volunteers, sensory analysis indicated acceptability of 7.58 ± 0.55, corresponding to “like very much” and “like moderately”. Regarding purchase intent, the tasters attributed an average of 3.94 ± 1.00, which means "probably would buy" and "might buy" on the scale. The results obtained demonstrated that microcapsules optimize the cell viability in the frozen storage and in the simulated gastrointestinal conditions. Addition of 10% capsules does not interfere sensorially in the probiotic ice cream.
Moura, Teresa Matos Lima Alves de. "Caracterização de compostos de EU encapsulados em ciclodextrinas para aplicação em OLED's." Master's thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/2640.
Full textComplexos de Európio apresentam um grande potencial como materiais luminescentes para serem utilizados na camada emissiva de LEDs orgânicos (OLEDs). Um dos problemas destes dispositivos baseados em compostos orgânicos é a sua estabilidade química e eléctrica, assim como a elevada reactividade à acção da humidade e oxigénio presentes na atmosfera. Uma das formas propostas para proteger os dispositivos é o encapsulamento molecular da camada orgânica emissiva. Neste trabalho procedeu-se à caracterização óptica de dois complexos diferentes de Európio (Eu(BTA)3 2H2O e Eu(BTA)3 Bipy), com e sem incorporação molecular numa ciclodextrina a TRIMEB. Esta incorporação tem como objectivo verificar se a TRIMEB é uma boa solução para o referido encapsulamento molecular. Com esta caracterização foi possível inferir acerca do sucesso deste encapsulamento por comparação directa entre os resultados das várias amostras. Verificou-se que nos complexos com TRIMEB, esta reduziu o capacidade de absorção de energia; criou caminhos alternativos no processo de transferência de energia até ao ião Ln e a perda da eficiência quântica interna é aumentada quando se aumenta a temperatura. Na caracterização dos dispositivos produzidos observou-se que a TRIMEB aumenta a tensão de arranque dos mesmos, assim como altera as propriedades espectrais da electroluminescência. Concluiu-se assim que, para os compostos estudados, a inclusão em TRIMEB não é uma boa solução para o encapsulamento molecular de um dispositivo OLED. ABSTRACT: Europium complexes presents as a highly luminescent solution currently available for emitting layers of Organic Light Emitting Devices (OLEDs). Such devices based on these organic compounds suffer from low electrical and chemical durability as well as being highly reactive to oxygen and humidity present in the surrounding atmosphere. A solution to this problem has been proposed by encapsulating the organic emissive layer. In the following work, two different organic complexes of Europium (Eu(BTA)3 2H2O e Eu(BTA)3 Bipy) have been characterized with and without using a molecular ciclodextrin TRIMEB. This molecular addition is therefore used to study its capabilities and performance as a molecular encapsulation solution. With the following characterization, it was possible to conclude about its implementation success by performing a direct comparison between samples with and without such molecular encapsulation. In the TRIMEB complexes, such encapsulation reduced the organic complexes absorption capabilities, creating alternative paths in the energy transfer process to the Lanthanide ion and a consequently drop in its quantum internal efficiency with a temperature increase. During the characterization of the produced luminescent devices, it was observed that TRIMEB increased the threshold voltage and caused several changes in its electroluminescent properties. Therefore, it was possible to conclude that for the proposed organic complexes studied, the inclusion in the TRIMEB ciclodextrin was not viable as an OLED molecular encapsulation solution.
Ogier, Stéphane. "Étude et optimisation de procédés d’encapsulation de cellules photovoltaïques." Thesis, Université de Lorraine, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017LORR0396/document.
Full textPhotovoltaic (PV) cells, for solar modules or panels, are protected from environmental stresses by polymeric encapsulants, which are mostly crosslinked elastomers. The optimization and the control of the encapsulation step have a twofold interest by increasing PV module lifetime and productivity, thus leading to a decrease of the cost of generated electricity. Two main directions have been investigated in this work: 1) The first one is related to the study of the crosslinking degree of the main industrial PV polyolefin encapsulant, EVA, which is a copolymer composed of ethylene and vinyl acetate, used currently in film form. Indeed, poor crosslinking level can lead to its creep, impacting directly the module lifetime. To overcome this problem, the quality control needs to be improved, by the evaluation of the crosslinking degree obtained while using the conventional encapsulation process (through lamination of encapsulant foils). Thus, the comparison of several methods to evaluate this degree are led ;2) The second direction concerns the study of a new encapsulation process. Indeed, the conventional lamination process potentially creates mechanical stresses in the PV cells, which as a consequence may limit the PV module lifetime. Moreover, lamination requires a relatively long processing time. To overcome this problem, the development of a new encapsulation process using a photopolymerizable encapsulant, initially liquid, decreases the production costs of PV modules and potentially increases their lifetime. The rheology properties and the polymerization kinetics of the new encapsulant are studied. At the end of the present work, both encapsulation processes are compared. Electrical performances of PV cells are measured before and after encapsulation as well as before and after ageing cycles. It has been revealed that the new encapsulation process presents at least as good, if not better performances than the standard process, thus highlighting its big potential for the manufacturing of PV modules
Ruther, Ricardo. "Crescimento e caracterização de monocristais do semicondutor GaSb pela técnica do líquido encapsulante no método Czochralski." reponame:Biblioteca Digital de Teses e Dissertações da UFRGS, 1991. http://hdl.handle.net/10183/140843.
Full textIn this work some of the stages of a process which leads to the production of GaSb semiconductor single crystals grown by the Czockralski technique utilizing a liquid encapsulant were developed (the process is called LEC Liquid Encapsulated Czochralski). The work consisted of four stages. In the first one, where the source materiais wer-e obtained, antimony (Sb) was puri fied by horizontal zone melting and the encapsulant, boric oxide (B2 O3), was obtained by dehydration 2 3 of boric acid (H l30 ). The second stage comprised the stoichiometric synthesis of the compound GaSb. The third stage consisted in the GaSb crystal growth (encapsulated and unencapsulated) in a 11 home-madell Czochralski growth apparatus, and in the final stage the obtained crystals were characterized by metallographic and chemical composition (Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy and Rutherford Backscattering Spectroscopy) analyses, as well as by X-ray diffraction (Laue's method) and electrical properties (electrical resistivity and Hall effect). Results were presented for seven crystals grown from pollycr-ystalline seeds. Those crystals were grown under diverse conditions: with the use of two distinct encapsulants (B O and the eutectic mixture NaCl-KCl) under N 2 3 2 atmosphere, and at an unencapsulated growth under H2 atmosphere. Rotation and pulling rates were around 30 RP1'1 and 20 mm/h respectively, and the crystals whose orientation was determined grew ln the <111> direction. Electrical properties of the crystals obtained were found to be in good agreement with results of other works, but the dislocation density was found to be excessively high.
Colling, Fabiano Alex. "Avaliação numérica do empenamento durante a fabricação de semicondutores encapsulados pela tecnologia POP." Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, 2014. http://www.repositorio.jesuita.org.br/handle/UNISINOS/3620.
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CAPES - Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior
CNPQ – Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Científico e Tecnológico
FAPERGS - Fundação de Amparo à Pesquisa do Estado do Rio Grande do Sul
FINEP - Financiadora de Estudos e Projetos
NUCMAT - Núcleo de Caracterização de Materiais
Programa de Bolsas de Estudo Talentos Tecnosinos
itt Chip - Instituto Tecnológico de Semicondutores da Unisinos
Hongik University da Coreia do Sul
Modelab - Laboratório de Modelagem Elétrica Térmica e Mecânica de Módulos e Encapsulamentos e Eletrônicos
O desenvolvimento de novas tecnologias de encapsulamento de semicondutores tem diminuído o tamanho das trilhas das placas de circuito impresso em busca da miniaturização. Esta diminuição está chegando ao limite possível de ser construído pelo fato de apresentar problemas, como aumento da resistência, ou por ruptura por eletromigração, além do aumento do custo para o controle de partículas nas salas limpas de fabricação. O Encapsulamento sobre Encapsulamento (Package on Package - PoP) surge como uma proposta de encapsulamento com empilhamento de chips finos para reduzir a ocupação do chip na placa. A diferença de propriedades térmicas e mecânicas dos diferentes materiais que compõem o chip encapsulado pode resultar no empenamento do componente. Neste trabalho, foi simulado o comportamento termomecânico de um dispositivo eletrônico encapsulado pela tecnologia Package on Package. Foi avaliado, do ponto de vista térmico e mecânico, quais são os fatores geradores do empenamento de semicondutores encapsulados com a tecnologia PoP recorrente no processo de moldagem. As condições e parâmetros de processo de fabricação foram estudados durante a fabricação de um protótipo de chip de 40 µm de espessura e moldado com um composto de epóxi do tipo 2 (Epoxy Molding Compound - EMC) realizado no Laboratório de Materiais do Departamento de Ciências dos Materiais e Engenharia da universidade Hongik da Coreia do Sul, parceira no projeto de pesquisa. Através das medições do empenamento, por interferometria de Moiré, realizadas no laboratório de testes da empresa Sul Coreana Hana Micron, foi possível construir correlações com a simulação computacional deste componente. Os resultados desta comparação foram utilizados como base para a validação da simulação e ajustes de dados de entrada utilizados em outras três espessuras diferentes de chip de silício (70, 100 e 200 µm) e dois tipos diferentes de EMC (EMC1 e EMC2). As condições e parâmetros de processo de fabricação, a influência no empenamento das diferentes espessuras e tipos de EMC dos componentes simulados foram avaliados. As simulações realizadas com variação no EMC em componentes com chip de 40 µm mostraram que o EMC do tipo 1 apresenta uma redução de 42,39% no empenamento na parte superior do componente (Top) maior em relação ao EMC do tipo 2. No Top, o substrato com chip de 100 µm, o empenamento foi reduzido em 36,62% e no de 200 µm a redução foi de 3,29%. Os resultados mostram a importância da simulação para prever a tendência do empenamento, quando existe a necessidade de muitas variações de parâmetros de processo de fabricação.
The development of new technologies of semiconductors packaging has reduced the size of the tracks of printed circuit boards in search of miniaturization. This reduction has been reaching its own possible limits (of construction) because it has several problems, such as increase of resistance, rupture by electromigration, in addition to the increase of costs of particles control in manufacturing cleanrooms. Package on Package (PoP) comes as a proposition for encapsulation with thin chips piling in order to reduce chip occupation on the board. The difference in thermal and mechanical properties of the different materials that make up the encapsulated chip may result in the warpage of the component. In this study, the thermomechanical behavior of an electronic device encapsulated by the Package on Package technology was simulated. From the thermal and mechanical point of view, it was evaluated what factors cause the warpage of the semiconductors encapsulated with the PoP technology, warpage which is recurrent in the molding process. The manufacturing process conditions and parameters were assessed/evaluated during the making of a 40μm-thick chip prototype which was molded with a type 2 Epoxi Molding Compound - EMC - in the Materials Laboratory of Hongik University Department of Materials Science and Engineering in South Korea, our partner in this research project. Through the warpage measurements, by Moiré interferometry carried out in South Korean Hana Micron's test laboratory, we managed to build correlations with the computing simulation of this component. The results of this comparison were used as base for validation of the simulation and for adjustment of input data used in three different thickness of silicon chips (70, 100 and 200 μm) and two different EMC (EMC1 and EMC2). The manufacturing process conditions and parameters, the influence in warpage of different thicknesses and simulated components EMC types were evaluated. The simulations carried out with EMC variation in components with 40μm chip demonstrated that type 1 EMC has a decrease in warpage of the upper part of the component (Top) 42.39 percent larger than type 2 EMC. On the Top, the substract plus chip with 100 μm thickness, the warpage was reduced in 36.62 percent, and in the 200 μm chip, the reduction was by 3.29 percent. The results show the importance of simulation to predict warpage tendency, when there is the need for many variations of manufacturing production parameters.
Troche, Karla Souza. "Estudo estrutural e eletrônico de fulerenos e diamondóides encapsulados em nanotubos de carbono." [s.n.], 2007. http://repositorio.unicamp.br/jspui/handle/REPOSIP/277610.
Full textTese (doutorado) - Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Instituto de Fisica Gleb Wataghin
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Resumo: Este trabalho apresenta o estudo teórico de nano-estruturas de carbono de interesse em nanociência. Ele envolve o estudo estrutural, eletrônico e mecânico de estruturas híbridas que são o resultado do encapsulamento de moléculas de carbono (em nosso caso: fulerenos e diamondóides) inseridas em nanotubos de carbono. Utilizando métodos clássicos de Dinâmica Molecular fizemos um estudo do ordenamento molecular dos fulerenos de simetria esférica como o C 60, fulerenos assimétricos C 70 e C78 e diamondóides. Para observar à dependência da ordenação molecular na simetria cilíndrica com o tamanho do nanotubo de carbono e simetria molecular da molécula inserida. Com simulações de dinâmica molecular investigamos as mudanças das propriedades mecânicas de nanotubos de carbono quando são preenchidos com moléculas de C60 e diamondoides. Previmos as mudanças no material e características promissoras das estruturas híbridas. Aplicamos o método Tight-binding baseado na teoria do funcional da densidade para determinar as propriedades eletrônicas dos novos híbridos Fulerenos@nanotubo de carbono. Previmos mudanças nas propriedades e potenciais aplicações em nanotecnologia
Abstract: This work presents a theoretical study of carbon nanostructures with great interest in nanoscience world. It is about the structural, electronic and mechanical study of hybrid structures that result from encapsulation of carbon molecules (fullerenes and diamondoids) introduced inside carbon nanotubes. Using classical methods of molecular dynamics we performed a study of molecular ordering of fullerenes with spherical geometry, C60, asymmetric fullerenes C70 and C78 and diamondoids. We observed dependence of the molecular ordering on cylindrical geometry with the carbon nanotube size and the geometry of the inserted molecule. Through molecular dynamics simulations, we investigated the change on mechanical properties of carbon nanotubes when filled with C60 molecules and diamondoids. We also predict changes on the material and promising characteristics of hybrid structures. We applied the Tight-binding method based on the theory of density functional to determine the electronic properties of the new hybrid fullerenes@carbon nanotube. We predict interesting properties and powerful applications on nanotechnology
Doutorado
Física da Matéria Condensada
Doutor em Ciências
Rico, Inês Casais e. Costa. "Desenvolvimento e otimização de lipossomas encapsulados com citotóxicos de elevada potência para imunoterapia." Master's thesis, Universidade de Lisboa, Faculdade de Medicina Veterinária, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10400.5/17334.
Full textO cancro é uma doença comum à Medicina Veterinária e Humana e é uma das principais causas de morte. Apesar das várias abordagens terapêuticas oncológicas existentes, a sua cura permanece como um desafio. No caso da quimioterapia, alguns dos motivos de insucesso prendem-se com: a toxicidade, a baixa eficácia e o desenvolvimento de resistências aos fármacos, apelando à investigação de novas abordagens terapêuticas que os superem. Os lipossomas, no âmbito da nanomedicina, têm sido investigados como transportadores de fármacos permitindo uma modulação da sua farmacocinética, do direcionamento para tecidos neoplásicos e redução dos efeitos secundários, apresentando, neste contexto, enorme potencial para a terapia oncológica. Deste modo, o presente estudo teve como objetivo o desenvolvimento e otimização de lipossomas para encapsulação de um fármaco citotóxico de elevada potência para imunoterapia. Para tal, foram avaliados os efeitos citotóxicos de sete iHADC – CI-994, panobinostat, SAHA, SBHA, scriptaid, trichostatin A e tubacina – tendo sido selecionado o panobinostat, com maior efeito citotóxico, para posterior encapsulação em lipossomas. Os efeitos citotóxicos do panobinostat lipossomal foram avaliados em linhas celulares de linfoma canino – CLBL-1 e 17-71 – e de glioblastoma humano – U87 – e comparados com os efeitos da doxorrubicina lipossomal. Foram ainda avaliados lipossomas associados a folatos como forma de direcionamento específico. Foram realizados três ensaios independentes para cada fármaco e em replicado para cada concentração. A viabilidade das células tratadas foi avaliada através do reagente alamarBlue® e os valores de IC50 calculados através de uma equação logarítmica no programa GraphPad Prism 6. Para análise estatística foi realizada uma ANOVA e teste de Tukey, através do programa R. Os resultados demonstraram atividade citotóxica dos iHDAC em CLBL-1 e 17-71, sendo capazes de induzir a acetilação de H3. Observou-se um maior efeito de citotoxicidade do panobinostat (IC50=20nM) que o da doxorrubicina (IC50=1050nM) com um valor de p<0,001. Os efeitos do panobinostat encapsulado (IC50=15nM) revelaram-se ser semelhantes ao do fármaco livre com um valor de p>0,05. Em U87, o panobinostat revelou ter também maior efeito citotóxico que a doxorrubicina. Os resultados obtidos sugerem que o panobinostat tem um grande efeito citotóxico em glioblastoma humano e linfoma canino. In vitro, o seu efeito citotóxico quando encapsulado em lipossomas sugeriu ser semelhante à formulação livre. Serão necessários estudos clínicos e translacionais para determinar a utilidade clínica e segurança do panobinostat lipossomal. No futuro, poderão ser acoplados anticorpos aos lipossomas para desenvolver um sistema de transporte de fármacos com grande potencial para Oncologia.
ABSTRACT - DEVELOPMENT AND OPTIMIZATION OF LIPOSOMES ENCAPSULATED WITH HIGH POWER CYTOTOXICS FOR IMMUNOTHERAPY - Cancer is a disease that occurs in both Veterinary and Human Medicine, and is one of the leading causes of death. Despite all the existing oncological therapeutic approaches, treatment remains challenging. Some reasons for chemotherapy failure rely on: drug toxicity, low therapeutic efficacy and chemotherapeutic resistance, appealing to the search of new therapeutic approaches to overcome them. In the field of nanomedicine, liposomes have been investigated as nanocarriers of cytotoxic drugs allowing modulation of their pharmacokinetics, target to neoplastic tissues and reduction of side effects. In this context, this drug delivery system has great potential to be applied in oncological therapy. Therefore, the aim of this study is the development and optimization of liposomes encapsulated with high power cytotoxics for immunotherapy. For this purpose, the cytotoxic effects of seven HDACi were evaluated – CI-994, panobinostat, SAHA, SBHA, scriptaid, trichostatin A and tubacin. Panobinostat, having shown the greatest cytotoxic effect, was selected to be further encapsulated in liposomes. Its cytotoxic effects were assessed in two canine lymphoma cell-lines – CLBL-1 and 17-71 – and a human glioblastoma cell-line – U87 – and compared to liposomal doxorubicin effect. The cytotoxic activity of liposomal panobinostat targeted to folate receptors was also assessed. Three independent experiments were carried out in different days to each drug and two replicate wells were used for each drug concentration. Viability of treated cells was measured using the alamarBlue® reagent. Best-fit IC50 values were calculated using the log (inhibitor) vs response (variable slope) function on GraphPad Prism 6. The data was statically analyzed using ANOVA and Tukey test in R version 3.5.0. (2018). Results demonstrated the cytotoxic effects of HDACi in CLBL-1 and 17-71, inducing H3 acetilation. Panobinostat (IC50=20nM) demonstrated greater cytotoxic effect comparing to doxorubicin (IC50=1050nM) with p<0,001. Liposomal panobinostat (IC50=15nM) has demonstrated similar cytotoxic effects to the free drug’s effects p>0,05. In U87 cell-line, panobinostat also showed greater cytotoxic effect than doxorubicin. The obtained results suggest panobinostat as a potent cytotoxic drug in human glioblastoma and canine lymphoma. In vitro, liposomal panobinostat cytotoxic effect revealed to be similar to the free drug’s effect. Translational and clinical studies will determine the clinical utility and safety of liposomal panobinostat. In the future, we hope to couple these novel nanoparticules to antibodies for the development of a potent drug delivery system to oncology.
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Mercado, Alicia. "Etude des transferts de petites molécules au travers des films comestibles encapsulant des substances actives (arômes)." Phd thesis, Université de Bourgogne, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00575633.
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