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Journal articles on the topic 'Enamelling'

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Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 27 January 2023

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1

Schöttler, Joachim, V. Flaxa, and Klaus Hulka. "Influence of Composition and Processing Conditions on Mechanical Properties and Fish-Scale Resistance of Microalloyed Steels for Double-Face Vitreous Enamelling." Materials Science Forum 500-501 (November 2005): 527–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.500-501.527.

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Hot- and cold-rolled steel sheets are the most important substrate materials for enamelling applications. Currently, industry is actively seeking ways to widen the area of application of hotrolled steel sheets for double-face enamelling. Another important task is search for new steel compositions that might substitute for currently used open-coil annealed, cold-rolled steel sheet for direct white enamelling applications. The purpose of this research project was the investigation of influence of chemical composition and processing conditions of several microalloyed steels on mechanical properties and fish-scale resistance of hot and cold rolled sheets. The results show that a high fish-scale resistance of the hot-rolled steel is achieved by creating a high volume fraction of fine precipitates (nitrides, carbides, carbonitrides, sulphides, etc.). By partial replacement of titanium with other carbide and nitride forming elements, such as niobium and/or boron, the suitability of cold-rolled IF steels for white direct-on enamelling can be remarkably improved without open-coil annealing. However, the processing conditions have to be tuned to ensure high fish-scale resistance without impairing formability.

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2

Dénes, Éva, Piroska Fülöp, Judit Gergely, Ferenc Menyhárt, Sándor Tóth, Gábor Buza, and Balázs Verő. "Replacement of Imported Drawn Tubes Built in Heat Exchangers by Longitudinal Seam Pipes Produced by DUNAFERR." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 337–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.337.

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Diverse technologies in domestic enamelling production for machining, cutting and joining process are applied. The experiments presented in this paper focused on the opportunities of replacement of the drawn tubes built in heat exchangers longitudinal seam pipes produced by DUNAFERR Co. Ltd. The steel grade which satisfies the requirement of two-side enamelling, formability and after-fire sag resistance has been investigated. It has been shown that the coldrolled DC 04 EK-B steel grades stand all demands needed and therefore are able to replace the imported drawn tubes presently used.

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3

Zhang, T., Y. Bao, and D. T. Gawne. "Process model of plasma enamelling." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 23, no. 7 (June 2003): 1019–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0955-2219(02)00235-2.

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4

Shalygina, Oksana, Lyuidmyla Bragina, and Mykola Kuryakin. "Powder Electrostatic Technology of Household Appliance Enamelling." Chemistry & Chemical Technology 6, no. 4 (December 20, 2012): 435–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.23939/chcht06.04.435.

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5

Muzykantova, Maria E., and Tatiana V. Lebedeva. "GEOMETRIC ORNAMENT IN JEWELLERY DESIGN WITH ARTISTIC ENAMELS." Technologies & Quality 53, no. 3 (October 28, 2021): 65–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2587-6147-2021-3-53-65-71.

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The paper reflects topicality of the use of geometric ornaments in the design of jewellery. The stepwise process of constructing a geometric girih ornament in a 3D modelling program is illustrated in detail on the example of a twelve-fold star rosette, as well as obtaining a three-dimensional product from a linear ornament in cloisonne and stained-glass enamelling techniques. The variants of ornamental compositions of different shapes and complexity obtained from a simple ornamental module are demonstrated. Variants of filling geometric rosettes with enamels of various colours are proposed. The visualisation of jewellery with geometric ornaments is presented. This technique allows significantly expanding the design possibilities of jewellery made in the techniques of cloisonne and stained-glass enamelling.

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6

Bragina, L., O. Shalygina, N. Kuryakin, V. Annenkov, N. Guzenko, K. Kupriyanenko, V. Hudyakov, and A. Landik. "Powder electrostatic enamelling of household appliances." IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering 25 (December 2, 2011): 012012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1757-899x/25/1/012012.

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7

Nisar, A., M. J. J. Schmidt, M. A. Sheikh, and L. Li. "Finite element analysis for the prediction and optimization of residual stresses caused by laser enamelling." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part B: Journal of Engineering Manufacture 217, no. 8 (August 1, 2003): 1085–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/095440540321700806.

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Rapid laser enamelling is applied for sealing ceramic tile grouts. In order to understand the mechanics of microcracks developed and long-term stability of the enamel glaze, finite element analysis of the thermomechanical characteristics is carried out. In the thermal stress analysis, the temperature field is used as a boundary condition to calculate mechanical effects on the material due to thermal strains. A thermoisotropic material model has been defined for five different materials involved in the process. To validate the theoretical predictions, experiments are conducted by the measurements of strain on the ceramic tile surface during laser enamelling with the help of strain gauges. Residual stresses are also determined on the ceramic tile surface with the X-ray diffraction method. The theoretical predictions of the residual stresses are in close agreement with experimental results.

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8

Lebedeva, Tat’yana V., and Sergey I. Galanin. "DECORATING ENAMEL INSERTS WITH ENAMEL GRANULATION." Technologies & Quality 52, no. 2 (July 2, 2021): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.34216/2587-6147-2021-2-52-62-67.

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The results of an experimental study of the combined enamelling technique are presented – enamel with enamel granulation. Original enamel inserts, decorated with enamel granules of various colours and sizes, were obtained, the use of which expands the possibilities of decorative enamelling. It is shown that different degrees of fusion of the enamel grain on the prepared base gives different artistic effects. Spherical grains, qualitatively adhered to the enamel ground, give a more explicit, spectacular relief; focus on specific elements of the pictorial composition. Melted hemispherical grains give a light texture to the composition, support and complement the enamel painting. Recommendations are given on the formation of granulation, preparation of enamel soil, drawing of details, firing temperatures of enamels to obtain high-quality granulation and colourful artistic composition, as well as other technological and design aspects of the decorating process.

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9

Pauksh, P. G. "Some problems with enamelling cast-iron articles." Glass and Ceramics 49, no. 5 (May 1992): 241–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00676942.

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10

Obolentsev, F. D., E. I. Litvinova, and O. Ya Savchenko. "Effectiveness of using composition casting for enamelling." Glass and Ceramics 46, no. 10 (October 1989): 402–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00678946.

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11

Kovalevskii, V. B. "Designing induction heaters (inductors) for enamelling tubes." Glass and Ceramics 44, no. 5 (May 1987): 198–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00699389.

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12

Rumyantseva, Olga S., Irina A. Saprykina, and Anna N. Belitskaya. "Manufacturing complex of the Abidnya settlement of the late Roman time: first results of the interdisciplinary research." Journal of the Belarusian State University. History, no. 2 (May 10, 2022): 73–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.33581/2520-6338-2022-2-73-94.

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The Abidnya settlement of the Kievskaya archaeological culture, located in the Mogilev Region of Belarus, was earlier considered as a manufacturing centre for the Eastern European enamelled objects. An interdisciplinary research of the evidence for the production metal objects has been carried out in the course of our project. It has included the morphological analysis of the crucibles; the study of the chemical composition of their surface and content with the portable X-ray fluorescence analysis and scanning electron microscopy with energy dispersive spectroscopy; the surface distribution of the finds, which could be related to the industrial complex – crucibles, smelting landles, casting moulds, beads of red opaque glass – possible raw materials for enamelling, production wastes etc. According to the results of our study, the evidence for the enamelling cannot be attested on the site. All the studied finds are related to the melting (remelting) and casting of the copper-based alloys, containing zinc, tin, lead. Brass, bronze and multicomponent copper alloys could have been among them.

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13

Matsuki, Yasuhiro, Tadashi Inoue, Yoshihiro Hosoya, Kenji Tahara, and Yasuhide Ishiguro. "Development of Cr Added High Oxygen Enamelling Steel." Materia Japan 37, no. 5 (1998): 406–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.2320/materia.37.406.

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14

Buckton, David. "The Holy Crown in the history of enamelling." Acta Historiae Artium 43, no. 1 (March 1, 2002): 14–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1556/ahista.43.2002.1-4.2.

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15

Akhter, R., L. Li, R. E. Edwards, and A. W. Gale. "Porosity/bubble formation mechanism in laser surface enamelling." Applied Surface Science 208-209 (March 2003): 447–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(02)01431-9.

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16

Akhter, R., L. Li, R. E. Edwards, and A. W. Gale. "Rapid laser surface enamelling by powder feeding technique." Applied Surface Science 208-209 (March 2003): 453–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0169-4332(02)01432-0.

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17

Misra, P. "Some Improvements in the Design of Enamelling Furnace." Transactions of the Indian Ceramic Society 44, no. 5 (January 1985): 117–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/0371750x.1985.10822757.

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18

Schouller, P., and J. Hernández. "New development of hot rolled steel for enamelling." Revue de Métallurgie 101, no. 6 (June 2004): 495–504. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/metal:2004193.

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19

Valentini, R., A. Solina, L. Paganini, and P. DeGregorio. "Model of hydrogen behaviour in enamelling grade steels." Journal of Materials Science 27, no. 24 (1992): 6579–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01165939.

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20

Valentini, R., A. Solina, L. Paganini, and P. DeGregorio. "Model of hydrogen behaviour in enamelling grade steels." Journal of Materials Science 27, no. 24 (1992): 6583–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01165940.

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21

Bidermanis, L. K., Ya P. Liepin'sh, A. A. Sirotinskii, Yu V. Nikitin, and A. N. Yurchenko. "Some aspects of the enamelling process of steel pipes." Glass and Ceramics 46, no. 11 (November 1989): 444–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00677583.

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22

Kovalevskii, V. B. "Optimizing induction heating of tubes during the enamelling operation." Glass and Ceramics 44, no. 7 (July 1987): 282–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00703418.

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23

Cauter, An Van, Franz Hörzenberger, and Bruno C. De Cooman. "Relation between formability and precipitates in Ti-IF enamelling steels." Steel Research 70, no. 11 (November 1999): 441–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.199905664.

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24

Bleck, Wolfgang, and Roman Diederichs. "Effects on the cementite distribution in low carbon enamelling steels." Steel Research 73, no. 9 (September 2002): 385–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200200004.

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25

Muruzábal del Solar, José M. ª. "Félix Artieda, esmaltista." Príncipe de Viana LXXX, no. 274 (January 30, 2020): 653–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.35462/pv.274.2.

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ABSTRACT This article familiarises us with the life and artistic work of the Pamplona-born enamellist Félix Artieda (1900-1974). Trained in the tradition of a workshop which constructed, gilded and polychromed altarpieces, he studied in Pamplona with Javier Ciga and then at San Fernando in Madrid. He learnt the art of enamelling under Dr Victoriano Juaristi and at the Massana School in Barcelona. Most of his production is from the 1930s, when he worked, above all, using the champlevé technique. The themes of most of his works are religious, imitating medieval motifs, and from Basque folklore. Together with the above, a catalogue of twenty works in enamel by the artist, most of them previously unseen, is also presented. Keywords: enamel; artist; Navarre; 20th century. RESUMEN El presente artículo nos acercará el periplo vital y la producción estética, dentro del esmalte artístico, del autor pamplonés Félix Artieda (1900-1974). Este autor, formado en la tradición de un taller de construcción, dorado y policromado de retablos, estudió en Pamplona con Javier Ciga y en San Fernando de Madrid. La técnica del esmalte la aprendió con el doctor Victoriano Juaristi y en la Escuela Massana de Barcelona. La mayor parte de su producción se da en los años treinta, trabajando básicamente el esmalte campeado o champlevé. Sus obras son de temática religiosa, imitando motivos medievales, y temas etnográficos vascos principalmente. Se aporta, junto a lo anterior, un catálogo de veinte obras ejecutas al esmalte por el autor, la mayoría de ellas inéditas. Palabras clave: esmalte; artista; Navarra; siglo xx.

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26

Simonis, F., A. J. Faber, and C. J. Hoogendoorn. "Porcelain Enamelled Absorbers, Coated by Spectral Selective Tin Oxide." Journal of Solar Energy Engineering 109, no. 1 (February 1, 1987): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.3268171.

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The use of porcelain enamelled absorbers in flat plate collectors features longevity thanks to the durability and thermal stability of the enamel finish. The porcelain enamel can be made spectral selective by coating with doped tin oxide or indium oxide. The application procedure involves an enamelling step followed by a pyrosol process with tin or indium compounds. The optical properties of tin oxide coated enamel yield values of 0.90–0.92 absorptance and 0.13–0.18 hemispherical emittance. The temperature dependence of the emittance is very small. The thermal stability has been proved up to 400°C in air.

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27

Fauszt, Anna, Balázs Verő, and Éva Dénes. "Thermogravimetric and Metallographic Investigation of the Oxidation of Steels for Enamelling." Materials Science Forum 473-474 (January 2005): 195–200. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.473-474.195.

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28

Colomban, Philippe, Aurélie Tournié, Maria Cristina Caggiani, and Céline Paris. "Pigments and enamelling/gilding technology of Mamluk mosque lamps and bottle." Journal of Raman Spectroscopy 43, no. 12 (July 17, 2012): 1975–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/jrs.4101.

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29

Novakova, Iva, and Jaromir Moravec. "INFLUENCE OF THE PRESSURE TANKS REPEATED ENAMELLING ON THE BASIC MATERIAL DEGRADATION." MM Science Journal 2016, no. 03 (September 7, 2016): 977–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.17973/mmsj.2016_09_201646.

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30

Noël, D., C. P. Vijayan, J. J. Hechler, R. Matthieu, and P. Hastings. "Hydrogen Diffusion in Aluminium-Killed 1006 Steel and its Effect on Enamelling*." Zeitschrift für Physikalische Chemie 147, no. 1_2 (January 1986): 289–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1524/zpch.1986.147.1_2.289a.

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31

Lazutkina, O. R., A. K. Kazak, A. A. Temereva, and S. O. Nedopolz. "Prospects of using diatomite material from the Sverdlovsk Region in enamelling production." Glass and Ceramics 63, no. 3-4 (March 2006): 97–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10717-006-0048-2.

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32

Litvin, Yu N., and S. S. Barashkov. "Problems of optimizing the technology of powder enamelling of steel ware (review)." Glass and Ceramics 46, no. 10 (October 1989): 398–401. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00678945.

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33

den Hartog, J. "Advantages of dark radiation technology – rapid enamelling and energy saving for coatings." Transactions of the IMF 91, no. 6 (November 2013): 298–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1179/0020296713z.000000000146.

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34

Kazak, A. K., and V. V. Didenko. "Development of High-Temperature Nanostructured Silicate-Enamel Coatings for Enamelling Engineering Metalware." Metallurgist 59, no. 11-12 (March 2016): 1125–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11015-016-0226-6.

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35

Chamón, J., P. C. Gutierrez, J. Barrio, A. Climent-Font, and M. Arroyo. "Study of medieval enamelling on gilded objects combining SEM-EDAX and PIXE." Applied Physics A 99, no. 2 (March 26, 2010): 377–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00339-010-5634-z.

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36

Cannillo, V., and A. Sola. "Different approaches to produce coatings with bioactive glasses: Enamelling vs plasma spraying." Journal of the European Ceramic Society 30, no. 10 (August 2010): 2031–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jeurceramsoc.2010.04.021.

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37

Freestone, I. C. "The relationship between enamelling on ceramics and on glass in the Islamic world." Archaeometry 44, no. 2 (May 2002): 251–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/1475-4754.t01-1-00057.

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38

Tolleneer, Isabelle, Chris Rasschaert, Franz Hörzenberger, Bruno C. De Cooman, and Jan Penning. "Investigation of titanium oxides as hydrogen traps in Ti-IF steels for enamelling." Steel Research 72, no. 4 (April 2001): 153–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/srin.200100100.

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39

O’Flynn, Kevin P., and Kenneth T. Stanton. "Optimisation of the enamelling of an apatite–mullite glass–ceramic coating on Ti6Al4V." Journal of Materials Science: Materials in Medicine 22, no. 9 (July 20, 2011): 2035–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10856-011-4392-6.

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40

Cherry, John. "The enamelled baldric of Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray (c 1280–1332)." Proceedings of the Society of Antiquaries of Scotland 150 (November 30, 2021): 49–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.9750/psas.150.1302.

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The baldric of Thomas Randolph, 1st Earl of Moray (died 1332), a companion in arms of King Robert I, was made in the first half of the 14th century and taken to England before 1604, since which time it has been attached to the Savernake horn, now in the British Museum. It is elaborately decorated with champlevé and translucent enamel, and bears the arms of argent three cushions gules within a royal tressure, which were adopted by Thomas Randolph after he was created Earl of Moray in 1312. The baldric shows Scottish heraldry and ownership, and so appears to be an example of Scottish enamelling. This article examines both the enamel decoration and the life of Thomas Randolph and suggests that there is a greater probability that it was made in France, possibly Paris or Avignon, rather than Scotland.

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41

Dénes, Éva, Attila Lajos Tóth, and Fábián Enikő-Réka. "Qualitative and Quantitative Analysis of Boron Content Precipitates by FEG-SEM and EDS Methods." Materials Science Forum 659 (September 2010): 295–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.659.295.

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The effect of the boron in steels is widely known as an element enhancing hardenability, but its role can also be related to the enamelability of steels. While the improvement of the hardenability is due to the solute boron, in the case of enameling grade steels the boron should be kept in form of precipitates 1. The hydrogen accumulated during processing and enameling diffuses to the metal/enamel interface and lead to the formation of the so called fish-scale failure. To prevent this it is needed an adequate type, number and dimension of precipitates which act as hydrogen traps hinder the free diffusion of the hydrogen in steel. The paper deals with the possibilities of investigation by scanning electron microscopy of the boron containing precipitates in the low carbon Al-killed steels apt for two side enamelling.

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42

Enikő-Réka, Fábián. "Cold Deformation Effect on Microstructure and on the Hydrogen Permeability of Low Carbon Al-Killed Steels." Materials Science Forum 659 (September 2010): 7–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.659.7.

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The cold rolling effect on the hydrogen permeability (TH value) and on the microstructure have been studied on samples prepared from Al-killed low carbon steel sheets after several cold rolling levels. The TH values of the hot rolled strips were very short, but due to the cold rolling increase exponentially. The fragmentation of large cementite phase has a significant influence on the evolution of texture during the cold rolling process. The cold deformation effects on the TH value were studied on four annealed enamelling grade steel sheets also. Depending on the carbides sizes and carbides position in ferrite grains after annealing the TH values increase or decrease after low deformation degrees, due to the steel texture modification and dislocation character. Dislocations act as major tripping site for hydrogen, if deformation degree is higher than 30%.

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43

Lawrence, J., and L. Li. "Carbon steel wettability characteristics enhancement for improved enamelling using a 1.2kW high power diode laser." Optics and Lasers in Engineering 32, no. 4 (October 1999): 353–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0143-8166(00)00007-5.

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44

Pavón, J., M. Caillate, Emilio Jiménez-Piqué, Marc Anglada, S. López-Esteban, Eduardo Saiz, and Antoni P. Tomsia. "Micro-Structural Characterization and Stress-Corrosion Cracking Behavior of a FGM Glass-Based Coating on Ti6Al4V for Biomedical Applications." Materials Science Forum 492-493 (August 2005): 229–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.492-493.229.

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Microstructural and stress-corrosion cracking characterization of two glass-based coatings on Ti6Al4V with different SiO2 content (61% and 64% of SiO2) have been investigated in this work. These coatings belong to the SiO2-CaO-MgO-Na2O-K2O-P2O5 system and were obtained using a simple enamelling technique. They will be used as the first layer of the bioactive FGM coating. Microstructural characterization performed in the coatings by SEM shows the separation of the sintered glass particles after acid etching. The XRD integration method shows that the percentage of the crystalline phase (2.4CaO•0.6Na2O•P2O5) due to the partial devitrification is between 3-16 % vol. Mechanical characterization was made using Vickers and Hertzian indentation. Both coatings were sensitive to Vickers indentation subcritical crack growth with longer crack lengths for the smaller SiO2 content. This coating was also more sensitive to stress-corrosion “ring” cracking by Hertzian indentation. These two results are related with the larger residual stresses due to the thermal expansion mismatch.

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45

Lawrence, J., and L. Li. "The enamelling of concrete for improved performance characteristics by means of high power diode laser interaction." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 138, no. 1-3 (July 2003): 551–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(03)00145-6.

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46

Jasminská, Natália, Tomáš Brestovič, and Michal Puškár. "Analytical and Numerical Proposal for Designing Plastic Vessels." Applied Mechanics and Materials 611 (August 2014): 227–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.611.227.

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The article in question concerns the proposal of a pressure vessel for a water heater made of plastic materials. At present, new materials and technologies are coming to the fore where the product price, above all, plays an important role, taking into account the relevant physical and strength properties. The pressure vessels of larger volume (more than 10 litres) water heaters are only manufactured using steel materials under European Union conditions. The proposal considers the use of an alternative material, namely plastic. By optimising the proposal – by the use of plastic materials – it would be possible to achieve a financial economy, since plastic is a good thermal insulating material and does not require enamelling or the use of a cathode protection. There are plastics available on the market which meet the requirements of heat resistance and have a relatively high tensile strength. One of these proposed materials is Noryl GFN1630V which contains 30 % of glass fibre and was chosen as the optimal material. By making strength calculations in the ANSYS programme, water heater pressure vessels were proposed.

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47

Britchi, Iulia Mirela, Mircea Olteanu, Niculae Ene, and Niculae Stanica. "Biovitroceramic Coatings on Modified Surface of 316L Austenitic Stainless Steel." Journal of Biomimetics, Biomaterials and Tissue Engineering 13 (July 2012): 19–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/jbbte.13.19.

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Austenitic stainless steel 316L is widely used in implantology due to its biocompatibility, a lower price than titanium and because can be easily mechanically machined. The drawback is due to the fact that toxic nickel and chromium ions are released into human body fluids. Our proposal is to coat 316L austenitic stainless steel with biovitroceramic layers made of oxide system SiO2, B2O3, Na2O, CaO, TiO2, P2O5, K2O, Li2O and MgO by means of an enamelling procedure in order to hinder the release of Ni and Cr ions from the metallic implant surface toward the tissue around the implant. In order to achieve a firm adherence of biovitroceramic layer onto the metal, with an optimal composition for biocompatibility and bioactivity, we have modified the steel surface by a titanizing thermochemical treatment. The adherence of the biovitroceramic layer to the 316L stainless steel with modified surface is very good. The biovitroceramic coating - metallic substrate couple was studied by optical microscopy, electron microscopy (SEM and EDAX), X-ray diffraction analysis and microhardness trials.

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48

VAST, P. "Bonding between metals and multicomponent phosphate based ceramic - glass. Application to the enamelling of nickel and titanium." Le Journal de Physique IV 03, no. C7 (November 1993): C7–1383—C7–1388. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/jp4:19937211.

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49

Britchi, Iulia Mirela, Mircea Olteanu, and Niculae Ene. "Factors that Influence the Adherence of Biovitroceramic Coatings on Titanium." Advanced Materials Research 23 (October 2007): 217–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.23.217.

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Abstract:

In order to manufacture ceramic coatings on metallic substrates with medical applicability, a compromise has to be made between adherence, mechanical resistance and bioactivity. Biovitroceramic layers to satisfy all these requirements are extremely difficulty to develop. The goal of this contribution is to employ a simple technique like enamelling for making biocompatible and bioactive coatings with improved mechanical properties and very good adherence onto metallic substrates made of titanium samples. One important factor for a good adherence is the value of the thermal expansion coefficient of the ceramic coating to be closed to that of the metallic substrate. Once this achieved by establishing an adequate ceramic composition, there remain other factors that contribute to a good adherence such as metallic surface pretreatment. The surface was processed by Al2O3 powder (125 'm) blasting, degreased with acetone in an ultrasonic device and immersion in phosphoric acid. The (Na2O-K2O-Li2O-CaO-MgO-SiO2- B2O3-TiO2-P2O5) biovitroceramic coating – titanium interface was examined by means of optical microscopy and electronic microscopy. The coating adherence to the metallic substrate was evaluated qualitatively by Vickers microhardness tests at the interface.

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50

Fábián, Enikö Réka, and László Dévényi. "Hydrogen in the Plastic Deformed Steel." Materials Science Forum 537-538 (February 2007): 33–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.537-538.33.

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Abstract:

The solubility of hydrogen in iron and steels are affected by temperature and crystal structure. At lower temperatures (below about 400°C), the excess hydrogen, beyond that which is soluble (and therefore dissolved) interstitially, is retained in the steel in other sites commonly referred to as ”traps”. At room temperature, the dissolved hydrogen may be only a small fraction of the total hydrogen content. The movement of hydrogen in steel occurs by the migration of atoms through the lattice. The hydrogen diffusion takes place with interstitial mechanism. Trapping enhances the solubility of hydrogen but decreases the diffusivity. In practice hydrogen transmissibility is characterized by TH value. We have studied the effect of the cold rolling on the TH value for Al-killed low carbon enamelling-grade steel sheets. The microstructures of the samples were formed from ferrite, carbides and some non-metallic inclusions. Reducing the thickness of the steel sheets by cold rolling in carbides appears ruptures, microcavities, and the dislocation density increases in ferrite grains. Cold work increases the hydrogen permeation time. The average of TH values after hot rolling was 0.6; after about 72 % thickness reductions by cold rolling the average TH values was 101.4.

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