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1
United States. Government Accountability Office. Chemical regulation: Comparison of U.S. and recently enacted European Union approaches to protect against the risks of toxic chemicals : report to Congressional requesters. Washington, D.C: United States Government Accountability Office, 2007.
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Office, General Accounting. [ Impoundments, historical information and statistics on proposed and enacted rescissions, fical years 1974-1995]. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1996.
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Appiah, Frank. Procurement Agent: Leelus Programming (Object Enacted Language). Uk: Open Library, 2020.
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[Proposed and enacted rescissions]: [updated rescission statistics to the Congress]. Washington, D.C: The Office, 1993.
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Kukla, Quill R. City Living. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190855369.001.0001.
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This book is about urban spaces, urban dwellers, and how these spaces and people make, shape, and change one another. It is the first systematic philosophical investigation of the nature of city life and city dwellers. It draws on empirical and ethnographic work in geography, anthropology, urban planning, and several other disciplines in order to explore the impact that cities have on their dwellers and that dwellers have on their cities. It begins with a philosophical exploration of spatially embodied agency and of the specific forms of agency and spatiality that are distinctive of city living. It explores how gentrification is enacted and experienced at the level of embodied agency, arguing that gentrifying spaces are contested territories that shape and are shaped by their dwellers. The book then moves to an exploration of repurposed cities, which are cities materially designed to support one sociopolitical order but in which that order collapsed, leaving new dwellers to use the space in new ways. Through a detailed original ethnography of the repurposed cities of Berlin and Johannesburg, the book makes the case that in repurposed cities, we can see vividly how material spaces shape and constrain the agency and experience of dwellers, while dwellers creatively shape the spaces they inhabit in accordance with their needs. The book ends with a reconsideration of the right to the city, asking what would be involved in creating a city that enabled the agency and flourishing of all its diverse inhabitants.
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Aradau, Claudia. Articulations of Sovereignty. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acrefore/9780190846626.013.375.
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Sovereignty has been variously understood as the given principle of international relations, an institution, a social construct, a performative discourse subject to historical transformation, or a particular practice of power. The “articulations” of sovereignty refer to sovereignty as a practice that is worked on and in turn works with and against other practices. Alongside territory and supreme authority, sovereignty is characterized by the capacity to make and enforce laws. Sovereignty has also been defined in opposition to rights, as the spatiotemporal limits it instantiates are also the limits of rights. Another conceptualization of sovereignty has been revived in international relations, partly in response to the question of exclusions and limits that sovereign practices enacted. In addition, sovereignty is not inextricably tied up with the state but is articulated with heterogeneous and contradictory discourses and practices that create meaning about the international, and has consequences for the kind of community, politics, and agency that are possible. There are three effects of the logic of sovereignty in the international system: the ordering of the domestic and the international, the spatio-temporal limits to politics, and the exclusions from agency. In addition, there are three renditions of the international as a “thick” social space: those of globalization theories, of biopolitics, and of empire.
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Sellevold, Kirsti. On the Borders of the Ostensive. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198794776.003.0006.
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This chapter studies uses of blushing as emotional expression both independently and in combination with the scalar expression almost in Edith Wharton’s The House of Mirth. Introducing the notion of ‘emotional vigilance’, it argues that uses of involuntary emotional expression play an essential role in the communicative effect of the novel and are enacted at both the ostensive and the non-ostensive level, through authorial agency and character behaviour respectively. The scalar expression almost pinpoints how the almost-but-not-quite-fulfilled love story between the two main characters is articulated, and arguably made to happen, by such expressions. Together, they create a rich web of implicatures and implications, the space in which the suspense of the novel and its tragic outcome are played out. The chapter thus explores the borders of the ostensive; that is to say, of the conditions within which relevance itself operates.
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Hunt, Thomas M. WADA and Doping in World Sport. Edited by Robert Edelman and Wayne Wilson. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199858910.013.30.
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Performance enhancement in sport has a long and controversial history. Although several organizations enacted prohibitions on the subject of doping prior to the Second World War, public scrutiny on the issue remained relatively light until the second half of the twentieth century. Beginning in the 1960s, officials passed a number of regulatory measures with the twin goals of protecting the health of athletes and ensuring the fairness of competitions. Due partially to the effects of Cold War political rivalries, the use of drugs by athletes nevertheless remained widespread in the world of sport. This policy situation changed dramatically with the end of the superpower conflict in 1991, however. The following decade was marked by increasingly vociferous calls for reform from outside the international governance structure for sport. In February of 1999, regulatory powers over the subject were centralized in a new organization called the World Anti-Doping Agency (WADA).
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Mukherjee, Sreemati. Women and the Romance of the Word. Bloomsbury Publishing india Pvt. Ltd, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9789356406032.
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Around the middle of the 19th century, woman emerges as a new sign disrupting the cultural economy of Bengal and reversing and realigning conventional notions and expectations of woman’s agency and power. The colonial interface would have been important because a need for women’s overall development was felt amongst the male intelligentsia of the period and some of the key texts that circulated at the beginning of the 19th century were Mary Wollstonecraft’sVindication of the Rights of Woman(1792), Thomas Paine’sRights of Man(1791), James Mill’sHistory of British India(1817), Richard Carlile’sEvery Woman’s Book(1826) and William Thompson’sAppeal of One Half the Human Race, Women, against thePretensions of the Other Half, Men(1825). The inaugural moment of this outstanding efflorescence of women’s writing in polemics, travel writing, autobiography and journal articles could be said to begin with Kailashbasini Devi’sHindu Mahilaganer Heenabastha(The Woeful Plight of Hindu Women, 1863), in autobiographies like Rassundari Devi’sAmar Jiban(My Life, 1876) and Binodini Dasi’sAmar Katha(My Words, 1913) and in personalised travelogues like Krishnabhabini Das’sEnglande Banga Mahila(A BengaliWoman in England, 1885). As Kailashbasini, Rassundari, Krishnabhabini and Binodini write, the romance of the word, the romance of learning and self-realisation is enacted. A new dramatic script emerges as Bengali women become the scriptwriters of their own histories.
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Huggins, Robert, and Piers Thompson. A Behavioural Theory of Economic Development. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198832348.001.0001.
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This book is motivated by a belief that theories of economic development can move beyond the generally known factors and mechanisms of such development. It establishes a behavioural theory of economic development illustrating that differences in human behaviour across cities and regions are a significant deep-rooted cause of uneven development. Fusing a range of concepts relating to culture, psychology, human agency, institutions, and power, it proposes that the uneven economic development and evolution of cities and regions within and across nations are strongly connected with the underlying forms of behaviour enacted by humans both individually and collectively. Integrating theoretical and empirical analysis, the book builds upon entrepreneurial and innovation theories of economic evolution to make sense of the cultural, psychological, and agentic components and elements of city and regional economic ecosystems that lead to long-term differentials in development. For social scientists with an interest in understanding the nature of uneven economic development, the book provides a novel theory of the role of human behaviour, psychocultural context, and institutions in the evolution and uneven development of cities and regions. This human behaviour is framed in the form of the ‘behavioural profile’ of cities and regions encompassing citizens in terms of their personalities, cultural histories, aspirations, and perceived opportunities, as well as their broader propensities to act in certain ways.
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Veliz, Leonardo, Miguel Farias, and Michelle Picard, eds. Reimagining Literacies Pedagogy in the Twenty-first Century. Bloomsbury Publishing Plc, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.5040/9781350413696.
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This book sheds light on the array of transformative literacies in the Global South, which English language teachers and educators seek to integrate within their pedagogical practices. In English language teaching (ELT), there is an increasing need for a shift away from dominant literacy thinking, knowledge and practices that originate in the Global North. This collection brings together contemporary research and practice on how literacies are theorized, challenged, embedded and enacted in ELT practice in the Global South. It showcases research that focuses on the intersections of multiple literacies and English language pedagogy, and how these fuse with the social, cultural, historical and political realities of contexts where English is a foreign, second or additional language. The authors provide insightful examples of pedagogical research and practice that reinvigorate a wide range of literacies often invisible or silenced in both the ‘North’ and ‘South’. These include multicultural literacy, critical environmental literacy, digital multimodal literacy, the interplay of visual literacy and local culture, multiple literacies in ELT racializing practices, multiliteracies pedagogies for teacher agency and social justice. With a focus on the diverse contexts of South America and Africa, some chapters in this volume leverage their unique socio-cultural and socio-political contexts to foreground the literacies experiences and practices of students, teachers and educators in ELT settings that contribute to improved language learning experiences.
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Nofsinger, John R., and Pattanaporn Chatjuthamard. Corporate Executives, Directors, and Boards. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780190269999.003.0005.
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This chapter assesses the behavior of corporate managers and boards of directors within the framework of agency theory, stewardship theory, and psychological biases. In agency theory, a chief executive officer (CEO) is motivated to act in his or her own best interests rather than those of shareholders. Stewardship theory posits that a CEO is a self-actualizing individual seeking to grow and reach a higher level of achievement through leading an organization. A CEO exhibits self-interested behavior in managing the firm. The CEO also exhibits optimism, overconfidence, and risk-aversion behaviors that are not optimal for the company. In the context of agency theory, the board of directors should enact incentive structures and monitoring to control these behaviors. However, directors also suffer from self-interests and cognitive biases. Specifically, boards may suffer from group-dynamic problems such as social loafing, poor information sharing, and groupthink.
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Sundström, Malena Rosén. Leading the European Union. Edited by Jon Pierre. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199665679.013.29.
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This chapter analyzes how Sweden acted as Presidency of the European Union in 2001 and 2009. It explores the different roles associated with the Presidency:administrator, agenda-setter, mediator, andrepresentative. Using role theory, the analysis focuses on the Swedish government’s own role conceptions, and the expectations of other actors with regard to how the government would perform these various roles, and how it actually enacted them. The analysis demonstrates that role conceptions, external expectations, and actual execution were quite similar both times Sweden held the Chair, despite notably different Presidency contexts. Overall, both of Sweden’s Presidency periods were considered fairly successful.
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Siff, Stephen. Postscript. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252039195.003.0008.
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This concluding chapter explains the dramatic decline in interest in LSD by the news media after about 1968, when the federal government finally prohibited possession of the drug. In the face of growing government activism against drugs, elaborate reenactments of LSD trips faded from the news agenda. However, the psychedelic world introduced by the news media was increasingly enacted by television and film producers emboldened by the decline of the television and motion-picture production codes. As the 1960s faded into history, entertainment programming frequently offered itself as a substitute for the psychedelic drug experience that journalists had taught Americans to seek. Through intensive hype of LSD and psychedelic phenomena, the news media demonstrated the transporting, mind-expanding power not only of drugs, but also of journalism.
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Pieth, Mark. What Have We Achieved? Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190458331.003.0021.
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This chapter reviews the progress that has been made over the last twenty-five years of fighting corruption. First, the issue has been pushed up on the political agenda, and governments are elected on an anticorruption ticket; others are deposed for corruption. Second, laws have been enacted in most nation-states, and even if enforcement remains uneven, the risks of being caught and subjected to trials have grown substantially. Additionally, every year there is at least one major conference uniting governments, NGOs, and increasingly also the private sector against corruption. The official anticorruption groups have multiplied, including now the OECD Working Group on Bribery (WGB), the Anti-Corruption Working Groups of the G20 and of the B20, and the work on corruption of the Global Compact, among others.
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Lawson, William H. No Small Thing. University Press of Mississippi, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.14325/mississippi/9781496816351.001.0001.
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The Mississippi Freedom Vote of 1963 is no small thing. It is a complex historical and rhetorical phenomenon worthy of in-depth analysis. The Mississippi Freedom Vote of 1963 was an integrated citizens’ campaign to empower and promote agency for blacks within the state. With candidates Aaron Henry, a black pharmacist from Clarksdale, for governor and Reverend Edwin King, a white college chaplain from Vicksburg, for lieutenant governor, the Freedom Vote ran a platform aimed at obtaining votes, justice, jobs, and education for blacks in the Magnolia state. Though the actual campaign took place October 13 through November 4, the Freedom Vote’s impact far transcends those few weeks in the fall of 1963 and extends beyond the borders of Mississippi. Campaign manager Bob Moses was right to label the Freedom Vote “one of the most unique voting campaigns in American history.” It is precisely how the rhetorical forms employed by the Freedom Vote catalyze agency that is so appealing and unique. Educating people about citizenship and then providing an opportunity to practice this phronesis in real time created a groundswell of political activity in Mississippi. The Freedom Vote campaign employed the rhetorical tactics of image events to protest voting rights inequalities by executing a campaign that allowed participants to enact the very agency that was being criticized. The campaign turned protestors in to citizens, allowing local citizens to experience empowerment, and it allowed organizers to learn valuable lessons that they would employ time and time again.
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Chang, Grace. This Is What Trafficking Looks Like. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252037573.003.0004.
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This chapter examines the implications of U.S. antitrafficking policy and practice for both trafficking survivors and immigrant workers across labor sectors. In U.S. media and public policy discourses alike, the term “human trafficking” has become synonymous with sex trafficking, which in turn has been equated with sexual violence and prostitution. Yet the many forms of violence enacted in human trafficking can include racial and sexual violence as well as economic and imperialist violence. This chapter argues that the current U.S. anti-sex trafficking agenda is so narrowly focused on the sex industry and instead gives more emphasis on enforcement and prosecution as well as the explicit and exclusive criminalization of prostitution. In order to highlight the dangers and pitfalls of this policy, the chapter considers a case of extreme labor abuse, tantamount to trafficking, of immigrant workers in the United States in the meatpacking industry in Postville, Iowa.
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Cohan, Steven. Monstrous Hollywood. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190865788.003.0005.
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This chapter is the mirror image of the previous one. It looks at narratives about has-been female stars in the context of the studio system’s demise during the 1950s and 1960s. These somewhat later backstudios depict the agency and sexuality of an older female star, who no longer has the safe haven of the studio to control or at least cushion her excessive behavior, as a “monstrous” perversion of femininity. In these films the mature female star personifies the incoherence of the Hollywood brand as a result of the studio system’s implosion, just as her excessive figure is treated as its cause, not its symptom. The chapter closes with a glance at the millennial backstudio, S1m0ne (2002), which takes as its premise the possibility of a computer-generated star and which registers the same anxieties about powerful female actors that these midcentury backstudios enact.
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Rushton, Cynda Hylton. Integrity. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190619268.003.0005.
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Integrity or moral wholeness is the foundation of moral resilience. Integrity arises when intentions, words, thoughts, and actions align and there is fidelity in adherence to ethical commitments, norms, and conscience. It includes a robust notion of moral agency that includes considerations of the congruence of intentions, character, choices, behavior, and actions as well as responsibility for them. It requires a well-honed conscience; moral sensitivity, perception, and imagination; self-regulatory capacities; ongoing reflection to evaluate one’s intentions, motivations, and actions; cognitive judgment; the ability to devise reasonable solutions to internal conflicts; and steadfast commitment to responsibly enact considered decisions. Clinicians have dual obligations to those they serve and to themselves. Personal and relational integrity are fundamental considerations for clinicians. This dynamic interplay requires attunement to the issues of personal and relational integrity that are at play in clinical practice, including relationships with patients, families, colleagues, leaders, organizations, and the broader society.
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Vickery, Jacqueline Ryan, and S. Craig Watkins. Worried About the Wrong Things. The MIT Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.7551/mitpress/9780262036023.001.0001.
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It’s a familiar narrative in both real life and fiction, from news reports to television storylines: a young person is bullied online, or targeted by an online predator, or exposed to sexually explicit content. The consequences are bleak; the young person is shunned, suicidal, psychologically ruined. In this book, Jacqueline Ryan Vickery argues that there are other urgent concerns about young people’s online experiences besides porn, predators, and peers. We need to turn our attention to inequitable opportunities for participation in a digital culture. Technical and material obstacles prevent low-income and other marginalized young people from the positive, community-building, and creative experiences that are possible online. Vickery explains that cautionary tales about online risk have shaped the way we think about technology and youth. She analyzes the discourses of risk in popular culture, journalism, and policy, and finds that harm-driven expectations, based on a privileged perception of risk, enact control over technology. Opportunity-driven expectations, on the other hand, based on evidence and lived experience, produce discourses that acknowledge the practices and agency of young people rather than seeing them as passive victims. Vickery first addresses how the discourses of risk regulate and control technology, then turns to the online practices of youth at a low-income, minority-majority Texas high school. She considers the participation gap and the need for schools to teach digital literacies, privacy, and different online learning ecologies. Finally, she shows that opportunity-driven expectations can guide young people’s online experiences in ways that balance protection and agency.
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Erbig, Jeffrey Alan Jr. Where Caciques and Mapmakers Met. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469655048.001.0001.
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During the late eighteenth century, Portugal and Spain sent joint mapping expeditions to draw a nearly 10,000-mile border between Brazil and Spanish South America. These boundary commissions were the largest ever sent to the Americas and coincided with broader imperial reforms enacted throughout the hemisphere. Where Caciques and Mapmakers Met considers what these efforts meant to Indigenous peoples whose lands the border crossed. Moving beyond common frameworks that assess mapped borders strictly via colonial law or Native sovereignty, it examines the interplay between imperial and Indigenous spatial imaginaries. What results is an intricate spatial history of border making in southeastern South America (present-day Argentina, Brazil, and Uruguay) with global implications. Drawing upon manuscripts from over two dozen archives in seven countries, Jeffrey Erbig traces on-the-ground interactions between Ibero-American colonists, Jesuit and Guaraní mission-dwellers, and autonomous Indigenous peoples as they responded to ever-changing notions of territorial possession. It reveals that Native agents shaped when and where the border was drawn, and fused it to their own territorial claims. While mapmakers' assertions of Indigenous disappearance or subjugation shaped historiographical imaginaries thereafter, Erbig reveals that the formation of a border was contingent upon Native engagement and authority.
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Bischof, Christopher. Teaching Britain. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198833352.001.0001.
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Teaching Britain examines teachers as key agents in the production of social knowledge. Teachers claimed intimate knowledge of everyday life among the poor and working class at home and non-white subjects abroad. They mobilized their knowledge in a wide range of mediums, from accounts of local happenings in their schools’ official log books to travel narratives based on summer trips around Britain and the wider world. Teachers also obsessively narrated and reflected on their own careers. Through these stories and the work they did every day, teachers imagined and helped to enact new models of professionalism, attitudes towards poverty and social mobility, ways of thinking about race and empire, and roles for the state. As highly visible agents of the state and beneficiaries of new state-funded opportunities, teachers also represented the largesse and the reach of the liberal state—but also the limits of both.
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Dutsch, Dorota M. Pythagorean Women Philosophers. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198859031.001.0001.
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Modern scholarly accounts of Greek philosophical history usually exclude women. And yet, from Dixaearchus of Messana to Diogenes Laertius, classical writers record the names of women philosophers from various schools. What is more, pseudonymous treatises and letters (likely dating after the first century CE) articulate the teachings of Pythagorean women. How can this literature inform our understanding of Greek intellectual history? To take these texts at face value would be naïve; to reject them, narrow-minded. This book is a deep examination of the literary tradition surrounding female Pythagoreans; it envisions the tradition as a network of texts that does not represent female philosophers but enacts their role in Greek culture. Part I, “Portraits,” assembles and contextualizes excerpts from historical accounts and wisdom literature. Part II, “Impersonations,” analyzes pseudonymous treatises and letters. Texts are approached with a mixture of suspicion and belief, inspired by Paul Ricoeur’s hermeneutics. Suspicion serves to disclose the misogyny of the epistemic regimes that produced the texts about and by women philosophers. Belief takes us beyond the circumstances of the texts’ production to possible worlds of diverse readers, institutions, and practices that grant agency to the female knower. In the process, the book uncovers traces of a fascinating dialogue about the gender of philosophical knowledge, which includes female voices.
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Di Paolo, Ezequiel A., Thomas Buhrmann, and Xabier E. Barandiaran. Mastery: learning to act and perceive. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198786849.003.0004.
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If action and perception depend on the mastery of the laws of sensorimotor contingencies, then any theory of cognition that starts from this premise will not be complete unless it offers an explanation of how such mastery is achieved and of what exactly constitutes it. This chapter takes inspiration from Piaget’s theory of equilibration to develop an account of mastery as the progressive growth and refinement of an agent’s sensorimotor repertoire, involving processes of assimilation and accommodation. A new interpretation is provided of these Piagetian concepts in dynamical systems terms. The resulting theory holds that mastery of sensorimotor skills is both world-involving and nonrepresentational. Mastery does not consist in the accumulation of knowledge about the sensorimotor regularities that the agent is able to enact; rather, it is the ongoing process of equilibration by which the agent continuously adapts to new challenges presented to her by the world.
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Bernal, Angélica Maria. The Promise and Perils of Presidential Refounding in Latin America. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190494223.003.0006.
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This chapter examines the politics of presidential refounding in Latin America. While the rise of Venezuela’s Hugo Chávez, Bolivia’s Evo Morales, and Ecuador’s Rafael Correa appeared to herald the return of radical populism in Latin America, what remained less examined is the wave of refoundational constitution making that these leaders set into motion. Shifting the lens of analysis from populism to refoundational constitution making, the chapter engages with the issue of how we can determine the democratic legitimacy of refoundational claims and constituent processes set into motion by these presidents, given their complex roles as key agents of refounding while also simultaneously appealing to “the people” and invoking participatory constitution making to authorize and enact such constituent change.
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Blanchard, Shaun. The Synod of Pistoia and Vatican II. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190947798.001.0001.
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This book sheds further light on the nature of church reform and the roots of the Second Vatican Council (1962–65) through a study of eighteenth-century Catholic reformers who anticipated the Council. The most striking of these examples is the Synod of Pistoia (1786), the high-water mark of late Jansenism. Most of the reforms of the Synod were harshly condemned by Pope Pius VI in the bull Auctorem fidei (1794), and late Jansenism was totally discredited in the ultramontane nineteenth-century Church. Nevertheless, much of the Pistoian agenda—such as an exaltation of the role of bishops, an emphasis on infallibility as a gift to the entire Church, religious liberty, a simpler and more comprehensible liturgy that incorporates the vernacular, and the encouragement of lay Bible reading and Christocentric devotions—was officially promulgated at Vatican II. The career of Bishop Scipione de’ Ricci (1741–1810) and the famous Synod he convened are investigated in detail. The international reception (and rejection) of the Synod sheds light on why these reforms failed, and the criteria of Yves Congar are used to judge the Pistoian Synod as “true or false reform.” This book proves that the Synod was a “ghost” present at Vatican II. The council fathers struggled with, and ultimately enacted, many of the same ideas. This study complexifies the story of the roots of the Council and Pope Benedict XVI’s “hermeneutic of reform,” which seeks to interpret Vatican II as in “continuity and discontinuity on different levels” with past teaching and practice.
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Miller, Peggy J., and Grace E. Cho. Self-Esteem in Time and Place. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199959723.001.0001.
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Self-Esteem in Time and Place reveals how self-esteem became a touchstone of American childrearing in the early years of the twenty-first century. Until now, almost nothing has been known about self-esteem as understood by ordinary parents or practiced as part of everyday family life. In the study reported here, parents of young children, living in a small Midwestern city, embraced self-esteem as a childrearing goal at a time when images and discourses of self-esteem proliferated across the cultural landscape. European American, African American, middle-class, and working-class parents believed that fostering young children’s self-esteem was critical to their psychological health and future success. To achieve this goal, they enacted a high-maintenance style of childrearing comprising assiduous monitoring, copious praise, and gentle discipline. These practices differed dramatically from most cultural cases in the ethnographic record. Together, parents and children created an early moment in a child-affirming developmental trajectory. As active participants and inventive agents, they also engaged in a process of personalization, nuancing their views in light of their social positioning and infusing normative ideas and practices with personal significance. These insights emerged from an innovative interdisciplinary study that draws on diverse sociocultural theories and incorporates intellectual history, interviews with parents, media texts and images, and longitudinal ethnographic observations. It situates the social imaginary of childrearing and self-esteem in time and place, traces its roots to nineteenth-century visionaries, and identifies the complex, multilayered contexts from which this enduring cultural ideal derives its meanings.
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Singer, Kate, Ashley Cross, and Suzanne Barnett, eds. Material Transgressions. Liverpool University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.3828/liverpool/9781789621778.001.0001.
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Material Transgressions reveals how Romantic-era authors think outside of historical and theoretical ideologies that reiterate notions of sexed bodies, embodied subjectivities, isolated things, or stable texts. Essays examine how these writers rethink materiality, especially the subject-object relationship, in order to challenge the tenets of Enlightenment and the culture of sensibility that privileged the hegemony of the speaking and feeling lyric subject and to undo supposedly invariable matter, and representations of it, that limited their writing, agency, knowledge, and even being. In this volume, the idea of transgression serves as a flexible and capacious discursive and material movement that braids together fluid forms of affect, embodiment, and textuality. They offer alternative understandings of materiality that move beyond concepts that fix gendered bodies and intellectual capacities, whether human or textual, idea or thing. They enact processes—assemblages, ghost dances, pack mentality, reiterative writing, shapeshifting, multi-voiced choric oralities—that redefine restrictive structures in order to craft alternative modes of being in the world that can help us to reimagine materiality both in the Romantic period and now. Such dynamism not only reveals a new materialist imaginary for Romanticism but also unveils textualities, affects, figurations, and linguistic movements that alter new materialism’s often strictly ontological approach.
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Woloch, Isser. The Postwar Moment. Yale University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.12987/yale/9780300124354.001.0001.
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Toward the end of World War II, the three democracies faced a common choice: return to the civic order of prewar normalcy or embark instead on a path of progressive transformation. This book assesses the progressive agendas that crystallized in each of the allied democracies: their roots in the interwar decades, their development during wartime, the struggles to enact them in the early postwar years, and the mixed outcomes in each country. The book examines three progressive postwar manifestos that reveal a common agenda in the three nations. The issues at stake included priorities for reconstruction or reconversion; “full employment” via economic planning; price controls; the roles of trade unions; expansion of social security; national health care; public housing; and educational reform. The book persuasively adds the United States to a discussion that is usually focused solely on Europe.
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Ramey, Jessie B. Reforming Orphans. University of Illinois Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.5406/illinois/9780252036903.003.0006.
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This chapter considers how the Home for Colored Children (HCC) recorded a version of its founding story that traces the genesis of the institution to a state law. Several succeeding versions of this tale cite the role of legislation in prompting the formation of a new institution for African Americans, suggesting that the state acted as a progressive agent, forcing changes in the handling of all dependent children. While this version of HCC's founding story is not entirely accurate, it contains an essential truth: progressive reform ideas were starting to circulate in this period and had real impact on the development of child care institutions. The story locates the impetus for change outside of the orphanage founders themselves, placing it instead on progressives working through the government to enact new state laws regulating child welfare.
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Tacoma, Laurens E. Roman Political Culture. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198850809.001.0001.
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This book offers an analysis of Roman political culture in Italy from the first to the sixth century AD on the basis of seven case studies. Its main contention is that, during the period in which Italy was subject to single rule, Italy’s political culture had a specific form. It was the product of the continued existence of two traditional political institutions: the senate in the city of Rome and the local city councils in the rest of Italy. Under single rule, the position of both institutions was increasingly weakened and they became part of a much wider institutional landscape. Nevertheless, they continued functioning until the end of the sixth century AD. Their longevity must imply that they retained meaning for their members, even when society was undergoing significant changes. As their powers and prerogatives shrank considerably, their significance became social rather than political: they allowed elites to enact and negotiate their own position in society. The tension between the fact that the institutions were at heart participatory in nature, but that their power was restricted, generated complex social dynamics. On the one hand, participants became locked in mutual expectations about each other’s behaviour and were enacting social roles, while on the other hand they retained a degree of agency. They were encapsulated in an honorific language and in a set of conventions that regulated their behaviour, but that at the same time offered them some room for manoeuvre.
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Saraswati, L. Ayu. Pain Generation. NYU Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18574/nyu/9781479808342.001.0001.
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Pain Generation troubles the phenomenon of feminists turning to social media to respond to and enact the political potential of pain inflicted by acts of sexual harassment, sexual violence, and sexual abuse. Anchoring its analysis in theories and criticisms of neoliberal feminism, this book illustrates the complexity of how, in using digital platforms such as Instagram and Twitter that are governed by neoliberal logic, the antiracist and decolonial feminists it discusses take on a “neoliberal self(ie) gaze” in their social media activism—and the dangers of doing so. To put forward such an argument is to claim that the stakes here are high: if feminists do not recognize and seriously challenge how neoliberalism structures our activism on social media and thereby alters our online activism practices, it may undercut our work toward social justice. This book offers a fresh perspective on contemporary feminist activism by making visible the neoliberal self(ie) gaze that is pervasive on social media, even and especially in progressive and decolonial feminist spaces; by pointing out the practice of racial oscillation as a technology of the neoliberal self(ie) on social media; by proposing the term “the sharing economy of emotions” to highlight the importance of emotion, which has been overlooked in much previous scholarship; by claiming the significance of “silence as testimony” in articulating feminist agency in online spaces; and by imagining a new practice on social media called vigilant eco-love that can potentially subvert the neoliberal self(ie) gaze.
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Livingstone, Sonia, and Alicia Blum-Ross. Parenting for a Digital Future. Oxford University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190874698.001.0001.
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In the decades it takes to bring up a child, parents face challenges that are both helped and hindered by the fact that they are living through a period of unprecedented digital innovation. Drawing on extensive research with parents both rich and poor, parenting toddlers to teenagers, this book reveals how digital technologies give parenting struggles a distinctive character, as parents determine how to forge new territory with little precedent, or support. It argues that, in late modernity, parents are both more burdened with responsibilities and yet increasingly charged with respecting and developing the agency of their child—leaving much to be negotiated. The book charts how parents enact authority and values through digital technologies—as “screen time,” videogames, and social media become ways of both being together and of setting boundaries, with digital technologies introducing valued opportunities and new sources of risk. To light their way, parents comb through the hazy memories of their own childhoods and look toward hard-to-imagine futures. This results in deeply diverse parenting in the present, as parents move between embracing, resisting, or balancing the role of technology in their own and their children’s lives. This book moves beyond the panicky headlines to offer a deeply researched exploration of what it means to parent in a period of significant social and technological change. Drawing on qualitative and quantitative research in the United Kingdom, the book offers conclusions and insights relevant to parents, policymakers, educators, and researchers everywhere.
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Clark, Nicola. Gender, Family, and Politics. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198784814.001.0001.
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Among the depositions taken as part of the Queen Catherine Howard treason case in 1541 is an illuminating exchange. Mary Hall/Lascelles, the originator of the reports of Catherine’s pre-marital sexual liaisons, claimed to have warned Henry Mannox, Catherine’s virginals tutor, to steer clear of Catherine, because ‘she do cu[m] of anobull hous & yf thow shuld mare here su[m] of here blod wold kell the’. Mannox coarsely replied, ‘hold thy pese woman I know here welhenoveghe for I have had here by thow count & know it amongst a C & she loff me & I lof her’. Mary clearly saw the Howard dynasty in this context as a large, cohesive entity primed to enact vengeance against those who wronged its members, and understood that women were among a dynasty’s chief assets. Mannox, on the other hand, disregarded this, and seemed to think that Catherine’s own individual feelings mattered more than what her family might think. These few sentences lay bare the inherent complexity of the early modern dynasty, and the importance of understanding the position of women within it: for, as this book argues, when women are placed centre stage it becomes evident that both of these interpretations of the function of an early modern dynasty could be valid, and that we need to nuance our understanding of women’s agency, dynastic identity, and politics to take account of this.
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Reyes-Housholder, Catherine, and Gwynn Thoma. Latin America’s Presidentas. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190851224.003.0002.
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Catherine Reyes-Housholder and Gwynn Thomas highlight the unexpected emergence of female presidents and presidential candidates in Latin American politics. They point out that theories explaining the election of female executives globally fail to account for the rise of female presidents in Latin America and argue that the transition to democracy, women’s increasing political experience, the rise of the left, and recent political party crises have provided new opportunities for women in the presidency. However, female presidents must continually manage gendered expectations created from men’s past dominance of presidential power. While they appear similarly as successful governing as male presidents, only Michelle Bachelet has made gender equality a central component of her agenda. Female presidents have not used their constitutional powers to enact many gender equality policies, but in certain circumstances, they have been more likely than men to appoint women to their cabinets. Female presidents also have had some positive consequences for women’s participation in politics.
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Milbank, Alison. Ecclesiastical Gothic. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198824466.003.0015.
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The nostalgia for the Catholic past comes full circle in Chapter 14 in an assessment of clerical ghost stories with their interest in ecclesiastical architecture, fittings, and texts. In M. R. James, antiquarian protagonists show little respect for holy objects and thus invoke demonic invasion. James is concerned with the effect of a world which refuses to admit the spiritual power of objects, and thus has no ways of mediating their causal power. His tales question this boundary between subject and object. J. Meade Falkner shares this desire to restore the sacramental and psychic efficacy of objects by showing their negative power in The Lost Stradivarius and positively in the novel of Gothic usurpation, The Nebuly Coat, in which Cullerne Minster is a living thing and agent of Providential judgement through the ‘speaking’ arches of its moving tower, and by the bells, which mediate past and present and enact providential judgement.
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Cave, Terence. Live Artefacts. Oxford University Press, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192858122.001.0001.
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Literary artefacts—the stories people tell, the songs they sing, the scenes they enact—are neither a by-product nor a side-issue in human culture. They provide a model of everything that cognition does. They refuse to separate thought from emotion, bodily responses from ethical reflection, perception from imagination, logic from desire. Above all, they demonstrate the essential fluidity and mobility of human cognition, its adaptive inventiveness. If we are astonished by the art of Chauvet or Lascaux as an early model of human cognition, then we should be continually astonished by what literature is and does as it reaches beyond itself to reimagine the world. This book argues that literary artefacts are quasi-autonomous living entities, fashioned to animate captured environments, embodied people and other creatures, ways of being and living that remain virtual. They own a freely delegated agency that allows them to speak to listeners and readers present and distant, present and future, adapting themselves and their meanings to whatever cognitive environment they encounter. Such an approach offers a way of linking a close attention to the specific properties of literary artefacts with the insights of cognitive anthropology and archaeology, and thus of satisfying the conditions for a properly interdisciplinary understanding of literature. It aims both to defend literary study against utilitarian and reductive arguments of all kinds and to argue that literary artefacts may give us new insights into how the mind (and its indispensable substratum, the brain) functions in the human ecology.
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Harris, Kate Lockwood. Beyond the Rapist. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190876920.001.0001.
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In the United States, approximately one in five women experiences rape during college, and lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, and queer (LGBTQ) students experience sexual violence at higher rates than their peers. Given this context, many colleges are working to better prevent and address these assaults. This book takes up this social problem—how organizations talk about and respond to sexual violence—and considers it in proximity to a persistent theoretical dilemma in the academic field of organizational communication: How are organization and violence related, and what does that relationship have to do with communication? Guided by feminist new materialist and intersectional theories, the book examines one public U.S. university known for responding well to sexual violence. It focuses on the processes and policies that require most faculty and administrators, along with student–employees, to report sexual violence to designated campus offices, per federal laws Title IX, the Clery Act, and the Violence Against Women Act. Unfortunately, the university’s interventions in sexual violence reinforce other violent systems. The book illustrates the negative consequences of considering communication to be either separate from the physical world or indistinguishable from it. It also details problems with the notion that only individuals enact violence. Through its focus on two core ideas—communication and agency—the book encourages scholars to avoid wholly constructivist or realist arguments, and it shows the importance of questions about power and difference in organizational scholarship on posthumanism and materiality. The book concludes with suggestions for how U.S. universities can look “beyond the rapist” to generate more robust interventions in sexual violence.
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Gest, Justin. The White Working Class. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/wentk/9780190861414.001.0001.
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In recent years, the world has been re-introduced to the constituency of “white working class” people. In a wave of revolutionary populism, far right parties have scored victories across the transatlantic political world: Britain voted to leave the European Union, the United States elected President Donald Trump to enact an “America First” agenda, and Radical Right movements are threatening European centrists in elections across the Continent. In each case, white working class people are driving a broad reaction to the inequities and social change brought by globalization, and its cosmopolitan champions. In the midst of this rebellion, a new group consciousness has emerged among the very people who not so long ago could take their political, economic, and cultural primacy for granted. Who are white working class people? What do they believe? Are white working class people an “interest group”? What has driven them to break so sharply with the world’s trajectory toward a more borderless, interconnected meritocracy? How can a group with such enduring power feel marginalized? This perplexing constituency must be understood if the world is to address and respond to the social and political backlash they are driving. The White Working Class: What Everyone Needs to Know® provides the context for understanding the politics of this large, perplexing group of people. The book begins by explaining what “white working class” means in terms of demographics, history, and geography, as well as the ways in which this group defines itself and has been defined by others. It will address whether white identity is on the rise, why white people perceive themselves as marginalized, and the roles of racism and xenophobia in white consciousness. It will also look at whether the white working class has distinct political attitudes, their voting behavior, and their prospects for the future. This accessible book provides a nuanced view into the forces driving one of the most complicated and consequential political constituencies today.