Journal articles: 'Emulsion extraction'

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Arun, Varun, Samsnavith Segu Jalaludeen, Suryarajan Jayakumar, and Samdavid Swaminathan. "Effect of contacting pattern and various surfactants on phenol extraction efficiency using emulsion liquid membrane." International Journal of Chemical Reactor Engineering 19, no. 7 (February 25, 2021): 739–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/ijcre-2020-0156.

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Abstract Emulsions prepared using different surfactants, including Span-80, BKC and CTAB, are studied for their stability and phenol remsoval efficiency. The effect of contacting pattern on ELM extraction efficiency is compared in Beaker – Stirrer apparatus and Bubble Flow Recirculation column. The emulsion prepared using Span-80 is relatively more stable than emulsions prepared using other surfactants. The emulsion stability during the extraction process is relatively higher in the Bubble Flow Recirculation column (15 min) than in the Beaker – Stirrer apparatus (10 min). At optimized conditions, the phenol removal efficiency of the emulsion prepared using Span-80 in Beaker – Stirrer apparatus is 96% and in Bubble Flow Recirculation column is 78%. Kinetic studies reveal that the extraction follows zeroth-order kinetics with an average phenol effective diffusivity of 0.0004 s at an initial phenol concentration ranging from 100–500 PPM.

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V. Yefimov, Stanislav, and Pedro Gil. "One Step Extraction Method, Sample Preparation Procedure for HPLC/MS Analysis of Altrenogest Sesame Oil Solutions [Extraction of altrenogest from sesame oil with acetonitrile, HPLC/MS]." South Asian Research Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 4, no. 1 (February 5, 2022): 17–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.36346/sarjps.2022.v04i01.003.

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The extraction of altrenogest with acetonitrile from sesame oil is not an easy task due to the formation of a stable emulsion. The problem of extracting more than 99% of altrenogest from sesame oil with acetonitrile was solved. The optimal ratio of extractant to extractor was established. This approach allowed for a quantitative analysis of altrenogest in sesame oil solutions by HPLC/MS. A generalization of the proposed approach to cases of altrenogest extraction from stable emulsions was discussed.

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Längauer, David, Yu-Ying Lin, Wei-Hsin Chen, Chao-Wen Wang, Michal Šafář, and Vladimír Čablík. "Simultaneous Extraction and Emulsification of Food Waste Liquefaction Bio-Oil." Energies 11, no. 11 (November 5, 2018): 3031. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en11113031.

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Biomass-derived bio-oil is a sustainable and renewable energy resource, and liquefaction is a potential conversion way to produce bio-oil. Emulsification is a physical upgrading technology, which blends immiscible liquids into a homogeneous emulsion through the addition of an emulsifier. Liquefaction bio-oil from food waste is characterized by its high pour point when compared to diesel fuel. In order to partially replace diesel fuel by liquefaction bio-oil, this study aimed to develop a method to simultaneously extract and emulsify the bio-oil using a commercial surfactant (Atlox 4914, CRODA, Snaith, UK). The solubility and stability of the emulsions at various operating conditions such as the bio-oil-to-emulsifier ratio (B/E ratio), storage temperature and duration, and co-surfactant (methanol) addition were analyzed. The results demonstrate that higher amounts of bio-oil (7 g) and emulsifier (7 g) at a B/E ratio = 1 in an emulsion have a higher solubility (66.48 wt %). When the B/E ratio was decreased from 1 to 0.556, the bio-oil solubility was enhanced by 45.79%, even though the storage duration was up to 7 days. Compared to the emulsion stored at room temperature (25 °C), its storage at 100 °C presented a higher solubility, especially at higher B/E ratios. Moreover, when methanol was added as a co-surfactant during emulsification at higher B/E ratios (0.714 to 1), it rendered better solubility (58.83–70.96 wt %). Overall, the emulsified oil showed greater stability after the extraction-emulsification process.

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Nunez, Cristian, Ramin Dabirian, Ilias Gavrielatos, Ram Mohan, and Ovadia Shoham. "Methodology for Breaking Up Nanoparticle-Stabilized Oil/Water Emulsion." SPE Journal 25, no. 03 (March 12, 2020): 1057–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/199892-pa.

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Summary A state-of-the-art portable dispersion characterization rig (P-DCR) is applied to study emulsions with Exxsol™ mineral oil (ExxonMobil Chemical Company, Houston, Texas, USA), commercial distilled water, and hydrophobic silica nanoparticles (NPs) as emulsifiers. The emulsion is prepared in the P-DCR batch-separator vessel, whereby the separation kinetics are observed and recorded. In this study, emulsion breakup by the integration of oil extraction/water addition and a stirring process is investigated, which is formed with 25% water cut (WC) and 0.01% w/w hydrophobic NPs (dispersed in the oil phase). The experimental data are divided into three data sets: oil extraction only, oil-extraction/pure-water addition, and oil-extraction/water with hydrophilic NP addition. For oil extraction only (Data Set 1), the WC of the fluid mixture increases, and for a sufficient volume extraction, phase inversion occurs that results in a complete separation of the oil and water. The minimum final required NP concentration for a fast separation, defined as the minimum concentration of NP required to begin the phase separation of the emulsion, is approximately 0.0045%. The acquired data for oil-extraction/pure-water-addition (Data Set 2) result in a faster breakup of the emulsion, as compared with oil extraction only. The oil-extraction/pure-water-addition process increases the system WC faster, reaching the phase-inversion point sooner. For the oil-extraction/pure-water-addition, the final lowest WC and NP concentrations are approximately 37% and 0.006% w/w, respectively, for fast separation. Thus, it can be concluded that the NP concentration and the WC are related. Repetitive oil-extraction/pure-water-addition cycles enable determination of the combined effects of the WC and NP on the separation process. A relatively stable emulsion is reached after approximately 2 minutes from the beginning of each cycle, which enables determining whether a quick separation occurs at the current cycle. Data Set 3 (oil-extraction/water with hydrophilic NP addition) results reveal that dispersing hydrophilic NPs in water does not promote emulsion breakup. On the contrary, the NPs produce a slightly more stable emulsion. The separation process, however, does not differ significantly even for high hydrophilic NP concentrations, emphasizing the dominant role of the hydrophobic particles (dispersed in the base-case emulsion).

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Mitbumrung, Wiphada, Numphung Rungraung, Niramol Muangpracha, Ploypailin Akanitkul, and Thunnalin Winuprasith. "Approaches for Extracting Nanofibrillated Cellulose from Oat Bran and Its Emulsion Capacity and Stability." Polymers 14, no. 2 (January 14, 2022): 327. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/polym14020327.

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The pretreatment process is an essential step for nanofibrillated cellulose production as it enhances size reduction efficiency, reduces production cost, and decreases energy consumption. In this study, nanofibrillated cellulose (NFC) was prepared using various pretreatment processes, either chemical (i.e., acid, basic, and bleach) or hydrothermal (i.e., microwave and autoclave), followed by disintegration using high pressure homogenization from oat bran fibers. The obtained NFC were used as an emulsifier to prepare 10% oil-in-water emulsions. The emulsion containing chemically pretreated NFC exhibited the smallest oil droplet diameter (d32) at 3.76 μm, while those containing NFC using other pretreatments exhibited d32 values > 5 μm. The colors of the emulsions were mainly influenced by oil droplet size rather than the color of the fiber itself. Both NFC suspensions and NFC emulsions showed a storage modulus (G′) higher than the loss modulus (G″) without crossing over, indicating gel-like behavior. For emulsion stability, microwave pretreatment effectively minimized gravitational separation, and the creaming indices of all NFC-emulsions were lower than 6% for the entire storage period. In conclusion, chemical pretreatment was an effective method for nanofiber extraction with good emulsion capacity. However, the microwave with bleaching pretreatment was an alternative method for extracting nanofibers and needs further study to improve the efficiency.

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Kluge, Johannes, Lisa Joss, Sebastian Viereck, and Marco Mazzotti. "Emulsion crystallization of phenanthrene by supercritical fluid extraction of emulsions." Chemical Engineering Science 77 (July 2012): 249–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ces.2011.12.008.

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Linares-Devia, Natalia, Javier Arrieta-Escobar, Yolima Baena, Alvaro Orjuela, and Coralia Osorio. "Development and Characterization of Emulsions Containing Ground Seeds of Passiflora Species as Biobased Exfoliating Agents." Cosmetics 9, no. 1 (January 21, 2022): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cosmetics9010015.

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Ground seeds from three species of the genus Passiflora, P. ligularis, P. edulis Sims fo edulis, and P. mollissima, were obtained by extraction, drying, grinding, and sieving, and their physicochemical properties (morphology, hardness, and proximal analysis) were compared to those of commercial exfoliant seeds from passion fruit. Particle sizes between 0.5 and 1 mm were obtained, and their properties were similar to the commercial product except for the extractable material content that was higher. Subsequently, prototypes of an exfoliating cosmetic product were developed by using the ground seeds as the main active ingredient. Rheology characterization of samples enables to verify that the particles have minor effects on emulsion properties and that the emulsion is stable even after thermal treatment. In particular, the pH of the emulsion decreased when using the obtained ground seeds. This is consistent with the extraction and solvation of organic acids into the emulsion, in particular, alpha-hydroxy acids, which are present in high concentrations in Passiflora species. This indicates that the prepared emulsions could have a synergic chemical and physical exfoliating activity and could be used in cosmetic products.

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Ghetiu, Iuliana, Ioana Gabriela Stan, Casen Panaitescu, Cosmin Jinescu, and Alina Monica Mares. "Surfactants Efficiency in Oil Reserves Exploatation." Revista de Chimie 68, no. 2 (March 15, 2017): 273–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.17.2.5435.

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The use of surfactants in the process of water separation from crude oil emulsions formed at extraction is an effective solution in the treatment of crude oil. But perfecting this technology to a higher degree of efficiency, in order to destabilize the emulsion formed, requires the determination of the parameters involved in the design and the correlation of the obtained results. This research also aims at finding optimal solutions that increase the degree of water separation from emulsions using surface-effective solutions to destabilize the emulsion layer. This research was basedon data from two wells that extract oil from Barc�u reservoir. To achieve this objective, the composition of crude oil was analyzed, the emulsion characteristics were established and the elected demulsifiers were tested. The study highlights the efficiency of destabilization up to 97.9 mass %.

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Kerimova, Z. K., and K. Y. Alieva. "Production of emulsion crème from the Izabella grape seeds and the study of its pharmacocosmetological properties." Reviews on Clinical Pharmacology and Drug Therapy 10, no. 3 (September 15, 2012): 50–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.17816/rcf10350-52.

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Using the method of polyfraction extraction, the oil, spiritus and water extractions from the Izabella grape seeds were received by means of hexane taking out, the emulsion crème of the water/oil type on that base was developed. The treatment effect of emulsion crème on the thermic and chemical burnings was determined in the experiment. During the primary cosmetology trial the emulsion crème was effective for removal and prevention of wrincklies.

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Fouad, Elsayed Ali. "Optimizing Emulsion Liquid Membrane Process for Extraction of Nickel from Wastewater Using Taguchi Method." International Journal of Research in Science 3, no. 1 (March 30, 2017): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24178/ijrs.2017.3.1.01.

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Abstract--The main objectives of this research were focused on extracting nickel ions from waste water using emulsion liquid membrane as well as determining the optimal conditions for the extraction process. Taguchi experimental design method was applied to determine the optimum extraction conditions. The controllable factors of the emulsion liquid membrane process were carrier; surfactant; and internal phase concentration, treating ratio, stirring time, and feed phase acidity were optimized. The contribution of each controllable factor was also explored. The results indicated the greatest effect of the carrier concentration in comparison to other parameters. The five other parameters slightly affected the extraction percentage of nickel. The optimum conditions for the extraction was found to be carrier concentration (M) of 0.25, surfactant concentration (v %) of 10, internal phase concentration (M) of 0.1, external / emulsion ratio (v/v) of 5, stirring time (min.) of 1, and feed phase pH of 0.5.

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Opriş, Ocsana, Ildiko Lung, Maria-Loredana Soran, Adina Stegarescu, Tatiana Cesco, Aliona Ghendov-Mosanu, Paula Podea, and Rodica Sturza. "Efficient Extraction of Total Polyphenols from Apple and Investigation of Its SPF Properties." Molecules 27, no. 5 (March 3, 2022): 1679. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/molecules27051679.

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The purpose of this study was to evaluate the sun protection factor (SPF) of cosmetic emulsions with the addition of hydroalcoholic apple extract. First, the total polyphenolic content, the antioxidant activity and SPF properties of the extracts obtained by sonication and refluxing were evaluated. The two extraction methods were improved using the central composite design. For cosmetic emulsion that contained a different concentration of apple extract (10–40%), a SPF value between 0.51 and 0.90 was obtained. The most efficient apple extract was obtained by reflux using 50% ethanol and a 60 min extraction time. The concentrated extract was incorporated in a cosmetic emulsion whose SPF maximum was 0.90. Accordingly, due to photoprotective properties, the apple extract can be a candidate for use in cosmetic formulations.

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Olawuyi, Ibukunoluwa Fola, Jong Jin Park, Gwang Deok Park, and Won Young Lee. "Enzymatic Hydrolysis Modifies Emulsifying Properties of Okra Pectin." Foods 11, no. 10 (May 20, 2022): 1497. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods11101497.

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Okra pectins (OKPs) with diverse structures obtained by different extraction protocols have been used to study the relationship between their molecular structure and emulsifying properties. A targeted modification of molecular structure offers a more rigorous method for investigating the emulsifying properties of pectins. In this study, three glycoside hydrolases, polygalacturonase (PG), galactanase (GL), and arabinanase (AR), and their combinations, were used to modify the backbone and side-chains of OKP, and the relationships between the pectin structure and emulsion characteristics were examined by multivariate analysis. Enzymatic treatment significantly changed the molecular structure of OKP, as indicated by monosaccharide composition, molecular weight, and structure analysis. GL- and AR- treatments reduced side-chains, while PG-treatment increased side-chain compositions in pectin structure. We compared the performance of hydrolyzed pectins in stabilizing emulsions containing 50% v/v oil-phase and 0.25% w/v pectin. While the emulsions were stabilized by PG (93.3% stability), the emulsion stability was reduced in GL (62.5%), PG+GL+AR (37.0%), and GL+AR (34.0%) after 15-day storage. Furthermore, microscopic observation of the droplets revealed that emulsion destabilization was caused by flocculation and coalescence. Principal component analysis confirmed that neutral sugar side-chains are key for long-term emulsion stabilization and that their structure explains the emulsifying properties of OKP. Our data provide structure-function information applicable to the tailored extraction of OKP with good emulsification performance, which can be used as a natural emulsifier.

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Akkar, Suheila Abd Alreda, and Sawsan Abd Muslim Mohammed. "Design of Intelligent Network to Predicate Phenol Removal from Waste Water by Emulsion Liquid Membrane." Materials Science Forum 1021 (February 2021): 115–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/msf.1021.115.

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This research introduced Intelligent Network's proposed design for predicting efficiency in the removal of phenol from wastewater by liquid membrane emulsion. In the inner phase of W / O emulsions, phenol extraction from an aqueous solution was investigated using emulsion liquid membrane prepared with kerosene as a membrane phase, Span 80 as a surfactant, and NaOH as a stripping agent. Experiments were conducted to investigate the effect of three emulsion composition variables, namely: surfactant concentration, membrane phase to-internal (VM / VI) volume ratio, and removal phase concentration in the internal phase, and two process parameters, feed phase agitation speed at organic acid extraction rates, and emulsion-to-feed volume ratio (VE / VF). More than 98% of phenol can be extracted in less than 5 minutes. This article describes compares the performance of different learning algorithms such as GD, RB, GDM, GDX, CG, and LM to predict the efficiency of phenol removal from wastewater through the liquid emulsion membrane. The proposed neural network consisted of (7, 11, 1) neurons in the input , hidden and output layers respectively feed forward ANN with various types of back propagation training algorithms were developed to model the emulsion liquid membrane removal of phenols. The values predicted for the neural network model are found in close agreement with the results of the batch experiment using MATLAB program with a correlation coefficient ( R2) of 0.999 and Mean Squared Error (MSE) of 0.004.

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Santoso, Imam, and Buchari Buchari. "EFFECT OF MATRICES ON PERCENT EXTRACTION OF SILVER (II) FROM BLACK/WHITE PRINTING PHOTOGRAPHIC WASTE USING EMULSION LIQUID MEMBRANE TECHNIQUE." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 1, no. 3 (June 5, 2010): 149–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21942.

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Extraction of silver (I) has been studied from black/white printing photographic waste by emulsion liquid membrane technique. Composition emulsion at the membrane phase was cerosene as solvent, sorbitan monooleat (span 80) as surfactant, dimethyldioctadesyl-ammonium bromide as carrier and as internal phase was HNO3. Optimum condition was obtained: ratio of internal phase volume and membrane phase volume was 1:1 : concentration of surfactant was 2% (v/v) : time of making emulsion was 20 second : rate of stiring emulsion was 1100 rpm : rest time emulsion was 3 second : rate of emulsion volume and external phase volume was 1:5 : emulsion contact rate 500 rpm : emulsion contact time was 40 second : concentration of silver thiosulfate as external phase was 100 ppm : pH of external phase was 3 and pH of internal phase was 1. Optimum condition was applied in silver(I) extraction from black/white printing photographic waste. It was obtained 77.33% average which 56.06% silver (I) average of internal phase and 22.66% in the external phase. Effect of matrices ion decreased silver(I) percent extraction from 96,37% average to 77.33% average. Keyword: photographics waste, silver extraction

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Fouad, E., F. Ahmad, and K. Abdelrahman. "Optimization of Emulsion Liquid Membrane for Lead Separation from Aqueous Solutions." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 7, no. 5 (October 19, 2017): 2068–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.1390.

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This study focuses on evaluating the process parameters and their effects on extraction of lead as well as emulsion breaking. The Signal / Noise ratios have been used to study the performance characteristics. Six parameters affecting extraction by emulsion liquid membrane, namely, TOPO, Span80, and internal phase concentration, feed/emulsion ratio, agitation time and feed pH have been optimized with considerations to lead extraction and emulsion breaking. The standardized effects of the independent variables and their interactions were tested by the analysis of variance (ANOVA) with 95% confidence limits (α= 0.05) and Pareto chart. The use of the optimal values of these parameters has been proved useful in maximizing the extraction efficiency and minimizing the emulsion breakage. TOPO concentration of 0.1498 M, Span 80 concentration of 3.007 v%, Internal phase concentration of 0.183 M, Feed/emulsion volume ratio of 1.407, agitation time of 30 minutes, and feed pH of 5 are determined as the optimum parameters.

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Basuki, Kris Tri. "MATHEMATICAL MODELING FOR THE EXTRACTION OF URANIUM AND MOLYBDENUM WITH EMULSION LIQUID MEMBRANE, INCLUDING INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION AND COST EVALUATION OF THE URANIUM RECOVERY." Jurnal Forum Nuklir 2, no. 1 (May 1, 2008): 63. http://dx.doi.org/10.17146/jfn.2008.2.1.3284.

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MATHEMATICAL MODELING FOR THE EXTRACTION OF URANIUM AND MOLYBDENUM WITH EMULSION LIQUID MEMBRANE, INCLUDING INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION AND COST EVALUATION OF THE URANIUM RECOVERY. Emulsion liquid membrane systems are double emulsion drops. Two immiscible phases are separated by a third phase which is immiscible with the other two phases. The liquid membrane systems were classified into two types: (1) carrier mediated mass transfer, (2) mass transfer without any reaction involved. Uranium extraction, molybdenum extraction and solvent extraction were used as purposed elements for each type of the membrane systems in the derivation of their mathematical models. Mass transfer in emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) systems has been modeled by several differential and algebraic equations. The models take into account the following : mass transfer of the solute from the bulk external phase to the external phase-membrane interface; an equilibrium reaction between the solute and the carrier to form the solute- carrier complex at the interface; mass transfer by diffusion of the solute-carrier complex in the membrane phase to the membrane-internal phase interface; another equilibrium reaction of the solute-carrier complex to release the solute at the membrane-internal phase interface into the internal phase. Models with or without the consideration of film resistances were developed and compared. The models developed in this study can predict the extraction rate through emulsion liquid membranes theoretically. All parameters required in the models can be determined before an experimental extraction run. Experimental data from literature (uranium extraction) and (molybdenum extraction and solvent extraction) were used to test the models. The agreements between the theoretical predictions and the experimental data were very good. The advantages of emulsion liquid membrane systems over traditional methods were discussed. The models developed in this research can be used directly for the design of emulsion liquid membrane systems. The results of this study represent a very significant step toward the practical applications of the emulsion liquid membrane technology.

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Liu, Xiao Rong, Chang Su, Dao Jie Chi, Xue Song Zheng, Hua Long Yu, and Jun Hui Shen. "Diversity of Bioleaching Microorganisms in Interfacial Emulsion of Copper Solvent Extraction." Advanced Materials Research 1130 (November 2015): 55–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1130.55.

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In the bioleaching - solvent extraction - electrowinning practices for copper extraction, the solvent extraction process is used to enrich the copper in the leachate to a high lever to make the sequent electrowinning process possible. O/W type of interfacial emulsion always forms at the interface between organic phase and aqueous phase in the solvent extraction practices. Diversified microorganisms were discovered by microscope growing in the interface emulsion of copper solvent extraction. The diversity of them was analyzed by using 16s rRNA gene sequencing. It was indicated that there exist seven categories of bacteria in the interface emulsion, among which common bioleaching bacteria, such as Leptospirillum sp.,Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans, Metallibacterium sp., are included. The dominant strains are Leptospirillum sp. E4-L9 and Acidithiobacillus ferrooxidans ATCC 23270, which account up to 40.48 % and 38.1 %, respectively. It was uncovered that bioleaching bacteria can be intercepted by interfacial emulsion of solvent extraction to make their population in the raffinate lower and the efficiency of bioleaching decrease consequently.

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Bouranene, Saliha. "Study Of The Stability Of Water-In-Oil Emulsion Intended for the Extraction of Heavy Metals Application: Copper Ions." Volume 4 issue 2 4, no. 2 (August 1, 2021): 62–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.48103/jjeci482021.

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This work aims to optimize the parameters that affect the stability of a W/O emulsion to exploit it in the extraction of heavy metals contained in the liquid effluents. The study of the emulsion stability shows that; an emulsification time of 10 minutes, a surfactant concentration of Span80 equal to 3% (w/w), an extractant concentration of Triethylamine N(CH2CH3)3 equal to 5% (w/w), an internal phase concentration of phosphoric acid (H3PO4) of 0.75M, a volume ratio of membrane phase to internal phase of 1, a volume ratio of external phase to the emulsion of 20 and a stirring speed of 180 rpm; lead to the formation of a very stable emulsion with a very low rupture rate of around 1.92% after one hour of contact time. The results of extraction of copper ions revealed that under the best operational conditions, the extraction yield was closed to 93.33% for 20% extractant content, a contact time of 12 minutes, and an initial concentration of copper ions of 400 ppm. The application of this new membrane matrix based on phosphoric acid used as inner phase, sorbitan monooleate as a surfactant, and Triethylamine as extractant has been proven effective for extracting copper ions in water.

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Ren, Gaihuan, Zhanzhao Li, Dongxu Lu, Bo Li, Lulu Ren, Wenwen Di, Hongqin Yu, Jianxin He, and Dejun Sun. "pH and Magnetism Dual-Responsive Pickering Emulsion Stabilized by Dynamic Covalent Fe3O4 Nanoparticles." Nanomaterials 12, no. 15 (July 28, 2022): 2587. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12152587.

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Herein, we describe pH and magnetism dual-responsive liquid paraffin-in-water Pickering emulsion stabilized by dynamic covalent Fe3O4 (DC-Fe3O4) nanoparticles. On one hand, the Pickerinfigureg emulsions are sensitive to pH variations, and efficient demulsification can be achieved by regulating the pH between 10 and 2 within 30 min. The dynamic imine bond in DC-Fe3O4 can be reversibly formed and decomposed, resulting in a pH-controlled amphiphilicity. The Pickering emulsion can be reversibly switched between stable and unstable states by pH at least three times. On the other hand, the magnetic Fe3O4 core of DC-Fe3O4 allowed rapid separation of the oil droplets from Pickering emulsions under an external magnetic field within 40 s, which was a good extraction system for purifying the aqueous solution contaminated by rhodamine B. The dual responsiveness enables Pickering emulsions to have better control of their stability and to be applied more broadly.

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Setiarso, Pirim, and Selvi Purwanti N. "THE EXTRACTION OF NICKEL(II) AND COPPER(II) USING LIQUID MEMBRANE EMULSION TECHNIQUE." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 6, no. 2 (June 14, 2010): 186–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21758.

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Research on the extraction of Nickel(II) and Copper(II) using liquid membrane emulsion technique has been conducted. The purpose of this research is to know the influence of pH, extraction time and presence of competed metals (Ni2+ in Cu2+ and vice versa) toward the membrane extraction capability. In this research, 84 mL of Ni2+ and Cu2+ with concentration of 100 ppm, each, was extracted using pH variation (4.0, 4.5, 5.0, 5.5, 6.0). The optimum pH will be used to obtain the time of equilibrium and influence of the competed ions. Time variations (15, 20, 25, 30, 35 minute) were used with the concentration of the competed ions of 20, 40, 60, 80, 100 ppm. The percentage of ions extracted was analyzed by Atomic Absorption Spectrometry. The result shows that the optimum pH was 5.0 for extracting 79.3137 % Cu2+ and 50.3448 % Ni2+. Time of equilibrium was 30 minutes for extracting 85.4117 % Cu2+ and 53.7691 % Ni2+. The presence of Ni2+ influenced Cu2+ extracted and vice versa. Keywords: Extraction, liquid membrane emulsion

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Estribillo, A. G. M., J. P. Rivadeneira, P. J. V. Gaban, and K. A. T. Castillo-Israel. "Comparative study on chemical and emulsion properties of 'Saba' banana [Musa acuminata x balbisiana (BBB group) 'Saba'] peel pectin from different extraction methods." Food Research 6, no. 2 (March 13, 2022): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.26656/fr.2017.6(2).182.

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This study was conducted to investigate the chemical characteristics and emulsion properties of pectin from 'Saba' banana peel extracted using three different methods, namely, acid extraction using citric acid, enzymatic extraction using cellulase, and microwave-assisted extraction. Per cent yield, moisture and ash contents, equivalent weights, methyl and anhydrouronic acid contents, and the degree of esterifications were determined for each pectin extracted using the three different methods. Characterization of the extracted pectin revealed that all 'Saba' peel pectins (SBPs) had a high degree of esterification. Furthermore, acid-extracted pectin (AP) had the highest yield of 20.02% and had the highest purity, as indicated by the lowest ash content and equivalent weight (784.57), and highest anhydrouronic acid content (50.85%) compared to enzymatic (EP) and microwave-assisted extraction (MP). Scanning Electron Microscopy revealed smoother images of AP, which indicated that AP was more degraded compared to milder extraction methods, such as microwave-assisted extraction which yielded the least degraded pectin. Furthermore, emulsion formation and stability using SBPs were determined by measuring cream fraction. Results showed that all SBPs had cream fractions comparable to the control, and there was no difference among extraction methods. Microscopic observations (10×) showed that oil droplet size decreases with increasing concentration. Further, AP had smaller droplets, indicating that AP is capable of forming more stable emulsions compared to EP and MP. Results of this investigation revealed that, although all SBPs were highly esterified, the three extraction methods yielded pectins with different characteristics and purity.

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Chimsook, Thitiphan. "Microwave Assisted Extraction of Avocado Oil from Avocado Skin and Encapsulation Using Spray Drying." Key Engineering Materials 737 (June 2017): 341–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.737.341.

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The aim of this work was to extract the avocado oil from avocado skin. This oil was used to prepare the emulsion and encapsulation using spray drying. For the oil extraction, the efficiency of microwave assisted extraction (MAE) and soxhelt method was evaluated. The results indicated that MAE at 600 W for 15 min using 2-methyltetrahydrofuran gave the highest yield percentage. The emulsion preparation of avocado oil from MAE was prepared using the wall materials of maltodextrin and the Hi-Cap. The combinations of maltodextrin and Hi-Cap showed 100% stability for 24 hours, with no phase separation. The viscosity of the emulsions was reported at 11.00-13.00 mPa·s. The droplets mean diameter was between 2.05 to 2.08 µm. The microencapsulation of avocado oil was performed in a laboratory scale spray dryer. The encapsulation efficiency of three combinations of wall materials (F1 to F3) was valued of 60-80% which indicated that the increase on maltodextrin content, when combined to Hi-Cap, led to lower encapsulation efficiency. For particle characterization, the moisture content was 1.10-1.35 % and the bulk density was 0.35-0.37 g/cm3. Therefore, the proportion of wall materials had significant influence on the emulsion properties and on the encapsulation efficiency of avocado oil.

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Sahida, Sahida, Baharuddin Hamzah, and Siti Nuryanti. "Emulsion Stability Tes and Effect of HNO3 Concentration in the Internal Phase on Cadmium Ion Extraction using Liquid Membrane Emulsion Technique." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 9, no. 1 (February 28, 2020): 34–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2020.v9.i1.pp34-39.

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Study on the emulsion stability and cadmium ion extraction tests was performed using the liquid membrane emulsion technique. This study aimed to determine the emulsion stability between the membrane phase and the internal phase with the variation of the ratio (2:1, 1:1, 2:3, and 1:2), and to determine the maximum conditions of cadmium ion extraction in a solution including the various concentration of HNO3 solution 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5 M. This study is a laboratory experimental method using benzoyl acetone compound as cation carrier, kerosene as membrane phase, HNO3 solution as the internal phase, span-20 and span-80 as surfactants, and cadmium solution as the sample solution. Cadmium ion concentration in the external phase was determined by UV-VIS spectrophotometer. The result showed that the emulsion stability test which produced the most stable emulsion was in the ratio of the membrane phase and the internal phase 1:1. In addition, the concentration of the HN03 solution resulted in a maximum extraction percentage of 1.5 M with an extraction percentage was 95.28%.

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Bakircioglu Kurtulus, Yasemin, Dilek Bakircioglu, Alper Can Babac, Selcuk Yurtsever, and Nukte Topraksever. "Extraction of Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni from Margarine Samples Using Extraction Induced by Emulsion Breaking Procedure Prior to Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry and Comparison of Results to Provisional Tolerable Daily Intake Values." Journal of AOAC INTERNATIONAL 103, no. 5 (February 28, 2020): 1256–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jaoacint/qsaa028.

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Abstract Background The emulsion induced by emulsion breaking (EIEB) procedure was previously reported for the extraction of copper, iron, manganese, and nickel from liquid oil samples such as vegetable oil. Objective To optimize the EIEB procedure for determination of copper, iron, manganese, and nickel in solid oil (margarine) samples by Graphite Furnace Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (GFAAS). Methods The extraction procedure uses a surfactant in nitric acid to form an emulsion followed by heating to break the emulsion. Optimization included variation of the test portion size, the type and concentration of the surfactant, the concentration of nitric acid in the aqueous solution, the emulsion agitation time, heating temperature, and the time required to break the emulsion. Results Mean element concentrations of 11 margarine samples were in the following ranges: Cu 0.031–0.131 µg/g, Fe 5.7–24.9 µg/g, Mn 0.542–1.11 µg/g, and Ni 0.108–0.134 µg/g. Under the optimized extraction conditions, the detection limits (µg/kg) were 4.8, 13, 1.5, and 23 for Cu, Fe, Mn, and Ni, respectively. The accuracy of the extraction procedure was determined by comparison to commonly used microwave digestion procedure. The EIEB results were not statistically different from the microwave digestion results when analyzed by GFAAS as determined by the statistical tests. Conclusions The EIEB procedure was shown to be equivalent to the commonly used microwave digestion procedure for extraction of analytes from margarine samples. Highlights The optimized EIEB extraction procedure is simple, rapid, low cost, and environmentally friendly. It has improved detection limits and allows calibration with aqueous standards.

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Zarandi, Masoud Nasiri, and Amirhossein Soltani. "Emulsion Liquid Membrane Design in Vitro for Removal of Lead from Aqueous Solution." Oriental Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 6 (November 2, 2018): 2747–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.13005/ojc/340609.

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The purpose of this study was to investigate the extraction of lead by emulsion liquid membrane as an effective alternative to conventional lead extraction methods. The emulsion included D-2-ethylhexyl phosphoric acid (D2EHPA) as a carrier, paraffin and kerosene composition as an organic solvent, Span 80 as an emulsifier and sulfuric acid as an internal stripping phase. In this project, 7 effective factors in extraction of lead were chosen by emulsion liquid membrane, which included concentration of sulfuric acid in the internal phase, volume ratio of the emulsion to external phase (Rew), the ratio of organic phase to internal phase (Roi), initial pH of external phase, contact time of the emulsion and external phase, carrier concentration and concentration of surfactant in the membrane phase. After the initial experiments to make a stable emulsion, membrane phase mix (70% paraffin and 30% kerosene), homogenizer speed (12000 rpm) and mixer speed (309 rpm) were selected. The final experiments were designed by Taguchi statistical method. Optimization was done according to higher extraction rate and the effect of each of these factors and their optimal values as well as optimal conditions were determined. By verification test, it was shown that more than 92% of lead can be extracted from a solution with a concentration of 2000 ppm.

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Hidayah, Nurul, Baharuddin Hamzah, and Purnama Ningsih. "Pengaruh Konsentrasi Surfaktan dan Perbandingan Volume Emulsi dengan Volume Fasa Eksternal Pada Ekstraksi Ion Merkuri Menggunakan Teknik Emulsi Membran Cair." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 6, no. 3 (January 16, 2018): 165. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2017.v6.i3.9440.

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Mercury ion extraction has been done using emulsion liquid membrane technique a research. The aim of the study is to determine the optimal conditions at the extraction process of mercury ion with research variables, namely variations of the surfactant concentration and the volume ratio of emulsion and external phase (Ve:Veks). In this study, the sample was 20 mg/L of Hg2+ ions in concentration. The concentration of mercury ions remaining in the sample after extraction were analyze using a UV-Vis Spectrophotometer at a wavelength of 490 nm using ditizon as complexation. The optimum condition far varying concentrations surfactant was 2% and the volume ratio of emulsion (Ve) and external phase (Veks) was 1:5 with the percentage of extraction respectively 47.65% and 56.80%.

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Al Badareen, M., I. Kayali, and M. Hanania. "Extraction and Microemulsion of Lupin Protein." Asian Journal of Chemistry 34, no. 11 (2022): 2942–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.14233/ajchem.2022.23923.

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In present study, protein and oil were extracted from sweet and bitter lupin that were used to define the phase behaviour of a three-component system (lupin oil, Tween 80/propylene glycol and water/lupin protein). Ternary phase diagrams were constructed and the optimum area of ternary phase diagrams corresponding to the formation of microemulsions were identified using emulsion titration method. Phase inversion composition method was applied, which involved the spontaneous formation of microemulsion, characterized by visual observation for their phase separation and optical clarity (e.g. transparency and opacity). Generally, o/w microemulsions were formed at a small region of the ternary phase diagrams with a relatively large ratio of water/lupin protein. Some differences between the sweet and bitter lupin diagrams were observed in regions, including bi- and multiphase, liquid crystals, gel and coarse emulsions. The physical characteristics of the microemulsions did not change with different storage temperatures.

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Jusoh, Norela, Norasikin Othman, Leonie Lenta Anak Alfred Ambi, Norul Fatiha Mohamed Noah, Muhammad Bukhari Rosly, and Hilmi Abdul Rahman. "Empirical correlation of stable double emulsion system of organic compound extraction in emulsion liquid membrane process." Malaysian Journal of Fundamental and Applied Sciences 18, no. 2 (May 16, 2022): 197–205. http://dx.doi.org/10.11113/mjfas.v18n2.2328.

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The stability of emulsion is crucial in the emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) process. It has been discovered that the size of emulsion droplets and globules is related to ELM stability and can be predicted using a correlation model. In this study, the best correlation for the emulsion size prediction was determined for ELM extraction of succinic acid. Several parameters affecting the emulsion sizes and stability including emulsification speed, emulsification time, agitation speed, and treat ratio were evaluated. A new correlation for the succinic acid system was obtained that fit experimental data between 0.1-0.5 dispersed phased holdup fraction. From the study, the Weber number depended on the emulsification speed, emulsification time, and agitation speed, which consequently affected the predicted emulsion size. This study demonstrates that mathematical correlations can be used to predict the size of emulsion droplets and globules in the ELM process of organic compound extraction.

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Santoso, Imam, Bachri Amran, and Apriliana Laily Fitri. "SEPARATION OF PENICILLIN G FROM FERMENTATION BROTH BY EMULSION LIQUID MEMBRANE TECHNIQUE." Indonesian Journal of Chemistry 10, no. 1 (June 21, 2010): 46–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.22146/ijc.21496.

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The separation of penicillin G from fermentation broth can be done by emulsion liquid membrane technique. The aim of this research is to establish the optimal conditions for the extraction and separation of penicillin G using emulsion liquid membrane technique. The optimal conditions were found to be at ratio of internal phase volume to membrane phase volume of 1:1 ; time of making emulsion, 1 min ; emulsion contact rate, 300 rpm; rate of stirring of emulsion, 2000 rpm ; rest time of emulsion, 13 min; concentration of penicillin G as external phase, 375 ppm; and concentration of surfactant, 5% (v/v). pH of internal phase is 8; pH of external phase 5; ratio of emulsion phase volume to external phase volume, 1:2 and concentration of carrier 2 mM. The concentration of penicillin G and phenylacetic acid from fermentation results were 24771 mg/L and 32675 mg/L. Extraction by emulsion liquid membrane technique gave the percentage of penicillin G 53.38% and phenylacetic acid 60.41%. The percentage phenylacetic acid which is still higher (60.41%) indicated that the penicillin G could not completely be separated from phenylacetic acid by emulsion liquid membrane technique. Keywords: penicillin G, fermentation, emulsion liquid membrane technique

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Verma, Vaishali, Amita Gupta, and Vijay K. Chaudhary. "Emulsion PCR made easy." BioTechniques 69, no. 1 (July 2020): 64–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.2144/btn-2019-0161.

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Emulsion PCR (ePCR) is an important technique that permits amplification of DNA molecules in physically separated picoliter-volume water-in-oil droplets, and thus avoids formation of unproductive chimeras and other artifacts between similar DNA sequences. However, the recovery of ePCR products involves repeated extraction with hazardous organic solvents followed by purification using silica-based columns, making the overall process cumbersome. In this benchmark, we have described a quick ePCR extraction protocol for the purification of ePCR products, which directly employs silica-based DNA purification columns; products purified using this method have been found to be compatible with gene cloning and next-generation sequencing applications. The method described here makes ePCR easy, safe and within the reach of every laboratory.

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Jiang, Cheng Zhi, Xiu Jing Zhai, Ting An Zhang, and Yan Qiu Tan. "Simultaneity Extraction of Iron and Nickel from Acidic Leaching Solution of Laterite Ores with Emulsion Liquid Membrane." Advanced Materials Research 391-392 (December 2011): 1287–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.391-392.1287.

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The W/O/W double emulsion was prepared using Span-80 as surfactant, tributyl phosphate (TBP) as extractant, NH3•H2O solution as internal aqueous phase and kerosene as diluting agent. Simultaneity extraction of Iron and Nickel are from acidic leaching solution of laterite ones with the emulsion liquid membrane. The effects of various factors on the extractive result have been examined and discussed. The suitable composition of liquid membrane was: Span-80=5 %; TBP=4 %; NH3•H2O =2 mol/L; kerosene =89 %. And technological operating condition was determined as follows: Roi=1:1; Rew=1:3; sulphate solutions in external phase are 0.1mol/L. Under the optimal operation conditions, the secondary extraction efficiency of Nickel (II) and Iron is onto 90%.

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Hamzah, Baharuddin, Noor Jalaluddin, Abdul Wahid Wahab, and Ambo Upe. "Pengaruh Ion Kadmium(II) dan Nikel(II) pada Ekstraksi Ion Tembaga(II) dengan Ekstraktan 4-Benzoil -1-Fenil-3-Metil- 2- Pirazolin-5-On Menggunakan Emulsi Membran Cair." Jurnal Natur Indonesia 13, no. 3 (November 21, 2012): 269. http://dx.doi.org/10.31258/jnat.13.3.269-275.

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The effects of cadmium(II) and nickel(II) ions to copper(II) extraction using liquid membrane emulsion with 4-benzoyl-3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-on (HPMBP) as an extractant was studied. The optimum condition forcopper(II) extraction were as follows: emulsification rate=2000 rpm, emulsification time=10 minutes, extractionrate=300 rpm, extraction time=15 minutes, concentration of mixed surfactant (span 80+span 20)=3%, volumeratio of membrane phase and internal phase=1:1, concentration of HPMBP=0.020 M, concentration of HCl=1M,volume ratio of emulsion and external phase=1:7. The result showed that the extraction of copper(II) by liquidmembrane emulsion with HPMBP as an extractant was selective to cadmium(II) and nickel(II) ions, relatively. Theresult also showed that in the extraction of 500 mg/l copper(II), the presence of 500 mg/l of nickel(II) was decreasingthe percentage of copper(II) extraction to be 83.73. While, the presence of 500 mg/l of cadmium(II) does notinfluence the percentage extraction of copper(II), relatively.

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Pratiwi, Hesti, Ni Luh Ari Yusasrini, and I. Nengah Kencana Putra. "PENGARUH pH EKSTRAKSI TERHADAP RENDEMEN, SIFAT FISIKO-KIMIA DAN FUNGSIONAL KONSENTRAT PROTEIN KACANG GUDE (Cajanus cajan (L.) Millsp.)." Jurnal Ilmu dan Teknologi Pangan (ITEPA) 7, no. 1 (January 22, 2018): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/itepa.2018.v07.i01.p01.

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The purpose of this research are to know the effect of pH extraction on yield, physico-chemical and functional properties of pigeon pea protein concentrate, and also to know the appropriate pH extraction to obtain the best yield and properties of pigeon pea protein concentrate. The research was using Randomized Complete Design with pH extraction treatment which consist of five levels were 9; 9,5; 10; 10,5; and 11. The parameters were observed consist of yield, physical properties (lightness), chemical properties (protein and moisture), and protein’s functional properties (water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, emulsion capacity and stability, and foaming capacity and stability). The result showed that pH extraction gave a significant effect to protein and moisture, and gave very significant effect to yield, lightness (L), water holding capacity, oil holding capacity, emulsion capacity, emulsion stability, foaming capacity and foaming stability of pigeon pea protein concentrate. The best properties of protein concentrate was found at sample which treatment of pH 10 with a yield 17,29% (db), lightness (L) 18,84, protein 86,15% (db), moisture 7,96% (db), water holding capacity 1,96 ml H2O/g solid, oil holding capacity 2,62 ml oil/g solid, emulsion capacity 54,67%, emulsion stability 54,83%, foaming capacity 100%, and foaming stability 38,19%.

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BRAJA FAHAD, QURESHI, QURESHI KHADIJA, KHATRI ZEESHAN, MALIK SAMANDER ALI, RAJPUT A. WAQAR, and BHATTI INAMULLAH. "Efficient removal of Indigo dye from aqueous solution by an innovative method of emulsion liquid membrane." Industria Textila 69, no. 06 (January 1, 2019): 472–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.35530/it.069.06.1482.

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Extraction of Indigo dye from aqueous solution is studied in this research using Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM). Water/Oil (W/O) emulsion was prepared by mixing aqueous phase with organic phase at an elevated homogenizing speed. H2SO4 and Hexane were used as internal stripping agent and organic diluent respectively. Monooleate Sorbitan commonly known as Span-80 was used as surfactant in organic phase. This W/O emulsion was later mixed with external feed phase containing Indigo dye to make W/O/W double emulsion. Stability of the membrane was optimized by experimenting different operating parameters. The ELM prepared under the optimum conditions was finally used to remove Indigo dye from aqueous solution. The parametric study of the process parameters affecting the extraction efficiency was also performed. Under optimum conditions of parameters like volume ratio of emulsion/feed, dye concentration in feed, stirring speed and contact time of two phases, the extraction of Indigo dye was found to be 99%. Therefore, ELM was found to be an attractive and effective technique for the removal of dyes.

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Al-Damluji, Farrah Emad, and Ahmed A. Mohammed. "Performance Evaluation of Emulsion Liquid Membrane on Chlorpyrifos Pesticide Removal: Stability, Mass Transfer Coefficient, and Extraction Efficiency Studies." Engineering, Technology & Applied Science Research 13, no. 1 (February 5, 2023): 9872–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.48084/etasr.5401.

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Emulsion Liquid Membrane (ELM) is an emerging technology that removes contaminants from water and industrial wastewater. This study investigated the stability and extraction efficiency of ELM for the removal of Chlorpyrifos Pesticide (CP) from wastewater. The stability was studied in terms of emulsion breakage. The proposed ELM included n-hexane as a diluent, span-80 as a surfactant, and hydrochloric acid (HCl) as a stripping agent. Parameters such as mixing speed, aqueous feed solution pH, internal-to-organic membrane volume ratio, and external-to-emulsion volume ratio were investigated. A minimum emulsion breakage of 0.66% coupled with a maximum chlorpyrifos extraction and stripping efficiency were achieved at 96.1% and 95.7% at best-operating conditions of 250/50 external-to-emulsion volume ratio, external feed solution pH 6, 250rpm mixing speed, and 1:1 internal-to-membrane volume ratio at 10min contact time without utilizing a carrier agent. A study of extraction kinetics and estimation of mass transfer coefficient was also conducted (3.89×10-9m/s). The results of this work can be extended to the removal of other types of pesticides from wastewater.

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Chaudhuri, J. B., and D. L. Phyle. "Emulsion liquid membrane extraction of organic acids—I. A theoretical model for lactic acid extraction with emulsion swelling." Chemical Engineering Science 47, no. 1 (January 1992): 41–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0009-2509(92)80198-l.

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Hamidon, Nurul Hazirah, Dayang Norulfairuz Abang Zaidel, and Yanti Maslina Mohd Jusoh. "Optimization of Pectin Extraction from Sweet Potato Peels Using Citric Acid and its Emulsifying Properties." Recent Patents on Food, Nutrition & Agriculture 11, no. 3 (December 10, 2020): 202–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/2212798411666200207102051.

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Background: Pectin is a natural polysaccharide that has been used widely as a stabilizer in food emulsion system. Objective: This study aimed to optimize the yield of pectin extracted from sweet potato residue and investigate its emulsifying properties. Methods: Response surface methodology (RSM) has been utilized to investigate the pectin extracted from sweet potato peels using citric acid as the extracting solvent. Investigation of the effect of different extraction conditions namely temperature (°C), time (min) and solution pH on pectin yield (%) were conducted. A Box-Benhken design with three levels of variation was used to optimize the extraction conditions. Results: The optimal conditions determined were at temperature 76°C, time 64 min and pH 1.2 with 65.2% yield of pectin. The degree of esterification (DE) of the sweet potato pectin was determined using Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) Spectroscopy. The pectin is a high-methoxyl pectin with DE of 58.5%. Emulsifying properties of sweet potato pectin was investigated by measuring the zeta-potential, particle size and creaming index with addition of 0.4 and 1.0 wt % pectin to the emulsion. Conclusion: Extraction using citric acid could improve the pectin yield. Improved emulsion stability was observed with the addition of the sweet potato pectin.

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Amin, Alif Hidayatullah, Baharuddin Hamzah, and Purnama Ningsih. "Pengaruh Konsentrasi Surfaktan Campuran (Span 80 dan Span 20) dan Rasio Volume Emulsi/Fasa Eksternal terhadap Ekstraksi Ion Kadmium (Cd) Menggunakan Teknik Emulsi Membran Cair." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 7, no. 4 (December 1, 2018): 210. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2018.v7.i4.11948.

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Research on the extraction of cadmium(II) ion has been performed using the emulsion liquid membrane technique. This research used laboratory experimental method using benzoyl acetone as a carrier, kerosene as a membrane, nitric acid solution as an internal phase, span 80 and span 20 as a surfactant, and cadmium(II) solution as a sample. The present study was conducted to determine the optimum conditions of cadmium(II) ion extraction in solutions comprising variations in surfactant concentration of spans 80 and span 20 mixtures (1.5–3.5%) and variations in the ratio of emulsion/external phase (1:5–1:7). Determination of remaining of cadmium(II) ion concentration in the sample was analyzed using UV-Vis spectrophotometer at 519 nm wavelength. The results showed that the concentration of mixed surfactants (span 80 and span 20) which resulted in a maximum percent of extraction was 2.5% with 60.11% extraction percentage. In addition, the volume ratio of the emulsion/external phase gave a maximum extraction percentage at a ratio of 1:5.5 with an extraction percent of 78.03%.

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Itri, Simona, Marianna Gallo, Carlo Orefice, Isidoro Garella, Marica Di Domenico, Serena Vitali, Vitale Stanzione, Simonetta Grilli, Pietro Ferraro, and Roberto Nigro. "Oil Bodies Cream from Olive Paste: Extraction of a Functional Ingredient for Developing a Stable Food Emulsion." Applied Sciences 12, no. 12 (June 14, 2022): 6019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12126019.

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Oil bodies (OBs) dispersed in an aqueous medium form a natural emulsion with high physical and microbiological stability. This work was focused on the development of a new protocol for extracting OBs from olive paste, through the extraction of an olive oil body cream (OOBC) with a yield of about 43% (wt/wt) in approximately 2 h. The proximate analysis revealed the presence of moisture, lipids and proteins as well as the contents of polyphenols and flavonoids, and the antioxidant powers were determined. The rheological and tribological performances of the OOBC were evaluated. Moreover, we measured a size distribution in the range of 0.7–1.7 m, by using a standard optical microscope. The results have demonstrated clearly that the OOBC extracted from the olive paste can be used as a functional and vegan ingredient in food emulsions.

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Veselá, M. "Amaranth seed extraction by propan-2-ol after enzymatic treatment." Czech Journal of Food Sciences 22, SI - Chem. Reactions in Foods V (January 1, 2004): S177—S178. http://dx.doi.org/10.17221/10653-cjfs.

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A process of amaranth seed grinding followed by extraction was studied. For fat emulsion stability impairment the enzyme G-Zyme<sup>®</sup>G999 was used. Using this process the improved fat separation was achieved.

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Никонова, Н. Н., Т. В. Хуршкайнен, and А. В. Кучин. "Mathematical planning of experiments to optimize the extraction of extractive substances from needles of Pinus sylvestris." Известия СПбЛТА, no. 235 (June 1, 2021): 221–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.21266/2079-4304.2021.235.221-237.

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Представленная работа посвящена определению оптимальных условий выделения суммы экстрактивных веществ из древесной зелени сосны методом эмульсионной экстракции. Экологически безопасный эмульсионный метод экстракции растительного сырья в водно-щелочной среде не уступает традиционным методам извлечения низкомолекулярных компонентов и позволяет эффективно выделять как гидрофильные, так и гидрофобные соединения. Объектом данного исследования являются отходы лесозаготовок - древесная зелень сосны обыкновенной - источник природных биологически активных веществ, имеющих практическое применение. Определение оптимальных условий экстракции ДЗ сосны эмульсионным способом в данном исследовании было проведено методом поверхности отклика с использованием ротатабельного композиционного униформ-плана второго порядка, который включал 13 экспериментальных опытов со всеми возможными комбинациями уровней двух изучаемых факторов: концентрации водного раствора NaOH и гидромодуля : отношения объема щелочного раствора к массе сырья. Анализ результатов исследований показал, что в заданном интервале варьирования факторов наибольшее влияние на выход экстрактивных веществ оказывает гидромодуль, при увеличении которого до 10:1 выход увеличивается, далее устанавливается равновесная концентрация в системе «сырье – экстрагент». Установлены оптимальные условия эмульсионной экстракции древесной зелени сосны: концентрация водного раствора NaOH - 5%, гидромодуль - 10:1. В оптимальных условиях выход экстрактивных веществ составил 9,84% от массы сухого сырья, что сопоставимо с результатами, полученными традиционными методами экстракции сырья органическими растворителями. The presented work is devoted to the determination of the optimal conditions for the isolation of the sum of extractives from wood greenery (WG) of Pinus sylvestris by the method of emulsion extraction. The environmentally friendly emulsion method for the extraction of plant raw materials in an aqueous-alkaline medium is not inferior to the traditional methods of extracting low molecular weight components and makes it possible to effectively isolate both hydrophilic and hydrophobic compounds. The object of this study is logging waste – woody greenery of Pinus sylvestris – a source of natural biologically active substances that have practical application. The determination of the optimal conditions for the extraction of WG pine by the emulsion method in this study was carried out by the response surface method using a rotatable compositional uniform plan of the second order, which included 13 experiments with all possible combinations of the levels of two studied factors: the concentration of an aqueous solution of NaOH and the hydromodule – ratio of the volume of water-alkaline solution to the mass of raw materials. Analysis of the research results showed that in a given range of variation of factors, the greatest influence on the yield of extractive substances is exerted by the hydromodule, with an increase of which to 10: 1, the yield increases, then an equilibrium concentration is established in the "raw material – extractant" system. The optimal conditions for emulsion extraction of WG pine were established: concentration of an aqueous solution of NaOH – 5%, hydromodule 10:1. Under optimal conditions, the yield of extractive substances was 9,84% of the weight of the dry raw material, which is comparable with the results obtained by traditional methods of raw material extraction with organic solvents.

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Durve, Mihir, Andriano Tiribocchi, Andrea Montessori, Marco Lauricella, and Sauro Succi. "Machine learning assisted droplet trajectories extraction in dense emulsions." Communications in Applied and Industrial Mathematics 13, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 70–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/caim-2022-0006.

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Abstract This work analyzes trajectories obtained by YOLO and DeepSORT algorithms of dense emulsion systems simulated via lattice Boltzmann methods. The results indicate that the individual droplet’s moving direction is influenced more by the droplets immediately behind it than the droplets in front of it. The analysis also provide hints on constraints of a dynamical model of droplets for the dense emulsion in narrow channels.

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Wu, Xinghui, Mingshuo Luo, Li Zhao, Shengnan Wang, Danshi Zhu, Lina Yang, and He Liu. "Emulsification characteristics of soy hull polysaccharides obtained by membrane separation." International Food Research Journal 29, no. 5 (October 25, 2022): 1215–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.47836/ifrj.29.5.22.

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Membrane separation technology was used to separate and purify the microwave-assisted oxalic acid extraction of soy hull polysaccharides (MOSP) in order to obtain samples of different molecular weights. The emulsification characteristics of the MOSP were investigated including protein adsorption, polysaccharide adsorption, interfacial tension, emulsion index, and particle size; optical microscopy and Phenom electron microscopy were used to elucidate the emulsion structures. In addition, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), atomic force microscopy (AFM), and high-performance gel-filtration chromatography (HPGFC) were used to study the differences in the components and structures of MOSP in different molecular weights. The molecular weight had several important effects on the emulsifying properties of MOSP. The adsorption capacities of the emulsion droplets containing low molecular weight MOSP (L-MOSP), middle molecular weight MOSP (M-MOSP), and high molecular weight MOSP (H-MOSP) were relatively low, and those of H-MOSP were slightly higher than those of L-MOSP. With extended storage time, the particle sizes of the emulsions rich in L-MOSP, M-MOSP, and H-MOSP increased. L-MOSP, M-MOSP, and H-MOSP were mainly composed of furans. The conformation of the molecular chain was spherical. The emulsions formed with H-MOSP were the most stable.

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Koliastasi, Aikaterini, Vasiliki Kompothekra, Charilaos Giotis, Antonis K. Moustakas, Efstathia P. Skotti, Argyrios Gerakis, Eleni Kalogianni, and Christos Ritzoulis. "Emulsifiers from Partially Composted Olive Waste." Foods 8, no. 7 (July 20, 2019): 271. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods8070271.

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Partial (one month) composting of solid olive processing waste is shown to produce extractable emulsifiers. Size exclusion chromatography (SEC) and Fourier-transform infra-red spectroscopy (FTIR) show that these consist of polysaccharides and proteins from the composted waste. Aqueous extraction at pH 5, pH 7, and pH 9 all yield extracts rich in oligosacchrides and oligopeptides which derive from the break-down of the macromolecules under composting, with the extract obtained at pH 5 being the richer in such components. Fourier-transform infra-red (FTIR) spectroscopy also confirms that these materials consist of proteinic and poly/oligosaccharidic populations. These materials can emulsify stable oil–in–water emulsions at pH 3 for a few days, while the same emulsions collapse in less than 24 h at pH 7. Confocal microscopy and droplet size distribution data suggest that Ostwald ripening, rather than coalescence, is the major course of emulsion instability. The above point to a short-process alternative to full composting in producing a high added value product from solid olive processing waste.

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Östbring, Karolina, María Matos, Ali Marefati, Cecilia Ahlström, and Gemma Gutiérrez. "The Effect of pH and Storage Temperature on the Stability of Emulsions Stabilized by Rapeseed Proteins." Foods 10, no. 7 (July 18, 2021): 1657. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10071657.

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Rapeseed press cake (RPC), the by-product of rapeseed oil production, contains proteins with emulsifying properties, which can be used in food applications. Proteins from industrially produced RPC were extracted at pH 10.5 and precipitated at pH 3 (RPP3) and 6.5 (RPP6.5). Emulsions were formulated at three different pHs (pH 3, 4.5, and 6) with soy lecithin as control, and were stored for six months at either 4 °C or 30 °C. Zeta potential and droplet size distribution were analyzed prior to incubation, and emulsion stability was assessed over time by a Turbiscan instrument. Soy lecithin had significantly larger zeta potential (−49 mV to 66 mV) than rapeseed protein (−19 mV to 20 mV). Rapeseed protein stabilized emulsions with smaller droplets at pH close to neutral, whereas soy lecithin was more efficient at lower pHs. Emulsions stabilized by rapeseed protein had higher stability during storage compared to emulsions prepared by soy lecithin. Precipitation pH during the protein extraction process had a strong impact on the emulsion stability. RPP3 stabilized emulsions with higher stability in pHs close to neutral, whereas the opposite was found for RPP6.5, which stabilized more stable emulsions in acidic conditions. Rapeseed proteins recovered from cold-pressed RPC could be a suitable natural emulsifier and precipitation pH can be used to monitor the stability in emulsions with different pHs.

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Sulniawati, Sulniawati, Baharuddin Hamzah, and Paulus Hengky Abram. "Ekstraksi Ion Merkuri MenggunakanTeknik Emulsi Membran Cair dengan Variasi Konsentrasi Benzoil Aseton dalam Fasa Membran dan Variasi pH Fasa Eksternal." Jurnal Akademika Kimia 6, no. 4 (January 16, 2018): 232. http://dx.doi.org/10.22487/j24775185.2017.v6.i4.9454.

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Mercury ion extraction using the liquid membrane emulsion technique with the variation of benzoil aseton concentration in membrane phase and variation of pH of external phase has been done. The sample containing Hg2+ ions with a concentration of 20 mg/L. Variation of benzoil aseton were concentration of 0.01 M, 0.015 M, 0.02 M and 0.025 M, whereas variation of external phase pH used were 1,5; 2; 2,5; 3 and 3,5. The measurement of extraction was conducted by using UV-Vis spectrophotometer. The results showed that the largest percent extraction on the extraction of mercury ions in solution by using liquid membrane emulsion was at a concentration of benzoil aseton 0.02 M with the percentage of extraction 79.33% and the pH external phase 2 with the percentage of extraction 85.30%.

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Sevda G l, Sevda G. l., and Aynur Manzak and G. k. en etinel Aynur Manzak and G k en etinel. "Prediction of Succinic Acid Extraction Efficiency in the Emulsion Liquid Membrane by using Machine Learning Techniques." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 43, no. 2 (2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000561/jcsp/43.02.2021.

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This research aims to predict succinic acid concentration in the external phase during the emulsion liquid membrane process by using artificial neural networks along with a popular alternative method: k-nearest neighbor technique. The solute concentration values can be predicted by the proposed method without performing a great number of emulsion liquid membrane experiments. Several computer simulations were performed to demonstrate the success of the system. Simulation results showed that the estimated solute concentration values are very close to the achieved experimental results. The optimal conditions for emulsion liquid membrane were found to be: solvent kerosene, TOPO concentration (1%w/w), Amberlite LA-2 concentration (4%w/w), surfactant concentration (5%w/w), Na2CO3 concentration (5%w/v), modifier (decanol) concentration (2%w/w), mixing speed 300 rpm. The average accuracy percentages achieved by artificial neural network and k-nearest neighbor approaches were 88.75and#177;1.94% and 90.2and#177;1.2%, respectively.

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Sevda G l, Sevda G. l., and Aynur Manzak and G. k. en etinel Aynur Manzak and G k en etinel. "Prediction of Succinic Acid Extraction Efficiency in the Emulsion Liquid Membrane by using Machine Learning Techniques." Journal of the chemical society of pakistan 43, no. 2 (2021): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.52568/000561.

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Abstract:

This research aims to predict succinic acid concentration in the external phase during the emulsion liquid membrane process by using artificial neural networks along with a popular alternative method: k-nearest neighbor technique. The solute concentration values can be predicted by the proposed method without performing a great number of emulsion liquid membrane experiments. Several computer simulations were performed to demonstrate the success of the system. Simulation results showed that the estimated solute concentration values are very close to the achieved experimental results. The optimal conditions for emulsion liquid membrane were found to be: solvent kerosene, TOPO concentration (1%w/w), Amberlite LA-2 concentration (4%w/w), surfactant concentration (5%w/w), Na2CO3 concentration (5%w/v), modifier (decanol) concentration (2%w/w), mixing speed 300 rpm. The average accuracy percentages achieved by artificial neural network and k-nearest neighbor approaches were 88.75and#177;1.94% and 90.2and#177;1.2%, respectively.

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Mohd Harun, Mohd Hazarel Zairy, and Abdul Latif Ahmad. "Optimisation of Ibuprofen Extraction by Emulsion Liquid Membrane Using Box-Behnken Design." Journal of Physical Science 33, no. 2 (August 25, 2022): 95–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.21315/jps2022.33.2.6.

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Emulsion liquid membrane (ELM) is a potential method for extracting ibuprofen (IBP) from aqueous solution. The concentrations of the carrier, surfactant and internal phases are important parameters to optimise the extraction efficiency of IBP. The Box-Behnken design (BBD) is used to optimise the main parameters of ELM, which are Aliquat 336 (A), Span 80 (B) and sodium carbonate, Na2CO3 (C). The responses were calculated using quadratic polynomial regression and the model suggests a significant result with the experimental data set, with the F-value and p-value calculated at 17.88% and 0.05%, respectively. Span 80 and Na2CO3 had a mutual interaction which was significant for the IBP extraction by ELM. At the optimised parameters, namely Aliquat 336 concentration (2 wt%), Span 80 concentration (4 wt%) and Na2CO3 concentration (0.1 M) resulted in 96.78% of IBP extraction.

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Algburi, Dr Abbas K. "Continuous Separation Process of Water-in-Crude Oil Emulsion by Simultaneous Application of an Electrical Field Combined with a Novel Absorbent Based on Functionalised PolyHIPE Polymer." Journal of Petroleum Research and Studies 11, no. 4 (December 20, 2021): 91–113. http://dx.doi.org/10.52716/jprs.v11i4.565.

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During the extraction process of crude oil, the removal of water from a high stability water-in-crude oil emulsions is life-threatening for the production of a profitable product. However, several technologies of separation exist today, e.g. stripping columns, centrifugal separators, coalescence separators, vacuum distillation systems and gravity separators, almost all of these approaches are not able to completely remove water from water-in-crude oil emulsions besides their high cost. In this study, the preparation of a high internal phase emulsion (HIPE) was achieved on a laboratory scale. Subsequently, it was polymerized and sulphonated to produce a hydrophilic macroporous polyHIPE polymer (PHP) called silane (vinyl trimethoxy silane) PHP with a relatively high surface area of 104 m 2/g. It demonstrates high water absorption capability in addition to its ability to remove surface active substances such as Mg, Ca, Na and Cl, from crude oil which cause crude oil emulsification. The rates of demulsification of water-in-crude oil emulsions were examined in high AC field under various emulsion inlet flow rates from 100 ml/min to 1500 ml/min and different applied voltages from 1-5 kV (equivalent to 14-69 kV/m) by using a model of an electrostatic separator combined with silane PHP as absorber. It was found that the best separation efficiency was 91% with applied voltage of 5 kV and emulsion inlet flow rate of 100 ml/min. When the spent silane PHP was reused in the demulsification process under similar conditions, a separation efficiency of up to 73% was achieved. Also, it was noticed that the separation efficiency was increased with the increase in applied voltage and reduction in the inlet flow rate of emulsion. Moreover, the original or spent silane PHP were able to remove the undesired metals present in the crude oil. Keywords: Demulsification; Emulsion flow rate; Separation efficiency; Electrostatic Separator; Electric field strength.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Emulsion extraction'

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