Journal articles: 'Emulsion explosives'

1

Yan, Shi Long, Xing Hua Xie, and Hui Sheng Zhou. "Deflagration of Emulsion Explosive." Advanced Materials Research 1082 (December 2014): 18–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.18.

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Analog emulsion explosives production, observed its detonation. Deflagration and detonation of explosives determine how the phenomenon is long plagued with explosive materials in the field of military issues directly related to the safe and efficient use of explosives, by observing the special emulsion explosive blasting product, you can visually distinguish qualitatively blasting boundaries. Emulsion explosive detonation accompanied undecomposed completely yellow mist generated, and XRD test results showed the product to an amorphous structure, with detonation products feature a clear distinction.Then the factors of hot spots generated in the production of emulsion explosives and the occurred conditions of the heat accumulation are analyzed and summarized.

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Xie, Xing Hua, Lei Wang, and Hui Sheng Zhou. "Enlightment of “May 20” Explosion Accident." Advanced Materials Research 1082 (December 2014): 391–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.391.

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This paper introduces the "5.20" of the emulsion explosive incident and analysis the cause of the accident. Based on the production of explosion accident summarizes the security problems of emulsion explosive production process, and relevant measures are put forward. Combining the decomposition mechanism of ammonium nitrate in the emulsion explosives and the lessons from the production of emulsion explosives explosion, the conditions of the emulsion explosives (matrix) thermal decomposition in the emulsifier are given that are the formation of hot spot and the accumulation of heat. Then the factors of hot spots generated in the production of emulsion explosives and the occurred conditions of the heat accumulation are analyzed and summarized.

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Liu, Lei, Xu Guang Wang, Yi Yang, and Guo Hua Wang. "Experimental Method Study on Emulsion Explosives under Hydrostatic Pressure in Models Blasting." Advanced Materials Research 524-527 (May 2012): 569–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.524-527.569.

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Study on compression resistance of emulsion explosives can provide a theoretical basis for underwater blasting and deep-hole basting and development of emulsion explosives. Environment of deep water charge is simulated by a change of pressure of the micro-explosive device .The micro-explosive device was put in the reserved drill hole of mortar test block and applied rating pressure to explode, through fractal theory G-G-S lumpiness distribution function, which was used to date processing to study the fallen extent of explosion capability of emulsion explosives under hydrostatic pressure. The practice has shown that this is an effective new experimental method to study the fallen extent of explosion capability of emulsion explosives under hydrostatic through blasting effects.

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Zhou, Hui Sheng, Xing Hua Xie, and Kang Xu. "Stability Test of Emulsion Matrix in the Emulsifier." Advanced Materials Research 1082 (December 2014): 26–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.26.

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Aqueous emulsion explosives are oxidants andcarbonaceous fuel through theemulsifier, the use of technology toprepare emulsion obtained byemulsifying system in the thermodynamic sense isan unstable system. Therefore,the stability of emulsion explosives is a fundamentalproblem. Stability refers to the so-called emulsion explosives and their ability tomaintain the physical state of constantchange significantly explosiveperformance does not occur that emulsionexplosives stratification occursduring storage at room temperature,variations, breaking and loss experienced by the time of detonation capability. Storage stability is a measure of good or bad quality ofemulsion explosives is an important pointer, which determines the size of an emulsion explosive production,application conditions and ranges.By X-ray diffractionand microstructure analysis, intuitive judgment pastestability of emulsion explosives,which provides a potential industrial testmethod for solving emulsionexplosive powder and colloidalcrystallization caking hardening problems.

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Sinitsyn, Victor, Pavel Menshikov, and Vyacheslav Kutuev. "Estimation of Influence of Explosive Characteristics of Emulsion Explosives on Shotpile Width." E3S Web of Conferences 56 (2018): 01003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/20185601003.

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The article deals with the question of the effect of explosive characteristics of emulsion explosives on the shotpile width. Currently, there are two main points of view to select an efficient type of explosive, which contributes to the qualitative destruction (fragmentation) of coarse clastic rocks. The first is based on the assumption that the detonation velocity of explosives must correspond to the break-down point of the rock (dynamic compression). Another point of view is that the detonation pressure of explosives determines only the head part of the pulse, on which the rock fragmentation is dependent only near the charge, in the contact zone around the borehole. The fragmentation of the entire rock volume within a given borehole array depends on the total magnitude of the explosion pulse, determined not by the detonation velocity, but by the total energy reserve of the explosive charge. Experimental explosions with some of the most common industrial explosives have been carried out in the current conditions of blasting of borehole charges by various types of industrial explosives from the point of view to select the most important parameter, which determines its influence on the shotpile width The investigations have been carried out according to the data obtained to establish that the energy properties of explosives (heat of explosive transformation and density of explosives) determine the decisive influence on the shotpile width, and the operability, the volume of the released gases, the detonation velocity for the change in the shotpile width have very little effect and may not be taken into account in calculations for the prediction of the shotpile.

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Liu, Lei, Hongyu Qi, Haitao Zhang, and Yongzhi Cai. "Experimental Study on Emulsion Explosive Blasting under Different Under-Water Pressure." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2381, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012072. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2381/1/012072.

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Abstract This paper aims to study the effects of different water depths on the properties of emulsion explosives by use of an emulsion explosive underwater explosion test system for different hydrostatic pressure under the condition of 0.2% sodium nitrite sensitized emulsion explosive blasting model experiments. The results showed that the experiment designed by simulation of underwater explosion test equipment can be used in the explosive performance test sample in the compression state explosion. It can better simulate the explosive environment under different depth conditions. After blasting, the fractal dimension of concrete fragments decreases first and then rises with the increase of water pressure, and reaches an inflection point between 0.3 mpa and 0. 5mpa, which proves that water depth has a certain effect on the performance of explosives, and the effect is not linear distribution. This experimental study could provide a certain basis for subsequent research on underwater explosive characteristics of emulsion explosives.

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Sun, Weibo, Xuefeng Gao, Yan Wang, and Yanjun Tong. "Thermal Safety Analysis of On-Site Emulsion Explosives Mixed with Waste Engine Oil." Energies 15, no. 3 (January 26, 2022): 895. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15030895.

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The study of the thermal safety of emulsion explosives mixed with waste engine oil is very important for the safety of these types of explosives used in mine blasting. In order to study the thermal safety of emulsion explosives mixed with waste engine oil, thermal safety tests were carried out using a Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC), non-isothermal kinetics, and the Flynn–Wall–Ozawa method. The results show that the minor particle impurities in the filtered waste engine oil are mainly combustibles; after adding different amounts of waste engine oil, the activation energy of the emulsion matrix decreases from 110.33 kJ/mol to 75.39 kJ/mol, 74.50 kJ/mol, and 82.23 kJ/mol, and the critical temperature for thermal explosion changes from 194.16 °C to 169.73 °C, 227.47 °C, and 208.78 °C. The addition of waste engine oil reduces the activation energy of emulsion explosives. The waste engine oil is negatively correlated with the activation energy and the thermal explosion reaction temperature of emulsion explosives, and the correlation coefficient is −0.686 and −0.333. The emulsifier is positively correlated with the critical temperature of thermal explosion of emulsion explosives, and the correlation coefficient is 0.251. The small particles in the waste engine oil create a hot spot in the emulsion explosives, which reduces the thermal safety of the emulsion explosives mixed with waste engine oil. The emulsifier reduces the droplet size of the emulsion explosive, improves the oil-water interface strength, and improves the thermal safety of the emulsion explosives mixed with waste engine oil. The thermal safety of emulsion explosives mixed with waste engine oil can be improved by reducing the proportion of the sensitizer and increasing the proportion of the emulsifier.

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Zhou, Hui Sheng, Xing Hua Xie, Shao Bo Yan, and Zeng Yuan Li. "Ceramic Oxides from Liquid Explosive Reaction." Key Engineering Materials 807 (June 2019): 176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.807.176.

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This investigation promotes the design of emulsion explosives and the development of detonation theory on a microscale. As the total composition of oxidizing and reducing elements of the reactants leave related to the thermochemistry of the system, the computational details of predicting the temperatures of detonation were introduced. It was found that a significant improvement was achieved in the emulsion explosives with an aquiferous system. An improvement in the detonation synthesis of nanolithium and zinc oxides is due to the formation of an activated matrix of the metal nitrates’ oxidizer with the corresponding fuel. Temperatures of detonation of emulsion explosives and explosive formulations are predicted using thermochemistry information. The methodology assumes that the heat of detonation of an explosive compound of composition CaHbNcOdLieZnf can be approximated as the difference between the heats of formation of the detonation products and that of the explosive, divided by the formula weight of the explosive. For the calculations in which the first set of decomposition products is assumed, predicted temperatures of detonation of emulsion explosives with the product H2O in the gas phase have a deviation of 413.66 K from results with the product H2O in the liquid state. Fine-particle lithium and zinc oxides have been prepared by the detonation of emulsion explosives of the metal nitrates, M (NO3) x (M = Li, Zn) as oxidizers and paraffine as fuels, at high temperature and short reaction time. The detonation products were identified from X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) patterns, and transmission electron microscopy (TEM) measurements. XRD analysis shows that nanoparticles of lithium and zinc oxides can be produced from detonation of emulsion explosives due to fast quenching as well as appropriate detonation velocity and temperature.

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Liu, Lei, Hongyu Qi, Haitao Zhang, and Jixing Qi. "Effect of Perlite Content on Performance of Emulsion Explosive in Under-Water Environment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2381, no. 1 (December 1, 2022): 012102. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2381/1/012102.

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Abstract Emulsion explosive has been widely used in underwater blasting construction. To study the effect of perlite content on the performance of emulsion explosives under deep water conditions, the performance of emulsion explosives with different applied pressures and different perlite contents was studied by using the self-built underwater explosion test system. The results show that, with the increase of pressure in the water, the energy of emulsion explosive with different content of perlite as sensitizer has a decreasing trend, which is consistent with the actual situation, and when the perlite content is 4%, the sensitized bubble is adiabatically compressed, and the hot spot fully explodes, and its detonation performance is the best.

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10

Zhang, Kai Ming, and Ou Qi Ni. "Study on Safety of Model II Powdery Emulsion Explosive." Applied Mechanics and Materials 496-500 (January 2014): 137–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.496-500.137.

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Powdery emulsion explosive (PEE) invented by Ouqi Ni at the end of 1980s is a new kind of W/O industrial explosives. It has brought industrial explosives technology into a new era. Through years of development, Model I powdery emulsion explosive has been put into large scale production in more than 70 explosive manufacturers and is widely praised by its users. Through continuous research and improvements, Model II powdery emulsion explosive with better performance, longer shelf life and considerably lower cost has been successful invented. Given that safety is one of the most important factor in production, transportation and usage of industrial explosive, this paper is to evaluate the safeness of Model II PEE in terms of mechanical sensitivity, heat sensitivity, static electricity safety, and dust explosion risks. The testing results showed Model II PEE has achieved excellent safety level.

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Mertuszka, Piotr, Bartlomiej Kramarczyk, Mateusz Pytlik, Marcin Szumny, Katarzyna Jaszcz, and Tomasz Jarosz. "Implementation and Verification of Effectiveness of Bulk Emulsion Explosive with Improved Energetic Parameters in an Underground Mine Environment." Energies 15, no. 17 (September 2, 2022): 6424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15176424.

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Explosives are commonly used in the mining industry to extract minerals from hard rock deposits. Therefore, an efficient explosive should ensure that the appropriate blast outcome is achieved, taking into account the desired rock-breaking parameters and the costs of drilling and blasting works. Depending on the type of deposit and follow-up processes, a proper blast result may be characterized by fragmentation, muckpile shape, overbreaks, etc. Industry has struggled to respond to the demand for bulk emulsion explosives with improved energetic parameters, having so far been unable to do so safely, effectively, and cost-efficiently. Methods of improving blasting parameters mainly rely on introducing a variety of additives to the emulsion explosive formulation during production, which creates additional hazards at that stage. Alternative, safe methods of achieving an improved energetic performance of emulsion explosives are, therefore, highly desirable. This paper is focused on one such proposed method as a continuation of previous research works and the performance of a novel bulk emulsion formulation under real mining conditions during the firing of mine faces is described. The tests included density measurements over time, measurements of impact and friction sensitivity, measurements of the detonation velocity in blastholes, determination of brisance via Hess test, and analysis of rock fragmentation. Results were compared with those obtained with a commercially available bulk emulsion explosive, highlighting that the performance improvement achieved by the proposed emulsion modification method is not limited to artificial test conditions, but translates well into actual application conditions.

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LEE, JAIMIN. "NUMERICAL MODELING OF UNDERWATER EXPLOSION PROPERTIES FOR NONIDEAL EXPLOSIVES." International Journal of Modern Physics B 22, no. 09n11 (April 30, 2008): 1618–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s021797920804716x.

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Underwater experiments for an ideal explosive, TNT, and two nonideal explosives, CETR emulsion and DXD-04, were performed, and numerically simulated. For TNT, calculations done by using program-burn models based on the rate-independent Chapman-Jouguet theory were in a good agreement with experimental results, which validated the wide use of program-burn models for ideal explosives. For CETR emulsion and DXD-04, experimental observations could be reproduced with high precision only when reaction rates were employed. These results demonstrated that detonation in nonideal explosives can be modeled only by using properly calibrated reaction rates.

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13

Liu, Lei, Yi Yang, Cheng Liang Zhang, and Guo Hua Wang. "Influence of Physical Sensitizing Agent on Compression Resistance of Deep Water of Emulsion Explosives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2869–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2869.

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A study of emulsion explosive of deep-water pressure performance can provide theoretical basis for underwater blasting, deep hole blasting and the design of emulsion explosive. The sensitizer is the heavier components of emulsion explosive, using reusable experimental device to simulate the environment of deep water charge, perlite and glass microspheres in two kinds of commonly used physical sensitizing agent content on properties of emulsion explosives with deep water pressure effect. The experimental results show that : with the increasing of the content of physical sensitizing agent, emulsion explosive of deep-water pressure performance also gradually improve, when the pressure is larger, the effect is particularly pronounced; in a certain range, with the increase of the content of physical sensitizing agent, emulsified explosive performance also gradually improve, but reaches a certain value, the explosion properties but declined; in emulsion matrix under the same conditions, the perlite content of 5%, glass microspheres content is 2%, the emulsion explosive has good resistance to water pressure and explosion properties.

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Luo, Ya Jun, Tie Jun Tao, En An Chi, and Ming Sheng Zhao. "Research on Influencing Factor of Performance Ability of Emulsion Explosive." Advanced Materials Research 1033-1034 (October 2014): 160–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1033-1034.160.

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Emulsion explosive is one of common industrial explosives, its performance ability is important for producer. So the experiment and theory analysis were made to improve the performance ability of emulsion explosive in this paper. The results show that: performance ability of explosive becomes bigger when oxygen balance of explosive is zero or slightly negative; Water content also has a significant impact on stability, density and explosive performance of emulsion explosive; performance ability of emulsion explosive is generally rises with density increasing. The key approaches of improving the performance ability are that improving the explosion heat and hematocrit and selecting appropriate moisture content and density, and advanced process technology also should be put to use.

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Laszlo, Robert, Emilian Ghicioi, Cristian Radeanu, Bogdan Garaliu Busoi, and Stefan Ilici. "Experimentation of a new type of permissible explosive under the specific conditions of the Jiu Valley mines." MATEC Web of Conferences 342 (2021): 02003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134202003.

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At the underground mining works performed in coal, rock and mixed coal & rocks, the process applied almost exclusively is by drilling & blasting. Given that the mines in the Jiu Valley are classified as methane mines, this involves the use of explosives and means of initiation that are safe from methane gas and coal dust. To date, permissible powdered explosives have been widely used. The drilling & blasting patterns were established according to the physical - mechanical and geological characteristics of the rocks in the massif, the type and section of the mining works as well as the restrictions imposed by the methane regime of the mines. In recent years, the widespread use of emulsion explosives has led to the development of permissible types of emulsion explosives. In order to use the permissible emulsion in the coal mines in the Jiu Valley, it was necessary to test in the INSEMEX landfill the safety and functioning parameters as well as to perform underground blasts, in the specific conditions of the methane coal mines. The paper describes the underground experimental blasting works performed, as well as technical and safety recommendations for the use of this type of explosive - permissible emulsion.

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Amir, Zh A., D. A. Bayseytov, S. E. Gizatova, Zh B. Kudyarova, and M. I. Tulepov. "Tests of Samples of Emulsion Explosive Senatel Magnum before and after Introduction of the Marking Composition for Explosive Properties and Safety Criteria." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 6 (June 2021): 75–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-6-75-81.

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The article is devoted to testing samples of the emulsion explosive Senatel Magnum before and after the introduction of the marking composition for explosive properties and safety criteria. It was established that the mixture of marking substances, which was introduced into the composition of the emulsion explosive Senatel Magnum, does not affect its explosive properties, as well as its safety in use during operation and conduct of blasting operations, since no inconsistencies were detected during tests by the specialists of explosive materials testing laboratory of the Expert Certification Center of Explosive Materials LLP. Various dyes were selected as marking agents. This choice is due to the fact that the dyes have a relatively low price, are very common on sale, when mixed with other substances, in particular industrial explosives, are determined visually. The technology was tested related to the introduction of marking additives into the compositions of multicomponent explosives without disrupting the technological process of their manufacture. Laboratory and field studies were carried out concerning safety criteria for explosives containing a marking composition. Thus, the urgent task is to ensure the possibility of marking (tagging) industrial explosives at the stage of their production with hidden marking additives, which will allow the product itself to be identified with the help of technical means — as an explosive, and to establish the brand of the detected explosive, manufacturer, and other required information.

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Liu, Lei, Qiang Liu, Wen Xin Li, and Hai Yang Su. "Influence of Emulsifier on Compression Resistance of Deep Water of Emulsion Explosives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 295-298 (February 2013): 2971–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.295-298.2971.

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The oil-in-water emulsifier is a key component of the emulsion explosive, experimental apparatus to simulate the environment of deepwater charge reusable research T155; the Span-80 are two commonly used emulsifier content of the emulsion explosive anti-Sham pressure performance the impact. Experimental results show that: T155, Span-80 emulsified explosive sample at the initial stage as the emulsifier content improved explosive performance and anti sham pressure performance has significantly improved, when the content is increased to a certain value against Sham pressure performance improvement is no longer a significant contribution small explosive performance; T155 content of 2% and 3% in Span-80, the emulsion explosives at this time there are a better anti-deepwater pressure performance and explosive performance.

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18

ZVINCU, Neculai-Daniel, Nicușor-Nicolae DRUȚA, and Lavinia Valentina BOCEA. "EMULSION EXPLOSIVES DETONATION VELOCITY DETERMINATIONS USING TIME DETECTORS." SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH AND EDUCATION IN THE AIR FORCE 18, no. 1 (June 24, 2016): 107–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.19062/2247-3173.2016.18.1.14.

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Xie, Xing Hua, Kang Xu, and Hui Sheng Zhou. "Deflagration to Detonation Transition of Explosives without the Effects of Shock Waves." Advanced Materials Research 1082 (December 2014): 399–402. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.399.

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Inthis paper, the deflagration to detonation transition in explosives without theeffects of detonators was studied by the analyzing the accident in theproduction and storage process of explosives. Combining the decompositionmechanism of ammonium nitrate in the emulsion explosives and the lessons fromthe production of emulsion explosives explosion, the conditions of the emulsionexplosives (matrix) thermal decomposition in the emulsifier are given that arethe formation of hot spot and the accumulation of heat. Then the factors of hotspots generated in the production of emulsion explosives and the occurredconditions of the heat accumulation are analyzed and summarized.

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20

Zhou, Hui Sheng, Xing Hua Xie, and Kang Xu. "Thermal Decomposition Conditions of Emulsion Matrix in the Emulsifier." Advanced Materials Research 1082 (December 2014): 387–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.387.

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The main background was the "3.11" accident in this paper. The starting point was based on the experts’ conclusions of investigation and analysis in the accident. Combining the decomposition mechanism of ammonium nitrate in the emulsion explosives and the lessons from the production of emulsion explosives explosion, the conditions of the emulsion explosives (matrix) thermal decomposition in the emulsifier are given that are the formation of hot spot and the accumulation of heat. Then the factors of hot spots generated in the production of emulsion explosives and the occurred conditions of the heat accumulation are analyzed and summarized.

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21

Wang, Yuesheng, and Zhipeng Liu. "Research on online inspection system of emulsion explosive packaging defect based on machine vision." MATEC Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 05004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818905004.

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Roll packaging is the last step in the emulsion explosives production line. Due to various reasons, explosives may have defects in the packaging process. How to sort defective drug coils efficiently and accurately is a major problem. In this paper, an online detection system for drug package which based on machine vision is developed for the defect of emulsion explosive drug packaging. This paper mainly discusses the image preprocessing, image segmentation and feature extraction. The test and application show that the system can detect the defect drug coil better and has the advantages of fast and accurate, which can meet the needs of the production site.

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Mishnev, V. I., A. Y. Plotnikov, Al A. Galimyanov, E. N. Kazarina, An A. Galimyanov, and K. V. Gevalo. "The effect of emulsion explosives on the completeness of the detonation of the borehole charge." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 6/2022 (January 15, 2023): 69–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-6-69-73.

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The input control of explosive materials and the measurement of the detonation rate of the charge are important in the production of explosive work. The detonation rate of the explosive charge, as one of its most important characteristics affecting the quality of the explosion, depends on many factors, the main of which are: the quality of preparation of explosives and their components. Incorrectly selected parameters of drilling and blasting operations and poor quality of preparation of explosives lead to a decrease in the detonation rate up to detonation failures. In turn, detonation failures lead to an increase in material costs and an increase in the risk of negative events related to safety when handling explosive materials. The correct approach to preliminary quality control with the use of appropriate measurements will improve the efficiency and safety of preparing the rock mass for excavation by drilling and blasting. The article presents a technique for measuring the detonation velocity of a borehole charge with the corresponding results and conclusions, allowing timely measures to be taken to maintain the detonation velocity of explosives at the required level.

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Liu, Lei, Qiang Liu, and Li Cheng. "Experimental Study on the Influence of other Factors on Compression Resistance Performance of Emulsion Explosives in Deep Water." Applied Mechanics and Materials 535 (February 2014): 729–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.535.729.

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Since oil phase materials, oxidizer, and water are important components of emulsion explosive, their influences on compression resistance performance of emulsion explosives in deep water was studied by using reusable experiment device to simulate the deep charging environment. The experimental results show that with the equivalent content of the oil phase material, the sequence of three oil phase types of emulsion explosives from good to bad in terms of compression resistance performance and explosion performance in deep water are composite wax, composite wax and machine oil, paraffin wax, vaseline and machine oil. With the equivalent content of oxidant, the type of oxidant species has quite small influence on compression resistance performance and explosion property. Within a certain range, water content has small influence on compression resistance performance, and explosion performance increases with the increasement of water content, while it significantly decreases with water content increasing to a certain amount.

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Polis, Mateusz, Karolina Nikolczuk, Andrzej Maranda, Agnieszka Stolarczyk, and Tomasz Jarosz. "Theft-Safe Explosive Mixtures Based on Hydrogen Peroxide: Study of Properties and Built-In Self-Deactivation Kinetics." Materials 14, no. 19 (October 5, 2021): 5818. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma14195818.

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The current focus on both environmental and general safety is an important issue in the field of explosives. As such, environmentally-friendly explosives, based on hydrogen peroxide (HTP) as an oxidising agent, are of significant interest. These explosives can be designed to undergo self-deactivation, denying access to them by any unlawful third parties that may attempt scavenging blasting sites for any residual energetic materials. Such deactivation also improves blasting safety, as, after a set time, misfired charges no longer pose any explosive threat. In this work, we have designed HTP-based explosive formulations that undergo deactivation after approximately 12 h. To this effect, Al powders were used both as fuels and HTP decomposition promoters. The shock wave parameters and ability to perform mechanical work of the proposed explosive formulations are comparable to those of dynamites and bulk emulsion explosives, and the details of the changes of these parameters over time are also reported.

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Satonkina, N. P., E. R. Pruuel, A. P. Ershov, D. I. Karpov, V. V. Sil’vestrov, A. V. Plastinin, and P. A. Savrovskii. "Electrical conduction of emulsion explosives." Journal of Engineering Thermophysics 20, no. 3 (August 3, 2011): 315–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s181023281103009x.

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Yunoshev, A. S., S. I. Rafeichik, A. V. Plastinin, and V. V. Sil’vestrov. "New applications of emulsion explosives." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 49, no. 2 (March 2013): 225–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0010508213020147.

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Yunoshev, A. S., A. V. Plastinin, S. I. Rafeichik, and M. S. Voronin. "Acceleration Ability of Emulsion Explosives." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 54, no. 4 (July 2018): 496–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0010508218040135.

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Alymova, Ya V., V. É. Annikova, N. Yu Vlasova, and B. N. Kondrikov. "Detonation characteristics of emulsion explosives." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 30, no. 3 (May 1994): 340–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf00789427.

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Lee, Jaimin, and Per-Anders Persson. "Detonation Behavior of Emulsion Explosives." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 15, no. 5 (October 1990): 208–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19900150507.

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Guo, Jun, De Qing Gan, and Jing Tan. "An Analysis on Technology and Product Quality Effect of II-Powdery Emulsion Explosives." Applied Mechanics and Materials 84-85 (August 2011): 652–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.84-85.652.

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This paper discusses the effect factors and proposals between milling process of Ⅱ-powdery emulsion explosives and raw materials, production process parameters. The effect from percentage of the additive M on dispensability and detonation parameter of explosive can be analyzed through the experiments.

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Belin, V. A., Yu N. Bolotova, and M. G. Gorbonos. "Studies into detonation characteristics of emulsion explosives used in surface mining of iron ores." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 1/2022 (March 15, 2022): 52–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2022-1-52-56.

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The paper outlines the main trends in the development of blasting operations used in iron ore mining. It is pointed out that due to the tendency to raise the weight of blast charges, an increasing negative effect of the seismic blast action is observed on the surrounding rock masses and protected facilities. In order to identify efficient ways to reduce seismic impact on the final pit outline and the protected facilities, a set of field tests was performed on the detonation characteristics of emulsion explosives for the conditions of iron ore open pits. The paper demonstrates that petering-out of detonation is observed for the extended charge of explosives. Analysis of causes for the detonation failure showed that it can be related to non-observance of the technology to charge watered boreholes, failures to meet the technological process when manufacturing the emulsion explosivuseful minerals, explosives, protected facilities, seismic action, detonation, emulsion explosives, charge, deflagration, booster, primer, environmentes, blast hole collapses caused by premature firing of the neighboring holes that have bigger delays. Analysis of the research results into the detonation characteristics of emulsion explosives showed that the probability of shifting from detonation to a low-velocity mode or deflagration is related to the length of the emulsion charge, the distance from the booster and probability is increasing at the lower (reverse) method of firing the charge. It is concluded that in order to increase the reliability of detonation of the emulsion explosives it is required to minimize the length of the emulsion part of the charge and to use combined firing methods of the blast charges.

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Jitea, Ilie-Ciprian, Daniela Carmen Rus, Cristian Rădeanu, and Dragoş Gabriel Vasilescu. "Evaluation of the safety parameters for a permitted explosive type emulsion." MATEC Web of Conferences 342 (2021): 01002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/202134201002.

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When preparing a permitted explosive recipe an energy or an explosive heat is considered, which should ensure the detonability of the system and at the same time a power that satisfies the purpose for which it will be used, under the conditions of firedamp hazardous mines. The safety parameters for the explosive charges used in the firedamp hazardous mines are decisive, in order to ensure the safety and health requirements at work together with the efficient performance of the blasting operation. The permitted explosive type emulsion is recommended to be used in underground mines, open pit mines as a special methane explosive and can be used where a coal dust and/or methane explosion hazard exists can be loaded into dry and wet blasting holes and it can be used for mechanical loading. The permitted explosive type emulsion is a Detonator-sensitive explosives that can be reliably initiated in an unconfined state by a No. 8 strength detonator it have safety handling characteristics because of the relatively low sensitivity to friction, shock and impact. Technological changes due to the change of suppliers of certified explosives for civil use for underground use in the firedamp hazardous mines, involve reassessing the safety and efficiency of the loads made with these products, which have not been tested and evaluated for the conditions from the Jiu Valley mines.

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Zlobin, B., V. Sil’Vestrov, A. Shtertser, A. Plastinin, and V. Kiselev. "Enhancement of Explosive Welding Possibilities by the Use of Emulsion Explosive/ Rozwój Mozliwości Łączenia Wybuchowego Przez Użycie Emulsji Wybuchowych." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 1587–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0269.

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Abstract Explosive welding is an effective method of joining of various metals and alloys. However, when the materials with very different strength and thermo-physical properties are welded or thin-layer cladding is performed, the difficulties occur which call for extra investigations. In the present paper, with the couples of steel / carbide composite and copper / hardened steel used as examples, under study were the peculiarities of bonding formation by the explosive welding of metals with highly differing properties. The experiments were carried out with emulsion explosive containing hollow micro-spheres and detonating in thin layers with the low (2 - 3 km/s) detonation velocity. Obtained results show that the emulsion explosives enable to extend the explosion welding potentiality.

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Silvestrov, V. V., S. A. Bordzilovskii, S. M. Karakhanov, and A. V. Plastinin. "On Possibility of Detonation Products Temperature Measurements of Emulsion Explosives." Archives of Metallurgy and Materials 59, no. 3 (October 28, 2014): 1151–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/amm-2014-0200.

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Abstract The new view on the structure of the radiance signal recorded by optical pyrometer and the preliminary results of brightness detonation temperature of the emulsion explosive are presented. The structure of an optical signal observed is typical for the heterogeneous explosives. First, there is the short temperature spike to 2500 ÷ 3300 K connecting with a formation of “hot spots” assembly that fire the matrix capable of exothermal reaction. Then the relaxation of radiance to equilibrium level is observed that corresponds to brightness temperature 1840 ÷ 2260 K of explosion products at detonation pressure 1 ÷ 11 GPa. Experimental results are compared with the calculations of other authors. The detonation temperature of the investigated explosive is measured for the first time.

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Gloc, Michał, Sylwia Przybysz-Gloc, Marcin Wachowski, Robert Kosturek, Rafał Lewczuk, Ireneusz Szachogłuchowicz, Paulina Paziewska, Andrzej Maranda, and Łukasz Ciupiński. "Research on Explosive Hardening of Titanium Grade 2." Materials 16, no. 2 (January 15, 2023): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ma16020847.

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In this investigation, three different explosive materials have been used to improve the properties of titanium grade 2: ammonal, emulsion explosives, and plastic-bonded explosives. In order to establish the influence of explosive hardening on the properties of the treated alloys, tests were conducted, including microhardness testing, microstructure analysis, and tensile and corrosion tests. It has been found that it is possible to achieve a 40% increase in tensile strength using a plastic explosive (PBX) as an explosive material. On the other hand, the impact of the shock wave slightly decreased the corrosion resistance of titanium grade 2. The change in corrosion rate is less than 0.1µm/year, which does not significantly affect the overall corrosion resistance of the material. The reduction in corrosion resistance is probably due to the surface geometry changes as a result of explosive treatment.

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Khomenko, Oleh, Maksym Kononenko, Inna Myronova, and Mykola Savchenko. "Application of the emulsion explosives in the tunnels construction." E3S Web of Conferences 123 (2019): 01039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/e3sconf/201912301039.

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The analysis has been made of the technical parameters of the existing passport for drilling and blasting operations (DBO) in terms of compliance with labour safety requirements and scientific-technical standards. The methodology for constructing the DBO passport has been developed, which takes into account the areas of blast-hole groups and the properties of emulsion explosives. The type of the cut has been analysed, modelled and accepted for use, which corresponds to the conditions of tunnelling as much as possible. The zones of deformation and fracturing in the massif around blast-hole charges have been simulated. The level of decrease in the hazard index for atmospheric air has been set when using the emulsion explosive Ukrainit-PP instead of TNT-containing charge – Ammonite No.6 ZhV.

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Xie, Xing Hua, Kang Xu, and Hui Sheng Zhou. "Emulsion Explosives Containing Catalytic Metal Ion." Advanced Materials Research 1082 (December 2014): 22–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.1082.22.

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Compatibility and safetysystems research and production equipment and technology of explosives betweenitself, the establishment and development of the explosion mechanism ofexplosive accidents and prevent the occurrence of accidental explosion ofexplosives to achieve disaster prevention and reduction, to ensure the safetyof personnel and minimize property damage. Explosives production of metals andalloys commonly used in the device in an aqueous system, the compatibility ofthe ammonium nitrate, especially at higher temperatures and a variety ofelements from the synergy of explosives, etc. to accelerate the reactionconditions, to select a material with good compatibility, the nature of theexplosive increase in production safety, to solve the production of explosivesexplosion problem

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Takahashi, K., K. Murata, Y. Kato, M. Fujita, and S. Itoh. "Non-ideal detonation of emulsion explosives." Journal of Materials Processing Technology 85, no. 1-3 (January 1999): 52–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-0136(98)00254-4.

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Biegańska, Jolanta. "Using nitrocellulose powder in emulsion explosives." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 47, no. 3 (May 2011): 366–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/s0010508211030154.

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Akinin, N. I., A. S. Garmashov, and V. V. Rudomazin. "Improvement of the Thermocouple Method for Testing Energy-Intensive Emulsions for Compatibility with the Sulfide Ores." Occupational Safety in Industry, no. 11 (November 2021): 58–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.24000/0409-2961-2021-11-58-63.

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The results are presented concerning improving the thermostatic method for studying the chemical compatibility of modern industrial emulsion explosives based on the ammonium nitrate with surrounding materials, the increased reactivity of which can lead to spontaneous ignition and even explosion. An assessment of the compatibility of emulsion explosives with sulphide ores was conducted using an original thermocouple methodology developed at the D. Mendeleyev University of Chemical Technology of Russia, fixation of the thermal effects of the interaction of shell-free explosives based on the ammonium nitrate with sulfide minerals. Improved thermocouple method allows to determine chemical compatibility of the industrial explosives with the reactive rocks. It is distinguished by the possibility of continuous recording of the thermocouple measurements during tests using an oscilloscope and combines the reliability of the results with small laboratory weights of the test samples (no more than 20 g, which ensures safety testing). Temperature measurement accuracy is ± 2 °С. It is concluded that the method used is able to identify the cases of the most dangerous interaction from the practice point of view using the emulsion explosives when the pyrite content in the ore exceeds 85 %. The results of experiments on the applicability of thermocouple measurements to testing low-activity rocks, highly reactive pyrite ores, mixed sulfide ores of medium activity, as well as on the identification of the main regularities of heat release during the interaction of emulsion explosives with the sulfide ores are considered.

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Pytalev, I. A., D. V. Domozhirov, E. E. Shvabenland, A. A. Prokhorov, and V. V. Pronin. "A method to improve the quality of rock preparation for extraction with emulsion explosives in open-pit mines with high benches." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost), no. 6/2021 (January 15, 2022): 62–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2021-6-62-67.

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Increasing the production capacity of open-pit and strip mines while ensuring the efficiency of the mining enterprise can be achieved through enhancing the quality of rock preparation prior to excavation. The use of emulsion explosives and the transition to the high-bench technology can reduce the cost of mining operations by optimizing the drilling and blasting parameters. The article reviews methods to improve the efficiency of rock preparation for extraction based on the applicable scientific and methodological principles and it proposes a method to regulate the density of emulsion explosives. Schemes are presented for calculation of drilling and blasting parameters when implementing technical measures aimed at improving the blasting quality through rock preparation for extraction in conditions of overburden and mining operations with bench height of 15 m and higher. Parameters of drilling and blasting operations on high benches are justified with differentiation of the charge density along the length of the blast hole by controlling the delivery of the gas-generating additive. A simulation has been performed and the results of pilot tests of the emulsion explosive charge density control at the Ural deposits are presented.

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Wang, Yuesheng, and Chenqi Huang. "Study of emulsion explosive quality assessment system based on soft measurement and multilevel fuzzy evaluation." MATEC Web of Conferences 189 (2018): 05003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/matecconf/201818905003.

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Aiming at the inaccuracy and blindness of the traditional detection and assessment methods for the quality of emulsion explosives, a method for evaluating the quality of emulsion explosives based on soft measurement and multilevel fuzzy evaluation is proposed. The soft-sensing model of BP neural network can predict the online unmeasured performance indicators of detonation velocity and detonation online. The multilevel fuzzy evaluation method establishes the reliable multilevel fuzzy evaluation system based on the key parameters of the production process and expert experience. Experiments show that this soft-sensing model have made the convergence quickly and the accuracy highly,and can accurately predicts the detonation velocity and brisance of emulsion explosives online. In the last part, the design of quality assessment system can provide a new idea for solving the point of quality blindness detection and assessment.

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Deribas, A. A., A. E. Medvedev, A. Yu Reshetnyak, and V. M. Fomin. "Detonation of emulsion explosives containing hollow microspheres." Doklady Physics 48, no. 4 (April 2003): 163–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1134/1.1574370.

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Li, Jianjun, Xuguang Wang, Rongzu Hu, Bin Kang, Yuxiang Ou, and Boren Chen. "The thermal behavior of powder emulsion explosives." Journal of Thermal Analysis 45, no. 1-2 (July 1995): 261–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02548689.

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Anshits, A. G., N. N. Anshits, A. A. Deribas, S. M. Karakhanov, N. S. Kasatkina, A. V. Plastinin, A. Yu Reshetnyak, and V. V. Sil'vestrov. "Detonation Velocity of Emulsion Explosives Containing Cenospheres." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 41, no. 5 (September 2005): 591–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10573-005-0074-3.

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Sil’vestrov, V. V., and A. V. Plastinin. "Investigation of low detonation velocity emulsion explosives." Combustion, Explosion, and Shock Waves 45, no. 5 (September 2009): 618–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10573-009-0074-9.

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YU.G, Shchukin, Borisov I.I., Arestov D.A., and Nazarov S.S. "Parameters of intermediate detonators for emulsion explosives." Mining Industry Journal (Gornay Promishlennost) 147, no. 5/2019 (November 15, 2019): 85–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.30686/1609-9192-2019-5-85-86.

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Djerdjev, Alex M., Pramith Priyananda, Jeff Gore, James K. Beattie, Chiara Neto, and Brian S. Hawkett. "Safer emulsion explosives resulting from NOx inhibition." Chemical Engineering Journal 403 (January 2021): 125713. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.cej.2020.125713.

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Cartwright, R. V. "Rheology of Emulsion Explosives: a Practical Method." Propellants, Explosives, Pyrotechnics 14, no. 5 (October 1989): 215–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/prep.19890140508.

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Němec, Ondřej, Marcela Jungová, Adéla Husarová, and Svatopluk Zeman. "PREPARATION AND CHARACTERIZATION OF DEMILITARIZED HIGH EXPLOSIVES IN W/O EMULSION EXPLOSIVES." International Conference on Chemical and Environmental Engineering 6, no. 6 (May 1, 2012): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.21608/iccee.2012.35923.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Emulsion explosives'

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