Academic literature on the topic 'Emulsifier production'
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Journal articles on the topic "Emulsifier production"
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Orjuela, Alvaro, Maria Fernanda Gutierrez, Andrea Suaza, and Jose Luis Rivera. "Production of sucroesters using solvent-free reactive systems containing emulsifiers." Ingeniería e Investigación 38, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 16–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/ing.investig.v38n1.61432.
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The transesterification reaction of sucrose and fatty acid methyl esters to produce sucroesters was experimentally evaluated using commercial emulsifiers as compatibility agents. Reactions were carried out at temperatures between 100 and 140°C, using emulsifier concentrations in the range of 5 to 15 %wt, and potassium carbonate as catalyst. Fatty acid methyl esters consumption and sucroesters production was monitored by HPLC analysis of samples. Methyl esters conversions around 40 % were obtained with 68 %wt monoester content in sucroesters mixture. Despite the reaction times were reduced by operating at high temperatures and high emulsifier’s concentration, multiple substitution and color degradation were observed. Higher productivities of sucroester and higher selectivity to monoesters were obtained when potassium palmitate was used as contacting agent. The lower monoester content in the final product was obtained when using a commercial sucroester emulsifier. Results of this study can be used for preliminary process design in a solvent-free production of biobased sucroesters.
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Vysotskaya, Marina, and Аlex Korotkov. "Optimization of Provide Compositions Bitumen Emulsions, for Example the Cationic Emulsifier." Applied Mechanics and Materials 725-726 (January 2015): 517–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amm.725-726.517.
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In work need of detailed studying of a water phase of a bituminous emulsion about concentration of emulsifier in its structure, and also compatibility with the concrete mineral material used in production is proved. It is offered to bring improvements in a technique of development of a compounding of the bituminous emulsion at a stage of studying and selection of a water phase. Found that in the manufacturer's recommended ranges there is no effective emulsifier concentration having a sinusoidal dependence. Samples of bituminous emulsions prepared using an emulsifier in the range of effective concentrations obtained depending confirmed. As objects of research in work emulsifiers of one of leading producers were used AkzoNobel: RedicoteE-11 и RedicoteEМ-44.
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Tamburini, E., M. Pintus, C. Ruggeri, S. Sergi, M. Berta, A. Franzetti, G. Bestetti, and P. La Colla. "Optimisation of emulsifier production by Gordonia spp. BS29." New Biotechnology 25 (September 2009): S77. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.nbt.2009.06.329.
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Bastida-Rodríguez, Josefa. "The Food Additive Polyglycerol Polyricinoleate (E-476): Structure, Applications, and Production Methods." ISRN Chemical Engineering 2013 (January 9, 2013): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/124767.
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The food additive named polyglycerol polyricinoleate (PGPR) and identified with the code E-476 (PGPR) is used as emulsifier in tin-greasing emulsions for the baking trade and for the production of low-fat spreads. However, the main application of PGPR is in the chocolate industry, where, besides its action as an emulsifier, it also has important properties as a viscosity modifier and thus improves the moulding properties of the molten chocolate. An additional property of PGPR in chocolate is its ability to limit fat bloom. Known chemical methods for preparing this emulsifier involve long reaction times and high operating temperatures, which adversely affect the quality of the final product leading to problems of coloration and odors that could make it inadvisable for the food industry. As an alternative, the enzymatic synthesis of PGPR by the catalytic action of two lipases has been developed. The enzymes act in mild reaction conditions of temperature and pressure, neutral pH, and in a solvent-free system, which makes the process environmentally friendly and avoids side reaction, so that the product has a higher purity and quality.
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Rodrigues, Ellen Francine, Luana Paula Vendruscolo, Kimberly Bonfante, Christian Oliveira Reinehr, Eliane Colla, and Luciane Maria Colla. "Phycocyanin as substitute for texture ingredients in ice creams." British Food Journal 122, no. 2 (December 6, 2019): 693–707. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/bfj-07-2019-0553.
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Purpose The phycocyanin is a pigment present in the microalga Spirulina that has been studied due to its applicability as food coloring; however, it can be used due to the ability to act as an emulsifier or stabilizer in function of its protein characteristic. The purpose of this paper is to use aqueous extracts of Spirulina containing phycocyanin (EP) as a substitute of additives in the production of ice creams. Design/methodology/approach The study was divided in two sections: first, the influence of addition of EP in ice cream bases (that represent the ice cream preparation before air incorporation step) and second, the influence of addition of EP in five ice cream formulations, in which the differences were the addition of EP in substitution of stabilizer, Chantilly or emulsifier, one at a time or in substitution of all additives together, by the EP. Findings The different ice creams developed presented centesimal composition according to Brazilian legislation in relation to the chemical parameters. The EP presented emulsifying and stabilizing activity in the ice creams formulations acting in substitution of emulsifier and stabilizer presented in the standard formulation, not influencing the overall acceptability of consumers. Originality/value The authors demonstrate that the aqueous extract of Spirulina containing phycocyanin can be used as a natural additive in ice cream in substitution of emulsifiers and stabilizers normally used in this product, contributing to produce more healthy foods, once phycocyanin is an protein of high nutritional value.
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Opalski, Adam S., Karol Makuch, Yu-Kai Lai, Ladislav Derzsi, and Piotr Garstecki. "Grooved step emulsification systems optimize the throughput of passive generation of monodisperse emulsions." Lab on a Chip 19, no. 7 (2019): 1183–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1039/c8lc01096j.
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Begma, N. A., and O. I. Musich. "Increase of the growth rate in young pigs while using the feed additive «Natufactant»." Theoretical and Applied Veterinary Medicine 9, no. 1 (2021): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.32819/2021.91006.
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The improvement of production indicators (feed conversion ratio, average daily body weight gain, growth rate, etc.) in animal husbandry implies a high energy requirement. Such a need can only be met by including fats in the diet. Fat is the main and most efficient source of feed energy, but at the same time, one of the most expensive feed component. Using a fat emulsifier is an increase in the quality of the obtained product and a decrease in its cost. The addition of synthetic emulsifiers is a relatively new opportunity to increase fats’ active surface compared to other widely used feed additives. This reduces the cost for oil in the feed and also a chance to reduce feed total cost. By increasing fats’ active surface, emulsifiers expand the action of lipases and promote micelles formation. Higher the fat percentage in the diet, lower the percentage of its absorption. In high-energy diets without the use of complex emulsifiers, from 36% to 70% of the fat introduced into the feed is not absorbed and is excreted from the body. The beneficial effect of emulsifiers is that the digestibility of fat decreases, and it grows with an increase in the fat level in the diet. An assessment of the effect of the «Natufactant» feed additive on the growth rates of young pigs has been carried out. The maintenance and feeding of pigs were carried out in accordance with the technology adopted on the farm. The nutritional value of the main diet that is used on the farm, as well as after the inclusion of the feed additive «Natufactant», were determined. To conduct research according to the principle of analogs were taking into account the breed, live weight, and general physiological state, two groups of animals of a large white pig breed were created, 25 animals in each, with a live weight of 28 kg. The first group served as a control, and in addition to the main diet, the multicomponent emulsifier «Natufactant» was administered to the piglets of the research group at a dose of 250 g/t of feed, which was given together with the feed once per day. It was found that high average daily gains were obtained from animals to which «Natufactant» was added at the rate of 250 g per 1 ton of compound feed from the first day of the experiment and for 60 days in a row. As a result of the production check, it was found that the introduction of a feed additive into the diet of young pigs made it possible to increase the gross increase in animals’ live weight in comparison with the control, by 10.7 centners with the same level of feeding. New influence aspects of the fat emulsifier usage on the pigs’ physiological state and productivity were disclosed. It has been proven that the inclusion of the «Natufactant» feed additive into the animals’ diet stimulates the digestion processes and assimilation of basic nutrients, improves their physiological state, and increases the average daily weight gain of pigs by 15.3%. The solution to the problem of fats’ digestibility is the creation of new emulsifiers by searching for new molecules and developing effective complexes that have a synergistic effect when one component enhances the work of another. In order to significantly increase the pigs’ productivity and thereby increase the production of pork, it is necessary to ensure sufficient and adequate feeding of animals, taking into account the standards of lipid nutrition. It will also help to improve product quality and reduce production costs.
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Sikora, Jakub, Marcin Niemiec, Anna Szeląg-Sikora, Zofia Gródek-Szostak, Maciej Kuboń, and Monika Komorowska. "The Effect of the Addition of a Fat Emulsifier on the Amount and Quality of the Obtained Biogas." Energies 13, no. 7 (April 9, 2020): 1825. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071825.
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Slaughterhouse waste management is an important technological, economic, and environmental challenge. Recently, more and more attention has been paid to the possibility of obtaining biogas from waste generated by slaughterhouses. The aim of the paper was to examine the effect of an emulsifier addition in the form of a carboxymethyl cellulose solution to create animal waste fermentation media based on the quantity and quality of the generated biogas. The adopted research goal was achieved based on a laboratory experiment of methane fermenting poultry processing waste. The waste was divided into two fractions: soft (tissue) and hard (bone). A fat emulsifier in a concentration of 1%, 2.5%, 5%, and 10% of fresh weight of the substrate was added to each substrate sample made from the above fractions. The emulsifier used was a 55% carboxymethyl cellulose solution, since this emulsifier is most commonly used in food production. The experiment was conducted in order to determine how the addition of an emulsifier (55% carboxymethylcellulose solution) affects the hydration of fats during methane fermentation, as demonstrated on poultry slaughterhouse waste. The samples were subjected to static methane fermentation, according to the methodology of DIM DIN 38414(DIN Deutches Institut für Normung). The experiment lasted 30 days. The total amount of biogas obtained after fermentation was 398 mL·g−1 for the soft fraction and 402 mL·g−1 for the hard fraction. In the case of the soft waste fraction, the addition of carboxymethylcellulose at 1% of the mass to the biogas process increased the amount of obtained biogas by 16%. In the case of the hard fraction, no effect of the addition of emulsifier on the total amount of biogas obtained was identified. In each case, the biogas from substrates with added emulsifier contained less methane and slightly more carbon. The emulsifier added to the soft fraction of slaughterhouse waste from poultry processing allowed cutting the process of methanogenesis by over 50% while maintaining the efficiency of biogas production. In the case of biogasification of bone tissue, no unambiguous effect of the addition of emulsifier on the improvement of process efficiency was identified.
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Jaimuang, Santi, Terdthai Vatanatham, Sunan Limtrakul, and Paweena Prapainainar. "The Effect of Process Factors to the Kinetic Studies of Emulsion Copolymerization of Natural Rubber and Styrene." Advanced Materials Research 844 (November 2013): 361–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.844.361.
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Graft copolymer of styrene on natural rubber was prepared in laboratory by emulsion polymerization using potassium persulfate and sodium laurysulfate as an initiator and an emulsifier, respectively. The concentrations of initiator and emulsifier were varied in the range of 0.7 to 2.0 parts and 5.0 to 11.0 part per 100 parts of organic compositions, respectively. The gross polymers were purified by soxhlet extraction to remove ungrafted polystyrene and ungrafted natural rubber to obtain the graft copolymer (NR-g-PS). Characterization of graft copolymer was confirmed by FTIR spectroscopy. The results of the conversion, the kinetic rate of polymerization and grafting efficiency as a function of initiator and emulsifier concentration were studied. It was found that the conversion and the rate of polymerization increased with initiator and emulsifier concentration. At 1.0 parts of initiator and 5.0 parts of emulsifier were the optimum values. Therefore, the conversion and grafting efficiency can be used to predict the reaction conditions as a guideline for the graft copolymer production in pre-scale up reactor.
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Djordjevic, Sanela, Nebojsa Cekic, Tanja Isailovic, Jela Milic, Gordana Vuleta, Miodrag Lazic, and Snezana Savic. "Nanoemulsions produced with varied type of emulsifier and oil content: An influence of formulation and process parameters on the characteristics and physical stability." Chemical Industry 67, no. 5 (2013): 795–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/hemind120905005d.
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The aim of the present study was to prepare oil-in-water nanoemulsions stabilized with a novel natural alkyl polyglucoside surfactant and to compare them with corresponding lecithin/polysorbate 80 - based nanoemulsions in terms of physicochemical properties and physical stability. Nanoemulsions were prepared by high pressure homogenization, using 20, 30 and 40% (w/w) medium chain triglyceride as oil phase, and 4, 6 and 8% (w/w) lecithin/polysorbate 80 mixture (1/1) or caprylyl/capryl glucoside as emulsifiers. The influence of emulsifier type, emulsifier concentration and oil content was investigated with respect to changes in particle size, particle size distribution, surface charge and physical stability. The influence of production parameters (number of homogenization cycles, type of homogenization process, homogenization pressure) on particle size was also investigated. Analysis was performed by photon correlation spectroscopy, laser diffraction, zeta potential, pH and electrical conductivity measurements. All formulations produced revealed a small droplet size ranging from 147 to 228 nm and a very narrow size distribution (polydispersity index range 0,072-0,124). Zeta potentials were about -20 mV and -50 mV for nanoemulsions stabilized with lecithin/polysorbate 80 and caprylyl/capryl glucoside, respectively. The results obtained during the stability studies (6 months at 25?C and 1 month at 40?C) indicated that nanoemulsion stability was influenced by their composition. Acquired results also suggested the most appropriate production parameters: 9 homogenization cycles, homogenization pressure of 500 bar and discontinuous process of homogenization.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Emulsifier production"
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Rizzi, John. "Production of emulsifier by Torulopsis petrophilum." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=64014.
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Rajapakse, Achula, and s9508428@student rmit edu au. "Drop size distribution and interfacial area in reactive liquid-liquid dispersion." RMIT University. Civil Environmental and Chemical Engineering, 2007. http://adt.lib.rmit.edu.au/adt/public/adt-VIT20080717.163619.
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Emulsion explosives have become the preferred choice as blasting agents for numerous industries including mining, agriculture, and construction. One of the most important components in such an emulsion is an emulsifier, which controls the emulsification properties of the explosive. The present study involves the production of one such emulsifier, which is produced by reacting two immiscible liquids, PIBSA (polyisobutylene succinic anhydride) and MEA (monoethanolamine). The study examines the effect of design variable such as the impeller speed, impeller type and the dispersed phase volume fraction on interfacial area. Experiments were carried out in a 0.15 m diameter fully baffled stirred tank using a 6-bladed Rushton turbine impeller and a marine propeller. Drop size was determined using a microscope with a video camera and image processing system. The transient concentration of PIBSA was determined using FTIR analysis and used to estimate the volume fraction of the dispersed phase (Ö). The effective interfacial area was calculated using the Sauter mean drop diameter, d32 and Ö. Impeller speeds ranging from 150 to 600 rpm and dispersed phase volume fractions, Ö ranging from 0.01 to 0.028 were examined in the experimental study. It was found that that the evolution of Sauter mean drop diameter, d32 has four different trends depending on Ö and impeller speed. At high impeller speeds and high Ö, d32 values decrease initially and reach constant values after a long period of time. This trend is consistent with the findings in previous investigations. Under certain operating conditions, d32 values increase initially with stirring time to reach a maximum value and then decrease to reach a steady state value. The presence of these trends has been attributed to the effect of changing physical properties of the system as a result of chemical reaction. Results indicate that, in general, Sauter mean drop diameter d32 decreases with an increase in agitation intensity. However a decrease in the dispersed phase volume fraction is found to increase d32. These trends are found to be the same for both impeller types studied. Comparing the drop size results produced by the two impellers, it appears that low-power number propeller produces s ignificantly smaller drops than the Rushton turbine. It was found that the concentrations of reactants decrease with time for all impeller speeds thereby leading to a decrease in interfacial area with the progress of the reaction. Interfacial area values obtained at higher impeller speeds are found to be lower in spite of lower d32 values at these speeds. Also, these values decrease with time and become zero in a shorter duration indicating the rapid depletion of MEA. The interfacial area values obtained with the propeller at a given impeller speed are lower as compared to those for Rushton turbine. They also decrease and become zero in a shorter duration as compared to those for Rushton turbine suggesting propeller¡¦s performance is better in enhancing the reaction rate.
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Emam, Hebishy Essam Hassan. "Application of ultra high-pressure homogenization (UHPH) in the production of submicron/nano-oil-in-water emulsions using vegetable oils and milk proteins as emulsifiers." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/126517.
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The overall goal of the present PhD thesis was to study some factors related to the choice of emulsifier (whey protein isolate or sodium caseinate) concentration, oil-phase volume fractions (10-50%) and homogenization conditions (100-300 MPa) that could influence physical stability and lipid oxidation in nano/submicron oil-in-water emulsions by using a rotor-startor system (colloidal mill, CM, at 5000 rpm for 5 min) for obtaining the coarse emulsions and stabilized by ultra high-pressure homogenization (UHPH), in comparison to conventional homogenization (CH, 15 MPa).
Emulsions were characterized for their physical properties (droplet size distribution, microstructure, surface protein concentration, emulsifying stability against creaming and coalescence, and viscosity) and oxidative stability (hydroperoxide content and TBARs) under light (2000 lux/m2 for 10 days).
The first study focused on using whey protein isolate (WPI) as emulsifier in different concentrations (1, 2 and 4%) with a fixed oil concentration (20%) of sunflower and olive oils (3:1). UHPH produced emulsions with lipid particles of small size in the sub-micron range (100-200 nm) and low surface protein with unimodal distribution in emulsions treated at 200 MPa using whey proteins at 4%. Long term physical stability against creaming and coalescence was observed in UHPH emulsions, compared to those obtained by CM and CH. Oxidative stability of emulsions was also improved by UHPH compared to CM and CH, especially when 100 MPa was applied. All emulsions exhibited Newtonian behavior (n ≈ 1).
These results led us to use the best conditions obtained in the previous work (4% of protein concentration and pressure treatments of 100 and 200 MPa) to study the physical and oxidative stability of emulsions containing different oil-phase volume fractions (10, 30 and 50%). Increasing the oil concentration from 10 to 50%, in general, increased the particle size, decreased the surface protein concentration and resulted in a high degree of flocculation and coalescence, especially in emulsions treated at 200 MPa. All UHPH emulsions, except those treated at 100 MPa containing 10% oil, and CH emulsions with 50% oil displayed an excellent stability vs. creaming during storage at ambient temperature. The lowest oxidation rate was observed in UHPH emulsions, especially those containing 30% oil.
The third study was conducted on using sodium caseinate (SC) as emulsifier in different concentrations (1, 3 and 5%) with a fixed oil concentration (20%) of sunflower and olive oils (3:1). UHPH emulsions containing 1% protein presented a high particle size (especially in emulsions treated at 100 MPa) but increasing the protein content to 3 and 5% in UHPH emulsions reduced the particle size, and tended to change the rheological behaviour from Newtonian to shear thinning, improving the creaming and oxidative stabilities of emulsions.
From the previous study, the best droplet breakdown, physical and oxidative stability were obtained with pressures in the range of 200 and 300 MPa and sodium caseinate (5%). Therefore, the objective of the last study was to evaluating the emulsions containing different oil-phase volume fractions (10, 20, 30 and 50%) treated by UHPH in the conditions above mentioned, in comparison to CH emulsions containing 1 and 5% SC. Increasing the oil content to 50% tended to produce emulsions with a gel structure such as a mayonnaise type product so, the results of this study focused only on emulsions containing 10, 20 and 30% oil.
CM and CH emulsions containing 1% SC and different oil contents (10, 20 and 30%), exhibited a Newtonian flow behavior with a slow creaming rate, whereas the oxidation rate was faster in these emulsions. On the other hand, high degree of flocculation with a shear thinning behavior, higher creaming rates, but low oxidation rates were observed in CH emulsions containing 5%. UHPH-treated emulsions containing high oil contents (20 and 30%) exhibited excellent creaming stability, and with a shear thinning rheological behavior only in emulsions containing 30% oil. UHPH produced stable emulsions against oxidation, especially when high oil contents (20-30%) were used. Increasing the oil concentration from 10 to 30%, in general, resulted in an increase in the oxidative stability in all emulsions, except in CH emulsions containing 1% of SC.
Emulsions produced by both whey protein (4%) and caseinate (5%), and treated by UHPH have a good physical stability to flocculation, coalescence and creaming and also high stability to lipid oxidation, opening a wide range of opportunities in the formulation of emulsions containing bioactive components with lipid nature.
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Chen, Ding-Er, and 陳丁二. "Study on Emulsifier (Volamel) in Reducing Dietary Metabolizable Energy and Production Cost in Broilers." Thesis, 2003. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/88705488241818173734.
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碩士東海大學
畜產學系
91
The purpose of this study was to investigate whether 3 or 6% metabolizable energy (ME)-reduced volamel-supplemented diets could maintain a normal rate and efficiency of growth, and reduce the production cost in broilers. 576 1-day-old Arbor Acres broilers were randomly assigned to six treatments, four replicates with 24 chicks per treatment. Chicks were fed (1) control, (2) -3% ME, (3) -6% ME, (4) -3% ME + 125 g volamel/ton, (5) -6% ME + 125 g volamel/ton, or (6) -6% ME + 500 g volamel/ton diet for 6 weeks. The ME of control diet were 3192, 3129, and 3250 kcal/kg in starter, grower, and finisher period, respectively. Growth performance, mortality, fat digestibility, production cost, breast and thigh production and their costs were calculated. Results found that no differences in weight gain, feed intake and feed efficiency were observed between group (1) and (4), indicating that reducing 3% and supplementing 125 g volamel/ton could maintain normal growth performance in broilers; a worse feed efficiency was observed in groups (3) (5) and (6), indicating 6% ME reduction was too much and even volamel supplementation could not restore it. A similar trend was observed in breast and thigh production. There was no differences in fat digestibility in all groups, indicating that reducing 3 or 6% ME and supplementing 125 or 500 g volamel/ton could not improve the fat utilization. The feed price in group (4) was 8.93 NTD/kg which was 0.17 NTD/kg cheaper than the one in group (1) (9.10 NTD/kg). Income for producers was highest in group (4). The profit was also highest in group (4), an extra of 0.08 NTD per chick started was found as compared with group (1). Production costs of breast and thigh were lowest in group (4) among other groups. In summary, supplementing 125 g volamel/ton in 3% ME-reduced diet (group 4) could reduce the feed price and production cost while maintaining normal growth performance and breast and thigh production in broilers. Key words：Broiler, Emulsifier, Volamel, Metabolizabl energy, Fat digestibility, Production cost.
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Chang, Sheng-Po, and 張勝博. "Effect of Dietary Supplementation of Emulsifier on Production Performance and Nutrient Digestibility of Broilers and Sows." Thesis, 2014. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/80844632219219562335.
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碩士東海大學
畜產與生物科技學系
102
Three trials were conducted to investigate the emulsion stability (ES) and critical micelle concentration (CMC) of different emulsifiers, the effect of dietary supplementation of different emulsifiers on growth performance, carcass characteristics and nutrient digestibility of broilers, and the effect of dietary supplementation of different levels of Emupack on reproductive performance, milk composition and nutrient digestibility of lactating sows. In trial 1, five emulsifiers [(1) sodium lauryl sulfate (SLS; anionic emulsifier), (2) polyoxyethylene oleate (PEO; nonionic emulsifier), (3) polyoxyethylene dioleate (PEDO; nonionic emulsifier), (4) polyoxyethylene alkyl ether/lipophilic (PAEL; nonionic emulsifier), and (5) polyoxyethylene alkyl ether/hydrophilic (PAEH; nonionic emulsifier)] were selected to determine the ES and CMC of them. PEO and PAEH were selected (higher ES and lower CMC) plus SLS for conducting growth and metabolism trial in broilers. In trial 2, Five hundred newly hatched Arbor Acres chicks were allotted to 5 treatments, 4 replicates per treatment, 25 chicks per replicate. Chick were fed diets without (1) or with supplementing 100 ppm of (2) SLS, (3) PEO, (4) PAEH and (5) blended emulsifier (1/3 SLS+1/3 PEO+1/3 PAEH) for 36 days. Results showed that supplementing different emulsifiers did not affect growth performance, carcass characteristics, and fecal and ileal digestibility of total fatty acid. Supplementing SLS significantly increased protein ileal digestibility (P < 0.05). In trial 3, thirty nine pregnant sows were randomly allotted to three treatments with 13 sows each at 7 days before farrowing. Sows were fed diets without or with supplementing 0.05 and 0.15% of Emupack until piglets were weaned at 21 days of age. Emupack contained 20% of nonionic emulsifier. Results showed that supplementing different levels of Emupack increased litter size at weaning (P < 0.05). Supplementing 0.15% of Emupack increased litter weight at weaning (P < 0.05). Supplementing 0.05% of Emupack increased preweaning piglet survival (P < 0.05). Supplementing different levels of Emupack increased milk fat content (P < 0.05). Supplementing different levels of Emupack did not affect apparent total fatty acid digestibility. Supplementing 0.15% of Emupack increased apparent protein digestibility (P < 0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of emulsifiers did not affect the growth performance and fat digestibility, while SLS increased protein ileal digestibility of broilers. Dietary supplementation of Emupack did not affect the fatty acid digestibility, while increased protein fecal digestibility, milk fat content, preweaning piglet survival, and weaning litter size and litter weight of lactating sows.
Book chapters on the topic "Emulsifier production"
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Ron, Eliora Z., and E. Rosenberg. "Protein Emulsifiers." In Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids: Production of Fuels and Chemicals, 1–6. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-31421-1_226-1.
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Ron, Eliora Z., and E. Rosenberg. "Protein Emulsifiers." In Consequences of Microbial Interactions with Hydrocarbons, Oils, and Lipids: Production of Fuels and Chemicals, 623–28. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-50436-0_226.
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Takagi, Kazuyuki. "Production of Nanoscale Foods Using High-Pressure Emulsifi cation Technology." In Bio-Nanotechnology, 531–41. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118451915.ch31.
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Kobayashi, Isao, Marcos A. Neves, Sosaku Ichikawa, and Takashi Kuroiwa. "Production of Monodisperse Fine Dispersions by Microchannel/Nanochannel Emulsifi cation." In Bio-Nanotechnology, 542–56. Oxford, UK: Blackwell Publishing Ltd., 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781118451915.ch32.
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Le Gars, Manon, Loreleï Douard, Naceur Belgacem, and Julien Bras. "Cellulose Nanocrystals: From Classical Hydrolysis to the Use of Deep Eutectic Solvents." In Smart Nanosystems for Biomedicine, Optoelectronics and Catalysis. IntechOpen, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.89878.
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During the last two decades, interest in cellulosic nanomaterials has greatly increased. Among these nanocelluloses, cellulose nanocrystals (CNC) exhibit outstanding properties. Indeed, besides their high crystallinity, cellulose nanocrystals are interesting in terms of morphology with high aspect ratio (length 100–1000 nm, width 2–15 nm), high specific area, and high mechanical properties. Moreover, they can be used as rheological modifier, emulsifier, or for barrier properties, and their surface chemistry opens the door to numerous feasible chemical modifications, leading to a large panel of applications in medical, electronic, composites, or packaging, for example. Traditionally, their extraction is performed via monitored sulfuric acid hydrolysis, leading to well-dispersed aqueous CNC suspensions; these last bearing negative charges (half-sulfate ester groups) at their surface. More recently, natural chemicals called deep eutectic solvents (DESs) have been used for the production of CNC in a way of green chemistry, and characterization of recovered CNC is encouraging.
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Fernández-Pérez, M., and C. Otero. "Selective enzymatic production of amide emulsifiers from ethanolamine and fatty acids." In Studies in Surface Science and Catalysis, 3399–404. Elsevier, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0167-2991(00)80548-0.
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Карпухина, Е. А., С. В. Каютина, and Т. А. Ткачева. "Toxicological characteristics of the risk of health effects of raw materials in the production of emulsifiers and foaming agents." In Actual Problems of Occupational Health: Proceedings of the Institute, 501–7. Open Company "Amirit", 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.31089/978-5-907035-94-2-2018-1-501-507.
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Su, Chunming, Robert W. Puls, Thomas A. Krug, Mark T. Watling, Suzanne K. O'Hara, Jacqueline W. Quinn, and Nancy E. Ruiz. "Long-Term Performance Evaluation of Groundwater Chlorinated Solvents Remediation Using Nanoscale Emulsified Zerovalent Iron at a Superfund Site." In Waste Management, 1352–71. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-1210-4.ch061.
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This chapter addresses a case study of long-term assessment of a field application of environmental nanotechnology. Dense Non-Aqueous Phase Liquid (DNAPL) contaminants such as Tetrachloroethene (PCE) and Trichloroethene (TCE) are a type of recalcitrant compounds commonly found at contaminated sites. Recent research has focused on their remediation using environmental nanotechnology in which nanomaterials such as nanoscale Emulsified Zerovalent Iron (EZVI) are added to the subsurface environment to enhance contaminant degradation. Such nanoremediation approach may be mostly applicable to the source zone where the contaminant mass is the greatest and source removal is a critical step in controlling the further spreading of the groundwater plume. Compared to micro-scale and granular counterparts, NZVI exhibits greater degradation rates due to its greater surface area and reactivity from its faster corrosion. While NZVI shows promise in both laboratory and field tests, limited information is available about the long-term effectiveness of nanoremediation because previous field tests are mostly less than two years. Here an update is provided for a six-year performance evaluation of EZVI for treating PCE and its daughter products at a Superfund site at Parris Island, South Carolina, USA. The field test consisted of two side-by-side treatment plots to remedy a shallow PCE source zone (less than 6 m below ground surface) using pneumatic injection and direct injection, separately in October 2006. For the pneumatic injections, a two-step injection procedure was used. First, the formation was fluidized by the injection of nitrogen gas alone, followed by injection of the EZVI with nitrogen gas as the carrier. In the pneumatic injection plot, 2,180 liters of EZVI containing 225 kg of iron (Toda RNIP-10DS), 856 kg of corn oil, and 22.5 kg of surfactant were injected to remedy an estimated 38 kg of chlorinated volatile compounds (CVOC)s. Direct injections were performed using a direct push rig. In the direct injection plot, 572 liters of EZVI were injected to treat an estimated 0.155 kg of CVOCs. Visual inspection of collected soil cores before and after EZVI injections shows that the travel distance of EZVI was dependent on the method of delivery with pneumatic injection achieving a greater distance of 2.1 m than did direct injection reaching a distance of 0.89 m. Significant decreases in PCE and TCE concentrations were observed in downgradient wells with corresponding increases in degradation products including significant increases in ethene. In the pneumatic injection plot, there were significant reductions in the downgradient groundwater mass flux values for chlorinated ethenes (>58%) and a significant increase in the mass flux of ethene (628%). There were significant reductions in total CVOCs mass (78%), which was less than an estimated 86% decrease in total CVOCs made at 2.5 years due to variations in soil cores collected for CVOCs extraction and determination; an estimated reduction of 23% (vs.63% at 2.5 years) in the sorbed and dissolved phases and 95% (vs. 93% at 2.5 years) reduction in the PCE DNAPL mass. Significant increases in dissolved sulfide, volatile fatty acids (VFA), and total organic carbon (TOC) were observed and dissolved sulfate and pH decreased in many monitoring wells. The apparent effective destruction of CVOC was accomplished by a combination of abiotic dechlorination by nanoiron and biological reductive dechlorination stimulated by the oil in the emulsion. No adverse effects of EZVI were observed for the microbes. In contrast, populations of dehalococcoides showed an increase up to 10,000 fold after EZVI injection. The dechlorination reactions were sustained for the six-year period from a single EZVI delivery. Repeated EZVI injections four to six years apart may be cost-effective to more completely remove the source zone contaminant mass. Overall, the advantages of the EZVI technology include an effective “one-two punch” of rapid abiotic dechlorination followed by a sustained biodegradation; contaminants are destroyed rather than transferred to another medium; ability to treat both DNAPL source zones and dissolved-phase contaminants to contain plume migration; ability to deliver reactants to targeted zones not readily accessible by conventional permeable reactive barriers; and potential for lower overall costs relative to alternative technologies such as groundwater pump-and-treat with high operation and maintenance costs or thermal technologies with high capital costs. The main limitations of the EZVI technology are difficulty in effectively distributing the viscous EZVI to all areas impacted with DNAPL; potential decrease in hydraulic conductivity due to iron corrosion products buildup or biofouling; potential to adversely impact secondary groundwater quality through mobilization of metals and production of sulfides or methane; injection of EZVI may displace DNAPL away from the injection point; and repeated injections may be required to completely destroy the contaminants.
Conference papers on the topic "Emulsifier production"
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Haslinah, Andi, Setyawati Yani, and Andi Aladin. "Optimization Of The Rotational Speed Of Homogenizers In The Production Of VCO Emulsion Using Soy Lecithin As The Emulsifier." In Proceedings of the First International Conference on Materials Engineering and Management - Engineering Section (ICMEMe 2018). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icmeme-18.2019.4.
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Al-Taq, Ali, Abdullah Al-Moajil, Sajjad Aldarweesh, and Hussain Al-Abbas. "Downhole Sludge: Formation, Characterization and Removal." In International Petroleum Technology Conference. IPTC, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2523/iptc-21321-ms.
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Abstract Sludge formed downhole in the production interval can be classified into crude oil-based or mud-based sludge. Sludge obstruction may result in partial or total loss of well productivity. Oil-based mud is commonly used in drilling of the pay zones in sandstone formations as a less/non damaging fluid. Oil-based mud typically contain emulsifier, viscosifer and other additives including polymer blend and calcium carbonate to serve different functions. Presence of emulsifier may increase emulsion tendency upon interaction with downhole environment. The resulting emulsion might be tight to an extent that a thick sludge is formed which can impair well productivity. Similarly, oil-based sludge may form from oil/water interaction in presence of emulsifiers, asphaltene, wax, solids, shear, etc. Identification of the sludge material will help in development of an effective chemical treatment to remove formation damage and restore well productivity. In this study, an extensive laboratory work was conducted to explore potential interactions of different downhole environment contaminants/factors on formation of oil-based and mud-based sludge. Typical mud-based and crude oil-based sludge samples were characterized using different analytical techniques including solvent extraction, XRD, TGA, ICP and viscosity. The results showed that the mud-based sludge sample contained calcium carbonate, dolomite quartz as the main components in the inorganic phase while the organic phase include polymers and oil. The oil-based sludge sample contained mainly water (82 wt%) with some solid particulates and asphaltene in the organic phase. Analysis of supernatants generated from solubility tests conducted for the mud-based and oil-based sludge samples revealed in addition to the high amount of calcium presence of iron in considerable amount (nearly 1,000 mg/L). Interaction of ferric chloride, quartz with an invert-emulsion mud was investigated. A significant increase in viscosity was observed upon incorporation of these contaminates with the mud sample. Iron ions in the aqueous phase tended to stabilized emulsion. This paper presents in detail mechanisms of mud-based and crude oil-based sludge formation upon interaction with environment. It also examined several chemical formulations for removal of mud-based and oil-based sludge samples.
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Wu, Jing, Matthew Monette, Jeff Sickorez, Joseph Street, Peng Tonmukayakul, Jesse Lee, Steven Craig, Quoc Nguyen, and Steven Craig. "New and Improved Single-Aqueous-Phase Retarded Acid SAPRA - Performance, Pore Volume Break through, and Wormhole Characterization." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/206363-ms.
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Abstract Controlling the reactivity of HCl is the most viable approach to successfully stimulate a high-temperature carbonate reservoir. It is essential to retard the HCl-carbonate rock reaction to achieve the optimum balance between total fluid used and enhancing well production. However, drawbacks intrinsic to the technology architectures have prevented the industry-wide adoption of these inventions. For instance, the conventional emulsified acid is well documented to exhibit high friction pressure, is cumbersome to prepare, and performance is sensitive to a multitude of parameters. The recently developed singleaqueous-phase retarded acid (SAPRA) represents one big step toward the right direction, but there is certainly ample room for improvement. This paper presents the next generation of SAPRA system and its laboratory findings. In this system, the HCl reactivity is regulated and retarded by a single, potent low-dosage additive, which is compatible with selected acid corrosion inhibitors, non-emulsifiers, H2S scavengers, and other commonly used additives, and if necessary, friction reducers as well.
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Lee, Po-I., Atsushi Matsumoto, Yi Zheng, Xingbin Xie, and Ming-Chia Lai. "The Spray and Engine Combustion Performances of Ethanol-Biodiesel Fuel Blends." In ASME 2011 Internal Combustion Engine Division Fall Technical Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icef2011-60073.
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Some research has studied the effects of ethanol blended diesel (E-diesel) on emissions due to the availability of ethanol. However, a co-solvent or emulsifier is needed to provide better mixing of these two fuels, which would complicate the production process. In recent years, researchers have reported that biodiesel is a good co-solvent in terms of its miscibility with ethanol. Therefore, the present study utilizes the name “E-Biodiesel” representing the blend of ethanol and biodiesel as an alternative fuel. In this paper, the effects of blending ratios (B100, B80E20, and B60E40) of ethanol-biodiesel on viscosity, spray vaporization, engine combustion, and exhaust emissions are investigated. The viscosity measurements show that appropriate ethanol-biodiesel blends could approach the viscosity of ultra-low sulfur diesel (ULSD). The effect of blends on fuel spray structure is investigated by using two single-hole injectors with different nozzle orifice diameters (80μm and 150 μm) and high-speed Schlieren imaging. The results indicate that different patterns of spray vaporization are observed due to the addition of ethanol at different ambient pressure. The combustion and emission tests are carried out in a multi-cylinder high-speed diesel engine, and the effects of E-Biodiesel are significant with respect to the power output, fuel consumption, and emissions. As a result, nitrogen oxides (NOX) and particulate matter (PM) could be reduced simultaneously by the adjustment of injection timing and exhaust gas recirculation (EGR). Therefore, with proper blending ratios of biodiesel and ethanol, E-biodiesel could be considered viable as an alternative fuel in the future.
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Sayed, Mohammed Ali Ibrahim, Ahmed Salah El Deen Zakaria, Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din, Stuart Peter Holt, and Hassan Almalki. "Core Flood Study of a New Emulsified Acid with Reservoir Cores." In SPE International Production and Operations Conference & Exhibition. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/157310-ms.
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Sayed, Mohammed Ali Ibrahim, and Hisham A. Nasr-El-Din. "Acid Treatments in High Temperature Dolomitic Carbonate Reservoirs Using Emulsified Acids: A Coreflood Study." In SPE Production and Operations Symposium. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/164487-ms.
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Navarrete, R. C., B. A. Holms, S. B. McConnell, and D. E. Linton. "Emulsified Acid Enhances Well Production in High-Temperature Carbonate Formations." In European Petroleum Conference. Society of Petroleum Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/50612-ms.
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Jianfeng Wang, Panfeng Chen, Guofang Li, Cuifen Lun, and Shiguang Liu. "Design and research of automated production line for Emulsified asphalt." In 2010 International Conference On Computer and Communication Technologies in Agriculture Engineering (CCTAE). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/cctae.2010.5544357.
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Shamlooh1, Mohamed Saeed, Ahmed Hamza, Ibnelwaleed Hussein, Mustafa Nasser, and Saeed Salehi. "Overview of Polymers for Improved Oil Recovery Treatments." In Qatar University Annual Research Forum & Exhibition. Qatar University Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29117/quarfe.2020.0063.
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High water production in oil and gas wells reduces significantly the recovery factor. Mechanical as well as chemical methods are applied to shut off water productive zones. Crosslinked polymers showed high efficiency to seal off water zones in high permeability sandstone and fractured carbonate reservoirs. Moreover, emulsified polymeric formulations have been introduced for deep profile modification by changing the wettability of the rock and hence allowing selective plugging of water. This poster provides an overview of the polymeric formulations used for such application.
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Sandri, Monica, Michele Iafisco, Silvia Panseri, Elisa Savini, and Anna Tampieri. "Fully Biodegradable Magnetic Micro-Nanoparticles: A New Platform for Tissue Regeneration and Theranostic." In ASME 2013 2nd Global Congress on NanoEngineering for Medicine and Biology. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/nemb2013-93223.
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Nowadays, magnetic materials are receiving special attention due to their potential applications in different fields and in particular in medicine. Magnetic micro-nano-particles have been progressively employed as support materials for enzyme immobilization, and have been used as drug-delivery vehicles, contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging as well as heat mediators for hyperthermia-based anti-cancer treatments and many other exciting biomedical applications. Magnetic materials have also attracted a big interest in the field of bone tissue regeneration because it has been demonstrated that magnetic nanoparticles have effect of osteoinduction even without external magnetic force. Therefore, one of the most big challenge in this field is the production of magnetic materials with good biocompatibility and biodegradability. In fact, the long-term effects in the human body of iron oxide (maghemite or magnetite), the most popular magnetic phase used in medicine and biotechnology, are not yet completely assessed. To this aim, in this work we developed an innovative biocompatible and bioresorbable superparamagnetic-like phase by doping nano-hydroxyapatite with Fe2+/Fe3+ ions (FeHA). Moreover the same magnetic nanoparticles were used as nano-particulate emulsifier for the preparation of hollow hybrid Fe-HA-poly(L-lactic) acid (PLLA) micro-nano-spheres. PLLA has been used because poly(α-hydroxy-esters) are the most frequently used synthetic polymers for biomedical applications owing to their biocompatibility, hydrolytic degradation process and proper mechanical properties. These micro-nanospheres could be used as new type of scaffold for hard tissue regeneration. In fact, spherical scaffold display several advantages respect to the monolithic counterpart e.g., (i) improving control over sustained delivery of therapeutic agents, signalling biomolecules and even pluripotent stem cells, (ii) serving as stimulus-sensitive delivery vehicles for triggered release, (iii) introducing porosity and/or improve the mechanical properties of bulk scaffolds by acting as porogen or reinforcement phase, (iv) supplying compartmentalized micro-reactors for dedicated biochemical processes, (v) functioning as cell delivery vehicle, and, finally, (vi) giving possibility of preparing injectable and/or mouldable formulations to be applied by using minimally invasive surgery. Moreover, the same magnetic materials could find applications in nanomedicine as a multifunctional carrier. Their magnetic functionality could be utilized to move them into the body towards target organs by an external magnetic field. Furthermore, the superparamagnetic feature of the nanoparticles could allow to tailor the release of the therapeutic agent by switching (on-off) the external magnetic field and/or to treat cancer cells by hyperthermia.