Relevant bibliographies by topics / Emu muscle

Academic literature on the topic 'Emu muscle'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 4 June 2021
Last updated: 20 February 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Emu muscle"

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Patak, A., and J. Baldwin. "STRUCTURAL AND METABOLIC CHARACTERIZATION OF THE MUSCLES USED TO POWER RUNNING IN THE EMU (DROMAIUS NOVAEHOLLANDIAE), A GIANT FLIGHTLESS BIRD." Journal of Experimental Biology 175, no. 1 (February 1, 1993): 233–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.175.1.233.

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The emu is a giant flightless bird, capable of sustained high-speed running. Anatomical, histochemical and biochemical properties of the lower leg muscles used to power running were investigated. The gastrocnemius is the largest muscle in the emu leg. It has a short inelastic tendon and contains only fast fibres. It is the major power-producing muscle of the lower leg, with a greater capacity than the digital flexor muscles for bursts of high work output. In marked contrast, the digital flexors have long elastic tendons and contain both fast and slow muscle fibres. It is proposed that these muscles, rather than the gastrocnemius, are responsible for maintaining posture and that they facilitate elastic energy storage and retrieval in their tendons during running. In comparison with equivalent muscles of flying and diving birds, emu lower leg muscles display features consistent with greater power output during both short burst and endurance running. The emu muscles are more massive relative to body size, and the gastrocnemii of other birds invariably contain slow fibres This study illustrates some of the similarities as well as differences between muscles used during flying and running. Capacities for sustained high-energy work appear to be similar in flying birds and running emus as judged from (1) the muscle masses used during locomotion when expressed as a proportion of total body mass and (2) muscle fibre type compositions and their potential for fuel catabolism. The lower creatine kinase activity in emu leg muscles could be attributed to higher energy demands during the initial stages of lift-off for flight.
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Stirling, R. V., and D. Summerbell. "Specific guidance of motor axons to duplicated muscles in the developing amniote limb." Development 103, no. 1 (May 1, 1988): 97–110. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/dev.103.1.97.

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The effect of alteration of limb pattern upon motor axon guidance has been investigated in chick embryos. Following grafting of the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA) into the anterior margin of the early limb bud, limbs develop with forearms duplicated about the anteroposterior axis. The position of motoneurones innervating the duplicated posterior forearm extensor EMU was mapped by retrograde transport of horse radish peroxidase (HRP). The motor pool labelled from injection into the anteriorly duplicated EMU muscle is consistently similar to that supplying the posterior EMU muscle on the unoperated side of the embryo. In those cases where the axons are well filled, their trajectories from the injection site are observed to change position within the radial nerve to specifically innervate the duplicated muscle. The axons modify their trajectories proximal to the level of limb duplication in a region where there is no change in the pattern of overt differentiation of the limb cells. This suggests that axons may use a cell's positional value to navigate and provides significant support for the theory of positional information.
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Suman, S. P., P. Joseph, S. Li, C. M. Beach, M. Fontaine, and L. Steinke. "Amino acid sequence of myoglobin from emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) skeletal muscle." Meat Science 86, no. 3 (November 2010): 623–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2010.04.041.

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Hulbert, A. J., S. Faulks, W. A. Buttemer, and P. L. Else. "Acyl composition of muscle membranes varies with body size in birds." Journal of Experimental Biology 205, no. 22 (November 15, 2002): 3561–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jeb.205.22.3561.

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SUMMARYThe acyl composition of phospholipids from pectoral muscle of eight species of birds, ranging in size from the 13 g zebra finch to the 34 kg emu, were measured and combined with recent published results for a 3 g hummingbird. This represents an approximately 11000-fold range in body mass. Muscle phospholipids, and thus muscle membrane bilayers, from birds had a relatively constant unsaturated acyl chain content of 62% but exhibited a significant allometric decline in unsaturation index (number of double bonds per 100 acyl chains) with increasing body mass. There was a significant allometric increase in the percentage of mono-unsaturates and a significant allometric decline in the percentage of n-3 polyunsaturates with increasing body mass,whilst there were no significant allometric trends in either percentage of n-6 or percentage of total polyunsaturates in bird muscle. The relative content of the highly polyunsaturated docosahexaenoic acid (22:6 n-3) showed the greatest scaling with body mass, having an allometric exponent of -0.28. The contribution of this n-3 polyunsaturate to the unsaturation index varied with body size, ranging from less than a 6%contribution in the emu to approximately 70% in the hummingbird. Such allometric variation in the acyl composition of bird muscle phospholipids is similar to that observed in mammals, although birds have fewer n-3 polyunsaturates and more n-6 polyunsaturates than do mammalian phospholipids. This allometric variation in phospholipid acyl composition is discussed with respect to both the metabolic intensity and lifespan of different sized bird species.
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Briggs, Derek E. G., and Christopher Nedin. "The taphonomy and affinities of the problematic fossilMyoscolexfrom the Lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia." Journal of Paleontology 71, no. 1 (January 1997): 22–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0022336000038919.

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Most of the specimens ofMyoscolex atelesGlaessner, 1979, the most abundant soft-bodied taxon in the Big Gully fauna from the Lower Cambrian Emu Bay Shale of South Australia, preserveonlythe phosphatized trunk muscles, in striking contrast to the organic residues that characterize other Burgess-Shale-type biotas. This is the oldest phosphatized muscle tissue and the first thus far reported from the Cambrian. The extent of phosphatization implies a source in addition to the animal itself, and this is reflected in high levels of phosphate in the Big Gully sequence compared to other shales. The apparent anomaly posed by the extensive preservation of labile muscle tissue as opposed to the more decay resistant cuticle is explained by the role of bacterial processes in the preservation of soft tissues. New specimens ofMyoscolexreveal a variable number of trunk somites with possible tergites, and flap-like appendages. There is evidence for at least three eyes on the head, and a proboscis may have been present. An annelid affinity is rejected andMyoscolexis reinterpreted as anOpabinia-likeanimal with possible affinities with the arachnomorph arthropods.
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Kluis, Logan, Nathan Keller, Hedan Bai, Narahari Iyengar, Robert Shepherd, and Ana Diaz-Artiles. "Reducing Metabolic Cost During Planetary Ambulation Using Robotic Actuation." Aerospace Medicine and Human Performance 92, no. 7 (July 1, 2021): 570–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.3357/amhp.5754.2021.

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INTRODUCTION: Current spacesuits are cumbersome and metabolically expensive. The use of robotic actuators could improve extravehicular activity performance. We propose a novel method to quantify the benefit of robotic actuators during planetary ambulation.METHODS: Using the OpenSim framework, we completed a biomechanical analysis of three walking conditions: unsuited, suited with the extravehicular mobility unit (EMU) spacesuit (represented as external joint torques applied to human joints), and suited with the EMU and assisted by robotic actuators capable of producing up to 10 Nm of torque. For each scenario, we calculated the inverse kinematics and inverse dynamics of the lower body joints (hip, knee, and ankle). We also determined the activation of muscles and robotic actuators (when present). Finally, from inverse dynamics and muscle activation results, the metabolic cost of one gait cycle was calculated in all three conditions.RESULTS: The moments of lower body joints increased due to the increased resistance to movement from the spacesuit. The additional torque increased the overall metabolic cost by 85 compared to the unsuited condition. The assistive robotic actuators were able to reduce the metabolic cost induced by EMU resistance by 15.DISCUSSION: Our model indicates that the majority of metabolic cost reduction can be attributed to the actuators located at the hip. The robotic actuators reduced metabolic cost similar to that of modern-day actuators used to improve walking. During a Mars mission, the actuators could save one crewmember up to 100,000 kilocal on one 539-d planetary expedition.Kluis L, Keller N, Bai H, Iyengar N, Shepherd R, Diaz-Artiles A. Reducing metabolic cost during planetary ambulation using robotic actuation. Aerosp Med Hum Perform. 2021; 92(7):570578.
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Bucław, Mateusz, Adam Lepczyński, Agnieszka Herosimczyk, Małgorzata Ożgo, Danuta Szczerbińska, Danuta Majewska, Kamila Liput, and Mariusz Pierzchała. "Post mortem changes in M. iliotibialis lateralis muscle protein profile of emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae)." Meat Science 180 (October 2021): 108562. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.meatsci.2021.108562.

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Ebersole, Kyle T., and David M. Malek. "Fatigue and the Electromechanical Efficiency of the Vastus Medialis and Vastus Lateralis Muscles." Journal of Athletic Training 43, no. 2 (March 1, 2008): 152–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.4085/1062-6050-43.2.152.

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Abstract Context: The relationship between the amplitudes of the mechanomyographic (MMG) and electromyographic (EMG) signals has been used to examine the “electromechanical efficiency” (EME) of normal and diseased muscle. The EME may help us to better understand the neuromuscular relationship between the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles. Objective: To examine the EME of the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles during a fatiguing task. Design: Repeated-measures design. Setting: Research laboratory. Patients or Other Participants: Ten healthy males (age = 23.2 ± 1.2 years) with no history of knee injury. Intervention(s): Seventy-five consecutive, maximal concentric isokinetic leg extensions at a velocity of 180°/s. Main Outcomes Measure(s): Bipolar surface EMG electrodes were placed over the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles, with an MMG contact sensor placed adjacent to the superior EMG electrode on each muscle. The MMG and EMG amplitude values (root mean squares) were calculated for each of the 75 repetitions and normalized to the highest value from the 75 repetitions. The EME was expressed as the ratio of the log-transformed normalized MMG amplitude to the normalized EMG amplitude. For each muscle, the linear relationship for the normalized-group mean EME was determined across the 75 repetitions. Results: Linear regression indicated decreases in torque (R2 = .96), vastus medialis EME (R2 = .73), and vastus lateralis EME (R2 = .73). The slopes for the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis EME were not different (P > .10). Conclusions: The similarities in the fatigue-induced decreases in EME for the vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscles suggested that symmetry was present between the muscles in the electric and mechanical responses to repeated, maximal muscle actions. The EME measurements may provide a unique insight into the influence of fatigue on the contractile properties of skeletal muscle, including alterations that occur to the intrinsic electric and mechanical components. The EME may be useful in assessing and quantifying clinically relevant asymmetries in vastus medialis and vastus lateralis muscle function in those with knee injuries.
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Fitzgerald, D. R., L. D. Thompson, M. F. Miller, and L. C. Hoover. "Cooking Temperature, Bird Type, and Muscle Origin Effects on Sensory Properties of Broiled Emu Steaks." Journal of Food Science 64, no. 1 (January 1999): 167–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-2621.1999.tb09884.x.

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Berge, P., J. Lepetit, M. Renerre, and C. Touraille. "Meat quality traits in the emu (Dromaius novaehollandiae) as affected by muscle type and animal age." Meat Science 45, no. 2 (February 1997): 209–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0309-1740(96)00040-x.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Emu muscle"

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Plassman, Brenda L. 1957. "INSPIRATORY MUSCLE RESPONSES TO OCCLUSION (EMG)." Thesis, The University of Arizona, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/291244.

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Szöllösi, Tomáš. "Měření EMG a posouzení vlivu zátěže." Master's thesis, Vysoké učení technické v Brně. Fakulta elektrotechniky a komunikačních technologií, 2012. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-374762.

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The task of this thesis was focused on influence of physical load on electrical activity of muscle. There are basic principals and terms from the problematic of measuring electric activity of muscle. Author suggested measuring protocol, got data from group of people, made an application and used this application to analyse measured signals. At the end of this work it was suggested statistical processing and evaluation of results.
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Gobert, Nathalie. "Etude des paramètres EMG de la fatigue musculaire du muscle trapèze supérieur dans l'extension de la tête." Bordeaux 2, 1992. http://www.theses.fr/1992BOR2M168.

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Young, Richard N. (Richard Norman). "The effect of muscle contractility on surface EMG /." Thesis, McGill University, 1989. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=60423.

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This study was designed as an investigation of the role of changes in muscle force and changes in muscle length on the EMG for the Tibialis Anterior (TA).
Using surface electrodes we examined the EMG for 4 contraction levels at 5 ankle positions over 60$ sp circ$ of ankle rotation. The change in median frequency with muscle length identified a significant shift in the power spectrum to lower frequencies with increasing muscle length.
To further investigate our results we performed three other experiments: First, using X-rays to identify the relative change in distance between two intramuscular wire electrodes we found the change in TA muscle length for this study to be 15% over the 60$ sp circ$ of ankle rotation. Second, to test for synergist contamination we used fine wire electrodes in the Extensor Digitorum Longus and the Peroneus. We found no evidence to support significant contamination. Third, we examined the role of smaller electrodes with a smaller interelectrode distance on our findings. The EMG showed drastic changes with even a slight shift in electrode position most likely due to the large number of innervation zones.
Therefore, the results indicate a shift in the power spectrum with a change in muscle length. In addition, surface EMG results are heavily dependent on the innervation zones and on the electrode geometry, all of which are important considerations in developing the EMG as an accurate diagnostic tool.
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Cutts, Alison. "Surface EMG as an indicator of muscle force." Thesis, University of Leeds, 1988. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.328893.

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Bida, Oljeta. "Influence of electromyogram (EMG) amplitude processing in EMG-torque estimation." Link to electronic thesis, 2005. http://www.wpi.edu/Pubs/ETD/Available/etd--01295-140510/.

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Thesis (M.S.)--Worcester Polytechnic Institute.
Keywords: system identification; EMG; optimal sampling rate; linear torque model; EMG-torque model; EMG amplitude; torque. Includes bibliographical references (p. 77-86).
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Portero, Pierre. "Adaptation du muscle humain à la microgravité simulée : apport de l'analyse spectrale du signal EMG." Compiègne, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993COMP566S.

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Les modifications des paramètres spectraux du signal électromyographique de surface (EMGS) des muscles Triceps Surae (T. S. ) et Tibialis Anterior (T. A. ), au cours d'une épreuve de fatigue isométrique, sont étudiées en relation avec une situation de microgravité simulée chez l'homme, c'est-à-dire lors d'une période de Bed Rest (B. R. ). La revue de la littérature a permis de montrer que : d'une part, lors d'une période de microgravité réelle ou simulée, les muscles à fonction antigravitaire (T. S) sont plus affectés que les muscles à fonction phasique (T. A. ) ; d'autre part, les paramètres spectraux EMGS évoluent différemment lors d'épreuves de fatigue et ceci en fonction de leurs caractéristiques métaboliques musculaires. L'étude a comporté deux phases principales : la première a consisté en la validation du protocole expérimental, la caractérisation des réponses des différents muscles en terme d'évolution des paramètres spectraux EMGS, et l'établissement d'une relation entre ces paramètres spectraux et certains paramètres du métabolisme musculaire exploré par spectroscopie RMN 31P ; la deuxième a été de caractériser l'évolution des paramètres spectraux EMGS en fonction du statut fonctionnel du T. S. Et du T. A. Lors d'une période de B. R. (4 semaines), avec et sans contre-mesures d'exercice musculaire. Les résultats montrent que : grâce à la méthode proposée (épreuve isométrique à 50% de la force maximale volontaire et analyse spectrale du signal EMGS), il est possible de différencier les évolutions des muscles en fonction de leur résistance à la fatigue grâce à l'établissement d'un débit de la fréquence moyenne (MPF) du spectre EMGS (% de diminution de la valeur initiale de la MPF par minute de temps de contraction). Ce débit constitue un index de fatigabilité d'un point de vue EMGS : il existe une relation entre le glissement spectral vers les basses fréquences de L'EMGS et la concentration musculaire en H2PO4 d'une part et H+ d'autre part ; il est possible de différencier ces évolutions par rapport à une situation de microgravité simulée, les différents chefs musculaires du T. S. (les gastrocnemii et le soleus) présentant une augmentation du débit de MPF contrairement au T. A. ; et enfin, lorsqu'un entraînement musculaire est non spécifique de la fonction des muscles étudiés, celui-ci n'est pas suffisant pour contrecarrer les effets du déconditionnement exprimés en terme EMGS. En conclusion, l'analyse spectrale du signal EMGS, lors d'épreuves de fatigue isométrique, apparaît comme étant un outil fiable pour discriminer les muscles par rapport à leur fonction antigravitaire (ou non) et en situation de microgravité simulée. L'aspect non invasif de cette méthode en fait une technique de choix pour le suivi de l'adaptation du muscle dans les domaines de la physiologie spatiale, sportive et de la médecine
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Rababy, Nada. "Estimation of EMG conduction velocity using system identification." Thesis, McGill University, 1987. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=63819.

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Tortopidis, Dimitrios Steliou. "Bite force and EMG studies on the jaw-closing muscles." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1997. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.361012.

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Liu, Ming Ming. "Dynamic muscle force prediction from EMG signals using artificial neural networks." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/mq20875.pdf.

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Books on the topic "Emu muscle"

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J, Robinson William. The effects of skill level on EMG activity during internal and external imagery. Eugene: Microform Publications, College of Human Development and Performance, University of Oregon, 1985.

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K, Silver Julie, and Weiss Jay, eds. Easy EMG: A guide to performing nerve conduction studies and electromyography. Edinburgh: Butterworth-Heinemann, 2004.

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Rembrandt Harmenszoon van Rijn, 1606-1669., Rodari Florian, and Musée Jenisch. Cabinet cantonal des estampes., eds. Rembrandt, les collections du Cabinet des estampes de Vevey. Vevey: Fonds Pierre Decker et Cabinet cantonal des estampes, Musée Jenisch, 1997.

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Misra, V. Peter, and Santiago Catania. EMG-guided botulinum toxin therapy. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780199688395.003.0026.

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This chapter explains the mechanism by which botulinum neurotoxin (BoNT) causes its neuromuscular paralytic effects, and reviews the developments that led these effects to be harnessed therapeutically. It specifically focuses upon the conditions of dystonia and spasticity. Within the spectrum of these diseases, it discusses those situations where BoNT injections are the treatment of choice. The very accurate targeting of BoNT into specific muscles in many situations is both desirable and crucial in some situations BoNT’s therapeutic neuroparalytic effect may need to be restricted to a single muscle fascicle.. In some cases, an inaccurately placed injection may be associated with unacceptable side effects. In order to achieve accuracy of BoNT injection delivery, intramuscular injections of BoNT aided by electromyography (EMG) guidance allows the very accurate targeting of specific muscles. The practical aspects related to the preparation of BoNT for injection and the methodology and techniques for injecting using EMG guidance are discussed. The importance of good anatomical knowledge and the relevant EMG techniques to target individual muscles are highlighted and applied to injection of muscles in different body areas. Finally, certain diagnostic neurophysiological tests, which may be useful for the management of some neurological conditions that are treated by BoNT are briefly discussed.
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Headley, Barbara J. Muscle scanning: Interpreting EMG scans. Pain Resources, 1990.

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Ramdass, Ranjit. Neurophysiology in the assessment of inflammatory myopathies. Edited by Hector Chinoy and Robert Cooper. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754121.003.0015.

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Clinical neurophysiology (electrodiagnosis) includes the assessment of peripheral nerves by electrical stimulation (nerve conduction studies, NCS) and needle examination of muscles (electromyography, EMG). Electrodiagnostic assessment is a functional extension of clinical examination into the laboratory. It plays an important role in the investigation of a patient suspected of having myositis, providing valuable information regarding peripheral nerve, neuromuscular junction and muscle functions, to better characterize clinical syndromes. NCS can establish the presence and quantify the severity of a primary or co-existing peripheral neuropathy, while EMG examination can help discriminate between primary myogenic and primary neurogenic disorders. EMG is potentially more sensitive than clinical examination, as abnormalities can be detected in muscles apparently unaffected on clinical examination. Additionally, a number of muscles can be sampled to help target an optimal muscle biopsy site. Neurophysiology can also assist in monitoring treatment responses and detecting emerging problems, such steroid myopathy or drug-induced neuropathy.
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Pitt, Matthew. Needle EMG findings in different pathologies. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198754596.003.0007.

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In this chapter, the inability of electromyography (EMG) to be able to further progress the diagnosis of myopathy on its own—requiring muscle biopsy and other modalities such as genetics to complete this process—is emphasized. The role of EMG particularly in the era of genetics is discussed. Findings in neurogenic abnormality are next described and the important hereditary conditions such as spinal muscular atrophy (SMA), distal SMA, Brown–Vialetto–Van Laere syndrome, segmental anterior horn cell disease, conditions with progressive bulbar palsy, SMARD1, and pontocerebellar hypoplasia with spinal muscle are discussed in detail. The differential diagnosis of 5q SMA type 1 is specifically outlined. Acquired forms of anterior horn disease, including Hirayama disease, poliomyelitis and enteropathic motor neuropathy, Hopkins syndrome, tumours, and vascular lesions are covered. There is discussion of the use of physiological tests to monitor progress in SMA, with tests including compound muscle action potential amplitude and motor unit number estimation. Finally, the important correlation between muscle biopsy and EMG is highlighted.
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EMG Methods for Evaluating Muscle and Nerve Function. InTech, 2012.

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Schwartz, Mark, ed. EMG Methods for Evaluating Muscle and Nerve Function. InTech, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/1465.

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Shaibani, Aziz. Muscle Atrophy and Hypertrophy. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780190661304.003.0017.

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Muscle atrophy is usually caused by interruption of axonal flow [axonal neuropathies, motor neuron diseases (MNDs), etc.]. If weakness is out of proportion to atrophy, demyelinating neuropathy should be suspected. Chronic myopathies and immobility also may cause atrophy, but no electromyography (EMG) evidence of denervation or myopathy is found. The pattern of atrophy is often helpful to localize the lesions. Atrophy of the interossi and preservation of the bulk of the thenar muscles suggest ulnar neuropathy, but atrophy of both would suggest a C8 or plexus pathology. Muscle enlargement may be due to fatty replacement, which can be confirmed by EMG and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), or due to real muscle hypertrophy from excessive discharges (neuromyotonia).
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Book chapters on the topic "Emu muscle"

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Meek, Sanford G., John E. Wood, and Stephen C. Jacobsen. "Model-Based, Multi-Muscle EMG Control of Upper-Extremity Prostheses." In Multiple Muscle Systems, 360–76. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-9030-5_22.

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Barbero, Marco, Roberto Merletti, and Alberto Rainoldi. "Introduction and Applications of Surface EMG." In Atlas of Muscle Innervation Zones, 3–6. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2463-2_1.

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Arrigo, A., R. Casale, and M. Buoncuore. "EMG evaluation of respiratory muscles." In Respiratory Muscles in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease, 69–74. London: Springer London, 1988. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4471-3850-1_7.

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Botter, A., and R. Merletti. "EMG of Electrically Stimulated Muscles." In Surface Electromyography : Physiology, Engineering, and Applications, 311–32. Hoboken, New Jersey: John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/9781119082934.ch11.

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Barbero, Marco, Roberto Merletti, and Alberto Rainoldi. "EMG Imaging: Geometry and Anatomy of the Electrode-Muscle System." In Atlas of Muscle Innervation Zones, 39–47. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2463-2_4.

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Barbero, Marco, Roberto Merletti, and Alberto Rainoldi. "Features of the Two-Dimensional sEMG Signal: EMG Feature Imaging." In Atlas of Muscle Innervation Zones, 61–69. Milano: Springer Milan, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-88-470-2463-2_6.

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Jauw, Veronica Lestari, and S. Parasuraman. "Investigation on Upper Limb’s Muscle Utilizing EMG Signal." In Communications in Computer and Information Science, 216–25. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-35197-6_24.

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Georgiou, Pantelis, and Ermis Koutsos. "Microelectronics for Muscle Fatigue Monitoring Through Surface EMG." In CMOS Circuits for Biological Sensing and Processing, 133–62. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-67723-1_6.

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Triantaphyllou, Evangelos. "First Case Study: Predicting Muscle Fatigue from EMG Signals." In Data Mining and Knowledge Discovery via Logic-Based Methods, 277–87. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-1630-3_14.

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Spüler, Martin, Nerea Irastorza-Landa, Andrea Sarasola-Sanz, and Ander Ramos-Murguialday. "Extracting Muscle Synergy Patterns from EMG Data Using Autoencoders." In Artificial Neural Networks and Machine Learning – ICANN 2016, 47–54. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-44781-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Emu muscle"

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Zhang, Jiayue, Daniel Vanderbilt, Ethan Fitz, and Janet Dong. "EMG Controlled Soft Robotic Bicep Augmentation." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11716.

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Abstract Repeated lifting tasks are often required of industrial workers. Such repetitive loading of workers’ arms throughout the workday can lead to injury and fatigue. This paper details the development and prototyping of a wearable soft robotic device to augment a worker’s arms by sensing and mimicking the contractions of their arm muscles. The device shares lifting loads with the user’s muscles to increase their lifting capacity, thereby preventing injury and reducing fatigue. The human arm contains many muscles that coordinate to produce movement. However, as a simplified proof of concept, this project developed a prototype to augment just the biceps brachii muscle since it is the primary pulling muscle used in lifting movements. Key components of the prototype include a soft robotic actuator analogous to the biceps, a control system for the actuator, and a method of attaching the actuator to the user’s arm. The McKibben-inspired pneumatic muscle was chosen as the soft actuator of the prototype. The Electromyography (EMG) and pressure sensors are used to inform a hybrid control algorithm combining PID and model-based control methods. The method and results of the design and preliminary feasibility testing of the pneumatic muscle, the controlling algorithm, and the overall prototype are discussed in this paper. Based on these results, a wearable EMG controlled soft robotic arm augmentation could feasibly increase the endurance of industrial workers performing repetitive lifting tasks.
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Tahmid, Shadman, Josep Maria Font-Llagunes, and James Yang. "Upper Extremity Joint Torque Estimation Through an EMG-Driven Model." In ASME 2022 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2022-89952.

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Abstract Cerebrovascular accidents like a stroke can affect lower limb as well as upper extremity joints (i.e., shoulder, elbow or wrist) and hinder the ability to produce necessary torque for activities of daily living. In such cases, muscles’ ability to generate force reduces, thus affecting the joint’s torque production. Understanding how muscles generate force is a key element to injury detection. Researchers developed several computational methods to obtain muscle forces and joint torques. Electromyography (EMG) driven modeling is one of the approaches to estimate muscle forces and obtain joint torques from muscle activity measurements. Musculoskeletal models and EMG-driven models require necessary muscle-specific parameters for the calculation. The focus of this research is to investigate the EMG-driven approach along with an upper extremity musculoskeletal model to determine muscle forces of two major muscle groups, biceps brachii and triceps brachii, consisting of seven muscle-tendon units. Estimated muscle forces were used to determine the elbow joint torque. Experimental EMG signals and motion capture data were collected for a healthy subject. The musculoskeletal model was scaled to match the geometric parameters of the subject. First, the approach calculated muscle forces and joint moment for simple elbow flexion-extension. Later, the same approach was applied to an exercise called triceps kickback, which trains the triceps muscle group. Individual muscle forces and net joint torques for both tasks were estimated.
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Sheikhzadeh, Ali, Mohamad Parnianpour, and Margareta Nordin. "An EMG-Driven Model of Trunk During Complex Isometric Exertions in Upright Posture." In ASME 1997 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1997. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1997-0307.

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Abstract The EMG-driven models of trunk have been used to predict force generated by the trunk muscles and thereby risk of injury by estimating the net joint reaction forces. These models are based on the assumption that tensile force generated in a muscle is related to the normalized EMG and adopted cross-sectional area of the muscle. The EMG-force relationship adopted by these models assumed a linear relationship with zero intercept. However, no experimental justification exists to explain the zero intercept in the EMG-driven models. The aim of this study was to test the hypothesis that the results of EMG-driven models will be affected significantly by the assumptions made with respect to the EMG-force relationship of the trunk muscles.
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Forshaw, Robert V., Nicholas W. Snow, Jared M. Wolff, Mansour Zenouzi, and Douglas E. Dow. "Electromyography (EMG) Controlled Assistive Rehabilitation System." In ASME 2014 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2014-40238.

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Electromyography (EMG) is a method for monitoring the electrical activity of skeletal muscles. The EMG signal is used to diagnose neuromuscular diseases and muscular injuries. EMG can also be utilized as an indicator of user intent for a muscle contraction for a specific motion. This input signal could be used to control powered exoskeleton prostheses. Limbs with impaired motor function tend to have increased disuse that may result in further muscle weakness. Therapy and other physical activities that increase the use of an impaired limb may contribute to some recovery of motor function. A device that helps to perform activities of daily living may increase usage and enhance recovery. The objective of this project is to make developments toward an EMG controlled assistive rehabilitation system that monitors EMG signals of the bicep and triceps muscles, and drives a motor to assist with arm motion. A motor is used to develop torque that would assist rotations of the arm about the elbow. A pair of EMG sensors (one pair near the biceps and the other near the triceps muscle) transmits electrical activity of the arm to a microcontroller (Raspberry Pi, Raspberry Pi Foundation, United Kingdom). For the prototype, the EMG signal is sampled and rectified within a moving time window to determine the root mean squared (VRMS) value. This value is used by the microcontroller to generate a pulse-width modulated (PWM) signal that controls the motor. Sensors for the motor provide information to an algorithm on the microcontroller. The generated PWM signal is based on the Vrms values for the EMG signal. Testing and analysis has shown a correlation between the EMG Vrms amplitude and muscle generated torque. The EMG controlled assistive rehabilitation system shows promise for assisting motor function for rotations about the elbow. Further algorithmic development is needed to determine the appropriate amount of assistance from the motor for the motor function indicated by user intent.
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Buchanan, Thomas S., Jian-Yu Cheng, Xiaofeng Shen, and Kurt Manal. "An EMG-Driven Musculoskeletal Model for Estimation of Human Joint Moments During Isometric Time-Varying Loads." In ASME 1998 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1998-0176.

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Abstract The purpose of this work was to develop a robust EMG-driven elbow model to estimate muscle forces and joint torques of different people performing different time-varying loads at the elbow. The model consisted of an anatomical model, an EMG-to-activation model, a Hill-type muscle model, and a nonlinear optimizer. All of the major muscles about the elbow were taken into account. The parameters used by the muscle model were optimal fiber length, maximum contraction velocity, pennation angle, tendon slack length, and maximum muscle force. EMG and joint angle were input variables. Moment arm and muscle length varied as a function of joint angle, as defined in the anatomical model. The model was used to examine the importance of accounting for muscle velocity during rapid loads applied at fixed joint angles.
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Qiu, Yingxin, Keerthana Murali, Jun Ueda, Atsushi Okabe, and Dalong Gao. "Variability in Muscle Recruitment Strategy Between Operators During Assisted Assembly Tasks." In ASME 2018 Dynamic Systems and Control Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/dscc2018-9222.

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This paper reports the variability in muscle recruitment strategies among individuals who operate a non-powered lifting device for general assembly (GA) tasks. Support vector machine (SVM) was applied to the classification of motion states of operators using electromyography (EMG) signals collected from a total of 15 upper limb, lower limb, shoulder, and torso muscles. By comparing the classification performance and muscle activity features, variability in muscle recruitment strategy was observed from lower limb and torso muscles, while the recruitment strategies of upper limb and shoulder muscles were relatively consistent across subjects. Principal component analysis (PCA) was applied to identify key muscles that are highly correlated with body movements. Selected muscles at the wrist joint, ankle joint and scapula are considered to have greater significance in characterizing the muscle recruitment strategies than other investigated muscles. PCA loading factors also indicate the existence of body motion redundancy during typical pick-and-place tasks.
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Bassett, Daniel N., Thomas S. Buchanan, and Giuliano Cerulli. "A Clinical Approach to Multi-Joint EMG-Driven Modelling." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192964.

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Most muscles span more than one joint. This can lead to problematic questions when making biomechanical models. How many joints need to be included in an accurate model? Do all joints that each muscle crosses need to be taken into account? If so, how many joints away from the joint of interest must be included, since they are all interconnected?
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Gudavalli, Maruti R., Jerrilyn A. Backman, Steven J. Kirstukas, Anant V. Kadiyala, Avinash G. Patwardhan, and Alexander J. Ghanayem. "Electromyographic Activity of Trunk Muscles During Flexion-Distraction Treatment of Low Back Patients." In ASME 1999 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece1999-0473.

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Abstract The objective of this study was to determine the electromyographic (EMG) activity of the superficial muscles during the treatment of low back patients during a conservative procedure known as the Cox flexion-distraction procedure. A total of 33 low back pain patients were recruited for this study from chiropractic and allopathic orthopedic clinics. EMG signals were collected while the patient was in a prone relaxed position, during the treatment using the flexion-distraction procedure, and during maximum voluntary exertions in the three planes (flexion, extension, left and right lateral bending, and left and right twisting). The mean values of the Root Mean Square (RMS) values of EMG ratios during treatment versus resting indicate that the muscles are active during the treatment. This activity is more than the activity at rest. However the mean values of the RMS EMG ratios (during treatment versus maximum voluntary contraction) are small indicating that the muscle activity during treatment may not influence the treatment loads. The left and right muscles in all muscle groups were similarly active. During the treatment, erector spinae muscles were the most active, followed by the external oblique, and the rectus abdominus muscles. The results from this study provide quantitative data for the muscle activity during the flexion-distraction treatment. This information can be incorporated into computer models to estimate the loads generated during the flexion-distraction treatment due to the muscle activity compared to the loads generated by the chiropractic physician.
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Nagel, Vincent, Sarah Chu, Jack Forney, Lyle Kosinski, and Vimal Viswanathan. "Design and Control of an Assistive Bionic Joint for Leg Muscle Rehabilitation." In ASME 2017 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2017-71143.

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This project aims to create an electronically powered and controlled knee brace to aid stroke victims with partial paralysis with their leg muscle rehabilitation process. The newly designed assistive bionic joint takes the functionality of the existing assistive knee braces to the next level by incorporating a control algorithm that uses sensor signals gathered from the patient’s leg muscles. Electromyography (EMG) is used for gathering impulse signals from electrodes placed on key muscles as inputs for the device. The action of each major leg muscle is replicated using a set of fluidic muscles that mimic the functionality of the actual leg muscles. A microcontroller is used to interpret sensor data and adjust the contraction length of the muscles, thereby providing the wearer with augmented strength and mobility. Initial testing of a proof-of-concept prototype has led to finite control over muscle contraction length based on sensor data and has a response time of 280ms from full extension to contraction. Further testing of the brace assembly, fluidic muscles and control system is conducted and the results indicate a 600ms response time due to a step input. This personalized, powered brace has many implications for the enrichment of muscle rehabilitation such as higher patient morale, more muscle activity, and shortened recovery times.
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Slack, Paul S., and Xianghong Ma. "Determination of Muscle Fatigue Using Dynamically Embedded Signals." In ASME 2007 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2007-34287.

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There is concern associated with the duration that a microsurgeon operates. Muscle fatigue can present itself over time and adversely affect the surgeon’s ability to perform appropriately during lengthy procedures. This paper explores a new method of analyzing muscle fatigue within the muscles predominantly used during micro-surgery. The captured Electro-MyoGraphic (EMG) data retrieved from these muscles are analyzed for any defining patterns relating to muscle fatigue. The analysis consists of dynamically embedding the EMG signals from a single muscle channel into an embedded matrix. The muscle fatigue is determined by defining its entropy characterized by the singular values of the Dynamical Embedded (DE) matrix. The paper compares this new method with the traditional method of using mean frequency shifts in EMG signal’s power spectral density. Linear regressions are fitted to the results from both methods, and the coefficient of variation of both their slope and point of intercept are determined. It is shown that the complexity method is more robust in that the coefficient of variation for the DE method has lower variability than the conventional method of mean frequency analysis.
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Reports on the topic "Emu muscle"

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Glorius, S. T., A. Meijboom, T. Gienapp, T. Janssen, and A. Wehrmann. Initiating the formation of an intertidal mussel bed : A trial in the Ems-Dollard estuary. Den Helder: Wageningen Marine Research, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18174/557325.

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Volunteer Kinematics and Reaction in Lateral Emergency Maneuver Tests. SAE International, November 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/2013-22-0013.

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It is important to understand human kinematics and muscle activation patterns in emergency maneuvers for the design of safety systems and for the further development of human models. The objective of this study was to quantify kinematic behavior and muscle activation in simulated steering tests in several realistic conditions. In total 108 tests were performed with 10 volunteers undergoing purely lateral maneuvers at 5 m/s2 deceleration or simulated lane change maneuvers at 5 m/s2 peak acceleration and peak yaw velocity of 25 °/s. Test subjects were seated on a rigid seat and restrained by a 4-point belt with retractor. Driver subjects were instructed to be relaxed or braced and to hold the steering wheel while passenger subjects were instructed to put their hands on their thighs. Subjects were instrumented with photo markers that were tracked with 3D high-speed stereo cameras and with electromyography (EMG) electrodes on 8 muscles. Corridors of head displacement, pitch and roll and displacement of T1, shoulder, elbow, hand and knee were created representing mean response and standard deviation of all subjects. In lane change tests for the passenger configuration significant differences were observed in mean peak of head left lateral displacement between the relaxed and the braced volunteers, i.e. 171 mm (σ=58, n=21) versus 121 mm (σ=46, n=17), respectively. Sitting in a relaxed position led to significantly lower muscle activity of the neck muscles. It was concluded that significantly more upper body motion and lower muscle activity was observed for relaxed subjects than for braced subjects.
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