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1
Donaire, José, Núria Galí, and Raquel Camprubi. "Empty Summer: International Tourist Behavior in Spain during COVID-19." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 4356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084356.
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COVID-19 has led to the biggest tourism crisis in modern Spanish history. Although its borders were opened in June 2020, incoming international tourism to Spain was very low. Tourist behavior, however, has been very diverse between types of tourism. Data from credit card transactions showing tourist behavior in 33 destinations representative of various types of tourism were analyzed. Results show that differences in tourist behavior between destinations can be explained by risk perception and the proximity of the destination to home, which favors natural areas and charming coastal cities. This study contributes to the academic literature by studying the effective behavior of international tourists in the time of COVID-19.
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Pulido Fernández, Manuel, Ilan Stavi, and Jesús Barrena González. "Is land abandonment remarkable in the so-called Empty Spain?" Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 63 (July 29, 2022): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-5370.2022.67759.
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Desde el inicio del siglo XXI, la población rural de muchos municipios de España ha disminuido considerablemente. Este fenómeno demográfico, conocido como la España vaciada, se considera ampliamente como un motor de abandono de tierras. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue, por tanto, analizar espacialmente este fenómeno, comparando los datos actuales sobre variables como la población total, el uso/cubierta del suelo, el número de animales de ganadería y el número de incendios forestales con los datos obtenidos hace dos décadas, para comprobar si el abandono de tierras (el cese de las actividades agrícolas en un determinado terreno) es notable (fácilmente detectable en un mapa a escala nacional) en estos territorios. El fenómeno de la España vaciada afecta a 5.084 de los 8.043 municipios nacionales, que abarcan 320.000 km2, es decir, más del 60% del territorio español. En las zonas despobladas, más de 37.000 km2 de tierras agroforestales tradicionales han sufrido una transformación del uso del suelo. De estas tierras, 24.000 km2 se han convertido en pastizales, brezales o bosques, 8.500 km2 se han convertido en tierras agrícolas intensivas (incluyendo viñedos, olivares y otras plantaciones de árboles frutales) y otros 3.000 km2 se han convertido en pastos intensivos (intensificación de la ganadería). En general, los datos muestran que el abandono de los sistemas agrícolas tradicionales extensivos y, al mismo tiempo, la expansión de los usos agrícolas intensivos de la tierra son dos procesos coexistentes que han tenido lugar en toda la España vaciada. En términos ecológicos, estas tendencias de cambio de uso del suelo pueden provocar una simplificación del paisaje, con los consiguientes riesgos de degradación del suelo y deterioro medioambiental.
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Llorent-Bedmar, Vicente, Verónica C. Cobano-Delgado Palma, and María Navarro-Granados. "The rural exodus of young people from empty Spain. Socio-educational aspects." Journal of Rural Studies 82 (February 2021): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.014.
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García-Cardona, Juan. "El migrante como sujeto literario en dos novelas enmarcadas en la España vacía: "La forastera" (2020) y "Un hípster en la España vacía" (2020)." Philologica Canariensia, no. 30 (2024) (June 22, 2024): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20420/phil.can.2024.672.
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The soaring of a new literary generation situating pieces of works in the so-called empty Spain has given rise to a wide range of themes, among which migratory movements stand out. The novels La forastera (2020) by Olga Merino and Un hípster en la España vacía (2020) by Daniel Gascón, whose diegesis includes immigrant characters conceived in different ways, are the objects of this study. This article delves into the construction of the abovementioned characters through the theory on the rural migratory phenomenon and the literature on immigration in Spain. Moreover, it reflects on the use of the stereotype, which in the work of Merino is strengthened and in the work of Gascón is subverted.
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Cabra-Rivas, Isabel, and Pilar Castro-Díez. "Potential Germination Success of Exotic and Native Trees Coexisting in Central Spain Riparian Forests." International Journal of Ecology 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7614683.
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We compared potential germination success (i.e., percentage of produced seeds that germinate under optimal conditions), the percentage of empty and insect-damaged seeds, germinability (Gmax), and time to germination (Tgerm) between the exoticsAilanthus altissima,Robinia pseudoacacia,andUlmus pumilaand two coexisting native trees (Fraxinus angustifoliaandUlmus minor) in the riparian forests of Central Spain. Additionally, we tested the effect of seed age, seed bank type (canopy or soil) and population onGmaxandTgermofA. altissimaandR. pseudoacacia, which are seed-banking species. Species ranked by their potential germination success wereA. altissima>U. pumila>R. pseudoacacia>U. minor>F. angustifolia. The combination of a highGmaxand negligible seed insect-damage providedA. altissimawith a potential germination advantage over the natives, which were the least successful due to an extremely high percentage of empty seeds or a very lowGmax.R. pseudoacaciashowed high vulnerability to insect seed predation which might be compensated with the maintenance of persistent seed banks with highGmax.GmaxandTgermwere strongly affected by seed age in the seed-banking invaders, but between-seed bank variation ofGmaxandTgermdid not show a consistent pattern across species and populations.
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Martinez-Puche, Antonio, Salvador Martínez Puche, Francisco Javier García Delgado, and Xavier Amat Montesinos. "The representation of the rural exodus in Spanish cinema (1900-2020): evolution, causes and territorial consequences." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 77 (January 26, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo.19337.
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Rural depopulation has been a constant feature of contemporary Spanish history and has been amply studied from the perspective of geography. Recently, however, there has been considerable media attention given to the consequences of internal migration. Behind the alarming demographic statistics lies a nexus of processes which have been reflected in the cinema since its beginning. This paper explores these processes at work in the rural sending environment and receiving urban destination through an analysis of six representative Spanish films. The fictional representation through film of a complex reality provides insights into the internal and contextual keys to understanding the phenomenon of ‘empty Spain’ or ‘hollowed-out Spain’. The films illustrate the persistence of two conflicting ideas (the rural and urban), divergence about what constitutes development and the quality of life, and the processes leading to ‘demotanasia’.
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Adamiak, Czesław, Barbara Szyda, Anna Dubownik, and David García-Álvarez. "Airbnb Offer in Spain—Spatial Analysis of the Pattern and Determinants of Its Distribution." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 3 (March 22, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8030155.
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The rising number of homes and apartments rented out through Airbnb and similar peer-to-peer accommodation platforms cause concerns about the impact of such activity on the tourism sector and property market. To date, spatial analysis on peer-to-peer rental activity has been usually limited in scope to individual large cities. In this study, we take into account the whole territory of Spain, with special attention given to cities and regions with high tourist activity. We use a dataset of about 250 thousand Airbnb listings in Spain obtained from the Airbnb webpage, aggregate the numbers of these offers in 8124 municipalities and 79 tourist areas/sites, measure their concentration, spatial autocorrelation, and develop regression models to find the determinants of Airbnb rentals’ distribution. We conclude that apart from largest cities, Airbnb is active in holiday destinations of Spain, where it often serves as an intermediary for the rental of second or investment homes and apartments. The location of Airbnb listings is mostly determined by the supply of empty or secondary dwellings, distribution of traditional tourism accommodation, coastal location, and the level of internationalization of tourism demand.
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Olaso, Ignacio, José L. Gutiérrez, Begoña Villamor, Pablo Carrera, Luis Valdés, and Pablo Abaunza. "Seasonal changes in the north-eastern Atlantic mackerel diet (Scomber scombrus) in the north of Spain (ICES Division VIIIc)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 2 (March 31, 2005): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405011343h.
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Seasonal changes in the diet of the Atlantic mackerel from the north-east Atlantic in ICES Division VIIIc during the period 1988–1999. The diet of juvenile (21–29 cm) and adult mackerel (30–45 cm) in this area in spring (the spawning season) and autumn varied in composition and size of prey. In spring, the average prey weight was 0·009 g and the number of prey was 180 individuals per stomach, with the average stomach content volume being 1·62 g (0·60% BW [body weight]), and 1·50 g (0·51% BW) when considering the empty stomachs. In autumn, the average prey weight was 0·28 g, the average number of prey per stomach was 17, and the average stomach weight that contained food was three times higher than in spring, and 2·3 times when considering the empty stomachs. In spring, the diet of the juveniles consisted of euphausiids, crustacean larvae and other zooplankton, whereas euphausiids formed 90% of the diet in the adults. In addition, during this period mackerel were cannibalistic, feeding on their own eggs. In autumn, the juveniles ate hyperiids and other, mainly gelatinous zooplankton, whereas for the adults blue whiting were clearly important, since they comprised 90% of the stomach weight.
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Cobano-Delgado, Veronica, and Vicente Llorent-Bedmar. "Women’s Well-Being and Rural Development in Depopulated Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061966.
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The threat of depopulation in the rural areas making up what has become to be known as “empty Spain” is currently an extremely urgent national issue. Women are a fundamental pillar of rural sustainability, but the lack of decent living conditions has led to their mass exodus to the country’s cities. We analysed the factors undermining their health and well-being, thus leading to their dissatisfaction and their subsequent desire to abandon the countryside for a better life. A mixed methodology was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. For data collection, an ad hoc questionnaire was developed before being administered to members of the Rural Development Groups of the Celtiberian Highlands, while some of their number were also interviewed. Rural women experience personal dilemmas that prompt them to migrate. These include choosing between living in the place where they were born, close to their families and neighbours, and a decent productive job, the availability of basic services and a broader range of leisure opportunities, among other aspects. It is essential to acknowledge the socio-economic importance of women’s work, to identify invisible burdens and their risks and to adopt measures that facilitate the reconciliation of work and family life.
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Langreo Navarro, Alicia, and Tomas Garcia Azcarate. "¿Qué actividad en la España Vacía?" Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 19, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2019.01.01.
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<div data-canvas-width="529.0725266666668"><div data-canvas-width="529.0725266666668">This note is a reflection on the empty Spain and some of the differential features of its economic activity. The analysis starts from the observation that the economic engines that assured more or less their stability in the past have failed. It focusses on the different productive systems observed in the rural areas and their capacity to carry over the rural economy as a whole, which constitutes the essential core of this contribution. The gender perspective and the emigration are incorporated into the debate. It ends with 9 proposals for possible future lines of work.</div></div>
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Robertson, Alexander F. "Regeneration in Rural Catalonia." European Journal of Sociology 49, no. 2 (August 2008): 147–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0003975608000064.
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AbstractThe efforts of rural communities around the world to survive in the face of economic and demographic decline dramatise the bio-cultural processes on which human regeneration routinely depends. This paper explores the very conspicuous symbolic aspects of regeneration in a village in Catalonia, Spain, and traces the long term physical and material processes that underlie them. Scrutiny of two different festivals reveals a passionate concern to renegotiate deeply fractured generational relationships. Having exported its fertility to the towns and cities, the community is now working to incorporate newcomers and devise new livelihoods. Public rituals have done much to sustain these efforts at regeneration, but how they may resist the “sterile growth” of Mieres as a village of mostly empty second homes is a provocative new issue.
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OLIVER, JOAN DANIEL, SERGE GOFAS, VICTORIANO URGORRI, GUILLERMO DÍAZ-AGRAS, and JOSÉ TEMPLADO. "Rissoidae gastropods of the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (NW Spain)." Zootaxa 5196, no. 1 (October 18, 2022): 1–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.5196.1.1.
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More than 5000 shells (more than half of them with soft tissues) belonging to the caenogastropod family Rissoidae have been found in samples from several expeditions carried out in the outer continental shelf and slope off Galicia (Northwest Spain) in the depth range 100–2700 m. They belong to 9 genera and 23 species, two of them described as new for science: Alvania candasae sp. nov. and Alvania xelae sp. nov. The most abundant species in the samples were Obtusella macilenta (Monterosato, 1880) and Alvania testae (Aradas & Maggiore, 1844), followed by Alvania cimicoides (Forbes, 1844), Alvania jeffreysi (Waller, 1864) and Gofasia thalassae (Bouchet & Warén, 1993) comb. nov., which is proposed to be assigned to the genus Gofasia instead of Frigidoalvania. Five of the species are typically from upper shelf of which only few empty shells were found (Alvania cancellata, Crisilla semistriata, Manzonia crassa, Onoba semicostata) and their presence in the samples studied was considered accidental. Taxonomic complexity involving the species Alvania electa (Monterosato, 1874), Pseudosetia amydralox Bouchet & Warén, 1993 and Pusillina inconspicua (Alder, 1844) are highlighted.
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Godoy, O., P. Castro-Díez, F. Valladares, and M. Costa-Tenorio. "Different flowering phenology of alien invasive species in Spain: evidence for the use of an empty temporal niche?" Plant Biology 11, no. 6 (November 2009): 803–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1438-8677.2008.00185.x.
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Ning, Siwen, and Lluís Anyó. "Fu Manchu and the characterization of the Chinese as yellow peril in Spain." Brazilian Journal of Development 9, no. 12 (December 12, 2023): 31040–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.34117/bjdv9n12-031.
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This article traces the Chinese characters presented as the anti-Western threat in Spanish culture, namely the Yellow Peril discourse, which has not received adequate attention from the academia. Since the 19th-century, Chinese characterization in Spain has taken place as an especial cultural phenomenon, in which the connotation of “peril” first emerged from a press representation from France and England. After a period of inner circulation of stereotypes, it is revived by the irruption of Anglo-American popular culture, in the form of a well-defined Fu Manchu in the first half of the 20th century. The authors examine two films directed by Jesús Franco: The Blood of Fu Manchu and The Castle of Fu Manchu, co-produced by European production companies and shot partly in Spain. In the whole process, the “peril” associated with Chinese characterization maintains both its “vicarious” and “referential” representation. Thus, Jess Franco’s cinematographic version of Fu Manchu anticipates the postmodern pastiche and turns Fu Manchu into an entire “empty” cultural entity. The article aims theoretically to differentiate “media culture”, which is a fertile terrain of both stereotypes and its extreme form, pastiche, from other types of high culture and popular culture. In the case of Chinese characterization in Spanish culture, media and a culture shaped by media can be considered as the producers of the Chinese peril phenomena.
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Bogusch, Petr, Lucie Hlaváčková, Libor Petr, and Jordi Bosch. "Nest structure, pollen utilization and parasites associated with two west-Mediterranean bees (Hymenoptera, Apiformes, Megachilidae) nesting in empty snail shells." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 76 (April 27, 2020): 113–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.76.49579.
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Around thirty species of European solitary bee species in the family Megachilidae nest in empty gastropod shells. We surveyed this group of bees in semi-natural sites adjacent to almond orchards near Lleida (north-eastern Spain) and collected 35 Hoplitis fertoni and 58 Osmia ferruginea nests in shells of six snail species. We describe the nest structure and report the identity of pollens collected by the two bee species. Both species adjust the number of brood cells to the size of the shell and occasionally build intercalary (empty) cells. H. fertoni uses clay and O. ferruginea chewed plant leaves for building cell partitions and nest plugs. Most nests of both species were built in Sphincterochila candidissima shells. Analysis of the pollen of selected nests confirmed that H. fertoni is oligolectic on Boraginaceae (in our study all pollen was from Lithodora fruticosa) and O. ferruginea is a polylectic species (collecting mostly pollen from Cistaceae, Fabaceae, and Lamiaceae in our study area). Nests of H. fertoni were parasitized by five species, the golden wasp Chrysura hybrida, the cuckoo bee Dioxys moesta, the velvet ants Stenomutilla collaris and Stenomutilla hotentotta, and the bee-fly Anthrax aethiops; nests of O. ferruginea were parasitized by the sapygid wasp Sapyga quinquepunctata and A. aethiops. Except for C. hybrida these are newly recorded host-parasite associations. Our results confirm previous information and bring new findings on the ecology of both species.
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Gurría Gascón, José Luis, and Ana Nieto Masot. "Rururban Partnerships: Urban Accessibility and Its Influence on the Stabilization of the Population in Rural Territories (Extremadura, Spain)." Land 9, no. 8 (July 30, 2020): 254. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land9080254.
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The process of population concentration in cities is a worldwide phenomenon—not yet finished—which has led to a widespread rural exodus and abandonment of rural areas. In Spain it occurred very abruptly from 1960, leaving numerous population centers abandoned in the northern half of the country. It is the so-called “empty Spain”. This problem has recently transcended from the local to the European level and has become part of all political agendas such as “the fight against the demographic challenge”, which the European Commission will finance in the next programming period 2021–2027. However, retaining the population in rural areas is a very complex problem that is difficult to solve. The aim of this article is to show that a polycentric system of towns, well distributed throughout the territory—as happens in Extremadura—has sufficient capacity to stabilize the population in the rural environment and is a viable and global alternative to the demographic challenge through the rururban partnerships and the integrated territorial investments. This article studies, as an empirical reality and demonstration effect, the autonomous community of Extremadura, an inland region bordering Portugal, in the southwest of the Iberian Peninsula, which has no abandoned nucleus and still maintains 50% of its population in rural areas, compared to a national average of less than 20%.
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Fenoll, Vicente. "Political communication on Facebook and populism. The 2019 European Parliament election in Spain." Communication & Society 35, no. 3 (June 7, 2022): 91–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.35.3.91-103.
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Populist actors have more success than other parties on social media –particularly Facebook– where their posts receive higher levels of engagement. The entry of populist parties onto the Spanish political stage can spread the use of their rhetoric and influence citizens’ political decisions, affecting the configuration of supranational institutions such as the European Union. The aim of this study is to use a quantitative content analysis to verify the presence of populist discourse in the 844 messages published on Facebook by Spanish parties during the 2019 European Parliament election campaign and to analyse their impact on user interaction. The results show that the newest and most extremist parties monopolise the messages with empty, anti-elite populism. However, the use of exclusionary populist discourse is also detected in more moderate conservative parties. Populist parties, especially VOX, lead user interactions, irrespective of whether the populist style appears in the messages. The results of the research show that the populist style is inexorably consolidating in Europe as an electoral communications strategy on Facebook. As with other European countries, extremist and opposition parties also adopt the populist style as a communications strategy. The results suggest that the success of populist actors on social media may be conditioned by the populist attitudes of their followers and less by the characteristics of these parties’ publications.
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Fadda, M., V. Popescu, M. Murroni, P. Angueira, and J. Morgade. "On the Feasibility of Unlicensed Communications in the TV White Space: Field Measurements in the UHF Band." International Journal of Digital Multimedia Broadcasting 2015 (2015): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/319387.
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In practical unlicensed communications in TV band, radio devices have to identify, at first, the transmission opportunities, that is, the portion of the spectrum licensed for broadcasting services unoccupied in a certain region at certain time, that is, the so-called TV white space. In this paper the outcome of field measurements in the UHF TV band (470–860 MHz) conducted in EU is presented. To obtain empirical values for the parameters upon which unlicensed radio devices are able to distinguish in a real scenario between empty and occupied TV channels, signal power measurements have been performed in Italy, Spain, and Romania on rural, suburban, and urban sites, at different heights over the ground by using different analysis bandwidths. The aim of this work is to provide a set of practical parameters upon which harmless unlicensed communication in the UHF TV white space is feasible. The results have been analyzed with respect to the hidden node margin problem, spectrum sensing bandwidth, and occupancy threshold.
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Rivero Jiménez, Borja, David Conde-Caballero, and Lorenzo Mariano Juárez. "Loneliness Among the Elderly in Rural Contexts: A Mixed-Method Study Protocol." International Journal of Qualitative Methods 20 (January 1, 2021): 160940692199686. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1609406921996861.
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Loneliness among the elderly has become a pressing issue in Western societies. In the Spanish context, the problem of the so-called “empty” Spain disproportionately affects this population group—elderly individuals living in rural areas with low population density, and therefore at higher risk of social exclusion and isolation. We introduce here a mixed-method, quantitative-qualitative research protocol, triangulated with technological tools, designed to improve both data acquisition and subsequent data analysis and interpretation. This study will take place in a rural locality in the Extremadura region (Spain), chosen according to a particular socio-demographic profile. The De Jong Gierveld Loneliness Scale will be used on a cohort of 80 people over 65 years old. Within this cohort, a smaller sample of 20–30 individuals will be selected for semi-structured interviews about their beliefs and experiences of loneliness. Finally, data gathered from technological tools (smartbands, Bluetooth sensors) will allow us to monitor social interactions and to map daily loneliness/interaction patterns. Data will be triangulated by analyzing and comparing the empirical material gathered through these different methods and tools. Strict adherence to ethical standards for data protection and handling will be essential through data collection and analysis. As well as providing insights into the phenomenon of loneliness in old age, the use of different methods and tools for data collection will provide the basis for an epistemological reflection on the scope and limits of each one of these methods.
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Del Pilar Alcolea Pina, Maria, and Zbigniew Formella. "Effective Teacher and Effective Teaching Practices: Literature Perspective and Learning Experience—A Qualitative Study between Italy and Spain (Part I)." Forum Pedagogiczne 13, no. 2 (December 25, 2023): 317–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.21697/fp.2023.2.23.
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Many and diverse are authors underlining the importance and need to include the student’s voice in the study of teaching effectiveness. This would require appropriate methods and techniques for the study object. Low visibility of student perspective about effective teachers and their teaching practices is an empty space that specialized literature has increasingly highlighted. This is not trivial, given that teachers and their practices are the external factors that exert most influence on student learning, the most critical aspect of high-quality teachers is the perception of their teaching by the students. A dissected and detailed approach to this study field, requires a holistic paradigm that makes humanistic perspective relevant. This outlook is susceptible to conceive the student as a person, considering strengths and limitations, as well as both professional and personal qualities. Likewise, the study methodology and instruments must be in consonance with such paradigm and its point of view. Current research on teacher effectiveness impact would be reinforced by exposing the student learning experience.
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Navas-Cortés, J. A., A. Trapero-Casas, and R. M. Jiménez-Díaz. "Phenology of Didymella rabiei Development on Chickpea Debris Under Field Conditions in Spain." Phytopathology® 88, no. 9 (September 1998): 983–91. http://dx.doi.org/10.1094/phyto.1998.88.9.983.
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The development of Didymella rabiei on debris of naturally infected chickpea was investigated in four chickpea-growing areas with different climatic conditions in Spain during 1987 to 1992. D. rabiei extensively colonized chickpea debris and formed pseudothecia and pycnidia. Differentiation of pseudothecial initials occurred regularly across experimental locations by November, 1 month after placement of debris on the soil. Ascospore maturation occurred mainly from late January to late March, depending on location and year. Maximum ascospore discharge from sampled debris pieces placed under suitable environmental conditions occurred 2 to 4 weeks after ascospore maturation, after which ascospore release decreased sharply. Pseudothecia were exhausted, due to ascospore discharge, by the beginning of summer. New asci did not develop in empty pseudothecia and no pseudothecia formed in tissues after the first season. Ascospore maturation and liberation in cooler locations were more uniform and occurred later compared to maturation in warmer locations. Also, production of asci and ascospores per pseudothecium was much higher in cooler than in warmer locations. A similar relationship was found for density of pseudothecia and pycnidia and conidia production per pycnidium. The percentage of mature pseudothecia increased according to the logistic model, with the cumulative number of Celsius degree days calculated by computing the mean of the maximum and minimum daily air temperatures on rainy days from the date of debris placement on the soil. There were significant differences among model parameter estimates between cooler and warmer locations, but minor differences were found among parameters for locations with similar environmental conditions. There was an inverse linear relationship between the average temperature during the period of pseudothecia maturation and the number of asci produced per pseudothecium.
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Navarro-Valverde, Francisco, Eugenio Cejudo-García, and José Antonio Cañete Pérez. "The Lack of Attention Given by Neoendogenous Rural Development Practice to Areas Highly Affected by Depopulation. The Case of Andalusia (Spain) in 2015–2020 Period." European Countryside 13, no. 2 (June 1, 2021): 352–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/euco-2021-0022.
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Abstract How are the problems of depopulation being faced by the Local Action Groups (LAGs) and the LEADER approach? What kinds of proposals are being pointed out to tackle young people’s exodus, the economic depression, the physical and virtual distances, and the marginality from the political and economic centers by these local public-private partnerships to the areas having the more worrying situations? Andalusia, a southern region of Spain, has many municipalities with these severe devepopulation problems. According to this aim, the Local Development Strategies documents (LDSs) of the LAGs for 2015–2020, have been reviewed. The predominance of the top-down approach has limited the attention given to face the rural depopulation. It is relevant to note, as well, the reduced presence of specific objectives and projects to combat depopulation in these deep rural areas. The last finding is that these municipalities with extreme depopulation have been left aside; as no solution placed. Definitely, as empty areas to promote rural development. Depopulation concept and depopulation areas have been forgotten for neoendogenous rural development practices.
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Backiel, Linda. "Puerto Rico: The Crisis Is About Colonialism, Not Debt." Monthly Review 67, no. 5 (October 2, 2015): 11. http://dx.doi.org/10.14452/mr-067-05-2015-09_2.
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Tourists are fascinated by the heavy blue cobblestones that pave the streets of Old San Juan. Why they are there is as good an explanation as any for Puerto Rico's current crisis. In the days of Spanish colonialism, they were ballast to keep the ships crossing the Atlantic from tossing about and blowing over. The ships came empty, and left for Spain full of gold, silver, and other riches stolen from the indigenous Taínos. The ballast left behind was used to pave the streets.… Puerto Rico has been sacked by colonial powers for half a millennium. Is it any wonder it is in dire straits? Today, it is $73 billion in debt.<p class="mrlink"><p class="mrpurchaselink"><a href="http://monthlyreview.org/index/volume-67-number-5" title="Vol. 67, No. 5: October 2015" target="_self">Click here to purchase a PDF version of this article at the <em>Monthly Review</em> website.</a></p>
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Alietii, E., M. F. Brigatti, S. Capedri, and L. Poppi. "The roedderite-chayesite series from Spanish lamproites: crystal-chemical characterization." Mineralogical Magazine 58, no. 393 (December 1994): 655–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1180/minmag.1994.058.393.16.
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AbstractMembers of the roedderite-chayesite series in lamproites from Cancarix (SE Spain), crystallized from late magmatic residua under low PH2O, high temperature (∼ 1100°C), oxidizing conditions. They exhibit the following main chemical variations: 0.14 ⩽ Na ⩽ 0.62 atoms per formula unit (apfu); 0.80 ⩽ K⩽ 1.00 apfu; 2.97 ⩽ Mg ⩽ 4.33 apfu; 0.00 ⩽ Fe2+ ⩽ 1.19 apfu; 0.42 ⩽ Fe3+ ⩽ 0.87 apfu; they are hexagonal (10.120 ⩽ a ⩽ 10.135 Å, 14.305 ⩽ c ⩽ 14.326 Å), P6/mcc. The characteristic chemical substitution is: Fe3+ + □ ⇌ Fe2+ + (K+Na)+. Six crystal structures have been refined to 0.020 ⩽ Robs ⩽ 0.026. They have the osumilite/milarite-type structure, with Si entering the double tetrahedral T1 six-membered rings, and Mg and Fe entering both the ring-linking T2 tetrahedra, and the A octahedra. The 12-coordinated C site, located between two double rings of T1 tetrahedra, is occupied mainly by K and subordinately by Na. Furthermore, Na occupies the partially empty nine-fold coordinated B site which occurs both in the ideal (z = 0) and in a split-atom position along the c direction.
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Lamonova, Oksana. "Works by Andrii Levytskyi for the “Homage à trois” Project (Barcelona, Spain)." Folk art and ethnology, no. 1 (March 30, 2024): 50–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.15407/nte2024.01.050.
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Andrii Levytskyi is a well-known Kyivan graphic artist, a recognized master of gravure printing (intaglio). The artist has been participating regularly in the “Homage à trois” (Tribute to Three) project, which takes place in Barcelona (Spain) on the initiative of the Duana de les Arts – AIDA International Association – since 2021. Only masters of graphic art can participate in the project. It should commemorate three literary figures on the occasion of their birthday anniversaries, and the artists should choose at least two of the three proposed personalities. Intaglio 2021, satisfying the conditions of the project, at the same time continues seamlessly the themes and motifs peculiar to Andrii Levytskyi’s heritage in general. Poem about a Henna Tree (Jean Lafontaine) is somewhat unexpected and paradoxical, but naturally connected with the artist’s favourite images of trees. In the Player the themes of confrontation, game, rivalry are developed. They are arisen, in particular, in the intaglio Motus Animi Continuus (2021). Three works of 2022, made in the computer design technique, are distinguished by a bright and at the same time elegant color solution. The artist is inspired by themes of the theater and, widely, carnival culture (Molière’s Mask), Japanese art (IchiyōHiguchi’s Stream). The work for the anniversary of the legendary German romantic Novalis (Ask Baron: Is Religion the Opium of the Peoples) is especially unexpected. In 2023, Andrii Levytskyi has returned to the intaglio technique again and at the same time abandoned color. The works dedicated to Federico García Lorca (At Five O’clock in the Afternoon) and Wisława Szymborska, winner of the Nobel Prize (Cat in an Empty Apartment), are the artist’s reflections on the theme of death, while the work Dream. My Ántonia (based on the novel by Willa Cather) softens their tragical essence. The Ukrainian artist’s works dedicated to Molière, Novalis and Willa Cather have been nominated and awarded by the organizers of “Homage à trois”. Taking part in the international artistic projects, and even more so winning in them, Ukrainian artists contribute actively to the creation of a positive image of the state. After all, the culture of Ukraine consists not only of the historical heritage, but also of the works of modern masters.
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García-Arias, Miguel Angel, Alfredo Tolón-Becerra, Xavier Lastra-Bravo, and Úrsula Torres-Parejo. "The out-migration of young people from a region of the “Empty Spain”: Between a constant slump cycle and a pending innovation spiral." Journal of Rural Studies 87 (October 2021): 314–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.09.008.
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Santos, M. B., R. Fernández, A. López, J. A. Martínez, and G. J. Pierce. "Variability in the diet of bottlenose dolphin, Tursiops truncatus, in Galician waters, north-western Spain, 1990–2005." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 87, no. 1 (February 2007): 231–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315407055233.
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We describe the diet of bottlenose dolphins Tursiops truncatus in Galician waters, north-western Spain, based on 82 non-empty stomachs recovered and analysed from stranded animals between 1990 and 2005, quantifying interannual and seasonal variation in the diet, as well as dietary variation related to sex and size. The most important prey species (in terms of numerical importance and biomass) were blue whiting (Micromesistius poutassou) and hake (Merluccius merluccius), both of high commercial importance in Galician waters. Most blue whiting eaten by dolphins were mature fish but the estimated total consumption was relatively low (around 10%) compared to Spanish fishery landings of this species. In contrast, most hake eaten by dolphins were probably immature but the estimated total consumption is more than 20% of current annual fishery landings. The diet of by-caught animals, which made up around one third of the sample, was very similar to that in the overall sample. Although bottlenose dolphins are often seen close inshore, evidence from the diet suggests that they feed at the shelf edge. Evidence was found of ontogenetic dietary shifts and differences between diets of male and female dolphins. There were also clear changes in average diet over the 16-year study period, although there was no evidence that they were in response to changes in fish abundance. The amount of hake in the diet remained stable against a background of falling local abundance while the amount of blue whiting declined despite an increase in spawning stock size.
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Smith, Robin J., and David J. Horne. "The first British record of <i>Paralimnocythere psammophila</i> (Flössner, 1965) (Ostracoda, Cytheroidea, Limnocytheridae)." Journal of Micropalaeontology 23, no. 2 (November 1, 2004): 133–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1144/jm.23.2.133.
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Abstract. Ostracods were collected from a small temporary pool on the island of Barra, Outer Hebrides, (Scotland). Eight adult males and eight adult females of Paralimnocythere psammophila (Flössner, 1965) (Pl. 1; Fig. 1) were found; no juveniles or empty valves/carapaces were recovered. This species has records from Germany, France, Spain and the Ukraine (see refs in Meisch, 2000), but was previously unknown in the British fauna.The sample was collected on 10 July, 2002 from a small (area <1 m2), freshwater pool on a grassy hillside overlooking Barra Airport, N57° 01′ 06.1″ W007° 26′ 25.8″, depth 5–10 cm with a muddy bottom, pH 5, temperature 20° C; water beetles, bivalves and the ostracod Eucypris virens (Jurine, 1820) were also present. Mud cracks in the bottom of the pool indicated that it had recently been dry, providing further confirmation that limnocytherid ostracods have drought resistant stages (Martens, 1996; Eagar, 2000).This is the first published record of the species from the British Isles although it is suspected that Henderson’s (1990) record of Paralimnocythere relicta (Lilljeborg, 1863) from Hatchet Pond in Hampshire, may in fact be a misidentification of P. psammophila; however, this additional record requires confirmation. Martens (1992), in his review of the genus Paralimnocythere, illustrates slightly larger female specimens of P. psammophila compared with the material from the present study.
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Calvo, F., and C. Giralt. "“It is safer to sell marihuana than heroin or cocaine and you make more money” qualitative study about drug traffic and consumption in Girona (eastern sector)." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S677. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1167.
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IntroductionFont de la Pólvora is a neighbourhood located on Catalonia, which has been one of the most important points of sale of heroin and cocaine in the country. The sale of drugs was also affected by the economic crisis, changing the behaviour pattern of patients with drug dependence.ObjectiveTo describe the changes in drug trafficking in this region and how these influence their consumption.MethodsThe investigation is carried out by the harm reduction outreach team, who selected, with a non-probabilistic method, a sample of 6 drug users. An in-depth semi-structured interview was conducted.ResultsFrom 2006 to 2012, there existed up to 19 points of drug sale of heroin and cocaine. There are currently 2. The reasons behind the decrease are:–the demand for cocaine decreases;–the sporadic consumption of heroin decreases;–with the decrease in demand, drugs lose quality.With the housing bubble in Spain and the rise in foreclosures on behalf of banks, empty flats proliferated in the area, which were eventually occupied illegally. This fact prompts the production of cannabis.ConclusionMany of the strictly punitive actions in the control of narcotics lead to the dealers coming up with new ideas and new patterns of consumption which complicate the intervention of the teams working in the territory.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Villalba Montaner, C. "THE STUDY OF DEPOPULATED HISTORICAL ENSEMBLES IN THE PROVINCE OF TERUEL: A TOOL TO MAP, PROTECT AND CONSERVE THEIR VERNACULAR HERITAGE AND IDENTITY." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLIV-M-1-2020 (July 24, 2020): 797–802. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xliv-m-1-2020-797-2020.
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Abstract. There are 23 rural historical ensembles listed as BIC in the province of Teruel, one of the most depopulated areas in Spain. On the one hand, the lack of economic and demographic pressure in this region has made it possible to preserve many of the typological features of their vernacular architecture. On the other hand, the loss of permanent inhabitants and skilled craftsmanship practitioners has led to a worrying lack of maintenance and abandonment, which threatens their future conservation. The Cultural Heritage Department (Gobierno de Aragón) has been promoting several studies aimed at the protection of 6 different listed case-studies (Albalate del Arzobispo, Calaceite, Rubielos de Mora, Mirambel, Beceite and Teruel). Despite being very small, municipalities are the only competent bodies for the elaboration of the Special Protection master plans of each HE, according to Urban Planning and Cultural Heritage legislation. Hence, the primary purpose of these studies is to support them by analysing their heritage significance and singularities so they can use them as the base for master plans. They will also help raise awareness of their cultural values among local communities, while avoiding the mere conservation of empty urban and rural landscapes. The methodology comprises the identification, analysis and diagnosis of the heritage values that build their identity, thanks to a thorough inventory of all the vernacular constructive techniques, components and zones with a distinguishable character within the urban tissue and its environment.
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GUERRA-GARCÍA, JOSÉ MANUEL, TRIANA REVANALES, PABLO SAENZ-ARIAS, CARLOS NAVARRO-BARRANCO, SOFÍA RUIZ-VELASCO, MARÍA PASTOR-MONTERO, JUAN SEMPERE-VALVERDE, et al. "Quick spreading of the exotic amphipod Laticorophium baconi (Shoemaker, 1934): another small stowaway overlooked?" Mediterranean Marine Science 24, no. 3 (December 12, 2023): 644–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.12681/mms.35817.
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Studies of non-indigenous species (NIS) often tend to focus on medium and large-sized taxa with potential for remarkable ecological and/or economic impact, whereas the early detection of small invertebrates is often delayed due to taxonomic challenge, lack of consistent, standardised monitoring efforts and limited funding. This study represents the first records of the marine amphipod Laticorophium baconi (Shoemaker, 1934) in Morocco, Tunisia, Corsica (France), Italy, Greece, Egypt, Saudi Arabia and New Caledonia (France). Furthermore, it reports an expansion of its known distribution in Portugal (earliest and northernmost record for the country and first record for Macaronesia), Spain (earliest record for Atlantic and Mediterranean European waters), and Australia (first record for Indian Ocean). Recreational boating and commercial shipping, mainly through hull fouling and secondarily ballast waters, are proposed as vectors for introduction and secondary spread of L. baconi. The following traits, analysed during the present study, could contribute to its invasive potential: (i) quick and extensive spread of the species worldwide, (ii) high densities in marinas, harbours, hull fouling and other artificial habitats, including aquaculture facilities and floating debris, (iii) high ability for short-term colonisation of empty artificial niches, (iv) diet based on detritus suggesting an opportunistic feeding behaviour, and (v) population survival during seasonal fluctuations in different regions. Taxonomic expertise and scientific collaboration, based on multidisciplinary networks of experts, are crucial for the early detection, distribution updates, and risk assessment of small and overlooked stowaways in marine environments.
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Garcia-Lacarte, Marcos, Maria L. Mansego, M. Angeles Zulet, J. Alfredo Martinez, and Fermin I. Milagro. "miR-1185-1 and miR-548q Are Biomarkers of Response to Weight Loss and Regulate the Expression of GSK3B." Cells 8, no. 12 (November 30, 2019): 1548. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/cells8121548.
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The aim of the present investigation was to identify putative miRNAs involved in the response to weight loss. Reverse-transcribed RNA isolated from white blood cells (WBCs) of a subpopulation from the Reduction of the Metabolic Syndrome in Navarra-Spain (RESMENA-S) study (low-responders (LR) and high-responders (HR)) was hybridized in a gene expression microarray. Moreover, miRNAs were sequenced by miRNA-Seq. It was found that miR-548q and miR-1185-1 were overexpressed in HR, both in the microarray and in the miRNA-Seq. A bioinformatic prediction of putative target genes of the selected miRNAs found that GSK3B, a putative target for miR-548q and miR-1185-1, was downregulated in HR. Particular 3′-UTR binding regions of GSK3B were cloned downstream of the firefly luciferase gene. HEK-293T cells were co-transfected with either 0.25 μg of empty pmiR-GLO or pmiR-GLO-548q-3′-UTR/pmiR-GLO-1185-1-3′-UTR, and 7.5 pmol of miR-548q/miR-1185-1 mimics, demonstrating that miR-1185-1 bound to the 3′-UTR region of GSK3B. THP-1 cells were transfected with either 20/40 nM of miR-548q/miR-1185-1 mimics, evidencing that miR-1185-1inhibited the expression of the gene when transfected at doses of 20/40 nM, whereas miR-548q inhibited GSK3B expression at a dose of 40 nM. As a conclusion, miR-548q and miR-1185-1 levels in WBCs are biomarkers of response to weight-loss diets and could be involved in the regulation of the proinflammatory gene GSK3B.
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Tur, Josep A., Dora Romaguera, and Antoni Pons. "The Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I): is it a useful tool to evaluate the quality of the Mediterranean diet?" British Journal of Nutrition 93, no. 3 (March 2005): 369–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/bjn20041363.
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The aim of this study was to assess whether the recently developed Diet Quality Index-International (DQI-I) could be used to evaluate diet quality of a Mediterranean population. A cross-sectional nutritional survey was carried out in the Balearic Islands (Spain) between 1999 and 2000. Dietary information (replicated 24 h recall and a food frequency questionnaire), and socio-demographic and lifestyle data were collected from a representative sample of the population (n 1200: 498 males and 702 females) aged 16–65 years (response rate 77·22 %). The DQI-I was developed according to the method defined by Kim et al. (2003), and focused on four major aspects of a high-quality diet (variety, adequacy, moderation and overall balance). The percentage of adherence to the Mediterranean dietary pattern (MDP) was also calculated and correlation analysis was carried out between the DQI-I score and the percentage of adherence to the MDP. The total score of the DQI-I reached 43 % of the possible score, indicating that the Balearic diet was a poor-quality diet. Correlation analysis between the DQI-I scores and adherence to the MDP showed that the DQI-I subcategories protein, iron and calcium adequacy were negatively correlated with the MDP. Furthermore, moderation in empty calorie food consumption and overall balance subcategories were not significantly correlated with the MDP. Due to some methodological factors and cultural biases, the proposed DQI-I scoring system is not useful to evaluate the quality of this Mediterranean-type diet. Further research is needed to develop a new diet quality index adapted to the MDP.
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Schifani, Enrico. "Exotic Ants (Hymenoptera, Formicidae) Invading Mediterranean Europe: a Brief Summary over About 200 Years of Documented Introductions." Sociobiology 66, no. 2 (August 20, 2019): 198. http://dx.doi.org/10.13102/sociobiology.v66i2.4331.
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Exotic ants have emerged as a relevant topic worldwide because of their remarkable impacts on native ecosystems and human activities. A first regional overview is given on the dozens of exotic ant species recorded in Mediterranean Europe since the end of the 19th century. About 39 exotic ant species, belonging to 17 genera and originating from 5 different biogeographical realms, are currently believed to be established in this region. The genera Nylanderia and Tetramorium are those hosting the larger proportion of species, while the Afrotropical realm is the prevalent source of taxa. According to the available data, France, Greece, Italy and Spain all host a high number of exotic species, which has increased at a dramatic rate during the last decades. On the other hand, Mediterranean countries on the Eastern part of the Adriatic Sea appear to be almost empty of exotic ants, perhaps due to both a lesser number of introductions and a lack of targeted investigations. Neighboring countries of the region do not necessarily have more species in common than those geographically distant. Very little is known on the intra-Mediterranean or intra-Palearctic introduction processes which probably occurred prior to the 19th century and on their influence on the current species distribution. The vast majority of the species that are actually established in the region are either restricted to indoor habitats or outdoor anthropogenic habitats, fewer of them were able to colonize semi-natural or natural habitats and very few are recognized as serious pests.
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Gavari-Starkie, Elisa, Patricia-Teresa Espinosa-Gutiérrez, and Cristina Lucini-Baquero. "Sustainability through STEM and STEAM Education Creating Links with the Land for the Improvement of the Rural World." Land 11, no. 10 (October 21, 2022): 1869. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/land11101869.
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Rural environment is suffering from serious problems, as reflected in the term “Empty Spain”. One of these problems is the pronounced depopulation that rural areas suffer in our time, so creating links with the land thanks to education is of great interest for, among other things, establishing population in rural areas. Interdisciplinary education becomes relevant today as the necessary education in our current world capable of providing answers and solutions to the social demands of our time. Interdisciplinary STEM education had the United States of America as its cradle in the 1990s; later it passed to the acronym STEAM when the Arts were later introduced, this is how you find a true interdisciplinary education. Since 2010, government policies have been developed in the USA, highlighting the Educate to Innovate program and in that same country the STEM4SD Education program, which develops education for sustainability by creating links with the local population. Precisely, this article will collect the educational policies that have been carried out in the USA for the development of this type of education. In this article and thanks to the analysis of certain programs, the importance of interdisciplinary STEM and STEAM education in our days will be exposed for the promotion of sustainability directed towards sustainable development, thereby creating more sustainable societies made up of more sustainable citizens, highlighting the importance of education for sustainability through STEM and STEAM education creating links with the land for the improvement of the rural world, which means establishing population, among other aspects.
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Benalya, Mouldi. "The New Coronavirus and World Geopolitical Transformations." Contemporary Arab Affairs 14, no. 1 (March 1, 2021): 18–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/caa.2021.14.1.18.
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This article studies the major transformations resulting from the global Covid-19 pandemic and how to examine it from the point of view of social philosophy through two sub-themes. The first relates to understanding the state of collective panic in Spain, France, and Italy. It is logical that fear of the pandemic should not turn into a state of collective panic in societies living under technologically advanced political systems, except in cases where these societies lack the basic elements on which social ties are based. Therefore, how do we understand the fragility of these social ties in European countries where mass panic is threatening daily life? The second sub-theme is related to the gestures and features of creating a new geopolitical map that has benefitted from the geopolitical retreat of the West to consolidate other political and regional alliances, mainly the Chinese initiative to tender aid to Italy at a time when other European countries turned their backs on and closed their borders with that European Union member state. How do we understand the contribution of the pandemic in forming new geopolitical alliances that could reset the balance of power in the world? We will observe the political behavior of countries that are supposed to be the first to have shown solidarity with Italy, Spain, and France, which are members of the European Union. We analyze the factors related to the erosion of the basis on which classical European society is based, where collective panic represents one of the manifestations of this disintegration. This panic, which was expressed in the rush to buy foodstuffs and the outbreak of a “toilet paper” buying fever that spread throughout Europe and the United States, saw shelves suddenly empty without a direct reason for this fact. Also, the study determines the relationship that binds these factors to the political disintegration expressed in the lack of solidarity from parts of the European Union with the three countries most affected by the pandemic. The second part of the study discusses how China will benefit from these political developments in the West with the prevalence of collective panic due to the pandemic, especially in the case of Italy, and how China is consolidating solidarity relations with these countries, drawing a map of new international political relations as part of its Silk Road project. Also, there is a discussion of the French philosopher Michel Foucault’s study on plague as a theoretical framework.
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Morales, Jesús, Ricardo Vázquez-Martín, Anthony Mandow, David Morilla-Cabello, and Alfonso García-Cerezo. "The UMA-SAR Dataset: Multimodal data collection from a ground vehicle during outdoor disaster response training exercises." International Journal of Robotics Research 40, no. 6-7 (April 6, 2021): 835–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/02783649211004959.
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This article presents a collection of multimodal raw data captured from a manned all-terrain vehicle in the course of two realistic outdoor search and rescue (SAR) exercises for actual emergency responders conducted in Málaga (Spain) in 2018 and 2019: the UMA-SAR dataset. The sensor suite, applicable to unmanned ground vehicles (UGVs), consisted of overlapping visible light (RGB) and thermal infrared (TIR) forward-looking monocular cameras, a Velodyne HDL-32 three-dimensional (3D) lidar, as well as an inertial measurement unit (IMU) and two global positioning system (GPS) receivers as ground truth. Our mission was to collect a wide range of data from the SAR domain, including persons, vehicles, debris, and SAR activity on unstructured terrain. In particular, four data sequences were collected following closed-loop routes during the exercises, with a total path length of 5.2 km and a total time of 77 min. In addition, we provide three more sequences of the empty site for comparison purposes (an extra 4.9 km and 46 min). Furthermore, the data is offered both in human-readable format and as rosbag files, and two specific software tools are provided for extracting and adapting this dataset to the users’ preference. The review of previously published disaster robotics repositories indicates that this dataset can contribute to fill a gap regarding visual and thermal datasets and can serve as a research tool for cross-cutting areas such as multispectral image fusion, machine learning for scene understanding, person and object detection, and localization and mapping in unstructured environments. The full dataset is publicly available at: www.uma.es/robotics-and-mechatronics/sar-datasets .
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Le Féon, Violette, David Genoud, and Benoît Geslin. "Actualisation des connaissances sur l’abeille Megachile sculpturalis SMITH, 1853 en France et en Europe (Hymenoptera : Megachilidae)." Osmia 9 (July 12, 2021): 25–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.47446/osmia9.4.
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Update of knowledge on the bee Megachile sculpturalis SMITH, 1853 in France and Europe (Hymenoptera: Megachilidae). - Megachile sculpturalis is a bee native to eastern Asia that is now also present in North America and Europe. This article follows the first synthesis on the ecology and geographical distribution in Europe of this species published in this same journal in 2018 and updates their knowledge. Megachile sculpturalis has been observed in 13 European countries. Its range now extends from the French Atlantic coast in the west to the Crimean Peninsula in the east. It has also been recorded on two Mediterranean islands, Elba (Italy) and Mallorca (Spain). In France, between 2008 and 2020, it was observed in 259 communes in 46 departments. The most northerly French observation was made in 2020 near Reims in the Marne department. Concerning feeding behaviour, new pollen analyses corroborate the results of previous ones which suggested a polylectic diet with a marked preference for shrubs of Asian origin (especially Sophora japonica and Ligustrum sp.). Regarding nesting behaviour, M. sculpturalis makes extensive use of bee hotels. However, a range of diameters (holes in logs or sections of plant stems) between 4 and 8 mm is suitable for the main native species likely to nest in the hotels, while limiting the establishment of M. sculpturalis. New observations have confirmed the tendency of M. sculpturalis to empty the nests of other species in order to establish its own larval cells. In addition, in Switzerland, a female was observed killing a bee of the genus Heriades. Such events, if frequent, could have negative impacts on native bees, but data are currently insufficient to quantify these impacts on populations.
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Pollesello, Piero, Tuvia Ben Gal, Dominique Bettex, Vladimir Cerny, Josep Comin-Colet, Alexandr A. Eremenko, Dimitrios Farmakis, et al. "Short-Term Therapies for Treatment of Acute and Advanced Heart Failure—Why so Few Drugs Available in Clinical Use, Why Even Fewer in the Pipeline?" Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 11 (November 1, 2019): 1834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8111834.
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Both acute and advanced heart failure are an increasing threat in term of survival, quality of life and socio-economical burdens. Paradoxically, the use of successful treatments for chronic heart failure can prolong life but—per definition—causes the rise in age of patients experiencing acute decompensations, since nothing at the moment helps avoiding an acute or final stage in the elderly population. To complicate the picture, acute heart failure syndromes are a collection of symptoms, signs and markers, with different aetiologies and different courses, also due to overlapping morbidities and to the plethora of chronic medications. The palette of cardio- and vasoactive drugs used in the hospitalization phase to stabilize the patient’s hemodynamic is scarce and even scarcer is the evidence for the agents commonly used in the practice (e.g. catecholamines). The pipeline in this field is poor and the clinical development chronically unsuccessful. Recent set backs in expected clinical trials for new agents in acute heart failure (AHF) (omecamtiv, serelaxine, ularitide) left a field desolately empty, where only few drugs have been approved for clinical use, for example, levosimendan and nesiritide. In this consensus opinion paper, experts from 26 European countries (Austria, Belgium, Croatia, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Hungary, Israel, Italy, The Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Russia, Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland, Turkey, U.K. and Ukraine) analyse the situation in details also by help of artificial intelligence applied to bibliographic searches, try to distil some lesson-learned to avoid that future projects would make the same mistakes as in the past and recommend how to lead a successful development project in this field in dire need of new agents.
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Zuckermann, Moshe. "“Islamofascism”. Remarks on a Current Ideologeme." DIE WELT DES ISLAMS 52, no. 3-4 (2012): 351–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15700607-201200a5.
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The term “Islamofascism” for quite some time has had currency in polemical, but also in sober political discourses. However, it is clear that Islamic fundamentalism has very little, if anything, in common, in either origin or in form, with the historical phenomenon of fascism. If fascism is understood as what developed in certain historical constellations in Italy, Spain, and Hungary or as a specific exceptional form in German National Socialism, then it is something quite different from the movements of radicalized Islam. Islam, as a religion, is driven by different factors and follows goals very different from those of political fascism. One has to rigorously empty the political-scientifically established term “fascism” of content if one wants to make out superficial similarities. This must not be misunderstood: of course there is a modern (sometimes fanaticized) Arab nationalism; but as such it is not a substrate of Islam and thus does not substantially derive religiously from Islam. The Nazi (racial-biological) concept of the “national comrade” (Volksgenosse) has connotations different from those of membership in the Islamic Umma, which neither has anything do with an ideology of “blood” or race nor is determined by territorial presence, but rather includes Muslims living in the Diaspora—and in this respect is much more closely related to the Jewish-religious concepts of nation, people, and Diaspora than to the categories of the fascism that genuinely arose from Western modernism. It can therefore be assumed that the use of the term “Islamofascism” has little to do with an interest in analytical knowledge, but all the more with ideological polemics and political indoctrination.
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Saiz-Echezarreta, Vanesa. "The Affective Configuration of the Public Problem of Depopulation: From Resignation to Obstinance." Communication & Society 37, no. 1 (January 9, 2024): 149–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.15581/003.37.1.149-165.
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Participation in public problems involves diverse strategies, including the challenging and transformation of hegemonic affective configurations. By exposing and disrupting the established emotional norms, actors gain affective agency, enabling resistance against the prevailing status quo and facilitating active engagement in democratic deliberation. To explore this idea, we present a sociocultural analysis of the Empty Spain Revolt (Revuelta de la España Vaciada) as a compelling case study. Employing semiotic-enunciational discourse analysis, we focus on the affective-emotional dimension, utilizing the movement’s Manifesto and photographs of banners from the March 31, 2019, demonstration in Madrid as our primary sources. Our research reveals the emergence of affective agency through three gestures: 1) Indignation as a Catalyst: Indignation serves as a driving emotion, stemming from frustration due to perceived neglect. This emotion fosters the assignment of responsibility to political parties and fuels demands for immediate action. 2) Pride and Urban-Rural Dynamics: The appeal to urban subject emphasizes the interdependence between urban and rural areas, advocating for justice, equality, and rural dignity. 3) From Resignation to Obstinance: The transition from a resigned figure to an obstinate figure shifts the enunciative agency. The resolute voices of the obstinate subject sustain a collective identity and enable a politically active subject. Our analysis underscores the pivotal role of affects and emotions in shaping public problems and in the articulation of actor. The process of dismantling existing affective configurations and presenting alternative ones not only influences encyclopedias and imaginaries but also impacts collective agency and power structures. This study offers insights into the intricate relationship among affect, discourse, and sociopolitical change.
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Hostinská, Lucie, Petr Kuneš, Jiří Hadrava, Jordi Bosch, Pier Luigi Scaramozzino, and Petr Bogusch. "Comparative biology of four Rhodanthidium species (Hymenoptera, Megachilidae) that nest in snail shells." Journal of Hymenoptera Research 85 (August 31, 2021): 11–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/jhr.85.66544.
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Some species of two tribes (Anthidiini and Osmiini) of the bee family Megachilidae utilize empty gastropod shells as nesting cavities. While snail-nesting Osmiini have been more frequently studied and the nesting biology of several species is well-known, much less is known about the habits of snail-nesting Anthidiini. We collected nests of four species of the genus Rhodanthidium (R. septemdentatum, R. sticticum, R. siculum and R. infuscatum) in the Czech Republic, Slovakia, Catalonia (Spain) and Sicily (Italy). We dissected these nests in the laboratory and documented their structure, pollen sources and nest associates. The four species usually choose large snail shells. All four species close their nests with a plug made of resin, sand and fragments of snail shells. However, nests of the four species can be distinguished based on the presence (R. septemdentatum, R. sticticum) or absence (R. siculum, R. infuscatum) of mineral and plant debris in the vestibular space, and the presence (R. septemdentatum, R. infuscatum) or absence (R. sticticum, R. siculum) of a resin partition between the vestibular space and the brood cell. Rhodanthidium septemdentatum, R. sticticum and R. siculum usually build a single brood cell per nest, but all R. infuscatum nests studied contained two or more cells. For three of the species (R. siculum, R. septemdentatum and R. sticticum) we confirmed overwintering in the adult stage. Contrary to R. siculum, R. septemdentatum and R. sticticum do not hide their nest shells and usually use shells under the stones or hidden in crevices within stone walls. Nest associates were very infrequent. We only found two R. sticticum nests parasitized by the chrysidid wasp Chrysura refulgens and seven nests infested with pollen mites Chaetodactylus cf. anthidii. Our pollen analyses confirm that Rhodanthidium are polylectic but show a preference for Fabaceae by R. sticticum.
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Masdeu, M., R. M. Garcia-Garcia, R. Cardinali, P. Millan, M. Arias Alvarez, C. Castellini, P. L. Lorenzo, and P. G. Rebollar. "271 INDUCTION OF OVULATION IN RABBIT DOES USING PURIFIED NERVE GROWTH FACTOR AND CAMEL SEMINAL PLASMA." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 224. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab271.
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The presence of an ovulation-inducing factor (OIF) in the seminal plasma (SP) of several species with spontaneous and induced ovulation, including the rabbit, has been documented. Recent studies have demonstrated that the OIF in the SP of camels (SPCAM) is a nerve growth factor (β-NGF). The aim of this study was to determine if purified β-NGF from mouse submandibular glands or SPCAM could provoke ovulation induction in the rabbit doe. A total of 35 females were synchronized with 25 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (Serigan, Laboratorios Ovejero, Spain) and allocated into 4 groups. Forty-eight hours later (Day 0), does were given a single dose (IM) of 1 mL of saline solution (SS; n = 8); 1 mL of gonadorelin (GnRH; Inducel, Laboratorios Ovejero, Spain; n = 9); 24 µg of β-NGF (2.5S-NGF; Promega, USA; n = 10); or 1 mL of centrifuged raw camel SP (SPCAM; 127 pg mL–1 NGF; n = 8). After treatment, an empty catheter was introduced through the vagina to simulate the nervous/mechanical stimulus of coitus (4 animals per group). Plasma LH concentrations were determined in blood samples taken 30 min before treatment and at 0, 30, 60, 90, and 120 min after injection. Progesterone concentrations were assessed at 0 and 120 min and every 2 days until Day 6 after treatment. Concentrations of β-NGF in camel SP and hormone determinations were made by enzyme immunoassay. Ovulation rate (OR) was determined after euthanasia on Day 7. Statistical analyses using CATMOD and MIXED procedures of the SAS program to compare OR data and hormone concentrations, respectively, were performed. Ovulation occurred in 100% of GnRH (9/9), 33% (3/10) of NGF, 25% (2/8) of SS, and 0% (0/8) of SPCAM groups. Both NGF and SS ovulated females had significantly lower LH concentration than GnRH group throughout all preovulatory surge (P < 0.001). When does were not stimulated with catheter introduction, only those from the GnRH (5/5) and NGF (1/6) groups ovulated. Total number of corpora lutea in ovulated does was similar (15.9 ± 1.9, 17.0 ± 4.2, and 14.3 ± 3.1 CL in GnRH, SS, and NGF groups, respectively). Plasma P4 concentrations were normally increased from Day 2 to 6 in ovulated rabbits of all groups, but were lower at 120 min (P < 0.001) for the NGF and SS does, reaching similar levels than GnRH does at 6 days post-treatment. In the present study, β-NGF from mouse submandibular glands, but not from raw camel SP, induced ovulation in rabbit females, independently of nervous stimulus. Nonetheless, the possible low dose of β-NGF used and the origin could have been responsible for the lack of a more acute effect.We acknowledge CM, FSE, and AGL2011-23822 for funding.
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Sancho Reinoso, Alexis. ""Rurizad lo urbano: urbanizad lo rural". La geografÃa y la ordenación del territorio ante La España vacÃa / "Ruralise the urban, urbanise the rural". Geography and Spatial Planning dealing with the "empty Spain"." Ería 1, no. 1 (July 5, 2017): 45–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.17811/er.1.2017.45-50.
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Chou, C. L. "Non-empty quantum dot as a spin-entangler." Quantum Information and Computation 3, no. 4 (July 2003): 307–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.26421/qic3.4-2.
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We consider a three-port single-level quantum dot system with one input and two output leads. Instead of considering an empty dot, we study the situations that two input electrons co-tunnel through the quantum dot occupied by one or two dot electrons. We show that electron entanglement can be generated via the co-tunneling processes when the dot is occupied by two electrons, yielding non-local spin-singlet states at the output leads. When the dot is occupied by a single electron, we show that by carefully selecting model parameters non-local spin-triplet electrons can also be obtained at the output leads if the final dot electron has the same spin as that of the initial dot electron.
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Lopez-Bonilla, J. L., J. Morales, D. Naverrete, and M. A. Rosales. "Lanczos spin tensor for empty type D spacetimes." Classical and Quantum Gravity 10, no. 10 (October 1, 1993): 2153–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/0264-9381/10/10/022.
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Manrique Arribas, Juan Carlos, and Sara Manrique Martín. "La participación comunitaria y la afirmación de la comunidad. Estudio de caso de la Asociación Cultural "El Corralón"." Empiria. Revista de metodología de ciencias sociales, no. 60 (January 5, 2024): 71–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.5944/empiria.60.2024.39282.
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En los últimos años se viene advirtiendo un deterioro del sentimiento comunitario producido por factores como la crisis económica y sanitaria. De este modo, el objetivo principal de este trabajo es comprobar el sentido de comunidad que presenta un colectivo asociativo mediante el sentimiento de pertenencia que muestran sus miembros. En un pequeño municipio de la “España Vaciada”, Otones de Benjumea (Segovia), actualmente con apenas 50 habitantes, se creó informalmente en 1976 la Asociación Cultural "El Corralón" con el ánimo de promover la cultura para el desarrollo personal y colectivo de sus asociados y simpatizantes. Mediante un estudio de caso, se recogen datos provenientes de los archivos documentales de la propia Asociación y de 16 informantes clave para conocer el impacto que ha tenido esta entidad entre la población afín al municipio. Los resultados analizados indican que la implicación de sus asociados supone el capital social dinamizador de su buen funcionamiento y la cultura se ha convertido en el atributo más característico de sus propuestas. Por tanto, la Asociación ha conseguido ser un instrumento de afirmación de la comunidad basado en la recuperación del patrimonio y la memoria, con atributos distintivos que la confiere rasgos de identidad. In recent years, a deterioration of the community feeling has been noticed due to factors such as the economic and health crisis. Thus, the main objective of this work is to verify whether the sense of community that an associative group presents overcomes these and other adversities through the feeling of belonging shown by its members. In a small municipality of "Empty Spain", Otones de Benjumea (Segovia), currently with barely 50 inhabitants, the Cultural Association "El Corralón" was informally created in 1976 with the aim of promoting culture for the personal and collective development of its associates and sympathizers. Through a case study, data are collected from the Association's own documentary archives, from participant observation and from 16 key informants to learn about the impact this entity among the population related to the municipality. The results analyzed indicate that the involvement of its associates is the social capital that has been the driving force behind its good functioning and that culture has become the most characteristic attribute of its proposals. Therefore, the Association has succeeded in being an instrument of community affirmation based on the recovery of heritage and memory, with distinctive attributes that give it identity traits with respect to other associative proposals.
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Bramald, Rod. "Introducing the empty number line." Education 3-13 28, no. 3 (October 2000): 5–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/03004270085200271.
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Dorney, Paulette. "The Empty Desk." OMEGA - Journal of Death and Dying 74, no. 2 (August 3, 2016): 164–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0030222815598688.
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The unimaginable suddenly happens; without warning, a nursing student suddenly dies, creating an aftermath of emotional turmoil for peers and faculty. Upon receipt of the news, classmates are in absolute disbelief and shock, and struggle to comprehend the reality of the death. For many of these young adults, this is the first experience with peer death. This qualitative phenomenological study explored the grief experiences, coping strategies, and reactions of nursing students following the sudden death of a classmate. Purposive sampling yielded nine participants from four different universities who experienced the death of their classmate within the previous year. Nine major themes emerged as the participants reflected on their emotional struggle with grief, both as a peer and a member of a helping profession. This study yielded a rich understanding of the grief experience for nursing students, while providing insights for policy development and supportive interventions for faculty, counselors, and administrators.
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Reinmuth, J., F. Passek, V. N. Petrov, M. Donath, V. Popescu, and H. Ebert. "Spin-dependent local density of empty electronic states inFeNi3." Physical Review B 56, no. 20 (November 15, 1997): 12893–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.56.12893.
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