Academic literature on the topic 'Empty Spain'
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Journal articles on the topic "Empty Spain"
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Donaire, José, Núria Galí, and Raquel Camprubi. "Empty Summer: International Tourist Behavior in Spain during COVID-19." Sustainability 13, no. 8 (April 14, 2021): 4356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13084356.
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COVID-19 has led to the biggest tourism crisis in modern Spanish history. Although its borders were opened in June 2020, incoming international tourism to Spain was very low. Tourist behavior, however, has been very diverse between types of tourism. Data from credit card transactions showing tourist behavior in 33 destinations representative of various types of tourism were analyzed. Results show that differences in tourist behavior between destinations can be explained by risk perception and the proximity of the destination to home, which favors natural areas and charming coastal cities. This study contributes to the academic literature by studying the effective behavior of international tourists in the time of COVID-19.
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Pulido Fernández, Manuel, Ilan Stavi, and Jesús Barrena González. "Is land abandonment remarkable in the so-called Empty Spain?" Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 63 (July 29, 2022): 77–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.5354/0719-5370.2022.67759.
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Desde el inicio del siglo XXI, la población rural de muchos municipios de España ha disminuido considerablemente. Este fenómeno demográfico, conocido como la España vaciada, se considera ampliamente como un motor de abandono de tierras. El objetivo principal de este estudio fue, por tanto, analizar espacialmente este fenómeno, comparando los datos actuales sobre variables como la población total, el uso/cubierta del suelo, el número de animales de ganadería y el número de incendios forestales con los datos obtenidos hace dos décadas, para comprobar si el abandono de tierras (el cese de las actividades agrícolas en un determinado terreno) es notable (fácilmente detectable en un mapa a escala nacional) en estos territorios. El fenómeno de la España vaciada afecta a 5.084 de los 8.043 municipios nacionales, que abarcan 320.000 km2, es decir, más del 60% del territorio español. En las zonas despobladas, más de 37.000 km2 de tierras agroforestales tradicionales han sufrido una transformación del uso del suelo. De estas tierras, 24.000 km2 se han convertido en pastizales, brezales o bosques, 8.500 km2 se han convertido en tierras agrícolas intensivas (incluyendo viñedos, olivares y otras plantaciones de árboles frutales) y otros 3.000 km2 se han convertido en pastos intensivos (intensificación de la ganadería). En general, los datos muestran que el abandono de los sistemas agrícolas tradicionales extensivos y, al mismo tiempo, la expansión de los usos agrícolas intensivos de la tierra son dos procesos coexistentes que han tenido lugar en toda la España vaciada. En términos ecológicos, estas tendencias de cambio de uso del suelo pueden provocar una simplificación del paisaje, con los consiguientes riesgos de degradación del suelo y deterioro medioambiental.
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Llorent-Bedmar, Vicente, Verónica C. Cobano-Delgado Palma, and María Navarro-Granados. "The rural exodus of young people from empty Spain. Socio-educational aspects." Journal of Rural Studies 82 (February 2021): 303–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jrurstud.2021.01.014.
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García-Cardona, Juan. "El migrante como sujeto literario en dos novelas enmarcadas en la España vacía: "La forastera" (2020) y "Un hípster en la España vacía" (2020)." Philologica Canariensia, no. 30 (2024) (June 22, 2024): 175–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.20420/phil.can.2024.672.
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The soaring of a new literary generation situating pieces of works in the so-called empty Spain has given rise to a wide range of themes, among which migratory movements stand out. The novels La forastera (2020) by Olga Merino and Un hípster en la España vacía (2020) by Daniel Gascón, whose diegesis includes immigrant characters conceived in different ways, are the objects of this study. This article delves into the construction of the abovementioned characters through the theory on the rural migratory phenomenon and the literature on immigration in Spain. Moreover, it reflects on the use of the stereotype, which in the work of Merino is strengthened and in the work of Gascón is subverted.
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Cabra-Rivas, Isabel, and Pilar Castro-Díez. "Potential Germination Success of Exotic and Native Trees Coexisting in Central Spain Riparian Forests." International Journal of Ecology 2016 (2016): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2016/7614683.
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We compared potential germination success (i.e., percentage of produced seeds that germinate under optimal conditions), the percentage of empty and insect-damaged seeds, germinability (Gmax), and time to germination (Tgerm) between the exoticsAilanthus altissima,Robinia pseudoacacia,andUlmus pumilaand two coexisting native trees (Fraxinus angustifoliaandUlmus minor) in the riparian forests of Central Spain. Additionally, we tested the effect of seed age, seed bank type (canopy or soil) and population onGmaxandTgermofA. altissimaandR. pseudoacacia, which are seed-banking species. Species ranked by their potential germination success wereA. altissima>U. pumila>R. pseudoacacia>U. minor>F. angustifolia. The combination of a highGmaxand negligible seed insect-damage providedA. altissimawith a potential germination advantage over the natives, which were the least successful due to an extremely high percentage of empty seeds or a very lowGmax.R. pseudoacaciashowed high vulnerability to insect seed predation which might be compensated with the maintenance of persistent seed banks with highGmax.GmaxandTgermwere strongly affected by seed age in the seed-banking invaders, but between-seed bank variation ofGmaxandTgermdid not show a consistent pattern across species and populations.
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Martinez-Puche, Antonio, Salvador Martínez Puche, Francisco Javier García Delgado, and Xavier Amat Montesinos. "The representation of the rural exodus in Spanish cinema (1900-2020): evolution, causes and territorial consequences." Investigaciones Geográficas, no. 77 (January 26, 2022): 79. http://dx.doi.org/10.14198/ingeo.19337.
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Rural depopulation has been a constant feature of contemporary Spanish history and has been amply studied from the perspective of geography. Recently, however, there has been considerable media attention given to the consequences of internal migration. Behind the alarming demographic statistics lies a nexus of processes which have been reflected in the cinema since its beginning. This paper explores these processes at work in the rural sending environment and receiving urban destination through an analysis of six representative Spanish films. The fictional representation through film of a complex reality provides insights into the internal and contextual keys to understanding the phenomenon of ‘empty Spain’ or ‘hollowed-out Spain’. The films illustrate the persistence of two conflicting ideas (the rural and urban), divergence about what constitutes development and the quality of life, and the processes leading to ‘demotanasia’.
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Adamiak, Czesław, Barbara Szyda, Anna Dubownik, and David García-Álvarez. "Airbnb Offer in Spain—Spatial Analysis of the Pattern and Determinants of Its Distribution." ISPRS International Journal of Geo-Information 8, no. 3 (March 22, 2019): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijgi8030155.
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The rising number of homes and apartments rented out through Airbnb and similar peer-to-peer accommodation platforms cause concerns about the impact of such activity on the tourism sector and property market. To date, spatial analysis on peer-to-peer rental activity has been usually limited in scope to individual large cities. In this study, we take into account the whole territory of Spain, with special attention given to cities and regions with high tourist activity. We use a dataset of about 250 thousand Airbnb listings in Spain obtained from the Airbnb webpage, aggregate the numbers of these offers in 8124 municipalities and 79 tourist areas/sites, measure their concentration, spatial autocorrelation, and develop regression models to find the determinants of Airbnb rentals’ distribution. We conclude that apart from largest cities, Airbnb is active in holiday destinations of Spain, where it often serves as an intermediary for the rental of second or investment homes and apartments. The location of Airbnb listings is mostly determined by the supply of empty or secondary dwellings, distribution of traditional tourism accommodation, coastal location, and the level of internationalization of tourism demand.
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Olaso, Ignacio, José L. Gutiérrez, Begoña Villamor, Pablo Carrera, Luis Valdés, and Pablo Abaunza. "Seasonal changes in the north-eastern Atlantic mackerel diet (Scomber scombrus) in the north of Spain (ICES Division VIIIc)." Journal of the Marine Biological Association of the United Kingdom 85, no. 2 (March 31, 2005): 415–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0025315405011343h.
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Seasonal changes in the diet of the Atlantic mackerel from the north-east Atlantic in ICES Division VIIIc during the period 1988–1999. The diet of juvenile (21–29 cm) and adult mackerel (30–45 cm) in this area in spring (the spawning season) and autumn varied in composition and size of prey. In spring, the average prey weight was 0·009 g and the number of prey was 180 individuals per stomach, with the average stomach content volume being 1·62 g (0·60% BW [body weight]), and 1·50 g (0·51% BW) when considering the empty stomachs. In autumn, the average prey weight was 0·28 g, the average number of prey per stomach was 17, and the average stomach weight that contained food was three times higher than in spring, and 2·3 times when considering the empty stomachs. In spring, the diet of the juveniles consisted of euphausiids, crustacean larvae and other zooplankton, whereas euphausiids formed 90% of the diet in the adults. In addition, during this period mackerel were cannibalistic, feeding on their own eggs. In autumn, the juveniles ate hyperiids and other, mainly gelatinous zooplankton, whereas for the adults blue whiting were clearly important, since they comprised 90% of the stomach weight.
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Cobano-Delgado, Veronica, and Vicente Llorent-Bedmar. "Women’s Well-Being and Rural Development in Depopulated Spain." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 17, 2020): 1966. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061966.
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The threat of depopulation in the rural areas making up what has become to be known as “empty Spain” is currently an extremely urgent national issue. Women are a fundamental pillar of rural sustainability, but the lack of decent living conditions has led to their mass exodus to the country’s cities. We analysed the factors undermining their health and well-being, thus leading to their dissatisfaction and their subsequent desire to abandon the countryside for a better life. A mixed methodology was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative data collection techniques. For data collection, an ad hoc questionnaire was developed before being administered to members of the Rural Development Groups of the Celtiberian Highlands, while some of their number were also interviewed. Rural women experience personal dilemmas that prompt them to migrate. These include choosing between living in the place where they were born, close to their families and neighbours, and a decent productive job, the availability of basic services and a broader range of leisure opportunities, among other aspects. It is essential to acknowledge the socio-economic importance of women’s work, to identify invisible burdens and their risks and to adopt measures that facilitate the reconciliation of work and family life.
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Langreo Navarro, Alicia, and Tomas Garcia Azcarate. "¿Qué actividad en la España Vacía?" Economía Agraria y Recursos Naturales 19, no. 1 (June 28, 2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.7201/earn.2019.01.01.
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<div data-canvas-width="529.0725266666668"><div data-canvas-width="529.0725266666668">This note is a reflection on the empty Spain and some of the differential features of its economic activity. The analysis starts from the observation that the economic engines that assured more or less their stability in the past have failed. It focusses on the different productive systems observed in the rural areas and their capacity to carry over the rural economy as a whole, which constitutes the essential core of this contribution. The gender perspective and the emigration are incorporated into the debate. It ends with 9 proposals for possible future lines of work.</div></div>
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Empty Spain"
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Beau, Cécile. "Représentations de la nature en Espagne : de l’exode rural à l'émergence d’un discours écologique (1950-2020)." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Paris 3, 2022. http://www.theses.fr/2022PA030031.
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La société espagnole, essentiellement agricole jusqu’aux années cinquante, a connu une industrialisation accélérée, promue par le pouvoir franquiste, qui a entraîné un déclin rapide et irréversible des régions rurales. Ces territoires sont devenus des espaces dépeuplés que l'État a laissé péricliter au profit du noyau central (Madrid), de certaines régions périphériques (comme le Pays Basque et la Catalogne) et de nouveaux pôles touristiques côtiers. A travers l’analyse du discours sur la nature et le monde agraire depuis 1950 jusqu’à l’époque actuelle, ce travail de recherche s’intéresse au rôle de l’exode rural dans l’évolution socioéconomique de l’Espagne et entreprend d’éclairer la façon dont l’écologie s’est diffusée dans ce pays à mesure qu’avançait la déruralisation. Les conséquences de la disparition des sociétés paysannes, qui occupaient jadis les espaces que l’on désigne aujourd’hui sous le nom d’Espagne vide (España vacía), ont été relativement peu étudiées. Cependant, plusieurs écrivains de la seconde moitié du vingtième siècle se sont penchés sur l’histoire de cette « révolution silencieuse » : Miguel Delibes, Julio Llamazares Rafael Chirbes, notamment, déplorent dans leurs romans le sort réservé à ces régions et à leurs habitants et mettent en avant le rapport contradictoire qu’entretiennent les Espagnols vis-à-vis de leur passé rural. Aussi, les anciens territoires agricoles, délaissés et marginalisés par les pouvoirs publics, semblent retrouver aujourd’hui aux yeux des Espagnols l’importance qu’ils avaient autrefois. Car l’Espagne rurale devient un enjeu politique à partir du moment où le regard que l’on porte sur elle nous renvoie à la fois au passé : suscitant un questionnement sur la façon de surmonter les blessures causées par la guerre civile et la dictature et dont elle porte encore les stigmates, mais également à l’avenir ; à travers la question des moyens à mettre œuvre pour réagir face à la crise environnementale, en préservant la nature et les terres agricolesSpanish society, essentially agricultural until the 1950s, underwent an accelerated industrialization, promoted by Franco's government, which led to a rapid and irreversible decline of rural areas. These territories became depopulated spaces that the state allowed to decline in favor of the central core (Madrid), some peripheral regions (such as the Basque Country and Catalonia) and new coastal tourist centers. Through the analysis of the discourse on nature and the agrarian world from 1950 to the present time, this research work focuses on the role of the rural exodus in the socio-economic evolution of Spain and attempts to shed light on the way ecology has spread in this country as deruralization has progressed. The consequences of the disappearance of the peasant societies that once occupied the spaces that today are known as España vacía (empty Spain) have been relatively little studied. However, several writers of the second half of the twentieth century have studied the history of this "silent revolution": Miguel Delibes, Julio Llamazares Rafael Chirbes, among others, lament in their novels the fate of these regions and their inhabitants and highlight the contradictory relationship that Spaniards have with their rural past. Also, the former agricultural territories, neglected and marginalized by the public authorities, seem to be regaining the importance they once had in the eyes of the Spaniards. For rural Spain becomes a political issue from the moment we look at it, both in the past, questioning how to overcome the wounds caused by the civil war and the dictatorship, of which it still bears the scars, and in the future, through the question of how to respond to the environmental crisis, preserving nature and farmland
Books on the topic "Empty Spain"
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Unauthored. Hp empty 20pkt w spin. HP Trade, 1994.
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Buggy Books: Empty Display Unit: Read & Listen 2 for ý10 Empty Spin. Dorling Kindersley Publishers Ltd, 2001.
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Pollmann, Judith. Past and Present: The Virtues of Anachronism. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198797555.003.0003.
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Many scholars have argued that modernity and modern memory became possible only once people in the West gave up on a much older, pre-modern and anachronistic way of thinking about the past, which privileges the similarities rather than the differences between past and present. Yet early modern people were both well aware of, and interested in, the existence of change. The widespread use of historical analogies, and the anachronistic thinking that enabled this, was therefore not the result of ignorance or innocence. Rather it was a matter of choice and one, very effective, rhetorical technique for structuring a spin on the present. It could be used to persuade with, to play with, to do politics with, to give status, and to pre-empt criticism. Anachronisms continue to be used for such purposes today.
Book chapters on the topic "Empty Spain"
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Donath, Markus. "Spin-Dependent Empty Electronic States at Magnetic Surfaces." In Magnetism and Structure in Systems of Reduced Dimension, 243–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4899-1519-1_21.
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Calvo-Gonzalez, Oscar. "Conclusion." In Unexpected Prosperity, 252–60. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780198853978.003.0012.
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When one looks for reasons why a glass is half empty, it is easy to fail to notice how it got half full in the first place. Likewise, most of the discussion on Spanish economic development in historical perspective has long focused on its shortcomings. Yet, despite its shortfalls, today Spain is a prosperous society solidly established among the high-income economies and with not insignificant achievements in terms of human development. How did it become so? Instead of focusing on relative failures, the purpose here has been to explain how Spain’s economy grew and developed. In doing so, it provides a new perspective, one that uncovers growth after 1950 as fast, sustained, and unexpected....
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Fagan, Brian. "The World of the Pueblos." In From Stonehenge to Samarkand. Oxford University Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195160918.003.0013.
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The search for El Dorado, the fabled land of gold, brought Spanish conquistadors north from New Spain into the harsh deserts of the North American Southwest. They were searching for the Seven Lost Cities of Cibola, cities said to have been founded as long ago as the eighth century by a legendary bishop who had fled west from Lisbon, Portugal, in fear of the Moors and Islam. When a Franciscan friar, Fray Marcos of Niza, returned to Mexico City from a preliminary expedition in 1539 with stories of a “faire citie with many houses builded in order” and gold and silver in abundance, the viceroy of New Spain quickly organized a major expedition under Francisco Coronado. The expedition ranged widely over the Southwest and far into the interior plains from 1540 to 1542. The disappointed Spaniards found no gold, however, just crowded pueblos “looking as if [they] had been crumpled all up together.” Coronado and his men visited Zuñi pueblos, as well as Pecos in what is now northern New Mexico, where the pueblo was “square, situated on a rock, with a large court or yard in the middle, containing the steam rooms. The houses are all alike, four stories high. One can go over the whole village without there being a street to hinder.” Coronado returned to Mexico City empty-handed from a seemingly desolate and unproductive land. The pueblos were largely forgotten until a sparse population of Catholic friars and then colonists moved northward into the arid lands about a century later. By the early nineteenth century, the great pueblos of Chaco Canyon and Mesa Verde were but vague memories, except to the Native Americans who claimed ancestry from them, and were never visited by outsiders. In 1823, José Antonio Vizcarra, governor of the Mexican province of New Mexico, rode through Chaco Canyon with a small military party during a campaign against the local Navajo. He was in a hurry and contented himself with the observation that the great houses were built by unknown people. Sixteen years later, an American government expedition against the Navajo descended into the Chaco Canyon drainage and sighted “a conspicuous ruin” on a low hill.
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Horn, Gero-Rainer. "Transnational Consciousness Within the European Left." In European Socialists Respond to Fascism, 117–36. Oxford University PressNew York, NY, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780195093742.003.0007.
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Abstract Since its inception, social democracy has been an international phenomenon, organized in national sections but with multiple links and avenues of exchange connecting the varied strands across political frontiers. Regular international congresses were held to coordinate the political responses to the challenges of the day, although, in practice, it remains to be determined what, if any, impact the decisions reached at the international gatherings had on the daily practice of national parties. Certainly by the 1930s the social democratic International was little more than an empty shell. Yet some form of international center continued to exist, and regular meetings of the LSI executive and bureau were held in frequent succession. The memoirs of Adolf Sturmthal, a key employee of the LSI in Zurich and, later, Brussels, are a fascinating reminder of the impressive international contacts maintained between social demo crats in Europe up to the outbreak of World War 11.1 Personal contacts were, however, only one dimension facilitating potential intellectual cross-fertilization and exchange. A well-developed network of social democratic publications reinforced the public committrnent to an internationalist perspective. In each of the five countries under review, social democrats controlled a plentiful and generally lively party press with, in each case, one national daily newspaper as the informational backbone, at least for as long as conditions of legality prevailed. A network of foreign correspondents kept each national section abreast of information from abroad. German, Austrian and Spanish social democracy furthermore published important theoretical journals with significant attention to international events. Rudolf Hilferding’s Zeitschrift für Sozialismus (ZfS) provided a much-needed forum for reflections on the tragedy of German labor. As much of its readership was dispersed among the few remaining democracies in Europe, there existed more than purely intellectual reasons for heightened attention to what used to be considered “foreign affairs.” Theoretical analyses of fascism, the changing nature of the state and the strategies of united and popular fronts stood side by side with up-to-date assessments of the latest Comintern twists, politics in Spain and the most recent programmatic in novations of the British Labor Party.
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Truskolaski, Sebastian. "Benjamin, Walter (1892–1940)." In Routledge Encyclopedia of Philosophy. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780415249126-dc089-2.
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Walter Bendix Schönflies Benjamin was an influential German intellectual, whose activity spanned the late years of the German empire and the volatile Weimar period, culminating in a tragic suicide at Portbou while fleeing from Nazi persecution. Born into an assimilated Jewish family in Berlin, Benjamin’s prismatic writings straddle diverse fields, including philosophy, art and literary criticism; however, they also mark significant forays into broadcasting, travel-writing, and translation. Although Benjamin remained relatively unknown to a wider public during his lifetime, his influence can be discerned in Frankfurt School critical theory, as well as in his correspondences with leading cultural figures of the day: from Hugo von Hofmannsthal to Hannah Arendt and Bertolt Brecht. Benjamin’s work has been widely studied since the first posthumous publication of his selected writings by Theodor W. Adorno in 1955, laying the foundations for more comprehensive editions in subsequent decades. Since then, a voluminous secondary literature on Benjamin has appeared, including important works by a diverse range of thinkers from Carl Schmitt, to Paul de Man, and Judith Butler. Today, Benjamin is perhaps best-known for his literary studies on Goethe, Kafka, and Baudelaire, in addition to the seminal essays of his ‘anthropological’ turn, above all his piece on ‘The Work of Art in the Age of its Technical Reproducibility’ (1936). Benjamin’s oeuvre is often seen as falling into two periods: an early theological-metaphysical phase, culminating in his ill-fated Habilitation,1Origin of the German Trauerspiel (1925), and a later Marxist-materialist phase, exemplified by his unfinished ur-history of modernity, The Arcades Project (c.1927–40). Indeed, Benjamin’s Habilitation, which was rejected by the University of Frankfurt in 1925, marks the end of his sustained efforts to secure an academic position, and an increase in the production of more occasional writings – many of them produced under considerable material pressures during his years of exile in France, Spain, and Denmark. Moreover, Benjamin’s writings from the mid-1920s onwards often assume startling experimental forms that set them apart from some of his earlier, more pointedly academic production. This is true, for instance, of his philosophical autobiography Berlin Childhood Around 1900 (c.1933–38), or his great work of modernist montage, One-Way Street (1928). However, despite Benjamin’s self-characterization as an author who is ‘always radical’ but ‘never consistent’ (GB 3, 159),2 the theoretical antitheses that this periodization implies tend to cover over important continuities in his thinking. This concerns, not least, his persistent efforts to recast ‘the relationship of a truth to history’ (C, 135–6), as he puts it in a letter to Ernst Schoen. One way of capturing this dimension of Benjamin’s thought is by considering his objections to the perceived strictures of a narrowly defined concept of experience that Benjamin identifies, in part, with Immanuel Kant. This form of experience (Erlebnis as opposed to Erfahrung) is supposed to entail an unsustainable dualism between subjects and objects of cognition – a relation that, in turn, plays out in a homogeneous, empty flow of time. Accordingly, Benjamin is consistent in his attempts to rescue the ‘integrity of an experience that is ephemeral’ (SW 1, 100), as he puts it in his 1918 essay ‘On the Programme of the Coming Philosophy’. This includes a focus on linguistic, religious, and emphatically historical experiences, which interweave in complicated and productive ways throughout Benjamin’s fragmentary writings.
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Shakeel, R. "Fundamental Concepts of Topological Insulators." In Materials Research Foundations, 1–20. Materials Research Forum LLC, 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.21741/9781644902851-1.
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The notion of topological insulators was first introduced to explain the concept of Quantum Hall Effect. The Quantum Hall State (QHS) does not disrupt symmetries but showed fundamental properties (like quantized Hall conductivity, the number of conducting edge-mode) that are not affected by smooth changes in different material parameters and are not subject to change if the system goes through the quantum phase-transition. A topological insulator (TI) just like an ordinary insulator has a large energy gap that is separating the highest-filled electronic band from the lowest empty-band. However, a topological insulator's surface must have gapless electronic states which are protected by the time-reversal symmetry (TRS). Like QHS, having distinctive gapless chiral edge-states on the surface or the edge-states of the topological insulators (TIs) are topologically shielded and reveal conducting states having properties that are unlike any other known 1D and 2D electronic systems. Strong spin-orbit interactions under the conservation of time-reversal symmetry (TRS) are the driving force behind these substances. Moreover, Topological insulators (TIs) were revealed experimentally for the first time in 2007 by the consideration of the condensed-matter physics community which become fully focused on a novel category of materials. The 3D topological insulator's new qualities could result in some fascinating applications because they are very common semiconductors and their topological properties can withstand high temperatures. Hence, Topological insulators (TIs) are those materials that are electrically inert in bulk but can carry out electricity due to their topologically protected electronic edge-state as well as surface states.
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deBuys, William. "Sand Canyon: Vanishing Acts." In A Great Aridness. Oxford University Press, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780199778928.003.0008.
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In the southwest the specter of climate change invites a long look into the deep past. For anyone who hunts for insights about the nature of the region and the trick of making peace with its aridity, the ubiquitous signs of vanished communities beckon irresistibly—in the ruins of Chaco Canyon, the empty cliff dwellings of Mesa Verde, and the mounded rubble of abandoned villages scattered near and far. The “lessons” they offer, however, are not always as clear as we would like them to be. Cautionary tales about the truths and errors of distant centuries can be easy to spin but surprisingly hard to reconcile to the complexity of the archaeological record, which is never static. As with any domain of science, the story told by the archaeology of the Southwest is always emerging, always gaining in heft and detail. When I went looking for someone who could help me read it, the trail I took led to the head of a rugged canyon, choked with piñon and juniper, in the far southwest of Colorado. “There’s a kiva, there’s a kiva, there’s a kiva,” says archaeologist Mark Varien, who is vice president of programs at the Crow Canyon Archaeological Center, outside Cortez. He points in succession to three circular depressions amid the rubble, signatures of the remains of subterranean rooms that once housed much of the life of the pueblo. Rough blocks of sandstone outline the space the kivas occupied, their roofs having long ago caved in. Wind has filled their cavities with the dust and litter of centuries. Now they bloom with cliff rose and sagebrush. We stand just behind the kivas on a mound of half-buried building stones, which are canted at every angle—the remains of masonry rooms. To either side lie the mounds of more room blocks, their rear walls forming the perimeter of the pueblo, and the pueblo itself wrapping around the cleft of a rocky draw. The draw leads south and widens into Sand Canyon, a dry tributary of McElmo Creek, which flows west out of Colorado and joins the San Juan River not far away in Utah.
Conference papers on the topic "Empty Spain"
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CRISTINI, VALENTINA, José Luis Baró Zarzo, Camilla Mileto, Fernando Vegas, Matilde Caruso, and Eva Tortajada Montalva. "“For sale: empty Spain” Raising awareness on abandoned buildings and depopulated villages." In HERITAGE2022 International Conference on Vernacular Heritage: Culture, People and Sustainability. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica de València, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/heritage2022.2022.15768.
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Population density is one of the most influential factors in the conservation of historic vernacular buildings. This factor is not directly linked with the constructive technique used but with the conservation and abandonment of traditional buildings. Since the mid-20th century many rural areas in the Iberian Peninsula, mostly inland, have suffered a loss of population. This is partly due to the start of industrialization which caused the population to move to the cities, as well as the high levels of poverty and abandonment in small inland towns which remain very isolated, even today. It is in this context that the Empty Spain teaching initiative arises, applicable to architectural preservation subjects taught at the ETS of Architecture (Universitat Politècnica de València, Spain), and encouraged by the Sustainable Development Goals of the 2030 Agenda promoted by United Nations. Raising awareness on global issues affecting society is essential in the awareness of social responsibility in education . This is even more the case for any professionals in training, especially architects, directly involved in key decisions on forms of construction and choice of materials. From the start it was felt that this involvement could help shape the framework needed to prompt motivation and undertake the changes to follow.
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Baró Zarzo, José-Luis, Valentina Cristini, Camilla Mileto, María-Josefa Balaguer Dezcallar, Pasquale De Dato, Lidia García-Soriano, María Lidón De Miguel, et al. "EMPTY SPAIN AND VERNACULAR ARCHITECTURE. AWARENESS AND CONSERVATION FROM THE TEACHING OF ARCHITECTURAL RESTORATION." In 14th International Conference on Education and New Learning Technologies. IATED, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.21125/edulearn.2022.1685.
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Schulte-Fischedick, Jan, Rainer Tamme, and Ulf Herrmann. "CFD Analysis of the Cool Down Behaviour of Molten Salt Thermal Storage Systems." In ASME 2008 2nd International Conference on Energy Sustainability collocated with the Heat Transfer, Fluids Engineering, and 3rd Energy Nanotechnology Conferences. ASMEDC, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/es2008-54101.
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CFD analysis has been conducted to obtain information on heat losses, velocity and temperature distribution of large molten salt Thermal Energy Storage (TES) systems. A two-tank 880 MWh storage system was modeled according to the molten salt TES containment design proposed for the 50 MWel commercial parabolic trough solar thermal power plants in Spain. Heat losses were established using the Finite Element Method (FEM), and used to determine the boundary conditions for the subsequent two- and three-dimensional Computational Fluid Mechanics (CFD) calculations. The investigations reveal that a high heat loss flux occurs at the lower edges of the salt storage tanks (between side wall and bottom plate). Thus the maximum temperature difference can be found at this location, resulting in the onset of local solidification within 3.25 days in the case of the empty cool tank. As a consequence, the detailed design of the lower edge has a large impact on both the overall heat losses and the period until the onset of local solidification.
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Fernández-Maroto, Miguel. "Stages in the configuration of urban form in urban development planning: the emerging role of open spaces as sustainability mechanism. The case of Valladolid (Spain)." In 24th ISUF 2017 - City and Territory in the Globalization Age. Valencia: Universitat Politècnica València, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4995/isuf2017.2017.5241.
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Along the last five decades and through three different stages, the urban development plans —general plans— of Valladolid, a medium-sized Spanish city, show an interesting evolution in the way of configuring the global urban form and controlling urban development that we can also find in other similar Spanish cities. In the sixties and seventies, plans proposed “autonomous” expansive schemes foreseeing a huge rate of urban growth, so they defined wide areas to be urbanised through new transport infrastructures and typical zoning mechanisms. In the eighties, after decay in urban and economic development and during the transition to democracy, the new local governments focused on the existing city and fostered a more controlled urban growth. However, plans continued to employ the same tools to manage future urban form —definition of transport infrastructures and sectors to be urbanised—, although they looked for more “controllable” forms, such as radio-concentric ones, aiming at a gradual and homogeneous implementation —compact city—. When real-estate market recovered in early nineties, this strategy revealed its weaknesses: fragmented urban fringe and tendency to a congestive model, reinforced when a new generation of expansive plans drove these schemes out of the limits they were conceived with. However, an alternative and more sustainable model had already emerged, as some new urban planning tools proposed a change of perspective: managing global urban form not through future urbanised spaces, but through open ones, generating an “empty” network able to give coherence to the whole urban structure in a metropolitan scale.
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Abanades, Javier, Javier Ivars, Rafael Molina, and Carlos García. "The Application of Caisson-Type Solutions to the Current Offshore Wind Energy Market." In ASME 2018 37th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2018-77508.
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The current offshore wind energy market is not only focused on the design of WTG foundations, but also on the design of offshore infrastructures that lead to an improvement in the current grid connection system, such as artificial islands. For all these type of projects, caisson-type solutions can be applied with numerous advantages. The present article present three different projects in which caisson-type solutions were used: the foundation of a WTG (Gravi3® patent) in the Portuguese Coast, the foundation of a meteorological mast installed in Scotland and the design of an artificial island in the North Sea. The main advantage of this solution is the well-developed construction principle to build the caissons, which is based in the employ of a floating dock in a shelter area. As the caissons are cellular elements, the interior is empty; they float, so they are transported to the place in question to be deployed by means of filling with water the cells that comprised the caisson. This technology is rather used in Spain, being most of the kilometres of breakwater built using caissons thank to their high production rates. The three examples that will be presented in the article are proof of the versatility of this solution. Whereas the case of Gravi3® consists in a gravity based solution for WTG, which is comprised of 3 circular caissons connected by means of a steel tripod; the meteorological mast is formed by a rectangular caisson and a steel shaft. Finally, the artificial island is a mixed solution that uses caissons in the perimeter and hydraulic filling in the inner part. Furthermore, these solutions could be also applied in ports, integrating the WTG on the current or future dikes.
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Kruger, S., and L. Pretorius. "Evaluating the Effect of Number of Spans on Heat Transfer in Greenhouses." In ASME 2019 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2019-11420.
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Abstract The present study concerns convective flows in the empty volume above the plant canopy in a confined greenhouse. The purpose of this paper is to numerically investigate the effect of the number of spans on the convective heat transfer in closed greenhouses. The initial greenhouse CFD model cavity is validated against experimental results found in the literature. Thermal convection is induced by heating the bottom of the cavity. The numerical model is then modified to represent two-l greenhouse cavities with different numbers of spans. The computational fluid dynamic (CFD) software is then used to analyze mainly the natural convective heat transfer, velocity and temperature distributions for the single span greenhouse, as well as multi-span greenhouses (containing two and three spans). The greenhouse CFD model floor is heated, and the walls are adiabatic, corresponding to Rayleigh-Bénard convection. A mesh sensitivity analysis was conducted to determine a suitable size for the mesh. Results show that adding additional spans to the initial single-span cavity has a pronounced effect on the Nusselt-number distribution on the floor of the cavity. The temperature and velocity distributions were also significantly influenced. The four-span cavity showed three convective cells instead of four as for the lowest Rayleigh number.
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Dräger, Günter. "Spin Projection of Empty Partial Density of States by Resonant X-ray Scattering (RXS): Application to Materials with Different Magnetic Ordering." In X-RAY AND INNER-SHELL PROCESSES. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1536392.
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Mocofan, Muguras daniel. "LEARNING BY GAMES; A STUDY CASE OF THE COFFE PROJECT IMPLEMENTATION IN ROMANIA." In eLSE 2016. Carol I National Defence University Publishing House, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.12753/2066-026x-16-077.
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Introduction COFFE project proposes the transferring and modernizing an on-line tool "Simulation enterprise", dedicated to vocational school students which enables users to run virtual enterprise producing mobile phones and manage it in an environment reflecting real economic conditions. The game is concentrated on developing entrepreneurial skills and encouraging users to run in the future own business. The main aims and objectives are: o increasing knowledge on enterprise functioning and enterprise management, o raising awareness in the field of contemporary economic conditions in Poland and other partner countries, o helping game users to develop entrepreneurship and use this knowledge for learning and developing competences from areas: entrepreneurship, mathematics, ICT and foreign languages, o raising awareness among key stakeholders in the field of key competences which are necessary to possess to get employed. The COFFE PROJECT COFFE project is a partnership of six organizations and institutions, which are: educational institution (University of Economics and Innovation, Poland and GEA College, Slovenia), non-governmental organization (OIC Poland), counseling services and career guidance (CPIP Romania), chambers of commerce (Cambra Tarrasa from Spain) and research centres (RCI, Cyprus). The consortium partners are familiar with issues connected with developing entrepreneurial attitudes as well as experienced in multilateral projects within LLP Programme as all of them participated previously in LLP, either as leading partner or as a partner organization/institution. The project will cause an increase of entrepreneurial attitudes amongst young people (mainly vocational school students) and other interested in development their entrepreneurial skills, increase their knowledge from macro-economy as well as popularize using modern training methods (e-learning and simulation games) which are recently becoming more attractive and effective. Learning by games "Business Simulation" game system is the Internet application simulating realities of the contemporary market within the business realm. Games take place in the virtual world and reflect the basic rules and dependencies existing in the business world. Players play a role of owners of companies producing mobile phones. Their task is to start and develop their companies in the reality of competition with other enterprises of similar profile and run by other players. Competing on this difficult market requires a skillful management of the company's potential and resorting to cooperation with trade partners. The object of the game's simulated market are mobile phones. Each one is characterized by two features: quality level and functionality level. In the game, time runs in a constant manner. Its flow is measured in units called steps. The bigger unit applied is a period, which is a multiple of steps of the game. Notions of periods and steps may be respectively identified with months and days in the real world. In the game there is no equivalent of a year. The world in which the game takes place has its geographical properties. It is all divided into locations, each of which is situated in a given country and has its geographical coordinates. At the start of the game, all the business entities which require their headquarters are automatically located on the map. These are players' companies, clients, suppliers, warehouses and transport companies. It means that each company receives an investment plot on some country's territory and therefore the access to trade partners existing in a particular country. In order to enter into partnership with foreign companies, a player's company will have to establish a branch in a neighboring country. The screen describing a given branch of a player's company, presents a kind of magnification of a singular part of the world map. It also includes a list of organizational units which have their headquarters in this location together with providing their basic parameters. Below, there is also a component showing values of factors describing a given branch, such as being assigned to a given country, its parameters on the world map, a quantity of building plots and its value. An empty, newly bought investment plot includes several free building plots. A player decides on ways of its exploitation. Particular building plots in this location will be taken over by buildings belonging to organizational units. With the moment of its purchase, one of building plots is automatically taken over by an administration building which represents a workplace on managerial staff and administration. Furthermore, a company branch screen has an option of changing its name. Results The paper presents the study case of the implementation of the COFFE project in Romania. We present aspects about: o the developing of the on-line simulation game, designed for specific purpose and target group o the impact of this tool which will reflect economical conditions to the students o the use of modern technologies to make the training process as attractive as possible o the promotion of the entrepreneurship, innovativeness and self-employment
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Miller, Ryan, Marco Anghileri, Andrea DiRenzo, Jim Waterman, and Fabrizio Turconi. "Test and Analysis Methodology for Validating Crashworthiness of AW609 Tiltrotor." In Vertical Flight Society 78th Annual Forum & Technology Display. The Vertical Flight Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4050/f-0078-2022-17503.
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The AW609 tiltrotor is the first new class of air vehicle pursuing civil certification in over fifty years under FAA order 21.17B. The primary safety objective for crashworthiness for any aviation vehicle is to maximize the probability of survival and to minimize the probability of post-crash fires. A unique feature of the AW609 design is a high mounted wing above the fuselage, with nacelles at the end of the wing that contain heavy items of mass such as engines, rotor systems and transmissions. In order to create a viable aviation product with suitable empty weight fraction a controlled wing failure mechanism at the wing root is included to shed wing and nacelle mass in high g landing events. This allows for protection of the fuselage and the occupants up to the full regulatory vertical landing requirement of 12 g's. An analysis supported by test methodology is presented that includes explicit dynamic finite element modeling, coupon, element and full-scale drop testing of a full span AW609 wing. The objective of the testing is to characterize the equivalent quasi-static g level for damage initiation and progressive damage progression for the tested configuration, and to validate the associated analysis. The dynamic analysis, once validated by test, shall be used to analyze other weight and center of gravity combinations relevant to the anticipated AW609 mission profiles.