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Journal articles on the topic 'Employment duration'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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1

Smith, Eric. "Limited duration employment." Review of Economic Dynamics 10, no. 3 (July 2007): 444–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2007.01.001.

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2

Hughes, Melvin. "Duration Of Employment In Employment Discrimination Cases." Journal of Forensic Economics 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5085/jfe.10.1.73.

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3

Trout, Robert R. "Duration of Employment: Updated Analysis." Journal of Forensic Economics 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5085/0898-5510-16.2.201.

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4

Grossberg, Adam J., and Paul Sicilian. "Legal Minimum Wages and Employment Duration." Southern Economic Journal 70, no. 3 (January 2004): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4135335.

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5

Grossberg, Adam J., and Paul Sicilian. "Legal Minimum Wages and Employment Duration." Southern Economic Journal 70, no. 3 (January 2004): 631–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2004.tb00593.x.

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6

Horowitz, Joel L., and George R. Neumann. "Semiparametric estimation of employment duration models." Econometric Reviews 6, no. 1 (January 1987): 5–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07474938708800120.

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7

Belzil, Christian. "Unemployment Duration Stigma and Re-Employment Earnings." Canadian Journal of Economics 28, no. 3 (August 1995): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/136049.

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8

Trout, Robert R. "Duration Of Employment In Wrongful Termination Cases." Journal of Forensic Economics 8, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5085/0898-5510-8.2.167.

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9

Neumann. "Semi-parametric estimation of employment duration models." Econometric Reviews 6, no. 1 (January 1987): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07474938708800122.

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10

HcFadden, Daniel. "Semi parametric estimation of employment duration models." Econometric Reviews 6, no. 2 (January 1987): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07474938708800135.

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11

Cater, Bruce, and J. Barry Smith. "Inferring disability from post-injury employment duration." Applied Economics Letters 6, no. 11 (November 1999): 747–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/135048599352330.

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12

Dutt, Rachana, and Payal Mahajan. "Impact of Education, Socioeconomic Status and Employment on Breast Feeding duration among Nursing Mothers." NeuroQuantology 20, no. 5 (May 18, 2022): 733–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.14704/nq.2022.20.5.nq22230.

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Breastfeeding provides a number of benefits for both newborns and mothers. In any event, despite overwhelming evidence to the contrary, the occurrence of breast-feeding care has declined sharply. From the mother, bosom milk provides abundant and efficiently swallowed healthy components, cell reinforcements, chemicals, insusceptible characteristics, and living antibodies. Breastfeeding provides a number of advantages for both newborns and moms. Despite significant evidence to the contrary, breast-prevalence feeding's has remained low across the world. The goal of this study was to see how a mother's education affected her children, socioeconomic position, and employment on the length of time she breastfed her child. The current study was conducted in Delhi to determine the impact of a mother's education, employment, and socioeconomic level Breast-feeding duration in urban and rural nursing moms. A total of 200 breastfeeding mothers from the city and 200 lactating mothers from the countryside were considered for the study. A purposeful random inspection of data technique is used and collected directly from mothers occupying a tailored survey to assess the impact of the mother's education, employment, and socioeconomic level on the length of breast feeding. Following the data collection, the data will be properly categorized and organized under numerous headings. Information and attitude were used to code. Following that, the content and quantifiable research was completed using percentages.
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13

Atta ur Rahman, Adnan Khan, and Waseef Jamal. "Factors Affecting Duration of Unemployment among Young Graduates of Khyber Pakhtunkhwa (An Approach to Duration Analysis)." Global Social Sciences Review IV, no. II (April 23, 2019): 27–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.31703/gssr.2019(iv-ii).04.

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The study was designed to calculate the waiting time for employment for graduates in KP with respect to their level of education and specialization in the field. Contribution of demographic, socioeconomic status, language proficiency, job preferences, job search methods and nepotisms was also measured regarding thewaiting time for employment. Responses of 791 respondents collected through multi-stage non-probability sampling were analyzed with the help of the wellknown Kaplan Meier and Cox regression models and Cox proportional hazard models. The study concluded that a graduate waited for 15 months to be employed during the period 2003-2014. Age, language proficiency, level of education, specialization, language proficiency, nepotism and socio economic factors have significant influence on waiting time for employment. The study recommends the development of integrated frame work for information about trends of unemployment, career counseling and elimination of unemployment at national level.
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14

Kobayashi, Lindsay C., and Justin Michael Feldman. "Employment trajectories in midlife and cognitive performance in later life: longitudinal study of older American men and women." Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 73, no. 3 (November 23, 2018): 232–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/jech-2018-211153.

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BackgroundAlthough being employed during midlife is positively associated with cognitive function in later life, little is known with respect to cumulative trajectories or durations of time spent in different kinds of work.MethodsWe investigated the relationships between employment trajectory from ages 31 years to 50 years and cognitive skills at ages 50–78 years among 2521 adults in the US Panel Study of Income Dynamics from 1968 to 2016. Sequence analysis was used to identify prototypical employment trajectories, capturing employment status and high versus lower job skill level at each year of age from 31 years to 50 years. Adjusted and weighted logistic regression was used to estimate relationships between employment trajectory and performance on each of four cognitive tests representing numerical reasoning, verbal reasoning, health literacy and financial literacy. Dose–response relationships between the duration of high-skill employment and cognitive skills were examined.ResultsSeven prototypical employment trajectories were identified, the most common being consistently lower skill employment (44%; 1105/2521). Consistently high-skill and fluctuating skill trajectories were associated with high numerical reasoning scores (OR=1.54, 95% CI 0.99 to 2.40; OR=2.52, 95% CI 1.39 to 4.58, respectively), compared with consistently lower skill employment. There was a dose–response relationship between duration of high-skill employment and numerical reasoning (OR=1.17; 95% CI 1.06 to 1.28), plateauing after approximately 4 years of high-skill employment.ConclusionsSequence analysis of exposure trajectories is a novel method for life course epidemiology that accounts for exposure timing, duration and ordering. Our results using this method indicate that the duration may be more important than the timing of high-skill midlife employment for later-life numerical reasoning skills.
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15

Dunne, Timothy, and Mark J. Roberts. "The Duration of Employment Opportunities in U.S. Manufacturing." Review of Economics and Statistics 73, no. 2 (May 1991): 216. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/2109511.

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16

Theodossiou, Ioannis, and Grigoris Zarotiadis. "Employment and unemployment duration in less developed regions." Journal of Economic Studies 37, no. 5 (September 28, 2010): 505–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/01443581011075442.

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17

Choe, Chung, and Marjorie L. Baldwin. "Duration of disability, job mismatch and employment outcomes." Applied Economics 49, no. 10 (July 21, 2016): 1001–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1210767.

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18

Lichter, Andreas, and Amelie Schiprowski. "Benefit duration, job search behavior and re-employment." Journal of Public Economics 193 (January 2021): 104326. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jpubeco.2020.104326.

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19

Haapanen, Mika, and Hannu Tervo. "Self-employment duration in urban and rural locations." Applied Economics 41, no. 19 (August 2009): 2449–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840802360278.

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20

Noronha, Ernesto. "Duration Of Unemployment And Re-employment: Part — I." Management and Labour Studies 24, no. 2 (April 1999): 96–112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x9902400203.

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21

Noronha, Ernesto. "Duration of Unemployment and Re-employment: Part — II." Management and Labour Studies 24, no. 3 (July 1999): 150–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0258042x9902400301.

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22

Hui, Weng T., and P. K. Trivedi. "Duration dependence, targeted employment subsidies and unemployment benefits." Journal of Public Economics 31, no. 1 (October 1986): 105–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0047-2727(86)90073-3.

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23

Levin, Lynn I., Debra T. Silverman, Patricia Hartge, Thomas R. Fears, and Robert N. Hoover. "Smoking patterns by occupation and duration of employment." American Journal of Industrial Medicine 17, no. 6 (1990): 711–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/ajim.4700170606.

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24

Chang, Yu-Tzu, Fuhmei Wang, Wen-Yen Huang, Hsuan Hsiao, Jung-Der Wang, and Chang-Ching Lin. "Estimated Loss of Lifetime Employment Duration for Patients Undergoing Maintenance Dialysis in Taiwan." Clinical Journal of the American Society of Nephrology 16, no. 5 (April 15, 2021): 746–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2215/cjn.13480820.

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Background and objectivesAn accurate estimate of the loss of lifetime employment duration resulting from kidney failure can facilitate comprehensive evaluation of societal financial burdens.Design, setting, participants, & measurementsAll patients undergoing incident dialysis in Taiwan during 2000–2017 were identified using the National Health Insurance Research Database. The corresponding age-, sex-, and calendar year-matched general population served as the referents. The survival functions and the employment states of the index cohort (patients on dialysis) and their referents for each age strata were first calculated, and then extrapolated until age 65 years, where the sum of the product of the survival function and the employment states was the lifetime employment duration. The difference in lifetime employment duration between the index and referent cohort was the loss of lifetime employment duration. Extrapolation of survival function and relative employment-to-population ratios were estimated by the restricted cubic spline models and the quadratic/linear models, respectively.ResultsA total of 83,358 patients with kidney failure were identified. Men had a higher rate of employment than women in each age strata. The expected loss of lifetime employment duration for men with kidney failure was 11.8, 7.6, 5.7, 3.8, 2.3, 1.0, and 0.2 years for those aged 25–34, 35–40, 41–45, 46–50, 51–55, 56–60, and 61–64 years, respectively; and the corresponding data for women was 10.5, 10.1, 7.9, 5.6, 3.3, 1.5, and 0.3 years, respectively. The values for loss of lifetime employment duration divided by loss of life expectancy were all >70% for women and >88% for men across the different age strata. The sensitivity analyses indicated that the results were robust.ConclusionsThe loss of lifetime employment duration in patients undergoing dialysis mainly originates from loss of life expectancy.
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25

Schmieder, Johannes F., Till von Wachter, and Stefan Bender. "The Long-Term Effects of UI Extensions on Employment." American Economic Review 102, no. 3 (May 1, 2012): 514–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.102.3.514.

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The majority of papers analyzing the employment effects of unemployment insurance (UI) benefit durations focus on the duration of the first unemployment spell. In this paper, we make two contributions. First, we use a regression discontinuity design to analyze the long-term effects of extensions in UI durations. These estimates differ from standard estimates in that they incorporate differences in UI benefit receipt and employment due to recurrent unemployment spells. Second, we derive a welfare formula of UI extensions that incorporates recurrent nonemployment spells.
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26

Basha, L., and E. Gjika. "Accelerated failure time models in analyzing duration of employment." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2287, no. 1 (June 1, 2022): 012014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2287/1/012014.

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Abstract Parametric accelerated failure time models (AFT), that assess the relationship between the event times and dependent variables constitute an essential class of regression models. In this research we have used the accelerated failure time models: in particular, we have taken into consideration exponential distribution, Weibull distribution, log-logistic model and lognormal distribution, to analyze the duration of employment for employees that have been in their current job or otherwise known as job tenure. A variety of commercial and public companies in Albania were surveyed for this study. Initially the goal of the research is to find the optimal probability distribution to suit the data. Then, the accelerated failure time model is used to assess the impact of the predictors, such as: the employee's age, wages, the employee's age when he has started the job, sex, profession, academic degree, marital status and years of experience prior to this position, in job termination. The log-normal AFT model was the most accurate model for predicting the outcomes of the study, and from this model we can conclude that the employee's age, the employee's age when he has started the job, wages, academic degree and position in the company can affect how long someone stays employed.
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27

Neophytou, Andreas M., Sally Picciotto, Sadie Costello, and Ellen A. Eisen. "Occupational Diesel Exposure, Duration of Employment, and Lung Cancer." Epidemiology 27, no. 1 (January 2016): 21–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/ede.0000000000000389.

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28

Castro Silva, Hugo, and Francisco Lima. "Technology, employment and skills: A look into job duration." Research Policy 46, no. 8 (October 2017): 1519–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.respol.2017.07.007.

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29

Cueto, Begona, and Javier Mato. "An analysis of self-employment subsidies with duration models." Applied Economics 38, no. 1 (January 20, 2006): 23–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036840500367542.

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30

Nowacki, Krzysztof, and Szymon Pawlak. "Inconsistencies in the Production Process Resulting From the Employment Structure." New Trends in Production Engineering 2, no. 2 (December 1, 2019): 205–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ntpe-2019-0085.

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Abstract Underestimating the duration of the production process is one of the basic factors determining the occurrence of delays in the duration of individual operations included in the production process. Occurrence of underestimation of production time brings many negative effects, which include, among others: underestimation of the company’s production capacity, accumulation of intermediate stocks, impeded planning of the production process (scheduling of the production process) and increase of production costs. The problem of erroneous estimation of the duration of the production process is most often found in production plants specializing in serial or mass production, implemented in a parallel or series-parallel system. The basic causes that underestimate the duration of the production process include errors in production scheduling, incorrect determination of durations of individual operations carried out as part of the analyzed production process, complexity of production operations and employment structure. The occurrence of delays in the production process can also be affected by accident events that generate underestimation and costs for the enterprise (including social and economic costs). In many cases, many algorithms are used to reduce underestimation and optimization and scheduling of the entire production process. The publication presents an analysis of the production process in which the duration of the production process is underestimated, taking into account the employment structure in the manufacturing company. The analyzes allow to determine the level of underestimation of operations of the production process depending on the form of employment (steel workers – employed under a contract of employment in the production plant, and temporary workers employed by temporary work agencies), identification of the reasons for the underestimation of individual production positions and the length of their time occurrence.
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31

Duraj, Tomasz. "COOPERATIVE EMPLOYMENT CONTRACT AS THE BASIS FOR ESTABLISHING AN EMPLOYMENT RELATIONSHIP." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa specjalny, no. XXI (December 30, 2021): 261–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6116.

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The subject of the foregoing study is the characteristics of the cooperative employment contract, which is the basic form of employment of worker cooperatives members, and, in principle, is used only there. The legislator requires that, in addition to the cases laid down in the provisions of the Cooperative Law, the cooperative member is employed for the entire duration of the membership on the basis of a cooperative employment contract, which has a significant impact on the way in which the contract is concluded and its content. Pursuant to Article 182 of Cooperative Law, as soon as a person joins a worker cooperative, both the cooperative and its member are obliged to enter into and remain in a cooperative employment relationship with each other. Importantly, if the employment relationship is not established through the fault of the cooperative, the member may claim, for the entire duration of the membership, the conclusion of a cooperative employment contract, and apart from that, he may, within one year from the date of becoming a member, claim compensation under the provisions of civil law. These claims are subject to the cognition of the labour court.
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32

Pries, Michael J., and Richard Rogerson. "Declining Worker Turnover: The Role of Short-Duration Employment Spells." American Economic Journal: Macroeconomics 14, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 260–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/mac.20190230.

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Using the Quarterly Workforce Indicators database, we document that a significant amount of the decline in labor market turnover during the last two decades is accounted for by the decline in employment spells that last just one or two quarters. This phenomenon is pervasive: short-term employment spells have declined across industries, firm size categories, demographic groups, and geographic regions. Using a search-and-matching model in the Diamond-Mortensen-Pissarides tradition that incorporates noisy signals about the quality of a worker-firm match, we argue that improved screening by workers and firms can account for much of the decline in short-lived employment spells. (JEL E24, J23, J41, J63, M51)
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33

Firmanita, Syifa Dian, Ika Rosdiana, and Ulfah Dian Indrayani. "The Correlation between Duration of Employment, Body Posture and Smoking Habit on Low Back Pain Incidence An Analytic Observational Study Among Taxi Driver in Semarang Municipality." Sains Medika 6, no. 1 (June 7, 2015): 17. http://dx.doi.org/10.26532/sainsmed.v6i1.339.

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Introduction: Low back pain ((LBP) ranks as number two of neurological disease’s highest prevalence after cephalgia and migraine in Indonesia. Objective: This study aim to determine the relationship between duration of employment, body posture and smoking habit on the incidence of low back pain on taxi driver. Method: This research is an observational analytic cross sectional design. Seventyfour taxi drivers in Semarang municipality was screened with Beck’s Depression Inventory Scale to meet the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Respondents were then given Risk Factor of LBP questionnaire. Data were analyzed with a bivariate correlation test contingency coefficient to see the relationship between duration of employment, body posture, smoking habit and low back pain.Result: the taxi driver with duration of employment >10 years were moderate smokers and having astenis body posture. The analysis of correlation coefficients contingency test showed a significance relationship between duration of employment (p = 0,000), body posture (p = 0,000), and moderate smokers (p=0.010) with the incidence of LBP. Conclusion: the taxi driver with duration of employment >10 years with astenis body posture, and moderate smokers were posstively correlated with LBP.
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34

Tatsiramos, Konstantinos. "Unemployment Insurance in Europe: Unemployment Duration and Subsequent Employment Stability." Journal of the European Economic Association 7, no. 6 (December 2009): 1225–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jeea.2009.7.6.1225.

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35

Campolieti, Michele. "How accommodations affect the duration of post-injury employment spells." Journal of Labor Research 26, no. 3 (September 2005): 485–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12122-005-1016-2.

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36

Jordi, Catalina, and Miguel Manjón. "The determinants of urban (un)employment duration: evidence from Barcelona." Annals of Regional Science 53, no. 2 (August 26, 2014): 515–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s00168-014-0631-3.

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37

Kim, Jihyoung. "Relations among Maternal Employment, Depressive Symptoms, Breastfeeding Duration, and Body Mass Index Trajectories in Early Childhood." Journal of The Korean Society of Maternal and Child Health 24, no. 2 (April 30, 2020): 75–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.21896/jksmch.2020.24.2.75.

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Purpose: The present study aimed to examine the longitudinal associations among maternal employment, breastfeeding duration, and body mass index (BMI) trajectories in early childhood. Drawing from the process model of the determinants of parenting, this study particularly focused on the mediating role of depressive symptoms in these links.Methods: This study analyzed the data of 2,059 mothers and their children from the panel study on Korean children. A latent growth curve analysis was conducted to investigate the paths linking maternal employment to BMI trajectories during the preschool years.Results: Maternal employment was associated with low levels of depressive symptoms, which in turn predicted a longer duration of breastfeeding. Second, maternal employment had direct adverse effects on the breastfeeding duration. We also found that longer duration of breastfeeding contributed to the low levels of BMI in early childhood.Conclusion: The findings highlight the importance of maternal mental health and breastfeeding duration to prevent obesity in early childhood. Moreover, the results suggest that a distinct approach for working and stay-at-home mothers needs to be considered for the promotion of breastfeeding.
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38

Startienė, Gražina, and Rita Remeikienė. "EVALUATION OF THE IMPACT OF SELF-EMPLOYMENT FACTORS ON SELF-EMPLOYMENT DURATION IN THE COUNTRY WITH TRANSITION ECONOMY: A LITHUANIAN CASE." Technological and Economic Development of Economy 19, no. 1 (April 2, 2013): 125–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3846/20294913.2012.763073.

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The focus of this article is the factors of self-employment duration having the bidirectional effect (positive or negative) on a self-employed person. The research of the impact of bidirectional self-employment factors on self-employment direction has been encouraged by several reasons. Firstly, the scientific literature lacks of the research to focus on the factors motivating self-employment sustainability. The more abilities a person has to sustain self-employment activity, the more benefits he brings to the country (GDP creation, increase of employment, taxes paid) and his personal environment (ensured material well-being, good psychological state, realized objectives). Secondly, realising the impact of self-employment factors on self-employment duration, the government of the country can start application of the targeted business regulation measures that can help to increase the employment rate in the country. Using the methods of expert evaluation and correlation analysis, the impact of the highlighted self-employment factors on self-employment duration in the country with transition economy (Lithuanian case) has been evaluated: self-employment development is positively influenced by financial and non-financial business promotion measures, decreasing gross domestic product (GDP), extraversion, low level of neuroticism, openness, younger people, education andmarital status defined by having older children; it is negatively influenced by inflexible labour market, high unemployment rate, high income taxes and the immigrants. The article highlights the specificity of the country with transition economy considering the fact that business environment conditions in such countries are more difficult than in industrial countries.
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Jaworska, Katarzyna. "TEMPORARY EMPLOYMENT OF TEACHERS." Roczniki Administracji i Prawa specjalny, no. XXI (December 30, 2021): 479–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5604/01.3001.0015.6186.

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The employment of teachers is stable. The preferred legal form of performing work is an employment relationship for an indefinite period. Employment under a fixed-term employment contract is exceptionally permissible. The Teacher’s Charter identifies four such situations. This does not mean that temporary employment may last for many years. The legislator introduced special mechanisms limiting the duration of these contracts. Exceeding the limit indicated in the act results in the transformation by operation of law into an unlimited employment relationship. Also, unlawful entrustment of work for a specified period of time will result in the transformation of the employment relationship into an indefinite period.
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40

Frizka, Margaretta, and Tri Martiana. "HUBUNGAN ANTARA KARAKTERISTIK INDIVIDU UNIT KERJA DAN FAKTOR ERGONOMI DENGAN KELUHAN KESEHATAN DI INDUSTRI KECIL SEPATU KOTA MOJOKERTO." Indonesian Journal of Occupational Safety and Health 6, no. 3 (October 30, 2018): 371. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/ijosh.v6i3.2017.371-380.

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Study of health complaint for shoes makers have been made in UD Wardana Mojokerto City. The purpose of the study were to identify individual and enviromental factor associated with health complaint. This study was an observational descriptive with cross sectional approach. The respondents were all shoes makers that worked in UD Wardana Mojokerto city (N=28). Variables of this study were individual caracteristics (age, duration of employments, regular physical exercise, and smoking habit), work section, and ergonomic factors (work posture, static sitting, posture of sitting, static standing, and posture of standing). The data were collected and analyzed with chi – square and contingency coefficientThe results that most of the respondents were aged 19-27 years (46,43%),duration of employment 1-5 years (46,43%) didn’t take regular physical exercise (68,57%), and non smoker (78,57%). There were strong association between respiration complaint with age (C= 0,535), duration of employment (C= 0,509). Musculosceletal complaint with static sitting (C= 0,544), static standing (C= 0,559), and body posture (C= 0,559). From the findings, It is concluded that shoes makers have risk of musculoskeletal and respiratory complaints.Keywords: Ergonomic factors, health complaints, shoes makers, individual characteristics
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41

Whitley, Margaret D., Annie Ro, and Anton Palma. "Work, race and breastfeeding outcomes for mothers in the United States." PLOS ONE 16, no. 5 (May 5, 2021): e0251125. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0251125.

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Background In the United States, mothers’ employment status and occupation are related to breastfeeding. However, it is unclear whether not working leads to longer breastfeeding duration even when compared to professional/managerial jobs, which tend to accommodate breastfeeding better than service/manual labor jobs. Furthermore, occupation and breastfeeding are racially patterned, and it is possible that race could moderate the relationships between mother’s work and breastfeeding. Methods Using data from the Panel Study of Income Dynamics, we modeled breastfeeding duration based on mother’s employment/occupation (not working, professional/managerial work, or service/labor work) during the first 6 months postpartum, as well as mother’s race (White, Black or other) and other potential confounders. We used zero-inflated negative binomial regression models and tested an interaction between employment/occupation type and race. Predictive margins were used to compare breastfeeding duration among subgroups. Results Mothers working in service/labor occupations had the shortest breastfeeding duration of the three employment/occupation groups, and there was no significant difference in duration between not working and professional/managerial occupation. White mothers had longer breastfeeding duration than Black mothers on average. When we included an interaction between employment/occupation and race, we found that among White mothers, non-working mothers breastfed the longest, while mothers in service/labor work breastfed for the shortest duration, but among Black mothers, mothers in professional/managerial work breastfed for longer than mothers in the other two work categories. Discussion Race moderated the relationship between employment status/occupation type and breastfeeding such that, for White mothers, not working was the most advantageous circumstance for breastfeeding, in line with traditional work-family conflict theory. In contrast, for Black mothers, professional/managerial work was the most advantageous circumstance. These findings support the idea of the Market-Family Matrix, which allows that different work scenarios may be more or less advantageous for parenting behaviors like breastfeeding, depending on mothers’ circumstances.
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42

Hwang, Kwanghoon. "Analysis of Self-employment Duration and Exit of Young Self-employed." Journal of Skills and Qualifications 10, no. 3 (September 30, 2021): 53–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.35125/jsq.2021.10.3.053.

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박은주. "The employment duration at first return-to-work of injured workers." Korean Journal of Social Welfare Studies 45, no. 2 (June 2014): 123–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.16999/kasws.2014.45.2.123.

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Mueller, Andreas I., Johannes Spinnewijn, and Giorgio Topa. "Job Seekers’ Perceptions and Employment Prospects: Heterogeneity, Duration Dependence, and Bias." American Economic Review 111, no. 1 (January 1, 2021): 324–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1257/aer.20190808.

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Abstract:
This paper uses job seekers’ elicited beliefs about job finding to disentangle the sources of the decline in job-finding rates by duration of unemployment. We document that beliefs have strong predictive power for job finding, but are not revised downward when remaining unemployed and are subject to optimistic bias, especially for the long-term unemployed. Leveraging the predictive power of beliefs, we find substantial heterogeneity in job finding with the resulting dynamic selection explaining most of the observed negative duration dependence in job finding. Moreover, job seekers’ beliefs underreact to heterogeneity in job finding, distorting search behavior and increasing long-term unemployment. (JEL D83, E24, J22, J64, J65)
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Antoni, Manfred, and Elke J. Jahn. "Do Changes in Regulation Affect Employment Duration in Temporary Help Agencies?" ILR Review 62, no. 2 (January 2009): 226–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/001979390906200205.

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Nziramasanga, M., and M. Lee. "On the Duration of Self-Employment: The Impact of Macroeconomic Conditions." Journal of Development Studies 39, no. 1 (October 2002): 46–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00220380412331322661.

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Tur-Sinai, Aviad, Dmitri Romanov, and Noam Zussman. "The true effect of students’ employment on the duration of studies." Applied Economics 49, no. 33 (November 29, 2016): 3328–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00036846.2016.1259749.

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Cougnard, A., R. Goumilloux, F. Monello, and H. Verdoux. "85 – Characteristics associated with duration of employment after onset of schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research 98 (February 2008): 68–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.schres.2007.12.152.

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Gritz, R. Mark. "The impact of training on the frequency and duration of employment." Journal of Econometrics 57, no. 1-3 (May 1993): 21–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0304-4076(93)90057-c.

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Hotchkiss, Julie L. "The effect of transitional employment on search duration: A selectivity approach." Atlantic Economic Journal 27, no. 1 (March 1999): 38–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf02299176.

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