Academic literature on the topic 'Employment duration'

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Journal articles on the topic "Employment duration"

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Smith, Eric. "Limited duration employment." Review of Economic Dynamics 10, no. 3 (July 2007): 444–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.red.2007.01.001.

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Hughes, Melvin. "Duration Of Employment In Employment Discrimination Cases." Journal of Forensic Economics 10, no. 1 (January 1, 1997): 73–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.5085/jfe.10.1.73.

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Trout, Robert R. "Duration of Employment: Updated Analysis." Journal of Forensic Economics 16, no. 2 (March 1, 2003): 201–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.5085/0898-5510-16.2.201.

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Grossberg, Adam J., and Paul Sicilian. "Legal Minimum Wages and Employment Duration." Southern Economic Journal 70, no. 3 (January 2004): 631. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/4135335.

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Grossberg, Adam J., and Paul Sicilian. "Legal Minimum Wages and Employment Duration." Southern Economic Journal 70, no. 3 (January 2004): 631–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/j.2325-8012.2004.tb00593.x.

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Horowitz, Joel L., and George R. Neumann. "Semiparametric estimation of employment duration models." Econometric Reviews 6, no. 1 (January 1987): 5–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07474938708800120.

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Belzil, Christian. "Unemployment Duration Stigma and Re-Employment Earnings." Canadian Journal of Economics 28, no. 3 (August 1995): 568. http://dx.doi.org/10.2307/136049.

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Trout, Robert R. "Duration Of Employment In Wrongful Termination Cases." Journal of Forensic Economics 8, no. 2 (January 1, 1995): 167–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.5085/0898-5510-8.2.167.

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Neumann. "Semi-parametric estimation of employment duration models." Econometric Reviews 6, no. 1 (January 1987): 55–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07474938708800122.

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HcFadden, Daniel. "Semi parametric estimation of employment duration models." Econometric Reviews 6, no. 2 (January 1987): 257–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/07474938708800135.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Employment duration"

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Alkeireidis, Ali. "Employment duration and organisational commitment in the Saudi public sector." Thesis, Kingston University, 2003. http://eprints.kingston.ac.uk/20235/.

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The purpose of this study is to investigate the nature and role of organisational commitment among public sector employees in Saudi Arabia. The aim is to develop the public sector to accommodate the rapid growth in the number of employees. This is regarded as one of the most important challenges facing both sectors (public and private). Additionally, this study attempts to identify significant influences on organisational commitment in the public sector in Saudi Arabia. The selected variables are: personal factors (gender, age, level of education, income, marital status, experience); job characteristics (autonomy, skill variety, task identity, feedback and friendship opportunities); work environment (supervision, co-workers, company identification, physical work conditions and financial rewards). The questionnaire in this study was designed to obtain respondents' views in relation to commitment. It was distributed to 900 employees in the public sector in Saudi Arabia (male and female) at all Saudi ministries. The results of this study have indicated that: 1) The five personal variables (gender, age, nationality, marital status and income) have a negative relationship with organisational commitment, while education has a positive and significant relationship with organisational commitment. Experience has a poor relationship with organisational commitment. 2) Variables related to job characteristics (skill, task identity, friendship opportunity, feedback and autonomy) have a positive relationship with organisational commitment. 3) Work environment variables (company identification, co-workers, physical work conditions and financial rewards) have a positive and significant relationship with organisational commitment but supervision has a negative relationship with organisational commitment. The possible contributing factors to these findings were analysed. This study also investigates the feasibility of improving the level of organisational commitment among public sector employees in Saudi Arabia. Finally, recommendations are provided to improve organisational commitment among public sector employees and future areas for research are suggested.
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Lou, Zhijian 1957. "Determination of unemployment duration in Canada." Thesis, McGill University, 1999. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=36641.

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In an effort to explore various difficulties in the process of reemployment, the focus of this study is how, to what extent, and in what way length of unemployment duration is generated by the interplay between the structural characteristics of the labor market and the individual characteristics of unemployed workers. The structural resources are conceptualized in terms of (1) different types of reemployment, and (2) economic sectors. It turns out that the insertion of labor market structures into research on unemployment duration is quite valuable in improving our understanding of individual reemployment behavior.
The findings show that reemployment through job recalls is relatively easier than through job switches. Even though many unemployed workers remained to benefit from the structural buffer of internal labor markets in their struggle for reemployment, workers losing core-sector jobs are found to have more difficulty in switching to a new job relative to those losing peripheral jobs. The finding illustrates a critical weakness of internal labor markets in reallocating unemployed workers.
Furthermore, the impact of the labor market location of lost jobs is also observed in both the manner and the extent to which the individual attributes of unemployed workers affect the process of reemployment. (1) More education substantially improves the reemployment chances of workers losing core-services jobs, but not workers unemployed from other sectors. (2) The reemployment probability of workers losing core-services jobs is increased with an improvement in general education whereas the reemployment probabilities of workers losing core goods-production jobs tend to increase with an accumulation in firm-specific skills. (3) Men tend to maintain their reemployment advantage through their access to internal labor markets whereas women improve their reemployment probability by benefiting from job expansion in service industries. (4) Experienced core-service workers tend to have a shorter unemployment duration than young ones when their jobs are available for recall, whereas experienced peripheral goods production workers often have a competitive disadvantage in switching to a new job. And (5) UI benefits slow down the job-recall rate substantially but have little impact on the individual behavior of searching for a new job. The problem of timing termination of unemployment duration to coincide with exhaustion of UI benefits is much more severe for the job-recall rate than for the job-switch rate.
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Magnergård, Cecilia. "Redundancy duration and business alteration - Consequences of establishment closures in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Industriell ekonomi och organisation (Inst.), 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-124381.

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This thesis follows and analyses what happens to individuals who work at establishments that are closed down. I examine if and when the displaced workers are re-employed. Furthermore, I examine to what extent individuals have moved, changed industry of work, have started to commute or have become self-employed. Additionally I examine, if the workers become selfemployed after displacement, how many of them that does so within the same industry of work as they initially got displaced from. A unique longitudinal matched employer-employee data incorporating all firms, establishments and their employees in Sweden between the years 1997-2008 is used. All individuals between 25 and 55 years of age at the time of displacement that were displaced between 2000 and 2003 due to establishment closures are followed over a five-year period of time. Consistent with previous empirical research, it is shown that an absolute majority of the workers that are displaced one given year also recovers within that same year. The results moreover express that the longer the displaced workers are out of employment, the larger is the willingness to change industry of work, change municipality of living or move into self-employment. The willingness to commute is however found to be fairly constant over time. Finally, I find that those who become self-employed to a greater extent start business in other industries than they were displaced from as time passes.
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Young, Sammy G. "Part- and Full-Time Re-Employment Probabilities Over Unemployment Duration and the Business Cycle." Thesis, Harvard University, 2015. http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:17417582.

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This paper considers how the probabilities of transitioning from joblessness to part- versus full-time work change with the duration of joblessness and labor market conditions. Using 1996-2013 Survey of Income and Program Participation data, I estimate these transition probabilities using a Cox proportional hazard model. I find that as the duration of jobless spells increases, the monthly probability of transitioning to full-time employment declines faster than for part-time employment. Additionally, a one percentage point increase in the national unemployment rate is associated with a ten percent decrease in the probability of transitioning to full-time work but unrelated for part-time work. Consequently, the share of individuals transitioning from joblessness to part-time work increases with the duration of joblessness and with increasing labor market slack. Additional evidence suggests these increases are due to behavioral changes rather than unobserved heterogeneity. Finally, compared to their previous employment, individuals who transition from unemployment to part-time work also experience decreases in real hourly wages, private health-care coverage, and occupational skill level. These results provide motivation for considering non-wage aspects of job quality when studying re-employment from joblessness.
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Ros, Ingrid. "After establishment closure : Individual characteristics that determine re-employment probabilities of displaced workers in Sweden." Thesis, KTH, Entreprenörskap och Innovation, 2013. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-133296.

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This paper studies the relationship between individual characteristics of displaced workers and the probability of re-employment. A competing risks hazard model is used, distinguishing between exits from joblessness to self-employment and to paid-employment. All individuals between 25 and 55 years of age, at the time of displacement, that suffered from at least one year of joblessness after being displaced between 1990 and 1998 due to establishment closures that occurred between 1990 and 2001 are included. This allows for the closure procedure to be between one and three years long. Each individual is followed, from the year of displacement until the year of re-employment or at the latest, ten years after displacement. Semi-parametric estimation techniques for discrete time data are used, and in consistency with previous research the results show that subgroups of the jobless individuals experience different re-employment probabilities. The results suggest that a non-immigrant, high income-earner in the mid-thirties, with short tenure at the closing establishment, and who was not displaced early in the closure process and who has lived in the same city for a long time, faces the greatest probability of becoming re-employed. Furthermore, men and individuals with self-employment experience face lower probabilities of re-employment in paid-employments compared to their counterparts. This relationship is however reversed when studying the probability of leaving joblessness for self-employment. Men, immigrants, high income-earners, displaced from smaller establishments, previously self-employed and those with shorter tenure in previous employment are found to be more likely to enter self-employment than their counterparts. A positive duration dependency is prevalent in re-employment probability, suggesting that search activity is increased over time. The probability of self-employment entry is however decreasing the first years of joblessness following displacement, displaying an initial negative duration dependency.
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Wilkin, Kelly R. "Local Labor Market Scale, Search Duration, and Re-Employment Match Quality for U.S. Displaced Workers." Digital Archive @ GSU, 2012. http://digitalarchive.gsu.edu/econ_diss/89.

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Geographic space is an important friction preventing the instantaneous matching of unemployed workers to job vacancies. Cities reduce spatial frictions by decreasing the average distance between potential match partners. Owing to these search efficiencies, theories of agglomeration predict that unemployed workers in larger labor markets find employment faster than observationally similar workers in smaller markets. Existing studies rely on cross-sectional variation in aggregate unemployment rates across spatially distinct labor markets to test for scale effects in job search. A major difficulty with these studies is that the unemployment rate is, at any given time, simultaneously the incidence and duration of unemployment. Therefore, conclusions about unemployment exits using the unemployment rate are confounded by transitions into unemployment. This dissertation examines the relationship between market scale unemployment duration for permanently laid off workers in the U.S. Using a large sample of individual unemployment spells in 259 MSAs, proportional hazard model estimates predict a negative relationship between market scale and the hazard of exiting unemployment. This effect is strengthened when space is explicitly controlled for and measured with greater precision. These results are consistent with the hypothesis that search efficiencies lead workers to increase their reservation wages. 2SLS estimates show that re-employment earnings for permanently laid off workers increase with market scale after controlling for endogenous search duration. These effects are robust to standard controls, as well as controls for local labor market conditions. These results challenge the view that search efficiencies lead to lower unemployment rates through faster job-finding rates.
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Lanuza, Vanessa. "The Consequences of Mental Illness on Labor Market Decisions." Scholarship @ Claremont, 2013. http://scholarship.claremont.edu/cmc_theses/669.

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The existing literature finds negative associations between mental illness and labor market outcomes. Using data from the 2007 to 2011 National Health Interview Survey, this study examines the consequences of emotional (depression, anxiety, or other emotional problems) and psychological (ADD, bipolar disorder, schizophrenia, or other mental problems) problems on four aspects of labor market decisions: the probability of participating in the labor force, the likelihood of working full time, the average number of hours worked per week and annual earnings. In addition to analyzing the effects of either having or not having a mental illness, I also test if there is a relationship between the duration of having a mental illness and labor market behaviors. I find evidence to show that having an emotional or psychological problem has an adverse impacts on all four aspects of labor market outcomes. Additionally, the results suggest that unconditional on having a mental illness, duration has statistically significant effects on labor market behaviors, while conditional on having a mental illness, statistical significance is not as prevalent.
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Lariau, Bolentini Ana Isabel. "Essays in Macro-Labor:." Thesis, Boston College, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2345/bc-ir:107374.

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Thesis advisor: Sanjay K. Chugh
Thesis advisor: Fabio Schiantarelli
My doctoral research focuses on the role of labor market frictions in shaping macroeconomic outcomes. I am currently pursuing three main lines of research that constitute the three chapters of this dissertation. The first chapter focuses on involuntary part-time employment as an additional margin used by firms to adjust to business cycle fluctuations. The chapter documents empirical regularities of involuntary part-time employment in the U.S. and furnishes a tractable analytical framework for studying this phenomenon that has gained so much attention in the years that followed the Great Recession. In the second chapter, which is joint work with Sanjay Chugh, Ryan Chahrour and Alan Finkelstein-Shapiro, we study the labor market wedge in the context of a search and matching model to understand how static and dynamic inefficiencies change over the business cycle. Measuring the labor market wedge and understanding its sources of movement is of great importance from a macroeconomic point of view, as existing research shows it holds a prominent place in explaining fluctuations in aggregate output. Finally, in the third chapter I study empirically the determinants of the job finding probability, a key object in the context of frictional labor markets. More specifically, I analyze how decisions on time allocation by the unemployed affect their chances of finding a job, and identify the activities that make more likely for an unemployed individual to receive and accept a job offer. Chapter 1. In recent years researchers and policymakers have shown renewed interest in involuntary part-time employment as a crucial indicator of labor market health. The fact that individuals have part-time jobs even though they would be willing to work more hours is evidence that resources in the economy are not employed at full capacity. This group represents almost 40 percent of total underemployment. Despite its large size and importance to policy-makers, surprisingly little literature addresses the empirical regularities or economic role this margin plays in determining labor market outcomes. In "Underemployment and the Business Cycle" I address several questions regarding involuntary part-time employment. First, how does involuntary part-time employment differ from the standard extensive and intensive margins? Second, what factors influence the choice of firms to use involuntary part-time workers? Third, how might economic policy contribute to the existence of involuntary part-time employment in the economy? And, fourth, have there been any changes over time in the response of involuntary part-time employment to changes in aggregate economic conditions and, if so, what explains them? To describe the empirical regularities of involuntary part-time employment, I use detailed micro-level data from longitudinally-linked monthly files of the Current Population Survey. A novel finding that emerges from the analysis of this dataset is that wages of involuntary part-time workers display higher volatility and lower persistence than those of their full-time counterparts, thus indicating a higher degree of flexibility. In addition, I find that changes in involuntary part-time employment are mostly explained by reallocation of workers from full-time to part-time positions within the firm, which involves more than just a mere reduction in hours worked. I then aggregate the data and compute business cycle statistics. Surprisingly, I find that the behavior of involuntary part-time employment resembles the behavior of unemployment more than the one of full-time employment. In fact, the results indicate that involuntary part-time employment is very volatile and strongly countercyclical. To understand the evidence I find at the micro and macro levels, I build an augmented search and matching model of the labor market featuring full-time and part-time employment, and a production function that combines both types of workers. The decision of whether a worker is full-time or part-time is made entirely by the firm, depending on the realizations of both aggregate and idiosyncratic productivity processes. The model is able to deliver the countercyclicality of involuntary part-time employment found in the data. The key mechanism to obtain this result is the relatively higher flexibility of part-time contracts that makes it more profitable for the firm to reallocate workers from full-time to part-time arrangements during recessions. Based on the model that captures key empirical facts, I conduct policy analysis to evaluate the effect of an increase in the cost of health insurance on involuntary part-time employment. The policy experiment predicts that an increase in the cost of health insurance provided by the firm to its full-time workers, such that their share in average full-time wages goes up by 1 percentage point, leads to an increase of steady state involuntary part-time employment by 10 percent, which nowadays would be equivalent to half a million additional involuntary part-time workers. I find evidence that involuntary part-time employment has become more volatile and persistent in the last 25 years. I study the impact that innovation in workforce management practices, a process that started in the 1990s and that has increased the degree of substitutability between full-time and part-time workers, may have had in changing the response over time of involuntary part-time employment to business cycle fluctuations. Impulse response analysis from the model indicates that an increase in the degree of substitutability makes involuntary part-time employment more sensitive to aggregate productivity shocks. Chapter 2. In "The Labor Wedge: A Search and Matching Perspective" we define and quantify static and dynamic labor market wedges in a search and matching model with endogenous labor force participation. Existing literature has generally centered on Walrasian labor markets in characterizing the inefficiencies, or ``gaps'', between labor demand and labor supply. However, given the conventional view in the profession that the matching process plays an important role in the labor market, the neoclassically-measured labor wedge suffers from a misspecification problem as it ignores the role of long-lasting relationships in explaining the cyclical pattern of the labor wedge. To construct the wedge we use a rigorously defined transformation function of the economy, which contains both the matching technology and the neoclassical production technology. Both technologies are primitives of the economy in the sense that a Social Planner must respect both processes. Given the model-appropriate transformation frontier and the household's static and dynamic marginal rates of substitution, we use data on the labor force participation rate, the employment rate, the vacancy rate, real consumption, real government spending, and real GDP to construct static and dynamic labor wedges. We find that, in a version of the model where all employment relationships turn over every period, the static labor wedge is countercyclical, a result that is consistent with existing literature. Once we consider long-lasting employment relationships, we can measure both static and dynamic wedges separately. We then find that, while the static wedge continues to be countercyclical, the dynamic (or intertemporal) wedge is procyclical. Since the latter is associated with the vacancy-posting decision of the firm, this result suggests that understanding the behavior of labor demand may be crucial to explaining the dynamic wedge. Our focus so far has been on obtaining a quantitative measure of both the static and dynamic wedges, and on analyzing their business cycle properties. Now we are working on extending this framework to provide a micro-founded explanation of the forces that could be driving the cyclical movements of the wedges. Chapter 3. Recent research has found that individuals who become unemployed allocate most of their forgone working hours into leisure rather than increasing the time devoted to job search activities. What is the rationale behind this decision? There are many factors that may affect the job search behavior of the unemployed. However, in this study I focus on a particular channel: the decision on how unemployed individuals allocate their time could be biased towards activities that increase their probability of finding a job. They might find more valuable to increase their social activities rather than looking formally for a job because this enhances their network, which could increase their chances of finding a job, even with less search effort. In "The Time Use Decisions of the Unemployed: A Survival Analysis", I conduct a duration analysis to estimate the effect of different time use allocations on the unemployment hazard rate using time use data from the Survey of Unemployed Workers in New Jersey. Defining "finding a job" as a failure, I estimate a single-spell, discrete-time duration model of unemployment with time-varying covariates using semi-parametric techniques. Given that I work with interval-censored data, I conduct the analysis using discrete time survival analysis techniques. The results indicate that education/training activities have a significant and positive impact on the hazard rate, i.e. they increase the probability that an unemployed worker finds a job, while leisure has the opposite effect. Furthermore, neither job-search nor networking have a significant effect on the hazard rate in the baseline specification. However, this result changes when incorporating into the regression interaction terms of these variables with a dummy that takes the value one if the individual is a long-term unemployed and zero otherwise. In this case, the coefficient associated with networking becomes positive and significant, while the coefficient of the interaction term is negative. This implies that networking has a positive effect on the hazard rate for short unemployment spells, but this effect weakens if the individual has been unemployed for a longer period. On the other hand, even after incorporating the interaction term, job search remains insignificant. These findings shed light on why individuals may not want to devote additional time to formal job search: it does not pay off with a higher likelihood of receiving a job offer, regardless of the length of the unemployment spell. On the other hand, other activities, such as investing in education or networking, are positively related to the probability of finding a job -- at least for short unemployment spells -- and thus it makes more sense for these individuals to devote more time to them
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Takafo-Kenfack, Didier. "La sécurité de l'emploi dans l'entreprise." Thesis, Poitiers, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014POIT3019.

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Socle des revenus et de la stabilité politique, l'emploi est l'instrument par lequel l'Homme s'épanouit et acquiert une place en société. Il fait l'objet de constantes interventions législatives en vue de permettre au salarié de faire pleinement carrière dans l'entreprise. On a vu ces dernières décennies diverses actions assurant non seulement au salarié la permanence du rapport contractuel, mais également, celles visant à le protéger contre la perte de l'emploi. Il en est ainsi dans la majorité des systèmes juridiques, notamment en France et dans les pays de l'espace OHADA tels que le Cameroun où les pouvoirs publics s'efforcent de conduire des reformes visant à pérenniser le rapport contractuel. Ces mesures prennent de l'importance à la naissance même de la relation de travail. Durant celle-ci, interviennent la suspension, la formation professionnelle et la règle du maintien des contrats en cas de restructuration, en vue de parvenir à l'impératif de stabilité des emplois. Il en est également des diverses dispositions visant à protéger l'emploi contre les risques de perte pouvant provenir de l'employeur. Cette étude a pour objet l'analyse des techniques de protection du rapport contractuel. Elle retrace l'ensemble des mesures préconisées pour garantir la conservation de l'emploi dans l'entreprise, fait ressortir des insuffisances et propose quelques solutions
Basis of income and political stability, employment is the gateway through which man gets his roots and acquires a place in society. It is the object of constant legislative intervention in order to assist the worker to fully exercise his career in the enterprise. We have seen these last decades diverse actions geared towards not only assuring to the worker the stability of contractual relations, but equally actions to guarantee him against loss of employment. It is thus the case in a majority of legal systems, notably France and within the OHADA sphere such as Cameroon where the State authorities are striving to drive reforms aimed at preserving contractual relationship. These measures gain importance during the establishment of the employment contract. During the execution of the relationship, involved the suspension, professional training and maintaining the rule of contracts in the event of restructuring in order to achieve the imperative of job stability. It is equally same for various dispositions aimed at protecting employment against the risk of loss which could result from the employer. This study aims to analyze the different techniques of protection of contractual relationship. It relates the recommended possible ways to secure jobs in the enterprise. However, it also displays the insufficiencies and proposes some solutions
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Paget, David. "Contribution à l'étude du salariat sportif." Thesis, Montpellier 1, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON10013.

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Occupant une place essentielle dans la société, le sport ne pouvait échapper plus longtemps au droit, en particulier le sportif professionnel. Le statut social du sportif, acteur central du spectacle sportif, fait l'objet d'une construction de plus en plus élaborée, car nécessaire. Le régime du salariat sportif, qui se limite aux contrats conclus entre les sportifs professionnels et les clubs sportifs, sans que l'on puisse les assimiler à des artistes, obéit à la fois aux droits étatique et communautaire, mais également aux pouvoirs sportifs, que ce soit la réglementation ou la justice sportive. La spécificité du salariat sportif repose sur ce pluralisme juridique, de sources et d'organes de justice, avec l'intégration dans le régime social du sportif de la norme sportive. Le droit du travail est particulièrement propice à une telle intégration, notamment la place qu'il fait à la négociation collective et au principe de faveur. Le juge y participe également en reconnaissant cette spécificité. Cette spécificité s'exprime tant au niveau de la formation du contrat, que de son exécution ou de sa rupture. Les pratiques des transferts, des prêts, de l'homologation des contrats ou des réglementations contre le dopage attestent de celle-ci
Occupying an essential place in the society, the sport could escape no longer the law, in particular the sportsman become professional. The social status of the sportsman, the central actor of the sports show, is the object of a more and more elaborated construction, because necessary. The regime of the sports wage-earner, who limits himself to the contract between the professional sportsmen and the sports clubs, without that we can assimilate them to artists, obeys at once the state and community rights, but also the sports powers, whether it is the regulations and the sports justice. The specificity of the sports wage-earner bases on this legal pluralism, in sources and in organs of justice, with the integration in the social diet of the sportsman of the sports standard. The labor law is particularly convenient to such an integration, in particular the place which it makes for the collective bargaining and for the principle of favour. The judge also participates in it by recognizing this specificity. This specificity expresses himself both at the level of the formation of the contract, and of its execution or of its break. The practices of transfers, loans, ratification of contracts or regulations against the doping give evidence of this one
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Books on the topic "Employment duration"

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Council, Northern Ireland Economic. The duration of LEDU assisted employment. [Belfast]: The Council, 1985.

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Holmlund, Bertil. Trade unions, employment and unemployment duration. Oxford: Clarendon, 1989.

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Karl-Gustaf, Löfgren, and Engström Lars, eds. Trade unions, employment, and unemployment duration. Oxford [England]: Clarendon Press, 1989.

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Council, Northern Ireland Economic. The duration of industrial development maintained employment. Belfast: Northern Ireland Economic Development Office, 1985.

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Abraham, Katharine G. Changes in unemployment duration and labor force attachment. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, 2001.

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Tatsiramos, Konstantinos. Unemployment insurance in Europe: Unemployment duration and subsequent employment stability. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2006.

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Tristao, Ignez M. Occupational employment risk and its consequences for unemployment duration and wages. Washington, D.C: Congressional Budget Office, 2007.

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Cahill, Kevin E. Employment patterns and determinants among older individuals with a history of short-duration jobs. Washington, D.C.]: U.S. Dept. of Labor, U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics, Office of Productivity and Technology, 2010.

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Peter, Gottschalk. Can work disincentives shorten the duration of job search? [Madison]: University of Wisconsin-Madison, 1986.

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Zijl, Marloes. Stepping stones for the unemployed: The effect of temporary jobs on the duration until regular work. Bonn, Germany: IZA, 2004.

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Book chapters on the topic "Employment duration"

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Richardson, J. Henry. "Duration of Unemployment." In Industrial Employment and Unemployment in West Yorkshire, 95–97. London: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003253969-8.

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Santos, Danilo Braun, Alexandre Ribeiro Leichsenring, Naercio Aquino Menezes Filho, and Wesley Mendes-Da-Silva. "Income Distribution and Duration of Poverty-Level Employment." In Individual Behaviors and Technologies for Financial Innovations, 117–41. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-91911-9_6.

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Staneva, Mila. "Empirical Analysis II: The Effects of Student Work on Academic Performance and Study Duration." In Employment alongside Bachelor’s Studies in Germany, 131–58. Wiesbaden: Springer Fachmedien Wiesbaden, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-658-31298-5_7.

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Brown, H. Shelton, Adriana Pérez, Lisa M. Yarnell, Craig Hanis, Susan P. Fisher-Hoch, and Joseph McCormick. "Diabetes and Employment Productivity: The Effect of Duration and Management Among Mexican Americans*." In Aging, Health, and Longevity in the Mexican-Origin Population, 173–81. Boston, MA: Springer US, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4614-1867-2_13.

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Cabrelli, David. "Duration, Lawful Termination, and Frustration of the Employment Contract." In The Contract of Employment, 515–36. Oxford University Press, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780198783169.003.0024.

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Auer, Peter, and Sandrine Cazes. "Employment Stability and Flexibility in Industrialized Countries: the Resilience of the Long Duration Employment Relationship." In Labour Market and Social Protection Reforms in International Perspective, 91–96. Routledge, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781315251004-4.

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Rank, Mark Robert, Lawrence M. Eppard, and Heather E. Bullock. "Poverty Spells Are Short but Frequent." In Poorly Understood, 24–31. Oxford University Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190881382.003.0004.

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Chapter 4 examines the dynamics of poverty spells. The time spent living in poverty tends to be of fairly short duration, generally less than 3 years. Poverty entrances and exits are most often caused by changes in employment status and financial resources, as well as changes in family structure and health status. While spells of poverty tend to be short, the likelihood of returning to poverty at some point during adulthood is high. In addition, the use of a social safety net program tends to be of short duration but frequent.
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Hill-Saya, Blake, G. K. Butterfield, and C. Eileen. "The Great War at Home and Abroad." In Aaron McDuffie Moore, 195–98. University of North Carolina Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.5149/northcarolina/9781469655857.003.0022.

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When World War I broke out in 1914, Dr. Moore got involved in the war effort. The Department of Labor picked North Carolina to be the first state for implementation of a program to promote the success of Black wage earners. The U.S. Employment Service appointed Moore “Supervisor for Negro Economics” and special agent of the Employment Service for the entire duration of WWI. Throughout his tenure, Moore focused on education, reasonable hours, and fair contracts. At the end of the war, John Merrick died.
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McKinney, Chelsea O., Jennifer Hahn-Holbrook, P. Lindsay Chase-Lansdale, Sharon L. Ramey, Julie Krohn, Maxine Reed-Vance, Tonse N. K. Raju, and Madeleine U. Shalowitz. "Racial and Ethnic Differences in Breastfeeding." In Breastfeeding: Support, Challenges, and Benefits, 74–84. American Academy of Pediatrics, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/9781610022873-racial.

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OBJECTIVES Breastfeeding rates differ among racial/ethnic groups in the United States. Our aim was to test whether racial/ethnic disparities in demographic characteristics, hospital use of infant formula, and family history of breastfeeding mediated racial/ethnic gaps in breastfeeding outcomes. METHODS We analyzed data from the Community and Child Health Network study (N = 1636). Breastfeeding initiation, postnatal intent to breastfeed, and breastfeeding duration were assessed postpartum. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to estimate relative odds of breastfeeding initiation, postnatal intent, and duration among racial/ethnic groups and to test the candidate mediators of maternal age, income, household composition, employment, marital status, postpartum depression, preterm birth, smoking, belief that “breast is best, ” family history of breastfeeding, in-hospital formula introduction, and WIC participation. RESULTS Spanish-speaking Hispanic mothers were most likely to initiate (91%), intend (92%), and maintain (mean duration, 17.1 weeks) breastfeeding, followed by English-speaking Hispanic mothers (initiation 90%, intent 88%; mean duration, 10.4 weeks) and white mothers (initiation 78%, intent 77%; mean duration, 16.5 weeks); black mothers were least likely to initiate (61%), intend (57%), and maintain breastfeeding (mean duration, 6.4 weeks). Demographic variables fully mediated disparities between black and white mothers in intent and initiation, whereas demographic characteristics and in-hospital formula feeding fully mediated breastfeeding duration. Family breastfeeding history and demographic characteristics helped explain the higher breastfeeding rates of Hispanic mothers relative to white and black mothers. CONCLUSIONS Hospitals and policy makers should limit in-hospital formula feeding and consider family history of breastfeeding and demographic characteristics to reduce racial/ethnic breastfeeding disparities.
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Sergio, Gamonal C., and César F. Rosado Marzán. "Continuity." In Principled Labor Law, 119–44. Oxford University Press, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780190052669.003.0005.

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Chapter 5 describes the principle of continuity, also called the principle of “stability” or “permanence,” in Argentina, Brazil, Chile, and Uruguay. The principle presumes employment contracts of indefinite duration where employers must provide cause to terminate the contract. The chapter describes how continuity provides judges and other adjudicators with the authority to protect workers against unfair dismissal, reinforce employer obligations despite contract modification and successorship, and reform precarious contracts into standard contracts of employment. The chapter then describes the uneven and weaker presence of continuity in the United States due to employment at will. It argues that employment at will needs to be derogated by statute, likely state by state. But despite the need to derogate employment at will, the chapter also underscores that about 15 percent of the U.S. workforce, that one employed in the public sector and in the unionized private sector, is not covered by employment at will. Moreover, even under employment at will, many private sector employees are covered by antidiscrimination, antiretaliation, tort, and public policies that together concoct a law of wrongful dismissal. Hence, while weak and uneven, some form of employment stability does pervade in the United States.
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Conference papers on the topic "Employment duration"

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Agarwal, Ritu, Prabuddha De, and Thomas W. Ferratt. "Explaining an IT professional's preferred employment duration." In the 2002 ACM SIGCPR conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/512360.512364.

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Fahim, Ayman. "P287 Employment duration and lung function parameters among shipbuilding welders." In Occupational Health: Think Globally, Act Locally, EPICOH 2016, September 4–7, 2016, Barcelona, Spain. BMJ Publishing Group Ltd, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/oemed-2016-103951.602.

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Agarwal, Ritu, Prabuddha De, and Thomas W. Ferratt. "How long will they stay? Predicting an IT professional's preferred employment duration." In the 2001 ACM SIGCPR conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/371209.371226.

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Rochani, Dewi. "The Effects of Children's Age on the Non-employment Duration of Married Women In Indonesia." In 2nd International Conference on Indonesian Economy and Development (ICIED 2017). Paris, France: Atlantis Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.2991/icied-17.2018.12.

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Laface, Valentina, Elzbieta M. Bitner-Gregersen, Felice Arena, and Alessandra Romolo. "A Parameterization of DNV GL Storm Profile for Long-Term Analysis of Ocean Storms: Trapezoidal Storm Model." In ASME 2019 38th International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2019-95880.

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Abstract The paper introduces a parameterization of the DNV GL storm profile for developing an analytical model for calculations of the return period of a storm whose peak exceeds a given threshold. The DNV GL storm evolution is represented via an isosceles trapezoidal shape in which the minor base represents the storm peak duration, the major base the total storm duration and the height is half of the highest significant wave height in the actual storm. In this representation, the storm duration is not related to the storm intensity and it is fixed constant and equal to 42 hours, while the peak duration is assumed to be 6 hours. The parameterization proposed in the paper consists in expressing the peak duration as a fraction of the total storm duration allowing to investigate the effects of storm peak duration on long term estimates. The analytical solution for the return period is derived by following the classical approach of Equivalent Storm Models that is referring to the equivalent storm sequence, with the only difference that all the Trapezoidal Storm durations are identical whatever the storm intensity is. This assumption leads to significant simplification on the model development and potential employment as well. Further, a closed form solution is achieved for the return period which is also a generalization of the triangular shape. Finally, data analysis with NDBC buoys data is carried out for validating the model and elucidating analogies and differences with respect to classical Equivalent Storm approach. Results have shown that the Trapezoidal Model can be thought as a triangular one with a prudential factor on the storm peak duration which results in a reasonable overestimation of maximum expected wave height and return values.
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Afriyanti, Neta, Eti Poncorini Pamungkasari, and Hanung Prasetya. "The Effect of Hormonal Contraceptive Use on the Risk of Depression in Women of Reproductive Age: Evidence from Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta." In The 7th International Conference on Public Health 2020. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.121.

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ABSTRACT Background: Estrogen and progesterone hormones have been hypothesized to play a role in the cause of depressive symptoms in female. Clinical studies have indicated that changes in estrogen levels may trigger depressive episodes among women at risk for depression. A previous study found that use of combined oral contraceptives among women who previously had experienced emotional adverse effects resulted in mood deterioration and changes in emotional brain reactivity. This study aimed to examine the effect of hormonal contraceptive use on the risk of depression in women of reproductive age. Subjects and Method: A cross-sectional study was carried out in Gunungkidul, Yogyakarta. A sample of 200 women of reproductive age was selected by purposive sampling. The dependent variable was depression symptom. The independent variables were age, education, duration of contraceptive use, type of contraceptive use, employment, and family income. Depression symptom was measured by Beck Depression Inventory II (BDI II). The other variables were collected by questionnaire. The data were analyzed by a multiple logistic regression run on Stata 13. Results: Depression symptoms increased with hormonal contraception (OR= 3.74; 95% CI= 1.61 to 8.65; p= 0.001) and duration of contraceptive use ≥36 months (OR= 6.33; 95% CI= 2.36 to 16.97; p <0.001). Depression symptoms decreased with age ≥29 years (OR= 0.12; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.34; p <0.001), family income ≥Rp 1,571,000 (OR= 0.10; 95% CI= 0.04 to 0.24; p <0.001), education ≥Senior high school (OR= 0.18; 95% CI= 0.07 to 0.45; p<0.001), and working at home (OR= 0.37; 95% CI= 0.16 to 0.83; p= 0.016). Conclusion: Depression symptoms increase with hormonal contraception and duration of contraceptive use ≥36 months. Depression symptoms decrease with age ≥29 years, family income ≥Rp 1,571,000, education ≥Senior high school, and working at home. Keywords: hormonal contraceptive, depression Correspondence: Neta Afriyanti. Masters Program in Public Health, Universitas Sebelas Maret. Jl. Ir. Sutami 36 A, Surakarta 57126, Central Java. Email: neta.friyanti16@gmail.com DOI: https://doi.org/10.26911/the7thicph.03.121
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Brooker, Jennifer, and Daniel Vincent. "The Australian Veterans' Scholarship Program (AVSP) Through a Career Construction Paradigm." In Tenth Pan-Commonwealth Forum on Open Learning. Commonwealth of Learning, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56059/pcf10.4380.

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In Australia, 6000 military personnel leave the military each year, of whom at least 30% become unemployed and 19% experience underemployment, figures five times higher than the national average (Australian Government 2020). Believed to be one of life's most intense transitions, veterans find it difficult to align their military skills and knowledge to the civilian labour market upon leaving military service (Cable, Cathcart and Almond 2021; AVEC 2020). // Providing authentic opportunities that allow veterans to gain meaningful employment upon (re)entering civilian life raises their capability to incorporate accrued military skills, knowledge, and expertise. Despite acknowledging that higher education is a valuable transition pathway, Australia has no permanently federally funded post-service higher education benefit supporting veterans to improve their civilian employment prospects. Since World War II, American GIs have accessed a higher education scholarship program (tuition fees, an annual book allowance, monthly housing stipend) (Defense 2019). A similar offering is available in Canada, the UK, and Israel. // We are proposing that the AVSP would be the first comprehensive, in-depth study investigating the ongoing academic success of Australia's modern veterans as they study higher and vocational education. It consists of four distinct components: // Scholarships: transitioning/separated veterans apply for one of four higher education scholarship options (under/postgraduate): 100% tuition fees waived // $750/fortnight living stipend for the degree duration // 50/50 tuition/living stipend // Industry-focused scholarships. // Research: LAS Consulting, Open Door, Flinders University, over seven years, will follow the scholarship recipients to identify which scholarship option is the most relevant/beneficial for Australian veterans. The analysis of the resultant quantitative and qualitative data will demonstrate that providing federal financial support to student veterans studying higher education options: Improves the psychosocial and economic outcomes for veterans // Reduces the need for financial and medical support of participants // Reduces the national unemployed and underemployed statistics for veterans // Provides a positive return of investment (ROI) to the funder // May increase Australian Defence Force (ADF) recruitment and retention rates // Career Construction: LAS Consulting will sit, listen, guide, and help build an emotional connection around purpose, identity, education and employment opportunities back into society. So, the veteran can move forward, crystalise a life worth living, and find their authentic self, which is led by their values in the civilian world. // Mentoring: Each participant receives a mentor throughout their academic journey.
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Vinichenko, Victoria А., and Yulija А. Masalova. "The demand for the quality of human resources in the context of changing generational groups." In Sustainable and Innovative Development in the Global Digital Age. Dela Press Publishing House, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.56199/dpcsebm.juft9241.

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The purpose of the study: to substantiate the factors and constraints that determine the request for human resource characteristics by employers. Data analyses, generalization, synthesis, method of age shifting were used as methods of research. A number of prerequisites that change the duration of the period of labor activity are analyzed: reform of the education system and the pension system of the Russian Federation; socio-economic transformations; sanctions restrictions; specificity of generations, etc. The considered prerequisites determine the presence of factors influencing the peculiarities of the processes in human resource management of the organization. It is hypothesized that internal factors are controllable and have a greater influence on the choice of human resource policy in the context of digital transformation. The professional and qualification structure of generational groups is presented in the nexus of generational shifts in the labor market. The results of the study suggest that sanctions will have a negative impact on the employment conditions of workers. There are gaps between the professional training of specialists and the demands of employers, who create alternative forms of training to meet their needs. The novelty of the study lies in the analysis of the current situation in the Russian labor market and the conclusions about the need to provide new formats of interaction between universities and business.
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Radu, Liliana-Elisabeta, Ileana-Monica Popovici, Renato-Gabriel Petrea, and Alexandru-Rares Puni. "The Physical Activity Level and Reaction Time During Covid 19 Pandemic." In 79th International Scientific Conference of University of Latvia. University of Latvia, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.22364/htqe.2021.87.

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The outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic has a huge global impact in terms of public health, economic activities, employment, psychological and social life. The educational system had to adapt to the conditions imposed by avoiding the spread of coronavirus among pupils and students. The purpose of this study is to find out if the level of physical activity influence the reaction time using dominant and non-dominant hand. We collected data from 83 students (age ranged between 15–24 years; M = 49, f = 34) who participated to the study voluntarily. To measure physical activity index we have used three items about type of physical activity performed, frequency and duration. In addition, to measure reaction time we have used Reaction Time Test and Aim Trainer Test. Each student completed and assessed himself the questionnaire and the tests online. Data were recorded and analysed in SPSS (version 20.0). The level of physical activity relieved that 18,1% of subjects are very active, 26,5% are active, 20,5% have an acceptable level of physical activity, 12% are insufficient active, and 22,9% are sedentary. The values of reaction time for both tests are fastest for subjects with insufficient level of physical activity for dominant hand. The sedentary person are fasted reaction time with non-dominant hand in Reaction Time Test, and the very active subjects are fasted reaction time in Aim Trainer Test. The results has limitations, conducted by speed of Internet connection, and type of devise used in performing tests.
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Cubas Cano, Javier, Santiago Pindado Carrión, Elena Roibás Millán, Javier Pérez Álvarez, Ángel Sanz Andrés, Sebastián Franchini, Isabel Pérez Grande, et al. "An example of Space Engineering Education in Spain: a master in space based on Project-Based Learning (PBL)." In Symposium on Space Educational Activities (SSAE). Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5821/conference-9788419184405.036.

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This work describes the successful education experience for five years of space engineering education at the Universidad Politécnica de Madrid (UPM), Madrid, Spain. The MSc. in Space Systems (MUSE, Máster Universitario en Sistemas Espaciales) is a 2-year and 120-ECTS (European Credit Transfer and Accumulation System) master program organized by the Microgravity Institute ‘Ignacio Da Riva’ (IDR/UPM), a research institute of UPM with extensive experience in the space sector. The teaching methodology is oriented to Project Based Learning (PBL), taking advantage of the IDR/UPM Institute experience. The main purposes are to share the IDR/UPM knowledge with the students and promote their collaboration with several space scientific institutions, both national and international. In the present work, the most relevant characteristics of this master program are described, highlighting the importance of the student’s participation in actual missions. In addition, to offer practical cases in all aspects of satellite development, the IDR/UPM decided to create its own satellite development program, the UPMSats. The latest, the UPMSat-2, is an educational, scientific, and in-orbit technological demonstration microsatellite (50 kg-class) that was launched in September 2020 on-board a Vega launcher (VV-16 flight). MUSE students have participated in all phases of the mission, from design to integration, calibration, and testing, and (at present) in-orbit operation. The construction of a microsatellite, although it exceeds in time the academic duration of the master, has proven to be a very interesting and versatile tool for PBL education, since it provides practical cases at all levels of development. Furthermore, the continuity of the project encourages graduated students to continue their education with a Ph.D. and the collaboration of master and doctoral students. These reasons have made MUSE one of the most successful academic programs in space systems engineering in Spain, with high employment rates in the most prestigious space engineering institutions
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Reports on the topic "Employment duration"

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Pries, Michael, and Richard Rogerson. Declining Worker Turnover: the Role of Short Duration Employment Spells. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, June 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w26019.

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Mueller, Andreas, Johannes Spinnewijn, and Giorgio Topa. Job Seekers' Perceptions and Employment Prospects: Heterogeneity, Duration Dependence and Bias. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w25294.

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Ham, John, Xianghong Li, and Lara Shore-Sheppard. Seam Bias, Multiple-State, Multiple-Spell Duration Models and the Employment Dynamics of Disadvantaged Women. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, July 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w15151.

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Hunt, Jennifer. Determinants of Non-employment and Unemployment Durations in East Germany. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, May 1999. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w7128.

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Ham, John, and Robert LaLonde. Estimating the Effect of Training on Employment and Unemployment Durations: Evidence From Experimental Data. Cambridge, MA: National Bureau of Economic Research, November 1991. http://dx.doi.org/10.3386/w3912.

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Mayfield, Colin. Higher Education in the Water Sector: A Global Overview. United Nations University Institute for Water, Environment and Health, May 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.53328/guxy9244.

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Higher education related to water is a critical component of capacity development necessary to support countries’ progress towards Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) overall, and towards the SDG6 water and sanitation goal in particular. Although the precise number is unknown, there are at least 28,000 higher education institutions in the world. The actual number is likely higher and constantly changing. Water education programmes are very diverse and complex and can include components of engineering, biology, chemistry, physics, hydrology, hydrogeology, ecology, geography, earth sciences, public health, sociology, law, and political sciences, to mention a few areas. In addition, various levels of qualifications are offered, ranging from certificate, diploma, baccalaureate, to the master’s and doctorate (or equivalent) levels. The percentage of universities offering programmes in ‘water’ ranges from 40% in the USA and Europe to 1% in subSaharan Africa. There are no specific data sets available for the extent or quality of teaching ‘water’ in universities. Consequently, insights on this have to be drawn or inferred from data sources on overall research and teaching excellence such as Scopus, the Shanghai Academic Ranking of World Universities, the Times Higher Education, the Ranking Web of Universities, the Our World in Data website and the UN Statistics Division data. Using a combination of measures of research excellence in water resources and related topics, and overall rankings of university teaching excellence, universities with representation in both categories were identified. Very few universities are represented in both categories. Countries that have at least three universities in the list of the top 50 include USA, Australia, China, UK, Netherlands and Canada. There are universities that have excellent reputations for both teaching excellence and for excellent and diverse research activities in water-related topics. They are mainly in the USA, Europe, Australia and China. Other universities scored well on research in water resources but did not in teaching excellence. The approach proposed in this report has potential to guide the development of comprehensive programmes in water. No specific comparative data on the quality of teaching in water-related topics has been identified. This report further shows the variety of pathways which most water education programmes are associated with or built in – through science, technology and engineering post-secondary and professional education systems. The multitude of possible institutions and pathways to acquire a qualification in water means that a better ‘roadmap’ is needed to chart the programmes. A global database with details on programme curricula, qualifications offered, duration, prerequisites, cost, transfer opportunities and other programme parameters would be ideal for this purpose, showing country-level, regional and global search capabilities. Cooperation between institutions in preparing or presenting water programmes is currently rather limited. Regional consortia of institutions may facilitate cooperation. A similar process could be used for technical and vocational education and training, although a more local approach would be better since conditions, regulations and technologies vary between relatively small areas. Finally, this report examines various factors affecting the future availability of water professionals. This includes the availability of suitable education and training programmes, choices that students make to pursue different areas of study, employment prospects, increasing gender equity, costs of education, and students’ and graduates’ mobility, especially between developing and developed countries. This report aims to inform and open a conversation with educators and administrators in higher education especially those engaged in water education or preparing to enter that field. It will also benefit students intending to enter the water resources field, professionals seeking an overview of educational activities for continuing education on water and government officials and politicians responsible for educational activities
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