Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Emploi de stries'
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Celep, Muhittin. "Τransitiοn dans les cοuches limites supersοniques : simulatiοns numériques directes et cοntrôle par stries." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Normandie, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024NORMIR15.
Full textIn high-speed flows, elevated viscous drag and thermal loads are inherent outcomes over aerodynamic bodies. These effects escalate substantially during the transition phase when the boundary layer becomes turbulent. To mitigate potential mechanical damage and fatigue-related failures, thermal protection systems are integrated into vehicles, adding complexity to the technical and economic aspects of design. The solution lies in gaining a comprehensive understanding of transition mechanisms and developing control systems to prolong laminar boundary layer along the vehicle’s surface. Numerous active and passive control techniques can be employed for transition control, with the streak employment method emerging as a particularly promising approach. This method involves generating narrowly spaced streaks in the spanwise direction, creating alternating high and low-speed regions in the flow field. Although the method has only recently been tested in supersonic flows, demonstrating its effectiveness in delaying transition, its suitability needs to be assessed further. In this research work, direct numerical simulations are performed in supersonic and near-hypersonic regimes. Streaks are introduced through a blowing/suction strip placed at the wall prior to that of the perturbation which is used to trigger transition in a “controlled” fashion, forced by a single frequency and wavenumber disturbance. The investigation at Mach 2.0 confirms that streaks with five times the fundamental wavenumber are most beneficial for transition control. Additionally, cooling enhances the method’s effectiveness, while heating severely deteriorates the capability of control streaks. The isothermal wall condition does not alter the comparable stabilizing impact of the mean flow deformation (MFD) and the 3-D part of the control at Mach 2.0. However, at Mach 4.5, both the type of instability and the characteristics of the streaks change significantly. The stabilizing impact of the MFD becomes nearly absent, and the 3-D part of the control predominates, with the characteristics of the streaks no longer considered independent of their initial disturbance amplitude
Akterhag, Kajsa, and Löfberg Anna. "Kriminalvårdaren : empati och upplevd arbetsrelaterad stress." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-20742.
Full textEmpathy is a particularly important ability of the correctional officer and in the interaction with their colleagues, also with those in prison and detention centers. The study aimed to investi- gate empathy in prison correctional officers in relation to work-related stress and demo- graphic variables. In the study,76 participants were recruited through social media, with a spread across Sweden. The results showed that there were no difference in empathy re- garding gender. The work-related stress is greater in women than in men according to the study's results, which confirms previous studies. Furthermore, the results of the study show that imagination and personal distress decline with age. For years of employment the results showed a decline in empathy. The results for educational level shows that empathy declined with higher education, which contradicts previous research. Further research can focus on including larger samples and examining person-specific factors along with the variables and demographic information such as age, gender and educational level.
Parrocchetti, Jean-Pierre. "Stress, coping et traits de personnalité (névrosisme et lieu de contrôle) chez des sauveteurs et des conseillers du Pôle Emploi." Thesis, Aix-Marseille, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012AIXM3058/document.
Full textPurpose: This study aims at comparing professional rescuers and ordinary people, the way they react and they adjust to stress on different levels (perceived stress, neuroticism intensity, coping strategies, locus of control and posttraumatic stress disorder severity level ) in order to highlight the differences, the similarities and the links between the variables. The following hypothesis has been expressed: both groups (rescuers and job councellors) are different regarding perceived stress, neuroticism intensity, locus of control, the type of coping and the postttraumatic stress disorder severity level. Method: Population: 42 male individuals aged 24 to 55 (survey group: sea and moutain firefighters, High Mountain Squad gendarmes, bomb disposal experts, helicopter pilots and mechanics) and 42 individuals (33 women and 9 men) aged 24 to 59 (control group: job councellors) Tools: 5 scales have been filled in : PSS (perceived stress), EPI (neuroticism – extraversion / introversion), the Levenson scale (locus of control), WCC (coping) and QSPT (posttraumatic stress disorder). Results: the results bring to light that the rescuers show a lower level of perceived stress, of neuroticism, of external (P and C) and internal LOC, of emotional coping, of social support searching and of PTSD severity level than the job councellors. However, both groups do not differ significantly regarding the problem-focused coping. Conclusion: the harmful influence of environmental factors on the personality seems to determine the adjustment to stress and its traumatic consequences
Lebègue, Nathalie. "Radicaux libres dérivés de l'oxygène et antioxydants : méthodes de détection, approche biologique et environnementale." Paris 5, 1999. http://www.theses.fr/1999PA05P109.
Full textHallberg, Angela, and Sandra Skog. "Ledarskapets intelligens, empati, stress och resurser att bemästra stress hos personer i chefsposition." Thesis, Högskolan Väst, Avdelningen för psykologi, pedagogik och sociologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hv:diva-12393.
Full textA person in chief position plays an important role in respect to both the company and its employees. Ronthy's theory (2006, 2013) aims to highlight her view of the concept of "leadership intelligence" which consists of: emotional intelligence (EQ), rational intelligence (RQ) and mental intelligence (SQ). A test relating to measuring leadership intelligence has been developed; Leadership Intelligence Questionnaire (LIQ). The test is now in version 3; LIQ3. People in the Chief Position can be divided into two types using LIQ3: Leader and Manager. A leader is characterized by high emotional and spiritual intelligence, while a manager of high rationality. Based on Ronthy's theory, this study aims at examining the following issues: (a) Can LIQ3 distinguish between managers and leaders from the point of view of whether the company produces goods or focuses on services? (b) Do EQ and SQ co-exist positively with empathy? (c) Does the self-reliant stress differ between leaders and managers according to LIQ3? (d) Is there a positive link between EQ and useful coping resources? The participants were 131 in different positions (34% women) from four different organizations (M = 49 years, SD = 8), of whom 18% were senior executives, 62% middle managers and 21% group leaders. In addition to LIQ3, participants responded to questionnaires that measure self-perceived stress, empathy and coping resources. LIQ3 could not distinguish between managers and leaders by organizational type. EQ and SQ positively correlated with social and emotional coping resources. There were no significant differences in stress levels between managers and leaders. Various aspects of leadership skills are noted and questioned in today's organizations and its properties have been investigated and discussed in this study.
Said, Alhabibi Toihiri. "Recherche sur de nouvelles stratégies thérapeutiques utilisant des vecteurs huileux végétaux dans la modulation du stress oculaire d'origine toxique." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P627.
Full textEye is an organ exposed in of numerous stress responsible in ocular pathologies for which certain therapeutic strategies require oily excipients. The objective of our study was to evaluated the cytotoxicity on human conjunctiva cells, anti-UV and antioxidants properties, and the tolerance of the existing oily vectors ; Zea mays, Ricinus communis, Olea europaea and the news vectors Calophyllum inophyllum, Aleurites moluccana, Camelina sativa. We envisaged new therapeutic applications for the most promising vectors and investigated the action of the most powerful on a model of corneal healing to the Rabbit. Our works allowed us to establish a model of direct study of in vitro oil on living cells and contribute to a better understanding of the regulation of the fatty acids of the membrane and could open the way to new therapeutic strategies
Deak, Fanny, and Liselotte Jädervik. "Arbetsrelaterad stress och empatisk förmåga hos sjuksköterskan i mötet med patienter inom ASIH." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2888.
Full textBring, Beckman Annikki, and Linda Fantenberg. "Compassion fatigue hos sjuksköterskor inom akutsjukvård : varför orkar vi inte bry oss?" Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-2279.
Full textPardo, Olivier. "Thérapie génique du cancer du poumon par la HSP65." Paris 5, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA05P120.
Full textFoucher, Philippe. "Etude d'indicateurs morphologiques pour la caractérisation de l'état hybride de végétaux par analyse d'images." Angers, 2003. http://www.theses.fr/2003ANGE0015.
Full textThe purpose of this work is to study how artificial vision, using shape analysis methods, can indicate a modificatifion of the state of the plant. To this end, morphological indicators, allowing a diagnosis in the case of plants when water deficits are fairly high, are researched. The study is realised on images of forsythias looked at from a horizontal plane. The artificial vision is composed of two steps. The first one consists of developing a method to classify pixels of the image in two groups : the plant and its background. Thus, a one hidden layer perceptron was tested with success. The second step concerns the identification of parameters indicating the whole morphological evolution of plants under water stress conditions. Several methods were developped and tested. Three methods allowed to define, in an absolute manner, a threshold above which the plant can be considered stressed. A physiological study of the water status of the plant was undertaken in a parallel way to validate the results obtained-by artificial vision
Gustafsson, Lidström Hjalmar, and Victoria Öhrn. "Compassion fatigue : När empation tar slut för sjuksköterskor." Thesis, Röda Korsets Högskola, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:rkh:diva-223.
Full textBackground: A review of the field shows that nurses are at risk to develop compassion fatigueas a result of their empathic engagement with patients. Compassion fatigueis when a person as a consequence of their empathic engagement with patients suffers an emotional exhaustion. Purpose: The purpose of this study is to highlight risk factors in developing compassion fatigueand how to avoid this condition in the nursing profession. Method: A literature review with both qualitative and quantitative research. The result was then analysed and summarized. Result: The results showed that nurses in homecare, acute care, hospice and those working with chronically ill children were at the highest risk for Compassion fatigue.A number of strategies and preventive measures highlight the importance of having a professional distance to the patient as well as saying no to tasks that are not within the nurses specific profession. A majority of nurses stated support as a strategy for recovery, both from colleges as well as counselors or psychologists, especially after traumatic events. Conclusion: Compassion fatigue is a problem both for healthcare in general as well as for nurses themselves. It affects the patient care, the work situation and the nurse negatively. A number of factors contribute in the development of compassion fatigue, because of this a broad selection of possible preventive measures is required,
Suh, Jin-Hyang. "Consumption of fruit juices and wines rich in polyphenols : potential health effects in oxidative stress animal models and roles of procyanidins, anthocyanins and ellagitannins." Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010MON20230.
Full textThe purpose of this study is to explore the potential of fruit juices and wines consumption rich in polyphenol on pathological models of oxidative stress, diet-induced early atherosclerosis, and to research their specific protective effect against the pathology.In the first part of this work we analyzed the polyphenols in three varieties of raspberry juices (Cardinal, Glen Ample and Tulameen) and two wines (Persimmon and Merlot) by HPLC. We identified and quantified phenolic components of anthocyanins and ellagitannins family, the two major constituents in raspberries polyphenols. Their compositions differed significantly especially between Glen Ample and Tulameen. For wines, flavan-3-ols (monomers and oligomers) were analyzed. Concentrations of each component were fundamentally different in two wines except for procyanidin dimers.These results led us to address in vivo studies on Syrian Golden hamsters fed a high-fat, high-cholesterol diet deprived in dietary antioxidants. Consumption of Glen Ample (equivalent to 250 mL of raspberry juice per day for a 70 kg human) inhibits pro-oxidant factors and improves antioxidant status whereas Tulameen shows a protective effect against dyslipidemia which may be due to its ellagitannins and anthocyanins respectively.Nutritional dose of wines (equivalent to 2 glasses of wine per meal for a 70 kg human) improves vascular reactivity, dyslipidemia and antioxidant status. No difference appeared between persimmon and merlot wine antioxidant properties suggesting that procyanidin dimers are implicated in the biological effects of polyphenols
Babaoi, Saemon. "Att erfara empatiksk utmattning : En litteraturstudie om sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av empatisk utmattning." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40282.
Full textRomain, Cindy. "Effets et recherche de mécanismes d'action d'un extrait de sarments de vigne et de vins rouges riches en resvératrol et ses oligomères : Quel rôle dans la prévention des maladies cardio-vasculaires ?" Thesis, Montpellier 2, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013MON20199/document.
Full textCardiovascular diseases (CVD) are increasing globally and are now an expensive public health problem. Overnutrition and lack of physical activity are key factors in the disease development. In recent years, studies on the pathogenesis of CVD showed many factors contributing to the development of these complex diseases including overweight, centralobesity, oxidative stress, vascular and systemic inflammation, insulin ressitance or endothelial dysfunction. Prevention of these disorders is the focus of pharmaceutical and dietarystrategies and polyphenols have already demonstrated beneficial and preventive effects. Among the 8000 phenolic compounds described to date, resveratrol has emerged as a strong candidate for the prevention of nutrition-related diseases.The objective of this work was to study the potential action of vine shoot extract (Vineatrol®) and red wines rich in resveratrol and its oligomers, in an animal model of nutritionallyinduced atherosclerosis.The first part of this study was to develop a diet triggering the best early atherosclerosis in theSyrian golden hamster. From this model, a preventive effect of Vineatrol® was highlighted: Vineatrol® induces adecrease in aortic lipid deposition but also improves the oxidative and inflammatory status of the animals. In the third part , Vineatrol®-enriched red wines showed preventive effects on risk factors foratherosclerotic disease and disorders related to the consumption of a high-fat diet. Possible mechanisms of action, explaining the beneficial effects of these wines have been consideredand sough. These mechanisms could involve modulation of the NF-κB and/or SIRT1pathways. The degree of importance of these different pathways will have to be confirmed
Yakub, Gabriela, and Enoz Issa. "Compassion fatigue hos sjuksköterskor." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40022.
Full textAsker, Jennifer, and Alexzandra Rose. "Sjuksköterskors erfarenheter av empatitrötthet : en icke-systematisk litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Sophiahemmet Högskola, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:shh:diva-3935.
Full textLeeman, Kim, and Sebastian Liu. "Compassion Fatigue : Att vårda och dess konsekvenser för sjuksköterskan." Thesis, Högskolan i Borås, Akademin för vård, arbetsliv och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hb:diva-14683.
Full textHallström, Sofia, and Samuel Possnert. "Risken för Compassion Fatigue hos sjuksköterskor vid Akademiska universitetssjukhuset." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Public Health and Caring Sciences, 2010. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-113999.
Full textSyftet med denna studie var att undersöka risken för Compassion Fatique hos sjuksköterskor vid Akademiska sjukhuset i Uppsala. Compassion Fatigue är då en person som konsekvens av sitt empatiska engagemang gentemot en annan person blir emotionellt utmattad. En enkätstudie bland psykiatrisjuksköterskor och sjuksköterskor inom den somatiska vården gjordes, dessa jämfördes i avseende på Compassion Fatique-risk. Huvudresultatet tyder på att nästan en fjärdedel av sjuksköterskorna som grupp är i riskzonen för att utveckla Compassion Fatique och att närmare 40 % av alla deltagare var i riskzonen för att utveckla utbrändhet. 21,9 % låg under referensvärdet för Compassion Satisfaction, vilket innebär att man ej känner sig tillfredställd med sin arbetssituation. Risken för Compassion Fatigue och utbrändhet var lika för de båda grupperna, men värdet på Compassion Satisfaction skilde sig och var lägst bland psykiatrisjuksköterskorna. Det finns dock ingen signifikant skillnad mellan psykiatrisjuksköterskorna eller de sjuksköterskor som arbetade inom somatiken gällande risk för Compassion Fatique, risk för utbrändhet eller Compassion Satisfaction. Både sjuksköterskor inom den somatiska och psykiatriska vården vid Akademiska universitessjukhuset i Uppsala visar tecken på Compassion Fatique och utbrändhet. I studien kunde även ett samband mellan utbrändhet och Compassion Fatigue påvisas.
Svadling, Sara, and Susanna Sjögren. "Compassion Fatigue hos sjuksköterskor : En allmän litteraturöversikt." Thesis, Mälardalens högskola, Akademin för hälsa, vård och välfärd, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mdh:diva-40112.
Full textJönsson, Johanna. "Vem bryr sig?" Thesis, Malmö universitet, Fakulteten för hälsa och samhälle (HS), 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:mau:diva-26060.
Full textBackground: Nurses today are exposed to more traumatic events under short period of time than a person outside the caring environment experiences in a lifetime. Compassion fatigue is a relatively new concept in the Swedish health care. To understand compassion fatigue has the concept empathy further been discussed in the background. A deeper understanding for the phenomena compassion fatigue is presented in the result. Aim: The aim for this study is to further explore the phenomena compassion fatigue from a nursing perspective. Method: A non systematic literature review has been used in this study based on literature using different approaches to get a holistic view on the phenomena compassion fatigue. Result: Compassion fatigue is a phenomena which affects the caring regarding patients and their relatives. Nurses with longer experience are less likely to develop compassion fatigue. Today there are no guidelines for how to counter compassion fatigue, but nurses are using their own methods to handle the phenomena compassion fatigue.
Belhadj, Sahla. "Effet de Simmondsia chinensis sur le diabète et les maladies métaboliques : étude in vitro et in vivo." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ061.
Full textHerbal medicine refers to medicine based on plant extracts and natural active ingredients. As the number of diabetic patient increase dramatically, many researchers have sought to evaluate the pharmacological action of several traditional plants. The jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a shrub of the family Simmondsiaceae which has many properties linked to a very rich and diversified composition. The objectives pursued during this thesis were to validate the use of jojoba in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and its complications by evaluating in vitro the antioxidant effect of an aqueous extract of jojoba and compare this extract to a pure molecule, the simmondsin, on a pancreatic beta cell line, by demonstrating the efficacy of the various extracts of the jojoba seed on a hepatic cell line following chronic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and finally by validating in vivo the efficacy of jojoba on rat a model of glucose intolerance induced by high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF). The results in vitro showed that the various extracts of the jojoba seed tested were not cytotoxic on the cell lines but provided protection against oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. This protection appears to be related to the inhibition of the expression of the p22phox pro-oxidant enzyme. In vivo, the study on the HFHF rat model confirmed the anorectic effect of jojoba combined with a curative effect on complications, in particular liver and kidney damage, which could be linked to its antioxidant properties. This study demonstrated the efficacy of jojoba seeds in the treatment of diabetes and its complications
Persson, Maria. "Empatiskt bemötande och stress och återhämtning." Thesis, Högskolan Kristianstad, Fakulteten för lärarutbildning, 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hkr:diva-21423.
Full textEmpathy is an important issue in people-oriented work such as dental care and care. There are theories that stress affects empathy in a negative way by causing lethargy and cynicism and that recovery can reduce the stress which indirectly could affect the ability to give empathic treatment which means treat other persons well when working with people. The purpose of this study was to see if there were differences in self-reported empathy, stress and recovery among persons with different length of professional experience, type of education and educational level. In addition, correlations between self-reports of empathy, stress and recovery were tested. Also tests to measure empathic treatment among fictive cases both from health care and dental care situations were done. There were 40 participants in the study, which worked as assistant nurses or nurses or were under education for nursing specialists or dental hygienists. Pearson’s correlation analysis and one way analysis of variance, ANOVA, were used for the statistical analysis. In this study it seemed like younger persons with fewer years of experience were both more stressed and more empathic than older persons with longer experience which seem to be less stressed but also less empathic, while education type or level seemed to not matter. The fictive cases should be developed more. No differences between educational groups at different levels were found in this study, nor could any differences be seen among different professions. This study could inspire further research in the field of empathic treatment and authenticity.
Bettaib, Jamila. "Evaluation de l'intérêt des biomolécules à activité antioxydante d'origine végétale pour des applications thérapeutiques dans le domaine de la neuromyopathie de réanimation." Thesis, Brest, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017BRES0161.
Full textIn this work, the variability of phenolic composition and antioxidant activities of 5 Tunisian extremophilic species (T. gallica, L. guyonianum, M. edule, P. equisetiforme and P. laevigata) was studied. Main results showed that T. gallica was the richest in total polyphenols. M. edule had the highest flavonoids content. In addition, the highest condensed tanins content was found in P. equisetiform.L. guyonianum was distinguished by its powerful antioxidant potential. HPLC analysis showed that T. gallica contained essentially rosmarinic acid, and the 2 flavonoids catechin and isorhamnetin-3-Orutinoside.The major flavonoids identified in L. guyonianum are quercetin, catechin, and isorhamnetin-3-O-rutinoside. The study showed that extracts of T. gallica (TGE) and L. guyonianum (LGE) exerted a cytoprotective effect on H2O2-stimulated IEC-6 cells. Pretreatment with TGE or LGE at 0.25 μg.ml-1 resulted in the re-establishment of normal cell morphology and the amplification of cell proliferation. In the presence of TGE, CAT activity was normalized and MDA content decreased. In the presence of LGE, SODT activity was improved and the GSH content increased. TGE and LGE induced JNK dephosphorylation to reduce cell death. In addition, the preventive effect of TGE and LGE administration on sepsis-induced oxidative damage was demonstrated. In TGE and LGE pretreated groups, weight loss decreased and survival rate increased. In T30 group, SODT activity of EDL and SOL was higher than those of the septic group. In the same group T30, Mn-SOD activities of EDL and SOL were higher than SODT. In L300 and L30 groups, CAT activities of EDL, DIA and SOL were higher than those of the septic group.Plasma GSH levels increased in the T300 and L30 groups. AST and ALT activities decreased in L300 and T30 groups. Altogether, the administration of T. gallica and L. guyonianum extracts improves the antioxidant capacities of skeletal and respiratory muscles and prevents hepatic injury in septic rats
Belhadj, Sahla. "Effet de Simmondsia chinensis sur le diabète et les maladies métaboliques : étude in vitro et in vivo." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017STRAJ061.
Full textHerbal medicine refers to medicine based on plant extracts and natural active ingredients. As the number of diabetic patient increase dramatically, many researchers have sought to evaluate the pharmacological action of several traditional plants. The jojoba (Simmondsia chinensis) is a shrub of the family Simmondsiaceae which has many properties linked to a very rich and diversified composition. The objectives pursued during this thesis were to validate the use of jojoba in the prevention of type 2 diabetes and its complications by evaluating in vitro the antioxidant effect of an aqueous extract of jojoba and compare this extract to a pure molecule, the simmondsin, on a pancreatic beta cell line, by demonstrating the efficacy of the various extracts of the jojoba seed on a hepatic cell line following chronic hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia and finally by validating in vivo the efficacy of jojoba on rat a model of glucose intolerance induced by high-fat high-fructose diet (HFHF). The results in vitro showed that the various extracts of the jojoba seed tested were not cytotoxic on the cell lines but provided protection against oxidative stress induced by hyperglycemia and hyperinsulinemia. This protection appears to be related to the inhibition of the expression of the p22phox pro-oxidant enzyme. In vivo, the study on the HFHF rat model confirmed the anorectic effect of jojoba combined with a curative effect on complications, in particular liver and kidney damage, which could be linked to its antioxidant properties. This study demonstrated the efficacy of jojoba seeds in the treatment of diabetes and its complications
Kaminski, Jacques. "Effets du resvératrol et de formulations de micro-nutriments alimentaires sur les fonctions du muscle squelittique chez la souris et sur les cellules musculaires en culture." Thesis, Dijon, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012DIJOS092/document.
Full textA concept that has emerged in recent years is the use of micronutrients as therapeutic agents known for their anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, cardio-protective or anticarcinogenic proprieties. In this work, we studied the in vivo and in vitro mechanism of action of resveratrol and two natural formulations, one involved in the antioxidant effects (product "X") and the other (product "Y") involved in the correction of lipid disorders in people affected by metabolic syndrome. We characterized the pro-differentiating effect of a natural polyphenol, resveratrol, on C2C12 skeletal muscle cell line. This study showed that this polyphenol can induce the expression of muscle differentiation factors (myogenin, Scrp3) and increases the level of myosin, a protein involved in muscular contraction. Finally, resveratrol can modulate the expression of microRNA, such as miR-133b involved in the muscular differentiation process. Concerning oxidative stress, the results shows that "X" is capable both, to slightly modulate expression of anti-radicalar defense genes in gastrocnemius muscle (SIRT1, SOD1, UCP2, NRF1) but also, in C2C12 murine skeletal muscle cells (PRDX1, NRF2, PGC1α). The results in the gastrocnemius showed a rise of the overall radicalar defense potential by using KRL assay. A decrease of intracellular ROS was observed with the DHE probe in C2C12 cells. The study of "Y" has shown that it is able to slightly modulate the expression of genes involved in energetic metabolism (Gs1, Srebp1c, Fabp3, VLCAD, Pparβ) in C2C12 cells. Our results also shown that "Y" induces an anti-inflammatory effect by reducing the number of lymphocytes in mice fed by a High Fat/ High Sucrose diet. However, "Y" is not an agonist of PPARα and PPARγ in our conditions. The overall results obtained in this work confirms that micronutrients can induce slightly effects on gene expression. Long-term studies are needed to understand and confirm their true impact on organism
Guitton, Coline. "Evaluation des propriétés antioxydantes de crèmes dermo-cosmétiques par électrochimie." Toulouse 3, 2005. http://www.theses.fr/2005TOU30165.
Full textVoltammograms carried out directly in the dermo-cosmetics creams, conducting media, enable to evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of the product disposed in bulk or in a thin coating, similar to that applied on skin. Identification and quantification of species require the manufacture of creams with different compositions. The devices designed and developed in order to follow the variation of these properties as a function of the time; experiments reveal fluctuations of the total antioxidant properties and of the concentrations of the components, explainable by coupled chemical reactions. Interactions between components of the cream were highlighted and specified: between α-tocopherol and ascorbate at a liquid/liquid interface between methylparaben and ascorbate in aqueous phase. In addition, this work gave the basis of a process for the control of the cream production
Mahrouf-Yorgov, Meriem. "Contribution à l'étude des propriétés vasculoprotectrices de la metformine : effets sur la voie de transduction de la protéine kinase C et sur le dysfonctionnement endothélial vasculaire du diabète." Paris 5, 2007. http://www.theses.fr/2007PA05P623.
Full textType 2 diabetes is an important public health problem due to vascular complications caused by chronic hyperglycemia. Hyperglycemia has been shown to induce intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species and causes oxidative stress leading to vascular dysfunction. Metformin (met) is a widely used drug for the management of type 2 diabetes. Several studies showed that met improves vascular function of diabetic patients but its exact mechanism of action remains unclear. We investigate in this study the effect of met on the protein kinase C (PKC) and polyADP-ribose polymerase (PARP) pathways involved in diabetic vascular complications. We also explored whether met could modulate the redox-sensible expression of advanced glycation end products receptor (RAGE) and lectin-like oxidized receptor 1 (LOX-1). Taken together our results suggests that met acts at the membrane level and we proposed a unifying mechanism by which metformin improves diabetic vascular endothelial functions
Gothland, Adélie. "La Primaquine, une thérapie innovante et ciblée pour les pathologies associées à l’infection par l’Herpèsvirus humain 8." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2021. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2021SORUS148.pdf.
Full textThe Human Herpesvirus 8 (HHV-8) is one of seven recognized human cancer causing viruses. HHV-8 is a principal causative agent of several human cancers including Kaposi’s sarcoma (KS), multicentric Castleman’s disease (MCD) and primary effusion lymphoma (PEL), which represent important and difficult to treat clinical problem, with very few therapeutic options. In the present in vitro study, we demonstrated the specific cytotoxic and pro-apoptotic effect of the antimalarial primaquine disphosphate in HHV-8-infected PEL cells, without any toxicity on different uninfected cells. We also found that primaquine-induced oxidative stress and pro-apoptotic UPR activated by excessive reticulum endoplasmic stress, to be part of the pro-apoptotic mechanisms of action of primaquine in PEL cells. Finally, PQ treatment had a clinical positive effect on tumor growth in a in vivo NOD/SCID xenograft PEL mouse model, as well as in a pilot clinical study in human harboring very severe KS. Importantly, primaquine was well tolerated and none adverse event and overt toxic effects were observed in both primaquine-treated mice and patients. The combination of preclinical and clinical observations and results from our analysis thereby raising the possibility that primaquine may be used as a promising targeted agent in treatment of HHV-8-associated cancers
Andersson, Camilla, and Lisa Sandstedt. "En litteraturöversikt om compassion fatigue hos sjuksköterskor." Thesis, Ersta Sköndal Bräcke högskola, Institutionen för vårdvetenskap, 2017. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:esh:diva-6618.
Full textBackground: Compassion fatigue among nurses is described as a reduced ability to feel empathy due to being exposed to other peoples trauma, at the same time empathy is seen as one of the core values in nursing. Many nurses lack knowledge about the subject but affected nurses describes it as an overwhelmingly feeling that something is wrong. This may lead to a lot of nurses thinking about leaving the profession. Aim: The purpose was to identify the factors that lead to compassion fatigue in nurses. Method: A literature review according to Friberg´s method that is based on eleven quantitative articles and one qualitative article. Results: The results were presented on the basis of four themes: empathy, feelings of guilt and morol distress, personal and social factors, work related and organizational factors and also age, work experience and professionalism. Some of the factors that cause compassion fatigue were degree of empathetic ability and personal coping strategies. Discussion: Watson´s theory of human caring and Conti O´Hare´s theory of the nurse as a wounded healer was used as theoretical frame of reference. Watson describes empathy as one of the core values in her theory of human caring, at the same time the results of the literature review showed that nurses with a higher degree of empathy were at higher risk to develop compassion fatigue. This can be seen as contradictory when empathy is a condition in caring. Conti O´Hare´s theory and the result agree in the regard that if trauma is not handled in a positive way it may lead to illness.
Bègue, Cyril. "Prise en charge des problématiques de santé au travail par le médecin généraliste." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Angers, 2023. http://www.theses.fr/2023ANGE0045.
Full textGeneral practitioners are frequently confronted with patients presenting occupational health problems. The aim of this thesis was to explore this type of care by documenting practices, to help improving practices by designing an educational resource, and to help producing contextualised data by proposing a research protocol. The study confirmed that GPs frequently prescribe sick leave. The prescription rate varied according to gender, age, socioprofessional category and length of consultation. The frequency of use of two return to work tools (pre-return-to-work medical consultation and therapeutic part-time work) and the frequency of contact with the occupational physician were satisfactory, although not optimal. A book chapter was written to document the role of the general practitioner in dealing with these problems, while also providing a training resource. Finally, a protocol was proposed for a complex intervention designed to improve the management of psychological suffering at work, based on 4 axes : training of GPs, rapid referral to the occupational physician, prescription and extension of sick leave and close follow-up
Malardé, Ludivine. "Activité physique et produits dérivés du soja : intérêts dans la prise en charge du stress oxydant associé au diabète de type 1." Phd thesis, Université Rennes 2, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00775870.
Full textCadieux, Nathalie. "Professions réglementées et détresse psychologique : regards croisés avec la population en emploi au Canada." Thèse, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/9063.
Full textThis doctoral thesis aims to understand the role played by the regulated occupations as a determinant of psychological distress of the working population in Quebec and Canada. This, in a context where several professional organizations, representing regulated occupations, are concerned about the mental health of their members and the pressure exerted on them in an economy characterized by important shortages of labor. This thesis was also inspired by the many limitations observed after a literature review on work and mental health, whereas the differentiated risks which would be subjected to these professionals, compared to the total working population, remains largely undocumented. Is there a direct link between the regulated occupation and the experience of psychological distress? What working conditions contribute to the development or accentuate psychological distress for these regulated occupations? In order to better understand the role played by the regulated occupations in psychological distress, this thesis proposes a multidimensional theoretical model which postulates that the constraints and resources are generated by a set of social structures including the regulated occupation, the working conditions, family, social network outside of work and personal characteristics. This model stems from the micro and macro theories in sociology (Alexander et al., 1987; Ritzer, 1996), the agent-structure approach (Archer, 1995; Giddens, 1987) as well as the social stress theory (Pearlin, 1999). Three hypotheses are subject to analysis through the model. The first hypothesis assumes that regulated occupations, work conditions, family, social network outside the workplace, and individual characteristics contribute directly and jointly to explaining the level of psychological distress. The second hypothesis induced by the proposed model postulates that the workplace mediates the relationship between regulated occupations and psychological distress levels. The third and final research hypothesis postulates that the relationship between the workplace and psychological distress levels is moderated by individual characteristics, as well as by family and the social network outside the workplace.These hypotheses have been validated using longitudinal data from the National population health survey (NPHS) (cycles 1 to 7). The results of these analyses are presented in three articles submitted for publication, which are the chapters 5-7 of this thesis. Overall, the theoretical model gets an important empirical support and suggests that the regulated occupations directly influence the chances of living psychological distress over time as well as the level of psychological distress itself. The results also suggest that the regulated occupations are exposed to differentiated risks in terms of working conditions likely to generate psychological distress. The contribution of the workplace and regulated occupations is exercised independently of other dimensions of the model (family, social network outside of work, personal characteristics). The results also corroborate the importance in considering many dimensions of the life of an individual in the psychological distress and to put on the agenda the importance of developing new theoretical models, better suited to the realities characterizing today’s working environments in which knowledge workers work. This thesis concludes on the implications of these findings for research, and the benefits it brings to the labor market and for the future development of the professional system in Quebec and Canada.
Sotelo, Rico Mariana. "Les interventions communautaires d’activation au Québec et leurs déterminants : orientations institutionnelles, appropriation et gouvernance." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/13437.
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