Journal articles: 'Empirically validated treatment'

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Birnbrauer, Jay S. "Empirically Validated Learning Environments." Behaviour Change 14, no. 1 (March 1997): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900003697.

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“Treatment” connotes “one off” and “short-term” and treatments are applied after problems have failed to respond to natural, culturally acceptable methods. In developmental disability, continuing interventions that begin early are our best hope; natural methods are part of the problem. Treatment methods are validated for particular problems and circumstances.need to be applied competently and monitored by therapists who have throrough grounding in scientific method and principles of behaviour. Nominating empirically validated treatments does not diminish the need for highly trained behaviour analysts.

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King, Neville J. "Empirically Validated Treatments and AACBT." Behaviour Change 14, no. 1 (March 1997): 2–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900003648.

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Recently, the American Psychological Association (APA; 1993) Division of Clinical Psychologists (Division 12) established a task force to define empirically validated treatment and make recommendations in relation to methods for educating mental health professionals, third-party payors, and the public about effective psychotherapies. Predictably, the task force report has a somewhat controversial status but continues to be an influential blueprint for the improvement of clinical psychology in various countries including Australia. The role of the Australian Association for Cognitive and Behaviour Therapy (AACBT) is highlighted in relation to accreditation and mandatory professional development (Australian Psychological Society).

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King, Michael C. "Realpolitik and the empirically validated treatment debate." Canadian Psychology/Psychologie canadienne 40, no. 4 (1999): 306–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0086845.

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Kavanagh, David J. "Empirically Validated Interventions for Adult Disorders." Behaviour Change 14, no. 1 (March 1997): 18–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900003685.

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The movement towards evidence-based practice in psychology and medicine should offer few problems in cognitive-behaviour therapies because it is consistent with the principles by which they have been developed and disseminated. However, the criteria for assessing empirical status, including the heavy emphasis on manualised treatments, need close examination. A possible outcome of the evidence-based movement would be to focus on the application of manualised treatments in both training and clinical practice; problems with that approach are discussed. If we are committed to evidence-based treatment, comparisons between psychological and pharmacological interventions should also be included so that rational health care decisions can be made. We should not be afraid of following the evidence, even when it supports treatments that are not cognitive-behavioural in stated orientation. Such results should be taken as an opportunity for theoretical development and new empirical inquiry rather than be a cause for concern.

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James, Jack E. "Empirically Validated Treatments: Health Psychology Interventions." Behaviour Change 14, no. 1 (March 1997): 6–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s081348390000365x.

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Whereas King's (1977) focus was clinical psychology, the present commentary considers empirical validation of psychological practice in health settings. Comparisons are made with the fact that most diagnostic and therapeutic medical practices in use have yet to be empirically validated. At the population level, modern medicine does not appear to have had a large impact on any of the major causes of premature death, past or present. Conversely, there is strong evidence that all current major causes of death are closely related to behaviour pattern. However, there are formidable obstacles to the uptake and future development of behavioural interventions in health settings. Issues subsumed under the rubric of quality of care are particularly important, including appropriateness (treatment should not be applied when it is not needed — avoidance of overservicing), and necessity (treatment should be available to persons in need — avoidance of underservicing). The general public, health practitioners, and health policy makers are relatively uninformed about relevant psychological practices and about the central role of psychological processes in all aspects of human health.

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Stricker, George. "Empirically validated treatment, psychotherapy manuals, and psychotherapy integration." Journal of Psychotherapy Integration 6, no. 3 (1996): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/h0101103.

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Halford, W. Kim. "Empirically Validated Psychological Treatment: What Does It Mean in the Domain of Relationship Problems?" Behaviour Change 14, no. 1 (March 1997): 9–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0813483900003661.

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The concept of empirically validated treatments is an attempt to focus psychological training and practice on treatments that work. In this paper, I examine the complexities of defining the concept with reference to the treatment of relationship problems. The key criterion employed to define a treatment as empirically validated is established efficacy within controlled trials. I suggest that the criteria need to be expanded to include assessment of the variability, clinical significance, and durability of treatment effects, the relative efficacy of alternative approaches, and the ease of dissemination of treatments. Whilst few, if any, psychological treatments currently have data on whether they meet all these criteria, I suggest that setting these more ambitious criteria will direct us towards the ultimate goal of offering better psychological treatments.

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Wolchik, Sharlene A., Lillie Weiss, and Melanie A. Katzman. "An empirically validated, short-term psychoeducational group treatment program for bulimia." International Journal of Eating Disorders 5, no. 1 (January 1986): 21–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/1098-108x(198601)5:1<21::aid-eat2260050103>3.0.co;2-p.

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Addis, Michael E. "Evaluating the Treatment Manual as a Means of Disseminating Empirically Validated Psychotherapies." Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 4, no. 1 (March 1997): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1997.tb00094.x.

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King, Neville J., Geoffrey N. Molloy, David Heyne, Gregory C. Murphy, and Thomas H. Ollendick. "EMOTIVE IMAGERY TREATMENT FOR CHILDHOOD PHOBIAS: A CREDIBLE AND EMPIRICALLY VALIDATED INTERVENTION?" Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 26, no. 2 (April 1998): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465898000125.

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Childhood phobias are complexly determined but responsive to behavioral interventions. This review focuses on emotive imagery, a variant of systematic desensitization developed specifically for use in treatment of children’s excessive fears. Although emotive imagery appears to be a useful treatment procedure, further research is needed before it could be considered as having “well-established” empirical status. Several other important methodological and theoretical issues are emphasized.

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Powell, Nicole R., and John E. Lochman. "Multidimensional Treatment Foster Care: A Conceptually Based, Empirically Validated Approach to Treating Antisocial Behavior in Youth." Contemporary Psychology 49, no. 6 (December 2004): 788–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/004883.

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Henry, William. "Science, Politics, and the Politics of Science: The Use and Misuse of Empirically Validated Treatment Research." Psychotherapy Research 8, no. 2 (May 1998): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/10503309812331332267.

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Henry, W. P. "Science, Politics, and the Politics of Science: The Use and Misuse of Empirically Validated Treatment Research." Psychotherapy Research 8, no. 2 (June 1, 1998): 126–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ptr/8.2.126.

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Shean, Glenn D. "Empirically Based Psychosocial Therapies for Schizophrenia: The Disconnection between Science and Practice." Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–8. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/792769.

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Empirically validated psychosocial therapies for individuals diagnosed with schizophrenia were described in the report of the Schizophrenia Patient Outcomes Research Team (PORT, 2009). The PORT team identified eight psychosocial treatments: assertive community treatment, supported employment, cognitive behavioral therapy, family-based services, token economy, skills training, psychosocial interventions for alcohol and substance use disorders, and psychosocial interventions for weight management. PORT listings of empirically validated psychosocial therapies provide a useful template for the design of effective recovery-oriented mental health care systems. Unfortunately, surveys indicate that PORT listings have not been implemented in clinical settings. Obstacles to the implementation of PORT psychosocial therapy listings and suggestions for changes needed to foster implementation are discussed. Limitations of PORT therapy listings that are based on therapy outcome efficacy studies are discussed, and cross-cultural and course and outcome studies of correlates of recovery are summarized.

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Shumaker, David. "An Existential–Integrative Treatment of Anxious and Depressed Adolescents." Journal of Humanistic Psychology 52, no. 4 (September 26, 2011): 375–400. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022167811422947.

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Today’s generation of young clinicians appear unfamiliar with how to incorporate existential concepts when treating adolescents experiencing internalizing symptoms. Empirically validated treatments for this population, including cognitive–behavioral, interpersonal, and psychopharmacological approaches undoubtedly are clearly beneficial. Several core existential concepts, however, can be effectively integrated with these empirically supported treatments to enhance outcomes. The article begins with a discussion of Rank, Tillich, and May’s conceptualization of existential anxiety for those unfamiliar with existential theory. This is followed by an examination of evidence supporting the adolescent’s capacity to contemplate existential concerns as well as evidence indicating existential focus in adolescent mental life. Building on the therapeutic aims and implications of existential–integrative therapy outlined by Schneider, the article concludes with specific recommendations regarding how existential thinking can be incorporated into the treatment of many anxious and depressed adolescents.

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Lisowsky, Petro. "Seeking Shelter: Empirically Modeling Tax Shelters Using Financial Statement Information." Accounting Review 85, no. 5 (September 1, 2010): 1693–720. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr.2010.85.5.1693.

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ABSTRACT: Using confidential tax shelter and tax return data obtained from the Internal Revenue Service, this study develops and validates an expanded model for inferring the likelihood that a firm engages in a tax shelter. Results show that tax shelter likelihood is positively related to subsidiaries located in tax havens, foreign-source income, inconsistent book-tax treatment, litigation losses, use of promoters, profitability, and size, and negatively related to leverage. Supplemental tests show that total book-tax differences (BTDs) and the contingent tax liability reserve are significantly related to tax shelter usage, while discretionary permanent BTDs and long-run cash effective tax rates are not. Finally, the model is weaker, yet still significant, in the FIN 48 disclosure environment. This research provides investors and policymakers with an extended, validated measure to calculate the presence of extreme cases of corporate tax aggressiveness. Such information could also aid analysts and other tax and non-tax researchers in assessing the benefits and risks of firm behavior.

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Falsetti, Sherry A., and Heidi S. Resnick. "Treatment of PTSD Using Cognitive and Cognitive Behavioral Therapies." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 14, no. 3 (January 2000): 261–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.14.3.261.

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This article reviews the assessment and cognitive behavioral treatment of patients with civilian trauma related posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD), and presents a case example to illustrate the use of cognitive behavioral therapy for PTSD. Areas of importance for assessment include thorough trauma history, PTSD symptomatology, comorbid disorders, coping skills, distorted cognitions, and level of behavioral avoidance. There are now several cognitive behavioral therapies available for the treatment of PTSD that have been empirically validated. These treatments will be briefly described and the extant treatment outcome literature will be reviewed. A case example, highlighting cognitive strategies within cognitive behavioral therapy, is presented.

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Reay, Rebecca, Michael Robertson, and Cathy Owen. "Interpersonal psychotherapy for postnatal depression: a quality improvement approach." Australasian Psychiatry 10, no. 3 (September 2002): 211–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/103985620201000302.

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Objective: To outline the processes involved in establishing an integrated perinatal mental health service in a public mental health setting. Conclusions: The Australian Capital Territory (ACT) Mental Health Services established a perinatal mental health service based on coordinated, evidence-based treatments. One of the treatment approaches introduced into the service was Interpersonal Psychotherapy, a time-limited, empirically validated therapy for postnatal depression.

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Sibley, Margaret H., Bradley H. Smith, Steven W. Evans, William E. Pelham, and Elizabeth M. Gnagy. "Treatment Response to an Intensive Summer Treatment Program for Adolescents With ADHD." Journal of Attention Disorders 16, no. 6 (February 17, 2012): 443–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054711433424.

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Objective: There are presently almost no empirically validated treatments for adolescents with ADHD. However, in childhood, behavioral treatments for ADHD typically include behavioral parent training, classroom interventions, and intensive child-directed interventions. Method: The present investigation examines treatment gains following an 8-week intensive summer day treatment program for adolescents with ADHD (STP-A). Baseline measures of functioning and parent improvement ratings were obtained for 34 STP-A participants. Results: Parent ratings indicated that adolescents who attended the STP-A improved across all target domains. Across domains, 63.0% to 90.9% of adolescents improved during the STP-A. There was no evidence of iatrogenic effects during the STP-A. Correlates of treatment response included adolescent effort, oppositional-defiant behavior, and cognitive/scholastic functioning. Conclusion: Findings are discussed with regard to effective treatment delivery for adolescents with ADHD.

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Salkovskis, Paul M. "EMPIRICALLY GROUNDED CLINICAL INTERVENTIONS: COGNITIVE-BEHAVIOURAL THERAPY PROGRESSES THROUGH A MULTI-DIMENSIONAL APPROACH TO CLINICAL SCIENCE." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 30, no. 1 (January 2002): 3–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465802001029.

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The current emphasis on Evidence Based Medicine (EBM) is both welcome as a bid to improve the empirical foundations of clinical practice and a cause for concern because it has the potential to distort the scientific approach that has underpinned the development of cognitive-behavioural approaches. It is suggested here that EBM needs to be seen in context; that is, as an approach that almost exclusively focuses on just one of the dimensions that have been and are crucial to the further development of Cognitive-Behavioural Treatments (CBT). EBM is particularly well suited to the development of Biological approaches to treatment, where treatments (and treatment development) are largely atheoretical. However, different considerations apply to CBT, where validated theory and linked research studies are key factors. It is suggested that relationship to evidence in CBT is best conceptualized in terms of Empirically Grounded Clinical Interventions. The parameters of such an approach are considered in relation to the Scientist Practitioner model that is prevalent in the field.

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Burdsal, Charles, and Ronald C. Force. "Empirically Derived Dimension of Criteria for a Secondary Prevention Program." Psychology and Human Development: an international journal 1, no. 2 (March 1, 1986): 87–100. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.6318.

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Our primary objective was to develop a conceptualization and a demonstration of criteria for a secondary prevention program, by concentrating on a second tier of intermediate treatment effects that are related to the more distal social outcome of police contact. Five intermediate, factor-derived treatment criteria were obtained from a 31-item follow-up questionnaire administered after participation in a secondary prevention program (Passport for Adventure). Oblique rotation factor analysis yielded 5 factors, of which parent–child involvement, being in psychotherapy, school behavior, and (to a lesser extent) school athletic involvement, were related to the "social good" outcome criterion, whereas motor activity level was not. In sum, using validated intermediate treatment effect criteria gives a spectrum of more sensitive and tailored target behavior/treatment methods by which to change behavior. Such treatment dynamics may, for some participants, eventuate in police contact, but for the majority only reduce coping effectiveness unless modified. The results emphasize the importance of a broad spectrum definition (positive through negative) of social good.

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Omisade, Omobolanle, and Alice Good. "Healthcare Professionals' Perceptions of Factors That Could Inform Adherence Interventions for Postnatal Depression Treatments." International Journal of Applied Research on Public Health Management 8, no. 1 (January 1, 2023): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijarphm.315802.

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Interventions for postnatal depression (PND) have been widely researched, but little is known about techniques to improve poor adherence to treatment and sustained outcomes. To explore healthcare professionals' experience, a semi-structured interview comprising of six experienced healthcare practitioners was conducted. The use of adjunct support, combining multiple interventions, and self-management could be used to improve adherence behaviour. When women can notice the effect of treatment, it builds a positive attitude toward treatment adherence. One barrier to seeking treatment was linked to trust and fear. Easy accessibility is an important factor that could facilitate adherence. This study provides a good basis for exploring professionals' perception of techniques that could facilitate adherence to PND prescribed treatments, informed by an empirically validated theory. The findings from this study could inform the requirements of treatment adherence intervention for women with PND.

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Robichaud, Miguel, France Talbot, Nickolai Titov, Blake F. Dear, Heather D. Hadjistavropoulos, Thomas Hadjistavropoulos, and Jalila Jbilou. "Facilitating access to iCBT: a randomized controlled trial assessing a translated version of an empirically validated program using a minimally monitored delivery model." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 48, no. 2 (August 16, 2019): 185–202. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s135246581900047x.

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AbstractBackground:Despite its established efficacy, access to internet-delivered CBT (iCBT) remains limited in a number of countries. Translating existing programs and using a minimally monitored model of delivery may facilitate its dissemination across countries.Aims:This randomized control trial aims to evaluate the efficacy of an iCBT transdiagnostic program translated from English to French and offered in Canada using a minimally monitored delivery model for the treatment of anxiety and depression.Method:Sixty-three French speakers recruited in Canada were randomized to iCBT or a waiting-list. A French translation of an established program, the Wellbeing Course, was offered over 8 weeks using a minimally monitored delivery model. Primary outcome measures were the Generalized Anxiety Disorder-7 (GAD-7) and the Patient Health Questionnaire-9 (PHQ-9), which were obtained pre-treatment, post-treatment and at 3-month follow-up.Results:Mixed-effects models revealed that participants in the treatment group had significantly lower PHQ-9 and GAD-7 scores post-treatment than controls with small between-groups effect sizes (d = 0.34 and 0.37, respectively). Within-group effect sizes on primary outcome measures were larger in the treatment than control group. Clinical recovery rates on the PHQ-9 and GAD-7 were significantly higher among the treatment group (40 and 56%, respectively) than the controls (13 and 16%, respectively).Conclusions:The provision of a translated iCBT program using a minimally monitored delivery model may improve patients’ access to treatment of anxiety and depression across countries. This may be an optimal first step in improving access to iCBT before sufficient resources can be secured to implement a wider range of iCBT services.

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Mian, Maha N., Betty Lin, Julia M. Hormes, and Mitch Earleywine. "Establishing Safety and Stability for Enhanced Treatment Engagement With the Unified Protocol: A Case Study." Clinical Case Studies 19, no. 6 (August 27, 2020): 473–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650120952883.

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Despite the vast array of empirically validated treatments for psychopathological problems, interventions still require considerable client resources for engagement and success. For clients lacking safety and stability outside of therapy, numerous barriers to treatment can prevent improvement and lead to disengagement. In such cases, therapists can seek to understand clients’ difficulties with safety and stability. Developing both rapport and the client’s problem-solving abilities can instill a sense of agency, keeping clients in treatment for better outcomes overall. This case study describes the modified application of the Unified Protocol following safety planning and crisis management. “Mary,” a 23-year old female, presented to a training clinic with fluctuating mood episodes, trauma symptoms, and problem substance use; pre, post, and routinely collected session data with clinical report indicate symptom improvement and increased treatment engagement following client gains in safety, employment, and housing. This case illustrates the importance of the therapeutic alliance in establishing client safety to effectively deliver a transdiagnostic treatment to address core mechanisms underlying emotion dysregulation.

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Wilkinson, Brett D., and Fred J. Hanna. "Using the Precursors Model of Change to Facilitate Engagement Practices in Family Counseling." Family Journal 26, no. 3 (July 2018): 306–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1066480718795502.

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Many evidence-based family counseling approaches include an engagement phase of treatment. Such motivation-focused treatment practices may benefit from a conceptual model that highlights common client change mechanisms and relevant interventions. Addressing seven empirically validated change factors, the precursors model provides counselors with a relevant taxonomy for further understanding, addressing, and enhancing family engagement in counseling. It is suggested that exposing practitioners to the precursors model of change may serve to improve treatment outcomes, thereby benefiting both clients and the evidence-based practice movement in family counseling. The precursors model taxonomy is explained, and corresponding interventions are explored in the context of a case vignette.

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Borgermans, Liesbeth, Bert Vrijhoef, Jan Vandevoorde, Jan De Maeseneer, Johan Vansintejan, and Dirk Devroey. "Relevance of Hypersexual Disorder to Family Medicine and Primary Care as a Complex Multidimensional Chronic Disease Construct." International Journal of Family Medicine 2013 (August 27, 2013): 1–5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/519265.

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Hypersexual disorder (HD) is not defined in a uniform way in the psychiatric literature. In the absence of solid evidence on prevalence, causes, empirically validated diagnostic criteria, instruments for diagnosis, consistent guidelines on treatment options, medical and psychosocial consequences, and type of caregivers that need to be involved, HD remains a controversial and relatively poorly understood chronic disease construct. The role of family medicine in the detection, treatment, and followup of HD is not well studied. The purpose of this paper is to describe the complexity of HD as a multidimensional chronic disease construct and its relevance to family medicine and primary care.

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Singh, Nikita, and John Reece. "Psychotherapy, Pharmacotherapy, and Their Combination for Adolescents with Major Depressive Disorder: A Meta-Analysis." Australian Educational and Developmental Psychologist 31, no. 1 (December 23, 2013): 47–65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/edp.2013.20.

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This meta-analysis aims to inform clinical practice of treatment strategies for adolescents with major depressive disorder (MDD). The efficacy of three empirically validated treatments was compared to determine the most effective treatment. These were: cognitive-behavioural therapy (CBT), selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor (SSRI) pharmacotherapy, and combination CBT and SSRI therapy. Inclusion criteria required studies to report a reliable and valid pre- and post-treatment measure and adequate data for Hedge's g effect size to be calculated. Forty-nine studies meeting the above inclusion criteria were found and included in the analysis. Although all three treatment strategies were found to be effective, analysis revealed no significant difference in treatment outcome among CBT, SSRI, and combination therapy. An investigation of moderator variables revealed months to follow-up to significantly influence the relationship between treatment type and treatment outcome. Given that CBT has no side effects, is more cost effective, and is equally as effective as SSRI therapy and combination therapy, the current study makes a strong case for CBT as a first-line treatment strategy for adolescents with MDD.

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Cano, Cláudia Gomes, Sandra Pires, and Ana Catarina Serrano. "FEEDING AND EATING DISORDERS MANAGEMENT IN ADOLESCENCE - COGNITIVE BEHAVIORAL APPROACH." Psicologia e Saúde em Debate 7, no. 1 (April 13, 2021): 171–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.22289/2446-922x.v7n1a12.

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Feeding and Eating Disorders (FED) are amongst the most frequent and severe psychiatric disorders in adolescence. These disorders can be considered an important public health issue, since they mostly affect a young population with potential significant functional impact at a young age and throughout adult life. Cognitive behavioral approach has demonstrated evidence as one of the empirically validated reference treatments for all FED. This article aims to perform a narrative review of the cognitive behavioral conceptualization and treatment approach of FED. Enhanced Cognitive Behaviour Therapy (CCT-E) is the treatment of choice for adolescents with FED when Family Therapy is contraindicated, not accepted, or not effective. Furthermore, the importance of an early intervention is emphasized, since it has been demonstrated that CCT-E has more effective results and in a shorter period of time in adolescents compared with an adult population.

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Carvalho, M., D. Estevens, and O. Tur. "Efficacy of Combined Treatments, Psychological and Pharmacological, for Depression in Adults." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70938-1.

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According to the state of the art, combined treatments for depression are more efficacious than a unique approach. However, studies on the efficacy of different psychological treatments are scarce. We will present the results of an on-going research, carried out with the main purpose of analysing the efficacy of two psychological empirically validated treatments for depression, Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy (CBT) and Interpersonnal Therapy (IPT), combined with psychopharmacological approach. A sample of 30 adult females will be randomly assigned to one of three conditions: 1) CBT and pharmacological treatment; 2) IPT and pharmacological treatment; and 3) only pharmacological treatment. A multimodal assessment matrix will be used to evaluate depression, suicidal ideation and intention, and individual, social, and environmental factors commonly related to the onset of major depression, namely hopelessness and pessimism, cognitive processing, interpersonal relations, life events, before, at the end of treatments, and at follow-up. We expect that both combined approaches will be more efficacious in the reduction of depressive symptoms, including suicidal behaviours, compared to the pharmacological approach. We also expect to understand the sensitivity to change of the assessed psychological processes underlying each form of psychotherapy.

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Bowie, Christopher R., Maya Gupta, and Katherine Holshausen. "Cognitive Remediation Therapy for Mood Disorders: Rationale, Early Evidence, and Future Directions." Canadian Journal of Psychiatry 58, no. 6 (June 2013): 319–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/070674371305800603.

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People with mood disorders experience cognitive impairments that are predictive of functional disability. Cognitive remediation (CR) is an empirically validated intervention that is designed to remediate neurocognitive deficits and improve functioning. Although much of the focus of this treatment during the last decade has centred on attention deficit disorders, brain injury, and schizophrenia spectrum disorders, emerging evidence suggests that CR is an effective intervention for mood disorders and that these treatment effects translate into improvements in cognitive performance and possibly functioning. Our review aims to examine the profile and magnitude of cognitive impairments in mood disorders, review the evidence in support of CR for this population, and discuss future research directions in CR.

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Pearce, Michelle, Kerry Haynes, Natalia R. Rivera, and Harold G. Koenig. "Spiritually Integrated Cognitive Processing Therapy: A New Treatment for Post-traumatic Stress Disorder That Targets Moral Injury." Global Advances in Health and Medicine 7 (January 2018): 216495611875993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2164956118759939.

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Background Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is a debilitating disorder, and current treatments leave the majority of patients with unresolved symptoms. Moral injury (MI) may be one of the barriers that interfere with recovery from PTSD, particularly among current or former military service members. Objective Given the psychological and spiritual aspects of MI, an intervention that addresses MI using spiritual resources in addition to psychological resources may be particularly effective in treating PTSD. To date, there are no existing empirically based individual treatments for PTSD and MI that make explicit use of a patient’s spiritual resources, despite the evidence that spiritual beliefs/activities predict faster recovery from PTSD. Method To address this gap, we adapted Cognitive Processing Therapy (CPT), an empirically validated treatment for PTSD, to integrate clients’ spiritual beliefs, practices, values, and motivations. We call this treatment Spiritually Integrated CPT (SICPT). Results This article describes this novel manualized therapeutic approach for treating MI in the setting of PTSD for spiritual/religious clients. We provide a description of SICPT and a brief summary of the 12 sessions. Then, we describe a case study in which the therapist helps a client use his spiritual resources to resolve MI and assist in the recovery from PTSD. Conclusion SICPT may be a helpful way to reduce PTSD by targeting MI, addressing spiritual distress, and using a client’s spiritual resources. In addition to the spiritual version (applicable for those of any religion and those who do not identify as religious), we have also developed 5 religion-specific manuals (Christianity, Judaism, Islam, Buddhism, and Hinduism) for clients who desire a more religion-specific approach.

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Greer, Joseph A., Elyse R. Park, Holly G. Prigerson, and Steven A. Safren. "Tailoring Cognitive-Behavioral Therapy to Treat Anxiety Comorbid With Advanced Cancer." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 24, no. 4 (November 2010): 294–313. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.24.4.294.

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Patients with advanced cancer often experience debilitating anxiety symptoms that interfere with quality of life and relate to worse medical outcomes. Although cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) is an empirically validated, first-line treatment for anxiety disorders, clinical trials of CBT for anxiety typically exclude patients with medical comorbidities in general, and those with terminal illnesses, such as advanced cancer, in particular. Moreover, CBT has generally targeted unrealistic fears and worries in otherwise healthy individuals with clinically significant anxiety symptoms. Consequently, traditional CBT does not sufficiently address the cognitive components of anxiety in patients with cancer, especially negative thought patterns that are rational but nonetheless intrusive and distressing, such as concerns about pain, disability, and death, as well as management of multiple stressors, changes in functional status, and burdensome medical treatments. In this article, we describe a treatment approach for tailoring CBT to the needs of this population. Three case examples of patients diagnosed with terminal lung cancer are presented to demonstrate the treatment methods along with outcome measures for anxiety and quality of life.

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Norcross, John C. "Collegially Validated Limitations of Empirically Validated Treatments." Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 6, no. 4 (May 11, 2006): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy.6.4.472.

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Mestre-Bach, Gemma, Gretchen R. Blycker, and Marc N. Potenza. "Behavioral Therapies for Treating Female Sexual Dysfunctions: A State-of-the-Art Review." Journal of Clinical Medicine 11, no. 10 (May 16, 2022): 2794. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm11102794.

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Many possible factors impact sexual wellbeing for women across the lifespan, and holistic approaches are being utilized to promote health and to address sexual concerns. Female sexual dysfunction disorders, including female orgasmic disorder, female sexual interest/arousal disorder and genito-pelvic pain/penetration disorder, negatively impact quality of life for many women. To reduce distress and improve sexual functioning, numerous behavioral therapies have been tested to date. Here, we present a state-of-the-art review of behavioral therapies for female sexual dysfunction disorders, focusing on empirically validated approaches. Multiple psychotherapies have varying degrees of support, with cognitive-behavioral and mindfulness-based therapies arguably having the most empirical support. Nonetheless, several limitations exist of the studies conducted to date, including the frequent grouping together of multiple types of sexual dysfunctions in randomized clinical trials. Thus, additional research is needed to advance treatment development for female sexual dysfunctions and to promote female sexual health.

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Protopopova, Alexandra, Kelsea M. Brown, and Nathaniel J. Hall. "A Multi-Site Feasibility Assessment of Implementing a Best-Practices Meet-And-Greet Intervention in Animal Shelters in the United States." Animals 10, no. 1 (January 8, 2020): 104. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10010104.

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Animal shelters must incorporate empirically validated programs to increase life-saving measures; however, altering existing protocols is often a challenge. The current study assessed the feasibility of nine animal shelters within the United States to replicate a validated procedure for introducing an adoptable dog with a potential adopter (i.e., “meet-and-greet”) following an educational session. Each of the shelters were first entered into the “baseline” condition, where introduction between adoptable dogs and potential adopters were as usual. After a varying number of months, each shelter entered into the “experimental” phase, where staff and volunteers were taught best practices for a meet-and-greet using lecture, demonstration, and role-play. Data on the likelihood of adoption following a meet-and-greet were collected with automated equipment installed in meet-and-greet areas. Data on feasibility and treatment integrity were collected with questionnaires administered to volunteers and staff followed by a focus group. We found that a single educational session was insufficient to alter the meet-and-greet protocol; challenges included not remembering the procedure, opposing opinions of volunteers and staff, lack of resources, and a procedural drift effect in which the protocol was significantly altered across time. In turn, no animal shelters increased their dog adoptions in the “experimental” phase. New research is needed to develop effective educational programs to encourage animal shelters to incorporate empirical findings into their protocols.

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Hu, Liangyuan, Jiayi Ji, Hao Liu, and Ronald Ennis. "A Flexible Approach for Assessing Heterogeneity of Causal Treatment Effects on Patient Survival Using Large Datasets with Clustered Observations." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 22 (November 12, 2022): 14903. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192214903.

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Personalized medicine requires an understanding of treatment effect heterogeneity. Evolving toward causal evidence for scenarios not studied in randomized trials necessitates a methodology using real-world evidence. Herein, we demonstrate a methodology that generates causal effects, assesses the heterogeneity of the effects and adjusts for the clustered nature of the data. This study uses a state-of-the-art machine learning survival model, riAFT-BART, to draw causal inferences about individual survival treatment effects, while accounting for the variability in institutional effects; further, it proposes a data-driven approach to agnostically (as opposed to a priori hypotheses) ascertain which subgroups exhibit an enhanced treatment effect from which intervention, relative to global evidence—average treatment effects measured at the population level. Comprehensive simulations show the advantages of the proposed method in terms of bias, efficiency and precision in estimating heterogeneous causal effects. The empirically validated method was then used to analyze the National Cancer Database.

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Cho, Young Susan, and McKay Moore Sohlberg. "Training Adults with Brain Injury How to Help-seek when Lost: A Pilot Study." Brain Impairment 16, no. 2 (April 13, 2015): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/brimp.2015.4.

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There is no research on the assessment or treatment of help-seeking behaviours for individuals with traumatic brain injury (TBI). This paper describes the development of a protocol, NICE (Noticing you have a problem, Identifying the information you need for help, Compensatory strategies, Evaluating progress) to train help-seeking for adults with TBI when lost. Theoretical and treatment components from three empirically validated interventions that target social problem-solving and communication skills were adapted to develop NICE: the Group Interactive Structured Treatment for Social Competence (GIST), the Problem Solving Group Protocol (PSG) and Interpersonal Recall (IPR). Preliminary pilot data evaluating the efficacy are presented for three adult persons with TBI. All three participants improved on the Executive Function Route Finding Task (EFRT) and help-seeking behaviours when wayfinding. Help-seeking is a constitutive factor in the wayfinding process capable of improvement. Preliminary evidence supports further investigation of this group intervention.

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Norcross, J. "Commentary. Collegially validated limitations of empirically validated treatments." Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice 6, no. 4 (November 1, 1999): 472–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/clipsy/6.4.472.

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Samvel Asatryan, Miopap. "SENSIBLE DIAGNOSES FOR SENSIBLE CLINICIANS: THE NEW EDITION OF THE PSYCHODYNAMIC DIAGNOSTIC MANUAL (PDM-2)." Main Issues Of Pedagogy And Psychology 20, no. 2 (October 20, 2021): 47–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.24234/miopap.v20i2.407.

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The article analyzes psychodynamic clinical models focused on clinical case formulation and treatment planning, offers practitioners empirically grounded and clinically validated alternatives to such personality maps as the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders (DSM) and the International Classification of Diseases (ICD). The PDM-2 diagnostic model aims to provide a systematic description of healthy functioning and personality disorders; individual profiles of mental functioning (including patterns of relationships with other people, understanding and expressing feelings, overcoming stress and anxiety, regulating impulses, observing one's own emotions and behavior and forming moral judgments, etc.); as well as symptom patterns, including differences in each person's subjective experience of symptoms and in the subjective experiences of treating therapists.

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Crafti, Naomi A. "Integrating Cognitive-behavioural and Interpersonal Approaches in a Group Program for the Eating Disorders: Measuring Effectiveness in a Naturalistic Setting." Behaviour Change 19, no. 1 (April 1, 2002): 22–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/bech.19.1.22.

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AbstractA group treatment program, designed for post-adolescent women with a range of eating problems, was developed, implemented, evaluated and then transported to a different treatment setting to test its effectiveness. The treatment program was aimed at overcoming some of the difficulties traditionally associated with clinical trial treatment protocols. In particular, the inclusion of sub-clinical and comorbid clients, the integration of two empirically validated theoretical approaches (cognitive-behavioural therapy and interpersonal therapy), and the implementation of the program in both a generalist outpatient clinic staffed by postgraduate counselling students and a hospital specialist clinic, enabled treatment outcome to be assessed under more naturalistic conditions. Twenty-eight women (Mean age = 33 years), met in six small groups at the University clinic, and completed the 10-week group program, which incorporated both cognitive-behavioural and interpersonal components. Outcome was determined by measures of behaviour change, changes in eating psychopathology and measures of general psychopathology. In addition, treatment generalisability was assessed by running the group program in an alternative setting, with an additional 12 clients, led by two clinically trained therapists. Group data indicated improvement on most outcome measures at both posttreatment and follow-up, for treated clients (in both settings) relative to a waiting-list control group. The variables which were most affected by treatment, however, were not necessarily those specifically targeted by the intervention. The results demonstrate the need to gather empirical data on psychotherapy as it is actually practiced, with a broad range of clients, therapists and using integrated treatment approaches.

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Ohmura, Kito, Christian M. Thürlimann, Marco Kipf, Juan Pablo Carbajal, and Kris Villez. "Characterizing long-term wear and tear of ion-selective pH sensors." Water Science and Technology 80, no. 3 (August 1, 2019): 541–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.2166/wst.2019.301.

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Abstract Today, the development and testing of methods for fault detection and identification in wastewater treatment research relies on two important assumptions: (i) that sensor faults appear at distinct times in different sensors and (ii) that any given sensor will function near-perfectly for a significant amount of time following installation. In this work, we show that such assumptions are unrealistic, at least for sensors built around an ion-selective measurement principle. Indeed, long-term exposure of sensors to treated wastewater shows that sensors exhibit fault symptoms that appear simultaneously and with similar intensity. Consequently, this suggests that future research should be reoriented towards methods that do not rely on the assumptions mentioned above. This study also provides the first empirically validated sensor fault model for wastewater treatment simulation, which is useful for effective benchmarking of both fault detection and identification methods and advanced control strategies. Finally, we evaluate the value of redundancy for remote sensor validation in decentralized wastewater treatment systems.

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Doabler, Christian T., Ben Clarke, Derek Kosty, Evangeline Kurtz-Nelson, Hank Fien, Keith Smolkowski, and Scott K. Baker. "Examining the Impact of Group Size on the Treatment Intensity of a Tier 2 Mathematics Intervention Within a Systematic Framework of Replication." Journal of Learning Disabilities 52, no. 2 (July 20, 2018): 168–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0022219418789376.

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Group size and treatment intensity are understudied topics in mathematics intervention research. This study examined whether the treatment intensity and overall intervention effects of an empirically validated Tier 2 mathematics intervention varied between intervention groups with 2:1 and 5:1 student-teacher ratios. Student practice opportunities and the quality of explicit instruction served as treatment intensity metrics. A total of 465 kindergarten students with mathematics difficulties from 136 intervention groups participated. Results suggested comparable performances between the 2:1 and 5:1 intervention groups on six outcome measures. Observation data indicated that student practice differed by group size. Students in the 5:1 groups received more opportunities to practice with their peers, while students in the 2:1 groups participated in more frequent and higher quality individualized practice opportunities. Implications in terms of delivering Tier 2 interventions in small-group formats and engaging at-risk learners in meaningful practice opportunities are discussed.

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Doyle, Melissa M. "Anxiety Disorders in Children." Pediatrics In Review 43, no. 11 (November 1, 2022): 618–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1542/pir.2020-001198.

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Anxiety disorders are the most common mental health disorders in children with clearly defined and empirically based treatment. However, assessment and treatment pose several obstacles for pediatric providers. A child who may have age-appropriate communication skills will still struggle to accurately report the presence, timing, and severity of symptoms. Reports from parents, caregivers, and teachers are often subjective and can focus on 1 aspect of the child’s behavior. Untreated, anxiety disorders have an adverse effect on a child’s functioning, and impairments in physical health, academic performance, and social competence can lead to lifelong consequences. Well-validated and rapidly administered screening tools can be used to gather data from schools and other resources to inform the diagnosis, guide treatment recommendations, and track improvements. Limited training on behavioral health diagnosis and fear of “black box warnings” have left many pediatric clinicians reluctant to prescribe medications. There are readily available practice guidelines for these medications, and data documenting the efficacy of these medications for children should encourage their use.

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Chambless, Dianne L. "Empirically validated treatments—What now?" Applied and Preventive Psychology 8, no. 4 (September 1999): 281–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0962-1849(05)80043-5.

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Hermansyah, Hermansyah, and Nurhendi Nurhendi. "The Influence Of Flash Card Toward Students’ English Vocabulary Mastery During Covid-19." Jurnal Syntax Fusion 1, no. 11 (November 20, 2021): 735–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.54543/fusion.v1i11.101.

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The purpose of this research is to see how flash cards influence the students' English vocabulary mastery. The researchers of this research used quantitative research methods with posttest only control design of true experimental design. The random sampling method was employed in this research's sampling. The data collected in this research was put to the test (multiple choice test). The researchers of this research gave different treatments for the experimental and control groups. The treatment for the experimental group was learning English with flash card media and the treatment for the control group was learning English conventionally. After the two sample groups were given different treatment, the two sample groups were each given a posttest with an instrument consisting of 20 multiple-choice questions with 4 alternative answer choices that had been tested beforehand and validated empirically. Analysis of research data is descriptive and inferential, which inferentially uses the t test, by first testing the assumptions of data normality and homogeneity of variance. The results showed that flash cards had an influence on students' English vocabulary mastery. Therefore, it can be said that this research has proved that there was a significant result of using Flash Cards towards children's English vocabulary mastery.

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Brett, Benjamin L., Andrew W. Kuhn, Aaron M. Yengo-Kahn, Gary Solomon, and Scott L. Zuckerman. "197 The Relative Odds of Sustaining a Sport-Related Concussion: A Study of 12,320 Student-Athletes." Neurosurgery 64, CN_suppl_1 (August 24, 2017): 253. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/neuros/nyx417.197.

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Abstract INTRODUCTION Accurately quantifying the risk of sport-related concussion (SRC) can prove valuable in the management of student-athletes. Our objective was to develop and validate an aggregate risk score based on biopsychosocial factors to predict the odds of sustaining a SRC. METHODS An ambispective study was undertaken of 12,320 middle school, high school and collegiate athletes. Neurocognitive testing was completed at preseason (baseline) and post-SRC. Multiple univariate and multivariable logistic regression models were used to determine which pre-injury variables accurately predicted the occurrence of SRC. The score was validated utilizing bootstrapping resampling. RESULTS >Five variables maintained significance in the multivariable model, with corresponding risk score points: SRC history (21), prior headache treatment (6), contact sport (5), youth level of play (7), and history of ADHD/LD (2). Six groups were formed based on the differentiation of the probability of SRC. Classification of odds of SRC by these categories produced an area under the curve (AUC) of 0.71 (95% CI 0.69−0.72, P < 0.001). The scoring system was a significant predictor of SRC, X2 = 1112.75, P < 0.001, df = 7, although with small effect size. CONCLUSION An aggregate score was developed and internally validated to empirically assess factors associated with increased odds of sustaining a SRC. This summative score can be used as an adjunct to better conceptualize the odds of concussion for student-athletes. However, it is important to note that several other factors were not accounted for in the model and must be considered in the assessment of SRC risk.

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Hodgson, Janet, Skye McDonald, Robyn Tate, and Paul Gertler. "A Randomised Controlled Trial of a Cognitive-Behavioural Therapy Program for Managing Social Anxiety After Acquired Brain Injury." Brain Impairment 6, no. 3 (December 1, 2005): 169–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.2005.6.3.169.

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AbstractDespite the prevalence of psychiatric illness in people with acquired brain injury (ABI), there are very few empirically validated studies examining the efficacy of treatments targeting commonly occurring disorders such as depression and anxiety. Using a randomised controlled trial, this study evaluated the efficacy of a cognitive behavioural intervention specifically designed for managing social anxiety following ABI. Twelve brain-injured participants were screened, randomly allocated to either treatment group (TG) or a wait list group (WLG), and proceeded through to the final stages of therapy. The TG received between 9 and 14 hourly, individual sessions of cognitive behavioural therapy. Repeated measures analyses revealed significant improvements in general anxiety, depression and a transient mood measure, tension-anxiety, for the TG when compared to the WLG at posttreatment. These treatment gains were maintained at one-month follow-up. Although in the predicted direction, postintervention improvements in social anxiety and self-esteem for the TG were not significant in comparison with the WLG. This study lends support to the small body of literature highlighting the potential of cognitive behavioural interventions for managing the psychological problems that serve as a barrier to rehabilitation following ABI.

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Wang, Zhenhua, Qiang Zhang, and Bin Wu. "Development of an Empirically Calibrated Model of Esophageal Squamous Cell Carcinoma in High-Risk Regions." BioMed Research International 2019 (May 22, 2019): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2019/2741598.

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Objective. This study constructs, calibrates, and verifies a mathematical simulation model designed to project the natural history of ESCC and is intended to serve as a platform for testing the benefits and cost-effectiveness of primary and secondary ESCC prevention alternatives.Methods. The mathematical model illustrates the natural history of ESCC as a sequence of transitions among health states, including the primary health states (e.g., normal mucosa, precancerous lesions, and undetected and detected cancer). Using established calibration approaches, the parameter sets related to progression rates between health states were optimized to lead the model outputs to match the observed data (specifically, the prevalence of precancerous lesions and incidence of ESCC from the published literature in Chinese high-risk regions). As illustrative examples of clinical and policy application, the calibrated and validated model retrospectively simulate the potential benefit of two reported ESCC screening programs.Results. Nearly 1,000 good-fitting parameter sets were identified from 1,000,000 simulated sets. Model outcomes had sufficient calibration fit to the calibration targets. Additionally, the verification analyses showed reasonable external consistency between the model-predicted effectiveness of ESCC screening and the reported data from clinical trials.Conclusions. This parameterized mathematical model offers a tool for future research investigating benefits, costs, and cost-effectiveness related to ESCC prevention and treatment.

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Matthews, Alicia K., Patrick W. Corrigan, and Judith Lee Rutherford. "Mental Illness Stigma as a Barrier to Psychosocial Services for Cancer Patients." Journal of the National Comprehensive Cancer Network 1, no. 3 (July 2003): 375–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.6004/jnccn.2003.0032.

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Empirically validated psychosocial interventions have been shown to improve adjustment and coping among cancer patients. Therefore, an emerging standard of practice is to integrate supportive services for cancer patients into the medical management of the disease. However, unanticipated barriers may negatively influence receptivity to psychosocial services. For example, among the general population, two-thirds of individuals in need of psychiatric services do not receive them. Numerous barriers have been reported that interfere with receipt of mental health services among members of the general population. In addition to access issues, stigma associated with mental illness and its treatment represents a significant barrier to care. Stigma associated with mental illness and mental health services use is an under-researched barrier to the effective management of the psychosocial sequelae of a cancer diagnosis and treatment. This article reviews the relevant literature on mental health stigma and makes recommendations for increasing access to psychosocial services for cancer patients and their families.

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Lane, Brigitte, and Marianna Szabó. "Uncontrolled, Repetitive Eating of Small Amounts of Food or ‘Grazing’: Development and Evaluation of a New Measure of Atypical Eating." Behaviour Change 30, no. 2 (April 11, 2013): 57–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/bec.2013.6.

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Grazing, or the uncontrolled, repetitive eating of small amounts of food is being increasingly recognised as an important eating behaviour associated with obesity. In spite of the need for a better understanding of this eating behaviour for improved obesity treatment, currently there is no empirically validated self-report measure to assess grazing. Therefore, to contribute to a better understanding of this relatively understudied eating pattern, a new self-report questionnaire of grazing was developed in this study. Questionnaire items were designed to reflect previous empirical descriptions of grazing. A group of 248 university students completed the Grazing Questionnaire, other measures of eating-related behaviours and cognitions, and negative emotion. Sixty-two participants completed the Grazing Questionnaire a second time to calculate its temporal stability. Exploratory factor analysis revealed a clear two-factor solution for the questionnaire, reflecting repetitive eating behaviour and a perception of loss of control. Scores on the Grazing Questionnaire were positively associated with other measures of disordered eating, especially with binge eating. Initial psychometric properties of the new questionnaire are promising. Future research is now needed to examine the prevalence of this eating behaviour in more diverse populations, including those with binge eating disorder and obesity.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Empirically validated treatment'

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