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De, Mello Maria M. M. Q. "Theoretical and empirical issues in tourism demand analysis." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2001. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/11273/.
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The majority of empirical studies of tourism analysis use a static single equation approach to model the demand for tourism of one origin for one or more destination countries. The examination of such studies generally shows that the economic interpretation and policy implications drawn as conclusions are based on mis-specified models, invalid estimation and inference procedures, inconsistent estimates and poor forecasting performance. Static single equation models of tourism demand tend to neglect interdependencies among destinations, ignore nonstationarity, overlook dynamics and, generally, disregard economic theory. Empirical specifications constrained by these flaws are bound to generate biased and inconsistent estimates upon which no reliable economic analysis or policy implication can be based. In an analytical context that focuses on the UK tourism demand for France, Spain and Portugal in the period 1969-1997, the main objective of this thesis is to demonstrate that consistent elasticities' estimates and reliable forecasts can be obtained from empirical models which are based on the principles of economic theory, and specified and rigorously tested within the rules of sound econometric methodology. The alternative models estimated in chapters 4 to 7 include error-correction autoregressive distributed lag models (ARDL), static and dynamic almost ideal demands systems (AIDS) and cointegrated vector autoregressive models (VAR). The main findings that emerge from the study are as follow. The battery of diagnostic tests applied to the dynamic error-correction ARDL models provide sufficient evidence to classify them as statistically robust, structurally stable and well-defined specifications. The evidence obtained for the AIDS and VAR systems indicates them as data-coherent and theoretically-consistent models, complying with the utility maximisation hypotheses. The similarity, across models, of the estimates of the long-run structural parameters and the accuracy of the forecasts they provide further support the reliability of these models for explaining and predicting the UK tourism demand behaviour, in contrast to the static single equations estimated in chapter 3. The specifications of chapters 4 to 7 can easily be extended, without loss of generality, to more origins and destinations and can be adapted to alternative contexts such as the demand for specific regions within a country, specific resorts within a region or even specific types of tourism products such as accommodation or leisure facilities, within a local area.
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Lazaro, Edith E. "An Empirical Analysis of Rice Demand in Tanzania." The Ohio State University, 2014. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1417794337.
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Amoah, Anthony. "Estimating demand for utilities in Ghana : an empirical analysis." Thesis, University of East Anglia, 2016. https://ueaeprints.uea.ac.uk/61277/.
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Using a variety of techniques, this doctoral thesis seeks to estimate the demand for key utilities such as electricity and residential water supply in Ghana. This thesis comprises of four chapters that estimate demand for electricity and residential water supply in Ghana. Chapter one is a joint paper published in the Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews journal with Justice Tei Mensah and George Marbuah as co-authors. Although we all worked together from the introduction to the end of the paper; my principal role was writing literature review, sections of the data and discussion. The key idea was to disaggregate the energy sector and individually estimate the demand for each type of energy in Ghana. Chapter two estimates household demand for electricity in Ghana. We use the Contingent Valuation Method (CVM) to estimate the demand for a 24-hour electricity service among households in Ghana. In response to the current CVM debate, this study investigates critical issues such as hypothetical bias, WTA&WTP convergence/divergence, and scope sensitivity that can easily invalidate our estimates. Chapter three seeks to estimate demand for piped-water services in urban Ghana. The paper applies three different valuation methods to estimate demand, thus providing validity checks for our estimates using competing methods. Chapter four is a single authored paper published in Water Policy Journal. This chapter seeks to estimate demand for domestic water from an innovative borehole system in rural Ghana using stated and revealed preference approaches. First, the study investigates demand for domestic water supply from an innovative borehole system using the CVM. We further estimate demand for current service of domestic water supply in residences using the Hedonic Pricing Method (HPM). This is achieved through a survey from rural districts in the Greater Accra Region, Ghana. Interval regression and ordinary least squares (OLS) are applied to investigate the determinants of willingness-to-pay (WTP). The main findings of this thesis may be summarised as follows: 1. Our results show that energy prices, income, urbanization and economic structure are significant demand drivers of the different energy types in Ghana with varying estimated elasticities. We find that there is a high degree of responsiveness of electricity demand to income changes by mainly the industrial sector relative to households. 2. Households are willing to pay between 7% and 15% of their income to have a 24hour supply of electricity in the GAR of Ghana. However, our cost & benefit analysis show a net cost of GHS567.52million ($146.97million) per annum. 3. The average amount that a household is willing to pay per month for a reliable piped-water services is GHS 44.73 or US$14.27 (HPM), GHS 22.72 or US$7.25 (TCM) and GHS 47.80 or US$15.25 (CVM) respectively. These amounts are equivalent to 3%-8% of households’ income. We find evidence of a positive net benefit of GHS 486.78million (US$155,49million) per annum. 4. Finally, regarding water supplied from the innovative borehole system and current improved water services, we find evidence that monthly WTP values are GHS35.90 (US$11.45) and GHS17.59 (US$5.61) in the CVM and HPM, respectively. These values represent approximately 3%-6% of household monthly income which is consistent with earlier studies. By way of conclusion, the author follows these empirical findings and prescribe several policy recommendations to inform policy direction in the utility sector(s) in Ghana and other developing countries with similar characteristics.
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Lund, Christensen Mette. "Essays in empirical demand analysis : evidence from panel data /." Copenhagen, 2005. http://www.gbv.de/dms/zbw/500354073.pdf.
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Al-Bassam, K. A. "Money demand and supply in Saudi Arabia : an empirical analysis." Thesis, University of Leicester, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2381/4214.
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The main objectives of this study are: Firstly, to provide a clear picture of the Saudi money market in terms of its main characteristics, its financial institutions and the obstacles facing the market and its financial institutions. Secondly, to determine appropriate money demand functions for different money definitions in Saudi Arabia, using quarterly data which run from 1976:1 to 1986:4, and to test the stability and forcasting power of these functions. Thirdly, to determine theoretically and empirically the factors affecting the money supply in Saudi Arabia using annual data which run from 1967 to 1987. Finally, to determine empirically the factors affecting the Riyal market interest rate (domestic interest rate), using quarterly data which run from 1979:1 to 1988:2.
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Rustøen, Frida. "Empirical Analysis of the Demand for Durable and Non-Durable Goods." Thesis, Norges teknisk-naturvitenskapelige universitet, Institutt for samfunnsøkonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:no:ntnu:diva-14154.
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Liu, Kang Ernest. "Food demand in urban China an empirical analysis using micro household data /." Columbus, OH : Ohio State University, 2003. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1044408843.
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Thesis (Ph. D.)--Ohio State University, 2003.Title from first page of PDF file. Document formatted into pages; contains xiii, 150 p.: ill. Includes abstract and vita. Advisor: Wern S. Chem, Dept. of Agricultural, Environmental, and Development Economics. Includes bibliographical references (p. 143-150).
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Cadete, Xavier Ana Mafalda. "Waiting times and waiting lists : a theoretical and empirical analysis of the market for elective surgery." Thesis, University of York, 2000. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.341093.
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Ozuduru, Burcu H. "An empirical analysis of shopping center locations in Ohio." Columbus, Ohio : Ohio State University, 2006. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=osu1157038477.
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Mlambo, Kupukile. "Total factor productivity growth : an empirical analysis of Zimbabwe's manufacturing sector based on factor demand modelling /." Göteborg : Nationalekonomiska institutionen, Handelshögsk, 1993. http://bvbr.bib-bvb.de:8991/F?func=service&doc_library=BVB01&doc_number=005857517&line_number=0001&func_code=DB_RECORDS&service_type=MEDIA.
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Wright, Gordon Gilbert. "An empirical analysis and stochastic modelling of aggregate demand behaviour in a spare parts inventory system." Thesis, City University London, 1991. http://openaccess.city.ac.uk/7728/.
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The focus of the work here was an empirical analysis of the aggregate independent demand behaviour for spare parts inventories, principally in the automotive industry. In particular, using the pioneering work of RG Brown (1959), who showed that inventory usage values are often log normally distributed, we set out and developed models that go some considerable way to explaining the underlying stochastic basis for this phenomena, why it occurs and some limiting conditions. The justification for this approach was on the grounds that by providing a more fundamental understanding of the underlying stochastic processes that explain the emergent aggregate demand behaviour, a sound starting point would be provided for developing more sophisticated analytical ways to view an inventory range, as a total entity, for planning and control purposes. The analysis was based on extensive data collected from the DAF Trucks (GB) Ltd. spare parts systems spanning the period 1975 to 1986, together with supporting studies from a number of other systems. The analysis showed that in the systems studied spare parts prices are lognormally distributed and this is most likely to be the result of a stochastic process known as the 'theory of breakage'. Analysis also showed that in the DAF Trucks case aggregated and volumes in very short time periods are distributed as a combined Log Series /Negative Binomial distribution (LSD/NBD). The combined LSD/NBD model of aggregate demand volumes is itself fully explained by a stochastic model known as the Afwedson model, which in turn is derived from more elementary conditions based on the Poisson process. We then demonstrated that if these short period aggregate demand distributions are cumulated period by period they converge to a log normal distribution as the stable long run model of aggregate demand volumes. As a result of the lognormality of prices and volumes the resultant inventory usage values are also log normal. Furthermore from insight into the underlying factors that explain the lognormality we have identified the factors and variables that govern the valueso f the parameterso f the particular log normal models of usage values. - The research protocol used in this work incorporated the law verifying process know as 'retroduction' after work and discussions of Uji Ijiri and Herbert Simon (1977); and to a lesser extent we utilised simulation for validation and verification of the derived models. From the proven log normality of demand volumes and usage values we have demonstrated that a number of related key inventory factors are also lognormal, in particular inventory- item turnover rates. Furthermore our conclusions show that some standard inventory performance measures, such as the inventory wide 'stock turnover rate' and the 'stock to sales' ratio, are poor measures to use in the case of highly skewed inventory variables. Finally we have suggested several potentially fruitful areas for developing improved methods of monitoring inventory performance in a variety of circumstances.
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Akbay, Cuma. "An empirical analysis of consumption patterns for socioeconomics groups : an application of almost ideal demand system /." The Ohio State University, 2000. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=osu1488196781733602.
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Mertesacker, Sebastian [Verfasser], Johannes [Gutachter] Münster, and Van Anh [Gutachter] Vuong. "Essays on the Empirical Analysis of Residential Energy Demand / Sebastian Mertesacker ; Gutachter: Johannes Münster, Van Anh Vuong." Köln : Universitäts- und Stadtbibliothek Köln, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1239239084/34.
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Abuka, Charles Augustine. "An empirical analysis of the impact of trade on productivity in South Africa's manufacturing sector." Pretoria : [s.n.], 2005. http://upetd.up.ac.za/thesis/available/etd-04182005-135116.
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Mahmoud, Ahmad. "Syria-EU Bilateral Trade Relation : An empirical analysis of the changes in export demand between 2006 and 2009." Thesis, Internationella Handelshögskolan, Högskolan i Jönköping, IHH, Nationalekonomi, 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hj:diva-19092.
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This study explores the impact of economic downturn in the EU-27 on Syrian trade and the sensitivity of oil and petroleum products to this downturn. This is carried out using a derivation of the gravity model to determine the export demand. Syrian export with its top 30 trading partners as well as the EU-27 are taken into consideration along with various other trade determinants when measuring the changes in total export volume. The study finds that EU-27 is an important source of demand for Syria, but a downturn in the EU economy will not necessarily have a detrimental effect on Syrian economy. On the other hand, oil plays a far more important role on the country’s exports and its demand is less sensitive to economic fluctuations.
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Turton, Felix. "A study of inefficiency and arbitrage opportunity an empirical analysis of the fixed and demand-based betting market /." Diss., Connect to the thesis, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10066/1457.
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Elberse, Anita. "Demand and supply dynamics for sequentially released products in international markets : an empirical analysis applied to motion pictures." Thesis, London Business School (University of London), 2002. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.399272.
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Rea, David J. "Surviving the Surge: Real-time Analytics in the Emergency Department." University of Cincinnati / OhioLINK, 2021. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=ucin1624914727282486.
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Rattrie, Lucy T. B. "The role of demands and resources in the international work context : conceptual approach and empirical analysis." Thesis, University of Stirling, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1893/20229.
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The Job Demands-Resources (JD-R) model (Bakker and colleagues) has received increasing attention in recent years, yet there is a distinct literature gap regarding its utility and value towards the international work context. In line with this, understanding how to design jobs representing enhanced climates of work engagement for internationally operating staff alludes practitioners. This thesis therefore aims to substantiate the claim that previous research applying the JD-R model has neglected the international work context and evaluate whether the model has potential to be used as a framework for managing burnout, work engagement and related outcomes beyond the use in solely national contexts. In order to do so, two review studies (systematic and meta-analytic) and two empirical studies (qualitative and quantitative) are conducted of the JD-R model in the international work context. Findings suggest: that existing JD-R literature does not consider the international work context, highlighting a distinct literature gap requiring attention, in order to achieve a holistic understanding of the model and its applicability; strong meta-analytic support for the JD-R model and the impact of variation in the international work context represented by dimensions of national culture; the JD-R model has potential for responding to the management of burnout and work engagement for international business travelers but may benefit from theoretical amendments that focus the models utility and direct scholarly research and practitioner approaches; that the model may not be as valuable as assumed for the international business traveler context, yet it is worth considering the findings in light of relevant literature and possible limitations. Overall, the findings suggest a distinct need for more research examining the JD-R model in the international work context. A number of potential theoretical amendments are suggested in a conceptual internationalized JD-R model that can be used as a foundation for future empirical work to establish the boundaries of the model and its utility. From a practitioner perspective, until more research is conducted, JD-R principles should be applied with caution. As a whole, this thesis encompasses theoretical, empirical and practical contributions relevant for scholarly and practitioner communities which can be built upon over time with regards to the proposed conceptual model.
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Aziz, Tabinda. "Empirical Analyses of Human-Machine Interactions focusing on Driver and Advanced Driver Assistance Systems." 京都大学 (Kyoto University), 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/2433/195975.
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Cyganski, Rita. "Was zieht uns an? Empirische Grundlagen für eine verbesserte Abbildung der Einkaufszielwahl in Verkehrsnachfragemodellen." Doctoral thesis, Humboldt-Universität zu Berlin, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.18452/22101.
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Eine große Herausforderung für Verkehrsmodelle stellt die korrekte Abbildung der Entscheidungsmuster bei der Zielwahl dar. Diese bestimmt die räumlichen Strukturen der Nachfrage und steht in engem Zusammenhang mit zentralen Ergebnissen der Nachfragemodellierung.
Rund ein Drittel der Alltagswege in Deutschland sind Einkaufs- und Erledigungwege. Zahlreiche Arbeiten zeigen die Bedeutung von habitualisierten Verhaltensmustern bei der Wahl eines Einkaufsortes. Die Motive der Geschäftswahl gelten als sehr vielfältig. Besondere Bedeutung wird zudem den Primäraktivitätenorten zugeschrieben. Gleichwohl erfolgt die Abbildung der Zielwahl in der Nachfragemodellierung zumeist sehr vereinfachend. Gewöhnlich wird von einem Versorgungseinkauf mit der Geschäftsgröße und der Anreisezeit ausgegangen.
Diese Arbeit zeigt anhand empirischer Auswertungen Möglichkeiten einer verhaltensorientierten Abbildung der Einkaufszielwahl in mikroskopischen Personenverkehrsmodellen auf. Im Fokus stehen die Variabilität der Geschäftswahl, die ausschlaggebenden Motive sowie die räumlichen Bezugspunkte der Suche. Am Beispiel des Erwerbs von Nahrungs- und Genussmitteln, von Textilien sowie von Unterhaltungselektronik werden Unterschiede zwischen Einkaufswaren verschiedener Fristigkeit, aber auch zwischen verschiedenen Personengruppen herausgearbeitet.
Simulationsrechnungen mit dem Nachfragemodell TAPAS zeigen, dass eine Differenzierung der Einkaufsart sowie die Nutzung eines motivgestützen Erreichbarkeitsmaßes die Modellierungsergebnisse stark verbessern. Die Arbeit stellt erweiterte Indikatoren für eine Berücksichtigung der räumlichen Bezugspunkte bei der Beurteilung der Modellierungsergebnisse bereit. Auch stehen mit den Analysen der Aktivitätenräume, der Umwegfaktoren, der Lage der Einkaufsorte sowie der kumulierten Reiseweiten Informationen zur Verfügung, die generell für die Definition adäquater Suchräume und Bezugspunkte für die Modellierung städtischer Untersuchungsgebiete genutzt werden können.A major challenge in travel demand modelling is the correct representation of decision patterns underlying the choice of destinations. This choice determines the spatial structures of demand and is closely related to central modelling results. Around one third of everyday trips in Germany are for shopping and errands. Numerous studies show the importance of habitualised behavioral patterns when choosing a shopping location. The motives for choosing a shop are considered to be very diverse. Particular importance is attributed to primary activity locations. Nevertheless, the representation of the target choice in demand modelling is usually very simplified. Usually, a supply purchase is implicitly assumed, with the size of the shop and travel time from the previous location being the most important choice criteria. Using empirical analyses, this dissertation shows possibilities for a behavior-oriented depiction of shopping location choice in microscopic passenger transport models. These are discussed in terms of their usability for modeling. The analyses focus on the variability of destinations, the decisive motives and the spatial reference points of the location search. Using the example of the purchase of food and beverages, textiles and consumer electronics, differences between shopping goods of different periodicity and also different groups of people are presented. Simulation calculations with the demand model TAPAS show that a differentiation of the type of purchase and the use of a motive-based accessibility measure greatly improves the modelling results. The dissertation provides extended indicators for a consideration of spatial reference points in the evaluation of the modelling results. Furthermore, the analyses of activity areas, diversion factors, the location of shopping locations and cumulative travel distances provide information that can be generally used to define adequate search areas and reference points for the modelling of urban study areas.Einkaufsverhalten
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Shi, Cun-Yan, and 施存彥. "An Empirical Analysis of the Taiwan’s Import Demand." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/08136416005987621817.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
經濟學研究所
101
Domestic import function of literature, most of them use aggregate import function or classify them into a variety of goods. The aggregate imports for the analysis of the object may not be able to understand the various important message; if the classification was too detail, it will lack the corresponding data, enabling the information obtained bias. Therefore in this paper, we divided import function into agricultural, capital equipment and consumption, respectively, to explore the characteristics of various import functions.
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Mello, Maria M. De. "Theoretical and Empirical Issues in Tourism Demand Analysis." Doctoral thesis, 2001. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/71120.
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Yu, Wei. "Empirical analysis of dynamics in demand and pricing." Thesis, 2015. https://hdl.handle.net/2144/14576.
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This doctoral dissertation provides a framework for analyzing consumer's demand and firm's pricing strategy under a dynamic setting. The results bring new methods and empirical evidence to the existing literature within this realm.
The first chapter evaluates retailers' choice of service even when service is not observed. Retailer optimization over service alters manufacturers' price setting and thus provides the required identification. Using new data containing wholesale prices from China's second largest wireless carrier, I construct and estimate a dynamic structural model including both demand and supply. I find that service has a significantly positive effect on expanding market demand; however, its impact subsides over time. I argue that this pattern provides a potential explanation for Apple's initial exclusive contract with China Unicom and subsequent contract arrangements.
The second chapter is a joint work with Gautam Gowrisankaran and Marc Rysman. We develop and implement a new method for calculating price-cost margins in a durable goods environment. We study the industry of digital camcorders and analyze how margins differ across products, firms and time. We are particularly interested in the extent to which falling marginal costs explain falling prices. Using demand estimates and our new method, we generate non-parametric distributions of marginal costs that each firm expects for each product. We show that marginal cost falls dramatically by an average of $300 and that the price-cost margin is strongly correlated with quality. We also find that the market share is an important driver for the dynamic effects in our model.
The last chapter investigates firm's price adjustment processes, with a particular focus on the micro-level determinants of the frequency of price changes. Using the same data as in the first chapter, I construct and estimate a model of the frequency of price adjustments within products. I find that the price of a high quality product tends to adjust more often. Older products are more likely to change price than newer ones. Also, firms are more responsive to seasonal effects than to market competition.
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Mello, Maria M. De. "Theoretical and Empirical Issues in Tourism Demand Analysis." Tese, 2001. https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/71120.
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Chen, Chun-Chang, and 陳俊瑺. "The Empirical Analysis of Petroleum Demand in Mainland China." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/70952675284953474011.
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碩士國立臺灣大學
國家發展研究所
94
The purpose of this research is to forecast the oil demand in China using the data of macroeconomy and understand the relation between the oil consumption and economy. Mainland China became the second country for oil consumption around the world in 2003. Not only be the materials of energy, but also be the important strategical materials. Therefore, the topic of oil demand in Mainland China is the very valuable to consider. The models of this analysis is following：1.ARIMA models are used the annual and quarterly data to create. To calculate next ten years oil consumption separately and compare with the conclusion which be forecasted by international energy agencies. 2.Regrassion model. Using real oil price, real GDP and oil consumption create model. 3.cointegrating test and Error Correction Model. In order to include the long and short term factors, it uses the error correction method to make the equation better. 4.Granger test. The most interesting part of this topic is to find out what if the relation between the real GDP, the economic development, and oil consumption in Mainland China. The conclusion of this research indicates the oil consumption will increase in the future whatever the speed fast or slow. According to regression model, the rising oil price will decrease the quality of oil consumption. Also, oil consumption will increased by the high personal income. However the biggest factor is the consumption last year. Finally, Granger causality test point out the oil consumption and economical development has not any causal relation in Mainland China.
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Yang, Shu-Hui, and 楊淑慧. "Empirical Analysis of Labor Demand in Taiwan Textile Industries." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/27525303819640772084.
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碩士淡江大學
產業經濟研究所
83
This thesis uses the data reported on 1981,1986,1991,INDUST- RIAL and COMMERCIAL CENSUS TAIWAN-FUKIEN AREA, the Republic of China. First, we describe the adjustment process of labor demand in the textile industry during the ten years,and find the causes that changed the employment turnover of these firms. Second, we consider plant characteristics to observe whether there is diff- erence in labor demand or adjustment process of employment. Finally we use the same data to estimate the labor demand of the textile industry.It provides some of implications how the textile plants Change its labor input under this environment of present economy.
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Kim, Nam-Hyun. "Semiparametric models with endogeneity and their application to an empirical demand analysis." Thesis, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/82605.
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During the past few decades, nonparametric models have been extensively applied to empirical studies in various fields of economics due to its flexibility for depicting any type of relationship among key economic variables. However, one of the most well-known shortfalls of the model is the curse of dimensionality. It can be conveniently overcome with semiparametric modelling such as partially linear (PL) models and/or single-index (SI) models. Nonetheless, the practicality of these models in the empirical studies has been hampered by the lack of appropriate estimation procedures and a method to address endogeneity. Hence the ultimate goal of this thesis is to establish a novel econometric method for estimating semiparametrics, specifically a PL model and an extended generalised partially linear single-index (EGPLSI) model, with the presence of endogeneity. Furthermore, semiparametric analysis is an important tool for analysing empirical Engel curves, which often involve endogeneity in total expenditure. We show that, our newly developed estimation procedures and methods are able to address the endogeneity problem in the semiparametric analysis of empirical Engel curves. These goals can be broken down into a few research objectives. (1) Firstly, this thesis aims to construct a comprehensive and systematic treatment of endogeneity in semiparametrics, given the complexity of the models containing both parametric and nonparametric components. (2) Secondly, it aims to develop novel estimation procedures and methods to address endogeneity in a PL model and an EGPLSI model. (3) Lastly, it aims to analyse the empirical demand function semiparametrically by applying the estimation procedures and methods in this thesis.Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, School of Economics, 2013
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Chen, Yung-Shuen, and 陳永順. "Food Demand in Urban China：An Empirical Analysis Using Panel Data." Thesis, 2005. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/65605753631150329200.
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碩士國立中正大學
國際經濟研究所
93
This study estimates the AIDS model by employing the urban China household’s food consumption data form 1992 to 2001. Nine food groups are selected in this study, including grain, oil, pork, poultry, aquatic products, eggs, milk and dairy products, vegetables, and fruits. The methodological approach followed in the study is the fixed effect model of panel data. We divide the fixed effect into three parts, including cross-section data, time series data, and both of them. The empirical results show that three types of fixed effect model actually give us more information to analysis. The own-price elasticities of all food are from -1 to 0. This indicates that all foods are consistent with the law of demand and less elastic when food price change. The expenditure elasticities are all positive implying the consumption of these nine foods will increase when the expenditure of people in urban China increases, especially for poultry, aquatic products, milk and dairy products, and fruits.
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Hsu, Chih-Chia, and 許志嘉. "An Empirical Analysis of the Money Demand Function in China：Using Nonlinear Model." Thesis, 2004. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/76136454082964337271.
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碩士逢甲大學
經濟學所
92
Most models of the past research on macroeconomic variables are linear ones. However, since Granger and Teräsvirta proposed the smooth transition regression(STR) methodology, discussing macroeconomic variables by applying nonlinear models are going to be the mainstream. Because the money demand function of mainland China was almost discussed by linear models in the past research, we will discuss it by nonlinear models to test and diagnose if the money demand of mainland China exists any nonlinear forms which will be compared with other linear models. Empirical results indicate that real M1,real GDP, and saving deposit rate have a long term relationship under some specific threshold value. On the selection of choosing models, it is more suitable to select the LSTR model which has better capacity than other linear models to explain macroeconomic meanings.
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Liu, Tai-Hua, and 劉代華. "An Empirical Study on Order Forecasting : A Time-Series Analysis Approach Toward Demand." Thesis, 2008. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/66049396776795868921.
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碩士國立清華大學
工業工程與工程管理學系工程碩士在職專班
96
ABSTRACT The objective for an enterprise is to sustain profit by realizing marketing trend and grasping any business opportunities. To achieve this purpose, business planning plays an essential role. However, demand planning is the root for all internal plans and forecasting is the base for all the planning activities within the company. A good demand planning provide for a base for effective execution of business tasks. And it is needless to say that forecasting is the key reference for any important decisions made. The forecasting methods can be classified into qualitative and quantitative approaches. While executing the quantitative analysis, a company is collecting historical data and analyzing the market trend. However, the historical data are usually very complicated. How to develop an easy, fast, and precise forecasting model which is not so sensitive to the rapid environmental changes has become an important target for enterprises. In this research, four time series models including Grey System Theory, Simple Moving Averages, Weighted Moving Averages and Double Exponential Smoothing will be analyzed and compared to find the most optimal model. Constraints of these four models in demand forecasting will also be studied.. An empirical study by a case company from her historical data was tested through the four methods, Grey System Theory, Simple Moving Averages, Weighted Moving Averages and Double Exponential Smoothing. The forecasting error was evaluated by the Mean Absolute Error (MAE) and Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE). It is found that the Double Exponential Smoothing method has the best performance. Weighted Moving Averages is second, Grey System Theory is the third and the last is Simple Moving Averages. The study has also monitored and evaluated the forecasting models by error control chart and signal tracking. However, there may still exist other forecasting models that can be applied for the similar purpose and therefore it deserves further studies in the future.
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Neves, Vítor Manuel Leite. "The demand for residential mortgage finance in Portugal : theory, methodology and empirical analysis." Doctoral thesis, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10316/445.
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Tese de doutoramento em Economia (Desenvolvimento e Politica Económica) apresentada à Faculdade de Economia da Universidade de CoimbraO objecto desta dissertação é o estudo da procura de crédito bancário para aquisição de habitação em Portugal, tendo em atenção tanto o desejo de como a capacidade para contrair um empréstimo. A dissertação abrange três domínios de investigação: teoria, metodologia e análise empírica. Os objectivos são: aprofundar o nosso conhecimento acerca do modo como as famílias portuguesas financiam o acesso à habitação própria; contribuir para explicar a evolução do mercado do crédito bancário à habitação em Portugal no passado recente, analisando os processos específicos pelos quais os efeitos da liberalização financeira e das mudanças geradas pela integração europeia foram transmitidos a esse mercado; e, tão importante como os anteriores, contribuir para a discussão acerca dos fundamentos metodológicos mais apropriados para a análise das decisões dos agentes individuais e das consequências nem sempre planeadas ou esperadas das acções humanas intencionais. Nesta dissertação apresenta-se um modelo heurístico para a análise dos comportamentos de procura de crédito à habitação pelas famílias, que se pretende consistente com a abordagem metodológica desenvolvida na dissertação e que assenta numa reconsideração do método de análise situacional em termos de sistemas abertos. O estudo empírico envolveu análise descritiva e inferência bem como a utilização de modelos econométricos Probit e Tobit II. Os dados analisados apoiam a tese de que as taxas de juro e a apreciação pelas famílias do grau de acessibilidade ao crédito à habitação serão fundamentais para compreender a procura de crédito bancário à habitação em Portugal. Os efeitos da liberalização financeira e da integração europeia terão sido transmitidos ao mercado do crédito à habitação sobretudo por via da influência da acentuada descida das taxas de juro. As expectativas terão também desempenhado um importante papel. São ainda detectáveis estratégias claramente diferenciadas de financiamento da aquisição da habitação por parte das famílias portuguesas. O acesso através de construção de raiz traduz-se num recurso a crédito bancário consideravelmente menor do que quando a aquisição se faz pela compra, em especial de apartamentos.
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Napier, Hugh Robert Lennox. "An empirical analysis of macroeconomic factors and the effects on insurance demand and profitability." Thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/18191.
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Thesis (M.M. (Finance & Investment))--University of the Witwatersrand, Faculty of Commerce, Law and Management, Graduate School of Business Administration, 2015.In any business it is critical to understand the key drivers of sales, costs and sustainability. This study aimed to understand whether macroeconomic indicators could be used to explain and predict insurance sales, cancellations and overall underwriting profitability in South Africa, and whether the drivers for insurance demand and profitability differed based on individual wealth. The significance of answering these questions is directly related to managing and running an insurance business in terms of which products to sell, and which consumer segments to target based on prevailing macroeconomic conditions. Regression analyses using Ordinary Least Squares were completed on both low income and high income consumer groups. Predictive models for sales (low income and high income groups) and profitability (low income group) were derived; however no model sufficiently explained cancellations in either income group. The explanatory variables for sales in the low and high income groups differed, suggesting that macroeconomic factors differentially influence buying behaviours in these groups. Sales and profitability in the low income group were explained by the same macroeconomic factors.
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Gan, Yi. "An empirical analysis of the influence of exchange rate and prices on tourism demand." Master's thesis, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10071/8971.
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The World’s tourism industry has been developing for several years. The global economy grows, and more and more people tend to go travelling not only within their own country but also to foreign countries. Thus, it is relevant to investigate the relationship between macroeconomic indicators and the tourism industry. This thesis considers four models to explain the relationship between the economic environment and the tourism demand. The tourism demand is measured by the inbound visitor’s population and the on-the-ground expenditure, and the economic variables include the exchange rate, relative consumer price index, and the World GDP. The database is an unbalanced panel of 218 countries observed over the period 1995-2012. There is some evidence that the World's wealth, a depreciation of national currency and a decline of relative prices do help boosting the number of arrivals and the correspondent expenditure level. In particular, the World's GDP elasticity of real expenditure level per visitor is about 0.44. The exchange rate is not always positively related to the dependent variable, which is not consistent to previous research. At the same time, the relative prices are always significant in the models and with the expected negative sign.A indústria mundial de turismo tem vindo a desenvolver-se ao longo dos anos. A economia mundial cresce, graças em parte à globalização, e cada vez mais pessoas tendem a viajar não só no seu espaço geográfico mas também para países estrangeiros. Por estas razões torna-se relevante estudar a relação entre as variáveis macroeconómicas fundamentais e a indústria turística. Esta tese considera quatro modelos para explicar a relação entre o enquadramento económico e a procura de turismo. A procura de turismo é medida pelo número de turistas e as despesas por eles efetuadas, e as variáveis económicas incluem a taxa de câmbio, o índice relativo de preços do consumidor, e o PIB mundial. A base de dados é constituída por um painel não equilibrado de 218 países para o período de 1995-2012. Os resultados apontam para a relevância da riqueza mundial, da depreciação da moeda nacional e do declínio nos preços relativos ajudarem a aumentar o número de chegadas e o correspondente nível de despesa por visitante. Em particular, a elasticidade da despesa realizada em turismo em relação ao produto mundial é de cerca de 0.44. A taxa de câmbio nem sempre é positivamente relacionada com as variáveis dependentes, o que não é consistente com os resultados da literatura anterior. Simultaneamente, os preços relativos são sempre significativos nas regressões e com os esperados sinais negativos.
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Lai, Chien-Yu, and 賴建宇. "An empirical analysis on determinants of demand for best sellers: “Books” online book store." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/c4j9u9.
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碩士國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
106
The study empirically investigates the factors, including book-specific characteristics and book information on user interface, affecting demand for best-selling books, and the determinants of book price. By using random sampling approach, 1831 books were selected from “Books” online book store; we used logistic regression to analyze these data. The results show that foreign books and more words for recommendation tend to be best sellers; in addition, the results also indicate the books that were made into movies or games, winning the literally prize, and more Taiwanese celebrities recommendation have positive and significant effect on the probability of being the best sellers. We also found that famous author without introduction on interface have higher probability as best sellers. Though the words for book introduction is not significant in the model, its interaction with online search times of the author is significant. Moreover, we found that cost of books is the major factor influencing price.
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Rocha, Fabiana Fontes. "Monetary regimes and macroeconomic policy an empirical analysis of the Brazilian economy /." 1995. http://catalog.hathitrust.org/api/volumes/oclc/36846778.html.
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Lim, Hyunwoo. "An Empirical Analysis of Publicity and Advertising under Quality Uncertainty." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/1807/34786.
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Quality of a prescription drug is uncertain to patients, physicians and even the manufacturer of the drug. Because this uncertainty can deter physicians from prescribing the drug, it is important to investigate how various marketing communication activities help reveal the true quality of its product. In particular, this study investigates publicity and advertising under quality uncertainty. Chapter 1 studies the effect of publicity on consumer demand with a reduced form approach. Chapter 2 structurally investigates the roles of detailing and publicity when the information spill-over is present. Both chapters study the market of anti-cholesterol drugs (statins).
Chapter 1 investigates the effects of publicity (media coverage) on consumer demand. The main obstacle to measuring the impact of publicity is that data on media coverage are difficult to interpret. To overcome this obstacle, we propose a new way to code information presented in news articles, mapping the information to a multi-dimensional attribute space. We combine our publicity data with data on sales, detailing, medical journal advertising, direct-to-consumer advertising (DTCA) and landmark clinical trial outcomes, and estimate a demand model. Our results suggest that not all forms of publicity are equal.
In chapter 2, we study consumer learning about scientific evidence and its impact on demand for pharmaceutical products by using the Bayesian learning model. Unlike previous literature, our learning model allows consumer’s prior quality perceptions to be correlated across brands. This unique feature of the model allows us to investigate information spill-over effects across brands. The information spill-over allows late entrants to free-ride on first movers’ investment in clinical trials and marketing activities and to gain late mover advantage. In addition to using product level market share data, we supplement them with switching rates and discontinuing rates. The switching rate data are particularly useful for taking the presence of switching costs into consideration, which has been ignored in the literature using product-level data. Our estimated structural model has implications for managers in allocating resources to various types of marketing activities more efficiently and helps forecast returns of clinical trials that are sponsored by pharmaceutical firms.
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Shan, Pei Ling, and 單珮玲. "Empirical Analysis on Driving Forces and Technical Efficiency of Energy Demand, Economic Growth and Carbon Emission." Thesis, 2010. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/38742960112386233653.
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博士國立政治大學
財政研究所
99
The thesis includes 3 issues of research. The first research aims at identifying the factors that have influenced change in the level of various sectors (agriculture, industry, service and transport) CO2 emissions from energy use. By means of both Laspeyres index method and the arithmetic mean weight scheme expressed separately in the additive form, the observed changes are analyzed into five different factors: CO2 intensity, structural change, sectoral energy intensity, sectoral employing population and output level. The application study refer to 4 sectors of Taiwan between 1992 and 2008. The obtained decomposition results indicate that the examined sectors the value calculated for the output level effect present the highest value appearing positive contribution of CO2, and the contribution from population is slightly increased or decreased, while CO2 intensity has beneficially influenced the reduction of CO2 emissions, as well as the improvement of fuel mix found to be the most important factor that lead to the reduction of emissions. In most of the examined sectors for the energy intensity factor present positive effect on CO2 emissions, the only exception is service sector showing negative impact on CO2 emissions, which can be stated as Liaskas et al. (2000) that as further improvements in energy efficiency in most sectors become more difficult, efforts to reduce CO2 emissions will be predominantly directed towards the use of clean energy forms and especially towards the deployment of renewable energies. It also should be noted that structural change has positively influenced the abatement of CO2 emissions for the most sectors such as agriculture, industry and transport. We conclude it shifts towards less energy-intensive service sector, due to have negative influenced the observed decrease in CO2 emissions for higher energy use sectors (industry and transport) and agriculture,. In this article, we also use a seemingly unrelated regression to further investigate the policy tools how to change in CO2 emissions level by the five different factors. The results indicate that policymakers may reduce emissions considerably through various policy instruments. The second issue focuses on initiating effective policy to save energy and reduce emission, one needs to reasonably capture the potential impacts of various policy instruments on energy consumption, CO2 emission and economic growth, the second research, after extensively reviewing the literature, builds a locally ideal empirical model that facilitates the estimation of various policy elasticities. The empirical results indicate that policy elasticities may not only differ from one to the others, but also change dynamically, implying the 3E impacts of some policy instruments might be weakening over time. The main goal of the third article is to provide a detailed analysis of productivity and efficiency measurement for panel data on four different sectors from Taiwan over the period 1992-2008. We use a stochastic frontier model set by Battese and Coelli (1995) to build a stochastic production frontier function and a stochastic energy demand frontier function, which are estimated by maximum likelihood to obtain a stochastic frontier of GDP and energy demand, as well as technical efficiency. On this empirical results, we suggest that policymaker may simultaneously make top-down policies (green tax reform, increasing environmental tax etc.) and bottom-up policies (fuel price in line with prices of gas in global markets) to increase energy efficiency in different sectors.
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Yang, Bi-Wen, and 楊百雯. "The Empirical Analysis of Money Demand Function in Mainland China-The Application of Cointegration and Error Correction Model." Thesis, 1995. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/84240667349633423210.
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Rue, Christopher Joonhee. "Area-yield crop insurance reconsidered (again) an empirical analysis of demand for area yield insurance for rice farmers in Peru /." Diss., 2009. http://proquest.umi.com/pqdweb?did=1991050441&sid=1&Fmt=2&clientId=48051&RQT=309&VName=PQD.
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Huang, I.-Ming, and 黃一銘. "Recreation Motives, Facility Demand, and Satisfaction of the Visitors to Sports Park--An Empirical Analysis of Kaohsiung World Games Main Stadium." Thesis, 2013. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/a2j69v.
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碩士國立高雄大學
都市發展與建築研究所
101
This paper uses convenience sampling to explore visitors’ recreation motives, facility demand and satisfaction to Kaohsiung World Games Main Stadium. The results show that: (1) Male visitors outnumbers female ones; the age of visitors is between sixteen and thirty; most visitors have college degree or above, come from other cities, ride motorcycles, enter the park with friends in the afternoon and stay about one to two hours; about 50% of visitors visit the park during weekends. (2) In terms of facility demand, visitors who have strong recreation motives show high demands for restrooms, facility maintenance and lighting. High satisfaction is shown in large space, convenient parking and convenient transportation. (3) In terms of recreation motives, the competency, challenge and commitment of male visitors are significantly higher than female ones. Facility demands vary with visitors’ age, educational level, transportation, visiting time and companions. (4) Visitors who have higher facility demands are not satisfied with the current functions of exercise, environment and space and convenience.
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Cheng, Terence Chai Kiet. "The demand for hospital care and private health insurance in a mixed public and private health care system : theoretical and empirical analysis for the case of Australia." Phd thesis, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/151362.
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This thesis examines the processes that underlie how individuals seek hospital care and purchase private health insurance in a mixed public and private hospital system such as that of Australia. To achieve this objective, a theoretical model with explicit functional forms is first developed to analyse the determinants of the intensity of hospital care use, the choice to seek public or private hospital care and the decision to purchase insurance. The key areas of interest are how direct and indirect 'prices' for hospital care, vis-a-vis waiting times and private health insurance, influence the decisions to seek either public or private care and the intensity of care. A key result from the analysis is that individuals with more severe medical conditions are expected to have a higher probability of seeking treatment from the public sector because the duration of wait for public care is shorter due to priority setting in the public sector. In addition, the availability of private hospital insurance reduces the effective price of private hospital care and increases both the probability that individuals seek private treatment and the intensity at which private hospital care is utilised. A simultaneous equation econometric model that is based on the structure of the theoretical framework is developed. The econometric model accommodates count and binary outcomes variables as well as endogenous binary regressors. The model is estimated using data from the 2004-05 National Health Survey to conduct two empirical analyses. The first analysis examines the determinants of the intensity of hospital admissions and the decision to purchase private health insurance. A key result is that having private hospital insurance increases the expected number of hospital admissions each year by 19 percentage points. In addition to insurance status, the intensity of hospital admission is also influenced by age, gender, employment status, health status and locality. The second empirical analysis examines the determinants of the intensity of hospital care use and the decisions to seek public or private hospital care and purchase private health insurance using a simultaneous framework. The results indicate that individuals with private hospital insurance are 81 percentage points more likely to seek hospital care as a private patient. Age, household income, private sector employment and the presence of dependent children are factors that increase the probability that individuals obtain private care. On length of stay, the results show that the expected length of hospital stay by private patients is on average 1.11 nights shorter than that of public patients which suggests that systematic differences exist in the types of medical conditions for which individuals seek public or private treatment. Contrary to existing evidence, this study does not find any significant moral hazard effect amongst patients who sought hospital care as a private patient. From a policy perspective, the results suggest that the effectiveness of government initiatives in Australia to encourage the purchase of private hospital insurance is likely to be limited to reducing public hospital waiting lists and lowering waiting times for public treatment.
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Wu, Yin-Ting, and 吳胤霆. "An empirical analysis on how concert promoters influence concert demands." Thesis, 2018. http://ndltd.ncl.edu.tw/handle/4v77uv.
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碩士國立中山大學
企業管理學系研究所
106
This study investigates the impact of promoters on the market demand of concerts. The aim of the study is to understand this relationship in music industry, where some people argue that everyone can be a professional promoter as long as the artist is a superstar while others argue that a professional promoter can create huge concert market demands due to his or her great insight into the music industry This study collected data from Pollstar, which start at 2017/2 ,ends at 2018/2.And found some points from music industry which based on interview method, developed concert Econometrics model. Further, solve cause-effect relation problems between promoter and concert market demands, by using instrumental variables and two-stage least square regression model. The findings reveal that in highly oligopoly market which like concert industry, the promoters which are huge market value are barriers in concert industry, for the other promoters which are small market value, if they can finding some artist''s information from internet , like how long is the artist survive on internet , and conduct the show which fits the local market demands, they might find niche market and gain profit from it.