Journal articles on the topic 'Emotions – Measurement'
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Plutchik, R. "The measurement of emotions." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 9, no. 2 (June 1997): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800036802.
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Most people usually think of emotion as a subjective feeling of a certain kind, the kind for which labels like happy, sad, and frightened are appropriate. However, there is much evidence to suggest that this is too narrow a way to define emotions, and that a different and broader conceptualization is needed. If we examine the history of theories of emotion we find a great diversity of views. For example, Darwin, in his 1872 book ‘The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals’, conceived of emotions as expressive behaviors that had the function of communicating intentions from one animal to another in the presence of conflicts or emergencies. Emotional expressions, from this point of view, regulated interpersonal relations and increased the chances of individual survival.
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Wang, Jianmin, Yujia Liu, Yuxi Wang, Jinjing Mao, Tianyang Yue, and Fang You. "SAET: The Non-Verbal Measurement Tool in User Emotional Experience." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 7532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167532.
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In this paper, the development process and validation of a self-assessment emotion tool (SAET) is described, which establishes an emotion-assessment method to improve pictorial expression design. The tool is based on an emotion set of emotional-cognition-derived rules obtained from an OCC model proposed by Ortony, Clore, and Collins, and the emotion set and expression design are validated by numerical computation of the dimensional space pleasure–arousal–dominance (PAD) and the cognitive assessment of emotion words. The SAET consists of twenty images that display a cartoon figure expressing ten positive and ten negative emotions. The instrument can be used during interactions with visual interfaces such as websites, posters, cell phones, and vehicles, and allows participants to select interface elements that elicit specific emotions. Experimental results show the validity of this type of tool in terms of both semantic discrimination of emotions and quantitative numerical validation.
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Baum, Andrew, Neil E. Grunberg, and Jerome E. Singer. "Biochemical Measurements in the Study of Emotion." Psychological Science 3, no. 1 (January 1992): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00257.x.
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The study of emotions is complicated by a number of factors, including the biological bases of emotional experience and expression. Although biochemical changes have long been thought to be part of the evocation of emotions, research has not consistently included this level of measurement, and theories of emotion have not systematically specified the role of these biochemical bases. In this paper, we briefly review relevant biochemical principles and measures that can be integrated into research and theory on emotions. Applications of these principles in extant studies of emotion are also discussed.
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Hamm, Jihun, Amy Pinkham, Ruben C. Gur, Ragini Verma, and Christian G. Kohler. "Dimensional Information-Theoretic Measurement of Facial Emotion Expressions in Schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/243907.
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Altered facial expressions of emotions are characteristic impairments in schizophrenia. Ratings of affect have traditionally been limited to clinical rating scales and facial muscle movement analysis, which require extensive training and have limitations based on methodology and ecological validity. To improve reliable assessment of dynamic facial expression changes, we have developed automated measurements of facial emotion expressions based on information-theoretic measures of expressivity ofambiguityanddistinctivenessof facial expressions. These measures were examined in matched groups of persons with schizophrenia (n=28) and healthy controls (n=26) who underwent video acquisition to assess expressivity of basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust) in evoked conditions. Persons with schizophrenia scored higher onambiguity, the measure of conditional entropy within the expression of a single emotion, and they scored lower ondistinctiveness, the measure of mutual information across expressions of different emotions. The automated measures compared favorably with observer-based ratings. This method can be applied for delineating dynamic emotional expressivity in healthy and clinical populations.
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Delgado, Ana R., Gerardo Prieto, and Debora I. Burin. "Constructing three emotion knowledge tests from the invariant measurement approach." PeerJ 5 (September 13, 2017): e3755. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3755.
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Background Psychological constructionist models like the Conceptual Act Theory (CAT) postulate that complex states such as emotions are composed of basic psychological ingredients that are more clearly respected by the brain than basic emotions. The objective of this study was the construction and initial validation of Emotion Knowledge measures from the CAT frame by means of an invariant measurement approach, the Rasch Model (RM). Psychological distance theory was used to inform item generation. Methods Three EK tests—emotion vocabulary (EV), close emotional situations (CES) and far emotional situations (FES)—were constructed and tested with the RM in a community sample of 100 females and 100 males (age range: 18–65), both separately and conjointly. Results It was corroborated that data-RM fit was sufficient. Then, the effect of type of test and emotion on Rasch-modelled item difficulty was tested. Significant effects of emotion on EK item difficulty were found, but the only statistically significant difference was that between “happiness” and the remaining emotions; neither type of test, nor interaction effects on EK item difficulty were statistically significant. The testing of gender differences was carried out after corroborating that differential item functioning (DIF) would not be a plausible alternative hypothesis for the results. No statistically significant sex-related differences were found out in EV, CES, FES, or total EK. However, the sign of d indicate that female participants were consistently better than male ones, a result that will be of interest for future meta-analyses. Discussion The three EK tests are ready to be used as components of a higher-level measurement process.
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Strazdins, Lyndall M. "Integrating Emotions: Multiple Role Measurement of Emotional Work." Australian Journal of Psychology 52, no. 1 (April 2000): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049530008255366.
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Janowski, Maciej, and Maria Chełkowska-Zacharewicz. "What do we actually measure as music-induced emotions?" Roczniki Psychologiczne 22, no. 4 (June 29, 2020): 373–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rpsych.2019.22.4-5.
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The paper presents the results of a systematic review of 61 empirical studies in which emotions in response to music were measured. The analysis of each study was focused on the measurement of emotion components and the conceptualization of emotion both in hypothesis and discussion. The review does not support the claim that music evokes the same emotional reactions as life events do, especially modal emotions. Notably, neither a high intensity of feelings, nor intentionality were confirmed in relation to musical experiences, the emergence of specific action tendencies, or specific physiological changes. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to use the terms “affect” or “music emotions” with reference to emotions experienced in reaction to music and to abandon the term “emotions” as misleading.
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Zaid, Sumaia Mohammed, Fonny Dameaty Hutagalung, Harris Shah Bin Abd Hamid, and Sahar Mohammed Taresh. "Sadness regulation strategies and measurement: A scoping review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): e0256088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256088.
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Backgrounds Accurate measurement and suitable strategies facilitate people regulate their sadness in an effective manner. Regulating or mitigating negative emotions, particularly sadness, is crucial mainly because constant negative emotions may lead to psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. This paper presents an overview of sadness regulation strategies and related measurement. Method Upon adhering to five-step scoping review, this study combed through articles that looked into sadness regulation retrieved from eight databases. Results As a result of reviewing 40 selected articles, 110 strategies were identified to regulate emotions, particularly sadness. Some of the most commonly reported strategies include expressive suppression, cognitive reappraisal, distraction, seeking social or emotional support, and rumination. The four types of measures emerged from the review are self-reported, informant report (parents or peers), open-ended questions, and emotion regulation instructions. Notably, most studies had tested psychometric properties using Cronbach’s alpha alone, while only a handful had assessed validity (construct and factorial validity) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha or test-retest) based on responses captured from questionnaire survey. Conclusion Several sadness regulation strategies appeared to vary based on gender, age, and use of strategy. Despite the general measurement of emotion regulation, only one measure was developed to measure sadness regulation exclusively for children. Future studies may develop a comprehensive battery of measures to assess sadness regulation using multi-component method.
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Feng, Xiang, Yaojia Wei, Xianglin Pan, Longhui Qiu, and Yongmei Ma. "Academic Emotion Classification and Recognition Method for Large-scale Online Learning Environment—Based on A-CNN and LSTM-ATT Deep Learning Pipeline Method." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061941.
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Subjective well-being is a comprehensive psychological indicator for measuring quality of life. Studies have found that emotional measurement methods and measurement accuracy are important for well-being-related research. Academic emotion is an emotion description in the field of education. The subjective well-being of learners in an online learning environment can be studied by analyzing academic emotions. However, in a large-scale online learning environment, it is extremely challenging to classify learners’ academic emotions quickly and accurately for specific comment aspects. This study used literature analysis and data pre-analysis to build a dimensional classification system of academic emotion aspects for students’ comments in an online learning environment, as well as to develop an aspect-oriented academic emotion automatic recognition method, including an aspect-oriented convolutional neural network (A-CNN) and an academic emotion classification algorithm based on the long short-term memory with attention mechanism (LSTM-ATT) and the attention mechanism. The experiments showed that this model can provide quick and effective identification. The A-CNN model accuracy on the test set was 89%, and the LSTM-ATT model accuracy on the test set was 71%. This research provides a new method for the measurement of large-scale online academic emotions, as well as support for research related to students’ well-being in online learning environments.
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Stein, Nancy L., and Keith Oatley. "Basic emotions: Theory and measurement." Cognition and Emotion 6, no. 3-4 (May 1992): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699939208411067.
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Grover, Rajat, Arun Aggarwal, and Amit Mittal. "Effect of Students' Emotions on their Positive Psychology: A Study of Higher Education Institutions." Open Psychology Journal 13, no. 1 (October 6, 2020): 272–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874350102013010272.
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Background: In the higher education sector, anticipating and fostering positive emotions manifest the view of positive psychology is considered as an essential practice. Aims: The present study aims to identify and statistically validate the different types of students’ emotional indicators. Methods: A survey was carried out in three cities, namely Mumbai, Pune, and Chandigarh of India. A total of 566 valid survey responses were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis. The results of the confirmatory factor analysis demonstrated six sets of emotions measurement indicators, namely anger, disgust, happiness, positive emotions, sadness, and fear for measuring students’ emotions. Results: Further, the results of path analysis showed that happiness, positive emotions, sadness, disgust, and fear had positive effect on positive psychology. Conclusion: Overall, this study highlights the imperativeness of students’ emotional measurement, and the study results provide a deep understanding of both positive and negative emotions measurement, which may further support the overall development of the students, especially in higher education institutions.
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Martikainen, Heidi Annika, and Erkki Mäkinen. "Tunnetiloja mittaavat menetelmät epänormaalin pelon hoidossa." Finnish Journal of eHealth and eWelfare 10, no. 1 (March 8, 2018): 167–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.23996/fjhw.63197.
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This article surveys methods for measuring emotions. The focus is on emotion identification and measurement from behavior and physiological signals and on the instruments used. We also consider the utilization of the results of these measurements in treating phobias, especially as a supporting tool for cognitive behavioral therapy.
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Wang, Xiaoyuan, Yaqi Liu, Longfei Chen, Huili Shi, Junyan Han, Shijie Liu, and Fusheng Zhong. "Research on Emotion Activation Efficiency of Different Drivers." Sustainability 14, no. 21 (October 26, 2022): 13938. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su142113938.
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Emotion is an implicit psychological characteristic that changes over time. When it accumulates to a certain extent, it will be accompanied by certain external manifestations. Drivers with different traits have different emotional performance, which leads to different effects from different driver traits on the driver’s emotional activation efficacy. In this study, we thoroughly explore the effects of different genders, age, driving competence, driving anger tendency, driving safety attitude and stress state on driver’s emotional activation efficacy. This paper selects 74 young and middle-aged drivers with an age distribution between 20 and 41 years old. The eight most typical driving emotions (anger, surprise, fear, anxiety, helplessness, contempt, ease and pleasure) were screened through questionnaires. An experimental framework for the emotional stimulation and measurement of eight driving emotions was designed based on multiple emotional stimulation methods and PAD emotional model. The effect of emotional activation on drivers of different genders, age, driving competence, driving anger tendency, driving safety attitude and stress state was explored in depth. The results show that gender, age, driving safety attitude, driving anger tendency, stress state, etc., all have different degrees of influence upon the activation efficacy of emotion. The research results reveal the rules for the generation of different driving emotions to a certain extent and provide a theoretical basis for further exploring the cognitive and behavioral characteristics of drivers with different emotions.
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HU, QIANWEN, XIAOHE LI, HAI FANG, and QIAN WAN. "THE TACTILE PERCEPTION EVALUATION OF WOOD SURFACE WITH DIFFERENT ROUGHNESS AND SHAPES: A STUDY USING GALVANIC SKIN RESPONSE." Wood Research 67, no. 2 (April 19, 2022): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.37763/wr.1336-4561/67.2.311325.
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By adopting the methods of PAD subjective emotion measurement and galvanic skin response physiological measurement, this study explores the differences in people's tactile perception evaluation of the surfaces of beech materialswith different roughness and shapes. The results show that females prefer beech samples with arc shapes, while males prefer thesamples with rectangle shapes; participants' emotional stability under a higher emotional arousal level can to a certain extentbe maintained due to the beech materials with arc shapes. The tactile perception of males for beech materials has a greater range of emotional arousal than that of females, but the arousal speed of males' emotions is lower than that of females' emotions. Moreover, a better tactile perception experience can be created for participants when theroughness of beech materials is limited within a certain range of conditions, and acertain sense of "anxiousness" will be brought to participants if the surface of beech materials is too rough.
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Daňsová, Petra, Lenka Lacinová, and Dana Seryjová Juhová. "Emotional labour in the parenthood." Ceskoslovenska psychologie 65, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.65.2.222.
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This study introduces the concept of emotional labour, the theoretical underpinnings of its delineation and connections to emotion regulation and brings it into the context of parenthood. Emotional labour was originally described by sociologists in the context of a work environment which requires one to consciously influence one’s emotions when interacting with a customer or a client. The connection of emotional labour with psychological theories of emotion regulation allowed for a better understanding and grasp the mechanisms through which emotional labour can lead to “burning out” or stress. Currently, parents are exposed to a great amount of information about how to “correctly” parent their children, which together with their own idea of a good parent, the influence of their family and close friends as well as other people, creates high demands precisely in the area of experiencing and expressing emotions in their interactions with their children. Today, the parent role approaches that of the job in several aspects. Its demands for emotional labour can be linked to negative impacts on mental health. The concept of emotional labour can be considered to be appropriate for a better understanding of what a parent experiences with the child in mundane situations and how parents handle the emotions. The perspective of emotional labour can therefore bring important information about emotions in parenthood and about the influence of intentionally working with these emotions on the mental functioning of parents even beyond the explanatory confines of emotion regulation. This study also introduces measurement instruments used to capture emotional labour and its dimensions. For future research of emotional labour in parenthood, creating a valid and reliable instrument, which has so far been lacking both in the Czech and international contexts, is a necessity.
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Daňsová, Petra, Lenka Lacinová, and Dana Seryjová Juhová. "Emotional labour in the parenthood." Ceskoslovenska psychologie 65, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.65.3.222.
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This study introduces the concept of emotional labour, the theoretical underpinnings of its delineation and connections to emotion regulation and brings it into the context of parenthood. Emotional labour was originally described by sociologists in the context of a work environment which requires one to consciously influence one’s emotions when interacting with a customer or a client. The connection of emotional labour with psychological theories of emotion regulation allowed for a better understanding and grasp the mechanisms through which emotional labour can lead to “burning out” or stress. Currently, parents are exposed to a great amount of information about how to “correctly” parent their children, which together with their own idea of a good parent, the influence of their family and close friends as well as other people, creates high demands precisely in the area of experiencing and expressing emotions in their interactions with their children. Today, the parent role approaches that of the job in several aspects. Its demands for emotional labour can be linked to negative impacts on mental health. The concept of emotional labour can be considered to be appropriate for a better understanding of what a parent experiences with the child in mundane situations and how parents handle the emotions. The perspective of emotional labour can therefore bring important information about emotions in parenthood and about the influence of intentionally working with these emotions on the mental functioning of parents even beyond the explanatory confines of emotion regulation. This study also introduces measurement instruments used to capture emotional labour and its dimensions. For future research of emotional labour in parenthood, creating a valid and reliable instrument, which has so far been lacking both in the Czech and international contexts, is a necessity.
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BOGATYREV, Semen Yu. "New finance: Psychological measurement of value." Finance and Credit 27, no. 5 (May 28, 2021): 1156–77. http://dx.doi.org/10.24891/fc.27.5.1156.
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Subject. The article addresses emotional factors that affect value under psychological concepts. It describes processes of obtaining information for surveys when measuring emotions, adjusting the evaluation tools, taking into account new analytical capabilities provided by the use of psychological measurement. Objectives. The study aims at creating a methodology to consider the impact of emotional factors that become apparent under the influence of psychological concepts, on value. Methods. I employ methods of induction and deduction in survey data processing. Results. The paper discloses the content of the main methods for recording emotions in the process of making a conclusion about the value by financial decision makers under the influence of psychological concepts. It demonstrates tools for implementing the methods of psychological measurement in valuation. The findings may be helpful in the work of modern appraisers and value analysts. It is especially important to use the tools for measuring emotions in conditions of digital economy, instability and crisis, a change in the market paradigm, distortion of traditional financial and economic indicators, market volatility. The use of psychological concepts complements and expands the classic assessment toolkit, improves the quality of valuation. Conclusions. The paper concludes on opportunities that financial analysts have, when applying new advances in behavioral finance and modern psychological studies. It outlines prospects for analytical tools development, using new indicators to enhance the efficiency of valuation results.
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Mehta, Annu, Chetan Sharma, Madhuri Kanala, Mishika Thakur, Roland Harrison, and Damir Dennis Torrico. "Self-Reported Emotions and Facial Expressions on Consumer Acceptability: A Study Using Energy Drinks." Foods 10, no. 2 (February 4, 2021): 330. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/foods10020330.
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Emotional responses elicited by foods are of great interest for new product developers and marketing professionals, as consumer acceptance proved to be linked to the emotions generated by the product in the consumers. An emotional measurement is generally considered an appropriate tool to differentiate between the products of similar nutritional value, flavour, liking and packaging. Novel methods used to measure emotions include self-reporting verbal and visual measurements, and facial expression techniques. This study aimed to evaluate the explicit and implicit emotional response elicited during the tasting of two different brands (A and B) of energy drinks. The explicit response of consumers was assessed using liking (nine-point hedonic scale), and emotions (EsSense Profile®—Check-All-That-Apply questionnaire), and implicit emotional responses were evaluated by studying facial expressions using the Affectiva Affdex® software. The familiarity of the product and purchase intent were also assessed during the study. The hedonic rating shows a significant difference in liking between the two brands of energy drink during the tasting session. For the explicit emotional responses, participants elicited more positive emotions than the negative emotions for both energy drinks. However, participants expressed “happy”, “active” and “eager” emotions more frequently for energy drink A. On the other hand, the implicit emotional responses through facial expressions indicated a high level of involvement of the participants with energy drink B as compared to energy drink A. The study showed that overall liking and the explicit and implicit emotional measurements are weakly to moderately correlated.
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Shu, Tao, Zhiyi Wang, Ling Lin, Huading Jia, and Jixian Zhou. "Customer Perceived Risk Measurement with NLP Method in Electric Vehicles Consumption Market: Empirical Study from China." Energies 15, no. 5 (February 22, 2022): 1637. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15051637.
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In recent years, as people’s awareness of energy conservation, environmental protection, and sustainable development has increased, discussions related to electric vehicles (EVs) have aroused public debate on social media. At some point, most consumers face the possible risks of EVs—a critical psychological perception that invariably affects sales of EVs in the consumption market. This paper chooses to deconstruct customers’ perceived risk from third-party comment data in social media, which has better coverage and objectivity than questionnaire surveys. In order to analyze a large amount of unstructured text comment data, the natural language processing (NLP) method based on machine learning was applied in this paper. The measurement results show 15 abstracts in five consumer perceived risks to EVs. Among them, the largest number of comments is that of “Technology Maturity” (A13) which reached 25,329, and which belongs to the “Performance Risk” (PR1) dimension, indicating that customers are most concerned about the performance risk of EVs. Then, in the “Social Risk” (PR5) dimension, the abstract “Social Needs” (A51) received only 3224 comments and “Preference and Trust Rank” (A52) reached 22,324 comments; this noticeable gap indicated the changes in how consumers perceived EVs social risks. Moreover, each dimension’s emotion analysis results showed that negative emotions are more than 40%, exceeding neutral or positive emotions. Importantly, customers have the strongest negative emotions about the “Time Risk” (PR4), accounting for 54%. On a finer scale, the top three negative emotions are “Charging Time” (A42), “EV Charging Facilities” (A41), and “Maintenance of Value” (A33). Another interesting result is that “Social Needs” (A51)’s positive emotional comments were larger than negative emotional comments. The paper provides substantial evidence for perceived risk theory research by new data and methods. It can provide a novel tool for multi-dimensional and fine-granular capture customers’ perceived risks and negative emotions. Thus, it has the potential to help government and enterprises to adjust promotional strategies in a timely manner to reduce higher perceived risks and emotions, accelerating the sustainable development of EVs’ consumption market in China.
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Ben-Artzi, Elisheva, and Mario Mikulincer. "Lay Theories of Emotion: 1. Conceptualization and Measurement." Imagination, Cognition and Personality 15, no. 3 (March 1996): 249–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/k8hb-d3pb-l5k7-mhe6.
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The eight studies reported on here examine the attributes lay persons attach to emotional experiences and develop a self-report scale for assessing individual differences in these attributes. Lay persons were asked to freely report attributes of emotions and their answers were content analyzed. Thus, a self-report scale was developed and its internal structure, reliability over time, and associations with meta-mood, Eysenck's personality dimensions, negative affectivity, and control and attentional focus variables were examined. Findings showed that persons spontaneously appraise emotions in terms of eight categorical attributes, which are structured around two orthogonal theories: a threat appraisal and a benefit appraisal of emotions. In addition, the self-report measure that was developed for assessing the superordinate theories, was found to be internally valid, reliable over time, concurrently valid, and significantly related to other affective and personality constructs.
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Neethirajan, Suresh, Inonge Reimert, and Bas Kemp. "Measuring Farm Animal Emotions—Sensor-Based Approaches." Sensors 21, no. 2 (January 14, 2021): 553. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21020553.
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Understanding animal emotions is a key to unlocking methods for improving animal welfare. Currently there are no ‘benchmarks’ or any scientific assessments available for measuring and quantifying the emotional responses of farm animals. Using sensors to collect biometric data as a means of measuring animal emotions is a topic of growing interest in agricultural technology. Here we reviewed several aspects of the use of sensor-based approaches in monitoring animal emotions, beginning with an introduction on animal emotions. Then we reviewed some of the available technological systems for analyzing animal emotions. These systems include a variety of sensors, the algorithms used to process biometric data taken from these sensors, facial expression, and sound analysis. We conclude that a single emotional expression measurement based on either the facial feature of animals or the physiological functions cannot show accurately the farm animal’s emotional changes, and hence compound expression recognition measurement is required. We propose some novel ways to combine sensor technologies through sensor fusion into efficient systems for monitoring and measuring the animals’ compound expression of emotions. Finally, we explore future perspectives in the field, including challenges and opportunities.
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Hofer, Matthias, Laetitia Burkhard, and Mathias Allemand. "Age Differences in Emotion Regulation During a Distressing Film Scene." Journal of Media Psychology 27, no. 2 (April 30, 2015): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1864-1105/a000134.
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Recent research has emphasized age differences in emotion regulation strategies. However, not much is known about age differences in the use of different regulation strategies during a highly distressing film scene that evokes strong negative emotions of anger and sadness. Therefore, we examined age differences in four situation-specific emotion regulation strategies – namely, rumination, distraction, suppression, and mediality (a form of media-specific reappraisal). A sample of 99 older and 108 younger participants reported their current emotional state, then watched a highly distressing film scene, and finally reported their emotional reactions to the scene and the emotion regulation strategies they used. The manipulation check indicated that the film was successful in eliciting strong negative emotions of sadness and anger. Furthermore, after securing measurement invariance, we found that older adults reported higher scores in mediality and suppression than younger adults. No differences were found concerning distraction and rumination. Results are discussed in the light of theoretical considerations.
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Lange, Jens, and Janis H. Zickfeld. "Emotions as Overlapping Causal Networks of Emotion Components: Implications and Methodological Approaches." Emotion Review 13, no. 2 (February 12, 2021): 157–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073920988787.
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A widespread perspective describes emotions as distinct categories bridged by fuzzy boundaries, indicating that emotions are distinct and dimensional at the same time. Theoretical and methodological approaches to this perspective still need further development. We conceptualize emotions as overlapping networks of causal relationships between emotion components—networks representing distinct emotions share components with and relate to each other. To investigate this conceptualization, we introduce network analysis to emotion research and apply it to the reanalysis of a data set on multiple positive emotions. Specifically, we describe the estimation of networks from data, and the detection of overlapping communities of nodes in these networks. The network perspective has implications for the understanding of distinct emotions, their co-occurrence, and their measurement.
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Landowska, Agnieszka. "Emotion Monitoring – Verification of Physiological Characteristics Measurement Procedures." Metrology and Measurement Systems 21, no. 4 (December 1, 2014): 719–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/mms-2014-0049.
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Abstract This paper concerns measurement procedures on an emotion monitoring stand designed for tracking human emotions in the Human-Computer Interaction with physiological characteristics. The paper addresses the key problem of physiological measurements being disturbed by a motion typical for human-computer interaction such as keyboard typing or mouse movements. An original experiment is described, that aimed at practical evaluation of measurement procedures performed at the emotion monitoring stand constructed at GUT. Different locations of sensors were considered and evaluated for suitability and measurement precision in the Human- Computer Interaction monitoring. Alternative locations (ear lobes and forearms) for skin conductance, blood volume pulse and temperature sensors were proposed and verified. Alternative locations proved correlation with traditional locations as well as lower sensitiveness to movements like typing or mouse moving, therefore they can make a better solution for monitoring the Human-Computer Interaction.
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Hagemann, Dirk, Johannes Hewig, Ewald Naumann, Jan Seifert, and Dieter Bartussek. "Resting Brain Asymmetry and Affective Reactivity." Journal of Individual Differences 26, no. 3 (July 2005): 139–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001.26.3.139.
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Abstract. Neuropsychological evidence has given rise to alternative models on brain asymmetry in emotion, each with different implications concerning the biological basis of individual differences in affective responses. The present study tested these implications. Resting EEG and self-reported emotions after the presentation of film clips were collected on four occasions of measurement. Subjects with greater right-sided and smaller left-sided cortical activity reported greater intensities of felt emotions after the presentation of films irrespective of valence. This finding is in line with a recent formulation of the right-hemisphere hypothesis, which proposes that the right hemisphere may play an important role in the automatic generation of emotional responses, whereas the left hemisphere may be involved in the control and modulation of emotional reactions.
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Handayani, Riska Dwi, Kusrini Kusrini, and Hanif Al Fatta. "Perbandingan Fitur Ekstraksi Untuk Klasifikasi Emosi Pada Sosial Media." Jurnal Ilmiah SINUS 18, no. 2 (July 6, 2020): 21. http://dx.doi.org/10.30646/sinus.v18i2.457.
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Emotions are complex conscious experiences characterizing mental states, such as excitement, anger, love, fear, and so on, as part of important human nature. Nowadays, many people express themselves as a reflection of their personality using social media. Social Media grows and becomes a method for social interaction and information sharing. Based on that, researchers tried to use social media data to classify someone's emotions. Emotional detection of text from social media is a field of research that is gaining a high interest, especially for the sake of emotional analysis. To be able to classify such emotions, researchers use comparative feature comparison and algorithms classification. The comparison of features in this research is the extraction features TF-IDF and N-gram which are then classified using Naïve bayes algorithm. However, before the extraction feature is applied, there is a pre-processing text technique using several methods: Case Folding, Stopword Removal, and Stemming. Based on this research, techniques of extraction features in this research generating the highest accuracy value after the classification method is the TF-IDF with an accuracy value of 80%, 98% for the highest value of precision in measurement of “pleasure” emotion, 99% for the highest recall value is in “happy” emotion, and 95% for the highest F1-score value in “pleasure” emotion.
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Ortigueira-Sánchez, Luis Camilo, and Ana Lucía Cárdenas-Egúsquiza. "Rhetorical strategies and emotions in political marketing management." Academia Revista Latinoamericana de Administración 32, no. 4 (November 4, 2019): 487–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/arla-02-2019-0053.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to analyze how political marketing management in terms of communication practices influence the voters’ emotional responses as they observe and listen to the discourse of a political leader. Design/methodology/approach An experiment was conducted, in which participants watched the last debate of the campaign leading up the Peruvian presidential elections held in June 2016. During the experiment, the Emotient FACET technology codifies the facial micro-expressions of participants. Findings The results reveal that a voter’s political tendencies influence the intensity of their positive emotions, when the political leader communicated a challenging message. Rhetorical strategies and non-verbal behaviors accompany this type of message in order to emphasize the discourse and persuade the audience. Practical implications The findings suggest that the gender gap in attitudes toward female politicians exists and could change the relationship found, influencing negative emotions instead of positive emotions. The implications of the findings for achieving political success are discussed. Originality/value The study makes a methodological contribution, employing an experimental protocol based on Emotient FACET technology in a political context, thereby enabling more direct and objective measurement of voters’ emotional responses.
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Perkins, Beth A., Paulius Satkus, and Sara J. Finney. "Examining the Factor Structure and Measurement Invariance of Test Emotions Across Testing Platform, Gender, and Time." Journal of Psychoeducational Assessment 38, no. 8 (May 14, 2020): 969–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0734282920918726.
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Few studies have examined the psychometric properties of the test-related items from the Achievement Emotions Questionnaire (AEQ). Using a sample of 955 university students, we examined the factor structure of 12 emotion items measuring test-related anger, boredom, enjoyment, and pride. Results indicated the four emotions were distinct, allowing for further examination of measurement invariance of the items across testing platform (computer-based vs. pencil-paper test) and gender. Configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported for testing platform and gender. Given interest in modeling change in emotions, we also examined whether the items were invariant across time by measuring emotions at 3 times during a test. Using a sample of 651 university students, configural, metric, and scalar invariance was supported across time. The findings provide important structural validity evidence for the item responses and support the comparison of emotions across testing platform, gender, and time.
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Coutinho, Eduardo, and Klaus R. Scherer. "Introducing the GEneva Music-Induced Affect Checklist (GEMIAC)." Music Perception 34, no. 4 (April 1, 2017): 371–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2017.34.4.371.
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The systematic study of music-induced emotions requires standardized measurement instruments to reliably assess the nature of affective reactions to music, which tend to go beyond garden-variety basic emotions. We describe the development and conceptual validation of a checklist for rapid assessment of music-induced affect, designed to extend and complement the Geneva Emotional Music Scale. The checklist contains a selection of affect and emotion categories that are frequently used in the literature to refer to emotional reactions to music. The development of the checklist focused on an empirical investigation of the semantic structure of the relevant terms, combined with fuzzy classes based on a series of hierarchical cluster analyses. Two versions of the checklist for assessing the intensity and frequency of affective responses to music are proposed.
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Granato, Philippe, and Raymond Bruyer. "Measurement of the perception of facially expressed emotions by a computerized device: method of analysis and research for the integration of emotions (MARIE)." European Psychiatry 17, no. 6 (October 2002): 339–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)00684-3.
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SummaryCurrent computerized tools allow detailed exploration of the structure and functioning of the “black box,” i.e., human cognitive and affective systems as well as thought. This technology was used to study the visual perception of facially expressed emotions. Morphological transition from one canonical emotion to another led to the creation of a continuum of intermediary pictures, and the identification of perceived emotions by 65 normal subjects was measured. We call this application “MARIE” (in French: Méthode d’Analyse et de Recherche de l’Intégration des Émotions; Method of Study and Analysis of Integration of Emotions). Our study examined the relationship between the quantitative modification of the continuum and the quantitative variation of the responses. Standardization of graphs led to the assessment of the two parameters of a Laplace-Gauss curve, i.e., mean and standard deviation. It is argued that such a tool could be very useful in the clinical assessment of the emotional state of subjects and/or of patients.
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Perry, Nicole B., and Jessica M. Dollar. "Measurement of Behavioral Emotion Regulation Strategies in Early Childhood: The Early Emotion Regulation Behavior Questionnaire (EERBQ)." Children 8, no. 9 (September 6, 2021): 779. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children8090779.
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The Early Emotion Regulation Behavior Questionnaire (EERBQ) assesses children’s emotion regulation (ER) behavioral strategies in both positive and negative emotional contexts. Psychometric properties and factor structure were tested in a sample of caregivers across the United States (N = 362) with children ages 2–6 years-old (56% male; 73% White). Findings suggest that the EERBQ is psychometrically sound and correlates with other well-established measures of children’s socioemotional functioning. Previously, researchers have only been able to assess children’s emotional behavioral regulatory strategies in a laboratory setting. Thus, use of the EERBQ addresses a critical gap in the current literature by providing researchers and practitioners with an instrument to measure young children’s early emotional functioning outside of a laboratory context. This is particularly salient because early difficulty regulating emotions is often a precursor to persistent adverse developmental outcomes. Thus, the ability to easily to collect rich and predictive behavioral regulation data is imperative for early identification and treatment of youths’ emotional and behavioral problems.
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Sasse, Heide, and Miriam Leuchter. "Capturing Primary School Students’ Emotional Responses with a Sensor Wristband." Frontline Learning Research 9, no. 3 (May 25, 2021): 31–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.14786/flr.v9i3.723.
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The emotions experienced by primary school students have both positive and negative effects on learning processes. Thus, to better understand learning processes, research should consider emotions during class. Standard survey-based methods, such as self-reports, are limited in terms of capturing the detailed trajectories of primary school children’s emotions, as their abilities of self-reporting are developing and still limited. Emotions can also be tracked by capturing emotional responses as they occur e.g. from physiological reaction measured with sensor wristbands. This technology generates an emotional responsestypology based on continuously captured physiological data, such as skin conductivity and skin temperature. However, such measurement methods need to be validated before being used. The present study thus attempted to validate this instrument with primary school students. We used the BM Sensor Wristband technology, as its emotional response typology is based on the categorical emotion and homeostasis approach. In our research, we focus on the emotional responses that can be distinguished by the BM Typology and that can influence learning processes. These emotional responses are: “joy”, “curiosity”, “attention”, “fear”, “anger” and “passivity”. Therefore, we induced emotional responses in primary school children through specifically developed audio-visual stimuli. Using logistic mixed effects modelling, we investigated the occurrence of opposing reactions. We observed that primary school children’s reactions to audio-visual stimuli could be differentiated. We conclude that primary school children’s emotional responses, such as “joy”, “curiosity”, “attention”, “fear”, “anger” and “passivity”, can be accurately measured by evaluating physiological data.
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Kamilah, Hana, and Hanifah. "Construction and Validation of Emotional Agility Measurement Tools : Measuring One'S Emotional Agility." JPPP - Jurnal Penelitian dan Pengukuran Psikologi 10, no. 1 (April 27, 2021): 65–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.21009/jppp.101.08.
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Mental health includes one’s ability to adjust themselves with the daily stres they experience. On stresful event, there’s always highly emotional condition attached, therefore the ability to regulate emotions becomes vital. Emotional Agility is one’s ability to face emotions, thoughts loosely and move past them to help change or retain behaviors in line with goal and values . In Indonesia, research regarding Emotional Agility and it’s measurement hasn’t been explored much. The instrument are designed based on Emotional Agility theory–Susan David and being tried out to 112 respondents (young adult individuals). The validity test being used pertains to Construct Validity, using model testing Confirmatory Factor Analysis. Reliability test are done using Alpha Cronbach technique. Based on the try out, an instrument of Emotional Agility in Indonesian Version is produced consisting 49 items (p-value=1.00, RMSEA=0.00, CFI=0.97, NFI=0.97, IFI=0.97 and reliability coefficient of 0.860).
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Hovland, Ole J., and Fran�oise D. Alsaker. "Disruptive emotions and the measurement of irrationality." Journal of Rational-Emotive Therapy 4, no. 2 (1986): 143–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf01074172.
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Feyzi Behnagh, Reza. "Emotions and emotional energy in the science classroom: a discussion of measurement." Cultural Studies of Science Education 15, no. 1 (April 20, 2019): 307–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11422-019-09929-8.
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Yao, Valery Y. "Investigating Consumption-Related Emotions Elicited by Selected Dairy Products Using Product Emotion Measurement." International Journal of Marketing Studies 8, no. 1 (January 29, 2016): 86. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/ijms.v8n1p86.
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<p>This article investigates the mediating role of specific emotions attached to the consumption of milk, yoghurt, cheese, and maas (Note 1) in Gauteng Province, South Africa. To this end, 81 South African dairy consumers’ consumption experiences were assessed through the use of the Product Emotion measurement (PrEmo). Computer-aided web interviews (CAWI) were used to collect the data. The findings indicate that ultimately, dairy consumption is emotionally-driven. The findings also clearly offer strong support that the notion of consumer emotion is a much better indicator for assessing and improving consumer experience. The uncovered strong emotions elicited by the selected generic dairy products should be considered by dairy marketers as critical building blocks in creating dairy marketing messages. Measuring consumers’ consumption experience as integral part of a marketing programme is the first study of its kind in the South African dairy industry.</p>
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Gayathri, G., Aravind Sethuraman, and Vishaal K. Anna. "Conjectural schema using Quantum mechanics-AI to express and interpret emotional intellect in a social robot." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2115, no. 1 (November 1, 2021): 012040. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2115/1/012040.
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Abstract In this paper, the study represents a theoretical conceptualization on the potential improvements to interpret and devise under the notion of quantum mechanics & AI utilizing psychology for social robots. The framework is elaborated in regard to the development of emotions encoded through information and possibilities, which manipulates the use of transitions of these emotions in states through the Quantum & AI measurements. To support the development, work introduced is an interpretation of quantum mechanics, linked with quantum science, systems science, and Conceptualized Neural Network. The understanding of these emotions are expected to impact the technical capability of robots in a specific aspect to sense, capture, and act in an environment relied on optimization of quantum bits, where a robot, perform these emotions through a network which will allow interaction with the given target, changing the robot’s state of response according to optimization and gates from target itself, computing the robot’s emotional performance based on measurement and mathematical expressions changing in accordance to the available information. This method will help to emphasize its viability and effectiveness in the synthesis of emotional intellect in social robots.
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Tenenbaum, Gershon, and Efrat Elran. "Congruence between Actual and Retrospective Reports of Emotions for Pre- and Postcompetition States." Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 25, no. 3 (September 2003): 323–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1123/jsep.25.3.323.
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Congruence between actual and retrospective reports for pre- and postcompetition emotional states was investigated separately and together. Fifty-two members of four university sport teams participated in one or more of three experimental conditions. The first condition consisted of actual measurement of precompetition emotional states and retrospective measurement of the same situation following a 72-hr delay. Actual and retrospective measurement of postcompetition emotional states comprised the second condition. The third condition included actual measurement of pre- and post-states and retrospective measurement of both states after a 72-hr delay. RM-MANOVA procedures revealed that athletes could report and differentiate between their pre- and postcompetition emotional experiences, and that retrospective report was not affected by the pre/post interference after a 72-hour delay. However, athletes underestimated the intensity of postcompetition unpleasant emotions. Correlations between the structured actual and retrospective measures of emotions were moderate to strong, and thus congruent. However, thoughts and feelings that were openly expressed after 72 hours were not fully congruent with thoughts and feelings reported in real time. These findings are discussed in relation to Ericsson and Simon’s (1980, 1984) conceptualization of verbal reports as data, and Ross’ (1989) implicit theory of stability and change.
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Clynes, Manfred. "Methodology in Sentographic Measurement of Motor Expression of Emotion: Two-Dimensional Freedom of Gesture Essential." Perceptual and Motor Skills 68, no. 3 (June 1989): 779–83. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pms.1989.68.3.779.
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Measures of motor expression of specific emotions recently reported by Trussoni, et al. in 1988 in this journal used large one-dimensional displacement (7 cm or more, vertical) as a measure, and not pressure, free in two dimensions as in the sentographic measurement of dynamic form used by Clynes. But to be forced to provide such one-dimensional movement strongly inhibits emotional expression. Additional problems of using displacement are discussed, including resetting. Also, to obtain adequate emotion generation experimentally, it is desirable to use the emotion-generating properties of a flow of appropriately repeated expressions for each emotion, for which timings were developed by Clynes rather than having subjects try to fantasize separately for each short expression. Trussoni, et al. erroneously reported discovering a flaw in the original sentograph, in its use of strain gauges, which actually are a standard, widely used and accurate means used for measurement of pressure.
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Lane, Richard D., and Ryan Smith. "Levels of Emotional Awareness: Theory and Measurement of a Socio-Emotional Skill." Journal of Intelligence 9, no. 3 (August 19, 2021): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jintelligence9030042.
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Emotional awareness is the ability to conceptualize and describe one’s own emotions and those of others. Over thirty years ago, a cognitive-developmental theory of emotional awareness patterned after Piaget’s theory of cognitive development was created as well as a performance measure of this ability called the Levels of Emotional Awareness Scale (LEAS). Since then, a large number of studies have been completed in healthy volunteers and clinical populations including those with mental health or systemic medical disorders. Along the way, there have also been further refinements and adaptations of the LEAS such as the creation of a digital version in addition to further advances in the theory itself. This review aims to provide a comprehensive summary of the evolving theoretical background, measurement methods, and empirical findings with the LEAS. The LEAS is a reliable and valid measure of emotional awareness. Evidence suggests that emotional awareness facilitates better emotion self-regulation, better ability to navigate complex social situations and enjoy relationships, and better physical and mental health. This is a relatively new but promising area of research in the domain of socio-emotional skills. The paper concludes with some recommendations for future research.
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Lang, Nadine, N. Goes, M. Struck, T. Wittenberg, N. Goes, J. Seßner, J. Franke, et al. "Evaluation of an algorithm for optical pulse detection in children for application to the Pepper robot." Current Directions in Biomedical Engineering 7, no. 2 (October 1, 2021): 484–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/cdbme-2021-2123.
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Abstract To engage in socio-emotional interactions, children with autism spectrum conditions (ASC) need support to understand and convey emotions. In our approach, a humanoid robot (Pepper, Softbanks Robotics) acts as a tutor for the child within autism care. The robot, equipped with multimodal sensor technology to acquire the emotional feedback of the child, stimulates the child to perform tasks, adapted to its current arousal state. By in-, or decreasing the difficulties of implemented training modules, the child can be given the appropriate task according to its emotional state. The child’s arousal is measured with different techniques implemented in and on the robot: emotion detection based on audio recordings of the speech signal and camera detected facial expressions, or heart rate. To this end, the remote Photoplethysmography (rPPG) signal from camera recordings of the subjects’ face is acquired. While its unintrusive measurement is an advantage, a major drawback for rPPG is its proneness to motion and light artefacts requiring de-noising steps. A wavelet transform based on log-Gabor wavelets and a filter bank with 32 filters was implemented. The signal was filtered with a prior filter and afterwards with a Markov chain in order to extract the underlying pulse rate. Within an initial study, five children were observed watching videos with different co-notated emotions. As reference for the heart rate (HR), a wristband (empatica E4) was used. The captured emotions of all subjects were annotated to identify low and high arousal parts and positive and negative emotions. Extracted HR from rPPG-data indicated a correlation with the annotated emotions.
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Stadler, Raphaela, Allan Stewart Jepson, and Emma Harriet Wood. "Electrodermal activity measurement within a qualitative methodology." International Journal of Contemporary Hospitality Management 30, no. 11 (November 12, 2018): 3363–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijchm-11-2017-0781.
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Purpose Reflecting, reliving and reforming experiences enhance longer-term effects of travel and tourism, and have been highlighted as an important aspect in determining loyalty, re-visitation and post-consumption satisfaction. The purpose of this paper is to develop new methodological approaches to investigate emotion, memory creation and the resulting psychosocial effects. Design/methodology/approach The paper proposes a unique combination of physiological measures and photoelicitation-based discussions within a longitudinal design. A physiological measuring instrument (electrodermal activity [EDA] tracking technology through Empatica E4 wristbands) is utilised to capture the “unadulterated” emotional response both during the experience and in reliving or remembering it. This is combined with post-experience narrative discussion groups using photos and other artefacts to give further understanding of the process of collective memory creation. Findings EDA tracking can enhance qualitative research methodologies in three ways: through use as an “artefact” to prompt reflection on feelings, through identifying peaks of emotional response and through highlighting changes in emotional response over time. Empirical evidence from studies into participatory arts events and the potential well-being effects upon women over the age of 70 is presented to illustrate the method. Originality/value The artificial environment created using experimental approaches to measure emotions and memory (common in many fields of psychology) has serious limitations. This paper proposes new and more “natural” methods for use in tourism, hospitality and events research, which have the potential to better capture participants’ feelings, behaviours and the meanings they place upon them.
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Li, Shanshi, Gabby Walters, Jan Packer, and Noel Scott. "A Comparative Analysis of Self-Report and Psychophysiological Measures of Emotion in the Context of Tourism Advertising." Journal of Travel Research 57, no. 8 (October 12, 2017): 1078–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0047287517733555.
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This study investigates the influence of emotional responses evoked by destination television advertisements on three common variables of interest when assessing tourism advertising effectiveness: attitude toward the advertisement, postexposure destination attitude and visit intention. In particular, this study used a combination of self-report and psychophysiological measures of emotion and explored the consistency between these two measurement techniques. A total of 101 participants were exposed to 18 existing destination commercials while their real-time psychophysiological responses and self-report data were collected. The results show that the influence of ad-evoked emotions on tourism advertising effectiveness varied according to the way emotion was measured. The effects of pleasure on tourism advertising effectiveness were much weaker when pleasure was measured physiologically than when self-report measures were used. Physiological arousal, however, was not found to be a significant indicator of advertising effectiveness. The results highlight the importance of valid and reliable measurement of emotion and raise concern over the possible overestimation of the relationship between self-reported emotional responses and advertising effectiveness.
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R. van Gelderen, Benjamin, Arnold B. Bakker, Elly Konijn, and Carmen Binnewies. "Daily deliberative dissonance acting among police officers." Journal of Managerial Psychology 29, no. 7 (September 2, 2014): 884–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jmp-07-2012-0198.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to gain insight into the relationships of daily deliberative dissonance acting (DDA) with daily strain and daily work engagement. DDA refers to the deliberate acting of emotions to achieve one's work goals. The authors hypothesized that daily DDA would be positively related to strain through feelings of emotional dissonance. In addition, the authors predicted that DDA would be positively related to daily work engagement via job accomplishment. Design/methodology/approach –The authors applied a five-day quantitative diary design with two measurement occasions per day using a sample of 54 police officers (i.e. 270 measurement occasions). In the multilevel analyses, the authors controlled for previous levels of the dependent variables in order to analyse change. Findings – Multilevel analyses revealed that police officers deliberatively engaged in emotional labor with both detrimental and beneficial consequences, as assessed via their daily reports of strain and work engagement. Practical implications – The results suggest that acting emotions is not inherently harmful, but may also be beneficial for job accomplishment, which fosters work engagement. The training of police officers and possibly other service employees should include the topic of DDA as a form of emotional labor and its consequences for psychological well-being. Social implications – Police officers who accomplish their job tasks by acting the appropriate emotions may not only experience strain, but may also become more engaged in their work. Originality/value – The present study showed that police officers engage in deliberate dissonance acting. The authors showed how this emotion regulation technique is related to strain and engagement – on a daily basis.
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Arifin A. Pasinringi, Mayenrisari, Aulia Salsabila Burhanuddin, Fidya Ainun Cholisa, Nur Inayah Musa, and Elfydha Siti Safrina. "Kontribusi Regulasi Emosi terhadap Kecemasan pada Ibu Hamil di Kehamilan Pertama." Jurnal Health Sains 2, no. 11 (November 24, 2021): 1469–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.46799/jhs.v2i11.335.
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Anxiety can occur in pregnant women in the first pregnancy, one of which is because they have difficulty to regulate proper emotions. The negative impact of anxiety triggers uterine contractions, increased blood pressure, preeclampsia and even miscarriage. When the experience and expression of emotions can be managed properly then it can have an impact on the lack of anxiety symptoms that appear and of course improve the psychological well-being of pregnant women. This study aims to find out the contribution of emotional regulation to anxiety in pregnant women in the first pregnancy. A study sample of 34 people with an age range of 20-37 years using purposive sampling techniques. The measurement tools used are Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ) and Zung Self-rating Anxiety. The data is analyzed using a simple regression test. The results showed that emotion regulation contributed significantly to anxiety in pregnant women in the first pregnancy with a correlation index value (R) of 40.2%. Emotion regulation contributed to anxiety (R2) by 16.2% and 83.8% was affected by other variables outside the study
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Io, Man-U. "Understanding the effects of multi-dimensional tourism experiences on tourists’ positive emotions and satisfaction in the context of casino hotels." International Journal of Culture, Tourism and Hospitality Research 11, no. 2 (June 5, 2017): 142–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijcthr-05-2016-0050.
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Purpose This study aims to evaluate casino-hotel visitors’ tourism experiences which consist of multiple dimensions, and test their joint effects on visitors’ positive emotions and satisfaction. The findings are expected to reveal how multi-dimensional tourism experiences could shape visitors’ positive emotions, and empirically support positive emotions as the mediator between tourism experiences and satisfaction in the context of casino hotels. Design/methodology/approach A quantitative survey was conducted for this study. In all, 500 valid questionnaires were collected at four major casino hotels in Macao. Respondents were Chinese tourists who visited casino hotels in June. A structural model was developed and tested to understand the relationships between multi-dimensional tourism experiences, positive emotions and satisfaction. Findings Positive emotions were identified as “light pleasure” and “intense fun” emotions based on the context-specific measurement of casino hotels. The “light pleasure” emotions were found to be more effective in influencing respondents’ satisfaction than “intense fun” emotions. Different dimensions of tourism experiences were found to have different levels of impact on respondents’ positive emotions. The findings revealed how multi-dimensional tourism experiences influenced respondents’ positive emotions which in turn determined their satisfaction. Originality/value The findings advanced the understanding of the relationships between tourism experiences, positive emotions and satisfaction in the context of casino hotels. The two types of positive emotions identified in the study add values to the literature of casino-hotel visitors and emotional experiences. This study suggests a further investigation into the scope and measurement of each dimension of tourism experiences in different tourism settings in future research. The findings provided some practical suggestions for the management of positive emotions and tourism experiences in casino hotels.
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Sun, Yang, and Shaoze Wang. "Study on the Distance Learners’ Academic Emotions Using Online Learning Behavior Data." Mobile Information Systems 2022 (August 28, 2022): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9785591.
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In recent years, computer vision, artificial intelligence, machine learning, and other high-tech technologies have advanced rapidly. These strategies lay a new technical foundation for online learning and intelligent education by making it easier to promote the scientific, intelligent, and data-driven growth of learners’ academic emotions. However, at present, online learning can better make up for the shortcomings of traditional learning and enable people to realize distance learning. However, as an important indicator, learners’ learning emotion has a direct impact on learners’ learning quality and effect. Therefore, this paper analyzes distance learners’ academic emotions based on online learning behavior data. It extracts online learning behavior data by using a deep learning algorithm and multimodal weighted feature fusion based on DS (Dempster-Shafer) evidence theory, establishing distance learners’ academic cognition motivation model, and constructs an online learning emotion measurement framework. Finally, it is determined through a correlation study of distance learners’ academic emotions and learning impacts those learners’ academic emotions in class. It will have a beneficial influence on learning since learners’ academic emotion is favorably connected with instructors’ emotion, and learners’ addition, deletion, and modification behavior is positively correlated with learners’ academic emotion.
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Klinger, Evelyne, Choubeila Maaoui, Daniel Mestre, and Alain Pruski. "Emotions: Induction, measurement, and use in virtual environments." Journal Européen des Systèmes Automatisés 43, no. 3 (March 30, 2009): 351–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.3166/jesa.43.351-368.
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Lichtenstein-Vidne, L., S. Gabay, N. Cohen, and A. Henik. "Lateralisation of emotions: evidence from pupil size measurement." Cognition and Emotion 31, no. 4 (April 7, 2016): 699–711. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699931.2016.1164668.
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MURRAY, LYNNE. "Chidren's Emotions and Moods: Developmental Theory and Measurement." American Journal of Psychiatry 143, no. 3 (March 1986): 380—a—381. http://dx.doi.org/10.1176/ajp.143.3.380-a.
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