Academic literature on the topic 'Emotions – Measurement'
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Journal articles on the topic "Emotions – Measurement"
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Plutchik, R. "The measurement of emotions." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 9, no. 2 (June 1997): 58–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0924270800036802.
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Most people usually think of emotion as a subjective feeling of a certain kind, the kind for which labels like happy, sad, and frightened are appropriate. However, there is much evidence to suggest that this is too narrow a way to define emotions, and that a different and broader conceptualization is needed. If we examine the history of theories of emotion we find a great diversity of views. For example, Darwin, in his 1872 book ‘The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals’, conceived of emotions as expressive behaviors that had the function of communicating intentions from one animal to another in the presence of conflicts or emergencies. Emotional expressions, from this point of view, regulated interpersonal relations and increased the chances of individual survival.
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Wang, Jianmin, Yujia Liu, Yuxi Wang, Jinjing Mao, Tianyang Yue, and Fang You. "SAET: The Non-Verbal Measurement Tool in User Emotional Experience." Applied Sciences 11, no. 16 (August 17, 2021): 7532. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app11167532.
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In this paper, the development process and validation of a self-assessment emotion tool (SAET) is described, which establishes an emotion-assessment method to improve pictorial expression design. The tool is based on an emotion set of emotional-cognition-derived rules obtained from an OCC model proposed by Ortony, Clore, and Collins, and the emotion set and expression design are validated by numerical computation of the dimensional space pleasure–arousal–dominance (PAD) and the cognitive assessment of emotion words. The SAET consists of twenty images that display a cartoon figure expressing ten positive and ten negative emotions. The instrument can be used during interactions with visual interfaces such as websites, posters, cell phones, and vehicles, and allows participants to select interface elements that elicit specific emotions. Experimental results show the validity of this type of tool in terms of both semantic discrimination of emotions and quantitative numerical validation.
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Baum, Andrew, Neil E. Grunberg, and Jerome E. Singer. "Biochemical Measurements in the Study of Emotion." Psychological Science 3, no. 1 (January 1992): 56–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.1992.tb00257.x.
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The study of emotions is complicated by a number of factors, including the biological bases of emotional experience and expression. Although biochemical changes have long been thought to be part of the evocation of emotions, research has not consistently included this level of measurement, and theories of emotion have not systematically specified the role of these biochemical bases. In this paper, we briefly review relevant biochemical principles and measures that can be integrated into research and theory on emotions. Applications of these principles in extant studies of emotion are also discussed.
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Hamm, Jihun, Amy Pinkham, Ruben C. Gur, Ragini Verma, and Christian G. Kohler. "Dimensional Information-Theoretic Measurement of Facial Emotion Expressions in Schizophrenia." Schizophrenia Research and Treatment 2014 (2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/243907.
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Altered facial expressions of emotions are characteristic impairments in schizophrenia. Ratings of affect have traditionally been limited to clinical rating scales and facial muscle movement analysis, which require extensive training and have limitations based on methodology and ecological validity. To improve reliable assessment of dynamic facial expression changes, we have developed automated measurements of facial emotion expressions based on information-theoretic measures of expressivity ofambiguityanddistinctivenessof facial expressions. These measures were examined in matched groups of persons with schizophrenia (n=28) and healthy controls (n=26) who underwent video acquisition to assess expressivity of basic emotions (happiness, sadness, anger, fear, and disgust) in evoked conditions. Persons with schizophrenia scored higher onambiguity, the measure of conditional entropy within the expression of a single emotion, and they scored lower ondistinctiveness, the measure of mutual information across expressions of different emotions. The automated measures compared favorably with observer-based ratings. This method can be applied for delineating dynamic emotional expressivity in healthy and clinical populations.
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Delgado, Ana R., Gerardo Prieto, and Debora I. Burin. "Constructing three emotion knowledge tests from the invariant measurement approach." PeerJ 5 (September 13, 2017): e3755. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj.3755.
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Background Psychological constructionist models like the Conceptual Act Theory (CAT) postulate that complex states such as emotions are composed of basic psychological ingredients that are more clearly respected by the brain than basic emotions. The objective of this study was the construction and initial validation of Emotion Knowledge measures from the CAT frame by means of an invariant measurement approach, the Rasch Model (RM). Psychological distance theory was used to inform item generation. Methods Three EK tests—emotion vocabulary (EV), close emotional situations (CES) and far emotional situations (FES)—were constructed and tested with the RM in a community sample of 100 females and 100 males (age range: 18–65), both separately and conjointly. Results It was corroborated that data-RM fit was sufficient. Then, the effect of type of test and emotion on Rasch-modelled item difficulty was tested. Significant effects of emotion on EK item difficulty were found, but the only statistically significant difference was that between “happiness” and the remaining emotions; neither type of test, nor interaction effects on EK item difficulty were statistically significant. The testing of gender differences was carried out after corroborating that differential item functioning (DIF) would not be a plausible alternative hypothesis for the results. No statistically significant sex-related differences were found out in EV, CES, FES, or total EK. However, the sign of d indicate that female participants were consistently better than male ones, a result that will be of interest for future meta-analyses. Discussion The three EK tests are ready to be used as components of a higher-level measurement process.
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Strazdins, Lyndall M. "Integrating Emotions: Multiple Role Measurement of Emotional Work." Australian Journal of Psychology 52, no. 1 (April 2000): 41–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00049530008255366.
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Janowski, Maciej, and Maria Chełkowska-Zacharewicz. "What do we actually measure as music-induced emotions?" Roczniki Psychologiczne 22, no. 4 (June 29, 2020): 373–403. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rpsych.2019.22.4-5.
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The paper presents the results of a systematic review of 61 empirical studies in which emotions in response to music were measured. The analysis of each study was focused on the measurement of emotion components and the conceptualization of emotion both in hypothesis and discussion. The review does not support the claim that music evokes the same emotional reactions as life events do, especially modal emotions. Notably, neither a high intensity of feelings, nor intentionality were confirmed in relation to musical experiences, the emergence of specific action tendencies, or specific physiological changes. Based on the obtained results, it is recommended to use the terms “affect” or “music emotions” with reference to emotions experienced in reaction to music and to abandon the term “emotions” as misleading.
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Zaid, Sumaia Mohammed, Fonny Dameaty Hutagalung, Harris Shah Bin Abd Hamid, and Sahar Mohammed Taresh. "Sadness regulation strategies and measurement: A scoping review." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 13, 2021): e0256088. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0256088.
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Backgrounds Accurate measurement and suitable strategies facilitate people regulate their sadness in an effective manner. Regulating or mitigating negative emotions, particularly sadness, is crucial mainly because constant negative emotions may lead to psychological disorders, such as depression and anxiety. This paper presents an overview of sadness regulation strategies and related measurement. Method Upon adhering to five-step scoping review, this study combed through articles that looked into sadness regulation retrieved from eight databases. Results As a result of reviewing 40 selected articles, 110 strategies were identified to regulate emotions, particularly sadness. Some of the most commonly reported strategies include expressive suppression, cognitive reappraisal, distraction, seeking social or emotional support, and rumination. The four types of measures emerged from the review are self-reported, informant report (parents or peers), open-ended questions, and emotion regulation instructions. Notably, most studies had tested psychometric properties using Cronbach’s alpha alone, while only a handful had assessed validity (construct and factorial validity) and reliability (Cronbach’s alpha or test-retest) based on responses captured from questionnaire survey. Conclusion Several sadness regulation strategies appeared to vary based on gender, age, and use of strategy. Despite the general measurement of emotion regulation, only one measure was developed to measure sadness regulation exclusively for children. Future studies may develop a comprehensive battery of measures to assess sadness regulation using multi-component method.
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Feng, Xiang, Yaojia Wei, Xianglin Pan, Longhui Qiu, and Yongmei Ma. "Academic Emotion Classification and Recognition Method for Large-scale Online Learning Environment—Based on A-CNN and LSTM-ATT Deep Learning Pipeline Method." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 6 (March 16, 2020): 1941. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17061941.
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Subjective well-being is a comprehensive psychological indicator for measuring quality of life. Studies have found that emotional measurement methods and measurement accuracy are important for well-being-related research. Academic emotion is an emotion description in the field of education. The subjective well-being of learners in an online learning environment can be studied by analyzing academic emotions. However, in a large-scale online learning environment, it is extremely challenging to classify learners’ academic emotions quickly and accurately for specific comment aspects. This study used literature analysis and data pre-analysis to build a dimensional classification system of academic emotion aspects for students’ comments in an online learning environment, as well as to develop an aspect-oriented academic emotion automatic recognition method, including an aspect-oriented convolutional neural network (A-CNN) and an academic emotion classification algorithm based on the long short-term memory with attention mechanism (LSTM-ATT) and the attention mechanism. The experiments showed that this model can provide quick and effective identification. The A-CNN model accuracy on the test set was 89%, and the LSTM-ATT model accuracy on the test set was 71%. This research provides a new method for the measurement of large-scale online academic emotions, as well as support for research related to students’ well-being in online learning environments.
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Stein, Nancy L., and Keith Oatley. "Basic emotions: Theory and measurement." Cognition and Emotion 6, no. 3-4 (May 1992): 161–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699939208411067.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Emotions – Measurement"
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Bower, Joanne Louise. "Regulation of positive emotions : measurement and individual differences." Thesis, University of Reading, 2016. http://centaur.reading.ac.uk/69518/.
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Regulation of positive emotions is under-researched, despite evidence linking dysregulation to mental health problems. Furthermore, studies often use clinical populations, with limited data from healthy volunteers. The current thesis investigated individual differences in the regulation of positive emotions, and developed and validated tools for the study of emotion regulation. The State/Trait Emotion Regulation Questionnaires (STERQ) were created and validated, showing good reliability, model fit and convergent validity. The project also examined the feasibility of online emotion regulation experiments, showing these can be conducted via the internet, with comparable results to those obtained within the laboratory, albeit eliciting smaller effect sizes. Two studies investigated spontaneous and instructed regulation of positive emotions in healthy participants, focusing on associations between emotion regulation and risk for hypomania and depression. Emotional intrusion was positively associated with both increased hypomania and depression traits. Additionally, hypomanic personality traits were associated with use of more strategies to regulate positive emotions. Individuals with higher depression scores showed some lowering of baseline positive emotions and increased dampening in response to positive emotions. Finally, the thesis assessed the impact of positive emotions on subsequent emotion regulation responses to negative stimuli, testing the hypothesis that positive emotions may have a protective impact on the experience of negative emotion. Elicitation of positive emotions did not affect the regulation strategies, emotional or physiological response to subsequent negative stimuli. Various future directions arise from the current work. The creation of the STERQ provides additional measures for investigating the temporal and contextual dynamics of emotion regulation. Research into regulating positive emotions could be extended through the manipulation of emotional intensity and types of emotion examined. Finally, studying how emotion regulation changes in response to mixed valence states may better reflect real life, leading to a more nuanced understanding of emotion regulation and its relationship with psychopathology.
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Sabir, Iffat. "A holistic emotions measurement model : using the viable system model to diagnose workforce emotions." Thesis, University of Hull, 2014. http://hydra.hull.ac.uk/resources/hull:10760.
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Research Purpose: The current study attempted to redress the ‘narrowness’ in the research on the causes of workforce emotional experiences by utilizing the cybernetic Viable System Model (VSM) framework, and developing a reference model to facilitate the integrated view of the related aspects of affective workplace environment. Methods: Based on VSM distinctions, an analytical tool (named as Holistic Emotions Measurement Model – HEMM) was developed for gauging the broad range of the causes of emotional experiences prevailing in the work environment. It facilitated the joined-up functional and the relational view of the entire working environment adequate for holistic diagnosis of the antecedents of emotions within the work settings. HEMM was tested empirically by conducting survey in Pakistan corporate sector. The development and test of the reference model was guided by the constructivism-positivism philosophy respectively. Results: The functional and relational view of the workplace environment captured by the reference model helped in comprehending the causes of emotional experiences holistically. The field testing results confirmed the potential utilization of the tool in diagnosing the antecedents of affective experiences of the employees while at work. Conclusion: The current study provided an empirical account on the effective utilization of organizational cybernetics principles in the field of organizational behaviour which has remained largely unexplored till date. VSM framework has been proposed as a tool for understanding work environment and diagnosing the causes of the workforce emotions generation, which has enhanced the state-of-art theories on emotions management. The application of the reference model on field provided evidence about the convenient use of VSM in conjunction to Affective Events Theory (AET) as emotions measurement tool.
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Hunter, Kirsten, and n/a. "Affective Empathy in Children: Measurement and Correlates." Griffith University. School of Applied Psychology, 2004. http://www4.gu.edu.au:8080/adt-root/public/adt-QGU20040610.135822.
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Empathy is a construct that plays a pivotal role in the development of interpersonal relationships, and thus ones ability to function socially and often professionally. The development of empathy in children is therefore of particular interest to allow for further understanding of normative and atypical developmental trajectories. This thesis investigated the assessment of affective empathy in children aged 5-12, through the development and comparison of a multimethod assessment approach. Furthermore this thesis evaluated the differential relationships between affective empathy and global behavioural problems in children versus the presence of early psychopathic traits, such as callous-unemotional traits. The first component of this study incorporated; a measure of facial expression of affective empathy, and self-reported experience of affective empathy, as measured by the newly designed Griffith Empathy Measure - Video Observation (GEM-VO) and the Griffith Empathy Measure - Self Report (GEM-SR); the Bryant's Index of Empathy for Children and Adolescents (1982) which is a traditional child self-report measure; and a newly designed parent-report of child affective empathy (Griffith Empathy Measure - Parent Report; GEM-PR). Using a normative community sample of 211 children from grades 1, 3, 5, and 7 (aged 5-6, 7-8, 9-10, & 11-12, respectively), the GEM-PR and the Bryant were found to have moderate to strong internal consistency. As a measure of concurrent validity, strong positive correlations were found between the mother and father reports (GEM-PR) of their child's affective empathy, for grades 5 and 7, and for girls of all age groups. Using a convenience sample of 31 parents and children aged 5 to 12, the GEM-PR and the Bryant demonstrated strong test-retest reliability. The reliability of the GEM-VO and the GEM-SR were assessed using a convenience sample of 20 children aged 5 to 12. These measures involve the assessment of children's facial and verbal responses to emotionally evocative videotape vignettes. Children were unobtrusively videotaped while they watched the vignettes and their facial expressions were coded. Children were then interviewed to determine the emotions they attributed to stimulus persons and to themselves whilst viewing the material. Adequate to strong test-retest reliability was found for both measures. Using 30% from the larger sample of 211 participants (N=60), the GEM-VO also demonstrated robust inter-rater reliability. This multimethod approach to assessing child affective empathy produced differing age and gender trends. Facial affect as reported by the GEM-VO decreased with age. Similarly, the matching of child facial emotion to the vignette protagonist's facial emotion was higher in the younger grades. These findings suggest that measures that assess the matching of facial affect (i.e., GEM-VO) may be more appropriate for younger age groups who have not yet learnt to conceal their facial expression of emotion. Data from the GEM-SR suggests that older children are more verbally expressive of negative emotions then younger children, with older girls found to be the most verbally expressive of feeling the same emotion as the vignette character; a role more complimentary of the female gender socialization pressures. These findings are also indicative of the increase in emotional vocabulary and self-awareness in older children, supporting the validity of child self-report measures (based on observational stimuli) with older children. In comparing data from the GEM-VO and GEM-SR, this study found that for negative emotions the consistency between facial emotions coded and emotions verbally reported increased with age. This consistency across gender and amongst the older age groups provides encouraging concurrent validity, suggesting the results of one measure could be inferred through the exclusive use of the alternate measurement approach. In contrast, affective empathy as measured by the two measures; the accurate matching of the participant and vignette character's facial expression (GEM-VO), and the accurate matching of the self reported and vignette character's emotion (GEM-SR); were not found to converge. This finding is consistent with prior research and questions the assumption that facially expressed and self-appraised indexes of affective empathy are different aspects of a complex unified process. When evaluating the convergence of all four measures of affective empathy, negative correlations were found between the Bryant and the GEM-PR, these two measures were also found to not converge with the GEM-VO and GEM-SR in a consistent and predictable way. These findings pose the question of whether different aspects of the complex phenomena of affective empathy are being assessed. Furthermore, the validity of the exclusive use of a child self report measure such as the Bryant, which is the standard assessment in the literature, is questioned. The possibility that callous-unemotional traits (CU; a unique subgroup identified in the child psychopathy literature) may account for the mixed findings throughout research regarding the assumption that deficiencies in empathy underlie conduct problems in children, was examined using regression analysis. Using the previous sample of 211 children aged 5-12, conduct problems (CP) were measured using the Strengths and Difficulties Questionnaire (SDQ; Goodman, 1999), and the CU subscale was used from the Antisocial Process Screening Device (APSD; Caputo, Frick, & Brodsky, 1999). Affective empathy when measured by the GEM-PR and the Bryant showed differing patterns in the relationship between affective empathy, CU traits and CP. While the GEM-Father reported that neither age, CU traits nor CP accounted for affective empathy variance, the GEM-Mother report supported that affective empathy was no longer associated with CP once CU traits had been partialled out. In contrast, the Bryant reported for girls, that CU traits were not found to have an underlying correlational relationship. It can be argued from the GEM-Mother data only that it was the unmeasured variance of CU traits that was accounting for the relationship between CP and affective empathy found in the literature. Furthermore, the comparison of an altered CU subscale with all possible empathy items removed, suggests that the constructs of CU traits and affective empathy are not synonymous or overlapping in nature, but rather are two independent constructs. This multimethod approach highlights the complexity of this research area, exemplifying the significant influence of the source of the reports, and suggesting that affective empathy consists of multiple components that are assessed to differing degrees by the different measurement approaches.
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Weber, Marlene. "Automotive emotions : a human-centred approach towards the measurement and understanding of drivers' emotions and their triggers." Thesis, Brunel University, 2018. http://bura.brunel.ac.uk/handle/2438/16647.
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The automotive industry is facing significant technological and sociological shifts, calling for an improved understanding of driver and passenger behaviours, emotions and needs, and a transformation of the traditional automotive design process. This research takes a human-centred approach to automotive research, investigating the users' emotional states during automobile driving, with the goal to develop a framework for automotive emotion research, thus enabling the integration of technological advances into the driving environment. A literature review of human emotion and emotion in an automotive context was conducted, followed by three driving studies investigating emotion through Facial-Expression Analysis (FEA): An exploratory study investigated whether emotion elicitation can be applied in driving simulators, and if FEA can detect the emotions triggered. The results allowed confidence in the applicability of emotion elicitation to a lab-based environment to trigger emotional responses, and FEA to detect those. An on-road driving study was conducted in a natural setting to investigate whether natures and frequencies of emotion events could be automatically measured. The possibility of assigning triggers to those was investigated. Overall, 730 emotion events were detected during a total driving time of 440 minutes, and event triggers were assigned to 92% of the emotion events. A similar second on-road study was conducted in a partially controlled setting on a planned road circuit. In 840 minutes, 1947 emotion events were measured, and triggers were successfully assigned to 94% of those. The differences in natures, frequencies and causes of emotions on different road types were investigated. Comparison of emotion events for different roads demonstrated substantial variances of natures, frequencies and triggers of emotions on different road types. The results showed that emotions play a significant role during automobile driving. The possibility of assigning triggers can be used to create a better understanding of causes of emotions in the automotive habitat. Both on-road studies were compared through statistical analysis to investigate influences of the different study settings. Certain conditions (e.g. driving setting, social interaction) showed significant influence on emotions during driving. This research establishes and validates a methodology for the study of emotions and their causes in the driving environment through which systems and factors causing positive and negative emotional effects can be identified. The methodology and results can be applied to design and research processes, allowing the identification of issues and opportunities in current automotive design to address challenges of future automotive design. Suggested future research includes the investigation of a wider variety of road types and situations, testing with different automobiles and the combination of multiple measurement techniques.
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Küntzler, Theresa [Verfasser]. "Emotions : Facial Expressions as a Measurement & Effects on Political Attitude / Theresa Küntzler." Konstanz : KOPS Universität Konstanz, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1237618916/34.
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Ettel, Deborah Jean. "The measurement of emotion regulation : a confirmatory analysis /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10220.
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Weidman, Aaron C. "Define, measure, repeat : an application of the iterative measurement-theory link to distinct positive emotions." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/61226.
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Social and personality psychologists strive toward theory advancement—or the derivation of truthful and applicable statements about human behavior—while often neglecting the methods that support those theoretical conclusions. In Chapter 1 of this dissertation, I discuss a two-stage process outlining how researchers’ measurement decisions are inextricably linked to the theoretical conclusions drawn from individual studies. Stage 1 involves formulating an initial definition and measurement tool for a construct, and Stage 2 involves placing this construct within a nomological network of other constructs. Stage 2 is typically followed by iteration back to Stage 1, when the construct is re-formulated based on the findings from Stage 2. In Chapters 2 and 3, I use this two-stage process as a lens through which to analyze individual constructs of humility and happiness, describing research that constitutes a second iteration through Stage 1 of the measurement-theory cycle. In Chapter 2, I propose a revised definition of humility, showing that humility consists of two dimensions (appreciative and self-abasing humility), whereas prior formulations have measured only one dimension mirroring appreciative humility. In Chapter 3, I propose a revised definition of happiness in the context of discretionary spending on experiential and material purchases, demonstrating that explicitly measuring momentary happiness portrays material things in a more favorable light than has prior work which has measured afterglow happiness. In Chapter 4, I use the two-stage process as a lens through which to analyze the field of subjectively experienced distinct positive emotions, describing research that constitutes a second iteration through Stage 1 of the measurement-theory cycle and a second foray into Stage 2. Specifically, I construct bottom-up definitions and measurement tools for each positive emotion currently studied in the literature based on lay experience, and present the interrelations among these emotions. In Chapter 5, I reflect on lessons learned by comparing a wide range of literatures through the lens of the measurement-theory cycle, and I outline an agenda for the field of distinct positive emotions, which would build on the work presented in Chapter 4 and progress toward the ultimate goal of constructing a universal taxonomy of basic positive emotions.Arts, Faculty of
Psychology, Department of
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Wang, Wan-Chen. "Towards a deeper understanding of human emotions in marketing communication : the‘Slogan Validator’and self-reported measurement contrasted." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 2010. http://theses.gla.ac.uk/1899/.
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Advertising has long been regarded as providing reasons for consumers to buy. However, in academic research, the significant role of emotion has generally been neglected. Neuroscience research has made considerable advances in the study of emotion and has resulted in a reconsideration of the rational view of decision-making behaviour. In addition, a review of the marketing literature reveals that there is a missing link between repetitive emotions, mixed emotions, continuous measures of emotions and the dominant emotion. This thesis provides this link and proposes a new theoretical research construct: the consumer’s emotional corridor Self-reported measurements have been widely used to measure consumers’ emotional responses to advertising stimuli or consumption-related experiences and have been a consistently popular method for practitioners and researchers. There is, however, a problem known as “cognitive bias” which often arises from self-reported measurements. Several researchers have highlighted the demand for the measurement of emotion to go beyond self-reported measurements and have called for collaboration with other research fields to advance consumer behaviour research in the study of emotion. This research collaborates with researchers in the field of human-computer interaction and suggests an alternative method: the Slogan Validator. This research adopts a multi-strategy approach in combining qualitative research (semi-structured interviews) and quantitative research (survey and experiment). The purpose of the first stage of the research is to assist in defining criteria of cognitive appraisals that consumers use for advertising slogans and on validating the research model. The second stage involves conducting a survey research, which is called study one in this thesis. The main purpose of study one is to test the proposed research model. The third stage of the research methodology involves the Slogan Validator and self-reported measurements (which is called study two in this research). The main purpose of study two is to compare the results of self-reported measurements and the Slogan Validator in measuring emotions. For study one, this research notes that there exist some differences in the types of determinants and their levels of influence on the attitude towards the advertisement, the attitude towards the brand and the purchase intention across four slogan cases. Nonetheless, the cognitive appraisal-outcome of desirability appears to be significant in all fourteen out of the sixteen models. In general, this factor plays the critical role in the advertising effectiveness. Moreover, the results of study one reveal that affective-related factors play the significant role in the advertising process in both the low and high involvement groups. For study two, the findings show that the results of the self-reported questionnaires and the Slogan Validator are almost completely different, except for the ‘happy’ emotion in the cases of McDonald’s and Kentucky. Implications, limitations and further research are discussed. The major contributions of this research are twofold. In terms of theoretical perspective, this research models consumers’ emotional responses to advertising slogans integrated with the new theoretical research construct, the consumer’s emotional corridor, and uncovers the determinants of advertising effectiveness from the consumers’ emotional responses to the advertising slogan standpoint. In terms of methodological perspective, this research initiates the employment of a novel method, namely, the Slogan Validator, which is the voice recognition study, in advertising literature.
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Christian, Carolyn Akers. "Measurement of emotional expressiveness in preschool children comparing direct assessments of affect expressiveness with measures of social competence /." Auburn, Ala., 2007. http://repo.lib.auburn.edu/2007%20Spring%20Theses/AKERS_CAROLYN_46.pdf.
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Rantanen, A. (Antti). "Development of methodology for assessing counseling interactions:developing the Counselor Response Observation System and assessing applicability of heart rate variability to the measurement of client emotions during verbal reporting." Doctoral thesis, Oulun yliopisto, 2014. http://urn.fi/urn:isbn:9789526206806.
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Abstract The general purpose of this study was to develop methodology for assessing counseling interactions. The first main objective of the research was to develop measures for assessing counselors’ responses and client-centeredness (Study I). Specific aims connected to the first objective were to assess the content validity and inter-rater reliability of the Counselor Response Coding System (CRCS) and the content validity, construct validity and inter-rater agreement of the Skilled Verbal Responding Scale (SVRS), which are measures included in the Counselor Response Observation System (CROS). The second main objective was to assess the applicability of heart-rate variability (HRV) to the measurement of emotions during clients’ verbal reports of unpleasant experiences (Studies II and III). The setting was analog with client-centered counseling aims in that the subjects produced verbal reports of their unpleasant experiences. Specific aims connected to the second objective were to examine the differences in subjects’ emotions between viewing and reporting unpleasant experiences and to examine the differences in their emotions between reporting pleasant and unpleasant experiences by measuring HRV. The results supported the content validity and inter-rater agreement of the CRCS and the content validity, construct validity, and inter-rater reliability of the SVRS. Overall, the results from the CROS testing can be considered a good starting point toward its further validation. The results from the HRV experiments were consistent with earlier findings and indicated that the subjects’ sympathetic activity was lower and that their parasympathetic activity higher when they reported unpleasant pictures than it was when they viewed them. This dynamic was not observed with the pleasant pictures. The results suggest that HRV and emotions during reporting should be interpreted in relation to the initial experiences and emotions in the viewing phaseTiivistelmä Tutkimuksen yleinen tavoite oli ohjausvuorovaikutuksen arviointimenetelmien kehittäminen. Tutkimuksen ensimmäinen päämäärä oli kehittää ohjaajan responsseja ja ohjaustoiminnan asiakaskeskeisyyttä arvioivia mittareita (Osajulkaisu I). Tarkempina ensimmäiseen päämäärän kytkeytyvinä tavoitteina oli arvioida Ohjausresponssien mittausjärjestelmään (CROS) sisältyvien Ohjausresponssien koodaussysteemin (CRCS) sisällön validiteettia ja interarvioitsijareliabiliteettia sekä Taitavan verbaalisen toiminnan skaalan (SVRS) sisällön validiteettia, rakennevaliditeettia ja interarvioitsijareliabiliteettia. Toisena päämääränä oli arvioida sykevariaatiomittauksen (HRV) soveltuvuutta asiakkaan emootioiden arviointiin puheen aikana (Osajulkaisut II ja III). Asetelma tässä oli analoginen asiakaskeskeisen ohjauksen tavoitteiden kanssa ja HRV -kokeissa koehenkilöt tuottivat verbaalisia kuvauksia emotionaalisesta kokemuksesta. Toiseen päämäärään kytkeytyvät tarkemmat tavoitteet olivat tarkastella eroja koehenkilöiden emotionaalisessa aktiviteetissa epämiellyttävien kuvastimulien katselun ja raportoinnin välillä sekä eroja miellyttävien ja epämiellyttävien kuvastimulien raportoinnin välillä HRV mittauksen avulla. Tulokset tukivat CRCS:n sisällön validiteettia ja interarvioitsija -reliabiliteettia sekä SVRS:n sisällön validiteettia, rakennevaliditeettia sekä interarvioitsija -reliabiliteettia. Kokonaisuudessaan CROS -arvioinnin tulokset ovat hyvä lähtökohta sen kehitystyössä. HRV -kokeiden tulokset olivat yhdenmukaisia aiempien löydösten kanssa ja indikoivat, että koehenkilöiden sympaattinen aktiviteetti oli matalampaa ja parasympaattinen korkeampaa, kun he raportoivat epämiellyttäviä stimuleita verrattuna stimulien katseluun. Tätä dynamiikka ei havaittu miellyttävien stimuleiden kohdalla. HRV -kokeiden tulokset indikoivat, että HRV ja emootiot tulisi tulkita suhteessa alkuperäiseen kokemuksen valenssiin, mikä on raportoinnin kohteena
Books on the topic "Emotions – Measurement"
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Robert, Plutchik, and Kellerman Henry, eds. The Measurement of emotions. San Diego, CA: Academic Press, 1989.
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Ambra, Gilles d'. Measure your EQ factor: Discover and develop your emotional potential. London: Foulsham, 2000.
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Simmons, Steve. EQ: Cómo medir la inteligencia emocional : primera guía que le enseña a aplicar sus principios en la empresa y en su vida privada. Madrid: EDAF, 1998.
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Simmons, Steve. Measuring emotional intelligence: The groundbreaking guide to applying the principles of emotional intelligence. Arlington, Tex: Summit Pub. Group, 1997.
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Westerink, Joyce. Sensing Emotions: The impact of context on experience measurements. Dordrecht: Springer Science+Business Media B.V., 2011.
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1966-, Bolls Paul David, ed. Psychophysiological measurement and meaning: Cognitive and emotional processing of media. New York: Routledge, 2012.
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D, Bricker Diane, and Twombly Elizabeth, eds. Ages & stages questionnaires, social-emotional (ASQ:SE-2TM)): A parent-completed child monitoring system for social-emotional behaviors. Baltimore, Maryland: Brookes Publishing, 2015.
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Eldridge, Deanna. Social and emotional wellbeing: Development of a children's headline indicator : information paper. Canberra: Australian Institute of Health and Welfare, 2012.
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Legree, Peter J. Applying consensus based measurement to the assessment of emerging domains. [Arlington, Va.]: U.S. Army Research Institute for the Behavioral and Social Sciences, 2005.
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Grandin, Temple, ed. Improving animal welfare: a practical approach. 3rd ed. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789245219.0000.
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Abstract The third edition of this book contains a total of 20 chapters (including 3 new chapters), including the implementation of an effective animal welfare programme; the importance of measurement to improve the welfare of livestock, poultry and fish; the social and ethical importance of agricultural animal welfare; the implementation of effective animal-based measurements for assessing animal welfare on farms and slaughter plants; how to improve livestock handling and reduce stress; painful husbandry procedures in livestock and poultry; the importance of good stockmanship and its benefits to animals; in-farm considerations of animal behaviour and emotions; improving livestock, poultry and fish welfare in slaughter plants with auditing programmes and animal-based measures; recommended on-farm euthanasia practices; welfare during transport of livestock and poultry; animal well-being on organic farms; a practical approach on sustainability for supply chain managers of meat, dairy and other animal proteins; the effect of economic factors on the welfare of livestock and poultry; practical approaches for changing and improving animal care and welfare; successful technology transfer of behavioural and animal welfare research to the farm and slaughter plant; technological innovations for individualized animal care and welfare; technology designed to enhance poultry welfare; precision livestock farming and technology in swine welfare and practical methods for improving the welfare of horses, donkeys and mules. There is also a list of videos that will allow students to see different types of farms and technology for raising broiler chickens, cattle, laying hens and pigs. This book provides practical information which will enable veterinarians, managers, animal scientists and policy makers to improve welfare. It will be especially useful for training animal welfare specialists.
Book chapters on the topic "Emotions – Measurement"
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Larsen, Randy J., and Zvjezdana Prizmic-Larsen. "Measuring Emotions: Implications of a Multimethod Perspective." In Handbook of multimethod measurement in psychology., 337–51. Washington: American Psychological Association, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/11383-023.
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Fox, Elaine. "The Nature and Measurement of Emotions, Moods and Feelings." In Emotion Science, 23–52. London: Macmillan Education UK, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-137-07946-6_2.
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Zheng, Xia, Annie Lang, and David R. Ewoldsen. "The measurement of positive and negative affect in media research." In Routledge International Handbook of Emotions and Media, 48–66. 2nd ed. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429465758-4.
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Ogarkova, Anna. "Translatability of Emotions." In Emotion Measurement, 575–99. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100508-8.00023-0.
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Norman, Greg J., Elizabeth Necka, Kelly Faig, and Gary G. Berntson. "Emotions and psychophysiology." In Emotion Measurement, 111–32. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821124-3.00004-1.
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Norman, Greg J., Elizabeth Necka, and Gary G. Berntson. "The Psychophysiology of Emotions." In Emotion Measurement, 83–98. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100508-8.00004-7.
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Kramer, Ueli. "Emotions in Clinical Practice." In Emotion Measurement, 361–76. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100508-8.00014-x.
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Edwards, John S. A., Heather J. Hartwell, and Agnes Giboreau. "Emotions Studied in Context." In Emotion Measurement, 377–403. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100508-8.00015-1.
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King, Silvia C. "Emotions Elicited by Foods." In Emotion Measurement, 455–72. Elsevier, 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-100508-8.00018-7.
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Spinelli, Sara. "Emotions elicited by foods." In Emotion Measurement, 707–30. Elsevier, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-821124-3.00022-3.
Full textConference papers on the topic "Emotions – Measurement"
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Schmid, Ramona, Linn Braunmiller, Lena Hansen, Christopher Schonert, Knut Möller, and Verena Wagner-Hartl *. "Emotion recognition - Validation of a measurement environment based on psychophysiological parameters." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2022) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001065.
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Emotions are a fundamental part of our social interaction. A person for whom it is difficult or impossible to interpret emotions may face major problems in everyday life, e.g., patients with autism spectrum disorders. However, understanding emotions is not only of great importance in private social interactions but also in the working environment, e.g., for managers or collaborative work. Hence, there is a great interest in emotion research, including how emotions can be measured. For this purpose, a measuring environment was developed. The aim of the presented study was to validate this measurement environment by evoking different emotions in the participants. A multidimensional approach combining subjective and objective measurements was chosen. Participants assessed their emotional state subjectively. Additionally, psychophysiological responses (cardiovascular and electrodermal activity, electromyogram) were recorded. Results prove a successful validation of the measurement environment. Furthermore, first results of the subjective and psychophysiological data were presented.
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Iacono, Ester, Claudia Becchimanzi, and Alessia Brischetto. "Emotional design: Affective evaluation methods to assess the emotional response of 6-11 years children." In 13th International Conference on Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics (AHFE 2022). AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe1001785.
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Nowadays, the design focuses not just on the functional attributes of products but especially on emotional ones, and it investigates users' behavior from an emotional point of view.Industrial companies also discovered the economic advantages of holistically analyzing user experience and aim, beyond usability research, to improve people-product interaction. Therefore, their goal is to understand how to evaluate the emotions arising from the interaction with a product and integrate emotions into usability studies. Consequently, it is fundamental to look at Affective Evaluation Methods to enhance usability methods and make them more effective on affective responses. However, scientific literature highlights that although the understanding of emotions has progressed, measurement tools have lagged. Moreover, people generally find it difficult to report the emotions they experience. Furthermore, regarding children, evaluating the emotional impact of a product is even more complex. Therefore, applying methods and tools found in the literature (affective evaluation methods - AEM) may not be appropriate to investigate the affective response in children, according to specific variables.This research addresses the issue of children's affectivity in evaluating positive user experiences as a requirement to be considered within the design process. In addition, this research investigates theories on emotions and studies of the affective sciences and explores the contribution of design and cognitive psychology in these areas.This paper investigates strategies and evaluation tools of the Human-Centred Design (HCD), User Experience (UX), Affective Evaluation Methods (AEM) of Psychology, Affective Sciences and Cognitive Ergonomics, that allow the measurement of emotions. This study aims to:1.understanding the emotional skills of children; 2.verifying the reliability of the emotional responses expressed through the existing self-assessment tools;3.investigating effective methods to evaluate the affective response of 6-11 years children.This research describes the results of two qualitative methods for investigating emotions: (1) the survey aimed to collect data on emotions experienced by children; (2) the workshop focused on emotions conducted with children of age 6-11. The workshop included activities to analyze children’s emotional skills and their ability to recognize emotions in themselves, others, and interaction with products. Furthermore, field surveys with children and experts (direct observation, interviews, focus groups, brainstorming sessions) allowed us to evaluate the reliability of the emotional responses collected by the main tools described in the literature, e.g. tools for rational-emotional education (REBT) and Affective Evaluation Methods (AEM).The collected data revealed critical issues of current evaluation tools and identified the requirements for a new tool for children’s emotional evaluation. Specifically, it emerged that the cognitive-behavioral approaches, typical of psychology, can be powerful tools for designers to interpret and analyze the emotional responses that occurred during the interaction with a system. Together with the HCD and UX tools, these approaches can help designers improve the overall quality of the project.Furthermore, results show a lack of a theoretical framework to move from a conceptual to an empirical level to develop effective tools to measure emotions. Consequently, it is essential to introduce tools for measuring the objective and subjective aspects of the experience, as it is challenging to involve such young users in the research phases.The results of this study allowed the development and prototyping of a series of design concepts to evaluate the emotional impact and collect physiological measurements. This paper only shows the main objectives and features of the tool "Cubotto emotion kit". It is an interactive tool that provides information and allows qualitative data collection so far beyond even the measurement of emotions themselves. It could help designers understand children's preferences, such as colors and shapes that can arouse positive emotions and useful information to redesign products, services, and systems.
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Lu, Weihua, and Jean-François Petiot. "Toward an Affective Design of Products." In ASME 2012 11th Biennial Conference on Engineering Systems Design and Analysis. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/esda2012-82486.
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The measurement and understanding of user emotions elicited by product appearance are critical elements of the product development process and have been interesting design challenges for many years. This paper proposes an original emotion measurement method, called Auditory Parameter Method. It is a non-verbal technique, which uses sounds and association tests for evaluating a set of products (given by their pictures). It provides an assessment of these products according to a series of emotional dimensions. We present a methodological framework to build the links between user’s emotional responses and geometrical features of product, by using a glasses frame 3D model as application case. Analysis of Variance techniques are employed to examine how various shape factors influence users’ emotional responses to 3D model. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our protocol, we compare the proposed method with the conventional Semantic Differential using Principal Component Analysis and Generalized Procrustes Analysis. The new protocol demonstrates interesting qualities to collect the intuitive emotions of user.
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Köhler, Markus, Björn Falk, and Robert Schmitt. "Integrating User Attention for Design Evaluations in Customer-Oriented Product Development." In Applied Human Factors and Ergonomics Conference. AHFE International, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100591.
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The importance of user-oriented design enhancing Perceived Quality increases. The impact of customers’ emotions on purchasing decisions increases the interest in applying multi-sensorial measurement methods during the product development process (PDP) in order to objectify emotions. It is important that emotional information about products can be gathered and applied by the combined usage of visual impressions with different modalities for capturing and objectifying user attention and emotions. Furthermore, rules are necessary to define a sufficient level of data as well as to communicate it into product development. This paper describes a methodology based on principles of Kansei Engineering and presents selected results of the research project CONEMO. An overview is given on how to measure and to use emotion and objectified data about quality perception for decision-making during a customer-oriented product development. CONEMO aims at a standardized procedure with an easy-to-follow methodology that is based on a Quality Gate systematics which involves customers’ attention and emotional evaluation of design alternatives during early phases of PDP and contains descriptions, requirements, measurement parameters, product structure and function. Specifications were developed to transfer Eye-Tracking data into design requirements to combine both latent, objectified and explicit, conscious data during the PDP. The presented methodology intends to support product designers by evaluating product concepts and innovations.
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Pelczer, Ildiko J., Francisco Cabiedes, and Fernando Gamboa. "Emotions and Interactive Agents." In 2006 IEEE Conference on Virtual Environments, Human-Computer Interfaces and Measurement Systems. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vecims.2006.250818.
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Meyer, Michael, and Susanne Robra-Bissantz. "Smile through the Mask: Emotion Measurement for Stationary Retail." In Digital Support from Crisis to Progressive Change. University of Maribor Press, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.18690/978-961-286-485-9.15.
Full textAbstract:
The global pandemic caused by the coronavirus disease (COVID-19) changes the lives of many people all over the world. In the context of stationary retail, a strong change of customer behavior occurs as mandatory safety measures like wearing facemasks and distance regulations have come into place. The sales personnel’s ability to understand and react to customers’ emotions is critical for service interactions and the customers’ overall satisfaction. Unfortunately, facemasks make it difficult to recognize other’s emotions and may lead to misinterpretation and confusion. To address this problem, this paper proposes the design of self-assessment interfaces that offer the customer an easy way to enter their emotions. As part of a Design Science Research (DSR) project, we designed three interfaces and evaluated them over the course of a design cycle. The results indicate that it is possible to use self-assessment technology in stationary retail to measure customer emotions.
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Pelczer, Ildiko, Francisco Cabiedes, and Fernando Gamboa. "Expressions of Emotions in Virtual Agents: Empirical Evaluation." In 2007 IEEE Symposium on Virtual Environments, Human-Computer Interfaces and Measurement Systems. IEEE, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/vecims.2007.4373923.
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BUJOR, Liliana. "Parenting Style of Emotions Socialization. Theoretic Models and Measurement Instruments." In 15th Edition of the International Conference on Sciences of Education, Studies and Current Trends in Science of Education, ICSED 2017, 9-10 June 2017, Suceava (Romania). LUMEN Publishing House, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18662/lumproc.icsed2017.8.
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Wasowicz, Grazyna, Magdalena Poraj_Weder, Tessy Boedt, and Christophe Matthys. "EMOTIONS RELATED TO THE PROCESS OF EATING BEHAVIOUR CHANGE. THE MEASUREMENT SCALE." In 43rd International Academic Conference, Lisbon. International Institute of Social and Economic Sciences, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.20472/iac.2018.043.052.
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Birkle, Jonas, Ruben Weber, Knut Möller, and Verena Wagner-Hartl *. "Psychophysiological Parameters for Emotion recognition – Conception and first evaluation of a measurement environment." In Intelligent Human Systems Integration (IHSI 2022) Integrating People and Intelligent Systems. AHFE International, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.54941/ahfe100958.
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The recognition of emotions is an essential basis of human social interaction. This is relevant at all levels of human interaction. However, the ability varies greatly among people. For this reason, the measurement of emotions is of great interest for a wide variety of applications. Furthermore, it is also an interesting topic in the current COVID-19 pandemic-situation with its restrictions regarding personal contacts. The presented paper focuses on a concept and first evaluation of a measurement environment. A multidimensional approach was chosen for the developed concept. The studied psychophysiological measures were: cardiovascular (ECG) and electrodermal activity (EDA) as well as the forearm and neck electromyography (EMG). In addition, the facial expression was recorded via camera. The results of a first evaluation show, that the combination of the different measures was successful and promising for the use in further research.
Reports on the topic "Emotions – Measurement"
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Balali, Vahid, Arash Tavakoli, and Arsalan Heydarian. A Multimodal Approach for Monitoring Driving Behavior and Emotions. Mineta Transportation Institute, July 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.31979/mti.2020.1928.
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Studies have indicated that emotions can significantly be influenced by environmental factors; these factors can also significantly influence drivers’ emotional state and, accordingly, their driving behavior. Furthermore, as the demand for autonomous vehicles is expected to significantly increase within the next decade, a proper understanding of drivers’/passengers’ emotions, behavior, and preferences will be needed in order to create an acceptable level of trust with humans. This paper proposes a novel semi-automated approach for understanding the effect of environmental factors on drivers’ emotions and behavioral changes through a naturalistic driving study. This setup includes a frontal road and facial camera, a smart watch for tracking physiological measurements, and a Controller Area Network (CAN) serial data logger. The results suggest that the driver’s affect is highly influenced by the type of road and the weather conditions, which have the potential to change driving behaviors. For instance, when the research defines emotional metrics as valence and engagement, results reveal there exist significant differences between human emotion in different weather conditions and road types. Participants’ engagement was higher in rainy and clear weather compared to cloudy weather. More-over, engagement was higher on city streets and highways compared to one-lane roads and two-lane highways.
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Enlow, Michelle Bosquet, Richard J. Chung, Melissa A. Parisi, Sharon K. Sagiv, Margaret A. Sheridan, Annemarie Stroustrup, Rosalind J. Wright, et al. Standard Measurement Protocols for Pediatric Development Research in the PhenX Toolkit. RTI Press, September 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2022.mr.0049.2209.
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A challenge in conducting pediatric research is selecting reliable, valid measurement protocols, across a range of domains, that are appropriate for the developmental level of the study population. The purpose of this report is to introduce the research community to the Pediatric Development Research Domain of the National Institutes of Health (NIH)–supported PhenX Toolkit (consensus measures for Phenotypes and eXposures). The PhenX Toolkit provides a catalog of recommended measurement protocols to address a wide range of research topics that are suitable for inclusion in a variety of study designs. In 2018, the Pediatric Development Working Group of experts identified 18 well-established protocols of pediatric development for inclusion in the Toolkit to complement existing protocols. Collectively, the protocols assess parenting, child care attendance and quality, peer relationships, home environment, neonatal abstinence, emotional and behavioral functioning, and other factors that influence child development. The Toolkit provides detailed data collection protocols, data dictionaries, and worksheets to help investigators incorporate these protocols into their study designs. Using standard protocols in studies with pediatric participants will support consistent data collection, improve data quality, and facilitate cross-study analyses to ultimately improve child health.
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Rebelo, André, João R. Pereira, Paulo Cunha, Manuel J. Coelho-e-Silva, Lauren B. Sherar, and João Valente-dos-Santos. Training Load, Neuromuscular Fatigue and Well-Being in Volleyball: A Systematic Review. INPLASY - International Platform of Registered Systematic Review and Meta-analysis Protocols, July 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.37766/inplasy2022.7.0059.
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Review question / Objective: This systematic review aims to compile and order all the training load measures, all fatigue assessments, and all well-being questionnaires used in volleyball training/match monitoring, systematizing them. Condition being studied: Training load: cumulative amount of stress placed on an individual from multiple sessions and games over a period of time. Neuromuscular fatigue: A response that is less than the expected or anticipated contractile response, for a given stimulation. Well-being: A continuous, active process, which is geared towards balancing one’s physical, emotional, social, intellectual and spiritual wellness in order to enhance one’s life quality.5 In sport science the subjective measurement of the response to training and competition are used through the athlete self-report measures (ASRMs). In practice, these often comprise brief, single-item checklists derived from validated questionnaires that are intended to be completed daily.
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Punjabi, Maitri, Julianne Norman, Lauren Edwards, and Peter Muyingo. Using ACASI to Measure Gender-Based Violence in Ugandan Primary Schools. RTI Press, March 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.3768/rtipress.2021.rb.0025.2104.
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School-related gender-based violence (SRGBV) remains difficult to measure because of high sensitivity and response bias. However, most SRGBV measurement relies on face-to-face (FTF) survey administration, which is susceptible to increased social desirability bias. Widely used in research on sensitive topics, Audio Computer-Assisted Self-Interview (ACASI) allows subjects to respond to pre-recorded questions on a computerized device, providing respondents with privacy and confidentiality. This brief contains the findings from a large-scale study conducted in Uganda in 2019 where primary grade 3 students were randomly selected to complete surveys using either ACASI or FTF administration. The surveys covered school climate, gender attitudes, social-emotional learning, and experiences of SRGBV. Through this study, we find that although most survey responses were comparable between ACASI and FTF groups, the reporting of experiences of sexual violence differed drastically: 43% of students in the FTF group versus 77% of students in the ACASI group reported experiencing sexual violence in the past school term. We also find that factor structures are similar for data collected with ACASI compared with data collected FTF, though there is weaker evidence for construct validity for both administration modes. We conclude that ACASI is a valuable tool in measuring sensitive sub-topics of SRGBV and should be utilized over FTF administration, although further psychometric testing of these surveys is recommended.
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McGrath, Robert E., and Alejandro Adler. Skills for life: A review of life skills and their measurability, malleability, and meaningfulness. Inter-American Development Bank, August 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.18235/0004414.
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It is widely accepted that schools and other settings catering to youth can play an essential role in offering education in life skills and character. However, there exists a broad array of potential targets for such programs, suggesting the need for guidance on which targets are most likely to result in demonstrable and valuable results. This report attempts to integrate a broad literature addressing the universe of targets for skills development programs for youth. After identifying a set of 30 candidate skills to investigate further, research literature was reviewed to evaluate each skill on three dimensions. Measurability had to do with the extent to which adequate measurement tools were available for evaluating skill level, with emphasis on those tools specifically used for younger populations and available in multiple languages, particularly in Spanish. Malleability had to do with the extent to which there is evidence that interventions have the potential to modify skill level, with emphasis on those that have been extensively evaluated through randomized controlled trials. Finally, meaningfulness had to do with the extent to which evidence exists demonstrating that the higher levels of skill can result in consequential outcomes. Based on these criteria, 10 skills were selected for further review as having the most compelling evidence to date that they are life skills that matter: Mindfulness, Empathy and compassion, Self-efficacy/ Self-determination, Problem solving, Critical thinking, Goal orientation and goal completion, Resilience/Stress resistance, Self-awareness, Purposefulness, and Self-regulation/Self-control/Emotion regulation. The evidence for each is summarized. We finish with a review of key issues to consider in the design, implementation, and evaluation of life skills that matter.