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1
Leo, Jonathan. "The SSRI Trials in Children: Disturbing Implications for Academic Medicine." Ethical Human Psychology and Psychiatry 8, no. 1 (March 2006): 29–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/ehpp.8.1.29.
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The recent announcement by the Food and Drug Administration (FDA) requiring pharmaceutical companies to warn patients about the increased likelihood of suicidal thoughts when taking antidepressants was largely due to the recent availability of data that had gone unreported in the original research reports. The current article is a summary of the comparison between the published literature and the recently released data available on the FDA web site, with a focus on Prozac, Paxil, and Zoloft. The discrepancies between the two versions suggest that the scientific community was not given enough information in the published medical literature to make adequately informed decisions about the optimal method for treating emotionally distressed children. There are many voices that want to blame the FDA for its role in the widespread use of these medications. The current article focuses on the role that academic medicine, played in the process whereby these medications became so widely accepted.
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Dowdney, Linda. "Introduction." Child Psychology and Psychiatry Review 3, no. 1 (February 1998): 2–3. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1360641797001354.
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The concept of dyslexia can be confusing to clinicians who encounter children with severe reading difficulties within their day-to-day practice, given the problems of definition. Usually, such reading difficulties are accompanied by emotional and/or behavioural adjustment problems, or more widespread problems at school, hence the child's referral into child mental health services. Understanding the nature of the reading difficulty offers the prospect of prioritising treatment alternatives. For instance, if a child has a specific reading difficulty that has resulted in much teasing at school, and high levels of parental disapproval, he/she may then manifest symptoms of anxiety that will in turn further hamper the acquisition of reading skills. Remedial teaching, albeit accompanied by work with parents to foster an understanding of their child's difficulties, becomes an urgent priority. Alternatively, it is possible to envisage a situation in which an emotionally abused child is too distressed to acquire reading skills commensurate with their cognitive potential. With the latter child, the underlying causes of their presenting reading difficulty are emotional in origin rather than reflecting a core difficulty or abnormality in their cognitive processing. Although remedial reading may well be necessary at some stage, the clinician should first concentrate on alleviating the abuse. These are, of course, extreme examples and children rarely present in such a clear-cut way. Nonetheless, it is important for the clinician to know whether there is a group of children with meaningfully divergent reading difficulties, such that they can be characterised as having a specific reading retardation. If there are such children, how would they be identified and distinguished from those readers regarded simply as generally poor readers; what is the prognosis for such children; and what remediation would be appropriate and helpful?
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Kronick, Rachel, Janet Cleveland, and Cécile Rousseau. "“Do you want to help or go to war?”: Ethical challenges of critical research in immigration detention in Canada." Journal of Social and Political Psychology 6, no. 2 (December 21, 2018): 644–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.5964/jspp.v6i2.926.
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In a time of mass displacement, countries across the globe are seeking to protect borders through coercive methods of deterrence such as immigration detention. In Canada, migrants—including children—may be detained in penal facilities having neither been charged nor convicted of crimes. In this paper we examine how we dealt with the series of ethical dilemmas that emerged while doing research in immigration detention centres in Canada. Using a critical ethnographic approach, we examine the process of our research in the field, seeking to understand what our emotional responses and those of the staff could tell us about detention itself, but also about what is at stake when researchers are faced with the suffering of participants in these spaces of confinement. The findings suggest that field work in immigration detention centres is an emotionally demanding process and that there were several pivotal moments in which our sense of moral and clinical obligations toward distressed detainees, especially children, were in conflict with our role as researchers. We also grapple with how the disciplinary gaze of the detention centre affects researchers entering the space. Given these tensions, we argue, spaces of critical reflection that can consider and contain the strongly evoked emotions are crucial, both for researchers, and perhaps more challengingly, for detention centre employees and gatekeepers as well.
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Whitney, Robin L., Janice Bell, Sarah C. Reed, Emma Blackmon, Katherine K. Kim, and Jill G. Joseph. "Parenting experiences of cancer survivors with young children in the 2012 LIVESTRONG Survey for People Affected by Cancer." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2016): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.189.
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189 Background: When a parent is diagnosed with cancer, family functioning may be disrupted, placing children at risk. Little is known, however, about the parenting experiences of cancer survivors. Methods: Among cancer survivors with children age ≤ 20 years at diagnosis (n = 2,375) in the 2012 LIVESTRONG Survey for People Affected by Cancer, we used logistic regression to model the odds that 1) children were not fully emotionally supported or that 2) cancer affected survivors’ ability to provide care for their children. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were calculated. Predictors included age of youngest child at diagnosis ( ≤ 10 years versus 11-20 years), survivor report of high distress, and confidence obtaining emotional support. Models also controlled for important sociodemographic covariates. Results: Among survivors, 50% reported that their children were not fully emotionally supported, and 58% reported that cancer affected their ability to provide care for their children. Significant predictors of children not being fully emotionally supported included: government insurance (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.0-2.1); annual income ≤ $60,000 (OR 1.6; 95% CI 1.3-2.1); being retired (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.2-2.4); or female (OR 1.4; 95% CI 1.1-1.7). Significant predictors of cancer interfering with the ability to provide care for children included: female sex (OR 2.2; 95% CI 1.8-2.7), survivor report of high distress (OR 1.6, 95% CI 1.4-2.0), having a child ≤ 10 years (OR 2.5; 95% CI 2.0-3.2), or a child who was not fully emotionally supported (OR 1.5; 95% CI 1.3-1.9). Survivors with confidence in their ability to obtain emotional support were less likely to report that cancer interfered with their ability to provide care (OR 0.8; 95% CI 0.6-0.9). Conclusions: Many cancer survivors with young children at diagnosis report that cancer or its treatment affects their ability to provide care, or that their children are not fully emotionally supported. Increased attention to the psychosocial needs of parenting cancer survivors is warranted, particularly among women, those with public insurance, lower incomes, children ≤ 10 years and survivors who report high distress levels or inadequate emotional support.
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Padrnos, Leslie Jane, Heidi Kosiorek, James L. Slack, and Nandita Khera. "Understanding patient distress on day +100 of allogeneic stem cell transplant." Journal of Clinical Oncology 34, no. 3_suppl (January 20, 2016): 204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2016.34.3_suppl.204.
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204 Background: Allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) is a medically complicated treatment modality used for various hematologic malignancies. Patterns and predictors of distress in post- transplant setting in a contemporary cohort of patients are not well-understood. Methods: 67 patients transplanted between 12/5/12- 4/21/15 completed National Comprehensive Cancer Network Distress Thermometer as part of their long term follow up clinic evaluation on day+100 after HCT. Demographic, socioeconomic and clinical outcome data were analyzed. A score ≥ 4 was considered distressed. Results: Mean age of patients was 50.8 years (range 20-72). Most patients were married or living with their significant other (83%), half were college graduates (58%), and half were employed full time (50%). 21 patients (31%) reported a distress score ≥ 4. Distressed patients reported increased problems with treatment decisions (15% vs 2%, p<0.05) and ability to have children (16% vs 0%, p<0.05). Physically, distressed patients were more likely to report fatigue (85% vs 44%, p <0.05), pain (60% vs 24%, p<0.05) and difficulty getting around (25% vs 7% p<0.05) Distressed patients were likely to report at least 1 emotional problem (N=16, 76%), and nearly a quarter reported ≥ 4 emotional problems (N=5, 24%). Specifically, sadness (25% vs 7%, p<0.05) and worry (64% vs 26%, p <0.01) were more common in distressed patients. Distressed patients had a longer length of hospitalization for transplant (30.8 days vs 24.9 p<0.001) and more hospitalized days during the first 100 days (34.9 vs 28.7 p<0.01). Conclusions: Approximately 30% of allogeneic HCT patients suffer significant distress at Day100 post-transplant. Distressed patients report problems with a variety of factors, including emotional, physical, family and practical issues that may impact function, compliance and quality of life. Higher number of hospitalized days is associated with increased distress and could be used to identify patients who may benefit from stress monitoring. Periodic screening of distress in HCT patients can help identify interventions to help improve patient reported outcomes.
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Eisenberg, Nancy, Richard A. Fabes, Ivanna K. Guthrie, Bridget C. Murphy, Pat Maszk, Robin Holmgren, and Karen Suh. "The relations of regulation and emotionality to problem behavior in elementary school children." Development and Psychopathology 8, no. 1 (1996): 141–62. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457940000701x.
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AbstractThe relations of regulation and emotionality to elementary school children's problem behavior was examined. Parents and teachers reported on children's problem behavior. One parent and teachers rated children on various measures of regulation (including resiliency) and emotionality; children's baseline heart rate and facial reactivity were assessed; and physiological and facial distress and gaze aversion while viewing a distress film sequence were measured. In general, low regulation, negative emotionality, and general and positive emotional intensity predicted problem behaviors. Teachers' reports of negative emotionality and regulation interacted in their relation to problem behaviors, with regulation apparently buffering the effects of moderate and high negative emotionality. Baseline heart rate and facial distress were related to low levels of problem behavior, and gaze aversion during the distress film segment was associated with low levels of problem behavior.
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Dix, Theodore, and Ni Yan. "Mothers' depressive symptoms and infant negative emotionality in the prediction of child adjustment at age 3: Testing the maternal reactivity and child vulnerability hypotheses." Development and Psychopathology 26, no. 1 (November 27, 2013): 111–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579413000898.
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AbstractThis study examined individual differences in how mothers' depressive symptoms affect children's early adjustment. It tested whether problematic development among children high in negative emotionality is accentuated by (a) maternal reactivity, the negative reactivity of mothers with depressive symptoms to difficult child characteristics; and (b) child vulnerability, the susceptibility of negatively emotional children to the negative parenting of mothers with depressive symptoms. Based on 1,364 participants from the NICHD Study of Early Child Care, results showed that mothers' depressive symptoms predicted greater risk for adjustment problems at age 3 among children who as infants were high rather than low in negative emotionality. Increased risk was evident for behavior problems, low responsiveness, high separation distress, and low social competence. Mediational tests suggested that increased risk reflected maternal reactivity: the stronger mothers' depressive symptoms, the more they responded with negative parenting to children high in negative emotionality. The proposal that child vulnerability mediates the greater impact of mothers' depressive symptoms on negatively emotional children was verified only for separation distress. The results support the proposal that, when mothers are high in depressive symptoms, aversive characteristics of children and their behavior increasingly influence early adjustment and do so because they elicit negative parent behavior.
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Kuo, Chris, Paul Kent, and Jeff Ording. "The forgotten children." Journal of Clinical Oncology 35, no. 5_suppl (February 10, 2017): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2017.35.5_suppl.188.
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188 Background: The “forgotten children” of pediatric cancer are the siblings. There is a dearth of literature published on the effects of cancer on the siblings’ psychosocial state. Despite significant improvements made in the survival of pediatric cancer patients, the psychosocial health of the siblings remains the same. We hope to shed light on siblings, as well as recognize the emotional and psychological toll they endure as the “forgotten children.” Methods: Selective, narrative review of psychosocial consequences of being the siblings of children with cancer was performed from January 1980 through October 2016 using key words: pediatrics, oncology, psychosocial care, siblings, forgotten children, psycho-oncology, bereavement, caregivers. Results: Compared with siblings of children with other chronic illnesses, siblings of children with cancer endure more emotional distress and adaptive difficulties. From the moment the diagnosis is given, until their sibling’s death, siblings of children with cancer are unmoored. Throughout the cancer trajectory, they are isolated from support systems both inside and outside the family. They experience a wide spectrum of emotional turmoil from intrusive thoughts (anger, unworthiness, jealously, fear, loneliness or guilt), to post-traumatic growth (appreciation of life, desire to pay back society, greater self-knowledge). Since 1990s, various qualitative and quantitative studies have been published for siblings of children with cancer, but little has changed since these reports. Siblings continue to be the “forgotten children” in the family and their needs remain unmet. Siblings endure various distresses throughout the different stages of cancer trajectory. The complexity of the roots of their distress requires meticulous attention to dissect and unravel. Conclusions: Research on the psychosocial well-being for siblings of children with cancer remains limited. Consistencies with screening and supportive interventions continue to be lacking. A standardized screening tool with early interventional services should be implemented. Additionally, interdisciplinary awareness of the siblings’ psychosocial issues should be increased in order to shed light to their invisibility. The goal is to remember the “forgotten children.”
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Mudaly, Neerosh. "The Rights of Pre-verbal Children involved in Video-recorded Research." International Journal of Children’s Rights 23, no. 2 (June 9, 2015): 391–404. http://dx.doi.org/10.1163/15718182-02302008.
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There is considerable research on the impact of maternal mental health issues on infants’ development. These studies emphasise the importance of early interventions to prevent the development of psychopathology later in life. In many studies infants who are involved in video-recorded studies show an observable distressed reaction. Whilst these studies have made major contributions to the field of child development, a key question that arises is: is it ethically acceptable in research with pre-verbal children for them to experience emotional distress during the research process? This article explores the ethical issues of harm and benefit from the perspective of the child. It aims further to refine discussion and understanding of children’s vulnerability and examines pre-verbal children’s ethical rights in video-recorded observation studies.
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Kopp, Claire B. "Emotional distress and control in young children." New Directions for Child and Adolescent Development 1992, no. 55 (1992): 41–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/cd.23219925505.
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Berenbaum, Joan, and Joseph Hatcher. "Emotional Distress of Mothers of Hospitalized Children." Journal of Pediatric Psychology 17, no. 3 (1992): 359–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/jpepsy/17.3.359.
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Levante, Annalisa, Serena Petrocchi, Federica Bianco, Ilaria Castelli, Costanza Colombi, Roberto Keller, Antonio Narzisi, Gabriele Masi, and Flavia Lecciso. "Psychological Impact of COVID-19 Outbreak on Families of Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder and Typically Developing Peers: An Online Survey." Brain Sciences 11, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 808. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11060808.
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Background: When COVID-19 was declared as a pandemic, many countries imposed severe lockdowns that changed families’ routines and negatively impacted on parents’ and children’s mental health. Several studies on families with children with autism spectrum disorder (ASD) revealed that lockdown increased the difficulties faced by individuals with ASD, as well as parental distress. No studies have analyzed the interplay between parental distress, children’s emotional responses, and adaptive behaviors in children with ASD considering the period of the mandatory lockdown. Furthermore, we compared families with children on the spectrum and families with typically developing (TD) children in terms of their distress, children’s emotional responses, and behavioral adaptation. Methods: In this study, 120 parents of children aged 5–10 years (53 with ASD) participated. Results: In the four tested models, children’s positive and negative emotional responses mediated the impact of parental distress on children’s playing activities. In the ASD group, parents reported that their children expressed more positive emotions, but fewer playing activities, than TD children. Families with children on the spectrum reported greater behavioral problems during the lockdown and more parental distress. Conclusions: Our findings inform the interventions designed for parents to reduce distress and to develop coping strategies to better manage the caregiver–child relationship.
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Insa, Inmaculada, José A. Alda, Marta Chamorro, Marta Espadas, and Anna Huguet. "Difference in Psychic Distress Lived by Parents With ADHD Children and Parents With Healthy Children: Focus on Gender Differences." Journal of Attention Disorders 25, no. 3 (August 2, 2018): 332–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054718790010.
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Objective: ADHD has a complex and negative influence on the family system. The aim of this study was to analyze the perception of emotional distress in a group of parents of children with ADHD. Method: A sample was recruited from the public health system ADHD Unit at Sant Joan de Déu Hospital (Barcelona). The parents of 60 children with newly diagnosed ADHD and the parents of 60 healthy children were included. Results: Higher levels of distress in families with children with ADHD were seen. The distress is present in both parents, with a higher prevalence in the mothers group. A positive correlation was found between ADHD symptoms in the children and the distress reported by parents. A three times higher rate of separations and divorce among parents of children with ADHD was seen. Conclusion: ADHD in children and adolescents increases the emotional distress reported by parents, mainly related to the severity of symptoms present in the children.
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Ayoub, Catherine C., Robin M. Deutsch, and Andronicki Maraganore. "EMOTIONAL DISTRESS IN CHILDREN OF HIGH-CONFLICT DIVORCE." Family Court Review 37, no. 3 (March 15, 2005): 297–315. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.174-1617.1999.tb01307.x.
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Wurster, Hannah E., Michelle Sarche, Caitlin Trucksess, Brad Morse, and Zeynep Biringen. "Parents’ adverse childhood experiences and parent–child emotional availability in an American Indian community: Relations with young children's social–emotional development." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 2 (March 28, 2019): 425–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s095457941900018x.
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AbstractThis study examined relations among parent adverse childhood experiences (ACEs), parent mental distress, child social–emotional functioning, and parent emotional availability (EA) among parents and children served by an Early Head Start program in an American Indian community. The majority of parents and children in the study were American Indian/Alaska Native. American Indian/Alaska Native communities experience relatively high rates of trauma, socioeconomic disparities, and mental health challenges. In this context, young children may be especially vulnerable to early life stress. Further, a strong body of literature demonstrates the long-term effects of ACEs on individuals’ mental health, as well as their child's social–emotional functioning. In this study we examined a model to test the relation of parent ACEs to children's social–emotional functioning, with an indirect effect via a latent “mental distress” variable consisting of parent depression, anxiety, and parenting-related distress. Results supported this model, suggesting that parent ACEs related to children's social–emotional problems by way of parent mental distress. However, when a categorical measure of parent EA was added as a moderator, the model only remained significant in the low EA parent group. These results provided evidence for a “buffering” effect of high parent EA on the relation between parent ACEs, parent mental distress, and children's social–emotional problems.
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Moscardino, Ughetta, Sara Scrimin, Francesca Cadei, and Gianmarco Altoè. "Mental Health among Former Child Soldiers and Never-Abducted Children in Northern Uganda." Scientific World Journal 2012 (2012): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1100/2012/367545.
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The present study aimed to evaluate posttraumatic stress symptoms, psychological distress, and emotional and behavioral problems in former Ugandan child soldiers in comparison with civilian children living in the same conflict setting. Participants included 133 former child soldiers and 101 never-abducted children in northern Uganda, who were interviewed about exposure to traumatic war-related experiences, posttraumatic stress symptoms, psychological distress, and emotional and behavioral problems. Results indicated that former child soldiers had experienced significantly more war-related traumatic events than nonabducted children, with 39.3% of girls having been forced to engage in sexual contact. Total scores on measures of PTSD symptoms, psychological distress, and emotional and behavioral problems were significantly higher among child soldiers compared to their never-abducted peers. Girls reported significantly more emotional and behavioral difficulties than boys. In never-abducted children, more mental health problems were associated with experiencing physical harm, witnessing the killings of other people, and being forced to engage in sexual contact.
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McDermott, Brett M. C., and Lyle J. Palmer. "Post-Disaster Service Provision Following Proactive Identification of Children with Emotional Distress and Depression." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 6 (December 1999): 855–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00611.x.
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Objective: Proactive, school-based psychological testing for emotional distress and depression was employed 6 months after a bushfire disaster. The service provision aim was to provide children with the greatest emotional distress the relatively limited therapeutic resources available in the post-disaster environment. Specific hypotheses were tested: that the prevalence of emotional distress and depression would be elevated 6 months post disaster; that emotional distress would be correlated with traumatic events; and that depression would be related to experiences of loss. Method: Six months after a bushfire disaster grade 4, 5, and 6 students (n = 601) participated in screening using a test battery measuring emotional distress, depressive symptoms and trait anxiety. Results: Twelve percent (n = 72) of children experienced severe emotional distress 6 months after the bushfire. Rates of depression were similar to rates in non-traumatised child community samples. Multivariate analysis suggested that emotional distress was significantly associated with trait anxiety, evacuation experience, the perception that parents may have died during the bushfire, and depressive symptoms. Depressive symptoms were associated with total distress score, trait anxiety and perception of threat to the parents. Conclusions: Substantial mental health morbidity was identified 6 months after a bushfire disaster. The usefulness of post-disaster service provision influenced by proactive screening is discussed and reasons for further research highlighted.
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Anderson, Laura C., Ayalew Tegegn, Fasil Tessema, Sandro Galea, and Craig Hadley. "Food insecurity, childhood illness and maternal emotional distress in Ethiopia." Public Health Nutrition 15, no. 4 (August 2, 2011): 648–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1368980011001340.
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AbstractObjectiveThe relationship between food insecurity, maternal emotional distress and childhood morbidity in resource-poor settings is not well clarified. The present study aimed to assess independent associations between household food insecurity and childhood morbidity and potential modifications by maternal emotional distress.DesignA cross-sectional survey. A food security scale was used to assess household food insecurity; maternal reports were used to assess recent childhood illness; and the Hopkins Symptom Checklist was used to assess symptoms of emotional distress among mothers.SettingThe Oromia Region, Ethiopia (rural area).SubjectsA total of 936 mother–child pairs.ResultsOf 936 children assessed, 22·4 % had experienced diarrhoea, 20·7 % had cough and 21·5 % had fever in the 2 weeks preceding the interview. Household food insecurity was reported by 39 % of mothers. Greater food insecurity and greater maternal emotional distress were each independently associated with higher prevalence of cough and fever. Among mothers with low emotional distress, food insecurity was associated with a 2·3 times greater odds of diarrhoea in their children.ConclusionsHousehold food insecurity may increase the risk of childhood illness in rural Ethiopia, and children having mothers with greater emotional distress may be at highest risk. These findings highlight the importance of strengthening policy initiatives aimed at reducing the high prevalence of food insecurity and emotional distress in Ethiopia.
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Donohue, Meghan Rose, Rebecca A. Williamson, and Erin C. Tully. "Emotional contexts influence toddlers’ prosocial strategies." International Journal of Behavioral Development 44, no. 6 (March 20, 2020): 551–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025420912007.
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Prosocial behavior is a highly heterogeneous construct, and young children use distinct prosocial actions in response to differing emotional needs of another person. This study examined whether toddlers’ prosocial responses differed in response to two understudied emotional contexts—whether or not children caused a victim’s distress and the specific emotion expressed by the victim. Toddlers ( N = 86; M age = 35 months) and their parent participated in two separate mishap paradigms in which parents feigned pain and sadness, respectively. Half of the sample was led to believe they had transgressed to cause their parent’s distress, whereas the other half simply witnessed parent distress as bystanders. Results indicated that toddlers were overall equally prosocial when they were transgressors compared to when they were bystanders and significantly more prosocial in response to sadness than pain. Toddlers were significantly more likely to use affection as transgressors than bystanders, information seeking as bystanders than transgressors, and affection in response to pain than sadness. All children used greater helping in response to sadness than pain, and this was especially true when they were bystanders. Findings add to mounting evidence of the complexity of prosocial action in early childhood by identifying that two, distinct emotional contexts influence the amount and type of prosocial behaviors that toddlers use to help others.
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Mazza, Cristina, Eleonora Ricci, Daniela Marchetti, Lilybeth Fontanesi, Serena Di Giandomenico, Maria Cristina Verrocchio, and Paolo Roma. "How Personality Relates to Distress in Parents during the Covid-19 Lockdown: The Mediating Role of Child’s Emotional and Behavioral Difficulties and the Moderating Effect of Living with Other People." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 17 (August 27, 2020): 6236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17176236.
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Since the initiation of the COVID-19 lockdown, Italian parents have been forced to manage their children at home. The present study aimed at investigating the psychological distress of parents during the lockdown, identifying contributing factors. An online survey was administered to 833 participants from 3 to 15 April 2020. Mediation and moderated mediation models were run to explore the association between parent neuroticism and parent distress, mediated by child hyperactivity–inattention and child emotional symptoms, and the moderating effect of living only with child(ren) on the direct and indirect effects of parent neuroticism on parent distress. For parents living only with child(ren), high levels of psychological distress depended exclusively on their levels of neuroticism. For parents living with at least one other person in addition to child(ren), distress levels were also mediated by child behavioral and emotional difficulties. Motherhood emerged as a significant factor contributing to greater distress. Furthermore, parent psychological distress decreased in line with increased child age. The results confirm that neuroticism is an important risk factor for mental health. Preventive measures should be primarily target multicomponent families with younger children and directed towards parents who are already known to present emotional instability and to parents of children who have received local mental health assistance for behavioral and/or emotional difficulties.
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Kojima, Rebekah, Hiromi Takada, Tetsuhiko Yoshida, Masaki Shimizu, Daisuke Kiuchi, Hiroto Ishiki, and Eriko Satomi. "Needs for patients with cancer who have young children." Journal of Clinical Oncology 36, no. 34_suppl (December 1, 2018): 150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1200/jco.2018.36.34_suppl.150.
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150 Background: The number of cancer patients has been increasing in Japan. It is estimated that 56,143 parents with 87,017 young children (under 18 years old) are diagnosed with cancer per year in Japan (Inoue, 2015). The aim of this study is to investigate the needs of cancer patients who have young children. Methods: The survey was conducted from February to April 2018 to the cancer patients who have young children treated at the National Cancer Center Hospital with the questionnaires. It was on items about parenting concerns evaluated with the 4-point Likert scale: 1. strongly disagree, 2. slightly disagree, 3. slightly agree, and 4. strongly agree. The items included “cancer notification to their children”, “parental anxieties”, and others. The items were analyzed separately. Results: The respondents were 152 (143 cancer patients (94%) and nine spouses (6%)). Most respondents (92%) agreed the importance of psychosocial support for the children and parents in hospital. The average age of their young children (n = 237) was 9.5 (ages 0 – 17). The result showed that 148 (62%) children were told true parents’ illness. This study also revealed that parents were struggling with the conflict telling their children truth. Most parents wanted to protect children from emotional distresses and were afraid of it or don’t know how to cope with some changes during treatments. Conclusions: The study describes how cancer impacts on parents for child rearing. Almost all of the patients with minor children had been found psychologically distressed. It is necessary to improve an effective psychosocial support system in hospitals for cancer patients with young children based on their needs.
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O’Connor, Suzy. "Assessment of emotional distress in children and young people." Mental Health Practice 14, no. 5 (February 2011): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.7748/mhp2011.02.14.5.31.c8310.
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VARNI, JAMES W., MICHAEL A. RAPOFF, STACY A. WALDRON, ROD A. GRAGG, BRAM H. BERNSTEIN, and CAROL B. LINDSLEY. "Chronic Pain and Emotional Distress in Children and Adolescents." Journal of Developmental & Behavioral Pediatrics 17, no. 3 (June 1996): 154???161. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00004703-199606000-00003.
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Vega, Leticia, Rafael Gutiérrez, Patricia Fuentes de Iturbe, and Eva Ma Rodríguez. "Emotional distress and its care in empowered indigenous women exposed to domestic violence and the demands of child rearing." Salud mental 44, no. 2 (April 9, 2021): 65–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.17711/sm.0185-3325.2021.010.
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Introduction. Indigenous girls and women in Mexico suffer emotional distress due to marital violence and adherence to gender roles. They are unlikely to denounce violence or treat their health in a timely manner. Women can cope with their distress by participating in empowerment processes. Objective. Describe in indigenous empowered women the emotional distress caused by domestic violence in their childhood and the current demands of raising their children and the actions they take to cope with them. Method. Qualitative and phenomenological qualitative research, in-depth interviews, and participant observation were conducted with nine migrant indigenous women to explore experiences during their upbringing, emotional reactions, and current mental health problems. Results. The software Atlas. ti V 7 was used to undertake a theoretical categorization of the data. Findings included exposure to violence, the influence of a good mother, and past and present emotional distress overcome through empowerment and professional care. Discussion and conclusion. Participating in urban empowerment activities enables participants to reflect on the violence experienced and the attendant distress, identify them as gender violence, and use them in their favor. They are strategic when coping with current distress due to the conflictive upbringing of their children, using psychological services and the urban upbringing prescriptions of children’s rights, and incorporating indigenous parenting practices, which encourage community commitment, responsibility, and early self-sufficiency in children. Empowerment is suggested as an effective means of improving the health of indigenous women in Mexico.
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Mathes, Eugene W. "Men's Desire for Children Carrying Their Genes and Sexual Jealousy: A Test of Paternity Uncertainty as an Explanation of Male Sexual Jealousy." Psychological Reports 96, no. 3 (June 2005): 791–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/pr0.96.3.791-798.
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In a classic study, Buss, Larson, Westen, and Semmelroth found that men were more distressed by the thought of a partner's sexual infidelity (labeled sexual jealousy) and women were more distressed by the thought of a partner's emotional infidelity (labeled emotional jealousy). Buss and his associates explained the results by suggesting that men are concerned about uncertainty of paternity, that is, the possibility of raising another man's child while believing that the child is their own. To test this explanation, the Desire for Children Scale was created. Its internal consistency and test-retest reliabilities were .86 and .89, respectively. Scores correlate with stated Number of Children Desired (convergent validity) but none of the Big-Five traits (divergent validity). It was hypothesized that for men scores on this scale would correlate positively with scores on sexual jealousy. The Desire for Children Scale and the two Sexual vs Emotional Jealousy items of Buss and his associates were given to 49 men and 55 women college students enrolled in psychology courses. Their average age was 19.9 yr. ( SD = 3.7), and average year in school was 2.0 ( SD= 1.2). Subjects volunteered to participate in the study in exchange for course credit. The hypothesis was confirmed and gives support to the uncertainty of paternity explanation.
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Sepúlveda, Ana Rosa, Tatiana Lacruz, Santos Solano, Miriam Blanco, Alba Moreno, Marta Rojo, Lucía Beltrán, and Montserrat Graell. "Identifying Loss of Control Eating within Childhood Obesity: The Importance of Family Environment and Child Psychological Distress." Children 7, no. 11 (November 11, 2020): 225. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/children7110225.
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This study aims to examine the differences in family environment, psychological distress, and disordered eating symptomatology between children classified by weight status with or without loss of control (LOC) eating and to test a model of the role of emotional regulation of LOC eating based on a dysfunctional family environment. A cross-sectional study was conducted among 239 families. The assessment measured family expressed emotion, family adaptability and cohesion, child levels of depression and anxiety, body esteem, and disordered eating attitudes. The assessment was carried out in primary care centers and primary schools. Child body mass index (BMI) was associated with higher expressed emotion, psychological distress, and disordered eating symptomatology. Children with obesity and LOC presented higher BMI, poorer body esteem, and more disordered eating attitudes than children without LOC. Children with overweight/obesity, both with or without LOC, exhibited higher psychological distress and emotional overinvolvement than normal-weight children. A partial mediation of depression or anxiety and disordered eating attitudes between expressed emotion and LOC was found. Findings support that children with overweight/obesity show more family and psychological distress. Body esteem issues and disordered eating attitudes could alert the presence of LOC in children with obesity. The function of LOC might be to cope with psychological distress that may appear in a dysfunctional family environment.
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Coyle, Sabrina, Kiran M. Sarma, Catherine Maguire, and Leora De Flumere. "Building a Predictive Model of Social-Emotional Adjustment: Exploring the Relationship between Parenting Self-Efficacy, Parenting Behaviour and Psychological Distress in Mothers of Young Children in Ireland." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 6 (March 11, 2021): 2861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18062861.
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The purpose of this study was to generate greater understanding of social-emotional difficulties in infants and toddlers in an Irish context. This study compared rates of reported social-emotional difficulties in young children in clinical and non-clinical samples and probed a predictive model of social-emotional adjustment. Data were collected from a cross-sectional sample of 72 mothers of young children aged between 12 and 48 months. Mothers were recruited from waiting lists for child Early Intervention services (clinical sample) and community mother-toddler groups (non-clinical sample). Mothers completed a questionnaire battery which assessed parenting self-efficacy, parenting behaviour, psychological distress and child social-emotional adjustment. The results indicated that 55.5% of young children in the clinical sample and 15% in the non-clinical sample had significant social-emotional problems. Similarly, 55.5% of young children in the clinical sample and 30% in the non-clinical sample had significant delays in the acquisition of social-emotional competencies. Two hierarchical multiple regressions were carried out with social-emotional problems and social-emotional competencies as the respective criterion variables. Clinical or non-clinical group membership, parenting satisfaction and maternal psychological distress were found to be significant predictors of child social-emotional problems in a model which explained 59% of the variance. Task-specific self-efficacy was the only significant predictor of child social-emotional competencies in a model which explained 21% of the variance. The significant rates of social-emotional problems in young children in the current study and the potential negative impact on child health and wellbeing, suggest that the early assessment of social-emotional adjustment should be incorporated into routine clinical assessment for young children. For services to effectively meet the needs of children with social-emotional difficulties and their families, consideration of maternal factors is also necessary.
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Westerink, Jan, and Leah Giarratano. "The Impact of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder on Partners and Children of Australian Vietnam Veterans." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 33, no. 6 (December 1999): 841–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.1999.00638.x.
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Objective: This study explored the emotional and physical health of a group of families of Australian Vietnam veterans suffering posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). The aim was to study the impact of PTSD upon the families of the sufferers. Method: The families of a random sample of Vietnam veterans receiving treatment at a specialist PTSD Unit were invited to participate in this study. Partners of the veterans and children over the age of 15 years were eligible to participate. Four selfreport psychometric inventories were administered assessing psychological distress, social climate within their families, self-esteem, and a range of lifestyle issues, including physical health. A control group, consisting of a sample of volunteers, was also surveyed. Results: The partners of the Vietnam veterans showed significantly higher levels of somatic symptoms, anxiety and insomnia, social dysfunction and depression than the control group. They reported significantly less cohesion and expressiveness in their families and significantly higher levels of conflict. The partners also had significantly lower levels of self-esteem. The children of the veterans reported significantly higher levels of conflict in their families. However, the children showed no significant differences on measures of psychological distress and self-esteem from their matched counterparts. Conclusions: These findings support overseas studies that indicate that the families of PTSD sufferers are also impacted by the disorder. In this study, the families of Australian Vietnam veterans experienced more conflict and their partners were significantly more psychologically distressed (i.e. somatic symptoms, anxiety, insomnia, social dysfunction, depression and low self-esteem) than a matched control group.
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Breidokienė, Rima, Roma Jusienė, Vaidotas Urbonas, Rūta Praninskienė, and Sigita Girdzijauskienė. "Sedentary Behavior among 6–14-Year-Old Children during the COVID-19 Lockdown and Its Relation to Physical and Mental Health." Healthcare 9, no. 6 (June 18, 2021): 756. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare9060756.
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As a result of the outbreak of SARS-CoV-2 and consequent restrictions in spring 2020, children in many countries might be engaged in more sedentary behavior and have limited possibilities to access the necessary level of physical activity to maintain their physical and mental health. The aim of this study was to explore the relationships between child sedentary behavior, physical activity, mental and physical health, and parental distress in a sample of Lithuanian children aged 6–14 years during the COVID-19 pandemic lockdown in March–June 2020. Parents of 306 children (52.9% female) completed an online survey in May–June 2020 and reported on their children’s screen time for educational and recreational (leisure) purposes, the level of physical activity and time outdoors, somatic symptoms, and emotional well-being and behavior. Parents also reported on stressful life events in the family and personal distress. The results revealed that 57.5% of children exceeded the recommended maximum of 2 h of recreational screen time per day, and 33.6% of the children did not meet the recommended guidelines of 60 min of physical activity per day. Longer screen time for educational purposes and parental distress significantly predicted a higher prevalence of somatic symptoms in children and parental distress also served as a significant predictor of children’s decreased emotional well-being and behavior. These results highlight the importance of psychosocial support interventions for parents who experience distress when raising children at a stressful time, such as during a pandemic.
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Kret, Mariska E., and Evy van Berlo. "Attentional Bias in Humans Toward Human and Bonobo Expressions of Emotion." Evolutionary Psychology 19, no. 3 (July 1, 2021): 147470492110328. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/14747049211032816.
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Correctly recognizing and efficiently attending to emotional situations are highly valuable skills for social species such as humans and bonobos, humans' closest living relatives. In the current study, we investigated whether humans perceive a range of emotional situations differently when these involved other humans compared to bonobos. A large group of children and adults participated in an emotion perception task and rated scenes showing either bonobos or humans in situations depicting distressed or aggressive behavior, yawning, scratching, grooming, playing, sex scenes or neutral situations. A new group of people performed a dot-probe task to assess attentional biases toward these materials. The main finding is that humans perceive emotional scenes showing people similarly as emotional scenes of bonobos, a result reflecting a shared evolutionary origin of emotional expressions. Other results show that children interpreted bonobos’ bared teeth displays as a positive signal. This signal is related to the human smile, but is frequently seen in distressed situations, as was the case in the current experiment. Children may still need to learn to use contextual cues when judging an ambiguous expression as positive or negative. Further, the sex scenes were rated very positively, especially by male participants. Even though they rated these more positively than women, their attention was captured similarly, surpassing all other emotion categories. Finally, humans’ attention was captured more by human yawns than by bonobo yawns, which may be related to the highly contagious nature of yawns, especially when shown by close others. The current research adds to earlier work showing morphological, behavioral and genetic parallels between humans and bonobos by showing that their emotional expressions have a common origin too.
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Trommsdorff, Gisela, Wolfgang Friedlmeier, and Boris Mayer. "Sympathy, distress, and prosocial behavior of preschool children in four cultures." International Journal of Behavioral Development 31, no. 3 (May 2007): 284–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0165025407076441.
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This study examined emotional responding (sympathy and distress) and prosocial behavior as well as their relations across four cultures in a specific context. Preschool children ( N = 212) from two Western cultures, Germany and Israel, and two South-East Asian cultures, Indonesia and Malaysia, participated in this study. Children's emotional reactions and prosocial behavior were observed when interacting with an adult in a quasi-experimental situation. Results showed that children from the two South-East Asian cultures, as compared to children from the two Western cultures, displayed more self-focused distress and less prosocial behavior. Across cultures, a positive relation between sympathy and prosocial behavior and a negative relation between self-focused distress and prosocial behavior were found. The strengths of these relations were moderated by culture. These results are discussed with regard to their cultural meaning in the specific experimental situation as well as to general culture-specific characteristics.
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Roberto, Aaron J., Subhash Pinnaka, Abhishek Mohan, Hiejin Yoon, and Kyle A. B. Lapidus. "Adolescent Catatonia Successfully Treated with Lorazepam and Aripiprazole." Case Reports in Psychiatry 2014 (2014): 1–4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/309517.
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Catatonia is especially concerning in children and adolescents. It leads to significant impairment, including emotional distress, difficulty communicating, and other debilitating symptoms. In this case report, we discuss a patient with no previous history of neuroleptic medication or psychotic symptoms, presenting with first-episode catatonia in the presence of disorganized, psychotic thoughts. We then review the catatonia syndrome, citing examples in the literature supporting its underdiagnosis in children and adolescents, and discuss successful treatment modalities. It is important to diagnose and treat catatonia as efficiently as possible, to limit functional and emotional distress to the patient.
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Waters, A. M., B. P. Bradley, and K. Mogg. "Biased attention to threat in paediatric anxiety disorders (generalized anxiety disorder, social phobia, specific phobia, separation anxiety disorder) as a function of ‘distress’versus‘fear’ diagnostic categorization." Psychological Medicine 44, no. 3 (April 17, 2013): 607–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291713000779.
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BackgroundStructural models of emotional disorders propose that anxiety disorders can be classified into fear and distress disorders. Sources of evidence for this distinction come from genetic, self-report and neurophysiological data from adults. The present study examined whether this distinction relates to cognitive processes, indexed by attention bias towards threat, which is thought to cause and maintain anxiety disorders.MethodDiagnostic and attention bias data were analysed from 435 children between 5 and 13 years of age; 158 had principal fear disorder (specific phobia, social phobia or separation anxiety disorder), 75 had principal distress disorder (generalized anxiety disorder, GAD) and 202 had no psychiatric disorder. Anxious children were a clinic-based treatment-seeking sample. Attention bias was assessed on a visual-probe task with angry, neutral and happy faces.ResultsCompared to healthy controls, children with principal distress disorder (GAD) showed a significant bias towards threat relative to neutral faces whereas children with principal fear disorder showed an attention bias away from threat relative to neutral faces. Overall, children displayed an attention bias towards happy faces, irrespective of diagnostic group.ConclusionsOur findings support the distinction between fear and distress disorders, and extend empirically derived structural models of emotional disorders to threat processing in childhood, when many anxiety disorders begin and predict lifetime impairment.
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Mabe, P. Alex, Frank A. Treiber, and William T. Riley. "Examining Emotional Distress During Pediatric Hospitalization for School-Aged Children." Children's Health Care 20, no. 3 (June 1991): 162–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1207/s15326888chc2003_5.
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Hepach, Robert, Amrisha Vaish, and Michael Tomasello. "Young children sympathize less in response to unjustified emotional distress." Developmental Psychology 49, no. 6 (2013): 1132–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/a0029501.
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Mcdermott, Brett M., and Lyle J. Palmer. "Postdisaster Emotional Distress, Depression and Event-Related Variables: Findings Across Child and Adolescent Developmental Stages." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 6 (December 2002): 754–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01090.x.
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Objective: Developmental approaches have not been widely used in child and adolescent posttraumatic stress disorder research, and little is known about developmental differences in response to postdisaster trauma. Our objective was to investigate postdisaster depression and emotional distress psychopathology across a broad child and adolescent developmental range. Method: Six months following a bushfire disaster, 2379 grade 4–12 school students completed an extensive self-report battery, which included the Impact of Event Scale and the Birleson Depression Inventory. Generalized linear models were constructed to model the effects of multiple covariates on continuous outcome measures of depression and emotional distress. Results: Significant independent predictors of persisting depressive symptoms were increased symptoms of emotional distress; increased symptoms of anxiety; evacuation experience; and school grade. Significant independent predictors of emotional distress were persisting depressive symptoms; perception of threat to self or to parents; evacuation experience; and school grade. Gender was not a significant predictor in either the depression or emotional distress multivariate models. Complex, non-linear relationships between depression, emotional distress and school grade were found. Conclusion: This study suggests that important developmental differences in postdisaster psychological responses exist across a broad spectrum of developmental stages in children.
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Bischof-Köhler, Doris. "Empathy and Self-Recognition in Phylogenetic and Ontogenetic Perspective." Emotion Review 4, no. 1 (January 2012): 40–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073911421377.
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Empathy means understanding another person’s emotional or intentional state by vicariously sharing this state. As opposed to emotional contagion, empathy is characterized by the self–other distinction of subjective experience. Empathy develops in the second year, as soon as symbolic representation and mental imagery set in that enable children to represent the self, to recognize their mirror image, and to identify with another person. In experiments with 126 children, mirror recognition and readiness to empathize with a distressed playmate were investigated. Almost all recognizers showed compassion and tried to help, whereas nonrecognizers were perplexed or remained indifferent. Several motivational consequences of empathy are discussed and its special quality is outlined in comparison with theory of mind and perspective taking.
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McFarlane, A. C. "The Relationship between Patterns of Family Interaction and Psychiatric Disorder in Children." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 21, no. 3 (September 1987): 383–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00048678709160935.
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This study examined the relationship between patterns of family interaction, in particular parental overprotection, and emotional and behavioural problems in children. The role children play in influencing the pattern of parental care was also investigated because increased parental protection could be a response to, rather than a cause of, emotional disorders in children. A population was examined on two occasions, 18 months apart, using Rutter's parent and teacher questionnaires. The data suggested that overprotection was particularly disruptive to children's emotional state when it was associated with irritability and distress in the parents. The converse relationship, in which emotional and behavioural problems in children had a significant influence on the degree of parental protection and pattern of interaction within the family, was also demonstrated by the use of cross-lagged correlations.
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D, Badaly, Wallace J, Lee V, Beers S, and Panigrahy A. "A-057 Deficits in Inhibitory Control Are Associated with Social and Emotional Difficulties Among Children with Congenital Heart Defects." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 35, no. 6 (August 28, 2020): 847. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acaa068.057.
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Abstract Objective Research has suggested that children with congenital heart defects (CHD) may experience socioemotional maladjustment because of their often-seen executive dysfunction. However, preliminary work has largely used behavioral ratings of executive functioning. Our study used cognitive assessments of inhibitory control, an executive function key for emotional regulation and social initiative. Method We prospectively recruited 46 6-to-16 year olds with CHD (M = 11.65 years, SD = 3.11; 74% male) and 95 healthy controls (M = 12.09 years, SD = 2.87; 54% male). Children completed face-to-face and computerized tests of inhibitory control (D-KEFS Color-Word Interference Test; NIH Toolbox Flanker Inhibitory Control and Attention Test). Children and their parents also filled out scales assessing emotional and social functioning (Pediatric Quality of Life Inventory [PedsQL]; Harter Self Perception Profile [SPP]). Results Using regression, controlled for age, children with CHD had greater parent-rated emotional distress than healthy peers (p < .001). Poorer inhibition was associated with greater distress for children with CHD but not (or less so) healthy peers (p < .05). Children across groups rated their emotional functioning similarly; a face-to-face test of inhibition (but not a computerized test) was related with greater emotional health for both groups (p < .05). Children with CHD had poorer parent-rated social functioning than healthy peers on the PedsQL (p < .005) but not the SPP; there were no significant differences for self-reports. Inhibition was associated with social skills only in select models (p < .05). Conclusions Similar to past research, families reported more maladjustment than children. Regardless, poor inhibition emerged as one potential contributor to socioemotional maladjustment among children with CHD. Interventions targeting executive dysfunction may support socioemotional development.
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Liu, Wei, Yin Ting Cheung, Tara M. Brinkman, Pia Banerjee, Deokumar Srivastava, Vikki G. Nolan, Hongmei Zhang, et al. "Parent-Reported and Self-Perceived Behavioral and Psychiatric Symptoms in Long-Term Survivors of Childhood Acute Lymphoblastic Leukemia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 3594. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.3594.3594.
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Abstract Introduction: Limited data are available on combined parent and self-reported behavioral symptoms in long-term survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) after treatment with contemporary chemotherapy only protocols. This study evaluated associations between chemotherapy exposures, parent emotional distress and reported child behavioral and psychiatric symptoms in survivors enrolled on a single institutional protocol. Methods: Survivors of childhood ALL (n=162; 49.0% male; mean [SD] age 12.1[2.6] years; time since diagnosis 7.5[1.6] years), who were at least 5 years post diagnosis and between 8-17 years of age, self-reported behavioral symptoms (Conners' Rating Scale) during a long-term follow-up visit. Parent-report of child behavioral symptoms was collected (Behavior Assessment System for Children) during the same visit. Age- and sex-adjusted standard scores were calculated for both measures, with impairment defined as a symptom level above the 90th percentile compared to normative data. Parents also completed the Diagnostic Interview for Children and Adolescents to determine whether their child met clinical criteria for psychiatric disorders. The proportion of children meeting criteria was compared to reported frequencies in the general population. Exposures to high-dose IV methotrexate, number of intrathecal therapy doses (cytarabine, methotrexate and hydrocortisone), and age at diagnosis were analyzed with multivariable Poisson regression as predictors of child behavioral symptoms and psychiatric condition. Association of Parent education level with child outcomes was examined using univariate Poisson regression model. Parent emotional distress was assessed using the Brief Symptom Inventory 18 (BSI-18), and raw scores were converted into sex specific T-scores using national normative data. T-scores ≥ 63 were considered to represent clinically significant emotional distress. Symptoms of parent posttraumatic stress (PTS) were evaluated using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R) and levels of stress were calculated for three subscales (thought intrusions, avoidance, and hyperarousal), consistent with PTS diagnostic criteria. Associations between parent- and self-reported symptoms in children with parent emotional distress and PTS were examined with Fisher's exact test. Results: Compared to the expected population frequency of 10%, significantly more survivors self-reported symptoms of inattention (27.7%), hyperactivity/impulsivity (25.8%) and oppositional behavior (20%), all p's<0.0001 (corrected for False Discovery Rate [FDR]). Parents reported their children to have more symptoms of depression (16.5%), multiple symptoms of internalizing problems (i.e. anxiety/depression; 17.1%), and attention problems (24.7%) with all p's<0.05 (FDR). Compared to a US national survey of psychiatric conditions, parents identified significantly higher frequencies of Generalized Anxiety disorder (3.2% vs. 1.1%), Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (10.3% vs. 1-3%), Simple/Social Phobias (22.3% vs. 15.8%) and Oppositional Defiant Disorder (15.9% vs. 8.3%), all p's<0.05 (FDR), but not Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (7% vs 6.5%; Table1). Risk of significant symptoms of internalizing problems increased 8% per additional intrathecal therapy injection (Table2). Parent emotional distress was significantly associated with their report of child Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder, Simple/Social Phobias, and Oppositional Defiant Disorder, all p's<0.05. Risk of behavior symptoms decreased 10-21% (p's<0.05) per each additional year of parent education. Risk of self-reported hyperactivity problems increased 2.6 times among survivors whose ALL was diagnosed less than 5 years of age (95% CI=1.2-5.4, p=0.01). Conclusion: Although most long-term child survivors of ALL appear emotionally healthy, a substantial proportion appear to exhibit significant symptoms of inattention, anxiety/depression and oppositional behavior based on child and parent report. Treatment exposures are not associated with the majority of these symptoms. However, sociodemographic factors such as parent education and parental psychological status influence these outcomes providing basis for targeting vulnerable families for intervention. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.
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Akhmetzyanova, Anna I., T. V. Artemieva, and L. V. Artischiva. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN FORECASTING AND IDENTIFICATION OF MENTAL STATES AGAINST THE BACKGROUND OF EMOTIONAL WELL-BEING AND COMMUNICATIVE SKILLS OF CHILDREN WITH HEARING DISORDERS." Moscow University Psychology Bulletin, no. 3 (2020): 314–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.11621/vsp.2020.03.14.
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Relevance. The ability of children with hearing impairments to recognize and determine their own conditions and those around them, to build adequate forecasts determines the success in socializing, in their interaction with others, both adults and peers, and in establishing relationships with them, which determines the relevance of the study. The objective of the study is to determine the specifics of the relationship between the processes of identifying mental states, predicting and criteria for the success of interaction between children and other people measured by communication skills and emotional well-being / distress. The following methods were used: “Emotional faces” (N.Y. Semago), “Ugadayka” (L.I. Peresleni and V.L. Podobed), “Methodology for determining the level of development of the communicative abilities of preschool children” (N.E. Veraksa), “Scale of emotional distress and atypical behavior” (A.M. Kazmin, N.A. Konovko, O.G. Salnikova, E.K. Tupitsina, E.V. Fedina). Sample. The study involved 15 preschoolers with hearing impairment , 100 preschoolers without hearing impairment, 16 children of primary school age with hearing impairment, and 40 - without hearing impairment. Results. It was found that the processes of predicting and identifying mental states are interrelated; the relationship is mediated by other variables (emotional well-being, communication skills), the structure of the relationship is deteriorating with age in children with and without hearing impairments. The following conclusions were drawn: the structure of prognosis for children with normotypical development and hearing impairment has a general tendency in dynamics ( secondary variables fallout) and specific signs, manifested in the level of complexity and completeness of the structure; having a common foundation (subjective experience) identification and forecasting processes are interconnected only in preschool age; with time their relationship is mediated by additional variables (emotional well-being and communication skills); children with hearing impairments have a less complex structure of the relationship between predicting and identifying mental states against emotional well-being and communication skills.
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Castro-Kemp, Susana, Olympia Palikara, Carolina Gaona, Vasiliki Eirinaki, and Michael J. Furlong. "The Role of Psychological Sense of School Membership and Postcode as Predictors of Profiles of Socio-emotional Health in Primary School Children in England." School Mental Health 12, no. 2 (November 11, 2019): 284–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s12310-019-09349-7.
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Abstract A dual approach to mental health in schools has been widely defended, where the assessment of psychological distress and the examination of strengths/well-being are two separate continua. In line with a well-being approach, school belonging has been referenced as an important indicator of mental health in children. This study explored the predictive role of school sense of belonging alongside other demographic variables (gender, main language spoken at home, and socio-economic status of postcode) on the socio-emotional health profiles of primary school children in England. Children (N = 522) were recruited from three primary schools in Greater London. A survey including measures of school belonging and socio-emotional health was administered to all children. Results showed that it is possible to identify groups of students at primary school level based on socio-emotional health ratings on gratitude, zest, optimism, and perseverance. School sense of membership, as measured by the psychological sense of school membership primary (PSSM-P), was the best predictor of group membership and, together with socio-economic status, explains 37% of the variance in socio-emotional health profiles. Belonging starts affecting well-being and socio-emotional health as early as in primary school, hence the importance of universal screening and early preventive actions to promote well-being in this age range. The study provides evidence supporting the use of the abbreviated (PSSM-P) in predicting socio-emotional health profiles, with potential to complement distress-based measures.
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Luthar, Suniya S., Carol H. Doernberger, and Edward Zigler. "Resilience is not a unidimensional construct: Insights from a prospective study of inner-city adolescents." Development and Psychopathology 5, no. 4 (1993): 703–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579400006246.
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AbstractThe maintenance of high social competence despite stress was examined in a 6-month prospective study of 138 inner-city ninth-grade students. The purpose was to provide a replication and extension of findings derived from previous cross-sectional research involving a comparable sample of children. Specifically, goals were to examine the extent to which high-stress children with superior functioning on one or more aspects of school-based social competence could evade significant difficulties in (a) other spheres of competence at school and (b) emotional adjustment. Measurements of stress were based on uncontrollable negative life events. Competence was assessed via behavioral indices including school grades, teacher ratings, and peer ratings, and emotional distress was measured via self-reports. Results indicated that high-stress children who showed impressive behavioral competence were highly vulnerable to emotional distress over time. Furthermore, almost 85% of the high-stress children who seemed resilient based on at least one domain of social competence at Time 1 had significant difficulties in one or more domains examined when assessed at both Time 1 and Time 2. Findings are discussed in terms of conceptual and empirical issues in resilience research.
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Romero, Estrella, Laura López-Romero, Beatriz Domínguez-Álvarez, Paula Villar, and Jose Antonio Gómez-Fraguela. "Testing the Effects of COVID-19 Confinement in Spanish Children: The Role of Parents’ Distress, Emotional Problems and Specific Parenting." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 19 (September 24, 2020): 6975. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17196975.
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The present study aimed to examine the effects of the Spanish confinement derived from the COVID-19 crisis on children and their families, accounting for child’s age. A range of child negative (e.g., conduct problems) and positive outcomes (e.g., routine maintenance) were examined, along with a set of parent-related variables, including resilience, perceived distress, emotional problems, parenting distress and specific parenting practices (e.g., structured or avoidant parenting), which were modeled through path analysis to better understand child adjustment. Data were collected in April 2020, with information for the present study provided by 940 (89.6%) mothers, 102 (9.7%) fathers and 7 (0.7%) different caregivers, who informed on 1049 Spanish children (50.4% girls) aged 3 to 12 years (Mage = 7.29; SD = 2.39). The results suggested that, according to parents’ information, most children did not show important changes in behavior, although some increasing rates were observed for both negative and positive outcomes. Child adjustment was influenced by a chain of effects, derived from parents’ perceived distress and emotional response to the COVID-19 crisis, via parenting distress and specific parenting practices. While parenting distress in particular triggered child negative outcomes, specific parenting practices were more closely related to child positive outcomes. These findings may help to better inform, for potential future outbreaks, effective guidelines and prevention programs aimed at promoting the child’s well-being in the family.
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Redolfi, A., G. Bartolini, M. Gugliotta, A. Maietti, P. Pietrapiana, S. Sapienza, A. D’Amato, and A. Mazzucchi. "When a parent suffers ABI: Investigation of emotional distress in children." Brain Injury 31, no. 8 (May 8, 2017): 1050–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/02699052.2017.1297486.
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Bhushan, Braj, and J. Sathya Kumar. "Emotional Distress and Posttraumatic Stress in Children Surviving The 2004 Tsunami." Journal of Loss and Trauma 12, no. 3 (May 7, 2007): 245–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/15325020600945996.
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dos Santos Mesquita, Cristina, and Ângela da Costa Maia. "A Step Toward a Better Understanding of the Relationship Between Victimization and Emotional Distress: Indirect Effect of Adult Attachment and Interaction With Household Dysfunction." Journal of Interpersonal Violence 34, no. 15 (September 27, 2016): 3252–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0886260516669541.
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A history of victimization has been linked to the latter development of emotional distress. However, not all victims develop emotional distress in response to victimization, emphasizing the need to identify mediators that can guide intervention, as well as moderators to more targeted preventive actions. Within a developmental psychology framework, we aimed to test two models: (a) the role of adult attachment as a mediator in the relationship between victimization and emotional distress, and (b) the role of household dysfunctions as moderators in the relationship between victimization and emotional distress, in psychiatric patients. Participants were 120 adult psychiatric patients, between ages 20 and 79 years ( M = −47.22, SD = 13.102) that responded to questions assessing household dysfunction in the family of origin, victimization, and adult attachment. Results revealed that adult attachment was a significant mediator in the association between victimization and emotional distress. Parental mental disorder and total household adversity were significant moderators for that same association. These results provide important clues for intervention. The focus on promoting secure adult relationships may contribute not only to the psychosocial adjustment of psychiatric patients but also to a healthier family functioning. Reducing the household dysfunction may provide a protective environment for the development of children, promoting a positive psychosocial adjustment, also preventing the intergenerational transmission of violence, insecure attachment, and emotional distress.
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Karrass, Jan, and Julia M. Braungart-Rieker. "Infant negative emotionality and attachment: Implications for preschool intelligence." International Journal of Behavioral Development 28, no. 3 (May 2004): 221–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/01650250344000433.
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This longitudinal study examined the extent to which dimensions of infant negative temperament in the first year predicted IQ at age 3, and whether these associations depended on the quality of the infant–mother attachment relationship. In a sample of 63 infant–mother dyads, mothers completed Rothbart’s (1981) IBQ when infants were 4 and 12 months, mothers and infants participated in Ainsworth and Wittig’s (1969) Strange Situation at 12 months, and children completed the Stanford-Binet (Thorndike, Hagen, & Sattler, 1986) when they were 36 months of age. Hierarchical multiple regression analyses indicated that 4- or 12-month distress to limitations was not predictive of later IQ, but infants with greater distress to novelty at 4 months had higher IQs at 36 months. Furthermore, greater distress to novelty at 12 months predicted higher IQs but only for infants whose attachment was insecure. Differential implications of temperamental fear versus anger for social influences on cognitive development are discussed.
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Hernandez, Nancy A., Gregory A. Hinrichsen, and Leah Blumberg Lapidus. "An Empirical Study of Object Relations in Adult Children of Depressed Elderly Mothers." International Journal of Aging and Human Development 46, no. 2 (January 1, 1998): 143–56. http://dx.doi.org/10.2190/apx3-ptc1-3dxn-kh9h.
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This study used a psychodynamic perspective on psychological functioning, object relations, for understanding coping and emotional distress in ( N = 50) sons and daughters providing assistance to an elderly mother hospitalized for major depression. Hypotheses that better maternal object relations would be related to more adaptive coping and less emotional distress received partial support. The hypothesis that an elderly mother's history of depression when a son or daughter was a child would be associated with adult children's poorer object relations received support. Results indicate that object relations may be a useful framework for studying family issues in late life depression.
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Mazefsky, Carla A. "Managing Problem Emotions and Behaviors in Children With ASD: An Assessment-Driven Three-Step Approach." Perspectives on Language Learning and Education 19, no. 2 (March 2012): 38–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1044/lle19.2.38.
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Emotional and behavioral problems in children with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) interfere with daily functioning and their ability to learn new skills. Thus, promoting emotional and behavioral stability is often a necessary component of intervention with children with ASD. This article reviews an approach to managing emotional and behavioral problems in ASD that begins with a thorough assessment to identify the function of the behavior or source of distress. I review common contributors to problem emotions and behaviors in ASD, highlight the importance of matching the intervention to the results of the assessment, and describe a stepwise approach to intervention.