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Money, Sharon L. "Intentional and Incidental Associative-learning and the Emotional Stroop Test." Thesis, University of Kent, 2009. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.527583.
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Plonski, Jared. "Psychopathic personality traits and semantic processing of emotional Stroop stimuli." Tallahassee, Fla. : Florida State University, 2008. http://purl.fcla.edu/fsu/lib/digcoll/undergraduate/honors-theses/341786.
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Cox, Michelle, and shelleyjcox@hotmail com. "Attentional bias effects following trauma exposure comparison of emotional Stroop and emotional lexical decision task paradigms." Swinburne University of Technology, 2005. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20051130.132059.
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Attentional bias effects for threat and emotional words were investigated, using both the emotional Stroop and emotional lexical decision paradigms. Twenty-eight controls and twenty-eight survivors of sexual assault participated in this study, which comprised three key comparisons. First, key predictions of the threat and emotionality hypotheses were compared, in particular specific and general threat effects, and positive and negative emotionality effects. Second, two separate group comparisons were conducted, specifically controls versus survivors of sexual assault overall, and a matched subset of controls versus PTSD positive survivors of sexual assault versus PTSD negative survivors of sexual assault. Third, performance on the emotional Stroop task and emotional lexical decision task paradigms were compared directly. Slowed colour naming responses (i.e. interference) were observed for both threat effects and emotionality effects in the emotional Stroop task. For the emotional lexical decision task, slowed lexical decisions (i.e. interference) were observed for threat effects, whereas speeded lexical decisions (i.e. facilitation) were observed for emotionality effects. The findings of the current study indicate that threat and emotionality effects may co-exist in both control and survivor populations. The relationship between the presence or absence of PTSD symptoms and threat and emotionality effects requires further investigation with larger sample sizes. There may be a relationship between the presence of PTSD symptoms and specific threat effects, however the findings of the current study for general threat information were inconclusive. No relationship was evident between the presence of absence of PTSD symptoms and positive or negative emotionality effects. The current findings suggest that the emotional Stroop task may be better suited to quantifying threat effects but not emotionality effects, whereas the emotional lexical decision task appears to be able to quantify both threat and emotionality effects.
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Stenudd, Elin, and Rebecka Tholerud. "DEVELOPMENT OF A MODIFIED EXHAUSTION STROOP TASK BASED ON THE SMBQ." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-148089.
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To explore the application of a cognitive test useful in screening of Exhaustion Disorder (ED), this study aimed to develop a Modified Stroop Task for ED. Participants’ scores on measures of burnout, anxiety, depression and stress were compared with performance on the task. The sample consisted of 56 participants (M=25.3 years), 30 women and 22 males, with the majority enrolled in fulltime higher education. The task consisted of five blocks with 100 stimuli in each block. The task was administered on a computer; upon completion of the task participants completed questionnaires measuring levels of burnout, anxiety and depression, as well as perceived stress. Raw scores on the task were calculated using a format comprised of both response times and number of errors. Data were analysed by comparing mean scores on the Stroop blocks using one-way repeated measures ANOVA. Additionally, median splits were undertaken on the scores on the questionnaires to enable between group comparisons using MANOVAs. The results showed no significant differences between high and low scores on the questionnaires and performance on the task. A Stroop interference effect was observed and there was a tendency that high exhausted participants performed worse than less exhausted participants. In conclusion the Modified Stroop Task offers some promise, although as of yet it cannot be assumed to be an accurate modification of an Emotional Stroop Task, due to limitations regarding the method; preliminary findings may serve as a pilot test for future research.
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Price, Shelley. "Cognitive assessment of deviant sexual interest using the emotional stroop and fMRI." Thesis, University of Birmingham, 2011. http://etheses.bham.ac.uk//id/eprint/1541/.
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This thesis examines differences in information-processing of sexual material using the emotional Stroop task to determine whether it is a reliable tool to be used in the assessment of deviant sexual interest for sexual abusers. Chapter one reviews the Stroop task and provides guidance to researchers for developing Stroop studies. Chapter two provides an overview of the methodologies and reports on the development of new word stimuli to measure sexual interest specific to sexual abusers. In Chapter three, adult sexual abusers demonstrated Stroop bias towards general sexual word content and words reflecting sexual interest more specific to sexual abusers. Chapter four found that the emotional Stroop task used in this thesis was not a suitable tool for use with adolescent samples. Chapter five compared the adult and adolescent datasets and found that offender groups exhibit a general slowing effect overall and that differences in Stroop bias were evident between different age cohorts. Chapters six/seven identified areas of the brains of sexual abusers that are disinhibited when processing emotional/sexual word content during the completion of the task. The thesis concludes with a discussion of the overall findings, limitations of the research, implications of the findings, and suggestions for future research.
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Sullivan, Erin. "Assessment of Hot and Cool Executive Functioning Following Trauma Using the Traditional Stroop Task, Emotional Stroop Task, and a Novel Implicit Association Test." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2015. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc822731/.
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Individuals who have experienced a traumatic event and develop Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) frequently show deficits in both primarily “cool” and “hot” cognitive executive functions (e.g., traditional & emotional Stroop tasks, respectively) that can be impacted by high affective salience. Given the dimensional nature of psychopathology, questions remain about individuals within the general population who have experienced trauma but do not meet full criteria for PTSD and yet may manifest problems in these areas, especially areas of hot and cool executive functioning (EF). Thus, the current project was designed to assess hot and cool EF in a relatively large sample of individuals from the general population who have experienced trauma and currently demonstrate sub-clinical levels of post-traumatic symptoms. The Stroop task, Emotional Stroop task, and a novel modified Implicit Association Test were utilized to assess EF across a spectrum of individuals with varying traumatic histories and level of post-traumatic symptoms. Results suggest that a greater frequency of trauma experiences was moderately associated with worse performance on both hot and cool executive functioning measures. Specifically, females within the sample evidenced a close relationship between traumatic experiences, post-trauma symptoms, and executive functioning. Clinical and theoretical implications are discussed.
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Yeung, Kin-yan, and 楊健恩. "Calmness in mindful practice: emotional stroop performance following stress induction in a mindfulness camp." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2012. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B50700169.
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The current study aims to explore the underlying mechanisms of mindfulness in understanding how it can bring about beneficial effects in clinical applications. We adopted a prospective design to examine the impact of a 3-day intensive mindfulness training camp on responses to different categories of words on the Emotional Stroop task (Watts, McKenna, Sharrock, & Trezise, 1986) and compared the performance of this group of participants with that of a control group. Five Facets of Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ; Baer, Smith, Hopkins, Krietemeyer, & Toney, 2006) and Trait Meta Mood Scale (TMMS; Salovey, Mayer, Goldman, Turvey, & Palfai, 1995) were also adopted to tap mindfulness and emotional intelligence respectively. Significant effect was found that mindfulness can improve the ability to describe experience, act with awareness, and repair negative mood. For the Emotional Stroop task, although there was no Stroop effect or significant group effect, post hoc analysis found intriguing results that the meditators respond slower for the emotionally neutral word while the changes for the emotional word was similar to the control group. The results provided preliminary supports for the notion that mindfulness training enhanced acuity in analyzing the environment, thus alerting the individual of previously unnoticed stimuli.published_or_final_version
Clinical Psychology
Master
Master of Social Sciences
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Beall, Paula M. "Automaticity and Hemispheric Specialization in Emotional Expression Recognition: Examined using a modified Stroop Task." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2002. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc3267/.
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The main focus of this investigation was to examine the automaticity of facial expression recognition through valence judgments in a modified photo-word Stroop paradigm. Positive and negative words were superimposed across male and female faces expressing positive (happy) and negative (angry, sad) emotions. Subjects categorized the valence of each stimulus. Gender biases in judgments of expressions (better recognition for male angry and female sad expressions) and the valence hypothesis of hemispheric advantages for emotions (left hemisphere: positive; right hemisphere: negative) were also examined. Four major findings emerged. First, the valence of expressions was processed automatically (robust interference effects). Second, male faces interfered with processing the valence of words. Third, no posers' gender biases were indicated. Finally, the emotionality of facial expressions and words was processed similarly by both hemispheres.
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Macias, Gia. "EFFECTS OF ANXIETY AND WORKING MEMORY CAPACITY ON PERFORMANCE IN THE EMOTIONAL STROOP TASK." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 2019. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd/937.
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Emotional Stroop task results have been shown to be inconsistent throughout the literature due to a multitude of factors including both stimulus and population factors. There are also several theories to explain the emotional Stroop effects, including the attentional control theory (Eysenck et al., 2007). This theory states that anxiety consumes attentional and memory resources, resulting in impairment in executive functions, and thus cognitive performance is lowered. Recently, Owens et al. (2014) reported that the effects of anxiety on cognitive performance might be moderated by working memory capacity (WMC). The present study explored whether Owens et al.'s (2014) paradigm fit the Stroop data. It also explored the role that WMC had in recognition memory for emotional and neutral words. Processing efficiency during the Stroop task and anxiety was expected to show a positive relationship for High WMC and a negative relationship for Low WMC. Furthermore, memory for emotional words were expected to be better for Low WMC due to longer processing times for emotional words. The results showed that WMC did not improve the model for both the emotional Stroop and the surprise recognition memory task, thereby contradicting Owens et al.'s (2014) proposed paradigm. Furthermore, an increase of anxiety scores showed a decrease in memory for emotional words but only for Low WMC.
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Tuft, Samantha E. "Examining effects of arousal and valence across the adult lifespan in an emotional Stroop task." Cleveland State University / OhioLINK, 2018. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=csu1525997542908059.
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Tremblay-Lavoie, Stéphanie. "Utilisation du Stroop émotion pour l'étude de l'effet du vieillissement sur l'attention sélective." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2011. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/185.
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Résumé : La psychologie cognitive s'intéresse depuis quelques années à un effet de positivité qui semble apparaître avec l'avancement en âge. Cet effet serait également lié à la diminution, voire la disparition, d'un biais attentionnel négatif, naturellement présent chez les jeunes adultes. Celui-ci consiste en une plus grande perturbation de l'attention sélective en présence de stimuli négatifs. Une tâche cognitive d'attention sélective très utilisée pour étudier ce biais cognitif est le Stroop émotion. Présentant des mots à valence négative, positive et neutre, il permet de vérifier l'effet d'interférence que produisent ces stimuli sur la capacité d'inhibition. Jusqu'à présent, les rares études utilisant le Stroop émotion auprès d'une population âgée sans trouble cognitif ne présentent pas de consensus permettant de statuer clairement sur la modification de ce biais cognitif dans le vieillissement. La présente étude proposait d'utiliser le Stroop émotion pour observer l'effet du vieillissement sur l'attention sélective, en répondant aux principales recommandations méthodologiques tirées des études précédentes. Il était attendu que les âgés ne devaient pas présenter d'effet d'interférence en réponse aux stimuli négatifs, contrairement aux jeunes adultes. Les résultats obtenus ont toutefois révélé la présence d'un biais attentionnel négatif tant chez les âgés que chez les jeunes adultes. L'interprétation de ces performances est discutée en regard des exigences cognitives du Stroop émotion. Il pourrait ainsi être plus facile de mettre en évidence la diminution du biais attentionnel négatif à l'aide d'une présentation différente des stimuli qui permettrait la mise en place de l'effet de positivité chez les âgés.||Abstract : For some years now, cognitive psychology has taken an interest in a positivity effect that appears with increased age. This effect is claimed to be related to the decrease in, or even disappearance of, a negative attentional bias that is naturally present in young adults; this effect consists in a greater disruption of selective attention in the presence of negative stimuli. A cognitive task measuring selective attention that is often used to study this cognitive bias is the emotional Stroop test. This task presents words with negative, positive and neutral valence and tests how these stimuli interfere with inhibition capacity. To date, the few studies that have used the emotional Stroop in an elderly population without cognitive disorders have not produced a consensus that would give us a clear sense of the change in this cognitive bias with aging. This study proposed to use the emotional Stroop to observe the effect of aging on selective attention by following the main methodological recommendations arising from earlier studies. It was expected that elderly people would not present an interference effect in response to negative stimuli, unlike young adults. However, the results revealed a negative attentional bias in both older and younger adults. This finding is interpreted in relation to the cognitive demands of the emotional Stroop. It could therefore be easier to highlight the decrease in negative attentional bias by using a different method of presenting stimuli, which would reveal the positivity effect in elderly people.
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Marrington, Jessica Zoe. "Differential factors related to the cause and duration of attentional bias in the emotional Stroop task." Thesis, Australian Catholic University, 2014. https://acuresearchbank.acu.edu.au/download/47f9678b28c7a4620a17db6613f3e2a6bd44f0e586d9056e3b05ab6ec22194cf/1401038/MARRINGTON2014.pdf.
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The emotional Stroop task (EST) is a widely used method in demonstrating how emotional material disrupts performance on a simple task through the biasing of attention. The finding that participants take longer to identify the colour of emotional material relative to neutral material is known as the emotional Stroop effect (ESE). The ESE was thought to be relatively fast, occurring on a single trial. However, recent research has suggested that emotional, primarily negative, material may disrupt colour-naming ability beyond the time of its presentation, disrupting performance in subsequent trials. That is, the ESE may be comprised of both fast and slow components. Currently there is no consensus as to the duration of the slow disruption or the mechanisms underlying this form of biased attention. Recently, Wyble, Sharma, and Bowman (2008) developed a computational model accounting for the occurrence of both fast and slow components of biased attention within the EST. The model makes specific predictions regarding the relationship between anxiety and the occurrence of fast and slow effects within the task; however these predictions have not been tested. The purpose of the research was to test these predictions in individuals with varying levels of anxiety. In total, five experiments were conducted; two to select stimuli for use in the ESTs (Experiments 1 and 3; n = 250) and three ESTs (Experiments 2, 3, and 5; n = 317) whereby fast and slow effects were examined in individuals who were low anxious, state anxious, trait anxious, and state-trait anxious. Duration of slow effects was examined by manipulating the length of the inter-trial intervals (ITIs) between words in the EST, in addition to tracking reaction times (RTs) over a series of five positions. Furthermore, positive emotion and negative emotion words with comparable arousal ratings were utilised in conjunction with neutral words to determine whether arousal, in addition to valence, played a role in biasing attention. Results showed mixed support for the hypotheses. The first emotional Stroop experiment (Experiment 2) found no evidence of fast effects. Slow effects were noted at the 32 ms block, albeit in a position later than expected. Slow effects emerged for all individuals on Position 4 between neutral words in the positive emotion sequence versus neutral words in the negative emotion sequence. There were also unexpected patterns of responding to pure sequences of neutral words. Due to the unexpected results, a decision was made to run an additional emotional Stroop experiment (Experiment 3) utilising different neutral stimuli. This experiment found no evidence of fast or slow effects occurring. Based on the inconsistencies in results between Experiment 2 and 3, Experiment 5 was conducted utilising a contingency-free methodology that allowed for the independent assessment of fast and slow effects. Results from Experiment 5 did not find evidence of a fast effect, however, in the anxious group, participants responded to neutral words that were presented after positive emotion words significantly faster than neutral words presented after negative emotion words. Collectively, the results did not find support for a fast component of attentional bias, which was contrary to predictions. Additionally, mixed support emerged for the presence of slow effects. While disruptions in colour-identification were noted on neutral words that followed emotion words, these were generally not in the position expected and did not always implicate the expected word type. The findings of the current study do not support the predictions of the Wyble et al. (2008) model. Implications of the current findings in addition to future directions are discussed.
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Guillery, Murielle. "Rôle du contrôle cognitif dans les modulations du langage et des émotions : l'exemple de la schizophrénie et des troubles bipolaires." Thesis, Rennes 2, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017REN20070.
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L’étude présentée explore les modulations du contrôle émotionnel dans les interactions du langage et des émotions, chez 23 sujets atteints de schizophrénie en état de stabilisation et 21 sujets atteints de troubles bipolaires en phase euthymique. Les interactions ont été envisagées d’une part dans le sens des émotions via le langage avec une tâche expérimentale de Stroop émotionnel conditionné, puis en contraste dans le sens du langage via les émotions avec une tâche expérimentale de décision lexicale avec des voisins orthographiques à connotation émotionnelle. Les résultats mettent en évidence une hyper‐réactivité émotionnelle positive dans les troubles bipolaires et des troubles du contrôle cognitif émotionnel dans la schizophrénie. Ces deux maladies présentent des chevauchements dans les altérations cognitives qui ne permettent pasencore de distinguer des marqueurs cognitifs. Cependant, les résultats de cette étude indiquent que les processus impliqués dans les perturbations du traitement des mots à connotation émotionnelle sont de natures différentes entre ces deux pathologies. Dès ors, le présent dispositif pourrait s’avérer utile pour différencier la schizophrénie des troubles bipolairesThe present study explores the modulations of the emotional control in the interactions of the language and the emotions, to 23 affected subjects of schizophrenia in state of stabilization and 21 affected subjects of bipolar disorders in euthymic phase. The interactions were envisaged on one hand in the sense of the feelings via the language with an experimental taskof conditioned emotional Stroop, then in contrast in the sense of the language via the feelings with an experimental task of lexical decision with orthographic neighbors with emotional connotation. The results highlight an emotional positive hyper-reactivity in bipolar disorders and disorders of the emotional cognitive control in the schizophrenia. These two diseasespresent overlappings in the cognitive changes which do not still allow to distinguish cognitive markers. However, the results of this study indicate that the processes involved in the disturbances of the processing of the words with emotional connotation are of different natures between these two pathologies. From then on, the present study could turn out usefulto differentiate the schizophrenia of bipolar disorders
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Green, Linda Mary. "An investigation of attentional bias in chronic pain patients using the emotional stroop task and research portfolio." Thesis, University of Glasgow, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.326255.
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Mulgrew, Kate Elizabeth. "Attention and memory bias for body image and health related information using an Emotional Stroop task in a non-clinical sample." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2008. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/26964/1/Kate_Mulgrew_Thesis.pdf.
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It has been proposed that body image disturbance is a form of cognitive bias wherein schemas for self-relevant information guide the selective processing of appearancerelated information in the environment. This threatening information receives disproportionately more attention and memory, as measured by an Emotional Stroop and incidental recall task. The aim of this thesis was to expand the literature on cognitive processing biases in non-clinical males and females by incorporating a number of significant methodological refinements. To achieve this aim, three phases of research were conducted. The initial two phases of research provided preliminary data to inform the development of the main study. Phase One was a qualitative exploration of body image concerns amongst males and females recruited through the general community and from a university. Seventeen participants (eight male; nine female) provided information on their body image and what factors they saw as positively and negatively impacting on their self evaluations. The importance of self esteem, mood, health and fitness, and recognition of the social ideal were identified as key themes. These themes were incorporated as psycho-social measures and Stroop word stimuli in subsequent phases of the research. Phase Two involved the selection and testing of stimuli to be used in the Emotional Stroop task. Six experimental categories of words were developed that reflected a broad range of health and body image concerns for males and females. These categories were high and low calorie food words, positive and negative appearance words, negative emotion words, and physical activity words. Phase Three addressed the central aim of the project by examining cognitive biases for body image information in empirically defined sub-groups. A National sample of males (N = 55) and females (N = 144), recruited from the general community and universities, completed an Emotional Stroop task, incidental memory test, and a collection of psycho-social questionnaires. Sub-groups of body image disturbance were sought using a cluster analysis, which identified three sub-groups in males (Normal, Dissatisfied, and Athletic) and four sub-groups in females (Normal, Health Conscious, Dissatisfied, and Symptomatic). No differences were noted between the groups in selective attention, although time taken to colour name the words was associated with some of the psycho-social variables. Memory biases found across the whole sample for negative emotion, low calorie food, and negative appearance words were interpreted as reflecting the current focus on health and stigma against being unattractive. Collectively these results have expanded our understanding of processing biases in the general community by demonstrating that the processing biases are found within non-clinical samples and that not all processing biases are associated with negative functionality
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Mulgrew, Kate Elizabeth. "Attention and memory bias for body image and health related information using an Emotional Stroop task in a non-clinical sample." Queensland University of Technology, 2008. http://eprints.qut.edu.au/26964/.
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It has been proposed that body image disturbance is a form of cognitive bias wherein schemas for self-relevant information guide the selective processing of appearancerelated information in the environment. This threatening information receives disproportionately more attention and memory, as measured by an Emotional Stroop and incidental recall task. The aim of this thesis was to expand the literature on cognitive processing biases in non-clinical males and females by incorporating a number of significant methodological refinements. To achieve this aim, three phases of research were conducted. The initial two phases of research provided preliminary data to inform the development of the main study. Phase One was a qualitative exploration of body image concerns amongst males and females recruited through the general community and from a university. Seventeen participants (eight male; nine female) provided information on their body image and what factors they saw as positively and negatively impacting on their self evaluations. The importance of self esteem, mood, health and fitness, and recognition of the social ideal were identified as key themes. These themes were incorporated as psycho-social measures and Stroop word stimuli in subsequent phases of the research. Phase Two involved the selection and testing of stimuli to be used in the Emotional Stroop task. Six experimental categories of words were developed that reflected a broad range of health and body image concerns for males and females. These categories were high and low calorie food words, positive and negative appearance words, negative emotion words, and physical activity words. Phase Three addressed the central aim of the project by examining cognitive biases for body image information in empirically defined sub-groups. A National sample of males (N = 55) and females (N = 144), recruited from the general community and universities, completed an Emotional Stroop task, incidental memory test, and a collection of psycho-social questionnaires. Sub-groups of body image disturbance were sought using a cluster analysis, which identified three sub-groups in males (Normal, Dissatisfied, and Athletic) and four sub-groups in females (Normal, Health Conscious, Dissatisfied, and Symptomatic). No differences were noted between the groups in selective attention, although time taken to colour name the words was associated with some of the psycho-social variables. Memory biases found across the whole sample for negative emotion, low calorie food, and negative appearance words were interpreted as reflecting the current focus on health and stigma against being unattractive. Collectively these results have expanded our understanding of processing biases in the general community by demonstrating that the processing biases are found within non-clinical samples and that not all processing biases are associated with negative functionality
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Blain, Rachel Catherine. "The Role of Attentional Bias Modification in a Positive Psychology Exercise." Xavier University / OhioLINK, 2019. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc_num=xavier1556749693757742.
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Basgoze, Zeynep. "Emotional Conflict Resolution In Healthy And Depressed Populations." Master's thesis, METU, 2008. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12610032/index.pdf.
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Conflict resolution is essential for human cognitive system which renders adaptability to the environment, providing humans to fulfill daily activities. The main aim of this thesis is to create a task where the conflict activates emotional networks exclusively, while investigating how the cognitive and emotional conflicts are monitored and then resolved in the brain. After creating the appropriate material composed of controlled words in terms of emotional dimensions and concreteness values, a new Word-face Stroop Task is designed using Turkish words. Firstly subjects participated in a classical Stroop task to measure cognitive conflict and then
in the Word-face Stroop task, the conflict between emotional words and emotional faces is investigated. The same Stroop tasks are then administered to depression patients. The results of the classical Stroop replicated the previous findings: (1) Healthy population was slower in responding to incongruent cases than congruent cases (2) Depressed patients were significantly slower than healthy population. The Word-face Stroop, conducted on healthy population also replicated the earlier findings: (1) People were slower in reacting to incongruent stimuli than congruent stimuli (2) People reacted faster to positive words than negative ones. Same Stroop tasks conducted on depressed patients however revealed interesting results, novel to the literature: (1) Congruency scores were significantly different when healthy population and Depressive Disorder patients with Hamilton scores higher than 20 were compared (2) Patients with Hamilton scores higher than 20 and lower than 20 significantly differed in congruency scores (3) Patients showed a tendency to react faster to incongruent stimuli rather than congruent stimuli, contrary to normal population (4) Normal population showed greater congruency effect in positively valenced abstract words, whereas depression patients showed greater congruency effect in negatively valenced concrete words.
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Athan, Donna Michelle, and n/a. "Topographic distribution of human brain activity associated with cognitive processing in anxiety disorders." Swinburne University of Technology, 2006. http://adt.lib.swin.edu.au./public/adt-VSWT20060904.115700.
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Increased attention towards threatening stimuli in both the external and internal
environments is thought to be a factor in the causation and maintenance of pathological
anxiety. Attentional biases for threatening information have been demonstrated in anxiety
disorders, however the cortical mechanisms involved remain unclear. In this investigation,
an Emotional Stroop task consisting of neutral, positive, depression-related and anxietyrelated
words, was used to investigate attentional biases in 14 Panic Disorder patients and
32 psychiatrically healthy controls. The standard colour-word Stroop was also performed
to determine whether any general cognitive deficits exist in Panic Disorder. Steady-state
probe topography (SSPT), a brain electrical activity imaging methodology, was used to
investigate participants' brain activity during performance of the tasks. It was hypothesised
that Panic Disorder is associated with specific biases for disorder-specific information and
thus patients would exhibit increased interference for anxiety-related words only, compared
to neutral words. Mean reaction times for the Standard Stroop was similar for the two
groups. For the Emotional Stroop task, neither group showed an interference effect for any
emotional category. However, Panic Disorder patients performed the Emotional Stroop
significantly more slowly than the Controls. The SSPT data suggest that the Standard and
Emotional Stroop tasks are associated with different patterns of brain activity in the Control
and Panic Disorder groups despite the similarities in the reaction time data. Specifically,
the Standard Stroop was marked by strong temporo-parietal excitation in the Panic Disorder
group only. In addition, anterior SSVEP patterns further differentiated between the Control
and Panic Disorder groups. The most striking finding for the Emotional Stroop was strong
sustained bilateral temporo-parieto-occipital excitation in the Panic Disorder group. In
addition, a subgroup of the Controls exhibited increased interference for anxiety-related
words and therefore the brain activity for this group and the remainder of Controls who did
not show interference was analysed separately. It was found that the presence of
interference for anxiety-related words was associated with right prefrontal inhibition prior
to response. Other time-varying changes in the SSVEP further distinguished between the
subgroup of Controls who showed an interference effect and those who did not.
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Abrahamyan, Arman. "Attentional capture of emotional static and dynamic hand gestures and faces the effect of valence in a novel stroop-based paradigm /." View thesis, 2008. http://handle.uws.edu.au:8081/1959.7/45703.
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Thesis (Ph.D.)--University of Western Sydney, 2008.A thesis presented to the University of Western Sydney, College of Arts, MARCS Auditory Laboratories, in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy. Includes bibliographies.
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Walldorf, Björn, and Hansson Andreas. "Att mäta utmattning med varianter av symbol digit modalities test." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2018. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-155266.
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Hälso- och sjukvården befinner sig under ett allt större tryck av patienter som söker hjälp på grund av utmattningssyndrom. Kognitiva nedsättningar är en kärnkomponent i utmattningssyndrom och effektiva och korta screeninginstrument för att upptäcka dessa behövs för identifiera tillståndet tidigt. Syftet med föreliggande studie var att utveckla ett modifierat Symbol Digit Modalities Test. De totalt 90 deltagarna bestående av studenter delades in i två grupper efter självskattad utmattning. Tjugofyra individer identifierades i gruppen med låg utmattning och trettiofyra i gruppen med hög utmattning. De två grupperna jämfördes med prestation på testet. Testet bestod av tre block bestående av symboler, neutrala ord och hotfulla ord och vardera blocks testtid var 90 sekunder. Resultatet visade inga signifikanta skillnader mellan låg och hög utmattningsgrupp och prestation på testet. Däremot fanns signifikanta skillnader mellan blocken när samtliga deltagares prestation jämfördes. Det modifierade testet lyckas inte att differentiera mellan deltagare med låg och hög utmattning. Resultatet som visade att det fanns skillnader mellan blocken är intressant och visar på att det kan finnas en effekt av uppmärksamhetsvridning som framtida forskning kan bygga vidare på.The Swedish healthcare system is under increasing pressure from patients seeking help due to fatigue syndrome. Cognitive impairments are a core symptom of the syndrome; effective screening tools to detect cognitive impairment related to fatigue are warranted to identify the condition. The aim of the present study was to develop a modified Symbol Digit Modalities. A total of 90 participants consisting of undergraduate students were divided into two groups after self-assessed fatigue. Twenty-four individuals were identified in the low fatigue group and thirty-four in the high fatigue group. The two groups’ test performance were compared. The test consisted of three blocks consisting of symbols, neutral words, and threat words; the duration of each test block was 90 seconds. The results showed no significant differences between low and high fatigue in terms of performance on the tests. However, there were significant differences across the blocks when comparing all participants' performance. The modified test failed to differentiate between low and high fatigue participants. The result indicating significant differences across the blocks is interesting and shows that there may be an effect of attentional bias that future research can build upon.
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Tai, Wing-ying, and 戴穎盈. "Measuring the stigma-sensitivity of psychotic patients in Hong Kong : the effect of stigma-related stimuli on emotional stroop task and attentional probe task." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/193090.
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Psychological distress aroused by stigma may lead to impairments in attentional functioning because it calls attention to the experience of stigma-related stress. Very few studies have actually considered whether stigma could disrupt attentional functioning by serving as distractors with emotional valence in the schizophrenia spectrum, given that there is a possible dysfunctional affective system in response to processing of emotional information.
This research employed the paradigm of emotional Stroop task and attentional probe task to investigate how stigma impacts on the functioning of selective attention. The primary objective of this current study was to investigate how selective attention, as measured in terms of reaction time and accuracy, can be disturbed by stigma-related stimuli in schizophrenia patients. The secondary objective of this study was to test the assumption that schizophrenic patients with higher sensitivity towards stigmatization will demonstrate higher impairment of selective attention in relation to stigma-related stimuli, since they may display more intense negative emotions than patients with lower sensitivity.
For emotional Stroop task, two categories of stimuli, including stigma-related words (emotional arousing to schizophrenic patients), furniture-related words (neutral stimuli) were shown in different colors and the subjects were instructed to name the color of words as fast and as accurate as possible. For attentional probe task, a stigma-related word was paired up with a furniture-related word in each trial. Participants had to respond as soon as they detect the dot in the position previously occupied by the words. Two groups of participants, healthy controls (N = 40) and patients with schizophrenia-related disorders (N = 40) were compared regarding their performances on emotional Stroop task and attentional probe task. The patients were further split into two groups; high-sensitivity towards stigma (N = 19) and low-sensitivity towards stigma(N = 18),for comparison on various variables, like level of symptoms, depression, medical adherence and awareness of mental disorders.
Based on the group comparison of performance on emotional Stoop task, schizophrenic patients exhibited significant emotional interference with the presentations of stigma-related words when compared with the healthy controls. Although the group comparison of performance on attentional probe task did not provide a significant result, schizophrenic subjects obtained higher difference scores which indicated that they were in general displayed more attentional bias towards stigma-related stimuli as compared to furniture-related stimuli. Both emotional Stroop and attentional probe task results show that schizophrenia patients in high-sensitivity subgroup demonstrated the greatest effect of emotional interference with the presentations of stigma-related words. Level of emotional interference for stigma-related stimuli in schizophrenic patients was moderately correlated with the measure of positive symptoms severity, and patients in high-sensitivity group had a significantly higher mean depressive symptoms score than patients in low-sensitivity group. Such information might help to identify potential risk factors and lead to improved treatment and prevention strategies for psychotic patients.published_or_final_version
Psychological Medicine
Master
Master of Psychological Medicine
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Wilson, Ceri. "The relationship between trait eating behaviours and food-related attentional biases." Thesis, Loughborough University, 2013. https://dspace.lboro.ac.uk/2134/13635.
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Attentional bias (AB) refers to the tendency to selectively attend to (orientation towards) and/or hold attention on (slowed disengagment from) disorder-relevant stimuli. Females with eating-related concerns are thought to preferentially process threatening stimuli, which in turn is thought to maintain and exacerbate eating concerns. The aim of the present thesis was to explore AB for threatening stimuli in females characterised by restrained, external or emotional eating, and those with high levels of (non-clinical) eating psychopathology. This was carried out with the intention of identifying cognitive processes that contribute to eating behaviours in females, in order to assess the relevance of an attention training (AT) programme for reducing such biases. A pilot study assessed orientation/slowed disengagement, for mood and food words amongst females with high/low levels of restraint. Forty females completed a modified Stroop task with three conditions. Food and mood conditions included sequences of five words ( target food/mood followed by four neutral). The neutral condition consisted of all neutral words. Performance did not significantly differ according to high/low restraint groups. All participants took longest to colour-name word position 2 (demonstrating slowed disengagement lasting one consecutive trial). However, this pattern was also found in the neutral condition. Methodological limitations were then addressed in study one. High/low restrained eaters (n=48) completed a modified Stroop where targets (food, interpersonal threat, animal) were presented prior to four neutral words. Participants were slow to disengage from targets (slowest for word position 2) in all conditions. Patterns of responding indicated that restrained eaters might take longer to disengage (i.e. the carry-over effect from the food word seemed to last longer than one trial). However, more neutral words in the sequence were needed to assess this. As slowed disengagement from animals also arose, a categorical effect may have occurred. Study two explored attention processing of food using modified Stroop and dot probe tasks. In the Stroop task targets (food, interpersonal threat, household objects) were presented prior to six matched neutral words. This task revealed no evidence of AB. No significant pattern of differences between restrained (n=29)/unrestrained eaters (n=31) emerged; however, binge eating scores were significantly negatively correlated with response times. A dot probe task with food/neutral picture pairs also revealed no evidence of AB. Both restrained/unrestrained eaters had negative mean interference scores indicating avoidance of food. None of the following eating behaviours significantly correlated with AB: restraint, disinhibition, external eating, emotional eating and non-clinical eating psychopathology. Study three employed a further modified dot probe task based on image ratings. There was no evidence of AB, and no significant relation between task performance and restrained, emotional or external eating. 2000ms bias scores (assessing disengagement) were significantly negatively correlated with eating psychopathology and age, suggesting that those with high levels of non-clinical eating psychopathology attentionally avoid food stimuli and that younger females are slower to disengage attention from food (although found within a limited age range). Study four employed further modified Stroop and dot probe tasks, and assessed whether AB mediates the negative mood-eating relationship. Participants were allocated to negative or neutral mood conditions. No evidence of AB was found with the dot probe, but greater levels of emotional eating were associated with slower responding. In the Stroop task, all participants displayed an orientation bias towards food. Emotional eating and drive for thinness (DFT) scores were significantly positively correlated with food word colour-naming times but only amongst participants in a negative mood. However, those with high levels of external eating showed greater AB towards food when in a neutral mood. Highly emotional eaters in a negative mood showed a greater desire to eat than those in a neutral mood but did not increase in food intake. Furthermore, those with a high DFT (in a negative mood) showed no evidence of increased desire to eat or food intake. AB was not significantly related to subjective appetite or food intake. Therefore, AB does not seem to mediate the negative-mood eating relationship. The present thesis provides important suggestions for modifications of Stroop and dot probe tasks targeting orientation and disengagement. A modified Stroop has been more sensitive at detecting food AB than the dot probe. Implications of biased attention processing are discussed in relation to the development of harmful eating behaviours, and the present findings have important implications for developing programmes to prevent eating disorders amongst at-risk females (e.g. through AT or training at-risk females how to effectively cope with negative mood).
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Bertels, Julie. "Influence de la valence émotionnelle de stimuli auditifs sur l'orientation de l'attention." Doctoral thesis, Universite Libre de Bruxelles, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/2013/ULB-DIPOT:oai:dipot.ulb.ac.be:2013/210337.
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L’objectif de ce travail de thèse était d’investiguer l’influence de la valence émotionnelle négative, positive ou taboue des mots parlés sur l’orientation des ressources attentionnelles, dans la population tout-venant. Pour ce faire, j’ai élaboré des adaptations auditives de paradigmes expérimentaux qui avaient été utilisés auparavant dans le but d’explorer l’influence du contenu émotionnel de stimuli visuels sur l’allocation de l’attention :le paradigme de déploiement de l’attention (Etudes 1 et 3), le paradigme de Stroop émotionnel (Etude 2) et le paradigme d’indiçage spatial émotionnel (Etude 4). En particulier, les Etudes 1, 3 et 4 m’ont permis d’examiner l’influence de la valence émotionnelle de ces stimuli sur l’attention sélective à une localisation spatiale, évaluée au travers des réponses à une cible subséquente.
Dans la situation de compétition pour les ressources attentionnelles spécifique au paradigme de déploiement de l’attention (Etudes 1 et 3), nous avons observé un engagement préférentiel des ressources attentionnelles vers la localisation spatiale des mots tabous, lorsque ceux-ci étaient présentés à droite, par rapport à la localisation spatiale des mots neutres présentés conjointement. Ces biais attentionnels ont été observés quelle que soit l’attention portée volontairement aux stimuli, la nature de la tâche à réaliser sur la cible, ou la charge cognitive liée à la tâche. De tels biais ont également été observés envers la localisation spatiale des mots négatifs et positifs, mais de manière moins robuste. Lorsque deux stimuli rivalisent pour l’orientation des ressources, la valence choquante serait donc cruciale pour l’orientation de l’attention spatiale. De plus, les mots tabous induisent un ralentissement général des temps de réaction (TRs) à la cible subséquente, quelle que soit sa localisation spatiale.
Au contraire, lorsque des mots-indices sont présentés isolément dans le paradigme d’indiçage spatial émotionnel (Etude 4), la valence émotionnelle négative des mots, mais pas leur valence choquante, paraît cruciale pour l’observation d’effets spatiaux :les stimuli les plus négatifs moduleraient l’orientation spatiale automatique de l’attention suscitée par leur présentation périphérique. Plus précisément, ils empêcheraient l’application de processus attentionnels inhibiteurs des localisations déjà explorées. En outre, la présentation d’un indice périphérique négatif accélère le traitement d’une cible subséquente, quelle que soit sa localisation spatiale.
L’influence de la dimension émotionnelle des mots parlés sur l’attention sélective à une dimension (non-émotionnelle) de ces stimuli a été investiguée grâce au paradigme de Stroop émotionnel (Etude 2). Contrairement à mes autres études, aucun déplacement attentionnel spatial n’était impliqué dans cette situation puisque les participants devaient répondre à chaque essai à une dimension non-émotionnelle (l’identité du locuteur) du stimulus (potentiellement émotionnel) présenté. J’ai ainsi observé une influence de la dimension émotionnelle taboue ou négative des mots sur le traitement de la dimension pertinente d’un mot neutre subséquent, mais pas sur le traitement de la dimension pertinente de ces mots eux-mêmes, suggérant l’occurrence d’effets lents, inter-essais, des mots tabous et négatifs, mais pas d’effet rapide.
Ces données appuient donc l’existence, dans une population tout-venant, d’un mécanisme de traitement involontaire du contenu émotionnel des mots parlés qui influence non seulement l’orientation spatiale et dimensionnelle de l’attention mais également, de manière plus générale, la latence des réponses fournies par le sujet.
Doctorat en Sciences Psychologiques et de l'éducation
info:eu-repo/semantics/nonPublished
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Haas, Elisabeth Charlotte [Verfasser], and Martin J. [Gutachter] Herrmann. "Der Einfluss des Catechol-O-Methyltransferase-Val158 Met-Polymorphismus auf die Frontalkortex-Aktivierung und das autonome Nervensystem während eines kombiniert emotional- kognitiven Stroop-Paradigmas / Elisabeth Charlotte Haas ; Gutachter: Martin J. Herrmann." Würzburg : Universität Würzburg, 2021. http://d-nb.info/1225296021/34.
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Silva, Gustavo Ramos. "Attentional control and biases towards threat : theoretical foundations and adaptation of experimental tasks." Pontif?cia Universidade Cat?lica do Rio Grande do Sul, 2018. http://tede2.pucrs.br/tede2/handle/tede/8089.
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A aten??o ? um construto multifacetado, que esteve historicamente por diversas vezes no centro de discuss?es filos?ficas e psicol?gicas. O car?ter influente da aten??o sobre diversos outros processos psicol?gicos (e.g., consci?ncia, mem?ria, tomada de decis?o) salienta sua import?ncia, e logicamente resulta em uma dificuldade na segrega??o de suas fronteiras te?ricas e na defini??o clara desse fen?meno. Em um campo de pesquisa emp?rica atual sobre aten??o, vieses da orienta??o atencional para est?mulos amea?adores s?o investigados. Por?m, falta aos modelos embasados em 10 achados emp?ricos nesse campo a sustenta??o em modelos te?ricos bem estabelecidos de aten??o, e existe confus?o nos estudos experimentais publicados. Al?m disso, tarefas experimentais para avaliar vieses da aten??o para a amea?a necessitam de integra??o com novas tecnologias e estrat?gias de an?lise, as quais podem gerar mais sensibilidade, validade e confiabilidade, como o rastreamento ocular e o novo ?ndice de variabilidade do vi?s atencional (ABV). Esta disserta??o est? inclu?da na sub?rea de n?mero 7.07.02.03-9 do Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) ? Psicologia Experimental (Processos Cognitivos e Atencionais) ? a qual integra a grande ?rea de Psicologia. Dois estudos s?o apresentados para suprir a necessidade de avan?o no estudo sobre aten??o, controle atencional (AC) e vi?s atencional em rela??o ? amea?a (ABT). Em primeiro lugar, um estudo te?rico fornece uma vis?o hist?rica da pesquisa psicol?gica da aten??o, desde os fundadores da Psicologia moderna at? a pesquisa neuropsicol?gica integrativa atual e os modelos orientados empiricamente. Esta revis?o busca esclarecer conceitos da aten??o e diferenciar esses conceitos dos de outros dom?nios psicol?gicos. Em vez de segregar ?reas de pesquisa, ? prov?vel que essa estrat?gia promova um di?logo entre campos que pesquisam o mesmo fen?meno - mas o medem de forma diferente e atribuem-lhe nomes diferentes. Na sequ?ncia dessa revis?o te?rica, ? apresentado um estudo emp?rico, que prop?e duas adapta??es de tarefas experimentais cl?ssicas para medir o ABT: a Tarefa Dot-Probe (DPT) e a Tarefa Stroop Emocional (EST). Na EST, o desenho da tarefa foi alterado para levar em conta considera??es te?ricas importantes e para melhor adaptar a tarefa ? medida de ABV. Na DPT, uma integra??o surpreendentemente rara de tempos de rea??o e medidas de rastreamento ocular ? estabelecida, e novos ?ndices para calcular o ABT e o ABV s?o propostos. A confiabilidade e validade dos ?ndices em ambas as 11 tarefas foi investigada com estudantes universit?rios e atrav?s da diferencia??o dos mesmos ?ndices entre grupos de sintomas altos vs. baixos de ansiedade e estresse p?straum?tico. A import?ncia de progressivamente melhorar as qualidades psicom?tricas dessas tarefas experimentais ? discutida em profundidade levando em conta os achados do estudo, incluindo recomenda??es para futuras adapta??es dessas tarefas
Attention is a multifaceted construct, one that has been at the center of discussions across several moments in the history of philosophy and psychology. The characteristic of attention to influence and regulate many other psychological process (e.g., consciousness, memory, decision-making) stresses its importance, and logically results in a hardship in segregating its theoretical boundaries and clearly defining this phenomenon. In a current empirical field of research on attention, biases of attentional orientation to threatening stimuli are investigated. However, models generated from empirical findings lack sustentation on well-established theoretical models of attention, and confusion exists across published experimental studies. Furthermore, experimental tasks to assess biases towards threat require integration with new operationalization and analysis strategies, which can provide better sensitivity, validity and measurement reliability, such as eye tracking and the novel index of attentional bias variability (ABV). This dissertation is included in the subarea number 7.07.02.03-9 of the Conselho Nacional de Desenvolvimento Cient?fico e Tecnol?gico (CNPq) ? Experimental Psychology (Attentional and Cognitive Processes) ? which integrates the broader area of Psychology. Two studies are presented to answer to the need of advancing research about attention, attentional control (AC) and attentional bias relative to threat (ABT). Firstly, a theoretical study provides a historical overview of psychological research on attention, from the founders of modern Psychology to current neuropsychological integrative research and empirically-oriented models. This review is expected to clarify constructs of attention and to differentiate these constructs from those of other Psychological domains. Instead of segregating research fields, this is likely to promote a 9 dialogue between fields that research the same phenomena ? but measure them differently and attribute to them different names. Following this theoretical review, an empirical study is presented, which proposes two adaptations of classical experimental tasks to measure ABT: the DotProbe Task (DPT) and the Emotional Stroop Task (EST). On the EST, task design is altered to account for important theoretical considerations and to better adapt the task to the measurement of ABV. On the DPT, a surprisingly rare integration of reaction times and eye tracking measures is established, and novel indices to calculate ABT and ABV are proposed. The reliability and validity of indices in both tasks is investigated with university students and through the differentiation of such indices between groups of high vs. low symptoms of anxiety and posttraumatic stress. The importance of pursuing the improvement of psychometric qualities of experimental tasks is discussed in depth upon the findings of the study, including recommendations to future experimental designs.
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Johansson, Linda. "The Role of Cognitive Processes in Eating Pathology." Doctoral thesis, Uppsala : Acta Universitatis Upsaliensis, 2006. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-7153.
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Smith, Pauline. "Étude transnosographique de l'obsession et de la compulsion dans le trouble obsessionnel compulsif et l'addiction à la cocaïne." Thesis, Sorbonne université, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018SORUS211.
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L’addiction à la cocaïne et le trouble obsessionnel compulsif sont deux maladies psychiatriques qui ont des conséquences graves. Elles présentent des symptômes communs, notamment des préoccupations obsessionnelles et des comportements compulsifs. Le but de ce travail a été d’explorer les processus sous-jacents à ces deux dimensions, obsession et compulsion, au travers de ces deux maladies, et leur évolution chez des patients en rémission. Pour cela, nous avons utilisé deux types de tâches expérimentales : la tâche de Stroop émotionnelle nous a permis d’étudier l’influence sur les processus attentionnels de stimuli liés aux deux troubles étudiés, et la tâche de Reversal Learning nous a permis d’étudier la flexibilité cognitive, qui permet d’ajuster son comportement à des changements dans l’environnement. Nous avons pu mettre en évidence un biais attentionnel chez les patients souffrant d’une addiction à la cocaïne, et, des performances intermédiaires chez des patients ayant souffert d’une addiction mais abstinents. Nous avons aussi mis en évidence un biais attentionnel chez des patients souffrant d’un TOC. Pour la flexibilité cognitive dans l’addiction à la cocaïne, nous avons montré un comportement des patients abstinents intermédiaire entre celui de participants témoins et celui des patients consommateurs, qui eux étaient plus impulsifs. Dans la population générale, nous n’avons pas observé de lien entre tendances obsessionnelles-compulsives et déficits dans une tâche de Reversal Learning. Ces résultats contribuent à éclairer la nature des dimensions d’obsession et de compulsion et leur rôle dans l’addiction à la cocaïne et dans le trouble obsessionnel compulsifCocaine addiction and obsessive compulsive disorder are two psychiatric disorders that have severe consequences. These two disorders have common features, including obsessive concerns and compulsive behaviors. The general objective of this work was to explore the processes that underlie the two dimensions of obsession and compulsion in both disorders, and in particular their evolution in remitted patients. To this aim, we used two types of tasks: emotional Stroop tasks allowed to study the influence of cocaine- or OCD- related stimuli on attentional processes, and Reversal Learning tasks allowed us to study lack of cognitive flexibility (ie a difficulty to adjust its behavior to environmental changes), which is involved in compulsive behaviors. These experiments allowed us to bring to light an attentional bias in patients with cocaine addiction, and intermediate behavior in abstinent patients who have suffered from addiction. We also observed an attentional bias in OCD patients. Concerning cognitive flexibility in cocaine addiction, we showed that abstinent patients had a behavior that was intermediary between that of control participants and that of current cocaine users, who were more impulsive, but not more compulsive than controls. In the general population, we did not observe a link between obsessive-compulsive tendencies and deficits in a Reversal Learning task, but we observed that participants who exhibited more compulsive behavior were the same as those who exhibited more impulsive behavior. These results help shed light on the nature of obsession and compulsion dimensions, as well as their role in cocaine addiction and obsessive-compulsive disorder
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Thomas, Shirley Ann. "Factors relating to emotional distress after stroke." Thesis, University of Nottingham, 2006. http://eprints.nottingham.ac.uk/12851/.
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Emotional distress is common after stroke and has a negative impact on rehabilitation outcome. The aim of this thesis was to identify factors relating to emotional distress after stroke to inform future interventions. This thesis developed a theoretical framework to guide the study of emotional distress and included stroke and demographic characteristics, background information, disability (personal and extended activities of daily living and aphasia) and psychosocial factors (coping, locus of control and social support). This thesis consisted of three studies. The first study developed and validated the Stroke Cognitions Questionnaire Revised (SCQR), as previous studies used cognitions assessments not appropriate for this population. The SCQR assesses the frequency of positive and negative stroke-related cognitions. The scale was developed from treatment notes of depressed stroke patients. The scale had high internal consistency, inter-rater and test retest reliability, and concurrent validity. Depression (Beck Depression Inventory; BDI) was characterized by a preponderance of negative cognitions and, to a lesser extent, a decrement in positive cognitions. This supports the cognitive model of depression. The second study evaluated factors that predicted the severity of depression in a sample of 112 depressed patients recruited to a randomised controlled trial of cognitive behaviour therapy between one and six months post-stroke. Communication impairment (Sheffield Screening Test for Acquired Language Disorders; SST) at recruitment was predictive of severe depression (BDI) at recruitment. Patients with greater communication impairment (SST) and a more external locus of control (Recovery Locus of Control Scale; RLOC) at recruitment were more likely to remain depressed at six months follow-up. Patients who remained depressed at follow-up were more severely depressed at recruitment. The main study of this thesis evaluated the proposed theoretical framework of emotional distress. In a prospective longitudinal study, 100 patients were recruited from hospital at one month post-stroke and assessed on communication (SST), personal activities of daily living (ADL; Barthel Index), distress (Visual Analogue Mood Scales, Visual Analogue Self-Esteem Scale and Stroke Aphasic Depression Questionnaire). Patients who were not aphasic completed additional assessments of distress (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Beck Depression Inventory II), recovery locus of control (RLOC), coping (Brief COPE) and cognitions (SCQR). Patients were reassessed on the same measures at six months (n=92), in addition to extended ADL (Extended ADL Index) and social support (Significant Others Scale; SOS). Communication impairment and dependence in personal ADL were predictive of distress at one month. Communication impairment and dependence in extended ADL were predictive of distress at six months. In non aphasic patients, externality of locus of control was also predictive of distress at one months and six months and actual social support was predictive of distress at six months. The relationship between coping and distress was mediated by locus of control. Distress remained persistent at six months post-stroke. The factors found to predict distress (communication impairment, recovery locus of control and activity level) will help identify patients at risk of distress. Also, this demonstrates the need to include aphasic patients. The risk factors are amenable to psychological intervention, such as cognitive behaviour therapy and coping skills training. Future research should evaluate the proposed interventions.
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Johansson, Inga-Lena. "Emotionell prosodi efter högersidig cerebral stroke : Akustisk analys samt skattning av röstens uttrycksfullhet." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Institutionen för klinisk och experimentell medicin, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-118003.
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Viktiga aspekter av kommunikationen styrs från höger hjärnhalva, däribland emotionell prosodi. Forskningen inom detta område har dock hittills varit ganska begränsad. En aspekt, som inte undersökts än, är jämförelse av deltagarens egen och lyssnares skattning av röstens uttrycksfullhet. Syftet med studien vara att undersöka förmågan att uttrycka emotionell prosodi efter stroke i höger hemisfär. Deltagare var tre patienter med stroke i höger hemisfär samt tre kontrollpersoner utan neurologisk sjukdom/skada eller problem med tal eller röst. Sammansättningen i grupperna av deltagare med stroke respektive kontrollpersoner var likvärdig avseende kön, ålder, dialektområde och utbildningsnivå. Emotionell prosodi undersöktes genom flera metoder: akustisk analys av grundtonsvariation samt deltagarnas egen såväl som lyssnares skattning av röstens uttrycksfullhet. I resultaten framkommer tendenser, som indikerar en skillnad mellan deltagarna med stroke i höger hemisfär och kontrollpersonerna. För deltagarna med stroke sågs mindre grundtonsvariation och lägre skattningar av röstens uttrycksfullhet. Då deltagarantalet var litet, bör resultaten tolkas med försiktighet. De tendenser till skillnader mellan försöks- och kontrollpersonerna som ses i resultaten motiverar dock för vidare studier.Important aspects of communication, including emotional prosody, are regulated from the right hemisphere. However, the research in the area of emotional prosody has so far been rather limited. One of the aspects that have not been examined yet is the comparison of the participant’s own rating of voice expression with ratings by listeners. The aim of the study was to assess expressive emotional prosody after right-hemisphere stroke. Participants were three patients with right-hemisphere stroke and three controls without neurological conditions or problems regarding speech or voice. The groups of participants with stroke and the controls were matched regarding sex, age, dialect and level of education. Emotional prosody was examined using multiple methods: acoustic analysis of variation in fundamental frequency and the participants’ own as well as listeners’ rating of voice expression. The results show tendencies that indicate a difference between the participants with right-hemisphere stroke and the controls. The participants with stroke showed smaller variations in fundamental frequency and lower ratings of voice expression. Due to the small sample size in the present study, results should be treated with caution. However, the tendencies shown in the results regarding differences between subjects and controls would justify further studies.
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Offutt, Michelle Renee. "The Strong Black Woman, Depression, and Emotional Eating." Scholar Commons, 2013. http://scholarcommons.usf.edu/etd/4738.
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Abstract
Eighty percent of all black women are overweight or obese which can lead to greatly increased morbidity and mortality, increasing healthcare costs and loss of healthy years of life. While multiple factors may contribute to obesity in black women, the cultural persona of the Strong Black Woman (SBW), an ideology that promotes unflagging toughness and denial of self-needs, may be the basis for behaviors that contribute to steady state obesity in this group. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationships between the SBW persona, depression, and emotional eating.
Two predominately black churches in Florida were approached concerning this research. A total of sixty-six women consented to participate during their monthly women's fellowship meeting. Each woman was asked to complete a packet of three instruments. The Strong Black Woman Cultural Construct Scale, a 22-item instrument was scored on a 5-point Likert-like scale with possible scores on the inventory ranging from 22 to 110. The mean score for this inventory was high (M=74.62; SD= 8.700. The SBWCCS has 3 subscales, measuring Affect Regulation (7 items), Caretaking (8 items), and Self-Reliance (7 items). Affect Regulation scores may range from 7 to 35. The mean score for Affect Regulation was moderately high (M=21.35; SD = 4.39). Caretaking scores could range from 8 to 40 points. The mean score for Caretaking was moderately high (M=25.11; SD = 4.47). Self-Reliance scores could range from 7 to 35, and had the highest mean score (M= 28.17; SD = 3.31). The Emotional Eating scale, a 25 item inventory rated on a five-point Likert-like scale, has a score range of 25 to 125 points. The mean score for Emotional Eating was low (M=49.36; SD = 19.42). The Center for Epidemiological Study-Depression Scale, a 20-item inventory has scores that range from 0-60 points. The mean score for this inventory was low (M=14.06; SD = 9.05).
Pearson Product Moment Correlations were run to determine if there were any relationships among the three variables and the subscales. No relationships were found between SBW and Depression, or between SBW and Emotional Eating. However the relationship between Depression and Emotional Eating was statistically significant (r=0 .27, p<.05). No relationships were found between the three subscales and emotional eating, nor was there a relationship between depression and caretaking or depression and self-reliance. However, the relationship between Depression and Affect Regulation was statistically significant (r=0.28, p<.05).
The findings regarding the relationships between SBW and depression, and also SBW and Emotional Eating were inconsistent with the current literature, suggesting that either response bias or some other source of bias interfered with the relationships. However, the significant relationships between Depression and Emotional Eating, along with Depression and Affect Regulation, were consistent with previous studies. Further research is needed to determine if there is response bias due to questions on the instruments being at odds with strong identification with the SBW persona and also to determine levels of depression in this population. A more complete understanding of these relationships is needed before culturally specific interventions for psychosocial factors supporting obesity in black women may be developed.
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Yule, Mhairi. "Emotion regulation, executive functioning and quality of life following stroke : a research portfolio." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/8009.
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Systematic review Executive dysfunction is commonly reported following stroke with most research in this area focused on frontal lobe lesions. A systematic review was carried out to evaluate the evidence of executive dysfunction following stroke as compared to control groups. It was found that executive functions are consistently impaired following stroke and is not limited to frontal lobe lesions. Processing speed, mental flexibility, attention and working memory impairments were found to be the most common executive functioning impairments following stroke. Given the impact executive dysfunction may have on successful rehabilitation, relationships, return to work and quality of life, a comprehensive assessment of such difficulties is important following stroke to aid in the development of appropriate and effective rehabilitation strategies. Future research should use larger samples and a wide range of measures to assess different aspects of executive functioning. Introduction Mood disorders and psychological distress are common following stroke, and depression and emotional lability have been studied extensively. There has, however, been little research into difficulties in emotion regulation following stroke and whether this is associated with emotional or cognitive difficulties. The current study investigated emotion regulation difficulties following stroke and their relationship with quality of life, executive functions, anxiety and depression. Method Fifty participants who had suffered a stroke and forty five age matched controls completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale, the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, the World Health Organization Quality of Life assessment – Brief version and the National Adult Reading Test. In addition individuals with stroke completed four measures of executive functioning – Color Trails Test, Verbal Fluency, Brixton Spatial Anticipation Test and the Hayling Sentence Completion Test. Results Individuals with stroke had significantly greater difficulties in emotion regulation compared to age matched controls and this was significantly associated with lower self reported quality of life and increased levels of both anxiety and depression. No significant associations were found between emotion regulation and executive functions or between executive dysfunction and lower self reported quality of life. Discussion The current study found evidence that individuals who have suffered a stroke have more difficulties in emotion regulation than an age matched control group. This is clinically important as emotion regulation difficulties are found in mood disorders and it may be that such difficulties precipitate and/or maintain depression following stroke. The absence of an association between difficulties in emotion regulation and executive functioning suggests that other factors may influence such difficulties, such as the trauma of having a stroke. Future research should explore emotion regulation difficulties further following stroke, particularly investigating whether the course of these difficulties changes over time and if they are linked to type of stroke or lesion location.
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Whitcomb, Sara A. 1974. "Strong start: Impact of direct teaching of a social-emotional learning curriculum and infusion of skills on emotion knowledge of first grade students." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10332.
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xiii, 126 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.Given the staggering prevalence of 12-22% of school children with mental health problems and the paucity of effective mental health services available, it is essential that professionals examine alternative methods for providing social and emotional support to children (Greenberg, Bumbarger, & Domitrovich, 2001). Rather than continuing with a service delivery approach that is reactive, fragmented, and inefficient, professionals are called to consider a more preventive approach that ensures the health of all children. A public health model of intervention can provide a conceptual framework for mental health service delivery in its aim to serve an entire population and to provide multi-tiered support (universal, targeted, indicated) that increases in intensity based on the needs of individual persons (Coie et al, 2000). Members of the Oregon Resiliency Project, a research effort at the University of Oregon, have spent the last several years developing one such set of SEL curricula, appropriate for children in grades pre-k-12, the Strong Kids programs, Strong Start: K-2 , (Merrell, Parisi, & Whitcomb, 2007), is a component of Strong Kids , developmentally applicable to kindergarten through second grade students. The purpose of this study was to implement a pilot or feasibility study that examined the impact of Strong Start on first grade students' social-emotional knowledge skills, with a particular emphasis on emotion knowledge, social behavior and affect. Pretest data collection of Strong Start began in Fall 2007 in 4 classrooms in a suburban, northwestern school district. Implementation of the intervention occurred in Winter 2008 and posttest data were gathered in Spring 2008. Results indicated that Strong Start was implemented with integrity, and that significant increases in students' knowledge about emotion situations and significant decreases in students' internalizing behaviors were associated with exposure to the program. Limitations of this study as well as directions for future research are discussed.
Committee in charge: Kenneth Merrell, Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Cynthia Anderson, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Elizabeth Stormshak, Member, Counseling Psychology and Human Services; John Seeley, Member, not from U of 0; Sara Hodges, Outside Member, Psychology
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Bennett, Beverley. "Emotional encounters with stroke : an ethnographic study of nurse-patient interactions in a stroke rehabilitation unit." Thesis, University of Sheffield, 2012. http://etheses.whiterose.ac.uk/3285/.
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Stroke is the third most common cause of death in the United Kingdom and the single greatest cause of severe disability. The effects of stroke are complex but the impact on emotional wellbeing is arguably one of the most problematic aspects of stroke rehabilitation to address. Nurses play a key role in stroke rehabilitation and the ways in which they interact with and respond to the emotional experience of stroke, may be crucial to the well-being of the patient and their relatives. Informed by an interactionist theory of emotion, the aims of this interpretive ethnographic study were to explore the emotional experiences of persons affected by a stroke (patients and relatives), nurses’ interpretations of these experiences and how they used them to inform and influence person-to-person interactions during the period of hospital-based rehabilitation. Taking a case study approach, a purposive sample of 10 cases was selected, with each ‘case’ comprising a patient, their closest relative and the nurses who provide their care. Data were constructed through participant observation, interviews and documentary review. Data analysis revealed that through a complex interplay of core beliefs, personal and professional attributes and interpersonal skills, nurses enabled patients and relatives to access and utilise their own personal attributes in order to recover from stroke. An emergent relationship model explains how the relationships built and sustained between nurses, patients and relatives during their encounters with each other on a stroke rehabilitation unit are central to creating a positive culture of caring which promotes emotional wellbeing and aids recovery. The findings have implications for policy, clinical practice, health care education and research.
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Hill, Sharon. "Illness perceptions, disability and emotional adjustment in older survivors of stroke." Thesis, University of Southampton, 1999. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.299412.
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Besharati, Sahba. "Cognitive, social and emotional processes in unawareness of illness following stroke." Doctoral thesis, University of Cape Town, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/15491.
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Includes bibliographical referencesDisturbances in unawareness can offer an important avenue to investigate the neurocognitive processes involved in the construction of the bodily self. The general aim of the present thesis was to advance the current state of knowledge on a prototypical disorder of self-awareness, anosognosia for hemiplegia (AHP): unawareness of motor deficits contralateral to a brain lesion. Based on insights gained from both clinical and experimental research on anosognosia, it is argued that purely sensorimotor accounts do not explain several features of the syndrome, such as the delusional and emotional aspects. Therefore a revision of prevailing, modular theories of anosognosia is proposed that take into account the involvement of affective and so cial processes. Accordingly, the thesis aimed to: (1) investig ate the emotional and social factors that underlie motor unawareness; (2) identify the neurocognitive factors and neuroanatomical correlate that underlie such factors; and (3) develop potential, bedside rehabilitation interventions for AHP that are informed by the above investigations. These aims were achieved using an integrative methodological approach, which combined neuropsychological testing, psychophysiological experiments and neuroimaging methods. A series of experiment al group investigations and clinical case studies were conducted in 53 adult patients with right-hemisphere strokes. The main results of these studies showed that: (i) motor awareness is modulated by negative, but not positive emotion in a social context; (ii) anosognosia is associated with specific deficits in 3rd person perspective taking in visual-spatial and mentalising tasks; (iii) anosognosia is modulated by 'other' referent and 3rd person verbal and visual perspective taking. These experimental findings on the role of emotion and social processes in AHP were in turn used to develop a rehabilitation intervention applied in two case studies that showed promising results. Additionally, converging neuroimaging evidence provided support for the unique involvement of the inferior frontal gyrus, insula ribbon, supramarginal and superior temporal gyrus, and dorsal frontal white matter in anosognosia, which have well-established links to motor monitoring, subjecting feelings and self-awareness, and the proposed 'mentalising network'. These finding are in support of a proposed new account of AHP, which move s away from traditional modular theories of anosognosia, towards a dynamic model of the construction of the bodily self.
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Vlasic, John P. II. "A research study on emotional adjustment of a spouse following stroke." CSUSB ScholarWorks, 1996. https://scholarworks.lib.csusb.edu/etd-project/1169.
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This research project focuses on age as a predictor in the emotional adjustment of a spouse following his/her partner's stroke. The medical records of 80 stroke cases were reviewed at Kaiser Permanente Medical Center, Fontana, California. Patients and spouses were examined in two age groupings, age 55 and below, and ages 56 and above. Study of these two age groups afforded the most meaningful division to study spouse adjustment.
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Besnier, Nathalie. "Aspects cognitifs et émotionnels de l'interférence aux tests de stroop dans les troubles schizophréniques et bipolaires." Thesis, Aix-Marseille 2, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010AIX20669/document.
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L’interférence résulte du coût attentionnel provoqué par l’activation simultanée de deux processus cognitifs. Ce phénomène est mesuré par le test de Stroop Couleur qui met en jeu une situation de conflit entre deux dimensions en compétition d’un même stimulus. Les aspects émotionnels de l’interférence sont explorés par le test de Stroop Emotionnel qui évalue le coût attentionnel généré par le traitement de stimuli de valence émotionnelle forte en référence à des stimuli neutres. Une augmentation de l’interférence aux tests de Stroop pourrait être une des caractéristiques des troubles schizophréniques et bipolaires où s’observent un déficit d’inhibition et une dérégulation des émotions, anomalies qui sont particulièrement prononcées au cours des phases aiguës. L’exploration comparative de l’interférence permettrait de mieux différencier ou bien de rapprocher ces pathologies dont la distinction nosographique est discutée. Les objectifs de notre travail étaient : (i) comparer l’interférence dans ses aspects cognitifs et émotionnels dans les troubles schizophréniques et bipolaires, (ii) rechercher les corrélats cliniques de l’interférence aux tests de Stroop et (iii) identifier si l’interférence constitue un facteur de vulnérabilité aux troubles en la mesurant chez des apparentés de premier degré.Méthode : Les performances de patients souffrant de schizophrénie paranoïde (N=30) en phase productive et de manie bipolaire (N=30) ont été comparées à l’aide d’un test de Stroop Couleur et d’un test de Stroop Emotionnel. Les patients souffrant de trouble schizo-affectif étaient exclus. Des apparentés de premier degré non atteints de patients schizophrènes (N=30) et bipolaires (N=30) ont ensuite été comparés à chacun des tests. Des groupes de sujets témoins dépourvus de maladie psychiatrique ont été constitués. Une version carte du test de Stroop Emotionnel en langue française adaptée aux troubles schizophréniques et bipolaires a été spécifiquement élaborée pour inclure des mots paranoïdes (i.e. faisant référence aux idées de persécution), dépressifs, maniaques et neutres, appariés pour la longueur, la familiarité et la fréquence lexicale. Résultats : En phase aiguë, l’interférence cognitive et émotionnelle des patients schizophrènes et maniaques était supérieure à celle des témoins dans toutes les conditions. Au Stroop Couleur, l’effet d’interférence était comparable entre les patients schizophrènes et maniaques et n’était pas corrélé à l’intensité de la symptomatologie. Au Stroop Emotionnel, l’effet d’interférence dans les groupes cliniques était d’autant plus important que la valence émotionnelle faisait référence à la psychopathologie du trouble : les résultats ont montré un biais envers les mots paranoïdes chez les patients schizophrènes et un biais envers les mots maniaques comme dépressifs chez les maniaques. Si, dans le groupe de patients schizophrènes, l’amplitude de l’interférence paranoïde était corrélée à l’intensité des symptômes positifs, aucune corrélation n’a été observée entre les biais émotionnels et la symptomatologie dans le groupe des patients maniaques. Les performances des apparentés de premier degré des patients schizophrènes étaient inférieures à celles des témoins au Stroop Couleur, tandis que les apparentés de premier degré des patients maniaques montraient un biais envers les stimuli dépressifs.Conclusion : L’augmentation de l’interférence au test de Stroop Couleur pourrait être un marqueur de vulnérabilité commun aux troubles schizophréniques et bipolaires dont l’expression varie quantitativement avec l’expression phénotypique et la phase de la maladie. Cette anomalie pourrait se manifester de manière plus prononcée dans les troubles schizophréniques que bipolaires. Aucun corrélat clinique spécifique n’a été identifié. L’exploration des substrats cérébraux de l’effet d’interférence a permis d’identifier dans les deux pathologies un dysfonctionnement du cortex cingulaire antérieur (CCA), structure centrale dans la régulation de l’attention. En outre, une implication plus spécifique du cortex préfrontal vEntral a été montrée dans le trouble bipolaire, témoignant des troubles de la régulation motivationnelle et affective présents dans cette pathologie. Au test de Stroop Emotionnel, les patients souffrant de schizophrénie et de trouble bipolaire présentent un biais envers les informations relatives à la psychopathologie spécifique de leur trouble. Dans la schizophrénie, le biais envers les informations relatives aux thèmes paranoïdes pourrait être impliqué dans le maintien ou le développement des symptômes productifs ; ce phénomène serait principalement déterminé par des facteurs d’état. Dans le trouble bipolaire, l’interférence émotionnelle pourrait traduire l’impact de l’hyperréactivité émotionnelle sur les processus d’inhibition cognitive ; de nombreux arguments suggèrent que l’interférence émotionnelle constitue un marqueur de vulnérabilité à cette pathologie
Interference results from the attentional cost caused by the simultaneous activation of two cognitive processes. This phenomenon is measured by the Stroop Colour-Word Test that involves a situation of conflict between two dimensions in competition within the same stimulus. The emotional aspects of interference are explored by the Emotional Stroop Test, which assesses the attentional cost stemming from the processing of emotionally-valenced stimuli in reference to neutral ones. Increased Stroop interference could characterize both schizophrenic and bipolar disorders that share inhibitory deficit and emotional dysregulation, especially during acute phases. The comparative measure of interference would help to better understand the differences between these disorders whose nosographic distinction is discussed. Our objectives were: (i) to compare cognitive and emotional interference between schizophrenic and bipolar disorders, (ii) to seek the clinical correlates of interference and (iii) to identify whether interference is a marker of vulnerability to both disorders by measuring it among unaffected first degree relatives. Methods: Patients suffering from paranoid schizophrenia, acute phase (N=30) and bipolar disorder, manic phase (N=30) were compared while performing a Stroop Colour-Word Test and an Emotional Stroop Test. Patients with schizo-affective disorder were excluded. Unaffected first-degree relatives of schizophrenic (N = 30) and bipolar patients (N = 30) were then compared to each of these tests. Healthy subjects served as controls in both experiment. A French version of the Emotional Stroop Test adapted to schizophrenic and bipolar disorders was previously constructed; it included paranoid (i.e. referring to persecutory delusions), depressive, manic and neutral words matched for length, familiarity and lexical frequency.Results: Schizophrenic and manic patients showed greater cognitive and emotional interference than controls in each condition. There were no significant differences between schizophrenic and manic patients at the Stroop Colour-Word Test and their performances were not correlated with symptoms. At the Emotional Stroop Test, the interference effect in the clinical groups was greater when the emotional valence of the stimuli was related to the specific psychopathology: schizophrenic patients showed a bias towards paranoid words while manic patients showed a bias towards both depressive and manic words. In the schizophrenic group, paranoid interference was correlated with positive symptoms whereas no correlation was found between emotional bias and symptomatology in the manic group. First-degree relatives of schizophrenic patients performed poorly than controls on the Stroop Colour-Word Test while first-degree relatives of bipolar patients showed an emotional bias towards depressive stimuli. Conclusions: Our results suggest that increased Stroop Colour-Word interference is an endophenotype common to schizophrenic and bipolar disorders whose expression quantitatively varies with the phenotypic expression and the clinical phase. No clinical correlate to the interference effect has been identified yet in none of these disorders. However, this abnormality might be more pronounced and associated with schizophrenic disorders. Neuroimaging studies identified cerebral correlates of abnormal interference that were common to schizophrenic and bipolar disorders like the Anterior Cingulate Cortex. A more specific involvement of the ventral prefrontal cortex has been shown in bipolar disorder; this abnormality might be related to the motivational and emotional dysregulation. In schizophrenia, a bias towards paranoid stimuli could be a mechanism involved in the maintenance or the development of the productive symptoms; this phenomenon might be primarily determined by state factors. In bipolar disorder, we suggest that emotional interference represents the impact of emotional hyperreactivity on cognitive inhibition and a marker of vulnerability
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Rose, Leona. "An exploration of emotional distress and sleep in a stroke rehabilitation setting." Thesis, Lancaster University, 2018. http://eprints.lancs.ac.uk/127030/.
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This aim of this thesis was to explore experiences of emotional distress and sleep-wake patterns in an acute stroke rehabilitation setting. Both the systematic review and research paper are being prepared for submission to the international Journal of Stroke; the guidelines of which are included in the appendices (Appendix D, paper 1). Paper one is a systematic review of the literature investigating the potential benefit of third-wave psychological therapies to support individuals experiencing emotional distress resulting from previous stroke. Ten papers were reviewed and included in a narrative synthesis. The quality of the methodology of the studies is evaluated and discussed. Third wave interventions offer some promising initial results; however, research in this area is in its infancy, and requires further investigation. The research paper (paper two) explored the relationship between sleep, mood and pain and the possible predictive value these variables have on participation in rehabilitation. Experience sampling methods and actigraphy were utilised in this study. Twenty participants were recruited and took part in the study for an average of seven days. A multi level model analysis was used to explore the data. Results indicate that sleep efficiency, low mood and pain all offer some predictive value for participation in rehabilitation in this sample. Paper three is a critical appraisal of the systematic review and research paper. Pertinent issues, relevant to both papers are discussed. Recommendations for future research as well as considerations for clinical implications are discussed within the context of the research findings.
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Kramer, Thomas Jonathan. "Evaluating a Social and Emotional Learning Curriculum, Strong Kids, Implemented School-Wide." BYU ScholarsArchive, 2013. https://scholarsarchive.byu.edu/etd/4054.
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The goal of this study was to explore whether Strong Kids could result in improved social and emotional competence when implemented as a school-wide universal intervention. No prior studies have examined this question. This study also evaluated whether teachers could implement Strong Kids as it was designed and whether they viewed it as socially valid. It used a non-equivalent control group design. The treatment school in the study involved 348 students and 17 teachers from a Title I school. School demographics indicated that 61% of students were Hispanic, 37% White, and 2% of other ethnicities. Approximately 82% of the students qualified for free or reduced lunch. Teachers at the treatment school taught Strong Kids for 12 weeks, permitted treatment fidelity observations, and completed a social validity questionnaire (with a subgroup also participating in a social validity focus group). The control school participants consisted of 266 students and 11 teachers. The control school was selected because it was demographically similar to the treatment school. Teachers at both treatment and control schools completed pretest and posttest ratings of each of their students' internalizing behaviors and peer-related prosocial behaviors using nationally normed scales. Analyses comparing teacher ratings of the treatment school with ratings at the control school were performed using a split-plot ANOVA. Scores for students identified as at-risk through school-wide screening were compared to students not identified as at-risk. Average scores on the social validity questionnaire were calculated, and a qualitative analysis of the focus group was performed. Results revealed that 82% of lesson components were fully implemented. Teacher ratings at the treatment school reflected a significant decrease in students' internalizing behaviors, while ratings at the control school increased. At-risk students showed significantly greater improvements on both internalizing and peer-relations subscales compared to non-at-risk students. Social validity results revealed that Strong Kids provided a common language for teachers and students to talk about feelings and an avenue for students to seek help. It also helped teachers set school-wide expectations for handling social and emotional concerns.
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Scott, Clare. "Emotion processing and social participation following stroke." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2010. http://digitool.abdn.ac.uk:80/webclient/DeliveryManager?pid=158463.
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This thesis explores the links between emotion processing and social participation in the acute and chronic phases of stroke. Three aspects of emotion processing are examined: 1) Emotion Perception 2) Emotion Regulation 3) Depression and Anxiety. Social Participation refers to engagement in life situations including a range of social activities and social networks. Stroke survivors are known to experience a reduction in social participation, independently of activity limitations. The current research tests the hypothesis that impairments in any of the aspects of emotion processing may affect social participation. Previous research has established that following stroke, difficulties in emotion perception and depression and anxiety occur, but there is little research on post stroke emotion regulation difficulties. While the link between post stroke depression and anxiety and social participation has been explored, this is not the case with emotion perception or emotion regulation. In a pilot study, emotion processing and social participation measures were administered to stroke patients. Emotion processing difficulties were shown to occur in stroke survivors and were significantly correlated with social participation. In the main study participants’ emotion processing, social participation and activity limitations were assessed at 2 and 18 months post stroke. In the acute phase, all three aspects of emotion processing correlated with social participation, but only emotion regulation predicted social participation restrictions independently of activity limitations. In the chronic phase, emotion processing correlated with social participation, with emotion regulation and depression predicting social participation independently of activity limitations. Further analyses revealed acute phase problems with emotion perception predicted chronic phase social participation limitations, while acute phase social participation restrictions predicted chronic phase depression and emotion regulation. These findings highlight the importance of the links between emotion processing and social participation post stroke. Future research priorities in this field are outlined.
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Sallee, Katherine, and Katherine Sallee. "Feasibility of Using a Novel and Interactive Computer Program to Assess Emotional Health After a Stroke." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622934.
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Purpose: Many patients suffer from depression after a stroke. The aims of this feasibility study were to: examine the recruitment process of community dwelling stroke survivors in a study using an interactive computer program (Cognues®), determine the ability to assess cognitive function and depression status in subjects using Cognuse® and ascertain the usability of the Cognuse® program from the perspective of eight study participants. Methods: Stroke survivors in two community support groups and personal contact referrals were provided a research flyer and study synopsis, including background and study participation explanation. Eight stroke survivors agreed to take part in study. Each participant completed a depression and cognitive scale, three weeks of online computer exercises assigned by the PI, then a post-exercise depression and cognitive scale and a usability survey. Results: Recruitment was difficult; the proposed number (8-10) of stroke survivors was successfully fulfilled over a 6 month time period. Of the eight consented subjects, seven completed the study with one lost to follow-up. Pre- and -post depression and cognitive scales were compared and analyzed. Half of the participants showed a small increase in cognitive function and showed a significant positive change after completion of the online exercises. Usability of the Cognuse® program was overall perceived in a neutral capacity by the participants and although the subjects liked the idea of the program, it was not as user friendly as expected. Conclusion: Recruitment of community dwelling stroke survivors is feasible for a study using an online computer exercise program to determine emotional health. However, the usability of the selected program was determined to be neutral; participants liked the idea of the program but found there were many limitations. Upon completion of the three week online exercises, subjects showed an increase in cognitive function and slight decrease in depressive symptoms, illustrating a possible link between cognitive function and depression.
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Picton, Hannah Kathryn. "Post-stroke depression (PSD) and post-stroke emotional liability (PSEL) : a systematic review of non-pharmacological interventions for PSD, and a qualitative study of specialist professionals' conceptualisation of PSEL." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/9760.
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Aims: a review of the literature on non-pharmacological interventions for post-stroke depression (PSD) was completed with the aim of examining issues regarding the design and methodology of trials for non-pharmacological interventions for PSD. The empirical research study used a constructivist Grounded Theory approach to explore specialist stroke professionals' conceptualisations of post-stroke emotional lability (PSEL). The author also aimed to examine how staff experienced, understood and identified PSEL in clinical practice, and particularly how they differentiated it from PSD. Method: A systematic review of RCT and non-RCT studies was conducted to address the first aim. In relation to the second aim, a qualitative investigation of specialist professionals' conceptualisations of PSEL was conducted using Charmaz' (2006) version of constructivist Grounded Theory. Results: The systematic review highlighted the importance of appropriate sampling methods, multiple treatment design, rigorous data collection, the implementation and monitoring of interventions, assessment of participant suitability for the intervention, and issues related to long-term sustainability (follow-up) when designing and evaluating non-pharmacological interventions for PSD. The qualitative investigation yielded a conceptual model of how specialist professionals conceptualise and identify PSEL in their clinical practice. Conclusions and implications: The findings from the systematic review and the qualitative investigation highlighted a range of issues for specialist stroke services. The systematic review emphasised the importance of further evaluation and consideration of carefully planned randomised controlled trials for investigating non-pharmacological interventions for PSD. The qualitative study indicated a need for further guidance on the assessment and identification of PSEL, training for staff, and further examination of the caused of PSEL.
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Harlacher, Jason E. "Social and emotional learning as a universal level of support : evaluating the follow-up effect of Strong Kids on social and emotional outcomes /." Connect to title online (Scholars' Bank) Connect to title online (ProQuest), 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10225.
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Harlacher, Jason E. 1977. "Social and emotional learning as a universal level of support: Evaluating the follow-up effect of Strong Kids on social and emotional outcomes." Thesis, University of Oregon, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1794/10225.
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xv, 149 p. : ill. A print copy of this thesis is available through the UO Libraries. Search the library catalog for the location and call number.The present study examined the initial and follow-up effect of Strong Kids , a social and emotional learning (SEL) curriculum, among a sample of 106 third and fourth graders. Students were assigned by classroom to either the treatment or wait-list condition, and completed questionnaires on SEL knowledge ( Strong Kids Knowledge test) and perceived use of SEL skills (the Coping Scale, Social and Emotional Assets and Resiliency Scale) across 3 assessment periods (pre-testing, post-testing, and follow-up). The classroom teachers also completed a social functioning questionnaire (the School Social Behavior Scales-2nd edition) on each student at each assessment period. The classroom teachers implemented 12 weekly lessons across a 3-month time period and 1 booster session approximately 1 month after the last lesson. They also promoted generalization of SEL skills by providing praise and pre-correction to students on the SEL skills they were learning. Analyses revealed that the treatment group had greater positive gains across all of the dependent measures from pre-test to post-test. These gains maintained at the 2-month follow-up period, providing preliminary evidence of the preventative quality of SK . The results are discussed within the broader framework of a three-tiered model of support for SEL, and the possibility of using SK as a universal level of support within school.
Committee in charge: Kenneth Merrell, Chairperson, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Robert Horner, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Tary Tobin, Member, Special Education and Clinical Sciences; Lynn Kahle, Outside Member, Marketing
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Davis, Patricia M. A. "Stress, appraisal and coping as predictors of emotional distress in wives of stroke survivors." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 1997. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp04/nq22454.pdf.
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Townend, Ellen. "Beliefs about 'stroke' and 'its effects' : a study of their association with emotional distress." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2005. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/30852.
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This thesis was developed using cognitive theory, past research on emotional adaptation to disability and observations from piloting. It aimed to describe emotional distress and a set of beliefs in ‘stroke’ and ‘its effects’, and to longitudinally investigate associations between specific beliefs and distress, taking into account relevant background variables. In addition to incorporate an open-ended approach for further exploration of beliefs relevant to emotional distress and disorder. A consecutive series of 89 patients, without severe cognitive or communication impairment, were interviewed one month (baseline) after admission to a stroke unit and 81 were interviewed again at nine months (follow-up). Distress was measured using global Hospital Anxiety and Depression scale scores. Specific beliefs in stroke and ‘its effects’ investigated were: Attributions (Causal controllability, ‘Why me?’, ‘Found meaning?’); Negative self-evaluations (Acceptance of disability, Negative identity change, Shame); Beliefs in recovery and recurrence (Recovery locus of control, Confidence in recovery, Recurrence fear). Background variables measured were: Demographics, Stroke severity, disability, Pre-stroke depression, Social support and Life events. The DSMIV structured clinical interview (SCID) was used to assess depressive disorder (major or minor) and common anxiety disorders (generalised anxiety disorder, agoraphobia, social phobia, post traumatic stress disorder) and as a means for exploring relevant beliefs. A qualitative interview was used to explore patients’ own experiences and main concerns. Significant associates were found between distress and most belief variables at baseline, follow-up and across time. Backward linear regression analyses for distress were used to study belief variables taking background variables into account. At baseline and follow-up these analyses supported the statistical significance of negative self-evaluative beliefs and recurrence fear in association with distress. Across time, a role for causal controllability and acceptance of disability was supported. However, these results also highlighted the pervasive influence of a pre-stroke history of depression and of initial distress levels across time. The SCID interview identified that many patients met criteria for depressive disorder (33% at one and 30% at nine months) or anxiety disorder (35% at one and 33% at nine months) but also yielded information regarding specific stroke-related beliefs relevant to distress versus adaptation. The qualitative interview provided insight into patients’ idiosyncratic concerns. This extended the main findings, for example, by illustrating the varied nature of recurrence fear beliefs and highlighting individuals’ needs to give as well as receive social support.
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Partridge, C. J. "Cognitions and emotions as predictors of recovery in conditions involving physical disability." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1985. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1349789/.
Full textAbstract:
Patients with conditions involving physical disability vary considerably in the course of their recovery. Initial severity as judged by clinical examination is the usual baseline for predicting eventual outcome but considerable variability has been observed in the process of recovery in patients with conditions of similar initial severity. Recognizing the many potential influences on the process of recovery, medical, personal, environmental and social, this study investigated psychological factors as predictors of different aspects of recovery. The hypotheses tested were that cognitions, such as the patients' perceptions of their condition and its implications for them, their perceptions about their control over their own recovery, the attributions made about their condition and events in their recovery, the ways in which they coped with the problems imposed by their condition and their emotional responses, would be more reliable predictors of different aspects of recovery from physical disability than initial clinical severity. Physical disability was conceptualized at two levels, as restriction in the performance of movements and restriction in the performance of functions and activities. The investigation was undertaken in four stages. Early exploratory work of the first two stages studied over 100 patients with physical disability during the process of their recovery, by observation, semi-structured interviews and videorecording. In the third stage methods of measurement of clinical indices of the selected conditions were developed and tested with the study population. Psychometric methods were also tested and where necessary developed. In the fourth stage hypotheses about the relationships between clinical indices and psychological factors were tested with 40 subjects with physical disability, 20 with stroke, 20 with a wrist fracture. There was considerable support for the overall hypothesis that psychological factors would be reliable predictors of different aspects of recovery. Initial clinical severity was a poor predictor of outcome in terms of performance of movements and functions, and individual perceptions of severity of condition showed little relationship to objective measurements of severity. Perceptions of personal control over recovery were associated with more effective recovery in terms of performance, and general level of raised emotional response with some less effective levels of performance. These results need to be re-examined using larger groups of subjects, and including those with other conditions involving physical disability to find if results can be generalized. The results provide information about factors influencing the process of recovery from conditions involving physical disability.
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Schinkmann, Uli [Verfasser]. "Einfluss verschiedener manueller Bedienmodi auf den klassischen und emotionalen Stroop-Test in der computerisierten Form / Uli Schinkmann." Ulm : Universität Ulm. Medizinische Fakultät, 2014. http://d-nb.info/1046890034/34.
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Forsling, Anna, and Isabel Olofsson. "Effekter av emotionellt innehåll i språk hos tvåspråkiga : En experimentell studie med emotionell Stroop av svensk-engelsktalande." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för psykologi, 2016. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-130434.
Full textAbstract:
Emotionellt innehåll i språk hos tvåspråkiga har tidigare undersökts genom exempelvis minnesstudier och fysiologiska mätningar, med motstridiga resultat gällande hur det emotionella innehållet i de olika språken gestaltar sig. I föreliggande studie användes emotionell Stroop för att jämföra processande av emotionsord på första- respektive andraspråket (svenska och engelska) hos 40 tvåspråkiga universitetsutbildade med hög skicklighet i sitt andraspråk. Enbart ett fåtal studier inom ämnet har använt emotionell Stroop, vilket är ett verktyg för att undersöka selektiv uppmärksamhet vid presentation av emotionellt laddade ord jämfört med neutrala ord. I föreliggande studie användes neutrala och negativa ord på svenska och engelska. Resultatet visade ingen skillnad i interferens mellan ordtyperna, men en signifikant effekt av språk återfanns. Deltagarna blev signifikant mer distraherade när orden presenterades på förstaspråket. Resultatet kan förstås utifrån språkrelaterade egenskaper hos urvalsgruppen, och pekar på att språkdominans samt vid vilken ålder språk förvärvats är två viktiga faktorer för förståelsen av detta forskningsfält.Emotional content of language in bilinguals has previously been studied through, for example, memory studies and physiological measures, with contradictory results regarding how the emotional content of the different languages appear. In this study emotional Stroop was used to compare processing of emotion words in the first and second language (Swedish and English) in 40 university-educated late bilinguals with proficient knowledge of their second language. Only a few studies within this field have used emotional Stroop, which is an instrument measuring selective attention when presenting emotion-laden words compared to neutral words. Negative words in Swedish and English were used in this study. The result showed no difference in interference between the word types, but a significant effect for language was found. The participants were significantly more distracted when the words were presented in their first language. These results could be explained by characteristics of the sample related to language, and suggest that language dominance and age of acquisition are two important factors for the understanding of this field of research.