Journal articles on the topic 'Emotional processing'
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Reyes-Aguilar, Azalea, and Fernando A. Barrios. "A Preliminary Study of Sex Differences in Emotional Experience." Psychological Reports 118, no. 2 (April 2016): 337–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294116633350.
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Evolutionary approaches have proposed that women possess an advantage over men in emotional functioning to promote attachment for child-rearing. Likewise, sex differences have been reported in traits such as personality and empathy, traits that likely modulate emotional processing. In this preliminary study, sex differences in emotional processing were analyzed, including empathy as a social emotion and personality traits, as well as whether there exist relationships between those measures. Young volunteers ( N = 105) indicated the emotional valence, activation, and dominance that they experience in situations categorized as emotionally positive, negative, or neutral. The results of comparison between sexes supported the approach that women showed more sensitivity to high activation and dominance for positive emotions and empathy, and men were more sensitive to negative situations. Correlation analysis showed only one positive relationship between scores of Self-transcendence, a subscale of Temperament and Character Inventory, with activation scores of neutral situations, but not with emotionally charged situations, perhaps because emotions are context-dependent processes while personality traits are considered context-independent descriptions of habits. These findings should be replicated to enrich knowledge about problems in emotional processing.
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Okubo, Chisa, and Toshiki Ogawa. "Unconscious and Conscious Processing of Negative Emotions Examined Through Affective Priming." Psychological Reports 112, no. 2 (April 2013): 607–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.2466/21.07.pr0.112.2.607-625.
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This study investigated unconscious and conscious processes by which negative emotions arise. Participants (26 men, 47 women; M age = 20.3 yr.) evaluated target words that were primed with subliminally or supraliminally presented emotional pictures. Stimulus onset asynchrony was either 200 or 800 msec. With subliminal presentations, reaction times to negative targets were longer than reaction times to positive targets after negative primes for the 200-msec. stimulus onset asynchrony. Reaction times to positive targets after negative or positive primes were shorter when the stimulus onset asynchrony was 800 msec. For supraliminal presentations, reaction times were longer when evaluating targets that followed emotionally opposite primes. When emotional stimuli were consciously distinguished, the evoked emotional states might lead to emotional conflicts, although the qualitatively different effects might be caused when subliminally presented emotion evoking stimulus was appraised unconsciously; that possibility was discussed.
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Cui, Zhongliang, and Jing Liu. "A Study on Two Conditions for the Realization of Artificial Empathy and Its Cognitive Foundation." Philosophies 7, no. 6 (November 29, 2022): 135. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/philosophies7060135.
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The realization of artificial empathy is conditional on the following: on the one hand, human emotions can be recognized by AI and, on the other hand, the emotions presented by artificial intelligence are consistent with human emotions. Faced with these two conditions, what we explored is how to identify emotions, and how to prove that AI has the ability to reflect on emotional consciousness in the process of cognitive processing, In order to explain the first question, this paper argues that emotion identification mainly includes the following three processes: emotional perception, emotional cognition and emotional reflection. It proposes that emotional display mainly includes the following three dimensions: basic emotions, secondary emotions and abstract emotions. On this basis, the paper proposes that the realization of artificial empathy needs to meet the following three cognitive processing capabilities: the integral processing ability of external emotions, the integral processing ability of proprioceptive emotions and the processing ability of integrating internal and external emotions. We are open to whether the second difficulty can be addressed. In order to gain the reflective ability of emotional consciousness for AI, the paper proposes that artificial intelligence should include consistency on identification of external emotions and emotional expression, processing of ontological emotions and external emotions, integration of internal and external emotions and generation of proprioceptive emotions.
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Ohira, Hideki. "Predictive Processing of Interoception, Decision-Making, and Allostasis." Psihologijske teme 29, no. 1 (2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/pt.29.1.1.
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Emotional intelligence is composed of a set of emotional abilities, including recognition of emotional states in the self and others, the use of emotions to guide thoughts and behaviours, and emotion regulation. Previous studies have demonstrated that emotional intelligence is associated with mental health, social problem solving, interpersonal relationship quality, and academic and job performance. Although emotional intelligence has received much interest both in basic research fields and applied and clinical fields, the mechanisms underlying the functions of emotional intelligence remain unclear. The aim of the present article was to consider the mechanisms of emotional intelligence using a computational approach. Recent theories of emotion in psychology and neuroscience have emphasized the importance of predictive processing. It has been proposed that the brain createsinternal models that can provide predictions for sensation and motor movement, and perception and behaviors emerge from Bayesian computations rooted in these predictions. This theoretical framework has been expanded to include interoceptive perception of the internal body to explain affect and decision-making as phenomena based on interoception. This perspective has implications for understanding issues of emotional intelligence.
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Chaudhary, Shefali, Simon Zhornitsky, Herta H. Chao, Christopher H. van Dyck, and Chiang-Shan R. Li. "Emotion Processing Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Behavioral Findings, Systems Neural Correlates, and Underlying Neural Biology." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias® 37 (January 2022): 153331752210828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15333175221082834.
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We described behavioral studies to highlight emotional processing deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The findings suggest prominent deficit in recognizing negative emotions, pronounced effect of positive emotion on enhancing memory, and a critical role of cognitive deficits in manifesting emotional processing dysfunction in AD. We reviewed imaging studies to highlight morphometric and functional markers of hippocampal circuit dysfunction in emotional processing deficits. Despite amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli, hippocampal dysfunction conduces to deficits in emotional memory. Finally, the reviewed studies implicating major neurotransmitter systems in anxiety and depression in AD supported altered cholinergic and noradrenergic signaling in AD emotional disorders. Overall, the studies showed altered emotions early in the course of illness and suggest the need of multimodal imaging for further investigations. Particularly, longitudinal studies with multiple behavioral paradigms translatable between preclinical and clinical models would provide data to elucidate the time course and underlying neurobiology of emotion processing dysfunction in AD.
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Wagenbreth, Kuehne, Voges, Heinze, Galazky, and Zaehle. "Deep Brain Stimulation of the Subthalamic Nucleus Selectively Modulates Emotion Recognition of Facial Stimuli in Parkinson’s Patients." Journal of Clinical Medicine 8, no. 9 (August 28, 2019): 1335. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm8091335.
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: Background: Diminished emotion recognition is a known symptom in Parkinson (PD) patients and subthalamic nucleus deep brain stimulation (STN-DBS) has been shown to further deteriorate the processing of especially negative emotions. While emotion recognition generally refers to both, implicit and explicit processing, demonstrations of DBS-influences on implicit processing are sparse. In the present study, we assessed the impact of STN-DBS on explicit and implicit processing for emotional stimuli. Methods: Under STN-DBS ON and OFF, fourteen PD patients performed an implicit as well as an explicit emotional processing task. To assess implicit emotional processing, patients were tested with a lexical decision task (LTD) combined with an affective priming paradigm, which provides emotional content through the facial eye region. To assess explicit emotional processing, patients additionally explicitly rated the emotional status of eyes and words used in the implicit task. Results: DBS affected explicit emotional processing more than implicit processing with a more pronounced effect on error rates than on reaction speed. STN-DBS generally worsened implicit and explicit processing for disgust stimulus material but improved explicit processing of fear stimuli. Conclusions: This is the first study demonstrating influences of STN-DBS on explicit and implicit emotion processing in PD patients. While STN stimulation impeded the processing of disgust stimuli, it improved explicit discrimination of fear stimuli.
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Castro, L. C., and M. Martins. "Emotional Processing in Eating Disorders." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70974-5.
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Background:Patients with eating disorders are reported to show emotional processing deficits compared to healthy controls.Aim:To study and discuss the role of emotional processing in eating disorders.Methods:Review of the literature.Results:Several studies found a marked impairment in emotional processing in eating disorder patients. These emotion-processing deficits seem to be independent of affective symptoms. Different studies address different concepts as emotional awareness, alexithymia and facial or voice emotional recognition. The emotional processing and functioning of eating disorder patients highly impact their relational styles and behaviour.Discussion:The literature suggests global emotion-processing deficits in eating disorders. The emotion-processing deficits in eating disorder patients may contribute to the poor interpersonal communication, lack of social cognition and lack of empathy frequently seen in these patients. It is extremely important a better understanding of these complex relationships as they can act as maintenance factors of the eating disorder, contributing to social isolation and therapeutic failure. The prognostic implications of these findings, as well as potential therapeutical interventions are topics valuable for future research in this area.
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Förster, Katharina, Marcel Kurtz, Annika Konrad, and Philipp Kanske. "Emotional Reactivity, Emotion Regulation, and Social Emotions in Affective Disorders." Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 51, no. 1 (January 2022): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000648.
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Abstract. Affective disorders, specifically Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorders, show high prevalence, relapse rates, and a high likelihood to develop a chronic course. For the past two decades, research has investigated the neural correlates of emotion processing and emotion regulation in patients with affective disorders. Putative underlying causal mechanisms of dysregulated affect have been informed by knowledge from the intersection of neuroimaging and clinical psychology. More recent investigations also consider processing the role of mostly negative, self-blaming social emotions, which have been linked to treatment resistance and, hence, provide a prolific target for intervention. Several psychotherapeutic treatment approaches already focus on emotion, and here specific knowledge about the mechanisms underlying persistent changes in affect bears the potential to improve the treatment of affective disorders. In this narrative review, we delineate why and how our insights into the neural correlates of emotion processing and regulation can be applied to the treatment of patients with affective disorders.
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Sander, David, and Sylvain Delplanque. "Unconscious emotional processing." Food Quality and Preference 92 (September 2021): 104177. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.foodqual.2021.104177.
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Austin, Elizabeth J. "Emotional intelligence and emotional information processing." Personality and Individual Differences 39, no. 2 (July 2005): 403–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2005.01.017.
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Schönenberg, Michael, Alexander Schneidt, Eva Wiedemann, and Aiste Jusyte. "Processing of Dynamic Affective Information in Adults With ADHD." Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715577992.
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Objective: ADHD has been repeatedly linked to problems in social functioning. Although some theories assume that the emotion recognition deficits are explained by general attentional deficits, mounting evidence suggests that they may actually constitute a distinct impairment. However, it remains unclear whether the deficient processing affects specific emotional categories or may generalize to all basic emotions. The present study aims to investigate these questions by assessing the sensitivity to all six basic emotions in adults with ADHD. Method: The participants judged the emotion onset in animated morph clips displaying facial expressions that slowly changed from neutral to emotional. Results: ADHD participants exhibited an impaired recognition of sad and fearful facial expressions. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that ADHD is possibly associated with a specific deficit in the recognition of facial emotions signaling negative social feedback.
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Satler, Corina, Carlos Uribe, Carlos Conde, Sergio Leme Da-Silva, and Carlos Tomaz. "Emotion Processing for Arousal and Neutral Content in Alzheimer's Disease." International Journal of Alzheimer's Disease 2009 (2009): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.4061/2009/278615.
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Objective. To assess the ability of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients to perceive emotional information and to assign subjective emotional rating scores to audiovisual presentations.Materials and Methods. 24 subjects (14 with AD, matched to controls for age and educational levels) were studied. After neuropsychological assessment, they watched a Neutral story and then a story with Emotional content.Results. Recall scores for both stories were significantly lower in AD (Neutral and Emotional:P=.001). CG assigned different emotional scores for each version of the test,P=.001, while ratings of AD did not differ,P=.32. Linear regression analyses determined the best predictors of emotional rating and recognition memory for each group among neuropsychological tests battery.Conclusions. AD patients show changes in emotional processing on declarative memory and a preserved ability to express emotions in face of arousal content. The present findings suggest that these impairments are due to general cognitive decline.
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Sheppes, Gal, Susanne Scheibe, Gaurav Suri, and James J. Gross. "Emotion-Regulation Choice." Psychological Science 22, no. 11 (September 29, 2011): 1391–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797611418350.
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Despite centuries of speculation about how to manage negative emotions, little is actually known about which emotion-regulation strategies people choose to use when confronted with negative situations of varying intensity. On the basis of a new process conception of emotion regulation, we hypothesized that in low-intensity negative situations, people would show a relative preference to choose to regulate emotions by engagement reappraisal, which allows emotional processing. However, we expected people in high-intensity negative situations to show a relative preference to choose to regulate emotions by disengagement distraction, which blocks emotional processing at an early stage before it gathers force. In three experiments, we created emotional contexts that varied in intensity, using either emotional pictures (Experiments 1 and 2) or unpredictable electric stimulation (Experiment 3). In response to these emotional contexts, participants chose between using either reappraisal or distraction as an emotion-regulation strategy. Results in all experiments supported our hypothesis. This pattern in the choice of emotion-regulation strategies has important implications for the understanding of healthy adaptation.
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KOFF, ELISSA, DEBORAH ZAITCHIK, JOANN MONTEPARE, and MARILYN S. ALBERT. "Emotion processing in the visual and auditory domains by patients with Alzheimer's disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 5, no. 1 (January 1999): 32–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617799511053.
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The ability to process emotional information was assessed in 42 individuals: 23 patients with Alzheimer's disease (AD) and 19 healthy elderly controls. Four tasks assessed the ability to recognize emotion in audiotaped voices, in drawings of emotional situations, and in videotaped vignettes displaying emotions in facial expression, gestures, and body movements. Hemispheric dominance for processing facial expressions of emotions was also examined. There were no consistent group differences in the ability to process emotion presented via the auditory domain (i.e., nonverbal sounds, such as crying or shrieking, and speech prosody). Controls were, however, significantly better than the AD patients in identifying emotions depicted in drawings of emotional situations and in videotaped scenes displaying faces, gestures, and body movements. These differences were maintained after statistically adjusting for the visuospatial abilities of the participants. After a statistical adjustment for abstraction ability, some of the tasks continued to differentiate the groups (e.g., the emotional drawings task, the videotaped displays of faces), but others did not. These results confirm and extend previous results indicating that AD patients do not have a primary deficit in the processing of emotion. They suggest that the difficulties of the AD patients in perceiving emotion are secondary to the cognitive impairments associated with AD. (JINS, 1999, 5, 32–40.)
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Pomarol-Clotet, E., F. Hynes, C. Ashwin, E. T. Bullmore, P. J. McKenna, and K. R. Laws. "Facial emotion processing in schizophrenia: a non-specific neuropsychological deficit?" Psychological Medicine 40, no. 6 (September 24, 2009): 911–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709991309.
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BackgroundIdentification of facial emotions has been found to be impaired in schizophrenia but there are uncertainties about the neuropsychological specificity of the finding.MethodTwenty-two patients with schizophrenia and 20 healthy controls were given tests requiring identification of facial emotion, judgement of the intensity of emotional expressions without identification, familiar face recognition and the Benton Facial Recognition Test (BFRT). The schizophrenia patients were selected to be relatively intellectually preserved.ResultsThe patients with schizophrenia showed no deficit in identifying facial emotion, although they were slower than the controls. They were, however, impaired on judging the intensity of emotional expression without identification. They showed impairment in recognizing familiar faces but not on the BFRT.ConclusionsWhen steps are taken to reduce the effects of general intellectual impairment, there is no deficit in identifying facial emotions in schizophrenia. There may, however, be a deficit in judging emotional intensity. The impairment found in naming familiar faces is consistent with other evidence of semantic memory impairment in the disorder.
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Liebold, Benny, René Richter, Michael Teichmann, Fred H. Hamker, and Peter Ohler. "Human Capacities for Emotion Recognition and their Implications for Computer Vision." i-com 14, no. 2 (August 1, 2015): 126–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/icom-2015-0032.
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AbstractCurrent models for automated emotion recognition are developed under the assumption that emotion expressions are distinct expression patterns for basic emotions. Thereby, these approaches fail to account for the emotional processes underlying emotion expressions. We review the literature on human emotion processing and suggest an alternative approach to affective computing. We postulate that the generalizability and robustness of these models can be greatly increased by three major steps: (1) modeling emotional processes as a necessary foundation of emotion recognition; (2) basing models of emotional processes on our knowledge about the human brain; (3) conceptualizing emotions based on appraisal processes and thus regarding emotion expressions as expressive behavior linked to these appraisals rather than fixed neuro-motor patterns. Since modeling emotional processes after neurobiological processes can be considered a long-term effort, we suggest that researchers should focus on early appraisals, which evaluate intrinsic stimulus properties with little higher cortical involvement. With this goal in mind, we focus on the amygdala and its neural connectivity pattern as a promising structure for early emotional processing. We derive a model for the amygdala-visual cortex circuit from the current state of neuroscientific research. This model is capable of conditioning visual stimuli with body reactions to enable rapid emotional processing of stimuli consistent with early stages of psychological appraisal theories. Additionally, amygdala activity can feed back to visual areas to modulate attention allocation according to the emotional relevance of a stimulus. The implications of the model considering other approaches to automated emotion recognition are discussed.
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Ye, Wei. "The Atypical Emotional Processing in Bipolar Disorder and Relevant Interventions." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4244.
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Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) demonstrate impaired functioning including cognitive deficits, neurological damage, and psychosocial dysfunction. Atypical emotional processing, the lack of normal functioning in identifying human emotions, is one of the most significant impairments observed in individuals with BD. Such abnormal emotional processing has different causes. Deficits in emotion perception and recognition can contribute to the impaired social functioning in separation or in combination, which can further impede social functioning. Both facial emotion recognition deficits (FERD) and alexithymia are proven to be powerful predictors of BD development. Relevant interventions including Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Children (MBCT-C), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Positive emotion regulation (PRE) intervention are verified to be effective in treatment for BD patients with deficits in emotional processing. By examining recent literature, this review encapsulates the relationships between atypical emotion recognition and perception and impaired social functioning, the relationship between deficits in emotional processing and BD symptoms, and efficacy of the interventions focusing on mindfulness, presenting a more comprehensive understanding in this area. It can provide some guidance to the prevention and intervention studies and practices for at-risk adolescents.
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Alvandi, Ebrahim Oshni. "Emotions and Information Processing." International Journal of Synthetic Emotions 2, no. 1 (January 2011): 1–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jse.2011010101.
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An animate system standing in nature and trying to investigate its surroundings for different purposes does a type of cognitive processing. Emotions as mental states are leading human cognitive features that attract life by interactions processed in the world. This paper examines how this cognitive feature process works. By researching history and theories related to emotions and their generation, it becomes clear that information processing is discussed as a tool for their processes. Three different styles of information processing are evaluated for emotional processes. The pragmatic notion of information processing fits as a processing tool in modeling emotions and artificial emotions and explains the emotional process.
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Farrell, Anne M., Joshua O. Goh, and Brian J. White. "The Effect of Performance-Based Incentive Contracts on System 1 and System 2 Processing in Affective Decision Contexts: fMRI and Behavioral Evidence." Accounting Review 89, no. 6 (July 1, 2014): 1979–2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2308/accr-50852.
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ABSTRACT Managers may rely on emotional reactions to a setting to the detriment of economic considerations (“System 1 processing”), resulting in decisions that are costly for firms. While economic theory prescribes performance-based incentives to align goals and induce effort, psychology theory suggests that the salience of emotions is difficult to overcome without also inducing more deliberate consideration of both emotional and economic factors (“System 2 processing”). We link these perspectives by investigating whether performance-based incentives mitigate the costly influence of emotion by inducing more System 2 processing. Using functional magnetic resonance imaging and traditional experiments, we investigate managers' brain activity and choices under fixed wage and performance-based contracts. Under both, brain regions associated with System 1 processing are more active when emotion is present. Relative to fixed wage contracts, performance-based contracts induce System 2 processing in emotional contexts beyond that observed absent emotion, and decrease the proportion of economically costly choices. Data Availability: Contact the authors.
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Carelli, Laura, Federica Solca, Sofia Tagini, Silvia Torre, Federico Verde, Nicola Ticozzi, Monica Consonni, et al. "Emotional Processing and Experience in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Systematic and Critical Review." Brain Sciences 11, no. 10 (October 15, 2021): 1356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci11101356.
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Even though increasing literature describes changes in emotional processing in Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis (ALS), efforts to summarize relevant findings are lacking in the field. A systematic literature review was performed to provide a critical and up-to-date account of emotional abilities in ALS. References were identified by searches of PubMed, Web of Science and Scopus (1980–2021, English literature), with the following key terms: (“Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis” or “Primary Lateral Sclerosis” or “Motor Neuron”) and “Emotion*” and (“Processing” or “Attribution” or “Elaboration” or “Perception” or “Recognition”). Studies concerning only caregivers, pseudobulbar affect, and social cognition were excluded. Forty-one articles were included, all concerning ALS, and seven topics were identified: Emotion recognition, Emotional responsiveness, Emotional reactivity, Faces approachability rating, Valence rating, Memory for emotional materials and Alexithymia. The majority of these aspects have only been sparsely addressed. The evidence confirms altered emotional processing in ALS. The most consistent findings regard the recognition of facial expressions for negative emotions, but also alterations in the subjective responsiveness to emotional stimuli (arousal, valence and approachability), in psychophysiological and cerebral reactivity and in emotional memory, together with alexithymia traits, were reported. According to this evidence, emotional abilities should be included in the clinical assessment and therapeutic interventions.
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Sorinas, Jennifer, Juan C. Fernandez-Troyano, Jose Manuel Ferrandez, and Eduardo Fernandez. "Cortical Asymmetries and Connectivity Patterns in the Valence Dimension of the Emotional Brain." International Journal of Neural Systems 30, no. 05 (April 9, 2020): 2050021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065720500215.
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Understanding the neurophysiology of emotions, the neuronal structures involved in processing emotional information and the circuits by which they act, is key to designing applications in the field of affective neuroscience, to advance both new treatments and applications of brain–computer interactions. However, efforts have focused on developing computational models capable of emotion classification instead of on studying the neural substrates involved in the emotional process. In this context, we have carried out a study of cortical asymmetries and functional cortical connectivity based on the electroencephalographic signal of 24 subjects stimulated with videos of positive and negative emotional content to bring some light to the neurobiology behind emotional processes. Our results show opposite interhemispheric asymmetry patterns throughout the cortex for both emotional categories and specific connectivity patterns regarding each of the studied emotional categories. However, in general, the same key areas, such as the right hemisphere and more anterior cortical regions, presented higher levels of activity during the processing of both valence emotional categories. These results suggest a common neural pathway for processing positive and negative emotions, but with different activation patterns. These preliminary results are encouraging for elucidating the neuronal circuits of the emotional valence dimension.
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Szczygieł, Dorota, Jacek Buczny, and Róża Bazińska. "Emotion regulation and emotional information processing: The moderating effect of emotional awareness." Personality and Individual Differences 52, no. 3 (February 2012): 433–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.11.005.
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Mishra, Sudhakar, Narayanan Srinivasan, and Uma Shanker Tiwary. "Dynamic Functional Connectivity of Emotion Processing in Beta Band with Naturalistic Emotion Stimuli." Brain Sciences 12, no. 8 (August 19, 2022): 1106. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12081106.
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While naturalistic stimuli, such as movies, better represent the complexity of the real world and are perhaps crucial to understanding the dynamics of emotion processing, there is limited research on emotions with naturalistic stimuli. There is a need to understand the temporal dynamics of emotion processing and their relationship to different dimensions of emotion experience. In addition, there is a need to understand the dynamics of functional connectivity underlying different emotional experiences that occur during or prior to such experiences. To address these questions, we recorded the EEG of participants and asked them to mark the temporal location of their emotional experience as they watched a video. We also obtained self-assessment ratings for emotional multimedia stimuli. We calculated dynamic functional the connectivity (DFC) patterns in all the frequency bands, including information about hubs in the network. The change in functional networks was quantified in terms of temporal variability, which was then used in regression analysis to evaluate whether temporal variability in DFC (tvDFC) could predict different dimensions of emotional experience. We observed that the connectivity patterns in the upper beta band could differentiate emotion categories better during or prior to the reported emotional experience. The temporal variability in functional connectivity dynamics is primarily related to emotional arousal followed by dominance. The hubs in the functional networks were found across the right frontal and bilateral parietal lobes, which have been reported to facilitate affect, interoception, action, and memory-related processing. Since our study was performed with naturalistic real-life resembling emotional videos, the study contributes significantly to understanding the dynamics of emotion processing. The results support constructivist theories of emotional experience and show that changes in dynamic functional connectivity can predict aspects of our emotional experience.
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Fellner, Angela N., Gerald Matthews, Gregory J. Funke, Amanda K. Emo, Moshe Zeidner, Juan Carlos Pérez-González, and Richard D. Roberts. "The Effects of Emotional Intelligence on Visual Search of Emotional Stimuli and Emotion Identification." Proceedings of the Human Factors and Ergonomics Society Annual Meeting 51, no. 14 (October 2007): 845–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/154193120705101402.
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Emotional intelligence (EI) refers to competencies in processing and managing emotion that may be important in security settings; facial emotions may betray criminals and terrorists. This study tested the hypothesis that high EI relates to superior detection and processing of facial emotion, in relation to two tasks: controlled visual search for designated facial emotions, and identification of micro-expressions of emotion. Participants completed scales for EI, as well as cognitive intelligence, personality, and coping. EI failed to predict performance on either task, contrary to the initial hypothesis. However, performance related to higher cognitive intelligence, the personality trait of openness, and use of task-focused coping. These measures related to faster visual search, and to greater accuracy in detecting facial micro-expressions. Practical considerations suggest selecting security agents who are high in conventional rather than emotional intelligence, and training use of task-focused coping. However, EI may be useful for selecting stress-tolerant agents.
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Vos, Silke, Olivier Collignon, and Bart Boets. "The Sound of Emotion: Pinpointing Emotional Voice Processing Via Frequency Tagging EEG." Brain Sciences 13, no. 2 (January 18, 2023): 162. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci13020162.
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Successfully engaging in social communication requires efficient processing of subtle socio-communicative cues. Voices convey a wealth of social information, such as gender, identity, and the emotional state of the speaker. We tested whether our brain can systematically and automatically differentiate and track a periodic stream of emotional utterances among a series of neutral vocal utterances. We recorded frequency-tagged EEG responses of 20 neurotypical male adults while presenting streams of neutral utterances at a 4 Hz base rate, interleaved with emotional utterances every third stimulus, hence at a 1.333 Hz oddball frequency. Four emotions (happy, sad, angry, and fear) were presented as different conditions in different streams. To control the impact of low-level acoustic cues, we maximized variability among the stimuli and included a control condition with scrambled utterances. This scrambling preserves low-level acoustic characteristics but ensures that the emotional character is no longer recognizable. Results revealed significant oddball EEG responses for all conditions, indicating that every emotion category can be discriminated from the neutral stimuli, and every emotional oddball response was significantly higher than the response for the scrambled utterances. These findings demonstrate that emotion discrimination is fast, automatic, and is not merely driven by low-level perceptual features. Eventually, here, we present a new database for vocal emotion research with short emotional utterances (EVID) together with an innovative frequency-tagging EEG paradigm for implicit vocal emotion discrimination.
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Santos, Isabel M., Pedro Bem-Haja, André Silva, Catarina Rosa, Diâner F. Queiroz, Miguel F. Alves, Talles Barroso, Luíza Cerri, and Carlos F. Silva. "The Interplay between Chronotype and Emotion Regulation in the Recognition of Facial Expressions of Emotion." Behavioral Sciences 13, no. 1 (December 31, 2022): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/bs13010038.
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Emotion regulation strategies affect the experience and processing of emotions and emotional stimuli. Chronotype has also been shown to influence the processing of emotional stimuli, with late chronotypes showing a bias towards better processing of negative stimuli. Additionally, greater eveningness has been associated with increased difficulties in emotion regulation and preferential use of expressive suppression strategies. Therefore, the present study aimed to understand the interplay between chronotype and emotion regulation on the recognition of dynamic facial expressions of emotion. To that end, 287 participants answered self-report measures and performed an online facial emotion recognition task from short video clips where a neutral face gradually morphed into a full-emotion expression (one of the six basic emotions). Participants should press the spacebar to stop each video as soon as they could recognize the emotional expression, and then identify it from six provided labels/emotions. Greater eveningness was associated with shorter response times (RT) in the identification of sadness, disgust and happiness. Higher scores of expressive suppression were associated with longer RT in identifying sadness, disgust, anger and surprise. Expressive suppression significantly moderated the relationship between chronotype and the recognition of sadness and anger, with chronotype being a significant predictor of emotion recognition times only at higher levels of expressive suppression. No significant effects were observed for cognitive reappraisal. These results are consistent with a negative bias in emotion processing in late chronotypes and increased difficulty in anger and sadness recognition for expressive suppressor morning-types.
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Sim, Eun-Jim, Marcel Harpaintner, and Markus Kiefer. "Is subliminal face processing modulated by attentional task sets? Evidence from masked priming effects in a gender decision task." Open Psychology 2, no. 1 (March 13, 2020): 76–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/psych-2020-0006.
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AbstractUnlike classical theories of automaticity, refined theories suggest that unconscious automatic processes depend on cognitive control settings. Cognitive control influences on unconscious word and object processing are well documented, but corresponding findings in the field of face processing are heterogeneous. The present study therefore investigated, whether subliminal face priming in a gender categorization task is susceptible to feature-specific attention. Participants performed a gender decision task by orthogonally varying gender congruency (prime-target: same vs. different gender) and emotion congruency (prime-target: same vs. different emotional facial expression) using a masked priming paradigm. Perceptual vs. emotional induction tasks, performed prior to prime presentation, served to activate corresponding attentional task sets. Subliminal gender priming (faster reactions to gender-congruent primes) differed as a function of induction task and emotional congruency. Following perceptual induction, gender priming was only obtained in the emotionally congruent condition, whereas following emotional induction gender priming was observed independently of emotional congruency. In line with the classical notion of automaticity, subliminal gender priming did not depend on a specific attentional focus. However, attention to shape facilitated subliminal processing of task-irrelevant emotional facial expressions. Most likely, mutual facilitation of emotionally congruent prime and target representations enhanced gender priming compared with emotionally incongruent pairings.
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Izen, Sarah C., Hannah E. Lapp, Daniel A. Harris, Richard G. Hunter, and Vivian M. Ciaramitaro. "Seeing a Face in a Crowd of Emotional Voices: Changes in Perception and Cortisol in Response to Emotional Information across the Senses." Brain Sciences 9, no. 8 (July 25, 2019): 176. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci9080176.
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One source of information we glean from everyday experience, which guides social interaction, is assessing the emotional state of others. Emotional state can be expressed through several modalities: body posture or movements, body odor, touch, facial expression, or the intonation in a voice. Much research has examined emotional processing within one sensory modality or the transfer of emotional processing from one modality to another. Yet, less is known regarding interactions across different modalities when perceiving emotions, despite our common experience of seeing emotion in a face while hearing the corresponding emotion in a voice. Our study examined if visual and auditory emotions of matched valence (congruent) conferred stronger perceptual and physiological effects compared to visual and auditory emotions of unmatched valence (incongruent). We quantified how exposure to emotional faces and/or voices altered perception using psychophysics and how it altered a physiological proxy for stress or arousal using salivary cortisol. While we found no significant advantage of congruent over incongruent emotions, we found that changes in cortisol were associated with perceptual changes. Following exposure to negative emotional content, larger decreases in cortisol, indicative of less stress, correlated with more positive perceptual after-effects, indicative of stronger biases to see neutral faces as happier.
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Manne, Sharon L., Shannon Myers-Virtue, Katie Darabos, Melissa Ozga, Carolyn Heckman, David Kissane, and David Rotter. "Emotional processing during psychotherapy among women newly diagnosed with a gynecological cancer." Palliative and Supportive Care 15, no. 4 (December 14, 2016): 405–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951516000845.
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AbstractObjective:Our aim was to compare changes in emotional processing by women newly diagnosed with gynecological cancer enrolled in either a coping and communication skills intervention (CCI) or a supportive counseling (SC) intervention. We examined the association between in-session emotional processing and patient-rated therapeutic progress.Method:Three therapy sessions with 201 patients were rated for the depth of emotional processing (peak and mode) during emotion episodes (EEs) using the Experiencing Rating Scale (EXP). Participants completed measures of dispositional emotional expressivity, depressive symptoms, and cancer-related distress before treatment began, as well as ratings of perceived progress in therapy after each session.Results:Peak EXP ratings averaged between 2.7 and 3.1, indicating that women discussed events, their emotional reactions, and their private experiences in sessions. A small proportion of patients had high levels of processing, indicating deeper exploration of the meaning of their feelings and experiences. Women in SC were able to achieve a higher level of emotional processing during the middle and later sessions, and during cancer-related EEs in the later session. However, emotional processing was not significantly associated with a patient's perceived therapeutic progress with SC. In the CCI group, higher levels of emotional processing were associated with greater session progress, suggesting that it may play an important role in patient-rated treatment outcomes.Significance of results:Newly diagnosed gynecological cancer patients are able to attend to their emotions and personal experiences, particularly when discussing cancer-related issues during both short-term SC and prescriptive coping skills interventions.
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Virtue, Shannon Myers, Sharon L. Manne, Kevin Criswell, David Kissane, Carolyn J. Heckman, and David Rotter. "Levels of emotional awareness during psychotherapy among gynecologic cancer patients." Palliative and Supportive Care 17, no. 1 (June 8, 2018): 87–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1478951518000263.
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AbstractObjectiveEmotional awareness is the ability to recognize, describe, and attend to emotions. A known correlate is emotional processing, the ability to orient to and use inner experiences for information. The goal was to examine emotional awareness during therapy among gynecologic cancer patients, identify baseline predictors, and explore the relationship between in-session emotional awareness and processing.MethodPsychotherapy and baseline data from a randomized controlled trial comparing a supportive counseling (SC) intervention and a cognitive-behavioral coping and communication (CCI) intervention were used. The sample was patients with gynecologic cancers randomized to either therapy (N = 246). Emotion episode transcripts from the first, middle, and sixth of seven in-person sessions were coded for emotional awareness using the Program for Open-Ended Scoring and emotional processing using the Experiencing Scale. Descriptive and regression analyses were conducted.ResultParticipants had moderate in-session emotional awareness. SC participants exhibited higher levels of awareness in the first (p < 0.001) and sixth (p = 0.002) sessions than CCI participants. Awareness was positively correlated with emotional processing in the first and sixth SC sessions (r = 0.25 and 0.24, respectively) and all CCI sessions (r = 0.29–0.31). Baseline negative emotion expression was associated with awareness during the sixth SC session. Baseline cancer-specific distress was associated with awareness during the sixth CCI session.Significance of resultsSC may facilitate emotional awareness. Greater emotional awareness in therapy may facilitate emotional processing, which is an important component of most psychotherapies. Patients who are psychologically distressed may exhibit more awareness than others. Similarly, greater emotional awareness may signal greater patient distress.
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Kohler, Christian G., and Elizabeth A. Martin. "Emotional processing in schizophrenia." Cognitive Neuropsychiatry 11, no. 3 (May 2006): 250–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/13546800500188575.
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Nathan, Pradeep J., Andrew H. Kemp, and Ben J. Harrison. "Antidepressants and Emotional Processing." Neuropsychopharmacology 28, no. 7 (March 12, 2003): 1383. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300196.
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Harmer, C. J., P. J. Cowen, and G. M. Goodwin. "Antidepressants and Emotional Processing." Neuropsychopharmacology 28, no. 7 (March 12, 2003): 1384–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/sj.npp.1300198.
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Tempesta, Daniela, Valentina Socci, Luigi De Gennaro, and Michele Ferrara. "Sleep and emotional processing." Sleep Medicine Reviews 40 (August 2018): 183–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.smrv.2017.12.005.
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Baker, Roger, Jane Holloway, Peter W. Thomas, Sarah Thomas, and Matthew Owens. "Emotional processing and panic." Behaviour Research and Therapy 42, no. 11 (November 2004): 1271–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2003.09.002.
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Wolf, Erika J., Mark W. Miller, and Ann E. McKinney. "Emotional Processing in PTSD." Journal of Nervous and Mental Disease 197, no. 6 (June 2009): 419–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/nmd.0b013e3181a61c68.
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Donges, Uta-Susan, and Thomas Suslow. "Alexithymia and automatic processing of emotional stimuli: a systematic review." Reviews in the Neurosciences 28, no. 3 (April 1, 2017): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2016-0049.
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AbstractAlexithymia is a personality trait characterized by difficulties in recognizing and verbalizing emotions and the utilization of a cognitive style that is oriented toward external events, rather than intrapsychic experiences. Alexithymia is considered a vulnerability factor influencing onset and course of many psychiatric disorders. Even though emotions are, in general, elicited involuntarily and emerge without conscious effort, it is surprising that little attention in etiological considerations concerning alexithymia has been given to deficits in automatic emotion processing and their neurobiological bases. In this article, results from studies using behavioral or neurobiological research methods were systematically reviewed in which automatic processing of external emotional information was investigated as a function of alexithymia in healthy individuals. Twenty-two studies were identified through a literature search of Psycinfo, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from 1990 to 2016. The review reveals deficits in the automatic processing of emotional stimuli in alexithymia at a behavioral and neurobiological level. The vast majority of the reviewed studies examined visual processing. The alexithymia facets externally oriented thinking and difficulties identifying feelings were found to be related to impairments in the automatic processing of threat-related facial expressions. Alexithymic individuals manifest low reactivity to barely visible negative emotional stimuli in brain regions responsible for appraisal, encoding, and affective response, e.g. amygdala, occipitotemporal areas, and insula. Against this background, it appears plausible to assume that deficits in automatic emotion processing could be factors contributing to alexithymic personality characteristics. Directions for future research on alexithymia and automatic emotion perception are suggested.
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Davou, Bettina. "Interaction of Emotion and Cognition in the Processing of Textual Material." Meta 52, no. 1 (March 12, 2007): 37–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/014718ar.
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Abstract Cognitive psychology and cognitive science have only recently come to acknowledge that human beings are not “pure” cognitive systems, and that emotions may be more than simply another form of cognition. This paper presents recent theoretical issues on the interaction of cognition with emotion, drawing on findings from evolutionary, neurobiological and cognitive research. These findings indicate that emotions have a fundamental and, often, universal importance for human cognitive functioning. Advanced cognitive processing, such as the processing required for text comprehension and translation, most of the time follows after a first, primary appraisal of the emotional impact of the information on the reader. This type of appraisal is momentary, non-conscious and non-cognitive, and is carried out by some system in the organism that functions with its own distinctive rules, different from those of the cognitive system. Emotional appraisal of the information sets the mode in which the organism (including its cognitive processes) will operate. Evidence suggests that negative emotions can instantly and non-consciously increase processing effort and time and decrease cognitive capacity, while on the other hand, positive emotions generally increase cognitive resources and expand attention and creativity. This implies that both cognitive processing of textual information, as well as its outcome, are influenced not only by the interpreters cognitive skill or by the emotional features of the text per se (the emotional impact that the writer has attempted to generate), but also (and perhaps most importantly) by the subjective emotional significance that the information has for each individual interpreter.
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Westermann, Stefan, Frieder M. Paulus, Laura Müller-Pinzler, and Sören Krach. "Elaborative encoding during REM dreaming as prospective emotion regulation." Behavioral and Brain Sciences 36, no. 6 (November 21, 2013): 631–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0140525x13001465.
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AbstractRapid eye movement (REM) dreaming results in “emotionally intelligent encoding,” according to the target article. Building on this, we argue that elaborative encoding alters emotional processing of upcoming events and thereby functions as prospective emotion regulation. After elaborative encoding, future events are appraised differently and result in a redirected emotional response. Disturbed elaborative encoding might be relevant for emotional dysregulation in psychopathology.
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Xiao, Zhongzhe, Emmanuel Dellandrea, Weibei Dou, and Liming Chen. "Classification of Emotional Speech Based on an Automatically Elaborated Hierarchical Classifier." ISRN Signal Processing 2011 (February 20, 2011): 1–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2011/753819.
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Current machine-based techniques for vocal emotion recognition only consider a finite number of clearly labeled emotional classes whereas the kinds of emotional classes and their number are typically application dependent. Previous studies have shown that multistage classification scheme, because of ambiguous nature of affect classes, helps to improve emotion classification accuracy. However, these multistage classification schemes were manually elaborated by taking into account the underlying emotional classes to be discriminated. In this paper, we propose an automatically elaborated hierarchical classification scheme (ACS), which is driven by an evidence theory-based embedded feature-selection scheme (ESFS), for the purpose of application-dependent emotions' recognition. Experimented on the Berlin dataset with 68 features and six emotion states, this automatically elaborated hierarchical classifier (ACS) showed its effectiveness, displaying a 71.38% classification accuracy rate compared to a 71.52% classification rate achieved by our previously dimensional model-driven but still manually elaborated multistage classifier (DEC). Using the DES dataset with five emotion states, our ACS achieved a 76.74% recognition rate compared to a 81.22% accuracy rate displayed by a manually elaborated multistage classification scheme (DEC).
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Silva, Rogeria Cristina Rangel da, Raquel Luíza Santos de Carvalho, and Marcia Cristina Nascimento Dourado. "Deficits in emotion processing in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 15, no. 3 (September 2021): 314–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-030003.
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ABSTRACT Emotional processing involves the ability of the individual to infer emotional information. There is no consensus about how Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects emotional processing. Objective: Our aim is to systematically review the impact of AD on emotion processing. Methods: We conducted a search based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The literature search was performed using the electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed) and Science Citation Index (Institute for Scientific Information [ISI]). The following descriptors were used in the review process: emotion or emotional processing, cognition or cognitive functions, and Alzheimer disease or Alzheimer’s disease. This systematic review was recorded in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD42018115891. Results: We identified 425 articles, 19 of which met our criteria. Visual emotional stimuli were the most used among studies. Most studies used tasks of emotional naming, discrimination, identification, and correspondence. The results were contradictory. Many studies reported that individuals with AD were impaired on emotional perception tasks, while other results reported preserved skills. The relationship between emotional processing and cognition is also unclear. Some studies suggested that general cognitive performance affects performance in emotional perception tasks among people with AD, but other studies have shown deficits in recognizing emotion, regardless of cognitive performance. Conclusions: Studies are scarce, present contradictory results, and report impairment in emotional processing in relation to cognition. Moreover, the analyses of the correlation between emotion processing and cognitive functioning failed to reveal clear relationships.
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Sheppes, Gal, and James J. Gross. "Is Timing Everything? Temporal Considerations in Emotion Regulation." Personality and Social Psychology Review 15, no. 4 (January 13, 2011): 319–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1088868310395778.
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It is often said that timing is everything. The process model of emotion regulation has taken this aphorism to heart, suggesting that down-regulating emotions before they are “up and running” is always easier than down-regulating emotions once they have gathered force (i.e., generic timing hypothesis). But does timing (i.e., emotion intensity) matter equally for all forms of regulation? In this article, the authors offer an alternative process-specific timing hypothesis, in which emotion-generative and emotion-regulatory processes compete at either earlier or later stages of information processing. Regulation strategies that target early processing stages require minimal effort. Therefore, their efficacy should be relatively unaffected by emotion intensity. By contrast, regulation strategies that target later processing stages require effort that is proportional to the intensity of the emotional response. Therefore, their efficacy should be determined by the relative strength of regulatory versus emotional processes. Implications of this revised conception are considered.
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Basnight-Brown, Dana M., Asiya Ayoob, and Jeanette Altarriba. "Emotion Processing in a Highly Proficient Multilingual Sub-Saharan African Population: A Quantitative and Qualitative Investigation." Languages 7, no. 4 (November 2, 2022): 280. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/languages7040280.
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Research using traditional experimental paradigms (e.g., Priming, Stroop and Simon tasks), narratives and interview type data have revealed that bilingual speakers process and express emotion differently in their two languages. In the current study, both a qualitative and quantitative approach were taken to investigate how individuals who know and regularly use several languages process emotion in each of their languages. In Experiment 1, emotional stimuli in the L2 and L3 was quantitatively investigated using an Affective Simon Task. Participants consisted of Sub-Saharan African multilinguals who had acquired Kiswahili (L2) after their mother tongue (L1), followed by English (L3). The results revealed no difference in the way emotion and emotion-laden words were processed in the two languages (Kiswahili and English). However, significant Affective Simon Effects emerged for positive emotion and emotion-laden words, suggesting that these multilinguals largely process positive emotions in their L2 and L3. In Experiment 2, narrative data generated by multilinguals was used to determine how language selection was influenced by context and type of emotional situation. Themes that emerged within the qualitative analysis revealed that one’s L1 was the more emotional language when expressing negative emotions, while the L2 and L3 were reported to be used more frequently when expressing positive emotions, or when discussing more sensitive or embarrassing topics.
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Brosch, Tobias, Didier Grandjean, David Sander, and Klaus R. Scherer. "Cross-modal Emotional Attention: Emotional Voices Modulate Early Stages of Visual Processing." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 21, no. 9 (September 2009): 1670–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2009.21110.
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Emotional attention, the boosting of the processing of emotionally relevant stimuli, has, up to now, mainly been investigated within a sensory modality, for instance, by using emotional pictures to modulate visual attention. In real-life environments, however, humans typically encounter simultaneous input to several different senses, such as vision and audition. As multiple signals entering different channels might originate from a common, emotionally relevant source, the prioritization of emotional stimuli should be able to operate across modalities. In this study, we explored cross-modal emotional attention. Spatially localized utterances with emotional and neutral prosody served as cues for a visually presented target in a cross-modal dot-probe task. Participants were faster to respond to targets that appeared at the spatial location of emotional compared to neutral prosody. Event-related brain potentials revealed emotional modulation of early visual target processing at the level of the P1 component, with neural sources in the striate visual cortex being more active for targets that appeared at the spatial location of emotional compared to neutral prosody. These effects were not found using synthesized control sounds matched for mean fundamental frequency and amplitude envelope. These results show that emotional attention can operate across sensory modalities by boosting early sensory stages of processing, thus facilitating the multimodal assessment of emotionally relevant stimuli in the environment.
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Sato, Wataru, and Sakiko Yoshikawa. "Anti-expressions: Artificial control stimuli for the visual properties of emotional facial expressions." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 37, no. 4 (May 1, 2009): 491–501. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2009.37.4.491.
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The perceptual/cognitive processing for emotional facial expressions is effective compared to that for neutral facial expressions. To investigate whether this effectiveness can be attributed to the expression of emotion or to the visual properties of the facial expressions, we used computer morphing to develop a form of control stimuli. These "anti-expressions" changed the features in emotional facial expressions in the opposite direction from neutral expressions by amounts equivalent to the differences between emotional and neutral expressions. To examine if anti-expressions are usable as emotionally neutral faces, 35 participants were asked to categorize and rate the valence and arousal dimensions of six basic emotions for normal and anti-expressions. The results indicate that anti-expressions were assessed as neutral for anger, disgust, fear, and happiness, and these can be used as control stimuli in emotional facial expressions regarding visual properties.
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Neves, Leonor, Carolina Cordeiro, Sophie K. Scott, São Luís Castro, and César F. Lima. "High emotional contagion and empathy are associated with enhanced detection of emotional authenticity in laughter." Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 71, no. 11 (January 1, 2018): 2355–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1747021817741800.
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Nonverbal vocalisations such as laughter pervade social interactions, and the ability to accurately interpret them is an important skill. Previous research has probed the general mechanisms supporting vocal emotional processing, but the factors that determine individual differences in this ability remain poorly understood. Here, we ask whether the propensity to resonate with others’ emotions—as measured by trait levels of emotional contagion and empathy—relates to the ability to perceive different types of laughter. We focus on emotional authenticity detection in spontaneous and voluntary laughs: spontaneous laughs reflect a less controlled and genuinely felt emotion, and voluntary laughs reflect a more deliberate communicative act (e.g., polite agreement). In total, 119 participants evaluated the authenticity and contagiousness of spontaneous and voluntary laughs and completed two self-report measures of resonance with others’ emotions: the Emotional Contagion Scale and the Empathic Concern scale of the Interpersonal Reactivity Index. We found that higher scores on these measures predict enhanced ability to detect laughter authenticity. We further observed that perceived contagion responses during listening to laughter significantly relate to authenticity detection. These findings suggest that resonating with others’ emotions provides a mechanism for processing complex aspects of vocal emotional information.
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Havas, David A., Arthur M. Glenberg, Karol A. Gutowski, Mark J. Lucarelli, and Richard J. Davidson. "Cosmetic Use of Botulinum Toxin-A Affects Processing of Emotional Language." Psychological Science 21, no. 7 (June 14, 2010): 895–900. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0956797610374742.
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How does language reliably evoke emotion, as it does when people read a favorite novel or listen to a skilled orator? Recent evidence suggests that comprehension involves a mental simulation of sentence content that calls on the same neural systems used in literal action, perception, and emotion. In this study, we demonstrated that involuntary facial expression plays a causal role in the processing of emotional language. Subcutaneous injections of botulinum toxin-A (BTX) were used to temporarily paralyze the facial muscle used in frowning. We found that BTX selectively slowed the reading of sentences that described situations that normally require the paralyzed muscle for expressing the emotions evoked by the sentences. This finding demonstrates that peripheral feedback plays a role in language processing, supports facial-feedback theories of emotional cognition, and raises questions about the effects of BTX on cognition and emotional reactivity. We account for the role of facial feedback in language processing by considering neurophysiological mechanisms and reinforcement-learning theory.
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Hekiert, Daniela, and Magdalena Igras-Cybulska. "Capturing emotions in voice: A comparative analysis of methodologies in psychology and digital signal processing." Roczniki Psychologiczne 22, no. 1 (November 19, 2019): 15–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.18290/rpsych.2019.22.1-2.
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People use their voices to communicate not only verbally but also emotionally. This article presents theories and methodologies that concern emotional vocalizations at the intersection of psychology and digital signal processing. Specifically, it demonstrates the encoding (production) and decoding (recognition) of emotional sounds, including the review and comparison of strategies in database design, parameterization, and classification. Whereas psychology predominantly focuses on the subjective recognition of emotional vocalizations, digital signal processing relies on automated and thus more objective vocal affect measures. The article aims to compare these two approaches and suggest methods of combining them to achieve a more complex insight into the vocal communication of emotions.
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Dodonova, Yulia A., and Yury S. Dodonov. "Speed of emotional information processing and emotional intelligence." International Journal of Psychology 47, no. 6 (December 2012): 429–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/00207594.2012.656131.
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Quinlan, Philip T., Yue Yue, and Dale J. Cohen. "The processing of images of biological threats in visual short-term memory." Proceedings of the Royal Society B: Biological Sciences 284, no. 1861 (August 23, 2017): 20171283. http://dx.doi.org/10.1098/rspb.2017.1283.
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The idea that there is enhanced memory for negatively, emotionally charged pictures was examined. Performance was measured under rapid, serial visual presentation (RSVP) conditions in which, on every trial, a sequence of six photo-images was presented. Briefly after the offset of the sequence, two alternative images (a target and a foil) were presented and participants attempted to choose which image had occurred in the sequence. Images were of threatening and non-threatening cats and dogs. The target depicted either an animal expressing an emotion distinct from the other images, or the sequences contained only images depicting the same emotional valence. Enhanced memory was found for targets that differed in emotional valence from the other sequence images, compared to targets that expressed the same emotional valence. Further controls in stimulus selection were then introduced and the same emotional distinctiveness effect obtained. In ruling out possible visual and attentional accounts of the data, an informal dual route topic model is discussed. This places emphasis on how visual short-term memory reveals a sensitivity to the emotional content of the input as it unfolds over time. Items that present with a distinctive emotional content stand out in memory.