Journal articles on the topic 'Emotional disorder'
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Brytek-Matera, A., K. Czepczor-Bernat, P. Bronowicka, A. Modrzejewska, J. Modrzejewska, P. Szymańska, and J. Waliłko. "Eating behaviour among adults with different levels of emotional suppression and eating disorder symptomatology." European Psychiatry 65, S1 (June 2022): S149—S150. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2022.402.
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Introduction Research has shown that emotional suppression, a form of emotion regulation, is often used by individuals with disordered eating behaviour. Moreover, eating disorder symptomatology is associated with inappropriate eating behaviours (e.g. excessive consumption of high-calorie foods and comfort foods). Objectives The objective of the present study was to investigate the differences in eating behaviour among adults with different levels of emotional suppression and eating disorder symptomatology. Methods Two hundred seventy adults (Mage = 29.44 ± 9.32) completed the Three-Factor Eating Questionnaire (eating behaviour), the Eating Attitudes Test (eating disorder symptomatology) and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (emotional suppression). Results Three clusters were identified through cluster analysis: cluster 1 (N = 115) presenting low emotional suppression and low eating disorder symptomatology; cluster 2 (N = 43) presenting high emotional suppression and high eating disorder symptomatology and cluster 3 (N = 112) presenting high emotional suppression and low eating disorder symptomatology. Our results showed that individuals in cluster 2 had significantly greater levels of cognitive restraint, uncontrolled eating and emotional eating than individuals in clusters 1 and 3. Moreover, individuals in clusters 1 and 3 did not differ significantly in terms of any of the TFEQ subscales. Conclusions These preliminary findings may suggest that the tendency to persistently suppress emotions exacerbate disordered eating behaviour. Therefore, this factor together with symptoms of eating disorders should to be considered when planning prevention and intervention programs among adults presenting disordered eating behaviour. Disclosure No significant relationships.
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Keltner, Dacher, and Ann M. Kring. "Emotion, Social Function, and Psychopathology." Review of General Psychology 2, no. 3 (September 1998): 320–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/1089-2680.2.3.320.
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The studies of emotion function and emotional disorders complement one another. In this article, the authors outline relations between the social functions of emotion and four psychological disorders. The authors first present a social-functional account of emotion and argue that emotions help coordinate social interactions through their informative, evocative, and incentive functions. They then review evidence concerning the emotional and social problems related to depression, schizophrenia, social anxiety, and borderline personality disorder and consider how the emotional disturbances related to these disorders disrupt interactions and relationships, thus contributing further to the maintenance of the disorder. They conclude by discussing research strategies relevant to the study of emotion, social interaction, and psychopathology.
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Homorogan, C., R. Adam, R. Barboianu, Z. Popovici, C. Bredicean, and M. Ienciu. "Emotional Face Recognition in Bipolar Disorder." European Psychiatry 41, S1 (April 2017): S117. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2017.01.1904.
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IntroductionEmotional face recognition is significant for social communication. This is impaired in mood disorders, such as bipolar disorder. Individuals with bipolar disorder lack the ability to perceive facial expressions.ObjectivesTo analyse the capacity of emotional face recognition in subjects diagnosed with bipolar disorder.AimsTo establish a correlation between emotion recognition ability and the evolution of bipolar disease.MethodsA sample of 24 subjects were analysed in this trial, diagnosed with bipolar disorder (according to ICD-10 criteria), who were hospitalised in the Psychiatry Clinic of Timisoara and monitored in outpatients clinic. Subjects were introduced in the trial based on inclusion/exclusion criteria. The analysed parameters were: socio-demographic (age, gender, education level), the number of relapses, the predominance of manic or depressive episodes, and the ability of identifying emotions (Reading the Mind in the Eyes Test).ResultsMost of the subjects (79.16%) had a low ability to identify emotions, 20.83% had a normal capacity to recognise emotions, and none of them had a high emotion recognition capacity. The positive emotions (love, joy, surprise) were easier recognised, by 75% of the subjects, than the negative ones (anger, sadness, fear). There was no evident difference in emotional face recognition between the individuals with predominance of manic episodes than the ones who had mostly depressive episodes, and between the number of relapses.ConclusionsThe individuals with bipolar disorder have difficulties in identifying facial emotions, but with no obvious correlation between the analysed parameters.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Förster, Katharina, Marcel Kurtz, Annika Konrad, and Philipp Kanske. "Emotional Reactivity, Emotion Regulation, and Social Emotions in Affective Disorders." Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 51, no. 1 (January 2022): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000648.
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Abstract. Affective disorders, specifically Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorders, show high prevalence, relapse rates, and a high likelihood to develop a chronic course. For the past two decades, research has investigated the neural correlates of emotion processing and emotion regulation in patients with affective disorders. Putative underlying causal mechanisms of dysregulated affect have been informed by knowledge from the intersection of neuroimaging and clinical psychology. More recent investigations also consider processing the role of mostly negative, self-blaming social emotions, which have been linked to treatment resistance and, hence, provide a prolific target for intervention. Several psychotherapeutic treatment approaches already focus on emotion, and here specific knowledge about the mechanisms underlying persistent changes in affect bears the potential to improve the treatment of affective disorders. In this narrative review, we delineate why and how our insights into the neural correlates of emotion processing and regulation can be applied to the treatment of patients with affective disorders.
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Trotti, Rebekah L., Sunny Abdelmageed, David A. Parker, Dean Sabatinelli, Carol A. Tamminga, Elliot S. Gershon, Sarah K. Keedy, et al. "Neural Processing of Repeated Emotional Scenes in Schizophrenia, Schizoaffective Disorder, and Bipolar Disorder." Schizophrenia Bulletin 47, no. 5 (March 6, 2021): 1473–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/schbul/sbab018.
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Abstract Impaired emotional processing and cognitive functioning are common in schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, and bipolar disorders, causing significant socioemotional disability. While a large body of research demonstrates abnormal cognition/emotion interactions in these disorders, previous studies investigating abnormalities in the emotional scene response using event-related potentials (ERPs) have yielded mixed findings, and few studies compare findings across psychiatric diagnoses. The current study investigates the effects of emotion and repetition on ERPs in a large, well-characterized sample of participants with schizophrenia-bipolar syndromes. Two ERP components that are modulated by emotional content and scene repetition, the early posterior negativity (EPN) and late positive potential (LPP), were recorded in healthy controls and participants with schizophrenia, schizoaffective disorder, bipolar disorder with psychosis, and bipolar disorder without psychosis. Effects of emotion and repetition were compared across groups. Results displayed significant but small effects in schizophrenia and schizoaffective disorder, with diminished EPN amplitudes to neutral and novel scenes, reduced LPP amplitudes to emotional scenes, and attenuated effects of scene repetition. Despite significant findings, small effect sizes indicate that emotional scene processing is predominantly intact in these disorders. Multivariate analyses indicate that these mild ERP abnormalities are related to cognition, psychosocial functioning, and psychosis severity. This relationship suggests that impaired cognition, rather than diagnosis or mood disturbance, may underlie disrupted neural scene processing in schizophrenia-bipolar syndromes.
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Castro, L. C., and M. Martins. "Emotional Processing in Eating Disorders." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70974-5.
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Background:Patients with eating disorders are reported to show emotional processing deficits compared to healthy controls.Aim:To study and discuss the role of emotional processing in eating disorders.Methods:Review of the literature.Results:Several studies found a marked impairment in emotional processing in eating disorder patients. These emotion-processing deficits seem to be independent of affective symptoms. Different studies address different concepts as emotional awareness, alexithymia and facial or voice emotional recognition. The emotional processing and functioning of eating disorder patients highly impact their relational styles and behaviour.Discussion:The literature suggests global emotion-processing deficits in eating disorders. The emotion-processing deficits in eating disorder patients may contribute to the poor interpersonal communication, lack of social cognition and lack of empathy frequently seen in these patients. It is extremely important a better understanding of these complex relationships as they can act as maintenance factors of the eating disorder, contributing to social isolation and therapeutic failure. The prognostic implications of these findings, as well as potential therapeutical interventions are topics valuable for future research in this area.
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Haddock, Gillian, Melanie Wolfenden, Ian Lowens, Nicholas Tarrier, and Richard P. Bentall. "Effect of Emotional Salience on Thought Disorder in Patients with Schizophrenia." British Journal of Psychiatry 167, no. 5 (November 1995): 618–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.167.5.618.
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BackgroundThis study examined the effect of emotional salience on the severity of thought disorder in schizophrenic patients.MethodTen thought disordered and ten non-thought disordered schizophrenic patients were interviewed under two conditions: a personal interview involving material which was emotionally salient and an impersonal interview involving material which was not emotionally salient.ResultsBoth groups exhibited some thought disorder during both interviews. The thought disordered patients exhibited significantly more thought disorder during the emotionally salient interview.ConclusionsThought disorder in schizophrenic patients is affected by the emotional salience of the material being discussed. Clinical implications are discussed.
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Tsang, Vicky. "Eye-tracking study on facial emotion recognition tasks in individuals with high-functioning autism spectrum disorders." Autism 22, no. 2 (November 8, 2016): 161–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361316667830.
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The eye-tracking experiment was carried out to assess fixation duration and scan paths that individuals with and without high-functioning autism spectrum disorders employed when identifying simple and complex emotions. Participants viewed human photos of facial expressions and decided on the identification of emotion, the negative–positive emotion orientation, and the degree of emotion intensity. Results showed that there was an atypical emotional processing in the high-functioning autism spectrum disorder group to identify facial emotions when eye-tracking data were compared between groups. We suggest that the high-functioning autism spectrum disorder group prefers to use a rule-bound categorical approach as well as featured processing strategy in the facial emotion recognition tasks. Therefore, the high-functioning autism spectrum disorder group more readily distinguishes overt emotions such as happiness and sadness. However, they perform more inconsistently in covert emotions such as disgust and angry, which demand more cognitive strategy employment during emotional perception. Their fixation time in eye-tracking data demonstrated a significant difference from that of their controls when judging complex emotions, showing reduced “in” gazes and increased “out” gazes. The data were in compliance with the findings in their emotion intensity ratings which showed individuals with autism spectrum disorder misjudge the intensity of complex emotions especially the emotion of fear.
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Benarous, X. "Affective symptoms and emerging psychotic disorder in adolescents." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S344. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1217.
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Depressive symptoms are frequently reported during the period preceding the onset of schizophrenia in adolescents when such symptoms can be mistaken for those of mood disorder. However, it is unclear which emotional symptoms should be considered predictive of schizophrenia onset.The types of emotional disturbances that may precede schizophrenic disorder were sought through a review of historical descriptive studies and seminal works using a phenomenological approach. Five main types of emotional disturbances have been found as prodromal symptoms of a schizophrenic disorder: (1) increased sensitivity to stress, (2) poor or incomplete expression of emotions, (3) reduced emotion sharing, (4) emotional detachment, and (5) disconnection between the perception and expression of emotions. Studies based on phenomenological views of schizophrenic disorders stressed the chronological sequence of these symptoms in the same person. For example, the term “delusional mood” (Wahnstimmung) coined to describe changes in the perceived atmosphere encompass mood disturbances from subtle emotional overreactivity to more severe symptoms that could evoke athymhormia.Analysis of recent studies among subjects at high-risk for psychotic transition showed that the presence of mood symptoms at a very early stage of the disorder is common. While these symptoms predict a lower level of general functioning, they were not associated with a higher risk of developing a schizophrenic disorder at follow-up.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Whiting, Demian. "Emotional Disorder." Ratio 17, no. 1 (February 12, 2004): 90–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9329.2004.00239.x.
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Kauer-Sant'Anna, Marcia, Lakshmi N. Yatham, Juliana Tramontina, Fernanda Weyne, Keila Maria Cereser, Fernando Kratz Gazalle, Ana Cristina Andreazza, et al. "Emotional memory in bipolar disorder." British Journal of Psychiatry 192, no. 6 (June 2008): 458–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.107.040295.
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BackgroundCognitive impairment has been well documented in bipolar disorder. However, specific aspects of cognition such as emotional memory have not been examined.AimsTo investigate episodic emotional memory in bipolar disorder, as indicated by performance on an amygdala-related cognitive task.MethodTwenty euthymic patients with bipolar disorder and 20 matched controls were recruited. Participants were shown a slide show of an emotionally neutral story, or a closely matched emotionally arousing story. One week later, participants were assessed on a memory-recall test.ResultsIn contrast with the pattern observed in controls, patients with bipolar disorder had no enhancement of memory for the emotional content of the story (F=14.7, d.f.=1.36, P < 0.001). The subjective perception of the emotional impact of the emotional condition was significantly different from that of the neutral condition in controls but not in people with bipolar disorder.ConclusionsOur data suggest that the physiological pattern of enhanced memory retrieval for emotionally bound information is blunted in bipolar disorder.
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Martskvishvili, Khatuna, and Maia Mestvirishvili. "THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN EMOTIONAL INTELLIGENCE AND PERSONALITY DISORDER SYMPTOMATOLOGY." Problems of Psychology in the 21st Century 8, no. 2 (December 25, 2014): 143–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.33225/ppc/14.08.143.
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Disturbances in emotion are associated with the most of the diagnostic criteria of the personality disorders, though the role of emotional intelligence in the diagnosis of personality disorders has been the subject of limited research. The present study was designed to investigate the relationships between trait emotional intelligence (trait EI) and personality disorder symptomatology in an undergraduate student sample. One hundred and twenty university students (28.3% male and 71.7 % female; M of age = 19.23, SD=2.45) were administered with (1) Trait Emotional Intelligence Questionnaire (TEIQue) (Petrides, 2009), along with (2) The Personality Disorder Questionnaire-4 (PDQ-4) (Hyler E. Steven, 1994). A multivariate analysis of variance revealed a significant main effect for group with individuals without any personality disorder symptomatology scoring significantly higher than individuals with some personality accentuations on most TEIQue facets. The results suggest that different components of emotional intelligence contribute to the development of different personality disorder symptomatology, but more research is required to replicate the results with the clinical population. Key words: emotional intelligence, personality disorders.
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Luty, Jason. "Bordering on the bipolar: a review of criteria for ICD-11 and DSM-5 persistent mood disorders." BJPsych Advances 26, no. 1 (October 10, 2019): 50–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bja.2019.54.
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SUMMARYThe principal manuals for psychiatric diagnosis have recently been updated (ICD-11 was released in June 2018 and DSM-5 was published in 2013). A common diagnostic quandary is the classification of people with chronic low mood, especially those with repeated self-harm (‘emotionally unstable’ or ‘borderline’ personality disorder). There has been a great interest in use of type II bipolar affective disorder (‘bipolar II disorder’) as a less pejorative diagnostic alternative to ‘personality disorder’, despite the radically different treatment options for these disorders. DSM-5 (but not ICD-11) clearly distinguishes between borderline personality disorder and bipolar II disorder, indicating that intense emotional experiences (such as anger, panic or despair; irritability; anxiety) should persist for only a few hours in people with a personality disorder. Both manuals now use the term ‘borderline personality disorder’ rather than ‘emotionally unstable personality disorder’. The diagnostic criteria for cyclothymic disorder remain confusing.LEARNING OBJECTIVESAfter reading this article you will be able to: •appreciate the key differences in diagnostic classification between persistent mood disorders: bipolar II disorder, borderline personality disorder and dysthymia•be aware of the modest differences between ICD-10, ICD-11 and DSM-5 in diagnostic criteria for these disorders•appreciate that intense emotional experiences need persist for only a few hours to meet criteria for DSM-5 borderline personality disorder and that persistent emotional dysregulation (e.g. irritability, impulsiveness, disinhibition) for a few days meets criteria for DSM-5 bipolar II disorder.
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Ferreira, S., L. Moutinho, and J. Teixeira. "Emotional regulation in alcohol use disorder (AUD)." European Psychiatry 64, S1 (April 2021): S573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/j.eurpsy.2021.1529.
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IntroductionThe process of emotional regulation allows the patient to deal with various situations throughout life, since it includes the ability to create and control emotions, in order to guide action and interaction with others. However, people with alcohol use disorder (AUD) is not always able to give appropriate responses to surronding situations in the face of certain specific emotions.ObjectivesWe aimed to evaluate the use of emotional regulation strategies in people with AUD.MethodsA descriptive and correlational study was conducted. A sociodemographic questionnaire, that included variables to assess aspects related to AUD, and the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire were used.ResultsThe sample had 25 participants, mostly male, average age of 46.68 years. 44% were married, and most cases had an withdrawal time larger than 3 months. Regarding emotional regulation strategies, it was found that the participants resort more to cognitive reassessment (M=26.59,SD = 7.54), compared to emotional suppression (M = 15.16, SD = 5.03). Statistically significant differences were found between genders in relation to cognitive reassessment (U = 29.00; p = 0.02). No correlations were found between withdrawal time, treatment time, cognitive reevaluation and emotional suppression.ConclusionsResults show differences between gender, and the absence of a relationship between educational qualifications in cognitive reassessment, contradicting previous findings on general Portuguese population. This data points to the need to implement intervention programs in this population, taking into account the gender variable, and including the development of the ability to identify and express emotions, as well as of strategies to deal with emotional aspects.
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Chapela, E., J. Quintero, M. Félix-Alcántara, I. Morales, C. Javier, and G. A. Jorge. "Emotional intelligence in bipolar disorder." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S330. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1145.
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IntroductionEmotional intelligence is defined as the ability to process, understand and manage emotions. In bipolar disorder seem to be more conserved, with less functional impairment than other severe mental disorders as schizophrenia. So far, there are few studies analyzing emotional intelligence in bipolar disorder.ObjectiveThe objective of this research is to better understand the different characteristics and the factors affecting these social-cognitive dysfunctions in bipolar disorder.AimsTo explore possible factors related to emotional intelligence in these severe mental disorders: symptoms, cognitive functioning, quality of life and psychosocial function.Material and methodsTwenty-six adults bipolar type I patients were examined using MSCEIT (the most validated test for emotional intelligence), BPRS, YMRS, HDRS, WAIS-IV, TMT and Rey Figure in order to determine the level of emotional intelligence and factors relate.ResultsBipolar patients show lack of emotional intelligence when compared with general population. Cognitive impairment and age are the principal factors related.DiscussionResults are discussed and compared with recent literature.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Craig, T. K. J., A. P. Boardman, K. Mills, O. Daly-Jones, and H. Drake. "The South London Somatisation Study." British Journal of Psychiatry 163, no. 5 (November 1993): 579–88. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.163.5.579.
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In a two-year longitudinal study, a two-stage screening procedure was used to identify subjects in primary care with emotional disorder presenting with a recent onset of physical symptoms and a comparison sample of patients presenting with physical symptoms only. Somatisers (n = 44) were defined as subjects who had an emotional disorder but who presented with physical symptoms that could not be attributed to organic disease. The course and outcome of these conditions were compared with those of pure emotional disorder (n = 11), pure physical disorder (n = 90) and ‘mixed’ conditions (n = 39). The physical symptoms of somatisers were less likely to improve and lagged behind those of the other groups, and 16 of these acute somatisers went on to develop chronic somatoform disorders. Among somatisers, changes in physical symptom levels throughout the follow-up closely mirrored changes in emotional arousal. Emotionally disordered subjects reported more instances of parental lack of care, but somatisers were also more likely than other groups to report parental physical illness and to have had more physical illness themselves in childhood. A logistic regression suggests that adult somatisation is best modelled by parental lack of care followed by childhood illness.
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Litz, Brett T., Brett T. Litz, and Matt J. Gray. "Emotional Numbing in Posttraumatic Stress Disorder: Current and Future Research Directions." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 36, no. 2 (April 2002): 198–204. http://dx.doi.org/10.1046/j.1440-1614.2002.01002.x.
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Objective: Despite being understudied and poorly understood relative to the chronic fear, anxiety and other aversive emotional states that occur in the immediate aftermath of trauma, emotional numbing has become a core defining feature of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Method: This paper seeks to briefly review the literature bearing on these seemingly disparate emotional responses to trauma as well as theoretical accounts of emotional numbing that have been proffered to date. We then offer an alternative theory of posttraumatic emotional functioning and review empirical support for this model. Result: The experience of trauma produces very intense emotions such as overwhelming fear, horror, and anxiety, and these reactions can linger for a lifetime. Many trauma survivors also report restrictions in their emotional experience – a phenomenon most commonly referred to as emotional numbing. In contrast to previous accounts of posttraumatic emotional functioning our model posits that individuals with PTSD have difficulty expressing positive emotions as a result of re-experiencing states. We further argue that patients with PTSD are capable of experiencing and expressing the full range of emotions that were available pretraumatically. Conclusion: Our model holds that individuals with PTSD are not, in fact, ‘emotionally numb’ as a result of traumatic experience. Rather, PTSD is associated with hyperresponsivity to negatively valenced emotional stimuli. Consequently, patients with PTSD require more intense positive stimulation to access the full complement of appetitive or pleasant emotional behaviour.
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Di Bartolomeo, Alyssa A., Sonya Varma, Lindsay Fulham, and Skye Fitzpatrick. "The moderating role of interpersonal problems on baseline emotional intensity and emotional reactivity in individuals with borderline personality disorder and healthy controls." Journal of Experimental Psychopathology 13, no. 4 (October 2022): 204380872211424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/20438087221142481.
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Emotion dysregulation, including higher baseline emotional intensity and emotional reactivity (i.e., increased magnitude of change in emotional responding) is theoretically central to Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD). However, little research has examined which specific emotions individuals with BPD experience emotion dysregulation in. Interpersonal problems also theoretically drive emotion dysregulation in BPD. However, whether interpersonal problems elicit emotion dysregulation for some specific emotions but not others is unclear. This study aimed to assess whether interpersonal problems moderate the relationship between (1) baseline emotional intensity and (2) emotional reactivity in BPD across six specific emotions (i.e., sadness, disgust, fear, shame, guilt, and anger). Borderline Personality Disorder ( n = 30) and healthy control (HC; n = 30) groups reported their interpersonal problems at baseline and their emotions before and after listening to a laboratory stressor. For the BPD (but not HC) group, higher interpersonal problems were associated with greater baseline sadness, disgust, fear, shame, and guilt. Across groups, higher interpersonal problems were associated with greater sadness, fear, guilt, and anger, but not disgust, reactivity. Higher interpersonal problems were associated with higher shame reactivity specifically for those with BPD. Targeting interpersonal problems may reduce heightened baseline emotional intensity and emotional reactivity for those with BPD, particularly for shame reactivity in BPD.
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Dyck, M., U. Habel, J. Slodczyk, J. Schlummer, V. Backes, F. Schneider, and M. Reske. "Negative bias in fast emotion discrimination in borderline personality disorder." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 5 (August 28, 2008): 855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708004273.
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BackgroundThe ability to decode emotional information from facial expressions is crucial for successful social interaction. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by serious problems in interpersonal relationships and emotional functioning. Empirical research on facial emotion recognition in BPD has been sparsely published and results are inconsistent. To specify emotion recognition deficits in BPD more closely, the present study implemented two emotion recognition tasks differing in response format.MethodNineteen patients with BPD and 19 healthy subjects were asked to evaluate the emotional content of visually presented stimuli (emotional and neutral faces). The first task, the Fear Anger Neutral (FAN) Test, required a rapid discrimination between negative or neutral facial expressions whereas in the second task, the Emotion Recognition (ER) Test, a precise decision regarding default emotions (sadness, happiness, anger, fear and neutral) had to be achieved without a time limit.ResultsIn comparison to healthy subjects, BPD patients showed a deficit in emotion recognition only in the fast discrimination of negative and neutral facial expressions (FAN Test). Consistent with earlier findings, patients demonstrated a negative bias in the evaluation of neutral facial expressions. When processing time was unlimited (ER Test), BPD patients performed as well as healthy subjects in the recognition of specific emotions. In addition, an association between performance in the fast discrimination task (FAN Test) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) co-morbidity was indicated.ConclusionsOur data suggest a selective deficit of BPD patients in rapid and direct discrimination of negative and neutral emotional expressions that may underlie difficulties in social interactions.
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Krause-Utz, A., N. Y. L. Oei, I. Niedtfeld, M. Bohus, P. Spinhoven, C. Schmahl, and B. M. Elzinga. "Influence of emotional distraction on working memory performance in borderline personality disorder." Psychological Medicine 42, no. 10 (March 8, 2012): 2181–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291712000153.
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BackgroundEmotion dysregulation, characterized by heightened emotional arousal and increased emotional sensitivity, is a core feature of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Although current theories emphasize the disruptive potential of negative emotions on cognitive functioning in BPD, behavioral and neurobiological data on this relationship are still lacking.MethodUsing functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI), neural activity was investigated in 22 unmedicated BPD patients and 22 healthy participants (matched for age, education and intelligence) performing an adapted Sternberg working memory task, while being distracted by emotional (negatively arousing) and neutral pictures from the International Affective Picture System (IAPS).ResultsEmotional distraction was associated with significantly higher activation in the amygdala and decreased activation in the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex (DLPFC), extending findings of previous studies in healthy individuals. Patients with BPD showed significantly longer reaction times (RTs) along with significantly higher activation in the amygdala and insula during emotional distraction compared to healthy participants, suggesting that they were more distracted by emotional pictures during the working memory task. Moreover, in the group of BPD patients, a significant negative correlation was found between activation in limbic brain regions and self-reports of current dissociative states.ConclusionsOur findings suggest hyper-responsiveness to emotionally distracting pictures in BPD patients that negatively affects working memory performance. This stresses the importance of emotion dysregulation in the context of cognitive functioning. Moreover, our findings suggest that dissociative states have a dampening effect on neural reactivity during emotional challenge in BPD.
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Ye, Wei. "The Atypical Emotional Processing in Bipolar Disorder and Relevant Interventions." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4244.
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Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) demonstrate impaired functioning including cognitive deficits, neurological damage, and psychosocial dysfunction. Atypical emotional processing, the lack of normal functioning in identifying human emotions, is one of the most significant impairments observed in individuals with BD. Such abnormal emotional processing has different causes. Deficits in emotion perception and recognition can contribute to the impaired social functioning in separation or in combination, which can further impede social functioning. Both facial emotion recognition deficits (FERD) and alexithymia are proven to be powerful predictors of BD development. Relevant interventions including Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Children (MBCT-C), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Positive emotion regulation (PRE) intervention are verified to be effective in treatment for BD patients with deficits in emotional processing. By examining recent literature, this review encapsulates the relationships between atypical emotion recognition and perception and impaired social functioning, the relationship between deficits in emotional processing and BD symptoms, and efficacy of the interventions focusing on mindfulness, presenting a more comprehensive understanding in this area. It can provide some guidance to the prevention and intervention studies and practices for at-risk adolescents.
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Taylor-Clift, A., B. H. Morris, J. Rottenberg, and M. Kovacs. "Emotion-modulated startle in anxiety disorders is blunted by co-morbid depressive episodes." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 1 (March 16, 2010): 129–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s003329171000036x.
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BackgroundWhile anxiety has been associated with exaggerated emotional reactivity, depression has been associated with blunted, or context insensitive, emotional responding. Although anxiety and depressive disorders are frequently co-morbid, surprisingly little is known about emotional reactivity when the two disorders co-occur.MethodWe utilized the emotion-modulated startle (EMS) paradigm to examine the effects of a concurrent depressive episode on emotional reactivity in young adults with anxiety disorders. Using an archival dataset from a multi-disciplinary project on risk factors in childhood-onset depression, we examined eye-blink startle reactions to late-onset auditory startle probes while participants viewed pictures with affectively pleasant, unpleasant and neutral content. EMS response patterns were analyzed in 33 individuals with a current anxiety (but no depressive) disorder, 24 individuals with a current anxiety disorder and co-morbid depressive episode and 96 healthy controls.ResultsControl participants and those with a current anxiety disorder (but no depression) displayed normative linearity in startle responses, including potentiation by unpleasant pictures. By contrast, individuals with concurrent anxiety and depression displayed blunted EMS.ConclusionsAn anxiety disorder concurrent with a depressive episode is associated with reactivity that more closely resembles the pattern of emotional responding that is typical of depression (i.e. context insensitive) rather than the pattern that is typical for anxiety (i.e. exaggerated).
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Bonevski, Dimitar, and Antoni Novotni. "Child abuse in panic disorder." Medical review 61, no. 3-4 (2008): 169–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.2298/mpns0804169b.
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Introduction Numerous authors associate child abuse with serious long-term consequences to the general and psychological well-being in particular. Clinical research to date reveals strong correlation between childhood abuse and neglect and anxiety disorders, especially panic disorder. Material and Methods This study was conducted in order to assess the level of emotional, physical and sexual childhood abuse as well as the physical and emotional childhood neglect in 40 adult patients suffering from panic disorder, diagnosed in accordance with the 10th International Classification of Disorders diagnostic criteria, compared with the control group of 40 healthy test subjects without a history of psychiatric disorders, using the Childhood Trauma Questionnaire. The severity of the clinical manifestation in patients with panic disorder was assessed using the Panic Disorder Severity Scale. Results and Discussion There were no significant differences between the groups as to the level of sexual abuse and physical neglect, whereas in the group of patients with panic disorder, the level of physical and emotional abuse was significantly higher, with emphasis on emotional neglect. With regards to the correlation between the severity of the clinical manifestation in patients with panic disorder and the severity of suffered abuse and neglect in childhood age, significant correlation was found in the physical and emotional abuse as well as emotional neglect. There was no significant correlation in the aspect of the physical neglect and sexual abuse. Conclusion Our research underlines the importance of childhood physical abuse, and especially emotional abuse and emotional neglect in the occurrence of panic disorder later in life.
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Weiss, Elisabeth M., Eberhard A. Deisenhammer, Andreas Fink, Josef Marksteiner, Markus Canazei, and Ilona Papousek. "Disorder-Specific Profiles of Self-Perceived Emotional Abilities in Schizophrenia and Major Depressive Disorder." Brain Sciences 12, no. 3 (March 7, 2022): 356. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci12030356.
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Deficits in social cognition are a core feature of neuropsychiatric disorders. The purpose of this study was to compare profiles of self-perceived abilities across the core domains of emotional functioning between patients with schizophrenia (n = 22), major depressive disorder (n = 31) and healthy participants (n = 43) with the Self-report Emotional Ability Scale (SEAS). Profile analyses were used to explore group differences in the overall level of self-perceived effectiveness of emotional functioning and in the patterns in which the four functions of emotion perception and regulation in the intra- and inter-personal domains are arranged to each other. Both patient groups showed significantly lower overall levels of self-perceived emotional functioning compared to healthy controls. Most importantly, we found significant differences between patient groups in their profile patterns. Patients with schizophrenia indicated experiencing difficulties in all investigated domains, but the profile pattern largely matched that of healthy individuals. Instead, the profile of patients with depression was much more accentuated, showing lower perceived effectiveness of emotion perception and regulation in the intra-personal domain compared to inter-personal functions. Our results of disorder-specific emotional deficits may have profound implications for early screening and identification of at-risk populations as well as recovery-oriented interventions.
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Mazefsky, Carla A., Amanda Collier, Josh Golt, and Greg J. Siegle. "Neural features of sustained emotional information processing in autism spectrum disorder." Autism 24, no. 4 (February 28, 2020): 941–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1362361320903137.
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Emotion dysregulation is common in autism spectrum disorder; a better understanding of the underlying neural mechanisms could inform treatment development. The tendency toward repetitive cognition in autism spectrum disorder may also increase susceptibility to perseverate on distressing stimuli, which may then increase emotion dysregulation. Therefore, this study investigated the mechanisms of sustained processing of negative information in brain activity using functional magnetic resonance imaging. We used an event-related task that alternated between emotional processing of personally relevant negative words, neutral words, and a non-emotional task. A priori criteria were developed to define heightened and sustained emotional processing, and feature conjunction analysis was conducted to identify all regions satisfying these criteria. Participants included 25 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and 23 IQ-, age-, and gender-matched typically developing controls. Regions satisfying all a priori criteria included areas in the salience network and the prefrontal dorsolateral cortex, which are areas implicated in emotion regulation outside of autism spectrum disorder. Collectively, activity in the identified regions accounted for a significant amount of variance in emotion dysregulation in the autism spectrum disorder group. Overall, these results may provide a potential neural mechanism to explain emotion dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder, which is a significant risk factor for poor mental health. Lay abstract Many individuals with autism spectrum disorder struggle with emotions that are intense and interfering, which is referred to as emotion dysregulation. Prior research has established that individuals with autism may be more likely than individuals who are not autistic to have repetitive thoughts. It is possible that persistent thoughts about negative or distressing stimuli may contribute to emotion dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder. This study aimed to identify areas of the brain with evidence of persistent processing of negative information via functional magnetic resonance neuroimaging. We used a task that alternated between emotional processing of personally relevant negative words, neutral words, and a non-emotional task. Criteria were developed to define heightened and persistent emotional processing, and analyses were conducted to identify all brain regions satisfying these criteria. Participants included 25 adolescents with autism spectrum disorder and 23 typically developing adolescents who were similar to the autism spectrum disorder group in IQ, age, and gender ratios. Brain regions identified as having greater and continued processing following negative stimuli in the autism spectrum disorder group as compared with the typically developing group included the salience network and the prefrontal dorsolateral cortex. These areas have been previously implicated in emotion dysregulation outside of autism spectrum disorder. Collectively, brain activity in the identified regions was associated with parent-reported emotion dysregulation in the autism spectrum disorder group. These results help to identify a potential process in the brain associated with emotion dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder. This information may be useful for the development of treatments to decrease emotion dysregulation in autism spectrum disorder.
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Guiducci, Valentina. "Binge Eating Disorder e regolazione affettiva: cibo, emozioni, relazioni." SALUTE E SOCIETÀ, no. 3 (September 2009): 77–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/ses2009-003005.
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- The work aims to draw a descriptive and explanatory picture of Binge Eating Disorder, basing on the key concept of affective regulation. It is proposed, as an explanation model of the disorder, the hypothesis of Taylor, Bagby and Parker (1997, 2000), who conceptualized Eating Disorders as self-regulation disorders, focusing on the construct of affect regulation. It refers to the acts that modulate emotions experienced and expressed (Gross and Munoz, 1995; Kopp, 1989; Schor, 1994). The reference to attachment theory, as privileged theoretical framework for understanding the construct of affect regulation, is introduced to discuss pathogenetic and clinical implications (Santona and Zavattini, 2009). The review of the empirical results of the studies that examined the relationship between Binge Eating Disorder and emotional dysregulation, shows how the characteristic of this disorder is a poor capacity to modulate dysphoric feelings and to differentiate emotions from bodily sensations. The desire to eat is experienced as a compulsive craving, that represents for the patient the only possible response to emotional dysregulation (Whiteside et al., 2007).Key-words: Binge Eating Disorder, food, emotions, affective regulation, bulimia, shape.Parole-chiave: Binge Eating Disorder, cibo, emozioni, regolazione affettiva, bulemia, vergogna.
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Tan Tan Davani, Hamila. "Emotional Regulation in Substance Uses Disorders and Their Generation." Bulletin of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kyiv. Series “Psychology”, no. 1(15) (2022): 61–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.17721/bsp.2022.1(15).10.
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The present article focuses on emotion regulation as a predictors and treatment of substance addictions, the scope of this theoretical review is in response to the problematic issue of emotional dysregulation and its intergenerational trauma among families with substance use disorders. It is emphasized that substance dependence is a disorder characterized by a disturbance in the regulation of emotional processes. It has been found that the use of drugs in order to quickly relieve emotional pain acts as a very strong negative reinforcer and disrupts the foundations of the development of emotional management in the consumer. Of course, the children of these families do not learn emotional skills through modeling sick behavior and have difficulty in regulating and managing their emotions. Therefore, the importance of emotional skills and strengthening the management of emotions in the context of restoring emotional maturity and mental health has been investigated as one of the important tools for addiction recovery and the mental health of substance addictions and their children. In the field of emotional management psychotherapy, two classic forms of addiction treatment, which are Cognitive-behavioral therapy (CBT) and Dialectical behavior therapy (DBT), have been examined and compared. The two main known components of CBT for addiction, cognitive-behavioral therapy and functional analysis and training, are generally known to be effective in managing negative emotions. The two main known components of CBT for addiction, cognitive-behavioral therapy and functional analysis and skill training, are generally known to be effective in managing negative emotions. By analyzing specific emotional disorders among substance users' families, these emotional problems have been identified and classified, and in this regard, investigated why skills through emotion regulation therapy (ERT) is a vital part of addiction treatment.
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Sherman, Jamie A., Niza A. Tonarely, and Jill Ehrenreich-May. "Targeting Comorbid Anxiety and Depression Using the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents." Clinical Case Studies 17, no. 2 (January 24, 2018): 59–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1534650117753671.
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This article presents the use of an emotion-focused, transdiagnostic therapy approach designed for adolescents with a range of anxiety, obsessive-compulsive, depressive, and related disorders, referred to here as emotional disorders. Preliminary work suggests that emotional disorders share underlying temperament factors, such as high neuroticism and low extroversion in adults and adolescents, possibly influencing the development and maintenance of emotional disorders across the life span. The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (UP-A) and similar core dysfunction-focused, transdiagnostic therapy approaches may lead to successful treatment by targeting higher order factors that cut across an array of emotional disorders The utility of UP-A for adolescents experiencing a variety of emotional disorder symptoms is demonstrated here through the case illustration of Tony, a 15-year-old adolescent male with severe social and generalized anxiety and mild levels of depression. After 16 individual treatment sessions, Tony demonstrated significant reductions in anxiety and depressive symptoms, as well as an ability to respond more adaptively to a range of emotional experiences. This case study illustrates how short-term, transdiagnostic treatment using the UP-A can effectively ameliorate a wide range of emotional disorder symptoms in adolescents and may also lead to changes in core features of neuroticism, potentially preventing development of further emotional difficulties over time.
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Muñoz-Navarro, Roger, Antonio Cano Vindel, Florian Schmitz, Rosario Cabello, and Pablo Fernández-Berrocal. "Emotional Disorders During the COVID-19 Outbreak in Spain: The Role of Sociodemographic Risk Factors and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies." Health Education & Behavior 48, no. 4 (May 19, 2021): 412–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/10901981211014101.
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Background Cognitive emotion regulation strategies (CERS) play a transdiagnostic role in emotional disorders, but the role of these strategies in coping with emotions during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic remains poorly understood. Aims To assess the presence of emotional disorders in Spain and the association to sociodemographic characteristics and CERS during the COVID-19 outbreak. Method Cross-sectional survey administered through an online platform. Sociodemographic variables and CERS (CERQ-Short) were collected and possible diagnoses of generalized anxiety disorder (GAD, GAD-7), major depression disorder (MDD; Patient Health Questionnaire–9 [PHQ-9]), panic attacks (PA; PHQ-PD), and panic disorders (PD; PHQ-PD) were assessed. Sociodemographic risk factors and CERS association to the possible diagnosis of emotional disorders were reported with hierarchical multivariate logistic regression analyses. Results A total of 1,753 respondents completed the questionnaire in Spain. Of these, most (76.8%) were female, with a mean ( SD) age of 40.4 years (12.9). A high proportion of participants met diagnostic criteria for emotional disorders: 15.3% for GAD, 12.2% for MDD, 17.2% for PD, and 25.7% had experienced a PA. The contribution of sociodemographic variables to diagnoses of emotional disorders was modest, explaining from 3.1% to 5.7% of the variance; however, when CERS were added, the combination of sociodemographic and CERS explained from 15% to 29% of the variance. Rumination and catastrophizing were the most transdiagnostic maladaptive strategies and positive refocusing was another adaptive strategy. Discussion Although results from convenience samples should be handled with caution, the high prevalence of emotional disorders in this study suggests that the demand of mental health interventions will probably increase in Spain. Also, CERS play a clear role in the presence of these disorders. Conclusion Intervention programs should focus on training CERS in populations at high risk, focusing on the reduction of maladaptive CERS and the reinforce of other more adaptive CERS.
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Sandín, Bonifacio, Julia García-Escalera, Rosa M. Valiente, Victoria Espinosa, and Paloma Chorot. "Clinical Utility of an Internet-Delivered Version of the Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (iUP-A): A Pilot Open Trial." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 17, no. 22 (November 10, 2020): 8306. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph17228306.
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The Unified Protocol for Transdiagnostic Treatment of Emotional Disorders in Adolescents (UP-A) has been shown to be effective for reducing symptoms of anxiety and depression in adolescents with emotional disorders. Internet-delivered psychological treatments have great potential to improve access to evidence-based psychological therapy since they are associated with reduced human and economic costs and less social stigma. Recently, our group developed an online version of the UP-A (the iUP-A) for the treatment of emotional disorders in adolescents. The aim of this pilot trial was to test the clinical utility of the iUP-A in a small sample (n = 12) of adolescents with elevated anxiety and/or depressive symptoms. Intention-to-treat and completer analyses revealed pre- to post-intervention self-reported decreases of anxiety and depressive symptoms, anxiety sensitivity, emotional avoidance, panic disorder symptoms, panic disorder severity, generalized anxiety disorder symptoms, pathological worry, and major depressive disorder symptoms. We found high feasibility and acceptability of the program with all participants and responsible parents reporting an improvement in the adolescents’ ability to cope with emotions. Results suggest that the iUP-A may provide a new approach to improve access to treatment for anxious and depressive adolescents in Spain; however, further research must be conducted before firm conclusions can be drawn.
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Chen, Xiaomeng. "Atypical Emotional Responses in Borderline Personality Disorder and Implications for Intervention." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 187–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4247.
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Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is defined as a mood instability personality disorder. Generally, people with BPD develop suicidal, self-harming behaviors, and comorbid disorders, such as major depression disorder (MDD) and anxiety disorder. BPD is mainly caused by traumatic experiences and abuse in childhood. The symptom of BPD usually begins at adolescence. According to the previous research, BPD patients expressed more negative emotions comparing with typically developing group. Their reference activity (RA) and reflective function (RF) are both damaged. Besides that, BPD patients are also different from the norm in terms of self-consciousness at two aspects. Additionally, BPD patients may experience emotional dysregulation and loss of emotional goals. They have greater aggressive tendency rather than cooperation. Moreover, BPD groups were difficult to discern ambiguous facial emotions, and traumatic experiences can also influence the facial recognition barriers. Regarding interventions for BPD, BPD patients are taught to use the emotional labels to regulate emotions. After intervention, BPD groups improved their patience and adjusted their emotional difficulties. In the previous studies, the samples were relatively small, and no long-term observation were conducted. Future research should adopt longitudinal designs to enable deeper understanding of this area. This review can give some suggestions to intervention studies and practices for adolescents who are at risk of BPD.
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Rabins, Peter V., and Jeffrey L. Cummings. "Involuntary Emotional Expression Disorder." CNS Spectrums 12, S5 (2007): 5. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1092852900025943.
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Involuntary emotional expression disorder (IEED), a distressing and potentially debilitating condition characterized by uncontrollable episodes of laughing and/or crying, causes extensive social and occupational dysfunction amongst patients. However, despite affecting more than one million people worldwide, IEED is often overlooked or misdiagnosed, and current treatments are compromised by uncertain efficacy. In this supplement we review the epidemiology and pathophysiology of IEED, and discuss new pharmacologic interventions which may afford opportunities for symptom control amongst IEED sufferers.Although the uncontrollable episodes of emotion which characterize IEED were first described more than a century ago, a bewildering profusion of terminology has since confused and hampered the efforts of physicians to recognize and treat this condition. In the first article, John E. Duda, MD, examines the history of IEED in the medical literature, and evaluates the prevalence of the condition amongst patients in whom emotional or affective motor control has become dysregulated, either as a result of brain damage from neurological disease or as a result of brain injury.
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WALTERS, GLENN D., MILLARD F. MANN, MELVIN P. MILLER, LESLIE L. HEMPHILL, and MICHAEL L. CHLUMSKY. "Emotional Disorder among Offenders." Criminal Justice and Behavior 15, no. 4 (December 1988): 433–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0093854888015004002.
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Chapela, E., M. Félix-Alcántara, J. Quintero, I. Morales, J. Gómez-Arnau, and J. Correas. "The emotional intelligence in severe mental disorders: A comparative study in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S330—S331. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.1146.
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IntroductionSevere mental disorders have deficits in different aspects of social cognition, which seem to be more pronounced in patients with schizophrenia compared to those with bipolar disorder. Emotional intelligence, defined as the ability to process, understand and manage emotions, is one of the main components of the sociocognition. Both in schizophrenia and bipolar disorder have been described changes in emotional intelligence, but only few studies compare both disorders.ObjectivesThe objective of this research is to increase knowledge about the differences between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.AimsTo compare emotional intelligence in patients with schizophrenia versus bipolar patients.MethodsSeventy-five adult patients with schizophrenia and bipolar disorder were evaluate.The assessment protocol consisted of a questionnaire on socio-demographic and clinical-care data, and a battery of assessment scales (BPRS, PANSS, SCID-I-RV, YMRS, HDRS, CGI-S, EEAG, MSCEIT). Among the assessment tools of emotional intelligence, we select MSCEIT as the most validated.Statistical analysis was performed using SPSS 23 version. After the descriptive analysis of the data, we compare the results of the scales.ResultsBoth disorders show a deterioration of emotional intelligence compared to the general population. There were no statistically significant differences in the comparison of emotional intelligence between schizophrenia and bipolar disorder.ConclusionSchizophrenia and bipolar disorder have deficits in emotional intelligence, while it is difficult to show differences between them. These changes in emotional intelligence are part of a set of cognitive, social and non-social skills, which are altered in these severe mental disorders.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Millgram, Yael, June Gruber, Cynthia M. Villanueva, Anna Rapoport, and Maya Tamir. "Motivations for Emotions in Bipolar Disorder." Clinical Psychological Science 9, no. 4 (March 29, 2021): 666–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702620979583.
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Recent work has begun to examine the link between motivation for specific emotions and psychopathology. Yet research on this topic to date has focused primarily on depression. To understand patterns of motivation for emotions within and across affective disorders, we assessed motivation for emotions in adults at increased risk for and diagnosed with bipolar disorder (BD). We focused on motivation for negative (i.e., sadness) and positive (i.e., happiness) emotions and for emotional instability using self-report and behavioral measures. Both increased BD risk and diagnosis of BD were associated with increased motivation for sadness and decreased motivation for happiness as assessed by behavioral measures. Such motivational tendencies were less consistent when assessed by self-reports. Higher BD risk was associated with increased self-reported motivation for emotional instability (Studies 1–3), although this association was not evident in BD (Study 4). Findings suggest both similarities and differences in motivation for emotions in affective disorders.
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Fitriani, Dewi Yunia, Dewi Sumaryani Soemarko, Indra Hardjono, Astrid Sulistomo, and Aria Kekalih. "Work-Family Conflict and Mental Emotional Disorder in Female Nurses at National Referral Hospital in Jakarta." Journal Of The Indonesian Medical Association 70, no. 10 (November 4, 2020): 200–206. http://dx.doi.org/10.47830/jinma-vol.70.10-2020-268.
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Introduction: Emotional mental disorder (EMD) is a state of psychological distress that, if not handled properly, can lead to severe mental disorders. One potential psychosocial hazard that is thought to be related to mental health disorders is work-family conflict (WFC). The issue of family-work balance has become an important issue among Indonesian female workers, especially with the rapidly growing female worker society and the strong family culture. This study aimed to identify the association between work-family conflict and emotional mental disorder in female nurses. Methods: This cross-sectional study included 264 female nurses who work at national referral general hospital in Jakarta. Their emotional mental disorder was measured using Self-Reported Questionnaire 20 (SRQ-20) and the work-family conflict was measured using the Work-Family Conflict Scale (WCFS). Results: The prevalence of emotional mental disorder in female nurses was 23.5%. The most dominant factor associated with emotional mental disorder is work-family conflict (OR 2,40, CI 95% 1,32-4,35, p=0,004). Conclusion: There is a significant association between work-family conflicts and emotional mental disorders in female nurses in Indonesia. Nurses with work-family conflicts are more likely to have emotional mental disorders. Regular mental health checks and counseling should be performed along with periodic health checks.
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Dantas, Adilmar Coelho, and Marcelo Zanchetta do Nascimento. "Recognition of Emotions for People with Autism: An Approach to Improve Skills." International Journal of Computer Games Technology 2022 (January 15, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/6738068.
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Autism spectrum disorder refers to a neurodevelopmental disorders characterized by repetitive behavior patterns, impaired social interaction, and impaired verbal and nonverbal communication. The ability to recognize mental states from facial expressions plays an important role in both social interaction and interpersonal communication. Thus, in recent years, several proposals have been presented, aiming to contribute to the improvement of emotional skills in order to improve social interaction. In this paper, a game is presented to support the development of emotional skills in people with autism spectrum disorder. The software used helps to develop the ability to recognize and express six basic emotions: joy, sadness, anger, disgust, surprise, and fear. Based on the theory of facial action coding systems and digital image processing techniques, it is possible to detect facial expressions and classify them into one of the six basic emotions. Experiments were performed using four public domain image databases (CK+, FER2013, RAF-DB, and MMI) and a group of children with autism spectrum disorder for evaluating the existing emotional skills. The results showed that the proposed software contributed to improvement of the skills of detection and recognition of the basic emotions in individuals with autism spectrum disorder.
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Yaroslavtsev, Serhii. "Emotional sphere disorders in patients with cognitive impairments in depressive disorders." Ukrains'kyi Visnyk Psykhonevrolohii, Volume 28, issue 4 (105) (December 29, 2020): 51–54. http://dx.doi.org/10.36927/2079-0325-v28-is4-2020-9.
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362 patients with cognitive impairment in depressive disorders were examined: 123 patients with recurrent depressive disorder (RDD), 141 patients with bipolar affective disorder (BAD) and 98 patients with prolonged depressive reaction (PDR). A set of research methods was used: clinical-psychopathological and statistical. As a result of the study, the clinical and psychopathological features of affective disorders in different types of depressive disorders were identified: a predominance of apathy, emotional lability, hypothymia, anxiety, feelings of dissatisfaction, despair and anhedonia were identified in patients with RDD; a low mood, apathy, emotional coldness, hypothymia, ambivalence of emotions, dysphoria, dissatisfaction, feelings of sadness and annoyance were identified in patients with BAD; a feelings of despair, anxiety, dissatisfaction, hypothymia, fear, sadness, feelings of horror and fear, emotional lability, feelings of anger, hostility and shame and sensitivity were dominated in patients with PDR.
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Thompson, Renee J., Jutta Mata, Susanne M. Jaeggi, Martin Buschkuehl, John Jonides, and Ian H. Gotlib. "The Role of Attention to Emotion in Recovery from Major Depressive Disorder." Depression Research and Treatment 2013 (2013): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/540726.
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Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is characterized by several emotional disturbances. One possible but not well-examined disturbance is in attention to emotion, an important facet of emotional awareness. We examined whether attention to emotion predicted recovery from MDD. Fifty-three adults with current MDD completed a week of experience sampling (Time 1). At each prompt, participants reported attention to emotion, negative affect (NA), and positive affect (PA). Approximately one year later (Time 2), the depressive status of 27 participants was reassessed. Participants who had recovered from MDD (n=8) indicated paying less attention to their emotions at Time 1 than did participants who had not fully recovered (n=19). Attention to emotion was better predictor of recovery than was severity of MDD, NA, or PA at Time 1. Levels of attention to emotion at Time 1 in participants who recovered from MDD did not differ significantly from the levels reported by 53 never-depressed individuals who had participated in the experience sampling. Findings indicate that high levels of an otherwise adaptive emotional facet can adversely affect the course of MDD.
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López-Martín, S., J. Albert, A. Fernández-Jaén, and L. Carretié. "Emotional response inhibition in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder: neural and behavioural data." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 10 (February 24, 2015): 2057–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291714003195.
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BackgroundAlthough both emotion and response inhibition are thought to be important in attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD), little is known about the neural mechanisms that underlie the interaction between these two processes in patients with this disorder. This study aimed at examining how emotional contexts affect inhibitory control in children with ADHD.MethodA total of 24 ADHD children and 24 healthy comparison subjects performed a modified go/no-go task during three different emotionally laden contexts: negative, neutral and positive. To explore the timing and the underlying neural substrates of emotion-modulated response inhibition, event-related potentials were measured and further analysed both at the scalp and at the voxel level.ResultsPatients with ADHD showed greater activation of inhibition-related neural mechanisms (i.e. no-go P3 amplitudes and orbitofrontal cortex activity) to maintain a similar level of performance as healthy comparison subjects, especially during the emotionally arousing contexts (negative and positive).ConclusionsThis study provides plausible neural mechanisms for the difficulty that ADHD children have in controlling their behaviour in highly emotional situations. Such emotional contexts might increase the need for top-down inhibitory control and put ADHD children at greater risk for impulsive behaviours and emotional dysregulation.
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Tatisina, Cut Mutia, Ahmad An Naufal, and Hamdan Hariawan. "Mental-Emotional Disorder among Post-Earthquake Responders in Ambon Maluku." Jurnal Ners 15, no. 1Sp (July 7, 2020): 91–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.20473/jn.v15i1sp.18970.
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Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explain the factors related to mental-emotional disorder among post-earthquake responders in Ambon, Maluku. Methods: The design was observational analytics with a cross-sectional approach. Respondents were 174 people living near the epicenter and taken by simple random sampling. The independent variables were age, sex and work status, damage to the residence, the family members dying from earthquakes, and assistance from the government. The dependent variable was mental-emotional disorders. Data of mental-emotional disorder were collected using the SRQ 20 (Self-Reported Questionnaire) and analyzed using logistic regression (α <0.05).Results: The results showed 69% of respondents experienced mental-emotional disorders. Communities who were 17-25 years (OR = 0.05; 95% CI = 0.005 - 0.491) tend to experience mental-emotional disorders. Communities with moderate category of residence damage (OR = 0.313; CI95% = 0.115 - 0.856) tend to experience mental-emotional disorders. Communities with family members dying from earthquakes (OR = 2,616; CI95% = 1,228 - 5,577) tend to experience mental-emotional disorders. Communities who did not get residence compensation (OR = 2,575; CI95% = 1,073 - 6,177) tend to experience mental-emotional disorders.Conclusion: There were factors related to mental-emotional disorder among post-earthquake victims, such as teenagers who were 17-25 years old, community with residence damage and injured or died family members, and those who did not get assistance. Assisting still needs to be done to prevent mental-emotional disorders of people affected by earthquake.
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Spencer-Laitt, Daniella, Elizabeth H. Eustis, David H. Barlow, and Todd J. Farchione. "The Impact of COVID-19 Related Social Distancing on Mental Health Outcomes: A Transdiagnostic Account." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 11 (May 28, 2022): 6596. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19116596.
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The COVID-19 pandemic, and the social distancing practices that followed, have been associated with increased prevalence of emotional disorders. However, not all individuals affected by COVID-19-related social distancing experienced elevations in emotional disorder symptoms. Understanding this phenomenon is of crucial public health significance given the burden of emotional disorders on individuals and systems. In this narrative review, we consider the differential impact of COVID-19-related social distancing on mental health outcomes from a transdiagnostic perspective. We argue that individuals high in negative affect and aversive reactivity to emotion, that is, neuroticism, and who respond to such emotional experiences with emotion-motivated avoidant coping, are most likely to experience emotional disorders in the context of COVID-19 social distancing. We acknowledge the pro-social and adaptive function of some types of avoidance during the pandemic, which may have initially buffered against negative mental health outcomes. Implications of this conceptualization for treatment of emotional disorders in the present sociocultural context are discussed.
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Bellani, M., C. Bonivento, and P. Brambilla. "Interaction between cognition and emotion in developmental psychopathology: the role of linguistic stimuli." Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences 21, no. 3 (May 15, 2012): 249–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2045796012000273.
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Investigations on emotional words demonstrated that processing emotional information in child patients with anxiety disorders diagnosed for anxiety (generalized anxiety disorder and post-traumatic stress disorder) or depression is biased towards pathology-related stimuli. Also, neuroimaging studies showed a failure of prefrontal areas in inhibiting the emotional reaction in children with bipolar disorder. Finally, despite several studies investigated memory and attention using emotional words, little is known about the development of emotional lexicon in both healthy and psychopathological children.
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Zdankiewicz-Ścigała, Elżbieta, Dawid Ścigała, Joanna Sikora, Wanda Kwaterniak, and Claudio Longobardi. "Relationship between interoceptive sensibility and somatoform disorders in adults with autism spectrum traits. The mediating role of alexithymia and emotional dysregulation." PLOS ONE 16, no. 8 (August 24, 2021): e0255460. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0255460.
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Objective The purpose of the study is to analyses the relationship between interoceptive sensibility and somatoform disorders among persons with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD). It has been assumed that the interoceptive sensibility is accompanied by a high level of alexithymia and emotion dysregulation in somatoform disorders. Methods Persons under the care of the foundation helping people with ASD were asked to participate in the study. In total, 205 people took part in the research. The participants aged from 18 to 63 (M = 34.91; SD = 8.44). The ASD group comprised 79 persons (38.5% of subjects). The control group comprised 126 individuals (61.5% of subjects). Participants completed self-report questionnaires measuring autism (AQ), interoceptive sensibility (BPQ), alexithymia (TAS20), emotional dysregulation (DERS), and somatoform disorder (SDQ). Results The analyses showed a moderation effect of the group, which indicates the existence of a relationship between interoceptive sensibility and somatoform disorders to the greater extent in the clinical group than in the control group. In addition, the serial multiple mediation model analysis allowed to verify the mediating effect of emotion dysregulation and alexithymia on the abovementioned relationship. The indirect effect, which assumed the mediating role of alexithymia turned out to be significant, contrary to the indirect effect where emotion dysregulation was a mediator in a situation where both variables were applied simultaneously. Conclusions Interoceptive sensibility correlated with level of alexithymia, in particular, difficulties in identifying and verbalizing emotions and emotion dysregulation in the lack of emotional awareness and lack of emotional clarity and is associated with somatoform disorders in the investigated group regardless of participants’ belonging to the ASD or control group.
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Chaidi, Irene, and Athanasios Drigas. "Emotional intelligence and autism spectrum disorder." Technium Social Sciences Journal 35 (September 9, 2022): 126–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.47577/tssj.v35i1.7271.
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In recent years there has been a growing interest in people on the autism spectrum emotional intelligence, an area in which people with Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) show a deficit. The aim of this work is through a literature review of the research a) to illustrate the emotional development and education of individuals on the spectrum and b) to present the findings of eye-tracking, neuro-imaging, and electro-physiological studies in individuals with ASD because they allow researchers, among other things, to discover the mechanisms and how they affect emotion. (c) Raise questions about the development of educational methods aimed at enhancing the emotional development of individuals on the autism spectrum and subsequently the development of social skills.
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Remmes, Cara S., and Jill Ehrenreich-May. "Parental Emotion Regulation Strategy Use and Responses to Youth Negative Affect." Journal of Cognitive Psychotherapy 28, no. 1 (2014): 34–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1891/0889-8391.28.1.34.
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Parental responses to youth negative affect have been associated with social and emotional outcomes in youth. However, the association between such parenting behaviors and essential components of youth emotion regulation is not well studied, especially in youth with anxiety and depressive disorders. This investigation examined the influence of parents’ emotion regulation strategies and their responses to youth negative affect on adolescent-reported emotional awareness and emotional expression in a clinical sample of youth with anxiety disorders. In addition, this study examined the relationship between parent-reported use of emotion regulation strategies and parental reactions to youth negative affect. Questionnaires were completed by 67 adolescents (ages 12–18 years) and by one of their parents during an intake assessment at a university-based clinic. Adolescents had a primary anxiety or depressive disorder diagnosis. Results indicated a positive relationship between parent-reported use of suppression and youth report of poor emotional understanding in adolescents with a primary anxiety or depressive disorder. A positive relationship between parent-reported use of reappraisal and emotion-coaching responses to youth negative affect was also found. Clinical implications of these findings are discussed in the context of parental socialization of youth emotion regulation and in terms of prevention and intervention efforts.
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Daus, Henning, Timon Bloecher, Ronny Egeler, Richard De Klerk, Wilhelm Stork, and Matthias Backenstrass. "Development of an Emotion-Sensitive mHealth Approach for Mood-State Recognition in Bipolar Disorder." JMIR Mental Health 7, no. 7 (July 3, 2020): e14267. http://dx.doi.org/10.2196/14267.
Full textAbstract:
Internet- and mobile-based approaches have become increasingly significant to psychological research in the field of bipolar disorders. While research suggests that emotional aspects of bipolar disorders are substantially related to the social and global functioning or the suicidality of patients, these aspects have so far not sufficiently been considered within the context of mobile-based disease management approaches. As a multiprofessional research team, we have developed a new and emotion-sensitive assistance system, which we have adapted to the needs of patients with bipolar disorder. Next to the analysis of self-assessments, third-party assessments, and sensor data, the new assistance system analyzes audio and video data of these patients regarding their emotional content or the presence of emotional cues. In this viewpoint, we describe the theoretical and technological basis of our emotion-sensitive approach and do not present empirical data or a proof of concept. To our knowledge, the new assistance system incorporates the first mobile-based approach to analyze emotional expressions of patients with bipolar disorder. As a next step, the validity and feasibility of our emotion-sensitive approach must be evaluated. In the future, it might benefit diagnostic, prognostic, or even therapeutic purposes and complement existing systems with the help of new and intuitive interaction models.
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Aghajani, Mitra, Mahshid Izadi, Noorali Farrokhi, and Fariba Hassani. "Emotional Dysregulation Symptoms Based on Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward and Intensity Mediated by Emotion Regulation." Practice in Clinical Psychology 9, no. 2 (April 1, 2021): 153–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.32598/jpcp.9.2.771.1.
Full textAbstract:
Objective: The emotion dysregulation model by Mennin and Fresco considers the high comorbidity of generalized anxiety disorder and major depressive disorder and pays special attention to their comorbidity. Additionally, due to the high comorbidity of social anxiety disorder as well as anxiety and mood disorders, this disorder was considered along with the last two disorders. This study aimed to assess a Conceptual Model of Emotional Dysregulation Symptoms Based on Sensitivity to Punishment and Reward and Intensity of Positive and Negative Emotions Mediated by Emotion Regulation Strategies in Students. Methods: In total, 189 students affiliated with the Sharif University were selected by random sampling method. Then, the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), the Generalized Anxiety Disorder 7-item (GAD-7), the Social Interaction Anxiety Scale (SIAS), the Affect Intensity Measure (AIM), the Sensitivity to Punishment/Sensitivity to Reward Questionnaire (SPSRQ), the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale (DERS), the Attention Control Scale (ATTC), the Experiences Questionnaire (EQ), the Emotion Regulation Questionnaire (ERQ), and the Responses to Positive Affect questionnaire (RPA) were distributed among them to collect the necessary data. The obtained data were analyzed by LISREL using structural equation modeling. Results: Pearson correlation coefficient data indicated a significant relationship between motivation components, positive and negative emotion regulation strategies, and the symptoms of emotion dysregulation. The results showed that the conceptual model of the research fitted with the collected data; accordingly, the positive and negative strategies of emotion regulation mediated the relationship between motivation and the symptoms of emotion dysregulation. Conclusion: The present research results supported the main hypothesis of the study. Thus, positive and negative emotion regulation strategies mediated the relationship between sensitivity to punishment and reward and the intensity of positive and negative emotion with the symptoms of emotion dysregulation.
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Panchal, Priyanka, Alexander Kaltenboeck, and Catherine J. Harmer. "Cognitive emotional processing across mood disorders." CNS Spectrums 24, no. 1 (January 15, 2019): 54–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s109285291800130x.
Full textAbstract:
While impairments in cognitive emotional processing are key to the experience of mood disorders, little is understood of their shared and distinct features across major depressive disorder (MDD) and bipolar disorder (BD). In this review, we discuss the similarities and differences in abnormal emotional processing associated with mood disorders across the cognitive domains of perception, attention, memory, and reward processing, with a particular focus on how these impairments relate to the clinical profile of the disorders. We consider behavioral and neuroimaging evidence, especially that of the growing consensus surrounding mood-congruent biases in cognition, in combination with state- and trait-related characteristics in an attempt to provide a more comprehensive and translational overview of mood disorders. Special consideration is given to the shared phenomenon of mood instability and its role as a potential transdiagnostic marker across the prodrome and maintenance of mood disorders.
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Zhu, Hong, Taisheng Cai, Gui Chen, and Bin Zhang. "Validation of the Emotional Eating Scale Among Chinese Undergraduates." Social Behavior and Personality: an international journal 41, no. 1 (February 1, 2013): 123–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.2224/sbp.2013.41.1.123.
Full textAbstract:
We examined emotional eating among undergraduates in China. The Emotional Eating Scale (EES; Arnow, Kenardy, & Agras, 1995) was translated into Chinese and adapted to assess intensity and frequency of eating in response to different emotions. A factor analysis generated 4 subscales of emotions for which eating is a response: anxiety, depression, anger/hostility, and positive emotion. Internal consistency reliability for the subscales was established (Cronbach's alpha = .817, .852, .832, and .861, respectively). Moderate correlations were found between all subscales, eating pathology, and impulsive control. Positive emotion and negative emotion were found to play an important role in eating behavior. As there was a strong relationship between emotional eaters, especially negative emotional eaters, and eating psychopathology, these individuals may be at high risk of developing an eating disorder and/ or becoming obese.