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1
Green, Melissa J., and Gin S. Malhi. "Neural mechanisms of the cognitive control of emotion." Acta Neuropsychiatrica 18, no. 3-4 (June 2006): 144–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1601-5215.2006.00149.x.
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Background:Emotion regulation involves the initiation of new emotional responses and continual alteration of current emotions in response to rapidly changing environmental and social stimuli. The capacity to effectively implement emotion regulation strategies is essential for psychological health; impairments in the ability to regulate emotions may be critical to the development of clinical levels of depression, anxiety and mania.Objective:This review provides a summary of findings from current research examining the neural mechanisms of emotion regulation by means of conscious cognitive strategies of reappraisal. These findings are considered in the context of related concepts of emotion perception and emotion generation, with discussion of the likely cognitive neuropsychological contributions to emotion regulation and the implications for psychiatric disorders.Results:Convergent evidence implicates an inhibitory role of prefrontal cortex and cingulate regions upon subcortical and cortical emotion generation systems in the cognitive control of emotional experience. Concurrent modulation of cortical activity by the peripheral nervous system is highlighted by recent studies using simultaneous physiological and neuroimaging techniques. Individual differences in emotion perception, generation of affect and neuropsychological skills are likely to have direct consequences for emotion regulation.Conclusions:Emotion regulation relies on synergy within brain stem, limbic and cortical processes that promote the adaptive perception, generation and regulation of affect. Aberrant emotion processing in any of these stages may disrupt this self-sustaining regulatory system, with the potential to manifest in distinct forms of emotion dysregulation as seen in major psychiatric disorders such as depression, bipolar disorder and schizophrenia.
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Sakka, Laura S., and Patrik N. Juslin. "Emotion regulation with music in depressed and non-depressed individuals." Music & Science 1 (January 1, 2018): 205920431875502. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2059204318755023.
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Music is often used for regulating emotions in everyday life and could have both beneficial and harmful effects on emotional health. Depression is associated with impaired emotion-regulation skills, but few studies have examined whether such impairments apply to a musical context also. The aim of the present study was thus to compare depressed and non-depressed individuals with regard to their use of music for emotion regulation in everyday life. Seventy-seven listeners (19–65 years old) filled out a brief questionnaire, which measured emotion regulation in terms of the prevalence of various regulation goals, strategies, and mechanisms. The overall results indicated that the most frequent goal was to enhance positive emotions. Discharge was the most frequently used strategy and suppression was the least frequently used. A range of causal mechanisms were reported to occur. Contrary to our hypotheses, there were few differences between depressed and non-depressed listeners. We argue that knowledge gained from studies of emotion regulation may be used in field interventions that aim to teach depressed individuals how to use music to regulate emotions effectively.
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Förster, Katharina, Marcel Kurtz, Annika Konrad, and Philipp Kanske. "Emotional Reactivity, Emotion Regulation, and Social Emotions in Affective Disorders." Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie 51, no. 1 (January 2022): 11–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000648.
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Abstract. Affective disorders, specifically Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorders, show high prevalence, relapse rates, and a high likelihood to develop a chronic course. For the past two decades, research has investigated the neural correlates of emotion processing and emotion regulation in patients with affective disorders. Putative underlying causal mechanisms of dysregulated affect have been informed by knowledge from the intersection of neuroimaging and clinical psychology. More recent investigations also consider processing the role of mostly negative, self-blaming social emotions, which have been linked to treatment resistance and, hence, provide a prolific target for intervention. Several psychotherapeutic treatment approaches already focus on emotion, and here specific knowledge about the mechanisms underlying persistent changes in affect bears the potential to improve the treatment of affective disorders. In this narrative review, we delineate why and how our insights into the neural correlates of emotion processing and regulation can be applied to the treatment of patients with affective disorders.
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Sala, Maria Nives, Silvia Testa, Francisco Pons, and Paola Molina. "Emotion Regulation and Defense Mechanisms." Journal of Individual Differences 36, no. 1 (February 1, 2015): 19–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/1614-0001/a000151.
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This study examined the relations between emotion regulation and defense mechanisms as assessed through self-report questionnaires. Participants were 314 undergraduate students at the University of Turin (Faculty of Agricultural Studies, School of Sport and Exercise Sciences and Faculty of Psychology). Correlational analysis identified several associations between emotion regulation strategies and defense mechanisms. A second-order factor model was tested in which each of the dimensions assessed by the defense mechanisms and emotion regulation instruments was assigned to either an adaptive or maladaptive latent dimension. The results suggested that the dimensions of adaptiveness and maladaptiveness may represent a key link between emotion regulation and defense mechanisms.
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Grecucci, Alessandro, Edoardo Pappaianni, Roma Siugzdaite, Anthony Theuninck, and Remo Job. "Mindful Emotion Regulation: Exploring the Neurocognitive Mechanisms behind Mindfulness." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/670724.
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The purpose of this paper is to review some of the psychological and neural mechanisms behind mindfulness practice in order to explore the unique factors that account for its positive impact on emotional regulation and health. After reviewing the mechanisms of mindfulness and its effects on clinical populations we will consider how the practice of mindfulness contributes to the regulation of emotions. We argue that mindfulness has achieved effective outcomes in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and other psychopathologies through the contribution of mindfulness to emotional regulation. We consider the unique factors that mindfulness meditation brings to the process of emotion regulation that may account for its effectiveness. We review experimental evidence that points towards the unique effects of mindfulness specifically operating over and above the regulatory effects of cognitive reappraisal mechanisms. A neuroanatomical circuit that leads to mindful emotion regulation is also suggested. This paper thereby aims to contribute to proposed models of mindfulness for research and theory building by proposing a specific model for the unique psychological and neural processes involved in mindful detachment that account for the effects of mindfulness over and above the effects accounted for by other well-established emotional regulation processes such as cognitive reappraisal.
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Kumar, Sudhir, Anil Gaur, and Sandhyarani Mohanty. "Cognitive emotion regulation in unaffected offspring of schizophrenic patients." International Journal of Research in Medical Sciences 5, no. 10 (September 28, 2017): 4497. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-6012.ijrms20174584.
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Background: Schizophrenic patients are reported to use ‘suppression’ strategy for emotion regulation. Milder levels of psychological issues are observed in first degree relatives of patients with schizophrenia. In this study, we examined usage of cognitive emotion regulation strategies associated with negative emotions in offspring of schizophrenic patients.Method: 20 schizophrenic patients and 20 their offspring were sampled. Cognitive emotion regulation questionnaire and depression, stress, anxiety scales were administered on each participant.Results: The results revealed greater usage of adaptive emotion regulation strategies by offspring and negative strategy by schizophrenic patients. However, under conditions of negative emotions, there is significant reduction in the usage of adaptive coping emotion regulation strategy in the offspring.Conclusion: The results implicate need for strengthening adaptive coping mechanisms under vulnerable conditions of emotional turmoil.
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Wu, Xinxing, and Yun Lu. "MENTAL HEALTH STATUS AND EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR REGULATIONOF SCI-TECH JOURNAL EDITORS AND ITS IMPACT ON JOURNAL QUALITY." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): A110—A111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac032.148.
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Abstract Background Psychological fatigue is a common psychological phenomenon among college journal editors. Emotion regulation is a process in which individuals use various factors and means to regulate and control their own emotions. Emotion regulation is an activity that serves personal purposes and is conducive to their own survival and development. Emotion regulation is the strategy and means that individuals use to regulate emotions when facing positive and negative emotions. It includes conscious strategies and unconscious emotion regulation mechanisms commonly used by individuals. Emotion regulation plays an important role in mental health. By studying the current situation and causes of psychological fatigue of college journal editors, we can formulate corresponding management countermeasures. This paper analyzes the various psychological pressures existing in the editors of scientific and technological journals, and discusses how to adjust their own psychology. This can reduce the editor's mental illness, promote mental health, and invest in the editor's work with a better mood and abundant energy. Emotion regulation can prevent and eliminate the adverse factors causing psychological fatigue, so as to improve the enthusiasm and creativity of editors and improve the quality of university journals. Subjects and methods On the basis of consulting a large number of relevant literature, this study compiled a questionnaire of emotion regulation style of scientific and technological editors with certain reliability and validity by using open-ended questionnaire. The emotion regulation mode of editors was measured by questionnaire, and the emotion regulation mode of sci-tech journal editors was understood. On this basis, this paper studies the relationship between emotion regulation and the editing quality of scientific and technological journals. 85 editors of sci-tech journals were tested with the symptom Checklist-90 and compared with the Chinese youth norm. After the intervention of emotion regulation, 37 people were randomly selected from the above 85 people, and the editors of scientific and technological journals were investigated by 90 symptom checklist and Eysenck Personality Questionnaire. Results The incidence of psychological problems of sci-tech journal editors was 15.79%. The incidence of psychological problems of responsible editors was significantly higher than that of General Editors (P <0.05). The five factor scores of somatization, compulsion, interpersonal relationship, depression and anxiety of sci-tech journal editors were significantly higher than the National Youth norm (P < 0.01). The editors of sci-tech periodicals have certain psychological problems, especially the psychological problems of responsible editors, which should be paid attention to by relevant departments and leaders. After the intervention of emotion regulation, the results show that the editor's mental health is good, and the stability of emotion is an important factor affecting his mental health. Therefore, editors of sci-tech journals should be good at controlling their emotions and maintaining their psychological integrity when facing various pressures. In the face of positive emotions, the emotional regulation methods used by journal editors from more to less are: emotional sharing, emotional disclosure, emotional maintenance, motivation, restraint and sublimation. The frequency of emotion used by editors is shifted from less emotional experience and less emotional stress to more emotional stress. Journal Editors mainly regulate positive emotions by means of emotional sharing and emotional disclosure, and regulate negative emotions by means of cognitive reappraisal and venting. There are professional, work intensity and gender differences in the emotional regulation of journal editors. There is a positive correlation between emotional sharing, motivation, restraint, emotional maintenance, emotional disclosure, distraction and cognitive reappraisal in positive emotion regulation and life satisfaction. However, there is a negative correlation between the ways of regulating the sublimation of positive emotions, the venting of negative emotions, depression, experiencing pain and relaxation and life satisfaction. Among the twelve emotion regulation factors that predict life satisfaction, the factors of positive emotion regulation and negative emotion regulation, such as venting, depression and experiencing pain, have significant predictive power on life satisfaction. Conclusion The psychological health and emotional stability of sci-tech journal editors are related to the quality of journal editors. Correct emotion regulation and guidance can dispel the editor's psychological fatigue and promote his emotional stability. The emotional stability of sci-tech periodical editors can improve the editing quality of sci-tech periodicals. Therefore, the competent department of sci-tech periodicals should pay attention to the mental health status of periodical editors, eliminate psychological fatigue and stabilize their emotions through psychological intervention.
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Kass, Andrea E., Jennifer E. Wildes, and Emil F. Coccaro. "Identification and regulation of emotions in adults of varying weight statuses." Journal of Health Psychology 24, no. 7 (February 5, 2017): 941–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1359105316689604.
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Comparing individuals of varying weight statuses on their identification and regulation of emotions may increase our understanding of mechanisms that drive excess weight gain and highlight more precise weight regulation targets. In Study I ( N = 1333), adults with obesity had reduced self-reported attention to and repair of emotions compared to adults with overweight or normal weight. In Study II ( N = 85), adults with obesity had deficits in assessor-administrated tasks of strategic emotional intelligence (i.e. understanding and using emotional information for self-management). Problems identifying and regulating emotions could impact emotion regulation processes that lead to problematic behaviors associated with eating and weight gain.
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Rice, Timothy R., and Leon Hoffman. "Defense Mechanisms and Implicit Emotion Regulation." Journal of the American Psychoanalytic Association 62, no. 4 (July 31, 2014): 693–708. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0003065114546746.
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Jones, Thomas M. "The Effects of Mindfulness Meditation on Emotion Regulation, Cognition and Social Skills." European Scientific Journal, ESJ 14, no. 14 (May 31, 2018): 18. http://dx.doi.org/10.19044/esj.2018.v14n14p18.
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This review seeks to bridge the gap between the separate but interacting mechanisms of emotion regulation and cognition, as well as their potential relationship with mindfulness meditation tools. By way of mindfulness meditation, individuals can learn how to regulate their emotions in a way that aversive stimuli will be viewed objectively; thus, the person can be free of attachment from said negative feelings. Knowing this, there is a potential link between emotion regulation processes and cognitive mechanisms that allow such regulation to take place, including selective or focused attention and inhibition. The literature on this theory so far has been inconsistent, however more claims suggest that there is a relationship between the two. This review initially speaks to existing mindfulness research and its implications on emotion regulation and cognitive processes. We then discuss emotion and the underlying processes and potential benefits of emotion regulation practice, as they are related to mindfulness mechanisms. Cognition, and the relationship between emotional intelligence and social skills are also discussed. Finally, we put it all together by suggesting a proactive mindfulness technique, which proves to be beneficial for each area mentioned.
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Compare, Angelo, Cristina Zarbo, Edo Shonin, William Van Gordon, and Chiara Marconi. "Emotional Regulation and Depression: A Potential Mediator between Heart and Mind." Cardiovascular Psychiatry and Neurology 2014 (June 22, 2014): 1–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/324374.
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A narrative review of the major evidence concerning the relationship between emotional regulation and depression was conducted. The literature demonstrates a mediating role of emotional regulation in the development of depression and physical illness. Literature suggests in fact that the employment of adaptive emotional regulation strategies (e.g., reappraisal) causes a reduction of stress-elicited emotions leading to physical disorders. Conversely, dysfunctional emotional regulation strategies and, in particular, rumination and emotion suppression appear to be influential in the pathogenesis of depression and physiological disease. More specifically, the evidence suggests that depression and rumination affect both cognitive (e.g., impaired ability to process negative information) and neurobiological mechanisms (e.g., hypothalamic pituitary adrenal axis overactivation and higher rates of cortisol production). Understanding the factors that govern the variety of health outcomes that different people experience following exposure to stress has important implications for the development of effective emotion-regulation interventional approaches (e.g., mindfulness-based therapy, emotion-focused therapy, and emotion regulation therapy).
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Padun, M. A. "Child’s emotion regulation and emotional security in the family." Современная зарубежная психология 6, no. 2 (2017): 27–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.17759/jmfp.2017060203.
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The article presents brief review of researches about concepts of emotion regulation and emotional security in child development. Mechanisms of family influence on the child’s emotion regulation development such as the interiorization of parent’s assumptions about emotions and ways of their expression, playing by the parents the role of emotional couch for children, and emotion charging through emotional climate in the family are considered. The role of experiencing parental conflict in the development of the child’s sense of emotional security is analyzed. Concepts ‘attachment system’ and ‘social defense system’ are differentiated. Theory of emotional security by Cummings and Davies is considered. This theory presents ways of the influence of parental conflict on child’s psychopathology. Emotional security is considered to be the result of interrelated factors: parental style, parent’s psychopathology, processes in family system and child’s personality traits. Four patterns of child’s cognitive and behavioral strategies of defense in parental conflict are described. Emotion regulation strategies and psychological consequences of these patterns are proposed.
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Doré, Bruce P., Robert R. Morris, Daisy A. Burr, Rosalind W. Picard, and Kevin N. Ochsner. "Helping Others Regulate Emotion Predicts Increased Regulation of One’s Own Emotions and Decreased Symptoms of Depression." Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin 43, no. 5 (March 20, 2017): 729–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0146167217695558.
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Although much research considers how individuals manage their own emotions, less is known about the emotional benefits of regulating the emotions of others. We examined this topic in a 3-week study of an online platform providing training and practice in the social regulation of emotion. We found that participants who engaged more by helping others (vs. sharing and receiving support for their own problems) showed greater decreases in depression, mediated by increased use of reappraisal in daily life. Moreover, social regulation messages with more other-focused language (i.e., second-person pronouns) were (a) more likely to elicit expressions of gratitude from recipients and (b) predictive of increased use of reappraisal over time for message composers, suggesting perspective-taking enhances the benefits of practicing social regulation. These findings unpack potential mechanisms of socially oriented training in emotion regulation and suggest that by helping others regulate, we may enhance our own regulatory skills and emotional well-being.
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Cabral, Joana, Paula M. Matos, Wim Beyers, and Bart Soenens. "Attachment, Emotion Regulation and Coping in Portuguese Emerging Adults: A Test of a Mediation Hypothesis." Spanish journal of psychology 15, no. 3 (November 2012): 1000–1012. http://dx.doi.org/10.5209/rev_sjop.2012.v15.n3.39391.
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Although the quality of parent-adolescent emotional bonds has consistently been proposed as a major influence on young adult's psycho-emotional functioning, the precise means by which these bonds either facilitate or impede adaptive coping are not well-understood. In an effort to advance this inquiry, the present study examined interrelationships among measures of parental attachment, emotion regulation processes, and preferred coping strategies within a sample of 942 college freshmen. Structural Equation Modelling was used to test whether the link between attachment to parents and the use of particular coping strategies is mediated by differences in emotion regulation mechanisms. As hypothesized, differences in attachment to parents predicted differences in the use of emotion regulation mechanisms and coping strategies. More specifically, having a close emotional bond, feeling supported in autonomy processes and having (moderately) low levels of separation anxiety toward parents predict more constructive emotion regulation mechanisms and coping strategies. Additionally emotion regulation was found to (partly or totally) mediate the association between attachment and coping.
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Wang, Yuzheng, Wei Xu, and Fei Luo. "Emotional Resilience Mediates the Relationship Between Mindfulness and Emotion." Psychological Reports 118, no. 3 (May 18, 2016): 725–36. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0033294116649707.
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Previous studies have shown that mindfulness promotes positive mood states and reduces negative ones; however, the underlying mechanisms are still controversial. This study assessed the role of emotional resilience as a mediator between mindfulness and emotional regulation. A total of 421 college students ( M age = 20.0 year, SD = 2.0; males/females/missing are 152/248/4) completed the Five-Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire, Profile of Mood States, and Adolescents’ Emotional Resilience Questionnaire (AERQ). The ability to generate positive emotion (GP) and the ability to recover from negative emotion (RN) are two subscales of the AERQ. A Structural Equation Modeling analysis indicated that emotional resilience mediated the connection between mindfulness and emotion. Specifically, GP mediated the relationship between mindfulness and both positive and negative emotions while RN mainly mediated the relationship between mindfulness and negative emotions. These findings suggest that mindfulness may play a role in regulating positive and negative emotions through the two different aspects of emotional resilience.
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Lindblom, Jallu, Raija-Leena Punamäki, Marjo Flykt, Mervi Vänskä, Tapio Nummi, Jari Sinkkonen, Aila Tiitinen, and Maija Tulppala. "Early Family Relationships Predict Children’s Emotion Regulation and Defense Mechanisms." SAGE Open 6, no. 4 (October 2016): 215824401668139. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2158244016681393.
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Early family relationships have been suggested to influence the development of children’s affect regulation, involving both emotion regulation and defense mechanisms. However, we lack research on the specific family predictors for these two forms of affect regulation, which have been conceptualized to differ in their functions and accessibility to consciousness. Accordingly, we examine how the (a) quality and (b) timing of family relationships during infancy predict child’s later emotion regulation and defense mechanisms. Parents ( N = 703) reported autonomy and intimacy in marital and parenting relationships at the child’s ages of 2 and 12 months, and the child’s use of emotion regulation and immature and neurotic defenses at 7 to 8 years. As hypothesized, the results showed that functional early family relationships predicted children’s efficient emotion regulation, whereas dysfunctional relationships predicted reliance on defense mechanisms in middle childhood. Further, results showed a timing effect for neurotic defenses, partially confirming our hypothesis of early infancy being an especially important period for the development of defense mechanisms. The findings are discussed from the viewpoints of attachment and family dynamics, emotional self-awareness, and sense of security.
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Kim, Haesung, and Jaeeun Lee. "The Effects of Job Stress on Burnout among Military Officers: The Mediated Moderation Effect of Emotional Intelligence through Cognitive Emotion Regulation Strategies." Korean Association For Learner-Centered Curriculum And Instruction 23, no. 3 (February 15, 2023): 311–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.22251/jlcci.2023.23.3.311.
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Objectives This study aimed to investigate the mediated moderation effect to confirm whether emotional intelligence moderates the effect of job stress on burnout among military officers by mediating effect of cognitive emotion regulation strategies.
Methods The Job Stress Scale, Exhaustion Scale, Cognitive Emotional Control Strategy Scale, and Emotional Intelligence Scale were all surveyed in this study. The data collected from 359 military executives was analyzed. SPSS/WIN 25.0 was used for basic statistical processing such as descriptive statistics and correlation analysis. And the statistical results of Hayes' (2018) model 15 analysis using SPSS PROCESS MACRO V3.4 were examined using a step-by-step approach suggested by Muller et al. (2005) to verify the mediated moderating effect.
Results In the relationship between job stress and burnout, the mediated moderating effect of emotional intelligence through the cognitive emotion regulation strategy was found to be significant. The moderating effect of emotional intelligence, in particular, was significant in the positive relationship between job stress and burnout. This moderating effect was confirmed through the mediation of cognitive emotion regulation strategies.
Conclusions These findings explain why there is a relatively weak link between job stress and burnout in the group with high emotional intelligence because cognitive emotion regulation mechanisms are employed. In other words, the employment of positive emotion management techniques lessens the impact of work stress under circumstances of high emotional intelligence. Burnout results from not using the proper emotion regulation mechanisms for job stress in low emotional intelligence environments. This implies that improving emotional intelligence through the use of adaptive cognitive emotion regulation mechanisms is required to lessen burnout among military officers brought on by job stress.
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Legenbauer, Tanja, Jan Hübner, Marlies Pinnow, Anna Ball, Benjamin Pniewski, and Martin Holtmann. "Proper Emotion Recognition, Dysfunctional Emotion Regulation." Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000479.
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Abstract. Objective: A considerable number of adolescents exhibit severe self-regulation deficits in affect and behavior, which are referred to as affective dysregulation (AD). AD may be conceptualized as a dimensional trait that, in its extreme form, resembles the diagnostic categories of severe mood dysregulation (SMD) or disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). Assuming a shared pathway of psychopathology in AD and SMD, similar underlying dysfunctional mechanisms in emotion processing, particularly emotion recognition (RECOG) and regulation (REGUL), may be postulated. Method: Adolescent inpatients with AD (CAD, N = 35), without AD (CCG, N = 28), and nonclinical controls (NCG; N = 28) were administered a morphed facial recognition task (RECOG). REGUL abilities, levels of irritability as well as depressive symptoms were also assessed. Results: We found no significant group differences in accuracy and thresholds for RECOG abilities. Patients with AD reported more dysfunctional REGUL strategies than did CCG and NCG. Both depression and AD, but not irritability, influenced the overall degree of maladaptive REGUL. Conclusion: The broad phenotype of AD does not involve the deficits in RECOG reported for adolescents with a narrow phenotype (SMD); regarding REGUL strategies, AD seems to be associated with specific impairments.
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Perestrelo, J., and B. Teixeira. "Neurocognitive mechanisms behind mindfulness." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S637—S638. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.2399.
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IntroductionClinical applications of mindfulness have become widespread since the introduction of the mindfulness-based stress reduction (MBSR), a treatment program originally developed for the management of chronic pain. Neuroimaging techniques have allowed uncovering the neural mechanisms behind Mindfulness techniques.ObjectiveTo review some of the psychological and neural mechanisms behind mindfulness practice in order to explore the unique factors that account for its positive impact on emotional regulation and health.AimsPsychological and neural mechanisms behind mindfulness practice are reviewed.MethodsA literature review of the theme is surveyed. Several articles were searched on Medline with the keywords “mindfulness”, “meditation”, “neurobiology” and “neurocognitive”.ResultsMindfulness may achieve effective outcomes in the treatment of anxiety, depression, and other psychopathologies through the contribution of emotional regulation. Cognitive reappraisal has been suggested as a core cognitive control skill whereby mindfulness practice may regulate emotions. It seems that a neural circuit comprising the prefrontal cortex (PFC), the anterior cingulate cortex (ACC), the amygdala (A), and the insula (I) are involved in the unique processes of mindful emotion regulation.ConclusionsRecent models of mindfulness allow for more rigorous examination and operationalization of the method to guide research. Increasingly investigators are focusing on the impact that mindfulness has on emotional regulation, which accounts for the effects on mental health.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.
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Messina, Irene, Alessandro Grecucci, and Roberto Viviani. "Neurobiological models of emotion regulation: a meta-analysis of neuroimaging studies of acceptance as an emotion regulation strategy." Social Cognitive and Affective Neuroscience 16, no. 3 (January 21, 2021): 257–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/scan/nsab007.
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Abstract Emotional acceptance is an important emotion regulation strategy promoted by most psychotherapy approaches. We adopted the Activation Likelihood Estimation technique to obtain a quantitative summary of previous fMRI (functional Magnetic Resonance Imaging) studies of acceptance and test different hypotheses on its mechanisms of action. The main meta-analysis included 13 experiments contrasting acceptance to control conditions, yielding a total of 422 subjects and 170 foci of brain activity. Additionally, subgroups of studies with different control conditions (react naturally or focus on emotions) were identified and analysed separately. Our results showed executive areas to be affected by acceptance only in the subgroup of studies in which acceptance was compared to natural reactions. In contrast, a cluster of decreased brain activity located in the posterior cingulate cortex (PCC)/precuneus was associated with acceptance regardless of the control condition. These findings suggest that high-level executive cortical processes are not a distinctive feature of acceptance, whereas functional deactivations in the PCC/precuneus constitute its specific neural substrate. The neuroimaging of emotional acceptance calls into question a key tenet of current neurobiological models of emotion regulation consisting in the necessary involvement of high-level executive processes to actively modify emotional states, suggesting a complementary role for limbic portions of the default system.
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Jenkins, C., K. Thompson, C. Nicholas, and A. Chanen. "P055 Mechanisms Underlying Sleep Disturbance in Young People with Borderline Personality Disorder Features." SLEEP Advances 2, Supplement_1 (October 1, 2021): A39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleepadvances/zpab014.102.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep problems are common in young people (aged 15–25 years) with features of borderline personality disorder (BPD). Yet the mechanisms underlying this relationship remain largely unknown. This study explored the indirect roles of emotion regulation difficulties, depression, anxiety and stress in the relationship between BPD features and sleep disturbance in young people. Method Sleep was measured subjectively (self-report) and objectively (10 days wrist actigraphy) in 40 young people with BPD features (36 females, Mage = 19.77, SD = 2.51) and 38 healthy young people (34 females, Mage = 20.06, SD = 2.52). Participants also completed the Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale and the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale. Results Mediation analyses revealed that impulse control difficulties, limited access to emotion regulation strategies, and anxiety played an indirect role in subjective sleep disturbances in young people with BPD features. Lack of emotional awareness and anxiety indirectly contributed to associations between BPD features and objectively longer time in bed and bedtime variability, respectively. Discussion Targeting impulse control difficulties, emotion regulation strategies and anxiety through improving impulse control, improving emotion regulation skills and reducing pre-sleep arousal might be beneficial for improving subjective sleep in this population. Similarly, improving emotional awareness and reducing anxiety might help to normalise objective sleep patterns. Overall, these findings help to guide the development of targeted sleep-improvement strategies that might serve as useful adjuncts to current interventions for young people with BPD features.
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Grecucci, Alessandro, Hüseyin Sığırcı, Gaia Lapomarda, Letizia Amodeo, Irene Messina, and Jon Frederickson. "Anxiety Regulation: From Affective Neuroscience to Clinical Practice." Brain Sciences 10, no. 11 (November 12, 2020): 846. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/brainsci10110846.
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According to psychoanalysis, anxiety signals a threat whenever a forbidden feeling emerges. Anxiety triggers defenses and maladaptive behaviors, thus leading to clinical problems. For these reasons, anxiety regulation is a core aspect of psychodynamic-oriented treatments to help clients. In the present theoretical paper, we review and discuss anxiety generation and dysregulation, first from a neural point of view, presenting findings from neuroimaging and psychophysiological studies. The aim is to trace parallels with psychodynamic theories of anxiety. Then, we discuss the psychological mechanisms and neural bases of emotion regulation in the laboratory, and possible neurobiological mechanisms of anxiety regulation in psychotherapy. We describe two different approaches to emotion/anxiety regulation, one based on the standard cognitive model of emotion regulation, the other based on psychodynamic principles and affective neuroscience. We then illustrate in detail a dynamic experiential approach to regulation. This model claims that emotions arise before cognition and are not inherently dysregulated. Dysregulation emerges from co-occurrences of emotions and associated anxiety. Technical consequences of this model are discussed and include strategies to regulate anxiety.
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Jiang, Mengqi, Vijayakumar Nanjappan, Martijn ten Bhömer, and Hai-Ning Liang. "On the Use of Movement-Based Interaction with Smart Textiles for Emotion Regulation." Sensors 21, no. 3 (February 2, 2021): 990. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s21030990.
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Research from psychology has suggested that body movement may directly activate emotional experiences. Movement-based emotion regulation is the most readily available but often underutilized strategy for emotion regulation. This research aims to investigate the emotional effects of movement-based interaction and its sensory feedback mechanisms. To this end, we developed a smart clothing prototype, E-motionWear, which reacts to four movements (elbow flexion/extension, shoulder flexion/extension, open and closed arms, neck flexion/extension), fabric-based detection sensors, and three-movement feedback mechanisms (audio, visual and vibrotactile). An experiment was conducted using a combined qualitative and quantitative approach to collect participants’ objective and subjective emotional feelings. Results indicate that there was no interaction effect between movement and feedback mechanism on the final emotional results. Participants preferred vibrotactile and audio feedback rather than visual feedback when performing these four kinds of upper body movements. Shoulder flexion/extension and open-closed arm movements were more effective for improving positive emotion than elbow flexion/extension movements. Participants thought that the E-motionWear prototype were comfortable to wear and brought them new emotional experiences. From these results, a set of guidelines were derived that can help frame the design and use of smart clothing to support users’ emotional regulation.
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Perez, Elliottnell, Sahar Sabet, Pablo Soto, and Joseph Dzierzewski. "0249 Sleeping In to Avoid Acting Out: The Association Between Sleep Regularity and Emotion Regulation." Sleep 45, Supplement_1 (May 25, 2022): A112. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/sleep/zsac079.247.
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Abstract Introduction Sleep and emotions are closely intertwined facets of individuals’ mental health and well-being. Previous studies have consistently shown that sleep is critical in the maintenance of emotion regulation; however, few research studies have examined the association between sleep regularity and emotion regulation skills. The current study seeks to answer this question by examining whether sleep regularity is associated with individual facets of emotion regulation, as well as overall emotion regulation ability. Methods Secondary analysis was performed on data obtained from 999 individuals (M age=44.17, SD=16.23; 47.7% female) who participated in the Investigating Sleep Longitudinally Across Normal Development (ISLAND) online study. The Sleep Regularity Questionnaire was used to measure the degree to which individuals engage in consistent sleep behavior. The Difficulties in Emotion Regulation Scale was used to measure perceived overall emotion regulation ability, as well as individual facets of emotion regulation. Regression analyses were used to determine whether sleep regularity predicted difficulties in emotion regulation while controlling for age, race, gender, sleep quality, and total sleep time. Total sleep time and sleep quality information were obtained from item #4 and item #6 of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index, respectively. Results Less sleep regularity significantly predicted greater overall emotion regulation difficulties (p=.021, B=-.13). Less sleep regularity was associated with greater difficulty in individual facets of emotion regulation including emotional clarity (p<.001, B=-.05), impulse control (p<.001, B=-.05), nonacceptance of emotional responses (p=.009, B=-.04), and access to emotion regulation strategies (p<.001, B=-.06). Surprisingly, greater sleep regularity was associated with more difficulties with emotional awareness (p<.001, B=.09). Sleep regularity was not associated with difficulty engaging in goal-direct behavior (p=.103, B=-.02). Conclusion Poorer sleep regularity significantly predicted greater overall emotion regulation difficulties. Findings from the current study add to the literature supporting the close links between sleep and emotion regulation, and suggest that the promotion and enhancement of consistent, regular sleep may be an important factor that leads to improved emotion regulatory skills beyond the sleep experience (i.e., sleep quality and duration). Additional research is needed to disentangle this association and identify additional factors or mechanisms that may further elucidate this association. Support (If Any) Research reported in this publication was supported by the National Institute on Aging of the National Institutes of Health under Award Number K23AG049955 (PI: Dzierzewski).
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Umeda, Satoshi, Takashi Tsukiura, Toshiaki Kikuchi, and Atsushi Sekiguchi. "Neural mechanisms of emotion regulation: A neuroimaing approach." Proceedings of the Annual Convention of the Japanese Psychological Association 79 (September 22, 2015): SS—085—SS—085. http://dx.doi.org/10.4992/pacjpa.79.0_ss-085.
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Kerr, Kara L., Erin L. Ratliff, Kelly T. Cosgrove, Jerzy Bodurka, Amanda Sheffield Morris, and W. Kyle Simmons. "Parental influences on neural mechanisms underlying emotion regulation." Trends in Neuroscience and Education 16 (September 2019): 100118. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.tine.2019.100118.
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Hum, Kathryn M., Katharina Manassis, and Marc D. Lewis. "Neural mechanisms of emotion regulation in childhood anxiety." Journal of Child Psychology and Psychiatry 54, no. 5 (October 10, 2012): 552–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1469-7610.2012.02609.x.
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Torre, Jared B., and Matthew D. Lieberman. "Putting Feelings Into Words: Affect Labeling as Implicit Emotion Regulation." Emotion Review 10, no. 2 (March 20, 2018): 116–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1754073917742706.
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Putting feelings into words, or “affect labeling,” can attenuate our emotional experiences. However, unlike explicit emotion regulation techniques, affect labeling may not even feel like a regulatory process as it occurs. Nevertheless, research investigating affect labeling has found it produces a pattern of effects like those seen during explicit emotion regulation, suggesting affect labeling is a form of implicit emotion regulation. In this review, we will outline research on affect labeling, comparing it to reappraisal, a form of explicit emotion regulation, along four major domains of effects—experiential, autonomic, neural, and behavioral—that establish it as a form of implicit emotion regulation. This review will then speculate on possible mechanisms driving affect labeling effects and other remaining unanswered questions.
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De Fano, Antonio, Rotem Leshem, and Tal Dotan Ben-Soussan. "Creating an Internal Environment of Cognitive and Psycho-Emotional Well-Being through an External Movement-Based Environment: An Overview of Quadrato Motor Training." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 16, no. 12 (June 18, 2019): 2160. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph16122160.
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In this overview, we discuss the internal and external environmental factors associated with cognitive and psycho-emotional well-being in the context of physical activity and Mindful Movement. Our key argument is that improved cognitive and emotional functions associated with mental well-being can be achieved by an external, Mindful Movement-based environment training called Quadrato Motor Training (QMT). QMT is a structured sensorimotor training program aimed at improving coordination, attention, and emotional well-being through behavioral, electrophysiological, neuroanatomical, and molecular changes. In accordance with this argument, we first describe the general neurobiological mechanisms underpinning emotional states and emotion regulation. Next, we review the relationships between QMT, positive emotional state, and increased emotion regulation, and discuss the neurobiological mechanisms underlying these relationships. We consider the relationships between motion, emotion, and cognition, and highlight the need for integrated training paradigms involving these three trajectories. Such training paradigms provide cognitively engaging exercises to improve emotion regulation, which in turn affects adaptive behaviors. Finally, we address the broader implications of improving cognitive and emotional functioning through Mindful Movement training for environmental research and public health.
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Fu, Linlin, Xiaobao Mao, Xiaohong Mao, Jin Wang, and Arnon Phuekfhon. "ANALYZE THE INDUSTRIAL ORGANIZATION SYSTEM, TRANSACTION RELATIONSHIP AND GOVERNANCE MECHANISM FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF RISK PERCEPTION AND EMOTIONAL BEHAVIOR DRIVING-COMPARATIVE STUDY ON PIG COOPERATIVES IN CHINA." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): A39—A40. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac032.055.
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Abstract Background China is the largest producer and consumer of pigs in the world. It is of strategic significance for China to ensure the stable supply of pigs and improve the production quality of pigs. As a high-risk industry, the pig industry faces six risks: market, capital, disease, policy, environment and transportation. In view of this, the ultimate goal of industry organizations such as cooperatives is to reduce industry risks by reducing transaction costs and establishing governance mechanisms. This study will explore from the perspective of risk perception and action driven Subjects and Methods This paper takes pig cooperatives as the research object. From the perspective of risk perception, based on the analytical framework of “transaction relationship governance mechanism”, this paper divides the transaction relationship of pig farmers into five categories. These five types are: short-term and repeated trading relationship, long-term and stable trading relationship, trading relationship based on written contract, relationship based strategic alliance and equity based strategic alliance. In addition, this paper also defines the corresponding governance mechanisms as market governance, contract governance, relationship governance and equity governance. Based on the analysis framework, through the in-depth analysis and comparison of a large number of cases, this paper mainly analyzes the characteristics of the pig industry organization system, the development and evolution of the transaction relationship of pig farmers and the impact of relevant governance mechanisms. Results It was found that pig cooperatives played an important role in reducing farmers' risk. Specifically, in the upstream relationship, cooperatives reduce farmers' production costs by uniformly purchasing means of production; In the downstream relationship, they increase farmers' income by uniformly selling pigs. In addition, through case comparative analysis, it is found that each transaction relationship has more than one governance mechanism, in which market mechanism is the basis, relationship mechanism is the means, contract mechanism is the guarantee, and equity mechanism is the deepening. In order to better study the changes in risk perception and action, this study used (DASS-21) to conduct a questionnaire survey on the sample. The form was compiled by Ji Jiajun and Lu Jiamei. It has 25 questions and is divided into six dimensions, including emotional perception, emotional evaluation, emotional regulation self-efficacy, effective application of emotional strategies, emotional control and emotional regulation reflection, Presented in the form of self-report of the respondents. For each question, from the six options, please choose one that is in line with your actual situation. From completely inconsistent to fully consistent with the six options, score 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 respectively. On the six dimensions of this questionnaire α The coefficient is tested to obtain the results of each sub dimension α The coefficients were 0.726, 0.668, 0.831, 0.772, 0.637 and 0.629 respectively α The coefficient is 0.881.cooperatives are important intermediary organizations between the upstream and downstream subjects of agricultural industry. There was a significant positive correlation between the improvement of the index and the ability of emotion regulation (P < 0.01), indicating that the higher the degree of participation, the stronger the ability of emotion regulation. The six dimensions were significantly positively correlated (P < 0.01); At the same time, there was a significant negative correlation between the state of psychological problems and the ability of emotion regulation (P < 0.01). Self control was negatively correlated with emotion perception, emotion evaluation, emotion control and emotion regulation reflection (P < 0.01), negatively correlated with emotion regulation self-efficacy (P < 0.05), and had no correlation with applied emotion strategies. There was a significant positive correlation between emotion regulation ability and all dimensions (P < 0.01); There was a significant positive correlation between encouraging autonomy and emotion regulation ability and each dimension (P < 0.01); There was a significant negative correlation between self-control and emotion regulation ability and each dimension (P < 0.01). Conclusion Since cooperatives are developed by the main body to find a way out, cooperatives have become an effective means of governance and play a vital role in improving farmers' risk awareness, reducing risks and increasing income. Therefore, this study has theoretical and pragmatic significance. Acknowledgments Supported by a project grant from the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Grant No. 71903178).
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Milojevich, Helen M., Laura Machlin, and Margaret A. Sheridan. "Early adversity and children's emotion regulation: Differential roles of parent emotion regulation and adversity exposure." Development and Psychopathology 32, no. 5 (December 2020): 1788–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579420001273.
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AbstractExposure to early life adversity (ELA) is associated with increased rates of psychopathology and poor physical health. The present study builds on foundational work by Megan Gunnar identifying how ELA results in poor long-term outcomes through alterations in the stress response system, leading to major disruptions in emotional and behavioral regulation. Specifically, the present study tested the direct effects of ELA against the role of parent socialization to shed light on the mechanisms by which ELA leads to emotion regulation deficits. Children ages 4–7 years (N = 64) completed interviews about their experiences of deprivation and threat, a fear conditioning and extinction paradigm, and an IQ test. Parents of the children completed questionnaires regarding their own emotion regulation difficulties and psychopathology, their children's emotion regulation, and child exposure to adversity. At the bivariate level, greater exposure to threat and parental difficulties with emotion regulation were associated with poorer emotion regulation in children, assessed both via parental report and physiologically. In models where parental difficulties with emotion regulation, threat, and deprivation were introduced simultaneously, regression results indicated that parental difficulties with emotion regulation, but not deprivation or threat, continued to predict children's emotion regulation abilities. These results suggest that parental socialization of emotion is a robust predictor of emotion regulation tendencies in children exposed to early adversity.
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Di Giuseppe, Mariagrazia, Graziella Orrù, Angelo Gemignani, Rebecca Ciacchini, Mario Miniati, and Ciro Conversano. "Mindfulness and Defense Mechanisms as Explicit and Implicit Emotion Regulation Strategies against Psychological Distress during Massive Catastrophic Events." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 19 (October 4, 2022): 12690. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph191912690.
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Emotion regulation is an important aspect of psychological functioning that influences subjective experience and moderates emotional responses throughout the lifetime. Adaptive responses to stressful life events depend on the positive interaction between explicit and implicit emotion regulation strategies, such as mindfulness and defense mechanisms. This study demonstrates how these emotion regulation strategies predict psychological health during the early phase of the COVID-19 pandemic. A convenience sample of 6385 subjects, recruited via snowball sampling on various social media platforms, responded to an online survey assessing psychological reaction to social restrictions imposed to limit the spread of COVID-19 in Italy. Psychological distress, post-traumatic stress symptoms, mindfulness, and defense mechanisms were assessed using SCL-90, IES-R, MAAS, and DMRS-30-SR, respectively. Higher mindfulness was significantly associated with higher overall defensive maturity and a greater use of high-adaptive defenses (p < 0.0001). Both mindfulness and defense mechanisms acted as good predictors of psychological health (R2 = 0.541) and posttraumatic symptoms (R2 = 0.332), confirming the role of emotion regulation in protecting against maladaptive responses to stressful situations.
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Neudert, Marie Kristin, Rudolf Stark, Laura Kress, and Andrea Hermann. "Trait Worry and Neural Correlates of Emotion Regulation." Zeitschrift für Psychologie 225, no. 3 (July 2017): 214–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1027/2151-2604/a000305.
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Abstract. Pathological worrying is of high transdiagnostic relevance and is related to maladaptive emotion regulation processes. Dysfunctional emotion regulation and its underlying neural mechanisms might contribute to the maintenance of fear over time. Therefore, this functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) study aims at investigating the association of trait worry with neural correlates of emotion regulation. Twenty-six healthy females were instructed to passively look at aversive pictures, to distract themselves with a neutral thought, or to down- and up-regulate negative feelings via cognitive reappraisal in response to repeatedly presented aversive pictures. Trait worry was not related to cognitive reappraisal but to distraction, which leads to a greater reduction of self-reported negative feelings and insula activation in individuals with higher trait worry. The current study indicates that the neural mechanisms underlying distraction seem to be altered in pathological worrying and may prevent adaptive emotional processing of aversive stimuli leading to the maintenance of fear.
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Lewis, Marc D., Connie Lamm, Sidney J. Segalowitz, Jim Stieben, and Philip David Zelazo. "Neurophysiological Correlates of Emotion Regulation in Children and Adolescents." Journal of Cognitive Neuroscience 18, no. 3 (March 1, 2006): 430–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1162/jocn.2006.18.3.430.
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Psychologists consider emotion regulation a critical developmental acquisition. Yet, there has been very little research on the neural underpinnings of emotion regulation across childhood and adolescence. We selected two ERP components associated with inhibitory control—the frontal N2 and frontal P3. We recorded these components before, during, and after a negative emotion induction, and compared their amplitude, latency, and source localization over age. Fifty-eight children 5–16 years of age engaged in a simple go/no-go procedure in which points for successful performance earned a valued prize. The temporary loss of all points triggered negative emotions, as confirmed by self-report scales. Both the frontal N2 and frontal P3 decreased in amplitude and latency with age, consistent with the hypothesis of increasing cortical efficiency. Amplitudes were also greater following the emotion induction, only for adolescents for the N2 but across the age span for the frontal P3, suggesting different but overlapping profiles of emotion-related control mechanisms. No-go N2 amplitudes were greater than go N2 amplitudes following the emotion induction at all ages, suggesting a consistent effect of negative emotion on mechanisms of response inhibition. No-go P3 amplitudes were also greater than go P3 amplitudes and they decreased with age, whereas go P3 amplitudes remained low. Finally, source modeling indicated a developmental decline in central-posterior midline activity paralleled by increasing activity in frontal midline regions suggestive of the anterior cingulate cortex. Negative emotion induction corresponded with an additional right ventral prefrontal or temporal generator beginning in middle childhood.
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Li, Huie, Chang You, Jin Li, Mei Li, Min Tan, Guanfei Zhang, and Yiping Zhong. "Influence of Environmental Aesthetic Value and Anticipated Emotion on Pro-Environmental Behavior: An ERP Study." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 9 (May 7, 2022): 5714. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19095714.
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Perceptual cues act as signals in the aesthetic value environment, which promote emotion regulation toward pro-environment behavior. This type of perception-emotion-behavior reactivity forms the core of human altruism. However, differences in pro-environmental behavior may result from variation across high-aesthetic-value (HAV) and low-aesthetic-value (LAV) environments. This study investigated the neural mechanisms underlying interaction effects between environmental context and emotion regulation on pro-environmental behavior by integrating behavioral and temporal dynamics of decision-making information processing with event-related potential (ERP) technique measures. The results indicated that changing anticipated emotions changes pro-environmental behavior. Regarding changing aesthetic value environments, while modulating emotion regulation, significant differences were found in brain regions and mean amplitudes of N1, P2, N2, and late positive potential (LPP) components, which anticipated emotion. The findings suggest that environmental aesthetic value and emotion regulation impact pro-environmental behavior.
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Weber, Hannelore, Fay Geisler, Thomas Kubiak, and Kerstin Siewert. "Interindividual differences in emotion regulation." Zeitschrift für Gesundheitspsychologie 16, no. 3 (July 2008): 164–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1026/0943-8149.16.3.164.
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Abstract. In this article, we present a short overview of findings from our current research on interindividual differences in emotion regulation and their consequences for health and well-being. In our research that is based on experimental designs, ambulatory assessment methods as well as cross-sectional surveys, we examine interindividual differences in expectancies, strategies and goals that we assume to be associated with adaptive stress and emotion regulation. Among the interindividual differences in goals and strategies, we focus on functional and dysfunctional dispositional anger-related goals and strategies, and the habitual use of humor, ruminative thinking, and eating behavior as strategies of emotion regulation. With regard to health-related expectancies, possible mechanisms linking dispositional optimism with the perception and receipt of social support are a main area of our current research.
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Bendall, Robert Colin Alan. "The neural mechanisms able to predict future emotion regulation decisions." Journal of Neurophysiology 118, no. 3 (September 1, 2017): 1824–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/jn.00397.2017.
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Emotion regulation is crucial in maintaining healthy psychological well-being, and its dysregulation is often linked to a range of neuropsychiatric disorders including depression. The neurobiological underpinnings of cognitive reappraisal, an emotion regulation strategy, have been shown to include the amygdala and regions of the prefrontal cortex. A novel study by Doré, Weber, and Ochsner ( J Neurosci 37: 2580–2588, 2017) has demonstrated that neural activity in these regions during uninstructed visualization of affective stimuli can successfully predict which individuals are more likely to subsequently employ emotion regulation, and under what circumstances.
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Murakami, Hiroki. "Physiological mechanisms of emotion regulation and its genetic modulation." JAPANESE JOURNAL OF RESEARCH ON EMOTIONS 20, no. 1 (2012): 24–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.4092/jsre.20.1_24.
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Martins-Klein, Bruna, Lyneé A. Alves, and Kimberly S. Chiew. "Proactive versus reactive emotion regulation: A dual-mechanisms perspective." Emotion 20, no. 1 (February 2020): 87–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/emo0000664.
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Hyett, M., M. Green, and G. Parker. "PW01-13 - Neurocognitive mechanisms of emotion regulation in depression." European Psychiatry 25 (2010): 1429. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(10)71415-2.
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Richey, J. Anthony, Cara R. Damiano, Antoinette Sabatino, Alison Rittenberg, Chris Petty, Josh Bizzell, James Voyvodic, et al. "Neural Mechanisms of Emotion Regulation in Autism Spectrum Disorder." Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders 45, no. 11 (January 25, 2015): 3409–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10803-015-2359-z.
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Daňsová, Petra, Lenka Lacinová, and Dana Seryjová Juhová. "Emotional labour in the parenthood." Ceskoslovenska psychologie 65, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.65.2.222.
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This study introduces the concept of emotional labour, the theoretical underpinnings of its delineation and connections to emotion regulation and brings it into the context of parenthood. Emotional labour was originally described by sociologists in the context of a work environment which requires one to consciously influence one’s emotions when interacting with a customer or a client. The connection of emotional labour with psychological theories of emotion regulation allowed for a better understanding and grasp the mechanisms through which emotional labour can lead to “burning out” or stress. Currently, parents are exposed to a great amount of information about how to “correctly” parent their children, which together with their own idea of a good parent, the influence of their family and close friends as well as other people, creates high demands precisely in the area of experiencing and expressing emotions in their interactions with their children. Today, the parent role approaches that of the job in several aspects. Its demands for emotional labour can be linked to negative impacts on mental health. The concept of emotional labour can be considered to be appropriate for a better understanding of what a parent experiences with the child in mundane situations and how parents handle the emotions. The perspective of emotional labour can therefore bring important information about emotions in parenthood and about the influence of intentionally working with these emotions on the mental functioning of parents even beyond the explanatory confines of emotion regulation. This study also introduces measurement instruments used to capture emotional labour and its dimensions. For future research of emotional labour in parenthood, creating a valid and reliable instrument, which has so far been lacking both in the Czech and international contexts, is a necessity.
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Daňsová, Petra, Lenka Lacinová, and Dana Seryjová Juhová. "Emotional labour in the parenthood." Ceskoslovenska psychologie 65, no. 3 (June 30, 2021): 222–38. http://dx.doi.org/10.51561/cspsych.65.3.222.
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This study introduces the concept of emotional labour, the theoretical underpinnings of its delineation and connections to emotion regulation and brings it into the context of parenthood. Emotional labour was originally described by sociologists in the context of a work environment which requires one to consciously influence one’s emotions when interacting with a customer or a client. The connection of emotional labour with psychological theories of emotion regulation allowed for a better understanding and grasp the mechanisms through which emotional labour can lead to “burning out” or stress. Currently, parents are exposed to a great amount of information about how to “correctly” parent their children, which together with their own idea of a good parent, the influence of their family and close friends as well as other people, creates high demands precisely in the area of experiencing and expressing emotions in their interactions with their children. Today, the parent role approaches that of the job in several aspects. Its demands for emotional labour can be linked to negative impacts on mental health. The concept of emotional labour can be considered to be appropriate for a better understanding of what a parent experiences with the child in mundane situations and how parents handle the emotions. The perspective of emotional labour can therefore bring important information about emotions in parenthood and about the influence of intentionally working with these emotions on the mental functioning of parents even beyond the explanatory confines of emotion regulation. This study also introduces measurement instruments used to capture emotional labour and its dimensions. For future research of emotional labour in parenthood, creating a valid and reliable instrument, which has so far been lacking both in the Czech and international contexts, is a necessity.
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Czub, Tomasz. "Shame as a self-conscious emotion and its role in identity formation." Polish Psychological Bulletin 44, no. 3 (September 1, 2013): 245–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/ppb-2013-0028.
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Abstract The paper presents a draft model of the relationship between shame, treated as one of the self-conscious emotions, and the identity formation process. Two main concepts of shame have been discussed here: shame as an adaptive emotion, in line with the evolutionary approach, and as a maladaptive emotion (in contrast to guilt), according to cognitive attribution theory. The main thesis of this paper states that shame has an essential, both constructive and maladaptive, importance for identity development and that its effect is indirect as it works through the mechanisms of emotion regulation. The destructive and disrupting influence of shame is not an immanent feature of this emotion, but it is a consequence of malfunctioning mechanisms of shame regulation. The association of shame with identity formation relates to the exploration dimensions - exploration in breadth, exploration in depth and ruminative exploration, as well as to commitment making and identification with commitment.
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Li, Xueyan, and Runda Gao. "EMOTIONAL REGULATION MECHANISM OF SMARTPHONE USE ON POSITIVE AGING: FROM THE PERSPECTIVE OF ELASTICITY." International Journal of Neuropsychopharmacology 25, Supplement_1 (July 1, 2022): A65. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/ijnp/pyac032.089.
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Abstract Background The booming global digital economy has not only changed the mode of economic development, but also deeply affected the lifestyle of the elderly. In particular, the use of smart phones has increased the channels for the elderly to obtain information, improved the degree of social participation of the elderly, and objectively promoted the practice of active aging. At present, nearly 100 countries in the world have entered an aging society, with a global elderly population of nearly 1 billion, accounting for 13% of the total global population. Almost all the elderly in the world's major economic countries use smartphones. In this context, this paper focuses on the psychological mechanism of using smart phones to promote active aging (or active aging). At the same time, it also includes that the elderly can quickly recover from the negative emotions caused by serious stress / adversity, and accompany individuals to eliminate the negative effects of negative emotions and promote long-term coping resources by generating positive emotions. Subjects and Methods The elderly have always been regarded as a social burden and need to be taken care of. In fact, when facing adversity, the elderly, like infants and young children, will stimulate the self-protection mechanism to deal with adversity through psychological elasticity (through self-efficacy or external support), so as to restore a good psychological, physiological and social state. From the perspective of elasticity proposed by Norman garmezy & Michael (1986), this paper introduces the main models of elasticity, constructs the application model of elasticity in the field of active aging, and applies it to the impact mechanism of smartphone use on the mental health of the elderly. This paper also uses a self-made emotional self-assessment form. The self-assessment form is used for the dynamic evaluation of the time process of emotional arousal. According to the emotional balance scoring strategy, the subjects were asked to evaluate their emotions at that time in the form of “negative positive” continuum. There is only one item, which is prepared because the dynamic assessment needs to report the emotion and degree of the moment, and there can not be too many items. The emotion is scored from - 5 to 5 (from the most negative end to the most positive end). From - 1 to - 5, the emotion is becoming more and more negative, from 1 to 5, the emotion is becoming more and more positive, and 0, the uncertainty. At the specified time point, the subjects were asked to evaluate their emotions at that time. In this study, Cronbach's α the coefficient is 0.96. Results The external environment and psychological state faced by the elderly were similar to those of infants, which was in line with the premise of the theory of psychological elasticity. Therefore, it is feasible to use the elasticity theory to study the response of the elderly to the changes of the external environment. The resilience model of the elderly constructed in this paper shows that using smart phones can delay cognitive decline, improve information literacy, enrich the mind, reduce the disease incidence rate, and improve the subjective well-being and actual social participation of the elderly through mechanisms such as online cognitive improvement effect, online social support effect and online social capital creation effect. Comparison of emotional baseline between high and low resilience groups. The positive emotion, negative emotion and emotional balance (the difference between positive emotion and negative emotion) of the two groups were compared by univariate analysis of variance (ANOVA). It can be seen that compared with the low resilience group, the high resilience group had a higher baseline average score of positive emotion, f (1,65) = 10.15, P = 0.002, η 2 p = 0.135; The average score of negative emotion at baseline was low, f (1,65) = 30.80, P < 0.001, η 2 p = 0.322; High baseline emotional balance, f (1,65) = 34.25, P < 0.001, η 2 p = 0.345. The inter group differences of all indexes reached very significant statistical significance and above. Conclusions The psychoelastic model based on the characteristics of infants and young children can be used to analyze the stress response of the elderly. Through smart phones, the elderly can effectively obtain information, improve their psychological state, promote social participation, accumulate human capital and realize active aging. Therefore, in the context of active aging, the elderly should not be regarded as a burden of society, but as creators and service providers of social values. Promoting the use of the Internet and smart devices, including smart phones, among the elderly will help meet the challenges of aging and achieve positive aging. Strengthen the social relief of the anxiety of the elderly, carry out targeted education for relevant personnel, correctly alleviate positive emotions, and guide them to create social value according to their own situation. Acknowledgements Supported by MOE Project of Humanities and Social Sciences Youth Fund Program (Grant No.: 20YJC790068), Subject: Research on the Labor Supply Effect and Policy Optimization of Active aging.
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Badaye, Asghar, Shahram Vaziri, and Farah Lotfi Kashani. "Developing a Psychosomatic Symptoms Model based on Emotional Regulation, Defense Mechanisms, and Attachment Styles Mediated by Distress Level in psychosomatic Patients." Hormozgan Medical Journal 25, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 98–103. http://dx.doi.org/10.34172/hmj.2021.11.
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Background: Considering the important role of anxiety in people with psychosomatic disorders, recognizing their defense mechanisms, emotion regulation techniques, and attachment styles can help support them against anxiety and stress. The aim of this study was to develop a psychosomatic symptoms model based on emotional regulation, defense mechanisms, and attachment styles mediated by distress level. Methods: In this descriptive correlational study using path analysis, 540 patients diagnosed with psychosomatic disorder using the Physical Health Questionnaire (PHQ15), were selected through purposive sampling among all medical centers in Tehran, Iran, during 2019. Then, they completed the short form of Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire, Adult Attachment Styles Questionnaire, Defense Styles Questionnaire, and Kessler Psychological distress Assessment Scale (Kessler, 2002). AMOS.22 and SPSS.22 software was used for data analysis. Results: The indirect effect of anxious attachment (P<0.001), ambivalent attachment (P=0.048), immature defense mechanism (P<0.001), and neurotic defense mechanism (P<0.001) were confirmed to psychosomatic symptoms mediated by low distress. Also, the indirect effect of anxious attachment (P<0.001), mature defense mechanism (P=0.045), immature (P<0.001), and neurotic (P<0.001) correlated with psychosomatic symptoms mediated by high distress. Conclusion: Considering distress tolerance as a moderating mechanism, there was a relationship between ambivalent and anxious attachment styles, and neurotic and immature defense mechanisms with psychosomatic symptoms.
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Campo, Mickaël, Xavier Sanchez, Claude Ferrand, Elisabeth Rosnet, Andrew Friesen, and Andrew M. Lane. "Interpersonal emotion regulation in team sport: Mechanisms and reasons to regulate teammates' emotions examined." International Journal of Sport and Exercise Psychology 15, no. 4 (January 5, 2016): 379–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.1080/1612197x.2015.1114501.
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V, Aswathy, and Abhilash M. "A scoping review on emotion regulation mechanisms employed in the control of Dharaneeya vegas (emotions that should be restrained) in light of Modern psychology and Ayurveda." International Journal of Ayurvedic Medicine 12, no. 3 (September 29, 2021): 495–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.47552/ijam.v12i3.1896.
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Experiencing positive emotions are now becoming one among the highest virtues. It becomes important for individuals to develop emotional intelligence competencies. There are many ways through which positive emotions can be reinforced. Modern psychology also encourages cultivation of emotional regulation capacity. This article describes modern as well as Ayurvedic mechanisms for emotional regulation to cultivate healthy emotion regulation competency. After database search from PUBMED, total 14 articles, 11 from modern psychiatry and 3 Ayurveda were reviewed and following results are obtained. There are five instances in which emotion regulation may occur: Situation Selection, Situation Modification, Attention Deployment, Cognitive Change and Response Modulation. Ayurveda observes that the main reason for mental disequilibrium is taking extreme or minimal stance in mano-arthas. Ayurveda perceive that dhee, dhriti and smrithi are tripods that helps a person regulate his inclination towards mano-arthas. Ayurveda advices certain conducts to be followed by every person irrespective of Manasa prakriti. Ayurveda insist to control certain urges and those urges are termed as dharaneeya vegas. It preached some conducts to strengthen dhee, dhrithi and smrithi and they can be collectively called sadvrittam. Sadvrittam advocates human to always engage in learning (education) all existing science, persuades a person with ultimate aim of salvation by following right conduct, incentivisation with incentives health and prosperity, coercion through fear of diseases, rebirths, bad offspring’s, training through detachment, restriction by morality, environmental restructuring by execution in community level, modelling by showing aptas and enablement by teaching it to every one irrespective of inequality.
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Kardum, Igor, Asmir Gračanin, Jasna Hudek-Knežević, and Barbara Blažić. "Emotion regulation and romantic partners’ relationship satisfaction." Psihologijske teme 30, no. 1 (2021): 145–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/pt.30.1.8.
Full textAbstract:
Studies investigating the effects of emotion regulation on romantic partners’ relationship satisfaction (RS) found that proneness to use cognitive reappraisal exerts positive, whereas expressive suppression negative effects on both one’s own and partner’s satisfaction. However, no studies explored the effects of partner reported use of the two emotion regulation strategies on RS, which might allow the exclusion of method-related explanations of the previous findings and offer new insights into the mechanisms involved. We tested the hypotheses about the effects of reappraisal and suppression on RS on a sample of 205 romantic couples by using round-robin design and actor-partner interdependence modelling (APIM). Although the effects were relatively small, they were still in line with the assumptions that cognitive reappraisal has positive intra- and interpersonal effects on RS, that they can be generalized across self- and partner reports to a certain extent, and that they are somewhat stronger in women. Considering expressive suppression, only women’s self-reported suppression exerted significant negative intrapersonal effect on RS. Implications of self- and partner reports of emotion regulation for the understanding of the mechanisms mediating its effects on RS are discussed.
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Ohira, Hideki. "Predictive Processing of Interoception, Decision-Making, and Allostasis." Psihologijske teme 29, no. 1 (2020): 1–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.31820/pt.29.1.1.
Full textAbstract:
Emotional intelligence is composed of a set of emotional abilities, including recognition of emotional states in the self and others, the use of emotions to guide thoughts and behaviours, and emotion regulation. Previous studies have demonstrated that emotional intelligence is associated with mental health, social problem solving, interpersonal relationship quality, and academic and job performance. Although emotional intelligence has received much interest both in basic research fields and applied and clinical fields, the mechanisms underlying the functions of emotional intelligence remain unclear. The aim of the present article was to consider the mechanisms of emotional intelligence using a computational approach. Recent theories of emotion in psychology and neuroscience have emphasized the importance of predictive processing. It has been proposed that the brain createsinternal models that can provide predictions for sensation and motor movement, and perception and behaviors emerge from Bayesian computations rooted in these predictions. This theoretical framework has been expanded to include interoceptive perception of the internal body to explain affect and decision-making as phenomena based on interoception. This perspective has implications for understanding issues of emotional intelligence.