Journal articles: 'Emotion processing deficits'

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Chaudhary, Shefali, Simon Zhornitsky, Herta H. Chao, Christopher H. van Dyck, and Chiang-Shan R. Li. "Emotion Processing Dysfunction in Alzheimer’s Disease: An Overview of Behavioral Findings, Systems Neural Correlates, and Underlying Neural Biology." American Journal of Alzheimer's Disease & Other Dementias® 37 (January 2022): 153331752210828. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/15333175221082834.

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We described behavioral studies to highlight emotional processing deficits in Alzheimer’s disease (AD). The findings suggest prominent deficit in recognizing negative emotions, pronounced effect of positive emotion on enhancing memory, and a critical role of cognitive deficits in manifesting emotional processing dysfunction in AD. We reviewed imaging studies to highlight morphometric and functional markers of hippocampal circuit dysfunction in emotional processing deficits. Despite amygdala reactivity to emotional stimuli, hippocampal dysfunction conduces to deficits in emotional memory. Finally, the reviewed studies implicating major neurotransmitter systems in anxiety and depression in AD supported altered cholinergic and noradrenergic signaling in AD emotional disorders. Overall, the studies showed altered emotions early in the course of illness and suggest the need of multimodal imaging for further investigations. Particularly, longitudinal studies with multiple behavioral paradigms translatable between preclinical and clinical models would provide data to elucidate the time course and underlying neurobiology of emotion processing dysfunction in AD.

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Schönenberg, Michael, Alexander Schneidt, Eva Wiedemann, and Aiste Jusyte. "Processing of Dynamic Affective Information in Adults With ADHD." Journal of Attention Disorders 23, no. 1 (March 30, 2015): 32–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715577992.

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Objective: ADHD has been repeatedly linked to problems in social functioning. Although some theories assume that the emotion recognition deficits are explained by general attentional deficits, mounting evidence suggests that they may actually constitute a distinct impairment. However, it remains unclear whether the deficient processing affects specific emotional categories or may generalize to all basic emotions. The present study aims to investigate these questions by assessing the sensitivity to all six basic emotions in adults with ADHD. Method: The participants judged the emotion onset in animated morph clips displaying facial expressions that slowly changed from neutral to emotional. Results: ADHD participants exhibited an impaired recognition of sad and fearful facial expressions. Conclusion: The present findings indicate that ADHD is possibly associated with a specific deficit in the recognition of facial emotions signaling negative social feedback.

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CADIEUX, NICOLE L., and KEVIN W. GREVE. "Emotion processing in Alzheimer's disease." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 3, no. 5 (September 1997): 411–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617797004116.

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Emotion processing deficits may have an important effect on the quality of life of Alzheimer's disease (AD) patients and their families, yet there are few studies in this area and little is known about the cause of such deficits in AD. This study sought to determine if some AD patients have a disruption in a specific right hemisphere emotion processing system, and to determine if the processing of emotional facial expression is more vulnerable to the pathology of AD than is the perception of emotional prosody. It was specifically hypothesized that patients with greater right hemisphere dysfunction (low spatial AD patients) would be impaired on emotion processing tasks relative to those with predominantly left hemisphere dysfunction (low verbal AD patients). Both groups showed impairment on emotion processing tasks but for different reasons. The low verbal patients performed poorly on the affect processing measures because they had difficulty comprehending and/or remembering the task instructions. In contrast, low spatial AD patients have emotion processing deficits that are independent of language and/or memory and may be due to a more general visuoperceptual deficit that affects the perception of static but not dynamic affective stimuli. (JINS, 1997, 3, 411–419.)

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Philip, R. C. M., H. C. Whalley, A. C. Stanfield, R. Sprengelmeyer, I. M. Santos, A. W. Young, A. P. Atkinson, et al. "Deficits in facial, body movement and vocal emotional processing in autism spectrum disorders." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 11 (January 27, 2010): 1919–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709992364.

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BackgroundPrevious behavioural and neuroimaging studies of emotion processing in autistic spectrum disorder (ASD) have focused on the use of facial stimuli. To date, however, no studies have examined emotion processing in autism across a broad range of social signals.MethodThis study addressed this issue by investigating emotion processing in a group of 23 adults with ASD and 23 age- and gender-matched controls. Recognition of basic emotions (‘happiness’, ‘sadness’, ‘anger’, disgust' and ‘fear’) was assessed from facial, body movement and vocal stimuli. The ability to make social judgements (such as approachability) from facial stimuli was also investigated.ResultsSignificant deficits in emotion recognition were found in the ASD group relative to the control group across all stimulus domains (faces, body movements and voices). These deficits were seen across a range of emotions. The ASD group were also impaired in making social judgements compared to the control group and this correlated with impairments in basic emotion recognition.ConclusionsThis study demonstrates that there are significant and broad-ranging deficits in emotion processing in ASD present across a range of stimulus domains and in the auditory and visual modality; they cannot therefore be accounted for simply in terms of impairments in face processing or in the visual modality alone. These results identify a core deficit affecting the processing of a wide range of emotional information in ASD, which contributes to the impairments in social function seen in people with this condition.

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Ye, Wei. "The Atypical Emotional Processing in Bipolar Disorder and Relevant Interventions." Journal of Education, Humanities and Social Sciences 8 (February 7, 2023): 169–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/ehss.v8i.4244.

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Individuals with bipolar disorder (BD) demonstrate impaired functioning including cognitive deficits, neurological damage, and psychosocial dysfunction. Atypical emotional processing, the lack of normal functioning in identifying human emotions, is one of the most significant impairments observed in individuals with BD. Such abnormal emotional processing has different causes. Deficits in emotion perception and recognition can contribute to the impaired social functioning in separation or in combination, which can further impede social functioning. Both facial emotion recognition deficits (FERD) and alexithymia are proven to be powerful predictors of BD development. Relevant interventions including Mindfulness-Based Cognitive Therapy for Children (MBCT-C), Dialectical Behavior Therapy (DBT), and Positive emotion regulation (PRE) intervention are verified to be effective in treatment for BD patients with deficits in emotional processing. By examining recent literature, this review encapsulates the relationships between atypical emotion recognition and perception and impaired social functioning, the relationship between deficits in emotional processing and BD symptoms, and efficacy of the interventions focusing on mindfulness, presenting a more comprehensive understanding in this area. It can provide some guidance to the prevention and intervention studies and practices for at-risk adolescents.

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Castro, L. C., and M. Martins. "Emotional Processing in Eating Disorders." European Psychiatry 24, S1 (January 2009): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(09)70974-5.

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Background:Patients with eating disorders are reported to show emotional processing deficits compared to healthy controls.Aim:To study and discuss the role of emotional processing in eating disorders.Methods:Review of the literature.Results:Several studies found a marked impairment in emotional processing in eating disorder patients. These emotion-processing deficits seem to be independent of affective symptoms. Different studies address different concepts as emotional awareness, alexithymia and facial or voice emotional recognition. The emotional processing and functioning of eating disorder patients highly impact their relational styles and behaviour.Discussion:The literature suggests global emotion-processing deficits in eating disorders. The emotion-processing deficits in eating disorder patients may contribute to the poor interpersonal communication, lack of social cognition and lack of empathy frequently seen in these patients. It is extremely important a better understanding of these complex relationships as they can act as maintenance factors of the eating disorder, contributing to social isolation and therapeutic failure. The prognostic implications of these findings, as well as potential therapeutical interventions are topics valuable for future research in this area.

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Grace, Sally A., Wei Lin Toh, Ben Buchanan, David J. Castle, and Susan L. Rossell. "Impaired Recognition of Negative Facial Emotions in Body Dysmorphic Disorder." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 25, no. 08 (May 17, 2019): 884–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617719000419.

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Abstract Objectives: Patients with body dysmorphic disorder (BDD) have difficulty in recognising facial emotions, and there is evidence to suggest that there is a specific deficit in identifying negative facial emotions, such as sadness and anger. Methods: This study investigated facial emotion recognition in 19 individuals with BDD compared with 21 healthy control participants who completed a facial emotion recognition task, in which they were asked to identify emotional expressions portrayed in neutral, happy, sad, fearful, or angry faces. Results: Compared to the healthy control participants, the BDD patients were generally less accurate in identifying all facial emotions but showed specific deficits for negative emotions. The BDD group made significantly more errors when identifying neutral, angry, and sad faces than healthy controls; and were significantly slower at identifying neutral, angry, and happy faces. Conclusions: These findings add to previous face-processing literature in BDD, suggesting deficits in identifying negative facial emotions. There are treatment implications as future interventions would do well to target such deficits.

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McDonald, Skye. "Are You Crying or Laughing? Emotion Recognition Deficits After Severe Traumatic Brain Injury." Brain Impairment 6, no. 1 (May 1, 2005): 56–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.6.1.56.65481.

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AbstractTo date there has been little research concerning the neuropsychological mechanisms of emotion perception deficits following traumatic brain injury (TBI), although such deficits are well documented. This paper considers two major issues. First, are emotion-processing deficits found regardless of the media of presentation? In a recent study examining this issue, adults with severe TBI were found to have particular problems identifying emotions from conversational tone, as well as difficulties when presented with still photographs and audiovisual dynamic displays (videoed vignettes). They were relatively normal when asked to classify emotions on the basis of moving visual displays without sound. This may reflect the fact that the parietal cortices, important for processing movement, are relatively unscathed in TBI. The second issue concerns whether emotion recognition is facilitated by empathic emotional responses and whether these are diminished in people with TBI. Evidence is presented for a relation between subjective reports of diminished emotional experience and emotion recognition accuracy. Finally, preliminary data suggests that people with TBI may fail to have empathic reactions when asked to passively view emotional expressions.

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Mier, D., C. Sauer, S. Lis, C. Esslinger, J. Wilhelm, B. Gallhofer, and P. Kirsch. "Neuronal correlates of affective theory of mind in schizophrenia out-patients: evidence for a baseline deficit." Psychological Medicine 40, no. 10 (January 8, 2010): 1607–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291709992133.

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BackgroundSchizophrenia out-patients have deficits in affective theory of mind (ToM) but also on more basal levels of social cognition, such as the processing of neutral and emotional expressions. These deficits are associated with changes in brain activation in the amygdala and the superior temporal sulcus (STS). However, until now there have been no studies that examined these different levels of social cognition and their neurobiological underpinnings in patients within one design.MethodSixteen medicated schizophrenia out-patients and 16 matched healthy controls were studied with functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) during a social cognition task that allows the investigation of affective ToM (aToM), emotion recognition and the processing of neutral facial expressions.ResultsPatients showed a deficit in emotion recognition and a more prominent deficit in aToM. The performance in aToM and in emotion recognition was correlated in the control group but not in the schizophrenia group. Region-of-interest analysis of functional brain imaging data revealed no difference between groups during aToM, but a hyperactivation in the schizophrenia group in the left amygdala and right STS during emotion recognition and the processing of neutral facial expressions.ConclusionsThe results indicate that schizophrenia out-patients have deficits at several levels of social cognition and provide the first evidence that deficits on higher-order social cognitive processes in schizophrenia may be traced back to an aberrant processing of faces per se.

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Keutmann, M. K., R. E. Gur, and R. C. Gur. "Understanding emotion processing in schizophrenia." Die Psychiatrie 07, no. 04 (October 2010): 217–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1669583.

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SummaryImpaired emotional functioning is a prominent feature of schizophrenia. Although positive symptoms have traditionally attracted more attention and targeted treatment, negative symptoms, including flat affect, are increasingly recognized as the more debilitating and resistant to intervention. We describe studies examining affect processing in schizophrenia, focusing on facial affect with initial findings in vocal affect, or prosody. Deficits in schizophrenia are pronounced, and studies with functional neuroimaging indicate that the neural substrates for these deficits center on the amygdala and its projections. The abnormalities are highly correlated with symptom severity and functional outcome. While there is quite extensive work on affect recognition abnormalities, deficits have also been documented in the ability to express affect on the face and in voice, and perhaps to a lesser extent in the experience of emotion. These abnormalities can be better studied when methods for quantitative analysis of emotional expression are available. Recognizing the existence of such deficits and their neural substrates will lead to improved approaches to pharmacological and behavioral treatment.

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Williams, Tracey A., Melanie A. Porter, and Robyn Langdon. "Social Approach and Emotion Recognition in Fragile X Syndrome." American Journal on Intellectual and Developmental Disabilities 119, no. 2 (March 1, 2014): 133–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1352/1944-7558-119.2.133.

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Abstract Evidence is emerging that individuals with Fragile X syndrome (FXS) display emotion recognition deficits, which may contribute to their significant social difficulties. The current study investigated the emotion recognition abilities, and social approachability judgments, of FXS individuals when processing emotional stimuli. Relative to chronological age- (CA-) and mental age- (MA-) matched controls, the FXS group performed significantly more poorly on the emotion recognition tasks, and displayed a bias towards detecting negative emotions. Moreover, after controlling for emotion recognition deficits, the FXS group displayed significantly reduced ratings of social approachability. These findings suggest that a social anxiety pattern, rather than poor socioemotional processing, may best explain the social avoidance observed in FXS.

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Lokey, Savannah, Shruti Japee, Christopher Baker, and Leslie Ungerleider. "Emotion processing deficits in Moebius Syndrome." Journal of Vision 16, no. 12 (September 1, 2016): 1256. http://dx.doi.org/10.1167/16.12.1256.

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Bydlowski, Sarah, Maurice Corcos, Philippe Jeammet, Sabrina Paterniti, Sylvie Berthoz, Catherine Laurier, Jean Chambry, and Silla M. Consoli. "Emotion-processing deficits in eating disorders." International Journal of Eating Disorders 37, no. 4 (2005): 321–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/eat.20132.

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Lozier, Leah M., John W. Vanmeter, and Abigail A. Marsh. "Impairments in facial affect recognition associated with autism spectrum disorders: A meta-analysis." Development and Psychopathology 26, no. 4pt1 (June 10, 2014): 933–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0954579414000479.

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AbstractAutism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are characterized by social impairments, including inappropriate responses to affective stimuli and nonverbal cues, which may extend to poor face-emotion recognition. However, the results of empirical studies of face-emotion recognition in individuals with ASD have yielded inconsistent findings that occlude understanding the role of face-emotion recognition deficits in the development of ASD. The goal of this meta-analysis was to address three as-yet unanswered questions. Are ASDs associated with consistent face-emotion recognition deficits? Do deficits generalize across multiple emotional expressions or are they limited to specific emotions? Do age or cognitive intelligence affect the magnitude of identified deficits? The results indicate that ASDs are associated with face-emotion recognition deficits across multiple expressions and that the magnitude of these deficits increases with age and cannot be accounted for by intelligence. These findings suggest that, whereas neurodevelopmental processes and social experience produce improvements in general face-emotion recognition abilities over time during typical development, children with ASD may experience disruptions in these processes, which suggested distributed functional impairment in the neural architecture that subserves face-emotion processing, an effect with downstream developmental consequences.

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Donges, Uta-Susan, and Thomas Suslow. "Alexithymia and automatic processing of emotional stimuli: a systematic review." Reviews in the Neurosciences 28, no. 3 (April 1, 2017): 247–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/revneuro-2016-0049.

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AbstractAlexithymia is a personality trait characterized by difficulties in recognizing and verbalizing emotions and the utilization of a cognitive style that is oriented toward external events, rather than intrapsychic experiences. Alexithymia is considered a vulnerability factor influencing onset and course of many psychiatric disorders. Even though emotions are, in general, elicited involuntarily and emerge without conscious effort, it is surprising that little attention in etiological considerations concerning alexithymia has been given to deficits in automatic emotion processing and their neurobiological bases. In this article, results from studies using behavioral or neurobiological research methods were systematically reviewed in which automatic processing of external emotional information was investigated as a function of alexithymia in healthy individuals. Twenty-two studies were identified through a literature search of Psycinfo, PubMed, and Web of Science databases from 1990 to 2016. The review reveals deficits in the automatic processing of emotional stimuli in alexithymia at a behavioral and neurobiological level. The vast majority of the reviewed studies examined visual processing. The alexithymia facets externally oriented thinking and difficulties identifying feelings were found to be related to impairments in the automatic processing of threat-related facial expressions. Alexithymic individuals manifest low reactivity to barely visible negative emotional stimuli in brain regions responsible for appraisal, encoding, and affective response, e.g. amygdala, occipitotemporal areas, and insula. Against this background, it appears plausible to assume that deficits in automatic emotion processing could be factors contributing to alexithymic personality characteristics. Directions for future research on alexithymia and automatic emotion perception are suggested.

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Silva, Rogeria Cristina Rangel da, Raquel Luíza Santos de Carvalho, and Marcia Cristina Nascimento Dourado. "Deficits in emotion processing in Alzheimer’s disease: a systematic review." Dementia & Neuropsychologia 15, no. 3 (September 2021): 314–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1980-57642021dn15-030003.

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ABSTRACT Emotional processing involves the ability of the individual to infer emotional information. There is no consensus about how Alzheimer’s disease (AD) affects emotional processing. Objective: Our aim is to systematically review the impact of AD on emotion processing. Methods: We conducted a search based on the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA). The literature search was performed using the electronic databases MEDLINE (PubMed) and Science Citation Index (Institute for Scientific Information [ISI]). The following descriptors were used in the review process: emotion or emotional processing, cognition or cognitive functions, and Alzheimer disease or Alzheimer’s disease. This systematic review was recorded in the International Prospective Register of Systematic Reviews (PROSPERO) under the number CRD42018115891. Results: We identified 425 articles, 19 of which met our criteria. Visual emotional stimuli were the most used among studies. Most studies used tasks of emotional naming, discrimination, identification, and correspondence. The results were contradictory. Many studies reported that individuals with AD were impaired on emotional perception tasks, while other results reported preserved skills. The relationship between emotional processing and cognition is also unclear. Some studies suggested that general cognitive performance affects performance in emotional perception tasks among people with AD, but other studies have shown deficits in recognizing emotion, regardless of cognitive performance. Conclusions: Studies are scarce, present contradictory results, and report impairment in emotional processing in relation to cognition. Moreover, the analyses of the correlation between emotion processing and cognitive functioning failed to reveal clear relationships.

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Kjærstad, Hanne Lie, Nicolaj Mistarz, Klara Coello, Sharleny Stanislaus, Sigurd Arne Melbye, Catherine J. Harmer, Maj Vinberg, Kamilla Miskowiak, and Lars Vedel Kessing. "Aberrant cognition in newly diagnosed patients with bipolar disorder and their unaffected relatives." Psychological Medicine 50, no. 11 (August 28, 2019): 1808–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291719001867.

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AbstractBackgroundPatients with bipolar disorder (BD) experience persistent impairments in both affective and non-affective cognitive function, which is associated with a worse course of illness and poor functional outcomes. Nevertheless, the temporal progression of cognitive dysfunction in BD remains unclear and the identification of objective endophenotypes can inform the aetiology of BD.MethodsThe present study is a cross-sectional investigation of cognitive baseline data from the longitudinal Bipolar Illness Onset-study. One hundred seventy-two remitted patients newly diagnosed with BD, 52 of their unaffected relatives (UR), and 110 healthy controls (HC) were compared on a large battery of behavioural cognitive tasks tapping into non-affective (i.e. neurocognitive) and affective (i.e. emotion processing and regulation) cognition.ResultsRelative to HCs, patients with BD exhibited global neurocognitive deficits (ps < 0.001), as well as aberrant emotion processing and regulation (ps ⩽ 0.011); including decreased emotional reactivity to positive social scenarios, impaired ability to down-regulate positive emotion, as well as a specific deficit in the ability to recognise surprised facial expressions. Their URs also showed a trend towards difficulties identifying surprised faces (p = 0.075). No other differences in cognitive function were found for URs compared to HCs.ConclusionsNeurocognitive deficits and impairments within emotion processing and regulation may be illness-related deficits of BD that present after illness-onset, whereas processing of emotional faces may represent an early risk marker of BD. However, longitudinal studies are needed to examine the association between cognitive impairments and illness progression in BD.

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van Wingen, G. A., P. van Eijndhoven, I. Tendolkar, J. Buitelaar, R. J. Verkes, and G. Fernández. "Neural basis of emotion recognition deficits in first-episode major depression." Psychological Medicine 41, no. 7 (November 8, 2010): 1397–405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291710002084.

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BackgroundDepressed individuals demonstrate a poorer ability to recognize the emotions of others, which could contribute to difficulties in interpersonal behaviour. This emotion recognition deficit appears related to the depressive state and is particularly pronounced when emotions are labelled semantically. Here, we investigated its neural basis by comparing emotion recognition processing between depressed, recovered and healthy individuals.MethodMedication-naive patients with a first major depressive episode, medication-free patients who had recovered from a first episode, and a group of matched healthy individuals participated. They were requested to identify the emotion of angry and fearful face stimuli, either by matching them to other emotional faces on a perceptual basis or by matching them to a semantic label, while their brain activity was measured with functional magnetic resonance imaging.ResultsThe depressed individuals performed worse than recovered and healthy individuals on the emotion-labelling but not the emotion-matching task. The labelling deficit was related to increased recruitment of the right amygdala, left inferior frontal gyrus and anterior cingulate cortex.ConclusionsDeficits in semantic labelling of negative emotions are related to increased activation in specific brain regions and these abnormalities are mood state-dependent. These results indicate that accessing semantic knowledge about negative information triggers increased amygdala and left inferior frontal gyrus processing, which subsequently impairs task-relevant behaviour. We propose that this may reflect the activation of negative schemas.

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Kopec, Justin, Ashleigh Hillier, and Alice Frye. "The Valency of Music Has Different Effects on the Emotional Responses of Those with Autism Spectrum Disorders and a Comparison Group." Music Perception 31, no. 5 (December 2012): 436–43. http://dx.doi.org/10.1525/mp.2014.31.5.436.

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Emotion perception deficits are commonly observed in individuals with autism spectrum disorders (ASD). Numerous studies have documented deficits in emotional recognition of social stimuli among those with ASD, such as faces and voices, while far fewer have investigated emotional recognition of nonsocial stimuli in this population. In this study, participants with ASD and a comparison group of typically developing (TD) control participants listened to song clips that varied in levels of pleasantness (valence) and arousal. Participants then rated emotions they felt or perceived in the music, using a list of eight emotion words for each song. Results showed that individuals with ASD gave significantly lower ratings of negative emotions in both the felt and perceived categories compared to TD controls, but did not show significant differences in ratings of positive emotions. These findings suggest that deficits in processing emotions in music among those with ASD may be valence specific.

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Bakola, Lizeta N., and Athanasios Drigas. "Technological Development Process of Emotional Intelligence as a Therapeutic Recovery Implement in Children with ADHD and ASD Comorbidity." International Journal of Online and Biomedical Engineering (iJOE) 16, no. 03 (March 19, 2020): 75. http://dx.doi.org/10.3991/ijoe.v16i03.12877.

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<p class="0abstract">The perception, empathy, expression and regulation of emotion have been recognized as the determining factors to everyday communication and psychosocial adaptation in children. Deficits in them can cause emotional and social problems and affect everyday life. This paper aims at investigating by reviewing the current clinical and empirical knowledge of psychoemotional and social development as much as emotional intelligence in children diagnosed with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and Autism Spectrum Disorder (ASD) coexistence looking into the emotion recognition deficits as well as processing, reciprocity and emotional expression deficits noticing and characterizing these children mostly. Moreover they are considering and being studied the technical means and the ways that they could help in the development and growing of social skills and emotional intelligence. The results proclaimed that the therapeutic contribution of Information and Communication Technologies (ICTs) can be determinant.</p>

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Komlosi, S., G. Csukly, G. Stefanics, I. Czigler, and P. Czobor. "Facial affect recognition: Electrophysiological findings in schizophrenia." European Psychiatry 26, S2 (March 2011): 424. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(11)72131-9.

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IntroductionWhile deficits in facial emotion recognition in schizophrenia have consistently been shown, the underlying neuronal mechanisms remain unclear. Electrophysiological measures, such as event-related brain potentials related to facial emotion recognition yield insight into the time course of recognizing emotional faces.ObjectivesIn our study we aimed to delineate the neurophysiological correlates of facial emotion recognition and to investigate where, when, and what components in the course of emotional information processing show impairment in schizophrenia.MethodologyWe collected data using a 128-channel EEG recording system for testing an experimental facial emotion recognition paradigm with 20 patients with schizophrenia and 20 matched healthy controls. Subjects were presented fearful and neutral emotional facial expressions on a monitor and asked to make decisions via a button press relating to either the gender or the emotion of the presented face.ResultsOur findings revealed that ERPs of pateints with schizophrenia significantly differed from those of matched healthy controls in several components and areas characteristic to facial emotion processing, showing differences in both early and late ERP components of emotional face processing. Significant main effects of task (gender vs emotion) and emotion (fear vs neutral) were also found.ConclusionThe finding that patients with schizophrenia, as compared to healthy controls, show differences in emotional face processing in several cortical areas and time intervals underlines the hypotheses that a deficit in affect recognition may originate from the impairment of a distributed facial emotion recognition network, including both early perceptual and later phases of facial emotion processing.

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Corcoran, C. M., J. G. Keilp, J. Kayser, C. Klim, P. D. Butler, G. E. Bruder, R. C. Gur, and D. C. Javitt. "Emotion recognition deficits as predictors of transition in individuals at clinical high risk for schizophrenia: a neurodevelopmental perspective." Psychological Medicine 45, no. 14 (June 4, 2015): 2959–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291715000902.

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Background.Schizophrenia is characterized by profound and disabling deficits in the ability to recognize emotion in facial expression and tone of voice. Although these deficits are well documented in established schizophrenia using recently validated tasks, their predictive utility in at-risk populations has not been formally evaluated.Method.The Penn Emotion Recognition and Discrimination tasks, and recently developed measures of auditory emotion recognition, were administered to 49 clinical high-risk subjects prospectively followed for 2 years for schizophrenia outcome, and 31 healthy controls, and a developmental cohort of 43 individuals aged 7–26 years. Deficit in emotion recognition in at-risk subjects was compared with deficit in established schizophrenia, and with normal neurocognitive growth curves from childhood to early adulthood.Results.Deficits in emotion recognition significantly distinguished at-risk patients who transitioned to schizophrenia. By contrast, more general neurocognitive measures, such as attention vigilance or processing speed, were non-predictive. The best classification model for schizophrenia onset included both face emotion processing and negative symptoms, with accuracy of 96%, and area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve of 0.99. In a parallel developmental study, emotion recognition abilities were found to reach maturity prior to traditional age of risk for schizophrenia, suggesting they may serve as objective markers of early developmental insult.Conclusions.Profound deficits in emotion recognition exist in at-risk patients prior to schizophrenia onset. They may serve as an index of early developmental insult, and represent an effective target for early identification and remediation. Future studies investigating emotion recognition deficits at both mechanistic and predictive levels are strongly encouraged.

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Gabay, Anthony S., Matthew J. Kempton, and Mitul A. Mehta. "Facial affect processing deficits in schizophrenia: A meta-analysis of antipsychotic treatment effects." Journal of Psychopharmacology 29, no. 2 (December 9, 2014): 224–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0269881114560184.

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Social cognition, including emotion processing, is a recognised deficit observed in patients with schizophrenia. It is one cognitive domain which has been emphasised as requiring further investigation, with the efficacy of antipsychotic treatment on this deficit remaining unclear. Nine studies met our criteria for entry into a meta-analysis of the effects of medication on facial affect processing, including data from 1162 patients and six antipsychotics. Overall we found a small, positive effect (Hedge’s g = 0.13, 95% CI 0.05 to 0.21, p = 0.002). In a subgroup analysis this was statistically significant for atypical, but not typical, antipsychotics. It should be noted that the pooled sample size of the typical subgroup was significantly lower than the atypical. Meta-regression analyses revealed that age, gender and changes in symptom severity were not moderating factors. For the small, positive effect on facial affect processing, the clinical significance is questionable in terms of treating deficits in emotion identification in schizophrenia. We show that antipsychotic medications are poor at improving facial affect processing compared to reducing symptoms. This highlights the need for further investigation into the neuropharmacological mechanisms associated with accurate emotion processing, to inform treatment options for these deficits in schizophrenia.

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Green, Melissa. "REMEDIATION OF FACIAL EMOTION PROCESSING DEFICITS IN SCHIZOPHRENIA." Schizophrenia Research 102, no. 1-3 (June 2008): 4. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0920-9964(08)70012-4.

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Fischer, L., P. Calabrese, E. Kalbe, and J. Kessler. "Cognitive and emotion processing deficits in early dementia." European Psychiatry 17 (May 2002): 157. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0924-9338(02)80683-6.

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González-Baeza, A., J. R. Arribas, I. Pérez-Valero, S. Monge, C. Bayón, P. Martín, S. Rubio, and F. Carvajal. "Vocal emotion processing deficits in HIV-infected individuals." Journal of NeuroVirology 23, no. 2 (December 9, 2016): 304–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s13365-016-0501-0.

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Onitsuka, Toshiaki, Kevin M. Spencer, Itta Nakamura, Yoji Hirano, Shogo Hirano, Robert W. McCarley, Martha E. Shenton, and Margaret A. Niznikiewicz. "Altered P3a Modulations to Emotional Faces in Male Patients With Chronic Schizophrenia." Clinical EEG and Neuroscience 51, no. 4 (January 2, 2020): 215–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550059419896723.

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Existing evidence suggests that patients with schizophrenia may have a deficit in processing facial expressions. However, the neural basis of this processing deficit remains unclear. A total of 20 men diagnosed with chronic schizophrenia and 13 age- and sex-matched controls participated in the study. We investigated visual N170 and P3a components evoked in response to fearful, happy, and sad faces during an emotion discrimination task. Compared with control subjects, patients showed significantly smaller N170 amplitudes bilaterally ( P = .04). We found no significant main effect of emotion of the presented faces (fearful, happy, or sad) on N170 amplitude. Patients showed significantly smaller P3a amplitudes in response to fearful ( P = .01) and happy ( P = .02) faces, but no significant between-group differences were observed for sad faces ( P = .22). Moreover, we found no significant P3a modulation effect in response to emotional faces in patients with schizophrenia. Our results suggest that altered P3a modulations to emotional faces may be associated with emotion recognition deficits in patients with schizophrenia.

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Lewis, Ben, Julianne L. Price, Christian C. Garcia, and Sara Jo Nixon. "Emotional Face Processing among Treatment-Seeking Individuals with Alcohol Use Disorders: Investigating Sex Differences and Relationships with Interpersonal Functioning." Alcohol and Alcoholism 54, no. 4 (February 23, 2019): 361–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/alcalc/agz010.

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Abstract Background Individuals in treatment for alcohol use disorder (AUD) display deficits across a broad range of cognitive processes. Disruptions in affective processing are understudied, but may be particularly important for interpersonal functioning and post-treatment adaptation. In particular, the role of sex in AUD-associated emotion processing deficits remains largely unaddressed and was a focus of the current investigation. Methods Fifty-six treatment seekers with AUD and 54 healthy community controls (N = 110) were administered an emotional face discrimination task. Non-affective tasks included a sex-discrimination task and two brief measures of executive functioning. Two measures of interpersonal function were included. Results Emotion processing deficits were evident among women with AUD relative to other groups. This sex-contingent relationship was not observed in measures of executive function, sex-discrimination or interpersonal problems, although individuals with AUD performed more poorly on these measures. Conclusions Results were consistent with extant literatures examining cognitive, affective and interpersonal functioning among individuals with AUD, and provided novel evidence of vulnerability to alcohol-associated deficits in emotion processing among women. While similar sex-contingent effects were not apparent among other measures, results support modest interrelationships, specifically including the import of emotion processing to interpersonal functioning in AUD. These data offer guidance for further systematic investigation and highlight important considerations for future relapse-prevention and recovery-facilitation efforts.

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SUMMERS, MARY, KYRIAKI PAPADOPOULOU, STEFANIA BRUNO, LISA CIPOLOTTI, and MARIA A. RON. "Bipolar I and bipolar II disorder: cognition and emotion processing." Psychological Medicine 36, no. 12 (August 29, 2006): 1799–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291706008804.

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Background. Cognitive impairment may be part of the endophenotype of bipolar disorder (BP), but little is known about patterns and severity of impairment in BP subgroups and their relation to depression. The same applies to deficits in emotion processing known to be present in BP.Method. To explore the relationship between depression and impairment in cognition and emotion processing and the differences between BP subgroups, we assessed 36 (25 BP I and 11 BP II) patients using a cognitive battery and a facial emotion recognition task.Results. BP patients were impaired compared to published norms on memory, naming and executive measures (Binomial Single Proportion tests, p<0·05). Cognitive performance was largely unrelated to depression ratings. Surprise recognition was the only emotion processing impairment in BP patients compared to controls (patients' recognition score 75% v. controls' 89%, p=0·024). Patients with higher depression ratings were more impaired in recognizing expressions of anger (t23=2·21, p=0·037). BP II patients were more impaired than BP I patients in IQ, memory and executive measures (Mann–Whitney tests, p<0·05). Depression severity or exposure to medication or electroconvulsive therapy (ECT) did not explain these differences.Conclusions. We confirm cognitive impairment and an isolated facial emotion processing deficit in BP patients and suggest that these deficits are largely unrelated to depressive symptoms. Our study also provides evidence that cognitive deficits are more severe and pervasive in BP II patients, suggesting that recurrent depressive episodes, rather than mania, may have a more detrimental and lasting effect on cognition.

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Miller, Laurie A., Sharpley Hsieh, Suncica Lah, Sharon Savage, John R. Hodges, and Olivier Piguet. "One Size Does Not Fit All: Face Emotion Processing Impairments in Semantic Dementia, Behavioural-Variant Frontotemporal Dementia and Alzheimer’s Disease Are Mediated by Distinct Cognitive Deficits." Behavioural Neurology 25, no. 1 (2012): 53–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/683052.

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Patients with frontotemporal dementia (both behavioural variant [bvFTD] and semantic dementia [SD]) as well as those with Alzheimer's disease (AD) show deficits on tests of face emotion processing, yet the mechanisms underlying these deficits have rarely been explored. We compared groups of patients with bvFTD (n= 17), SD (n= 12) or AD (n= 20) to an age- and education-matched group of healthy control subjects (n= 36) on three face emotion processing tasks (Ekman 60, Emotion Matching and Emotion Selection) and found that all three patient groups were similarly impaired. Analyses of covariance employed to partial out the influences of language and perceptual impairments, which frequently co-occur in these patients, provided evidence of different underlying cognitive mechanisms. These analyses revealed that language impairments explained the original poor scores obtained by the SD patients on the Ekman 60 and Emotion Selection tasks, which involve verbal labels. Perceptual deficits contributed to Emotion Matching performance in the bvFTD and AD patients. Importantly, all groups remained impaired on one task or more following these analyses, denoting a primary emotion processing disturbance in these dementia syndromes. These findings highlight the multifactorial nature of emotion processing deficits in patients with dementia.

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Bonfiglio, Natale Salvatore, Roberta Renati, and Gabriella Bottini. "Decoding Emotion in Drug Abusers: Evidence for Face and Body Emotion Recognition and for Disgust Emotion." European Journal of Investigation in Health, Psychology and Education 12, no. 9 (September 17, 2022): 1427–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ejihpe12090099.

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Background: Different drugs damage the frontal cortices, particularly the prefrontal areas involved in both emotional and cognitive functions, with a consequence of decoding emotion deficits for people with substance abuse. The present study aimed to explore the cognitive impairments in drug abusers through facial, body and disgust emotion recognition, expanding the investigation of emotions processing, measuring accuracy and response velocity. Methods: We enrolled 13 addicted to cocaine and 12 alcohol patients attending treatment services in Italy, comparing them with 33 matched controls. Facial emotion and body posture recognition tasks, a disgust rating task and the Barrat Impulsivity Scale were included in the experimental assessment. Results: We found that emotional processes are differently influenced by cocaine and alcohol, suggesting that these substances impact diverse cerebral systems. Conclusions: Drug abusers seem to be less accurate on elaboration of facial, body and disgust emotions. Considering that the participants were not cognitively impaired, our data support the hypothesis that emotional impairments emerge independently from the damage of cognitive functions.

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Robinson, Lucy J., John M. Gray, Mike Burt, I. Nicol Ferrier, and Peter Gallagher. "Processing of Facial Emotion in Bipolar Depression and Euthymia." Journal of the International Neuropsychological Society 21, no. 9 (October 2015): 709–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1355617715000909.

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AbstractPrevious studies of facial emotion processing in bipolar disorder (BD) have reported conflicting findings. In independently conducted studies, we investigate facial emotion labeling in euthymic and depressed BD patients using tasks with static and dynamically morphed images of different emotions displayed at different intensities. Study 1 included 38 euthymic BD patients and 28 controls. Participants completed two tasks: labeling of static images of basic facial emotions (anger, disgust, fear, happy, sad) shown at different expression intensities; the Eyes Test (Baron-Cohen, Wheelwright, Hill, Raste, & Plumb, 2001), which involves recognition of complex emotions using only the eye region of the face. Study 2 included 53 depressed BD patients and 47 controls. Participants completed two tasks: labeling of “dynamic” facial expressions of the same five basic emotions; the Emotional Hexagon test (Young, Perret, Calder, Sprengelmeyer, & Ekman, 2002). There were no significant group differences on any measures of emotion perception/labeling, compared to controls. A significant group by intensity interaction was observed in both emotion labeling tasks (euthymia and depression), although this effect did not survive the addition of measures of executive function/psychomotor speed as covariates. Only 2.6–15.8% of euthymic patients and 7.8–13.7% of depressed patients scored below the 10th percentile of the controls for total emotion recognition accuracy. There was no evidence of specific deficits in facial emotion labeling in euthymic or depressed BD patients. Methodological variations—including mood state, sample size, and the cognitive demands of the tasks—may contribute significantly to the variability in findings between studies. (JINS, 2015, 21, 709–721)

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Dyck, M., U. Habel, J. Slodczyk, J. Schlummer, V. Backes, F. Schneider, and M. Reske. "Negative bias in fast emotion discrimination in borderline personality disorder." Psychological Medicine 39, no. 5 (August 28, 2008): 855–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0033291708004273.

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BackgroundThe ability to decode emotional information from facial expressions is crucial for successful social interaction. Borderline personality disorder (BPD) is characterized by serious problems in interpersonal relationships and emotional functioning. Empirical research on facial emotion recognition in BPD has been sparsely published and results are inconsistent. To specify emotion recognition deficits in BPD more closely, the present study implemented two emotion recognition tasks differing in response format.MethodNineteen patients with BPD and 19 healthy subjects were asked to evaluate the emotional content of visually presented stimuli (emotional and neutral faces). The first task, the Fear Anger Neutral (FAN) Test, required a rapid discrimination between negative or neutral facial expressions whereas in the second task, the Emotion Recognition (ER) Test, a precise decision regarding default emotions (sadness, happiness, anger, fear and neutral) had to be achieved without a time limit.ResultsIn comparison to healthy subjects, BPD patients showed a deficit in emotion recognition only in the fast discrimination of negative and neutral facial expressions (FAN Test). Consistent with earlier findings, patients demonstrated a negative bias in the evaluation of neutral facial expressions. When processing time was unlimited (ER Test), BPD patients performed as well as healthy subjects in the recognition of specific emotions. In addition, an association between performance in the fast discrimination task (FAN Test) and post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) co-morbidity was indicated.ConclusionsOur data suggest a selective deficit of BPD patients in rapid and direct discrimination of negative and neutral emotional expressions that may underlie difficulties in social interactions.

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Aparicio, A., E. M. Sánchez-Morla, J. L. Santos, and J. Mateo. "Emotion processing and social functioning in euthymic bipolar disorder." European Psychiatry 33, S1 (March 2016): S125—S126. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.eurpsy.2016.01.169.

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IntroductionA large number of studies have found that patients with bipolar disorders have a poor performance in tasks assessing social cognition.Objectives and aimsThe present study aimed to investigate whether euthymic bipolar patients (EBP) have a dysfunction in emotion processing when compared to controls. An additional objective was to determine whether there is association between emotion processing and psychosocial functioning.MethodsA sample of 53 EBP and 53 healthy controls matched for age, gender, education level and premorbid intelligence were studied. All subjects were assessed using the MATRICS Consensus Cognitive Battery (MCCB) and two additional executive function measures: the Trail Making Test–Part B and the Stroop Test. Emotion processing was examined using the Mayer-Salovey-Caruso Emotional Intelligence Test (MSCEIT). Psychosocial functioning was assessed using the Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF) scale and the Functional Assessment Short Test (FAST).ResultsFor the MSCEIT, EBP obtained lower total scores (P = 0.001), experiential area scores (P = 0.012), strategic area scores (P = 0.000), perceiving emotions branch scores (P = 0.008), understanding emotions branch scores (P = 0.014) and managing emotions branch scores (P = 0.000) than controls. There were no significant differences between groups for the using emotions branch (P = 0.113). In addition, partial correlations controlling for sub-clinical psychopathology in EBP showed the existence of a significant correlation of MSCEIT total score and MSCEIT strategic area score with FAST total score.ConclusionsEBP exhibit deficits in several areas of emotion processing. Performance in emotion processing tasks is associated with social functioning in these patients.Disclosure of interestThe authors have not supplied their declaration of competing interest.

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Hartmann, Daniela, and Christina Schwenck. "Emotion Processing in Children with Conduct Problems and Callous-Unemotional Traits: An Investigation of Speed, Accuracy, and Attention." Child Psychiatry & Human Development 51, no. 5 (March 13, 2020): 721–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10578-020-00976-9.

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Abstract This study aimed to assess whether callous-unemotional traits (CU) are associated with deficits in emotion recognition independent of externalizing behavior and whether such deficits can be explained by aberrant attention. As previous studies have produced inconsistent results, the current study included two different emotion recognition paradigms and assessed the potential influence of factors such as processing speed and attention. The study included N = 94 children (eight to 14 years) with an oversampling of children with conduct problems (CP) and varying levels of CU-traits. Independent of externalizing behavior, CU-traits were associated with slower recognition of angry, sad and fearful facial expressions but not with higher error rates. There was no evidence that the association between CU-traits and emotion processing could be explained by misguided attention. Our results implicate that in children with high levels of CU-traits emotion recognition deficits depend on deficits in processing speed.

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Deeley, Quinton, Eileen Daly, Simon Surguladze, Nigel Tunstall, Gill Mezey, Dominic Beer, Anita Ambikapathy, et al. "Facial emotion processing in criminal psychopathy." British Journal of Psychiatry 189, no. 6 (December 2006): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.106.021410.

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BackgroundIt has been suggested that people with psychopathic disorders lack empathy because they have deficits in processing distress cues (e.g. fearful facial expressions).AimsTo investigate brain function when individuals with psychopathy and a control group process facial emotion.MethodUsing event-related functional magnetic resonance imaging we compared six people scoring ⩾25 on the Hare Psychopathy Checklist–Revised and nine non-psychopathic healthy volunteers during an implicit emotion processing task using fearful, happy and neutral faces.ResultsThe psychopathy group showed significantly less activation than the control group in fusiform and extrastriate cortices when processing both facial emotions. However, emotion type affected response pattern. Both groups increased fusiform and extrastriate cortex activation when processing happy faces compared with neutral faces, but this increase was significantly smaller in the psychopathy group. In contrast, when processing fearful faces compared with neutral faces, the control group showed increased activation but the psychopathy group decreased activation in the fusiform gyrus.ConclusionsPeople with psychopathy have biological differences from controls when processing facial emotion, and the pattern of response differs according to emotion type.

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Noordermeer, Siri D. S., Marjolein Luman, Jan K. Buitelaar, Catharina A. Hartman, Pieter J. Hoekstra, Barbara Franke, Stephen V. Faraone, Dirk J. Heslenfeld, and Jaap Oosterlaan. "Neurocognitive Deficits in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder With and Without Comorbid Oppositional Defiant Disorder." Journal of Attention Disorders 24, no. 9 (October 20, 2015): 1317–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087054715606216.

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Objective: Oppositional Defiant Disorder (ODD) is highly prevalent in Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) and may account for inconsistencies in findings on neurocognitive functioning in ADHD. Our aim was to assess cool and hot executive functioning (EF) and temporal processing in ADHD with and without comorbid ODD to elucidate the effects of comorbid ODD. Method: ADHD-only ( n = 82), ADHD + ODD ( n = 82), and controls ( n = 82), with mean age 16 years ( SD = 3.1), matched for age, gender, IQ, and ADHD type (clinical groups) were assessed on cool EF (inhibition, working memory), hot EF (reinforcement processing, emotion recognition), and temporal processing (time production and reproduction). Results: Individuals with ADHD + ODD showed abnormalities in inhibition, working memory, facial emotion recognition, and temporal processing, whereas individuals with ADHD-only were solely impaired in working memory and time production. Conclusion: Findings suggest that ODD carries a substantial part of the EF deficits observed in ADHD and contrast with current theories of neurocognitive impairments in ADHD.

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Teng, Edmond, Po H. Lu, and Jeffrey L. Cummings. "Deficits in Facial Emotion Processing in Mild Cognitive Impairment." Dementia and Geriatric Cognitive Disorders 23, no. 4 (2007): 271–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000100829.

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Sabharwal, A., P. Mukherjee, A. Szekely, R. Kotov, and A. Mohanty. "Emotion processing deficits and emotion-related disruption of working memory in psychotic disorders." Comprehensive Psychiatry 55, no. 8 (November 2014): e56-e57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.comppsych.2014.08.036.

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Tonks, James, W. Huw Williams, Ian Frampton, Philip Yates, and Alan Slater. "The Neurological Bases of Emotional Dys-Regulation Arising From Brain Injury in Childhood: A ‘When and Where’ Heuristic." Brain Impairment 8, no. 2 (September 1, 2007): 143–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1375/brim.8.2.143.

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AbstractLasting emotional and social communication deficits are common among children who have suffered brain injury. Concerns have been raised that current assessment and treatment methods are inadequate in addressing the needs of such children in rehabilitation. We advocate that a proportion of reported deficits occur as a result of compromise to emotion processing systems in the brain. In this article we review adult brain injury research, which indicates that dissociable subsystems are involved in distinguishing the nuances of emotional expression. Findings previously reported in the literature have been integrated into a dissociable heuristic framework, which offers a novel representation of subcomponents of the emotion processing system. In considering the development of the subcomponents of emotion processing, evidence indicates that intrinsic arousal systems are operational from birth, systems associated with sensory/spatial skills that are essential in reading emotional expression develop rapidly from birth, and systems utilised in executive system synthesis become increasingly sophisticated with development, stemming across childhood and into adulthood. In conclusion, it is proposed that the heuristic is a useful tool on which assessment measures may be based when considering the primary effects of brain injury in children.

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Dotterer, Hailey L., Rebecca Waller, Tyler C. Hein, Alicia Pardon, Colter Mitchell, Nestor Lopez-Duran, Christopher S. Monk, and Luke W. Hyde. "Clarifying the Link Between Amygdala Functioning During Emotion Processing and Antisocial Behaviors Versus Callous-Unemotional Traits Within a Population-Based Community Sample." Clinical Psychological Science 8, no. 5 (July 16, 2020): 918–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167702620922829.

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Prominent theories suggest that disruptions in amygdala reactivity and connectivity when processing emotional cues are key to the etiology of youth antisocial behavior (AB) and that these associations may be dependent on co-occurring levels of callous-unemotional (CU) traits. We examined the associations among AB, CU traits, and amygdala reactivity and functional connectivity while viewing emotional faces (fearful, angry, sad, happy) in 165 adolescents (46% male; 73.3% African American) from a representative, predominantly low-income community sample. AB was associated with increased amygdala activation in response to all emotions and was associated with greater amygdala reactivity to emotion only at low levels of CU traits. AB and CU traits were also associated with distinct patterns of amygdala connectivity. These findings demonstrate that AB-related deficits in amygdala functioning may extend across all emotions and highlight the need for further research on amygdala connectivity during emotion processing in relation to AB and CU traits within community populations.

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Wauters, Lisa, and Thomas Marquardt. "Disorders of Emotional Communication in Traumatic Brain Injury." Seminars in Speech and Language 40, no. 01 (January 7, 2019): 013–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/s-0038-1676364.

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AbstractTraumatic brain injury (TBI) leads to a wide array of behavioral and cognitive deficits. Individuals with TBI often demonstrate difficulties with the recognition and expression of emotion communicated through multiple modalities including facial expression, vocal prosody, and linguistic content. Deficits in emotional communication contribute to a pattern of social pragmatic communication problems, leading to decreased psychosocial function. Growing evidence supports intervention targeting affective processing. This article summarizes the current evidence for evaluation and treatment of affective processing disorders in TBI.

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Legenbauer, Tanja, Jan Hübner, Marlies Pinnow, Anna Ball, Benjamin Pniewski, and Martin Holtmann. "Proper Emotion Recognition, Dysfunctional Emotion Regulation." Zeitschrift für Kinder- und Jugendpsychiatrie und Psychotherapie 46, no. 1 (January 1, 2018): 7–16. http://dx.doi.org/10.1024/1422-4917/a000479.

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Abstract. Objective: A considerable number of adolescents exhibit severe self-regulation deficits in affect and behavior, which are referred to as affective dysregulation (AD). AD may be conceptualized as a dimensional trait that, in its extreme form, resembles the diagnostic categories of severe mood dysregulation (SMD) or disruptive mood dysregulation disorder (DMDD). Assuming a shared pathway of psychopathology in AD and SMD, similar underlying dysfunctional mechanisms in emotion processing, particularly emotion recognition (RECOG) and regulation (REGUL), may be postulated. Method: Adolescent inpatients with AD (CAD, N = 35), without AD (CCG, N = 28), and nonclinical controls (NCG; N = 28) were administered a morphed facial recognition task (RECOG). REGUL abilities, levels of irritability as well as depressive symptoms were also assessed. Results: We found no significant group differences in accuracy and thresholds for RECOG abilities. Patients with AD reported more dysfunctional REGUL strategies than did CCG and NCG. Both depression and AD, but not irritability, influenced the overall degree of maladaptive REGUL. Conclusion: The broad phenotype of AD does not involve the deficits in RECOG reported for adolescents with a narrow phenotype (SMD); regarding REGUL strategies, AD seems to be associated with specific impairments.

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Zarotti, Nicolò, Ian Fletcher, and Jane Simpson. "New Perspectives on Emotional Processing in People with Symptomatic Huntington’s Disease: Impaired Emotion Regulation and Recognition of Emotional Body Language†." Archives of Clinical Neuropsychology 34, no. 5 (November 3, 2018): 610–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/arclin/acy085.

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Abstract Objective Emotion regulation and emotional body language (EBL) recognition represent two fundamental components of emotional processing that have recently seen a considerable surge in research interest, in part due to the role they play in optimizing mental health. This appears to be particularly true for clinical conditions that can profoundly affect emotional functioning. Among these is Huntington’s disease (HD), a neurodegenerative disorder that is associated with several psychological difficulties and cognitive impairments, including well-established deficits in facial emotion recognition. However, although the theoretical case for impairments is strong, the current evidence in HD on other components such as emotion regulation and EBL recognition is sparse. Method In this study, it was hypothesized that emotion regulation and recognition of EBL are impaired in people with symptomatic HD, and that these impairments significantly and positively correlate with each other. A between-subjects design was adopted to compare 13 people with symptomatic HD with 12 non-affected controls matched for age and education. Results The results showed that emotion regulation and EBL recognition were significantly impaired in individuals with HD. Moreover, a significant positive correlation was observed between facial and EBL recognition impairments, whereas EBL performance was negatively related to the disease stage. However, emotion regulation and recognition performances were not significantly correlated. Conclusions This investigation represents the first evidence of a deficit of emotion regulation and EBL recognition in individuals with HD. The clinical implications of these findings are explored, and indications for future research are proposed.

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Giakoumaki, Stella G. "Emotion processing deficits in the different dimensions of psychometric schizotypy." Scandinavian Journal of Psychology 57, no. 3 (April 27, 2016): 256–70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/sjop.12287.

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DiStefano, Rachel A., and Nancy S. Koven. "Dysfunctional emotion processing may explain visual memory deficits in alexithymia." Personality and Individual Differences 52, no. 5 (April 2012): 611–15. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.12.007.

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Andrews, Sophie C., Mathew Staios, Jim Howe, Katrina Reardon, and Fiona Fisher. "Multimodal emotion processing deficits are present in amyotrophic lateral sclerosis." Neuropsychology 31, no. 3 (March 2017): 304–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1037/neu0000323.

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Constantinou, Elena, Georgia Panayiotou, and Marios Theodorou. "Emotion processing deficits in alexithymia and response to a depth of processing intervention." Biological Psychology 103 (December 2014): 212–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.biopsycho.2014.09.011.

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Sedgwick, Ottilie, Susan Young, David Baumeister, Ben Greer, Mrigendra Das, and Veena Kumari. "Neuropsychology and emotion processing in violent individuals with antisocial personality disorder or schizophrenia: The same or different? A systematic review and meta-analysis." Australian & New Zealand Journal of Psychiatry 51, no. 12 (October 9, 2017): 1178–97. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0004867417731525.

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Objectives: To assess whether there are shared or divergent (a) cognitive and (b) emotion processing characteristics among violent individuals with antisocial personality disorder and/or schizophrenia, diagnoses which are commonly encountered at the interface of mental disorder and violence. Cognition and emotion processing are incorporated into models of violence, and thus an understanding of these characteristics within and between disorder groups may help inform future models and therapeutic targets. Methods: Relevant databases (OVID, Embase, PsycINFO) were searched to identify suitable literature. Meta-analyses comparing cognitive function in violent schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder to healthy controls were conducted. Neuropsychological studies not comparing these groups to healthy controls, and emotion processing studies, were evaluated qualitatively. Results: Meta-analyses indicated lower IQ, memory and executive function in both violent schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder groups compared to healthy controls. The degree of deficit was consistently larger in violent schizophrenia. Both antisocial personality disorder and violent schizophrenia groups had difficulties in aspects of facial affect recognition, although theory of mind results were less conclusive. Psychopathic traits related positively to experiential emotion deficits across the two disorders. Very few studies explored comorbid violent schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder despite this being common in clinical practice. Conclusion: There are qualitatively similar, but quantitatively different, neuropsychological and emotion processing deficits in violent individuals with schizophrenia and antisocial personality disorder which could be developed into transdiagnostic treatment targets for violent behaviour. Future research should aim to characterise specific subgroups of violent offenders, including those with comorbid diagnoses.

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Kordsachia, Catarina C., Izelle Labuschagne, and Julie C. Stout. "Beyond emotion recognition deficits: A theory guided analysis of emotion processing in Huntington’s disease." Neuroscience & Biobehavioral Reviews 73 (February 2017): 276–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.neubiorev.2016.11.020.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Emotion processing deficits'

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