Academic literature on the topic 'Emmergence'

High seed germination is an important criteria in the seed industry, so the discovery of new processing processing methods that can improve percentage germination will be of great benefit for seed producers as well as for farmers. Seed germination tests of two pepper varieties (Bozok and pinar) that were dried using common (sun, shade, greenhouse) and novel (oven, microwave, liyofilization) drying methods were experimented. Two types of solid medium were used, one which was a mixture of peat and perlite (M1) and the other that contained only vermiculite (M2), a paper wet test in petridish (M3) was also performed, but was not replicated. There were no difference between both medium but a difference in viability in both varieties, Bozok was found to be more viable. Sun drying gave the highest emmergence rate 80% and 60% respectively in M2 and M1 for Bozok. Novel drying methods had no positive effect on seed germination.

BACKGROUND: Sigmoid volvulus is a serious condition due to rotation of sigmoid colon. Volvulusoften presents with abdominal colic and distention. It can be managed conservatively by colonoscopicdecompression, followed by optimization of patient and finally surgical procedure. The present studywas based on the comparison of resection of sigmoid colon and double barrel colostomy or resection andprimary anastomosisOBJECTIVE: Objective of the study was to compare the results of primary anastomosis and colostomyin patients presenting with sigmoid volvulus.METHODOLOGY: In this study a total of 48 patients with sigmoid volvulus coming to Accident &Emergency Department were included. All the patients were examined and investigated. After diagnosisbased on x-ray erect abdomen all the patients were admitted in Accident and Emergency ward. Afteradmission Full Blood count, urea, sugar, S. Electrolysis and ECG were also performed. Patients werecatheterized and a nasogastric tube passed for gastric decompression. All the patients were givenintravenous fluids antibiotics and prepared for surgery as facilities for colonoscopic sigmoidscopicdecompression were not available and decompressions by rectal tube was unsuccessfulRESULTS: Among the cases with sigmoid volvulus there were 36 males and 12 were females. Majority28 cases were in age range of 61-70 years. Eight patients had gangrene of sigmoid colon, 23 patients hadresection and colostomy while 20 had resection and primary anastomosis. Among the postoperativecomplications, 05 patients had wound infection and 01 wound dehiscence. Two patients died because ofsepsis and cardiopulmonary complications.CONCLUSION: Patients presenting as acute abdomen should have urgent laparotomy as soon aspossible. Decompression by colonoscope is the gold standard procedure for stable patients with sigmoidvolvulus. Sigmoidectomy and primary anastomosis is the procedure of choice as it not only avoidssecond admission and operation, but it also avoids the side effects and care of stoma, which is majorcause of morbidity and mortality.

BACKGROUND: Sigmoid volvulus is a serious condition due to rotation of sigmoid colon. Volvulusoften presents with abdominal colic and distention. It can be managed conservatively by colonoscopicdecompression, followed by optimization of patient and finally surgical procedure. The present studywas based on the comparison of resection of sigmoid colon and double barrel colostomy or resection andprimary anastomosisOBJECTIVE: Objective of the study was to compare the results of primary anastomosis and colostomyin patients presenting with sigmoid volvulus.METHODOLOGY: In this study a total of 48 patients with sigmoid volvulus coming to Accident &Emergency Department were included. All the patients were examined and investigated. After diagnosisbased on x-ray erect abdomen all the patients were admitted in Accident and Emergency ward. Afteradmission Full Blood count, urea, sugar, S. Electrolysis and ECG were also performed. Patients werecatheterized and a nasogastric tube passed for gastric decompression. All the patients were givenintravenous fluids antibiotics and prepared for surgery as facilities for colonoscopic sigmoidscopicdecompression were not available and decompressions by rectal tube was unsuccessfulRESULTS: Among the cases with sigmoid volvulus there were 36 males and 12 were females. Majority28 cases were in age range of 61-70 years. Eight patients had gangrene of sigmoid colon, 23 patients hadresection and colostomy while 20 had resection and primary anastomosis. Among the postoperativecomplications, 05 patients had wound infection and 01 wound dehiscence. Two patients died because ofsepsis and cardiopulmonary complications.CONCLUSION: Patients presenting as acute abdomen should have urgent laparotomy as soon aspossible. Decompression by colonoscope is the gold standard procedure for stable patients with sigmoidvolvulus. Sigmoidectomy and primary anastomosis is the procedure of choice as it not only avoidssecond admission and operation, but it also avoids the side effects and care of stoma, which is majorcause of morbidity and mortality.

Trois points emmergent des discussions sur les problèmes d'illégitimité en Allemagne pendant la première moitié du vingtième siècle: la définition légale de la femme non mariée et de son enfant, leur intégration dans des programmes d'assistance sociale et le rapport avec la politique démographique. Ces trois points ont constamment déterminé la vie de la femme non mariée et de son enfant. Les changements de systèmes politiques ont seulement eu pour effet de donner plus d'importance à l'une ou l'autre de ces questions. Pendant le Reich de Guillaume III, une loi sur l'illégitimité a été vot)ée, qui pour la première fois, était applicable dans l'Allemagne entière. Cependant, la loi était discriminatoire contre les mères et leurs enfants. Les objectifs démographiques et de préservation de la paix sociale ont seulement pu se réaliser lors de la première guerre mondiale avec l'amélioration générale des conditions de vie. La République de Weimar a essayé d'abolir la discrimination légale et de renforcer la justice sociale. Mais sous le troisième Reich, le problème de l'illégitimité a été dominé par des aspects de politique raciale et démographique.

Introduction: Paragliding is an adventurous aerial sport which is performed regularly in and around Pokhara. The Western Region of Nepal (Especially Pokhara, Parbat, Baglung and Syanjya) is famous not only for its natural beauty but for adventurous sports like paragliding, ultraflight and bungee jumping etc. The growing popularity of paragliding sport has led to a steady increase in the number of associated injuries. Objectives: The main objective of this retrospective review is to find out characteristic of injuries in different of paragliding accidents. Methods: This is a retrospective review of paragliding injury cases who attended emmergency department of Gandaki Medical College, Pokhara, Nepal from June 2009 to May 2016. Demographic profile (Age, sex, address), type of flight, timing of accident, severity and pattern of injures were collected and analyzed using the frequency table. Results: Among 60 people who faced accidents and brought to hospital, four of them with severe multiple trauma were declared dead in the emergency department at the time of arrival. Fifty six patients were injured with varieties of injury. Among 56 survived patients, 14 (25%) were minor injuries and discharged from the Emergency Department after treatment for soft tissue trauma like abrasion or sprain. Twelve patients with polytrauma (Including four chest injury, two abdominal injury with multiple bone fractures) and rest of the patients were admitted and treated/reffered/discharged. Conclusion: Lower limb especially foot and ankle injury were the commonest type of injury followed by spine fracture in paragliding accidents.

Background - Hypoglycemia is an easily preventable life threatening emmergency. Diabetic patients often experiences hypoglycemic episodes. Aim- To assess incidence and elucidate the underlying cause, outcome of hypoglycemia cases. Method- A retrospective observational study of 150 patients registered in emmergency department who were fulllling inclusion and exclusion criteria. Result- Age of patients were ranged from 22 year to 106 year with mean age 63.4 year. 92 cases(61.31%) were male and 58 cases (38.66 %) were female. Most common symptoms were dizziness(82%),altered sensorium (77%). Common causes of hypoglycemia include anti diabetic medicines, chronic liver disease ,chronic kidney disease . 142 cases (94.66%) had better prognosis where as 8 cases(5.33%) were complicated. Conclusion-Hypoglycemia is a preventable emmergency. Patient and their relative should be educated for symptoms and complications of hypoglycemia.

L'émergence de nouveaux pathogènes pose des défis importants aux autorités de santé publique. Dans le contexte de la pandémie de COVID-19, le SARS-COV-2 et les Variants of concern ont suivi un schéma similaire. : un nouveau virus apparait dans un pays, se propage à l'échelle mondiale et déclenche une augmentation rapide du nombre de cas dans le monde entier. Pour faire face à cette situation, il est essentiel de surveiller l'épidémie, de déchiffrer les données de surveillance incomplètes et incohérentes et de concevoir rapidement des interventions. Les modèles mathématiques peuvent aider à interpréter des données de surveillance hétérogènes et éclairer la conception des interventions. Dans cette thèse, nous avons abordé ces deux aspects. Tout d'abord, nous avons développé un cadre mathématique pour comprendre comment la surveillance et les facteurs impliqués dans de l'épidémie concourent à façonner les observations. Nous avons reconstruit rétrospectivement la propagation internationale de la variane Alpha à l'automne 2020 à partir de données de séquençage et de voyages aériens. Dans un second travail, nous nous sommes concentrés sur l'intervention. Nous avons proposé un modèle basé sur des agents pour quantifier l'impact épidémiologique d'une stratégie de vaccination réactive ciblant les lieux de travail et les écoles où des cas sont détectés. Nous avons testé l'efficacité de cette stratégie pour atténuer une augmentation générale du nombre de cas et pour limiter la propagation d'un nouveau variant
Emerging pathogens pose significant challenges to public health authorities. In the context of the COVID-19 pandemic, the SARS-COV-2 and the variants of concern followed a similar pattern. A new virus emerged in one country, spread globally, and then triggered a rapid surge in cases worldwide. To deal with this situation, it is critical to monitor the epidemic, decipher incomplete and incoherent data, and rapidly design interventions. Mathematical models can help interpret heterogeneous surveillance data and inform the design of interventions. In this thesis, we addressed both aspects. First, we developed a mathematical framework to understand how surveillance and epidemic drivers concur in shaping observations. We retrospectively reconstructed the international spread of the Alpha variant in the Fall of 2020 from sequencing and air travel data. In a second work, we focused on intervention. We proposed an agent-based model to quantify the epidemiological impact of a reactive vaccination strategy targeting workplaces and schools where cases are detected. We tested the effectiveness of this strategy to mitigate a general rise in cases and to limit the spread of a new variant

El triatge de víctimes és una de les primeres i més importants tasques a realitzar en arribar a un escenari d'emergència. Aquest procés prioritza l'atenció mèdica a les víctima en base al nivell de les seves lesions. Aquest procés és molt important per a una assignació de recursos eficient i eficaç, sobretot en emergències de gran abast amb un gran nombre de víctimes. El procés de classificació de víctimes tradicional utilitza etiquetes de triatge com a indicador de l'estat de la víctima, una solució que comporta alguns inconvenients: Els metges han d'acostar-se a la víctima per veure el seu estat en l'etiqueta de paper, la pèrdua de l'etiqueta de triatge, etc. Avui dia, la informatització de les etiquetes de classificació és essencial per a una coordinació i atenció a les víctimes més ràpida. No obstant això, els escenaris d'emergència usualment es caracteritzen per la falta de xarxes sense fils disponibles per al seu ús. Xarxes sense fils basades en infraestructura com les xarxes de telefonia mòbil o les xarxes Wi-Fi solen destruir-se o saturar-se a causa d'un gran intent d'utilització o per la mateixa naturalesa de l'emergència. Algunes solucions proposen l'ús de sensors i la creació d'una xarxa de sensors sense fils per transmetre l'estat i la posició de les víctimes o el desplegament de repetidors per crear una MANET completament connectada. No obstant això, en grans emergències, això pot no ser possible a causa de l'extensió d'aquesta o pot no ser viable a causa del temps requerit per desplegar els repetidors. Aquesta tesi analitza les situacions d'emergència des del punt de vista de xarxes i comunicacions. Es proposa un sistema per a la classificació electrònica de víctimes fins i tot en casos sense cap tipus de xarxa disponible gràcies a la utilització de xarxes oportunistes i agents mòbils. També s'analitza el rendiment dels protocols de forwarding a les zones de desastre i es proposen algunes millores per reduir el consum d'energia.
El triaje de víctimas es una de las primeras y más importantes tareas al llegar a un escenario de emergencia. Este proceso prioriza la atención médica a las víctima en base al nivel de sus lesiones. Este proceso es muy importante para una asignación de recursos eficiente y eficaz, sobretodo en emergencias de gran abasto con un gran número de víctimas. El proceso de clasificación de víctimas tradicional utiliza etiquetas de triaje como indicador del estado de la víctima, una solución que con algunos inconvenientes: Los médicos tienen que acercarse a la víctima para ver su estado en la etiqueta de papel, la pérdida de la etiqueta de triaje, etc. Hoy en día, la informatización de las etiquetas de clasificación es esencial para una coordinación y atención a las víctimas más rápida. Sin embargo, los escenarios de emergencia usualmente se caracterizan por la falta de redes inalámbricas disponibles para su uso. Redes inalámbricas basadas en infraestructura como las redes de telefonía móvil o las redes Wi-Fi suelen destruirse o saturarse debido un gran intento de utilización o a la misma naturaleza de la emergencia. Algunas soluciones proponen el uso de sensores y la creación de una red de sensores inalámbricos para transmitir el estado y la posición de las víctimas o el despliegue de repetidores para crear una MANET completamente conectada. Sin embargo, en grandes emergencias, esto puede no ser posible debido a la extensión de esta o puede no ser viable debido al tiempo requerido para desplegar los repetidores. Esta tesis analiza las situaciones de emergencia desde el punto de vista de redes y comunicaciones. Se propone un sistema para la clasificación electrónica de víctimas incluso en casos sin ningún tipo de red disponible gracias a la utilización de redes oportunistas y agentes móviles. También se analiza el rendimiento de los protocolos de forwarding en las zonas de desastre y se proponen algunas mejoras para reducir el consumo de energía.
Triaging victims is the first and foremost task in an emergency scenario. This process priorizes victim's attention based on their injuries, very important for an efficient and effective resource allocation in mass casualty incidents which large amount of victims. Traditional triage process used paper triage tags as victim's injury level indicator, a solution that had some drawbacks: first responder had to go to the each victim to see their injury level on the paper triage tag, loss of the triage tag, etc. On today emergencies, an electronic triage tag is essential for a faster coordination and attention to victims. However, emergency scenarios are usually characterized by the lack of wireless networks to rely on. Infrastructure based wireless networks as mobile phone networks or Wi-Fi networks are usually destroyed or overused due to the very nature of the emergency. Some solutions propose the use of sensors, creating a wireless sensor networks to transmit the injury level and position of the victim or deploying repeaters to create a fully connected MANET. However, in large emergencies this may not be possible and the time required to deploy all the repeaters could be not worth. This thesis analyses emergencies from the communication point of view. It proposes a system for the electronic triage of victims and emergency management to work even in worst cases scenarios from the network communications perspective thanks to the use of opportunistic networks and mobile agents. It also analyses the performance of several forwarding protocols in disaster areas and proposes some improvements to reduce energy consumption.

Most times people are unprepared to face natural disasters resulting in chaos, increased number of deaths, etc.Emergency responders need an efficiently working communication network to get in touch with the emergency services like hospitals, police, fire and rescue as well as people who are stranded. Such a network is also the need of the hour for survivors to contact their near and dear ones. One of the major barriers of communication during an emergency is the destruction of network elements. In case the communication devices survive the calamity, odds of the network getting congested are certainly high because almost everyone will be trying to use the same network resources. An important factor when dealing with emergency situations is the calls for an immediate response and an efficient Emergency Communication Systems (ECS). Currently there is a capability gap between existing ECS solutions and what we dream of achieving. Most current solutions do not meet cost or mobility constraints. An inexpensive, portable and mobile system will fulfill this capability gap. The main purpose of this research is to optimize the altitude and received signal strength of an aerial base station to provide maximum radio coverage on the ground as well as propose the best fit radio propagation channel model to carry out the experiment for the current scenario.

碩士
國立成功大學
交通管理學系碩博士班
90
This study aims at developing a new route guidance strategy combined with a set of signal preemption logic for the emergency service vehicles. A well known quasi-dynamic path-finding algorithm, which has been proven as the most efficient one of this kind, is employed to search for the K shortest paths of any emergency vehicle between its dispatching center and the emergency incident site. Some signal preemption logics for the emergency vehicle along with all existing timing constraints and with minimum impacts to all those vehicles coming from its competing directions are developed and implemented at all intersection along its shortest path. Based on an advanced traffic flow simulation model, i.e. PARAMICS, travel times of its K shortest paths with existing signal timings along its travel path for all the OD pairs are generated to establish an important travel time database ready for the following analysis. Each time when revised travel times of all detector zed road links have been computed from those most recent traffic volumes, the said travel time database is then updated accordingly. Once the emergency vehicle approaches a downstream intersection, a dedicated sensor is actuated and then the system restarts the signal preemption logic at its downstream intersection and recomputes or updates the existing K shortest paths. Both tasks have been finished before the emergency vehicle finally reaches the downstream intersection. At the same time, the updated shortest-path information will be transmitted to the emergency vehicle so as to let it making the correct turns in time before it finally arrives said intersection. For the whole route guidance and signal preemption model, the minimum total travel time for the emergency vehicle is set to be a major optimization objective. A case study of the Ta-Tung Police Jurisdiction in Taipei City has been applied to test the performance of those combined logics. The results from sufficient simulation runs have finally confirmed the feasibility and effectiveness of those combined model and proposed logics.