Journal articles: 'Emitter-cavity coupling'

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Ciracì, Cristian, Radoslaw Jurga, Muhammad Khalid, and Fabio Della Sala. "Plasmonic quantum effects on single-emitter strong coupling." Nanophotonics 8, no. 10 (August 14, 2019): 1821–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0199.

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AbstractCoupling between electromagnetic cavity fields and fluorescent molecules or quantum emitters can be strongly enhanced by reducing the cavity mode volume. Plasmonic structures allow light confinement down to volumes that are only a few cubic nanometers. At such length scales, nonlocal and quantum tunneling effects are expected to influence the emitter interaction with the surface plasmon modes, which unavoidably requires going beyond classical models to accurately describe the electron response at the metal surface. In this context, the quantum hydrodynamic theory (QHT) has emerged as an efficient tool to probe nonlocal and quantum effects in metallic nanostructures. Here, we apply state-of-the-art QHT to investigate the quantum effects on strong coupling of a dipole emitter placed at nanometer distances from metallic particles. A comparison with conventional local response approximation (LRA) and Thomas-Fermi hydrodynamic theory results shows the importance of quantum effects on the plasmon-emitter coupling. The QHT predicts qualitative deviation from LRA in the weak coupling regime that leads to quantitative differences in the strong coupling regime. In nano-gap systems, the inclusion of quantum broadening leads to the existence of an optimal gap size for Rabi splitting that minimizes the requirements on the emitter oscillator strength.

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Park, Kyoung-Duck, Molly A. May, Haixu Leng, Jiarong Wang, Jaron A. Kropp, Theodosia Gougousi, Matthew Pelton, and Markus B. Raschke. "Tip-enhanced strong coupling spectroscopy, imaging, and control of a single quantum emitter." Science Advances 5, no. 7 (July 2019): eaav5931. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.aav5931.

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Optical cavities can enhance and control light-matter interactions. This level of control has recently been extended to the nanoscale with single emitter strong coupling even at room temperature using plasmonic nanostructures. However, emitters in static geometries, limit the ability to tune the coupling strength or to couple different emitters to the same cavity. Here, we present tip-enhanced strong coupling (TESC) with a nanocavity formed between a scanning plasmonic antenna tip and the substrate. By reversibly and dynamically addressing single quantum dots, we observe mode splitting up to 160 meV and anticrossing over a detuning range of ~100 meV, and with subnanometer precision over the deep subdiffraction-limited mode volume. Thus, TESC enables previously inaccessible control over emitter-nanocavity coupling and mode volume based on near-field microscopy. This opens pathways to induce, probe, and control single-emitter plasmon hybrid quantum states for applications from optoelectronics to quantum information science at room temperature.

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Proscia, Nicholas V., Harishankar Jayakumar, Xiaochen Ge, Gabriel Lopez-Morales, Zav Shotan, Weidong Zhou, Carlos A. Meriles, and Vinod M. Menon. "Microcavity-coupled emitters in hexagonal boron nitride." Nanophotonics 9, no. 9 (May 24, 2020): 2937–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0187.

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AbstractIntegration of quantum emitters in photonic structures is an important step in the broader quest to generate and manipulate on-demand single photons via compact solid-state devices. Unfortunately, implementations relying on material platforms that also serve as the emitter host often suffer from a tradeoff between the desired emitter properties and the photonic system practicality and performance. Here, we demonstrate “pick and place” integration of a Si3N4 microdisk optical resonator with a bright emitter host in the form of ∼20-nm-thick hexagonal boron nitride (hBN). The film folds around the microdisk maximizing contact to ultimately form a hybrid hBN/Si3N4 structure. The local strain that develops in the hBN film at the resonator circumference deterministically activates a low density of defect emitters within the whispering gallery mode volume of the microdisk. These conditions allow us to demonstrate cavity-mediated out-coupling of emission from defect states in hBN through the microdisk cavity modes. Our results pave the route toward the development of chip-scale quantum photonic circuits with independent emitter/resonator optimization for active and passive functionalities.

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Palstra, Isabelle M., Hugo M. Doeleman, and A. Femius Koenderink. "Hybrid cavity-antenna systems for quantum optics outside the cryostat?" Nanophotonics 8, no. 9 (May 16, 2019): 1513–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2019-0062.

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AbstractHybrid cavity-antenna systems have been proposed to combine the sub-wavelength light confinement of plasmonic antennas with microcavity quality factors Q. Here, we examine what confinement and Q can be reached in these hybrid systems, and we address their merits for various applications in classical and quantum optics. Specifically, we investigate their applicability for quantum-optical applications at noncryogenic temperatures. To this end we first derive design rules for hybrid resonances from a simple analytical model. These rules are benchmarked against full-wave simulations of hybrids composed of state-of-the-art nanobeam cavities and plasmonic-dimer gap antennas. We find that hybrids can outperform the plasmonic and cavity constituents in terms of Purcell factor, and additionally offer freedom to reach any Q at a similar Purcell factor. We discuss how these metrics are highly advantageous for a high Purcell factor, yet weak-coupling applications, such as bright sources of indistinguishable single photons. The challenges for room-temperature strong coupling, however, are far more daunting: the extremely high dephasing of emitters implies that little benefit can be achieved from trading confinement against a higher Q, as done in hybrids. An attractive alternative could be strong coupling at liquid nitrogen temperature, where emitter dephasing is lower and this trade-off can alleviate the stringent fabrication demands required for antenna strong coupling. For few-emitter strong-coupling, high-speed and low-power coherent or incoherent light sources, particle sensing and vibrational spectroscopy, hybrids provide the unique benefit of very high local optical density of states, tight plasmonic confinement, yet microcavity Q.

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Xu, Xingsheng, and Siyue Jin. "Strong coupling of single quantum dots with low-refractive-index/high-refractive-index materials at room temperature." Science Advances 6, no. 47 (November 2020): eabb3095. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.abb3095.

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Strong coupling between a cavity and transition dipole moments in emitters leads to vacuum Rabi splitting. Researchers have not reported strong coupling between a single emitter and a dielectric cavity at room temperature until now. In this study, we investigated the photoluminescence (PL) spectra of colloidal quantum dots on the surface of a SiO2/Si material at various collection angles at room temperature. We measured the corresponding reflection spectra for the SiO2/Si material and compared them with the PL spectra. We observed PL spectral splitting and regarded it as strong coupling between colloidal quantum dots and the SiO2/Si material. Upper polaritons and lower polaritons exhibited anticrossing behavior. We observed Rabi splitting from single-photon emission in the dielectric cavity at room temperature. Through analysis, we attributed the Rabi splitting to strong coupling between quantum dots and bound states in the continuum in the low-refractive-index/high-refractive-index hybrid material.

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Kuznetsov, Alexey, Prithu Roy, Valeriy M. Kondratev, Vladimir V. Fedorov, Konstantin P. Kotlyar, Rodion R. Reznik, Alexander A. Vorobyev, Ivan S. Mukhin, George E. Cirlin, and Alexey D. Bolshakov. "Anisotropic Radiation in Heterostructured “Emitter in a Cavity” Nanowire." Nanomaterials 12, no. 2 (January 13, 2022): 241. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/nano12020241.

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Tailorable synthesis of axially heterostructured epitaxial nanowires (NWs) with a proper choice of materials allows for the fabrication of novel photonic devices, such as a nanoemitter in the resonant cavity. An example of the structure is a GaP nanowire with ternary GaPAs insertions in the form of nano-sized discs studied in this work. With the use of the micro-photoluminescence technique and numerical calculations, we experimentally and theoretically study photoluminescence emission in individual heterostructured NWs. Due to the high refractive index and near-zero absorption through the emission band, the photoluminescence signal tends to couple into the nanowire cavity acting as a Fabry–Perot resonator, while weak radiation propagating perpendicular to the nanowire axis is registered in the vicinity of each nano-sized disc. Thus, within the heterostructured nanowire, both amplitude and spectrally anisotropic photoluminescent signals can be achieved. Numerical modeling of the nanowire with insertions emitting in infrared demonstrates a decay in the emission directivity and simultaneous rise of the emitters coupling with an increase in the wavelength. The emergence of modulated and non-modulated radiation is discussed, and possible nanophotonic applications are considered.

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Wei, Wei, Qi Liu, Xia Zhang, and Xin Yan. "Single-Photon Emission by the Plasmon-Induced Transparency Effect in Coupled Plasmonic Resonators." Photonics 8, no. 6 (May 26, 2021): 188. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics8060188.

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The plasmon-induced transparency (PIT) effect with unique spectrum transmission characteristics is a significant property of plasmonic structures. A resonant nanocavity with nanoscale dimensions around a single-photon emitter dramatically enhances the emission rate of the emitter. Thus, we propose detuned resonant nanocavities to manipulate the emission rate of the emitter inside, of which either cell consists of a rectangular resonator surrounded by a U-like resonator. An InGaAs quantum dot in a GaAs nanowire placed in the center of the detuned resonant nanocavity was employed as a single-photon emitter. The finite-difference time domain simulation revealed that the distribution of the electromagnetic field can be affected by changing the coupling intensity between the bright and dark states of the PIT. Consequently, the emission rate of the single-photon emitter was dramatically enhanced by more than 2000 times due to the Purcell effect induced by the PIT in the resonant cavity. With the achievement of an ultrafast single-photon emission rate, the proposed single-photon emitter could have diverse applications in quantum information and quantum communications.

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Pei, Si-Hui, Zi-Xuan Song, Xing Lin, and Wei Fang. "Interaction between light and single quantum-emitter in open Fabry-Perot microcavity." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 6 (2022): 060201. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211970.

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The interaction between light and matter has attracted much attention not only for fundamental research but also for applications. The open Fabry-Perot cavity provides an excellent platform for such a study due to strong optical confinement, spectral and spatial and tunability, and the feasibility of optical fiber integration. In this review, first, the basic properties of open Fabry-Perot cavities and the fabrication techniques are introduced. Then recent progress of weak coupling, strong coupling and bad emitter regimes is discussed. Finally, the challenges to and perspectives in this respect are presented.

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Wang, Xin, Wen-Xing Yang, Ai-Xi Chen, Ling Li, Tao Shui, Xiyun Li, and Zhen Wu. "Phase-modulated single-photon nonreciprocal transport and directional router in a waveguide–cavity–emitter system beyond the chiral coupling." Quantum Science and Technology 7, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 015025. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2058-9565/ac4425.

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Abstract We propose a potentially practical scheme for the controllable single-photon transport via waveguides which are coupled to a microcavity–emitter system. The microcavity–emitter system consists of a V-type three-level emitter and two or one single-mode microcavity. A driving field is used to drive a hyperfine transition between two upper excited states of the V-type three-level emitter. Beyond chiral coupling between waveguides and microcavity–emitter system, we show that the perfectly nonreciprocal single-photon transport in a single waveguide and the single-photon router with 100% routing probability in two waveguides can be achieved. Interesting enough, whether the nonreciprocal single-photon transport or the single-photon router can be switched periodically by adjusting the phase associated with microcavity–emitter coupling strength and the driving field. The complete physical explanation of the underlying mechanism is presented.

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Ho, Po-Hsun, Damon B. Farmer, George S. Tulevski, Shu-Jen Han, Douglas M. Bishop, Lynne M. Gignac, Jim Bucchignano, Phaedon Avouris, and Abram L. Falk. "Intrinsically ultrastrong plasmon–exciton interactions in crystallized films of carbon nanotubes." Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences 115, no. 50 (November 20, 2018): 12662–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1073/pnas.1816251115.

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In cavity quantum electrodynamics, optical emitters that are strongly coupled to cavities give rise to polaritons with characteristics of both the emitters and the cavity excitations. We show that carbon nanotubes can be crystallized into chip-scale, two-dimensionally ordered films and that this material enables intrinsically ultrastrong emitter–cavity interactions: Rather than interacting with external cavities, nanotube excitons couple to the near-infrared plasmon resonances of the nanotubes themselves. Our polycrystalline nanotube films have a hexagonal crystal structure, ∼25-nm domains, and a 1.74-nm lattice constant. With this extremely high nanotube density and nearly ideal plasmon–exciton spatial overlap, plasmon–exciton coupling strengths reach 0.5 eV, which is 75% of the bare exciton energy and a near record for room-temperature ultrastrong coupling. Crystallized nanotube films represent a milestone in nanomaterials assembly and provide a compelling foundation for high-ampacity conductors, low-power optical switches, and tunable optical antennas.

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Kongsuwan, Nuttawut, Angela Demetriadou, Rohit Chikkaraddy, Jeremy J. Baumberg, and Ortwin Hess. "Fluorescence enhancement and strong-coupling in faceted plasmonic nanocavities." EPJ Applied Metamaterials 5 (2018): 6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1051/epjam/2018004.

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Emission properties of a quantum emitter can be significantly modified inside nanometre-sized gaps between two plasmonic nanostructures. This forms a nanoscopic optical cavity which allows single-molecule detection and single-molecule strong-coupling at room temperature. However, plasmonic resonances of a plasmonic nanocavity are highly sensitive to the exact gap morphology. In this article, we shed light on the effect of gap morphology on the plasmonic resonances of a faceted nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) nanocavity and their interaction with quantum emitters. We find that with increasing facet width the NPoM nanocavity provides weaker field enhancement and thus less coupling strength to a single quantum emitter since the effective mode volume increases with the facet width. However, if multiple emitters are present, a faceted NPoM nanocavity is capable of accommodating a larger number of emitters, and hence the overall coupling strength is larger due to the collective and coherent energy exchange from all the emitters. Our findings pave the way to more efficient designs of nanocavities for room-temperature light-matter strong-coupling, thus providing a big step forward to a non-cryogenic platform for quantum technologies.

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Qiu, Peng, Guang Long Wang, Jiang Lei Lu, and Cheng Xiang Hu. "Research of Spontaneous Emission Enhancement from Quantum Dots in a Photonic Crystal Micro Cavity." Advanced Materials Research 321 (August 2011): 208–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.321.208.

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The spontaneous emission rate of a two-level system quantum dots is not intrinsic properties of the emitter itself but is molded by the electromagnetic environment that surrounds it. Photonic crystal micro cavity can conveniently shape the states of electromagnetic modes by providing modes with the required small volumes and high quality factors. This paper studies spontaneous emission from quantum dots embedded in photonic crystal micro cavity, and introduces the coupling characters of photonic crystal and quantum dot, and analyses the effectiveness of spontaneous emission enhancement from quantum dots embedded in photonic crystal micro cavity in detail. The research of this paper provides a basic reference for dynamic control of optics quantum systems.

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Gong, Chengxuan, and Gaige Zheng. "Selective Properties of Mid-Infrared Tamm Phonon-Polaritons Emitter with Silicon Carbide-Based Structures." Micromachines 13, no. 6 (June 10, 2022): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/mi13060920.

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Electromagnetic (EM) absorbers and emitters have attracted much interest because of their versatile applications. A photonic heterostructure composed of silicon carbide (SiC) layer/germanium (Ge) cavity/distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) has been proposed. Selective emission properties have been investigated through rigorous coupled wave analysis (RCWA) method. The results illustrate that Tamm phonon-polaritons can be excited, and the magnetic field is partially centralized at the junction of Ge cavity and SiC film, aimed to improve the interactions of photon–phonon. The absorptivity/emissivity of the structure can be better optimized by controlling the coupling of surface modes with the incident wave. Near-unity absorption can be achieved through optimizing the SiC grating/Ge cavity/distributed Bragg reflector (DBR) multilayer structure with geometrical parameters of ds = 0.75 μm, dg = 0.7 μm, d1 = 1.25 μm and d2 = 0.75 μm, respectively. Physical mechanism of selective emission characteristics is deliberated. In addition, the simulation results demonstrate that the emitter desensitizes to the incidence angle and polarization state in the mid-infrared (MIR) range. This research ameliorates the function of the selective emitters, which provides more efficient design for SiC-based systems.

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Ramírez-Muñoz, J. E., J. P. Restrepo Cuartas, and H. Vinck-Posada. "Indirect strong coupling regime between a quantum emitter and a cavity mediated by a mechanical resonator." Physics Letters A 382, no. 42-43 (October 2018): 3109–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.physleta.2018.08.001.

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Dietrich, Christof P., Anja Steude, Laura Tropf, Marcel Schubert, Nils M. Kronenberg, Kai Ostermann, Sven Höfling, and Malte C. Gather. "An exciton-polariton laser based on biologically produced fluorescent protein." Science Advances 2, no. 8 (August 2016): e1600666. http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.1600666.

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Under adequate conditions, cavity polaritons form a macroscopic coherent quantum state, known as polariton condensate. Compared to Wannier-Mott excitons in inorganic semiconductors, the localized Frenkel excitons in organic emitter materials show weaker interaction with each other but stronger coupling to light, which recently enabled the first realization of a polariton condensate at room temperature. However, this required ultrafast optical pumping, which limits the applications of organic polariton condensates. We demonstrate room temperature polariton condensates of cavity polaritons in simple laminated microcavities filled with biologically produced enhanced green fluorescent protein (eGFP). The unique molecular structure of eGFP prevents exciton annihilation even at high excitation densities, thus facilitating polariton condensation under conventional nanosecond pumping. Condensation is clearly evidenced by a distinct threshold, an interaction-induced blueshift of the condensate, long-range coherence, and the presence of a second threshold at higher excitation density that is associated with the onset of photon lasing.

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Yan, Xiao-Hong, Yi-Jie Niu, Hong-Xing Xu, and Hong Wei. "Strong coupling of single plasmonic nanoparticles and nanogaps with quantum emitters." Acta Physica Sinica 71, no. 6 (2022): 067301. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.71.20211900.

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In cavity quantum electrodynamics, when the interaction between quantum emitter and cavity mode is strong enough to overcome the mean decay rate of the system, it will enter into a strong coupling regime, thereby forming part-light part-matter polariton states. Strong coupling can serve as a promising platform for room temperature Bose-Einstein condensation, polariton lasing, single photon nonlinearity, quantum information, etc. Localized surface plasmons supported by single metal nanostructures possess extremely small mode volume, which is favorable for realizing strong coupling. Moreover, the nanoscale dimensions of plasmonic structures can facilitate the miniaturization of strong coupling systems. Here, the research progress of strong plasmon-exciton coupling between single metal nanoparticles/nanogaps and quantum emitters is reviewed. The theory background of strong coupling is first introduced, including quantum treatment, classical coupled oscillator model, as well as the analytical expressions for scattering and photoluminescence spectra. Then, strong coupling between different kinds of plasmonic nanostructures and quantum emitters is reviewed. Single metal nanoparticles, nanoparticle dimers, and nanoparticle-on-mirror structures constitute the most typical plasmonic nanostructures. The nanogaps in the latter two systems can highly concentrate electromagnetic field, providing optical nanocavities with smaller mode volume than single nanoparticles. Therefore, the larger coupling strength can be achieved in the nanogap systems, which is conducive to strong coupling at the single-exciton level. In addition, the active tuning of strong coupling based separately on thermal, electrical and optical means are reviewed. The energy and oscillator strength of the excitons in transition metal dichalcogenide (TMDC) monolayers are dependent on temperature. Therefore, the strong coupling can be tuned by heating or cooling the system. The excitons in TMDC monolayers can also be tuned by electrical gating, enabling electrical control of strong coupling. Optically tuning the quantum emitters provides another way to actively control the strong coupling. Overall, the research on active tuning of strong plasmon-exciton coupling is still very limited, and more investigations are needed. Finally, this review is concluded with a short summary and the prospect of this field.

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Qi, Xiaozhuo, Tsz Wing Lo, Di Liu, Lantian Feng, Yang Chen, Yunkun Wu, Hongliang Ren, Guang-Can Guo, Dangyuan Lei, and Xifeng Ren. "Effects of gap thickness and emitter location on the photoluminescence enhancement of monolayer MoS2 in a plasmonic nanoparticle-film coupled system." Nanophotonics 9, no. 7 (May 24, 2020): 2097–105. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0178.

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AbstractPlasmonic nanocavities comprised of metal film-coupled nanoparticles have emerged as a versatile nanophotonic platform benefiting from their ultrasmall mode volume and large Purcell factors. In the weak-coupling regime, the particle-film gap thickness affects the photoluminescence (PL) of quantum emitters sandwiched therein. Here, we investigated the Purcell effect-enhanced PL of monolayer MoS2 inserted in the gap of a gold nanoparticle (AuNP)–alumina (Al2O3)–gold film (Au Film) structure. Under confocal illumination by a 532 nm CW laser, we observed a 7-fold PL peak intensity enhancement for the cavity-sandwiched MoS2 at an optimal Al2O3 thickness of 5 nm, corresponding to a local PL enhancement of ∼350 by normalizing the actual illumination area to the cavity’s effective near-field enhancement area. Full-wave simulations reveal a counterintuitive fact that radiation enhancement comes from the non-central area of the cavity rather than the cavity center. By scanning an electric dipole across the nanocavity, we obtained an average radiation enhancement factor of about 65 for an Al2O3 spacer thickness of 4 nm, agreeing well with the experimental thickness and indicating further PL enhancement optimization. Our results indicate the importance of configuration optimization, emitter location and excitation condition when using such plasmonic nanocavities to modulate the radiation properties of quantum emitters.

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Tokman, Mikhail, Maria Erukhimova, Yongrui Wang, Qianfan Chen, and Alexey Belyanin. "Generation and dynamics of entangled fermion–photon–phonon states in nanocavities." Nanophotonics 10, no. 1 (September 15, 2020): 491–511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2020-0353.

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AbstractWe develop the analytic theory describing the formation and evolution of entangled quantum states for a fermionic quantum emitter coupled simultaneously to a quantized electromagnetic field in a nanocavity and quantized phonon or mechanical vibrational modes. The theory is applicable to a broad range of cavity quantum optomechanics problems and emerging research on plasmonic nanocavities coupled to single molecules and other quantum emitters. The optimal conditions for a tripartite entanglement are realized near the parametric resonances in a coupled system. The model includes dissipation and decoherence effects due to coupling of the fermion, photon, and phonon subsystems to their dissipative reservoirs within the stochastic evolution approach, which is derived from the Heisenberg–Langevin formalism. Our theory provides analytic expressions for the time evolution of the quantum state and observables and the emission spectra. The limit of a classical acoustic pumping and the interplay between parametric and standard one-photon resonances are analyzed.

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Sharma, Rishi Kant, Shammi Wadhwa, N. K. Verma, M. N. Reddy, and H. Rana. "Evaluation of 976 nm Multimode Single Emitter Laser Diodes for Efficient Pumping of 100 W+ Yb-doped Fiber Laser." Defence Science Journal 67, no. 1 (December 23, 2016): 88. http://dx.doi.org/10.14429/dsj.67.9962.

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Experimental evaluation of spectral and power-current (P-I) characteristics of fiber coupled single emitter multimode laser diodes used for development of efficient pumping assembly is reported. Fiber coupled laser diodes emitting around 976 nm are best suited for pumping Yb-doped fiber lasers because of excellent coupling efficiency and reduced thermal load. We have experimentally investigated emission spectrum of fiber coupled multimode laser diodes at different temperatures and drive currents. It is found that peak emission wavelength shifts towards the longer wavelength with increase in temperature and drive current. P-I characteristics of fiber coupled laser diodes have been obtained and presented for drive current from 0.4 A to 11.5 A. Based on experiment, we have constructed spectrally matched laser diode assembly for efficient pumping of 100 W fiber laser. It requires very precise control of temperature and drive current to maintain the emission spectrum. Total 162 W power is pumped in to the Yb-doped fiber laser cavity through multi-mode pump combiners and we have obtained 110 W fiber laser output power @1070 nm. The achieved optical-to-optical efficiency is 68 per cent.

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Zhou, Wenjie, Jia-Bin You, Xiao Xiong, Yu-Wei Lu, Lay-Kee Ang, Jing-Feng Liu, and Lin Wu. "Cavity spectral-hole-burning to boost coherence in plasmon-emitter strong coupling systems." Nanotechnology, August 18, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1361-6528/ac8aa3.

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Abstract Significant decoherence of the plasmon-emitter (i.e., plexcitonic) strong coupling systems hinders the progress towards their applications in quantum technology due to the unavoidable lossy nature of the plasmons. Inspired by the concept of spectral-hole-burning (SHB) for frequency-selective bleaching of the emitter ensemble, we propose “cavity SHB” by introducing cavity modes with moderate quality factors to the plexcitonic system to boost its coherence. We show that the detuning of the introduced cavity mode with respect to the original plexcitonic system, which defines the location of the cavity SHB, is the most critical parameter. Simultaneously introducing two cavity modes of opposite detunings, the excited-state population of the emitter can be enhanced by 4.5 orders of magnitude within 300 fs, and the attenuation of the emitter’s population can be slowed down by about 56 times. This theoretical proposal provides a new approach of cavity engineering to enhance the plasmon-emitter strong coupling systems’ coherence, which is important for realistic hybrid-cavity design for applications in quantum technology.

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Sahu, Subrat, Kali P. Nayak, and Rajan Jha. "Optimization of nanofiber gratings for efficient single-photon collection." Journal of Optics, September 29, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/2040-8986/ac9632.

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Abstract We report on a simulation of a nanophotonic cavity constructed by designing periodic holes on an optical nanofiber to realize light-matter interaction. The cavity is designed using finite-difference time-domain simulations to maximize the coupling of spontaneous emission from a quantum emitter into fiber-guided modes. We systematically analyze the dependence of spontaneous emission on the quantum emitter position, polarization, and the grating strength (number of periods). We show that coupling efficiencies as high as 87% and 83% can be realized for a dipole emitter placed at the center of the nanofiber with polarization perpendicular (x-pol) and parallel (y-pol) to the hole-axis, respectively. This system may attract various quantum photonic applications based on single-photon sources.

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Karpov, Denis, and Peter Horak. "Evolutionary algorithm to design high-cooperativity optical cavities." New Journal of Physics, July 5, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1367-2630/ac7e66.

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Abstract Using an evolutionary algorithm combined with a gradient descent method we design optical cavities with significantly enhanced strong coupling rates between cavity photons and a single quantum emitter. Our approach allows us to find specially designed non-spherical mirrors which lead to high-finesse cavity eigenmodes with large field enhancement at the center of the cavity. The method is based on adding consecutive perturbations to an initial spherical mirror shape using the gradient descent method for optimization. We present mirror profiles suitable for fabrication which demonstrate higher cavity cooperativity than any spherical cavity of the same size. Finally, we demonstrate numerically how such a cavity enhances the operation frequency and purity of coupling a Ca+ ion to an optical fiber photon.

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Dalacu, Dan, Khaled Mnaymneh, Vera Sazonova, Philip J. Poole, Geof C. Aers, Jean Lapointe, Ross Cheriton, Anthony J. SpringThorpe, and Robin Williams. "Deterministic emitter-cavity coupling using a single-site controlled quantum dot." Physical Review B 82, no. 3 (July 12, 2010). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physrevb.82.033301.

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Han, Junseok, Jinuk Kim, Seung-hoon Oh, Gibeom Son, Junseo Ha, and Kyungwon An. "Hyperradiance by a stream of phase-correlated atomic dipole pairs traversing a high-Q cavity." Scientific Reports 11, no. 1 (May 27, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-021-90669-7.

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AbstractHyperradiance in which radiation rate exceeds that of superradiance has been theoretically investigated in various coherently-coupled emitter-field systems. In most cases, either proposed setups were experimentally challenging or the mean photon number in a cavity was limited. In this paper, with numerical simulations and analytic calculations, we demonstrate that significant hyperradiance with a large mean photon number can occur in a microlaser system, where pairs of two-level atoms prepared in quantum superposition states traverse a high-Q cavity in the presence of a pump field intersecting the cavity mode. Hyperradiance is induced when the intracavity-pump Rabi frequency is out of phase with respect to the atom-cavity coupling so that the reduction of atomic polarization by the atom-cavity coupling is compensated by the pump Rabi frequency in the steady state to maximize atomic photoemission.

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Krastanov, Stefan, Kurt Jacobs, Gerald Gilbert, Dirk R. Englund, and Mikkel Heuck. "Controlled-phase gate by dynamic coupling of photons to a two-level emitter." npj Quantum Information 8, no. 1 (September 7, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41534-022-00604-5.

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AbstractWe propose an architecture for achieving high-fidelity deterministic quantum logic gates on dual-rail encoded photonic qubits by letting photons interact with a two-level emitter (TLE) inside an optical cavity. The photon wave packets that define the qubit are preserved after the interaction due to a quantum control process that actively loads and unloads the photons from the cavity and dynamically alters their effective coupling to the TLE. The controls rely on nonlinear wave mixing between cavity modes enhanced by strong externally modulated electromagnetic fields or on AC Stark shifts of the TLE transition energy. We numerically investigate the effect of imperfections in terms of loss and dephasing of the TLE as well as control field miscalibration. Our results suggest that III-V quantum dots in GaAs membranes is a promising platform for photonic quantum information processing.

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Li, Ruiqi. "Plasmon-Exciton coupling in a dimer cavity revisited: effect of excitonic dipole orientation." Applied Physics Express, October 13, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.35848/1882-0786/ac9a23.

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Abstract We revisit Plasmon-Exciton coupling of a single emitter in a dimer cavity, featuring the analysis of how the excitonic dipole orientation influences the coupling behaviour from both the spectral and temporal aspects. Results demonstrate that the dipolar mode could be suppressed to vanish while the magnitude of the pseudomode could only be suppressed to half of the maximum value. Temporal analysis gives further evidence about this effect on the dipolar mode and pseudomode. The analysis might have potential significance on the experimental community as the excitonic dipole orientation could be precisely measured and has rather important impact on the experiments.

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Liu, Yu-Long, Guan-Zhong Wang, Yu-xi Liu, and Franco Nori. "Mode coupling and photon antibunching in a bimodal cavity containing a dipole quantum emitter." Physical Review A 93, no. 1 (January 28, 2016). http://dx.doi.org/10.1103/physreva.93.013856.

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Karnieli, Aviv, Shai Tsesses, Renwen Yu, Nicholas Rivera, Zhexin Zhao, Ady Arie, Shanhui Fan, and Ido Kaminer. "Quantum sensing of strongly coupled light-matter systems using free electrons." Science Advances 9, no. 1 (January 4, 2023). http://dx.doi.org/10.1126/sciadv.add2349.

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Strong coupling in light-matter systems is a central concept in cavity quantum electrodynamics and is essential for many quantum technologies. Especially in the optical range, full control of highly connected multi-qubit systems necessitates quantum coherent probes with nanometric spatial resolution, which are currently inaccessible. Here, we propose the use of free electrons as high-resolution quantum sensors for strongly coupled light-matter systems. Shaping the free-electron wave packet enables the measurement of the quantum state of the entire hybrid systems. We specifically show how quantum interference of the free-electron wave packet gives rise to a quantum-enhanced sensing protocol for the position and dipole orientation of a subnanometer emitter inside a cavity. Our results showcase the great versatility and applicability of quantum interactions between free electrons and strongly coupled cavities, relying on the unique properties of free electrons as strongly interacting flying qubits with miniscule dimensions.

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Zhuang Yinghao, Fu Yun, Cai Wei, Zhang Qingsong, Wu Zhen, Guo Linhui, Zhong Zheqiang, and Zhang Bin. "Analysis of the physical mechanism of beam crosstalk in a semiconductor laser array spectral-beam-combined system." Acta Physica Sinica, 2023, 0. http://dx.doi.org/10.7498/aps.72.20221783.

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In spectral beam combining systems based on a grating-external cavity, due to factors such as the "smile" effect of the semiconductor laser array, the error of the optical components in the external cavity, the beam from one emitter transmits in the external cavity, and can return to other emitters, forming beam crosstalk between the two emitters. In this paper, in order to investigate the beam crosstalk physical mechanism and its influence on beam properties such as locked spectra and beam combining efficiency, based on the optical feedback semiconductor rate equation, the beam modes that can stably oscillate in the coupling cavity are derived, and the coupling cavity oscillating model is built. On the consideration of the mode competition mechanism in the coupling cavity, the effects of different crosstalk (happened between two emitters with different intervals) on the locked spectra are analyzed in detail. The results show that crosstalk leads locked spectra have peak shift, sub-peak, et al. The crosstalk that happened between two closer emitters has a more serious impact on the beam spectrum, combined beam spot, and combining efficiency. The combining efficiencies influenced the 1st, 2nd and 3rd crosstalk are 45.5%, 50.2%, and 63.8%, respectively (When there is no crosstalk, the efficiency is 80.1%). Finally, the results of the theoretical analysis were experimentally verified, and the experimentally observed spectra under the influence of crosstalk show phenomena such as peak degradation, peak shift, edge burrs, and side lobes in spectra, which are consistent with the theoretical predictions. Moreover, according to the results obtained by simulation analysis and experimental verification, it is found that crosstalk can be suppressed to a certain extent by increasing the spacing of emitters, and the Galileo telescope system is suggested to suppress crosstalk and optimize the spectral structure and beam combining efficiency. Compared with the Kepler telescope structure, the Galileo telescope does not have a real focal point, which can prevent the local power from being too high, thereby damaging the optical components.

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Cho, YongDeok, Sung Hun Park, Ji-Hyeok Huh, Ashwin Gopinath, and Seungwoo Lee. "DNA as grabbers and steerers of quantum emitters." Nanophotonics, November 14, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nanoph-2022-0602.

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Abstract The chemically synthesizable quantum emitters such as quantum dots (QDs), fluorescent nanodiamonds (FNDs), and organic fluorescent dyes can be integrated with an easy-to-craft quantum nanophotonic device, which would be readily developed by non-lithographic solution process. As a representative example, the solution dipping or casting of such soft quantum emitters on a flat metal layer and subsequent drop-casting of plasmonic nanoparticles can afford the quantum emitter-coupled plasmonic nanocavity (referred to as a nanoparticle-on-mirror (NPoM) cavity), allowing us for exploiting various quantum mechanical behaviors of light–matter interactions such as quantum electrodynamics (QED), strong coupling (e.g., Rabi splitting), and quantum mirage. This versatile, yet effective soft quantum nanophotonics would be further benefitted from a deterministic control over the positions and orientations of each individual quantum emitter, particularly at the molecule level of resolution. In this review, we will argue that DNA nanotechnology can provide a gold vista toward this end. A collective set of exotic characteristics of DNA molecules, including Watson-Crick complementarity and helical morphology, enables reliable grabbing of quantum emitters at the on-demand position and steering of their directors at the single molecular level. More critically, the recent advances in large-scale integration of DNA origami have pushed the reliance on the distinctly well-formed single device to the regime of the ultra-scale device arrays, which is critical for promoting the practically immediate applications of such soft quantum nanophotonics.

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Franke, A., B. Bastek, S. Sterling, O. August, S. Petzold, P. Veit, J. Christen, et al. "Optical characterization of a InGaN/GaN microcavity with epitaxial AlInN/GaN bottom DBR." MRS Proceedings 1396 (2012). http://dx.doi.org/10.1557/opl.2012.83.

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ABSTRACTResonant coupling of an optical mode confined within a microcavity and an emitter is the basic prerequisite for the observation of Bose-Einstein condensation phenomena and the development of novel optical devices based on cavity polaritons.We demonstrate highly spatially resolved 2” wafer characterization of the reflectivity and emission properties of a nitride based multi quantum well semi microcavity (i.e. structure without top Bragg reflector) to verify resonant regions. Photoluminescence and reflectivity spectra recorded at the same positions on the wafer exhibit a strong spatial dependence of the multi quantum well emission and the center wavelength of the stop band of the bottom Bragg reflector across the sample. Resonance, i.e., matching of the emission and the center wavelength of the stop band, is found in a region 8 mm off the center of the wafer.The thickness profile across the AlInN/GaN Bragg reflector and multi quantum well layers was obtained by x-ray mappings over the full wafer. A perfect correlation between the local optical properties and the x-ray thickness distribution is found. Additional transmission electron microscopy investigations indicate a complete crack free structure and smooth interfaces between the layers within the Bragg reflector making the structure appropriate for strong coupling applications.

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Rahbany, N., W. Geng, S. Blaize, R. Salas-Montiel, R. Bachelot, and C. Couteau. "Integrated plasmonic double bowtie / ring grating structure for enhanced electric field confinement." Nanospectroscopy 1, no. 1 (January 28, 2015). http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/nansp-2015-0005.

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AbstractMetallic nanoparticles and nanoantennas have been extensively studied due to their capability to increase electromagnetic field confinement which is essential in numerous applications ranging from optoelectronics to telecommunication and sensing devices. We show that a double bowtie nanoantenna has a higher electric field confinement in its gap compared to a single bowtie nanoantenna, which is expected to give better fluorescence enhancement of a single emitter placed in the gap. We show that the electric field intensity can be further increased by placing the double bowtie inside a ring grating structure where the excitation of surface plasmon-polaritons (SPPs) is achieved. We perform FDTD simulations to characterise the double bowtie nanoantenna and study the effect of its dimensions on the electric field enhancement in the gap. Our proposed integrated structure with gratings is shown to increase the electric field by a factor of 77 due to a double cavity effect. Next steps would be to study the fluorescence enhancement of emitters placed inside our double bowtie / ring grating nanocavity to see if the strong coupling regime can be attained.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Emitter-cavity coupling'

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