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Academic literature on the topic 'Emissivities'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 13 July 2022

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Journal articles on the topic "Emissivities"

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Prigent, Catherine, Frédéric Chevallier, Fatima Karbou, Peter Bauer, and Graeme Kelly. "AMSU-A Land Surface Emissivity Estimation for Numerical Weather Prediction Assimilation Schemes." Journal of Applied Meteorology 44, no. 4 (April 1, 2005): 416–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jam2218.1.

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Abstract This study describes the work performed at the European Centre for Medium-Range Weather Forecasts (ECMWF) to estimate the microwave land surface emissivities at Advanced Microwave Sounding Unit (AMSU)-A frequencies within the specific context and constraint of operational assimilation. The emissivities are directly calculated from the satellite observations in clear-sky conditions using the surface skin temperature derived from ECMWF and the Radiative Transfer for the Television and Infrared Observation Satellite Operational Vertical Sounder (RTTOVS) model, along with the forecast model variables to estimate the atmospheric contributions. The results are analyzed, with special emphasis on the evaluation of the frequency and angular dependencies of the emissivities with respect to the surface characteristics. Possible extrapolation of the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I) emissivities to those of the AMSU is considered. Direct calculation results are also compared with emissivity model outputs.

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Birman, Camille, Fatima Karbou, and Jean-François Mahfouf. "Daily Rainfall Detection and Estimation over Land Using Microwave Surface Emissivities." Journal of Applied Meteorology and Climatology 54, no. 4 (April 2015): 880–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/jamc-d-14-0192.1.

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AbstractSurface emissivities computed at 89 GHz from AMSU-A, AMSU-B, and SSMI/S instruments are used to detect rain events and to estimate a daily precipitation rate over land surfaces. This new retrieval algorithm, called the emissivity rainfall retrieval (EMIRR) algorithm, is evaluated over France and compared with several other precipitation products. The precipitation detection is performed using temporal changes in daily surface emissivities. A statistical fit, derived from a rainfall analysis product using rain gauge and radar data, is devised to estimate a daily precipitation rate from surface emissivities. Rain retrievals are evaluated over a 1-yr period in 2010 against other precipitation products, including rain gauge measurements. The EMIRR algorithm allows a reasonable detection of rainy events from daily surface emissivities. The number of rainy days and the daily rainfall rates compare well to estimates from other precipitation products. However, the algorithm tends to overestimate low precipitation amounts and to underestimate higher ones, with reduced performances in the presence of snow. Despite such limitations, this new method is very promising and provides a demonstration of the potential use of the 89-GHz surface emissivities to infer relevant information (occurrence and amounts) related to daily precipitation over land surfaces.

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Prigent, Catherine, Filipe Aires, and William B. Rossow. "Land Surface Microwave Emissivities over the Globe for a Decade." Bulletin of the American Meteorological Society 87, no. 11 (November 1, 2006): 1573–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.1175/bams-87-11-1573.

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Microwave land surface emissivities have been calculated over the globe for ~10 yr between 19 and 85 GHz at 53° incidence angle for both orthogonal polarizations, using satellite observations from the Special Sensor Microwave Imager (SSM/I). Ancillary data (IR satellite observations and meteorological reanalysis) help remove the contribution from the atmosphere, clouds, and rain from the measured satellite signal and separate surface temperature from emissivity variations. The method to calculate the emissivity is general and can be applied to other sensors. The monthly mean emissivities are available for the community, with a 0.25° × 0.25° spatial resolution. The emissivities are sensitive to variations of the vegetation density, the soil moisture, the presence of standing water at the surface, or the snow behavior, and can help characterize the land surface properties. These emissivities (not illustrated in this paper) also allow for improved atmospheric retrieval over land and can help evaluate land surface emissivity models at global scales.

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Prigent, C., J. P. Wigneron, W. B. Rossow, and J. R. Pardo-Carrion. "Frequency and angular variations of land surface microwave emissivities: can we estimate SSM/T and AMSU emissivities from SSM/I emissivities?" IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing 38, no. 5 (2000): 2373–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/36.868893.

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Malone, C. G., B. I. Choi, M. I. Flik, and E. G. Cravalho. "Spectral Emissivity of Optically Anisotropic Solid Media." Journal of Heat Transfer 115, no. 4 (November 1, 1993): 1021–28. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/1.2911356.

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This work determines the spectral emissivity of a semi-infinite uniaxial medium in vacuum. If the optic axis is normal to the surface, then, for many materials and wavelengths, such as rutile between 10 and 25 μm, the directional and hemispherical spectral emissivities of the medium can be approximated, with an error of less than 10 percent, as those of an isotropic medium possessing the ordinary optical constants. In contrast, if the optic axis is parallel to the surface, the directional and hemispherical spectral emissivities can be predicted only by accounting for the optical anisotropy of the medium. Measurements of the directional emissivities of rutile crystals conform to the theoretical predictions.

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Langsdale, Mary F., Thomas P. F. Dowling, Martin Wooster, James Johnson, Mark J. Grosvenor, Mark C. de Jong, William R. Johnson, Simon J. Hook, and Gerardo Rivera. "Inter-Comparison of Field- and Laboratory-Derived Surface Emissivities of Natural and Manmade Materials in Support of Land Surface Temperature (LST) Remote Sensing." Remote Sensing 12, no. 24 (December 17, 2020): 4127. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs12244127.

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Correct specification of a target’s longwave infrared (LWIR) surface emissivity has been identified as one of the greatest sources of uncertainty in the remote sensing of land surface temperature (LST). Field and laboratory emissivity measurements are essential for improving and validating LST retrievals, but there are differing approaches to making such measurements and the conditions that they are made under can affect their performance. To better understand these impacts we made measurements of fourteen manmade and natural samples under different environmental conditions, both in situ and in the laboratory. We used Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectrometers to deliver spectral emissivities and an emissivity box to deliver broadband emissivities. Field- and laboratory-measured spectral emissivities were generally within 1–2% in the key 8–12 micron region of the LWIR atmospheric window for most samples, though greater variability was observed for vegetation and inhomogeneous samples. Differences between laboratory and field spectral measurements highlighted the importance of field methods for these samples, with the laboratory setup unable to capture sample structure or inhomogeneity. The emissivity box delivered broadband emissivities with a consistent negative bias compared to the FTIR-based approaches, with differences of up to 5%. The emissivities retrieved using the different approaches result in LST retrieval differences of between 1 and 4 °C, stressing the importance of correct emissivity specification.

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ZHANG, JIE, SHAO-FENG WANG, and MEN-QUAN LIU. "PROTON BRANCH OF MODIFIED URCA PROCESS IN STRONG MAGNETIC FIELD AND SUPERFLUIDITY OF NEUTRON STAR CORES." International Journal of Modern Physics E 19, no. 03 (March 2010): 437–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0218301310014856.

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The modified URCA process produces efficient neutrino energy losses in neutron star cores, and has been shown to go via neutron and proton branches. Based on the improved electron chemical potential and critical temperature of superfluidity, the effects of strong magnetic field and superfluidity on the proton branch of modified URCA process are investigated simultaneously in this paper. The results show that strong magnetic field enhances the neutrino emissivities compared to the case in zero magnetic field, and superfluidity reduces the emissivities significantly. For the total neutrino emissivities, the magnetic field is dominant at the initial stage of neutron star cooling, but the superfluidity becomes crucial as the temperature drops below the critical temperature.

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Bowen, C., F. Wagon, D. Galmiche, P. Loiseau, E. Dattolo, and D. Babonneau. "Gold emissivities for hydrocode applications." Physics of Plasmas 11, no. 10 (October 2004): 4641–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1777615.

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Ficker, Tomáš. "Virtual emissivities of infrared thermometers." Infrared Physics & Technology 114 (May 2021): 103656. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2021.103656.

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Bowen, C. "NLTE emissivities via an ionisation temperature." Journal of Quantitative Spectroscopy and Radiative Transfer 71, no. 2-6 (October 2001): 201–14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0022-4073(01)00068-1.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Emissivities"

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Brani, David M. "Improved method for determining radiation intensity using total gas emissivities." Diss., Georgia Institute of Technology, 1994. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/17811.

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Flodström, Dante. "Smutsens påverkan på termisk emissivitet i uniformspersedlar." Thesis, Försvarshögskolan, 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:fhs:diva-9891.

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The objective of this study is to determine whether the accumulation of dirt on a battle dress garment affects the emissivity of said garment in the thermal radiation spectrum (8-12 μm). This is researched for the purpose of identifying whether there is a need for military units to spend time and resources on keeping battle dresses clean to minimize their thermal signature.To accomplish said objective, two experiments were conducted with the Swedish uniformssystem 90 (battle dress system) to determine change in emissivity due to dirt accumulation in relation to clean garments. Dirty garments were borrowed from active service personnel provided they had been used daily and not washed for over 6 months. Emissivity was gauged with a thermal camera from FLIR Systems.While differences could be identified in unison with the hypothesis, can no conclusion be drawn due to the low statistical significance of the results. This is due to the small sample sizes in relation to the difference observed.

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Sahli, Khaled. "Lueur negative d'oxygene : especes reactives et emissivite." Paris 11, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991PA112275.

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Le sujet de la these est l'etude d'un type particulier de plasma d'oxygene cree par faisceau d'electrons (1 kev, 20 ma/cm#2), lueur negative d'une decharge luminescente en regime anormal. Il s'agit de tester les qualites de ce plasma en tant que source de deux especes actives de l'oxygene utiles dans les applications: l'oxygene atomique et l'oxygene moleculaire singulet. L'experience porte pour l'essentiel sur les mesures par spectroscopie d'absorption v. U. V. (120 nm a 150 nm) des concentrations de ces deux especes et sur l'enregistrement des profils spatiaux d'emissivite du plasma dans le visible (450 nm a 850 nm) dont sont tirees des informations sur la cinetique de leur production. Les faibles concentrations en oxygene singulet (1%) excluent definitivement ce type de decharge pour les applications au laser a iode. En revanche les concentrations mesurees de l'oxygene atomique (10%) en font un bon candidat pour l'oxydation de grandes surfaces par des faisceaux en nappe. La comparaison satisfaisante des resultats d'emissivite a un modele publie permet de confirmer le role preponderant des electrons rapides et de mettre en evidence un important effet de temperature. La valeur de celle-ci peut atteindre 1000 k, ce qui est coherent avec une mesure presentee

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Öberg, Malin. "Optimerade material för optiska komponenter i koncentrerande solfångare." Thesis, Umeå universitet, Institutionen för tillämpad fysik och elektronik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:umu:diva-106075.

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The energy consumption continues to increase as the use of electronics and energy consuming equipment increases. The use of fossil fuels has to be phased out for this to be sustainable in the long run while the use of renewable energy continues to increase. A renewable energy source is solar energy but the production of heat and electricity are today very expensive compared to other energy sources and an important task for the solar energy market to grow is therefore to minimize the production cost of the solar collectors while increasing its efficiency to produce heat and/or electricity. One way to convert solar energy into heat is by using solar collectors and electricity can be produced by utilizing the produced heat, or by applying solar cells. This thesis aims to recommend a reflective material for the next generation solar collectors from Absolicon and to recommend a commercially available coating for the receiver tube of the solar collector. A market study has been carried out to investigate the cost-related aspects along with the optical and durable aspects for the optical material of the solar collector. Experimental evaluations have been performed to ensure that the optical materials meet the requirements that the supplier promises. The optical properties have been evaluated with advanced measuring equipment at the Ångströmlaboratoriet at Uppsala University and with an infrared camera. The measured values from the infrared camera were in turn used to theoretically calculate the thermal losses of the receiver tubes. To investigate the materials durability the materials were subjected to different climates in a climate chamber and all the tests that has been conducted in this thesis have been carried out both before and after the climate chamber simulation to investigate the materials optical and physical durability. An important aspect of the laminated films is that they should have good adhesive properties even when subjected to high temperatures and high humidity and a method to evaluate this has been developed. The result of the thesis shows that aluminum reflectors obtain the best optical results for concentrated solar collectors, but since aluminum is not suitable for the Absolicon solar collector TC160 the recommended reflector material is SF2, which showed good optical, adherent and durable properties which is desirable for a good solar collector and a total reflectance of 92.4 % was obtained. The material that is recommended as a receiver tube is R2 with a measured absorptance of 95.9 %, an emissivity of 17.7 % and the thermal energy loss was calculated to 1055 W. R2 is durable in high humidity and temperatures of 85°C for over 300 hours without the optical characteristics deteriorated. Based on the recommended materials, the next generation solar collectors from Absolicon obtained a theoretical calculated optical efficiency of 76 %.

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Lindqvist, Elias, and Sebastian Mäcs. "Värmestrålningssköldar som brandskydd av stålelement : En teoretisk undersökning." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Byggteknik, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-257580.

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I samband med ett brandförsök i Australien ämnat att undersöka sprinklersystem, testades även några enklare värmestrålningssköldar av olika högreflekterande material. I försöket placerades tre obelastade pelare ut och utsattes för full brand. Två av pelarna avskärmades med förzinkad stålplåt respektive aluminiserad stålplåt och en pelare var helt oskyddad och användes som referens. Mätningar från brandförsöket visar att den maximala ståltemperaturen, i de tre olika pelarna, uppmättes till 580°C, 427°C respektive 1064°C. Även då resultaten var positiva har få vidare undersökningar utförts, vilket har motiverat denna rapport. Rapportens huvudmål har varit att med hjälp av teoretiska experiment påvisa att värmestrålningssköldar kan användas som brandskydd för stålkonstruktioner. Metoden för genomförandet av arbetet har varit att sätta sig in i den bakomliggande teorin och bygga upp ett enklare beräkningsprogram där, utifrån givna materialegenskaper, olika sorters sköldars förmåga att brandskydda ett ståltvärsnitt beräknas. De första kapitlen beskriver bakomliggande teori rörande brand och termofysik. Detta följs upp av några exempel på tänkbara värmestrålningssköldar, en enklare kostnadskalkyl där jämförelse av andra brandskyddsmetoder har gjorts och slutligen ett förslag på hur sköldar ska dimensioneras. För att skydda en VKR-profil 200x200x10 i 30 minuter måste en 1 millimeter tjock sköld med en luftspalt på 20 millimeter, mellan pelare och sköld, bestå av ett material som reflekterar minst 80 procent av all värmeenergi som strålar mot den under hela brandförloppet. Skölden ska även ha en hög densitet, specifik värmekapacitet och smältpunkt. Detta kan jämföras med aluminiumfolie som reflekterar omkring 95 procent, men varken har den densitet eller smältpunkt som krävs för att hantera de extrema förhållandena vid brand. Det visar sig även att i dagsläget är brandskydd med hjälp av värmestrålningssköldar relativt dyrt jämtemot traditionella brandskyddsmetoder.
In fire tests performed in Australia meant to examine the effectivity of sprinkler systems, a few simple heat radiation shields made of highly reflective materials were also tested. In the trials three identical steel columns were exposed to fire in an office building. One of those columns were shielded with a galvanized steel sheet, the second with an aluminized steel sheet while the third was left unprotected. Data from the trial shows that the temperature of the steel columns was measured to 580°C and 427°C for the protected columns and 1064°C for the unprotected. Despite the positive results hardly any further studies has been made on this subject, which have motivated this report. The main goal of this report is to, with the help of theoretical experiments, prove that heat radiation shields can be used as a fire protection system for steel profiles. By implementing the underlying theory of heat transfer into a program capable of calculating a certain material’s ability to protect a steel profile from radiant heat, the temperature of the profile could be estimated. Results show that in order to sufficiently protect a VKR 200x200x10 millimeter steel profile exposed to 30 minutes of fire, a 1 millimeter heat radiation shield made out of a material with no less than 80 percent heat reflectivity has to be used. The material must also contain its reflectivity during the entire period, have a high enough density and not melt at a temperature lower than 1000°C.

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Kasali, Suraju Olawale. "Thermal diodes based on phase-change materials." Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT2254.

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Nous étudions dans cette thèse la rectification thermique de diodes thermiques radiatives ou conductive constituées de matériaux à changement de phase.Cette thèse est divisée en trois parties. Dans les premières parties, nous modélisons comparativement les performances d’une diode thermique conductive sphérique et cylindrique constitués de VO2 présentant un transition de phase et des matériaux n’en présentant pas. Des expressions analytiques aux bornes des diodes sont dérivées. Des flux thermiques, des facteurs de rectifications ainsi que les profils de température à l’intérieur de la diode sont obtenus. Nos résul-tats montrent que les différentes géométries de diodes ont un impact significatif sur les profils de température et les flux thermiques, mais moins un sur les facteurs de rectification. Dans ce travail, nous avons obtenu des facteurs de rectification maximaux allant jusqu’à 20.8% et 20.7%, qui sont supérieurs à celui prédit pour une diode plane constituée de VO2. Nous montrons également que des facteurs de rectification similaires à ceux obtenus avec le VO2 dans les géométries sphériques et cylindriques peuvent être atteints avec des matériaux à changement de phase dont le contraste de conductivité est plus important que dans le cas du VO2. Dans la deuxième partie, nous étudions la rectification de diodes thermiques constituées de deux matériaux à changement de phase. Avec, l’idée de générer un facteur de redressement plus élevé que dans le cas d’une diode thermique conductive ne comprenant qu’un matériau à changement de phase unique. Là encore, le travail a conduit à l’établissement d’expressions explicites pour les profils de température, les flux thermiques et le facteur de rectification. Nous avons obtenu un facteur de rectification optimal de 60% avec une variation de température de 250 K couvrant les transitions métal-isolant des deux matériaux. Dans la troisième partie de notre travail, nous avons modélisé et optimisé la rectification thermique de diodes thermiques planes, cylindriques et sphériques radiatives à base de deux matériaux à changement de phase. Nous savons calculer et analyser les facteurs de rectification de ces trois diodes et obtenu les facteurs de rectification optimaux respectifs pour les trois géométries 82%, 86% et 90.5%. Nos résultats montrent que la géométrie sphérique est la meilleure pour optimiser la rectification des courants thermiques radiatifs. De plus, des facteurs de rectification potentiellement supérieurs à ceux prédits ici peuvent être réalisés en utilisant deux matériaux à changement de phase avec des contrastes d’émissivités plus élevés que ceux proposés ici. Ces résultats analytiques et graphiques fournissent un guide utile pour optimiser les facteurs de rectification des diodes thermiques conductives et radiatifs basées sur des matériaux à changement de phase de géométries différentes
The thermal rectification of conductive and radiative thermal diodes based on phase-change materials, whose thermal conductivities and effective emissivities significant change within a narrow range of temperatures, is theoretically studied and optimized in different geometries. This thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, we comparatively model the performance of a spherical and cylindrical conductive thermal diodes operating with vanadium dioxide (VO2) and non-phase-change materials, and derive analytical expressions for the heat flows, temperature profiles and optimal rectification factors for both diodes. Our results show that different diode geometries have a significant impact on the temperature profiles and heat flows, but less one on the rectification factors. We obtain maximum rectification factors of up to 20.8% and 20.7%, which are higher than the one predicted for a plane diode based on VO2. In addition, it is shown that higher rectification factors could be generated by using materials whose thermal conductivity contrast is higher than that of VO2. In the second part, on the other hand, we theoretically study the thermal rectification of a conductive thermal diode based on the combined effect of two phase-change materials. Herein, the idea is to generate rectification factors higher than that of a conductive thermal diode operating with a single phase-change material. This is achieved by deriving explicit expressions for the temperature profiles, heat fluxes and rectification factor. We obtain an optimal rectification factor of 60% with a temperature variation of 250 K spanning the metal-insulator transitions of VO2 and polyethylene. This enhancement of the rectification factor leads us to the third part of our work, where we model and optimize the thermal rectification of a plane, cylindrical and spherical radiative thermal diodes based on the utilization of two phase-change materials. We analyze the rectification factors of these three diodes and obtain the following optimal rectification factors of 82%, 86% and 90.5%, respectively. The spherical geometry is thus the best shape to optimize the rectification of radiative heat currents. In addition, potential rectification factors greater than the one predicted here can be realized by utilizing two phase-change materials with higher emissivities contrasts than the one proposed here. Our analytical and graphical results provide a useful guide for optimizing the rectification factors of conductive and radiative thermal diodes based on phase-change materials with different geometries

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Lahbabi, Khalid. "Etude et realisation d'un dispositif de mesure, dans le spectre infrarouge, de l'emissivite des materiaux opaques." Paris 6, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986PA066115.

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Mesure directe de l'emissivite spectrale directionnelle d'echantillons dans le domaine spectral 3 microns a 11 microns en fonction de l'angle d'observation, de la longueur d'onde du rayonnement et de la temperature. Possibilite de mesure indirecte par l'intermediaire de la brdf

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Karbou, Fatima. "Inversion des mesures radiométriques haute-fréquence au-dessus des surfaces continentales." Phd thesis, Université de Versailles-Saint Quentin en Yvelines, 2004. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00524882.

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Le principal objectif de ce travail de thèse est d'étudier la faisabilité de restitution des profils atmosphériques de température et d'humidité au-dessus des surfaces continentales à partir des mesures des sondeurs micro-onde passives et principalement des mesures AMSU-A et –B. En effet, si les mesures AMSU sont assimilées de façon opérationnelle au-dessus des océans, elles restent cependant, insuffisamment exploitées au-dessus des continents. L'émissivité des continents est souvent élevée (proche de 1.0) et très variable avec les caractéristiques de la surface. Par conséquent, il est difficile de séparer les contributions relatives de la surface et de l'atmosphère aux rayonnements mesurés par les capteurs satellites. Pour cette raison, une partie importante de ce travail a été consacrée à l'estimation de l'émissivité de surface aux fréquences AMSU (23-150 GHz) et aux angles d'observation de ces instruments (de -58° à +58° par rapport au nadir). Les calculs de l'émissivité de surface ont été menés sur le globe en utilisant les données non nuageuses de l'année 2000. Les émissivités AMSU ainsi obtenues ont été évaluées en examinant leurs dépendances angulaires et spectrales et par comparaison aux émissivités SSM/I. Toutes ces analyses ont permis le développement d'une paramétrisation de l'émissivité de surface valable pour des fréquences allant de 23 à 150 GHz et pour des angles d'observation satellite pouvant atteindre 58°. Par la suite et avec une bonne connaissance de la surface (émissivité et température de surface), la faisabilité de l'inversion des profils de température et d'humidité atmosphériques à partir des observations AMSU a été étudiée en réalisant une étude de contenu en information. Cette étude a montré que les mesures issues des instruments AMSU quand elles sont combinées avec des estimations fiables de l'émissivité et de la température de surface, permettent l'amélioration des restitutions de température et d'humidité atmosphériques surtout dans les basses couches.

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Assice, Antoine. "Detection en ondes millimetriques de defauts dielectriques ou semi-conducteurs dans un materiau a pertes." Toulouse 3, 1987. http://www.theses.fr/1987TOU30182.

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Utilisation de la radiometrie en ondes millimetriques dans la recherche de discontinuites dielectriques dans les materiaux composites. Simulation en ondes millimetriques des variations de puissance qui existent entre la zone homogene et la zone contenant le defaut

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Gongassian, Michel. "Etude theorique du rayonnement emis par un plasma d'hexafluorure de soufre." Toulouse 3, 1986. http://www.theses.fr/1986TOU30066.

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Calcul des coefficients d'absorption et d'emission du rayonnement dans un plasma de sf6 pour des temperatures de 5 000 a 30 000k et une pression de 1 a 8 atm. Les especes considerees sont les electrons, les atomes neutres f et s,les ions negatifs f**(-) et s**(-) et les ions atomiques positifs une et deux fois charges. Le rayonnement total tient compte des raies, de la recombinaison radiative, de l'attachement electronique et du bremsstrahlung (electron-ion et electron-atome)

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Book chapters on the topic "Emissivities"

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Perinić, G., W. Scherber, and K. Schulz. "A Portable Instrument for Measuring Emissivities." In A Cryogenic Engineering Conference Publication, 1851–55. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0373-2_234.

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Le Bourlot, J., G. Pincau des Forêts, and E. Roueff. "Modelling the SMC: atomic to molecular transition and emissivities." In New Aspects of Magellanic Cloud Research, 173–74. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/3-540-56432-2_191.

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Becker, François, and Zhao-Liang Li. "Infrared Remote Sensing of Surface Temperature and Surface Spectral Emissivities." In High Spectral Resolution Infrared Remote Sensing for Earth’s Weather and Climate Studies, 265–84. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84599-4_18.

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Takashima, Tsutomu, and Kazuhiko Masuda. "Investigation of Infrared Emissivities of Sahara Dust Powders and Quartz from Space." In High Spectral Resolution Infrared Remote Sensing for Earth’s Weather and Climate Studies, 299–306. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-84599-4_20.

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Krishnan, S., G. P. Hansen, R. H. Hauge, and J. L. Margrave. "Emissivities and Optical Constants of Electromagnetically Levitated Liquid Metals as Functions of Temperature and Wavelength." In Materials Chemistry at High Temperatures, 143–64. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-0481-7_11.

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Jackson, J. D., and Chien-Cheng Yen. "MEASUREMENTS OF TOTAL AND SPECTRAL EMISSIVITIES OF SOME CERAMIC FIBRE INSULATION MATERIALS." In The Institute of Energy's Second International Conference on Ceramics in Energy Applications, 159–74. Elsevier, 1994. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-08-042133-9.50016-2.

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Conference papers on the topic "Emissivities"

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Thelen, Jean-Claude, S. Havemann, and J. P. Taylor. "Hyperspectral Retrieval of Surface Emissivities." In Hyperspectral Imaging and Sensing of the Environment. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/hisense.2009.htua4.

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Bartell, Frederick O. "A Mess Of Cavity Emissivities." In SPIE 1989 Technical Symposium on Aerospace Sensing, edited by August J. Huber, Milton J. Triplett, and James R. Wolverton. SPIE, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.960748.

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Bartell, Frederick O. "Cavity Emissivities Greater Than One." In 1984 Cambridge Symposium, edited by Andronicos G. Kantsios. SPIE, 1985. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.946127.

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Thelen, J. ‐C, S. Havemann, and J. P. Taylor. "Hyperspectral Retrieval of Surface Emissivities." In CURRENT PROBLEMS IN ATMOSPHERIC RADIATION (IRS 2008): Proceedings of the International Radiation Symposium (IRC/IAMAS). American Institute of Physics, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3116927.

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Bauer, Wolfgang, and Alexander Moldenhauer. "Emissivities of ceramics for temperature measurements." In Defense and Security, edited by Douglas D. Burleigh, K. Elliott Cramer, and G. Raymond Peacock. SPIE, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.538739.

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Bauer, W. "Spectral Emissivities of Heat-Treated Steel Surfaces." In TEMPERATURE: Its Measurement and Control in Science and Industry; Volume VII; Eighth Temperature Symposium. AIP, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.1627227.

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Peng, Xu, Leung Tsang, and Kun Shan Chen. "Emissivities of Random Rough Surface over Layered Media." In IGARSS 2008 - 2008 IEEE International Geoscience and Remote Sensing Symposium. IEEE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/igarss.2008.4780147.

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Bauer, Wolfgang, Alexander Moldenhauer, and Alexander Platzer. "Emissivities of ceramic materials for high temperature processes." In Optics & Photonics 2005, edited by Leonard M. Hanssen and Patrick V. Farrell. SPIE, 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.624512.

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Tierney, Michael J. "Measurements of the total emissivities of oxidised steel surfaces." In London - DL tentative, edited by Alan H. Lettington. SPIE, 1990. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.22330.

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Mira, M., T. Schmugge, E. Valor, V. Caselles, and C. Coll. "Comparison of field emissivities with laboratory measurements and ASTER data." In SPIE Remote Sensing, edited by Christopher M. U. Neale, Manfred Owe, and Guido D'Urso. SPIE, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.800130.

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Reports on the topic "Emissivities"

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Asher, William E. Breaking Waves and Microwave Polarimetric Emissivities: Final Report. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, April 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada433619.

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Sutherland, Robert A. Determination and Use of IR Band Emissivities in a Multiple Scattering and Thermally Emitting Aerosol Medium. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, July 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada404478.

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