Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Émissivités'
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Mezrhab, Ahmed. "Contribution à l'étude numérique et expérimentale des échanges radiatifs : méthode de l'hémisphère réfléchissant pour la mesure des émissivités et températures de surfaces ; logiciel de calcul des facteurs de forme et bilans radiatifs." Aix-Marseille 1, 1991. http://www.theses.fr/1991AIX11322.
Full textLesage, Sébastian. "Correction atmosphérique d'images hyperspectrales infrarouges et découplage émissivité-température de surface." Toulouse, ISAE, 2010. http://www.theses.fr/2010ESAE0005.
Full textBouvry, Benjamin. "Développement de matériaux réfractaires à haute émissivité pour superstructure de fours verriers." Thesis, Orléans, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015ORLE2002.
Full textEvolution of global economy and green policy leads companies, like Saint-Gobain, to develop new productsto reduce the cost of their glass making systems and greenhouse gas emissions from glass furnaces. It isnecessary to improve thermal insulation of furnaces by increasing emittance property of refractory materialslike Jargal M and BP mullite. A way to improve radiative properties is the functionalization of materials toreach high levels of emissivity at working temperature and to keep refracterity of base materials.Improvement of optical properties of materials was made by adding emissive elements like transition oxides,known to induce high emissivity property in the transparent region of dielectric material. Several dopingtechnics were tested, for example mass doping or elements diffusion, to propose efficient and usefulsolutions for industries. Optical characterization was performed with an infrared spectrometry devicedeveloped in the CEMHTI laboratory, allowing measurement at high temperature thanks to CO2 laserheating. Microsonde and scanning electron microscopy observations were also done to correlateimprovement of radiative behavior with texture, phases and localization of doping elements into materials. Asimulation step has also been developed to complete experimental measurements and to show texture andvolume influences on radiative properties. This numerical procedure mixed image treatment from μ-tomography X analysis, generation of numerical samples with controlled texture and their characterization bynumerical simulation using geometrical optic laws and rays tracing procedure
Sediri, Amal. "Etude de revêtements à forte émissivité pour application au traitement thermique par infrarouge." Thesis, Tours, 2017. http://www.theses.fr/2017TOUR4005/document.
Full textRare earth nickelate oxides Ln2NiO4+δ (Ln = La, Pr, and Nd) have attracted considerable interest for both theoretical and experimental studies especially due to their pseudo-high black body behavior. Advanced industry takes a particular interest in applications based on infrared radiation heater, which tend to replace the classical heating convection. Thermal radiative properties of materials are intimately related to their intrinsic and extrinsic characteristics. Intrinsic properties concern chemical composition, thickness layer and complex refractive index, while extrinsic properties refer to the texture (roughness, porosity, grain and pore sizes and grain boundaries) and the presence of impurities. Pr2NiO4+δ coatings have been obtained on both polycrystalline and monocrystalline substrates by combining RF magnetron co-sputtering with an appropriate heat treatment at 1100◦C. X-ray diffraction spectroscopy analysis revealed a biphasic Pr2NiO4+δ compound, with an oxygen over-stoichiometry. The surface analysis was probed by SEM, AFM and profilometry, and showed a rough and porous granular aspect for all the deposited layers. Thermal radiative properties were studied by infrared optical spectroscopy. The normal spectral emissivity from 300 K up to 1400 K confirmed the high emissive properties of the Pr2NiO4+δ coatings, even for thicknesses down to 1,5 μm. A total normal emissivity of 0,87 in the mid-infrared range is obtained for the 2,8 μm coating thickness
Coulson, MiKe. "Conductivité, diffusivité, émissivité thermiques de composites poly (EtherKetoneKetone) - charges carbonées : fibres continues et particules." Thesis, Toulouse 3, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30215.
Full text: The aim of this research is the improvement of the laser depositing fiber placement process, applied to Poly (EtherKetoneKetone) / continuous carbon fiber composites. The optimization of deposit parameters implies the investigation of the stability of the matrix and of the thermal behavior of composites. Thermal conductivity, diffusivity, and optical emissivity, are the key parameters for understanding the behavior of volume and surface conduction of composites. PEKK / carbon particle composites have been processed to study the effect of carbon morphology on thermal parameters. The emissivity of the PEKK / continuous fiber composites was measured by comparing the radiation emitted by the material with the one emitted by a black body at the same temperature. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity, which are intrinsic parameters of the composite, increase with the rate of charge and the temperature. These two parameters have been studied as a function of temperature, in the case of PEEK / continuous fibers composites and PEKK / carbon particles composites for various charge rates
Barka, Lucile. "Etude de la survivabilité des débris spatiaux en phase de rentrée atmosphérique (oxydation et émissivité)." Thesis, Perpignan, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018PERP0042/document.
Full textTo better assess the survivability of space debris when they fall at ground (final mass and casualty area), the DEBRISK tool from CNES needs to feed its material database with properties at high temperatures (oxidation and emissivity mainly). Thus, this thesis was conducted at the PROMES-CNRS laboratory on the experimental study of oxidation in atmospheric re-entry conditions (air plasma, high temperature and low pressure) for four metallic alloys which are the most difficult to destroy (Invar 36, TA6V, 316L and 304L).The total directional emissivity was measured at high temperature for all the materials and the totalhemispherical emissivity calculated, on non-oxidized samples, in high vacuum, but also, on pre-oxidized samples under air plasma and on in situ oxidized ones in standard air. The experimental results have shown for all the materials that the oxidation at high temperature under air plasma was not significant, due to the obtaining of small mass gains or losses (depending of the alloy) compared to the initial masses. However, oxidation creates a huge modification of the surface – composition and morphology – that leads to a significant increase of the total emissivity of oxidized materials compared to the one of virgin samples by a factor 3 or even 4 (depending on the alloy) that can strongly delay the melting process during a trajectory andconsequently the calculation of the final mass and the casualty area. Moreover, it was observed that the emissivity of oxides formed under air plasma was generally 10% higher than those formed in air standard, hence the interest to perform emissivity measurements on pre-oxidized samples under air plasma conditions, representative of the atmospheric re-entry conditions of space debris. Finally, it would be more judicious to implement in the atmospheric reentry tools, the influence of the oxidation under air plasma on the emissivity rather than the kinetics of oxidation obtained
Blanco, Éric. "Température et émissivité des matériaux sous choc : étude expérimentale par pyrométrie optique à travers un matériau fenêtre." Paris 10, 1997. http://www.theses.fr/1997PA100203.
Full textThe temperature is an important parameter to determine the equation of state of shock loaded materials. Indeed, to solve the hydrodynamics equations system (where this parameter does not appear explicitly), it is necessary ti use a complete equation of state connecting thermodynamics parameters : pressure, density, specific internal energy and temperature. In order to determine temperature along the isentropic release of studied material, a window material in lithium fluoride is used. Three different samples (bismuth, copper and tin) have been studied in a shock pressure range between 10 GPa and 100 GPa. We have designed and built a multispectral pyrometer having 8 measurement channels and operating in in a specral range between 0. 4 µm and 3. 5 µm. The pyrometer spectral range allows to uncouple the usually associated problems of studied material temperature and emissivity. The short wavelength measurement (visible range) allows to determine the true temperature of shocked material. Dynamic emissivity variation versus the wavelength is obtained in the infrared range and allows us to know the state changes undergo by the shocked material. The experimental results have allowed us to point out : - a temperature and emissivity increasing versus the shock pressure, - a state change (solid-liquid) for bismuth at shock pressure of 32 GPa
Makke, Laurent. "Modélisation tridimensionnelle du rayonnement infrarouge atmosphérique utilisant l'approximation en émissivité : application à la formation du brouillard radiatif." Thesis, Paris Est, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PESC1061/document.
Full textThe Atmospheric Radiation field has seen the development of more accurate and faster methods to take into account absorption. Modelling fog formation, where Infrared Radiation is involved, requires accurate methods to compute cooling rates. Radiative fog appears with clear sky condition due to a significant cooling during the night where absorption is the dominant processus. Thanks to High Performance Computing, multi-spectral approaches of Radiative Transfer Equation resolution are often used. Nevertheless, the coupling of three-dimensional radiative transfer with fluid dynamics is very computationally expensive. Radiation increases the computation time by around fifty percent over the pure Computational Fluid Dynamics simulation. To reduce the time spent in radiation calculations, a new method using the broadband emissivity has been developed to compute an equivalent absorption coefficient (spectrally integrated). Only one resolution of Radiative Transfer Equation is needed against $N_{text{band}} times N_{text{gauss}}$ for an $N_{text{band}}$ model with $N_{text{gauss}}$ quadrature points on each band. A comparison with simulation data has been done and the new parameterization of Radiative properties shows the ability to handle variations of gases concentrations and liquid water. A dynamical study through the coupling between the infrared radiation model and Code_Saturne has been done to validate our parametrization. Finally the model was tested on a 3-D domain with idealized buildings to catch 3-D infrared radiative effects due to horizontally inhomogenities of the liquid water content field and buildings
Venot, Timothée. "Matériaux optiques actifs en couches minces : élaboration et caractérisation de systèmes tout-solides électrochromes à émissivité infrarouge variable." Thesis, Tours, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014TOUR4006.
Full textElectrochromic materials are devices for modulating the reflection or transmission of light. They cover a wide variety of applications in the visible range (smart windows) and the infrared range (thermal protection for satellites and optical infrared discretion). The works presented in this manuscript were essentially responding to the problem of developping an all solid electrochromic device with a variable infrared emissivity by a single process of magnetron sputtering. A new stacking architecture with a working bi functional monolayer electrode was chosen to bring the properties conventionally made by two or more layers on top of electrochromic device. This new architecture has required the establishment of an original deposit process of hydrated reactive sputtering. This process yielded a monolayer electrode based on tungsten trioxide combining the desired optical and electronic properties. It allowed to deposit other layers of the stack, the counter electrode based on tungsten trioxide and the proton conductive solid electrolyte based on tantalum or zirconium oxide. The study of the addition of an encapsulation layer based on cerium dioxide was also conducted. This architecture has resulted in a functional all-solid electrochromic stack. The complete device thus prepared exhibits good optical properties in the infrared emissivity in terms of modulation and in particular in the spectral bands of interest, namely 13 % in MW and 31 % in LW
Gsib, Badii. "Modélisation numérique du comportement thermique d'un substrat de semiconducteur dans l'ultra vide." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/1476.
Full textKasali, Suraju Olawale. "Thermal diodes based on phase-change materials." Thesis, Poitiers, 2021. http://www.theses.fr/2021POIT2254.
Full textThe thermal rectification of conductive and radiative thermal diodes based on phase-change materials, whose thermal conductivities and effective emissivities significant change within a narrow range of temperatures, is theoretically studied and optimized in different geometries. This thesis is divided into three parts. In the first part, we comparatively model the performance of a spherical and cylindrical conductive thermal diodes operating with vanadium dioxide (VO2) and non-phase-change materials, and derive analytical expressions for the heat flows, temperature profiles and optimal rectification factors for both diodes. Our results show that different diode geometries have a significant impact on the temperature profiles and heat flows, but less one on the rectification factors. We obtain maximum rectification factors of up to 20.8% and 20.7%, which are higher than the one predicted for a plane diode based on VO2. In addition, it is shown that higher rectification factors could be generated by using materials whose thermal conductivity contrast is higher than that of VO2. In the second part, on the other hand, we theoretically study the thermal rectification of a conductive thermal diode based on the combined effect of two phase-change materials. Herein, the idea is to generate rectification factors higher than that of a conductive thermal diode operating with a single phase-change material. This is achieved by deriving explicit expressions for the temperature profiles, heat fluxes and rectification factor. We obtain an optimal rectification factor of 60% with a temperature variation of 250 K spanning the metal-insulator transitions of VO2 and polyethylene. This enhancement of the rectification factor leads us to the third part of our work, where we model and optimize the thermal rectification of a plane, cylindrical and spherical radiative thermal diodes based on the utilization of two phase-change materials. We analyze the rectification factors of these three diodes and obtain the following optimal rectification factors of 82%, 86% and 90.5%, respectively. The spherical geometry is thus the best shape to optimize the rectification of radiative heat currents. In addition, potential rectification factors greater than the one predicted here can be realized by utilizing two phase-change materials with higher emissivities contrasts than the one proposed here. Our analytical and graphical results provide a useful guide for optimizing the rectification factors of conductive and radiative thermal diodes based on phase-change materials with different geometries
Ramos, Yuddy. "Étude du potentiel des données satellitaires pour la cartographie géologique." Mémoire, Université de Sherbrooke, 2009. http://savoirs.usherbrooke.ca/handle/11143/2628.
Full textDejaeghere, Laurent. "Méthode de mesure par pyrométrie multispectrale et développement d'un dispositif à hautes températures." Thesis, Lorient, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016LORIS406/document.
Full textWelding simulation can be improved by a better knowledge of molten metals thermophysical properties. This improvement requires characterization using a very high temperature apparatus. After portraying a state of the art on characterization technics adapted to this temperature range (chapter 1), this manuscript details works, principally experimental, dedicated to the developments of a device able to heat metals up to 2 500 °C (chapters 3 and 4) and of a five wavelengths pyrometer in order to measure this temperature (chapters 2, 4 and 5). The device heats by induction a graphite tower, the crucible being placed at its center, and has been dimensioned by a magneto-thermal 2D axisymmetric simulation using the Comsol Multiphysics® software. In parallel, the pyrometer has been developed in order to measure both temperature and emissivity. In the absence of a high temperature blackbody, several experiments were carried out for the calibration of it; they were based on the use of the luminance of pure metals at their melting point. In order to cover the largest temperature range possible, chosen metals were iron, chromium, and even niobium. These experiments showed the efficiency of the pyrometer and the maximal ability of the high temperature device during the niobium melting around 2 500 °C. Finally, the pyrometer has been used on an arc welding process, in which temperature has been evaluated over a 1 000 °C – 2 500 °C temperature range
Bessiere, Aurélie. "Dispositifs flexibles à propriétés électro-optiques adaptatives dans le visible et l'infrarouge." Paris 6, 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002PA066394.
Full textLi, Hao. "Appproche structurale in situ des milieux fondus sous conditions extrêmes de température et de pression." Thesis, Orléans, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018ORLE2054/document.
Full textReal time thermal remote sensing of active volcanic systems is a crucial technique for understanding the behavior and eruptive activity of hot magmatic bodies. Such technology relies on determining the thermal emissivity of the magma, a parameter to identify the temperature of magma. We used a direct method to obtain a spectrum in the wavenumber range from 400 to 13000 cm-1; the natural (volcano Erebus and Teide) and synthetic samples were heated up from room temperature to 2000K with a CO2 laser and data were collected during all the heating stage with a FTIR spectrometer.Our results thus indicate that thermal emissivity of magmatic rock is affected by changes in composition and thermal history. The emissivity measurements show the important role of the iron and the cooling rate on the spectral response of the phonolite composition. These are important observations since different emissivity will lead to different temperature determinations and hence, an erroneous interpretation on the rheology and thermal efficiency of the magmatic body
Fillit, Chrystelle. "Développement d'un banc de thermographie infrarouge pour l'analyse in-situ de la fiabilité des microsystèmes." Phd thesis, Ecole Nationale Supérieure des Mines de Saint-Etienne, 2011. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00788682.
Full textMondet, Guillaume. "Propriétés radiatives des plasmas de fusion. Emissivité et opacité dans des structures atomiques complexes." Phd thesis, Université Paris Sud - Paris XI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00946767.
Full textCoret, Laurent. "Impact de l'hétérogénéité de surface sur le signal en entrée d'un capteur infrarouge thermique : prise en compte de l'aspect directionnel." École nationale supérieure de l'aéronautique et de l'espace (Toulouse ; 1972-2007), 2002. http://www.theses.fr/2002ESAE0012.
Full textKateb, Tahar. "La calorimétrie radiative appliquée à la mesure de l'émissivité hémisphérique globale des verres au voisinage de la température ambiante." Nancy 1, 1993. http://www.theses.fr/1993NAN10165.
Full textAlbalat, Nicolas. "Utilisation des données hyperspectrales du capteur IASI pour la restitution des paramètres thermo-optiques des surfaces terrestres." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2012. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00747800.
Full textWang, Xingkai. "Etude de l’émissivité des solides et liquides des températures cryogéniques aux très hautes températures." Thesis, Paris 10, 2015. http://www.theses.fr/2015PA100115/document.
Full textHeat transferred by radiation is proportional to the emissivity. This coefficient depends not only on the wavelength and the temperature, but also on the surfaceroughness, the chemical composition and the phase. A precise measurement is always a challenge because of the known and unknown factors. Compared with others, this thesis aims at the studies in extreme conditions, from cryogenic temperature to very high temperature: The absorptivity of a dielectric applied to the thermal protector for the satellite and the emissivity of gold surfaces with different roughness have been measured at 80K. The emissivity of different windows has been determined by the reflection method at room temperature for the research of energy saving. We have also studied the variation of the emissivity during the solid to liquid and α-β phase transition. The sulfur becomes more emissive when it changes from solid to liquid around 100°C, but there is no difference on the emissivity between its two major allotropies. The liquid silicon behaves like a metal with a very low emissivity and an obvious bound has been measured when it crosses its melting point. A marked variation of the emissivity of SiC for its two solid-state phases has been observed between 8-11μm. Contrary to other results, the peak values of the emissivity attenuate with the increase of temperature. Finally, three X points at which the emissivity doesn’t depend on the temperature have been measured for each phase
Surdyk, Sylviane. "Etudes des signatures spectrales micro-ondes obtenues par télédétection sur la calotte polaire antarctique : comparaison avec des données de terrain et modélisation de l'émissivité de la neige." Phd thesis, Grenoble INPG, 1993. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00765202.
Full textGaudin, Damien. "Imagerie infrarouge thermique haute résolution : potentiels et limitations pour la géologie." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0076/document.
Full textThermal infrared (7.5-14 μm) enables the measurement of temperature far fromgeological surfaces. Microbolometers devices are increasingly used in the field in order to mapthermal anomalies. However, phenomena such as atmospheric opacity and surface reflections disturb the electromagnetic signal. In addition, images have to be geometrically adjusted to fit with geographical models. A processing chain is here suggested in order to correct the radiometry and the geometry of images, and the uncertainties are computed. Then, its potential and limitations are considered, through a few examples. First, it has been used in order to detect the waterline evolution of a mud shore during a rising tide, which enables to reconstruct a digital elevation model. Then, a computer model has been developed to study the roughness effects on the surface temperature and on the thermal inertial calculation on Mars and on the (2867) Šteins asteroid. Finally the heat flux of a sub-fumarolian zone has been computed in La Soufrière volcano (Guadeloupe, Lesser Antilles).Thus, thermal infrared remote sensing is very useful in quantitatively mapping the temperatures anomalies with a high resolution. High frequency studies should enable the survey of geological phenomena
Qiu, Shi. "Retrieval of land surface emissivity from AMSR-E and SEVIRI data." Thesis, Strasbourg, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013STRAD047/document.
Full textThis thesis focused on the retrievals of Land Surface Emissivity (LSE) from microwave data and thermal infrared data. (1) This thesis provides a method to retrieval LSE from the AMSR-E (Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-Earth Observing System) and develops a Soil-Atmosphere Radiative Transfer Model (SARTM) to simulated brightness temperatures at satellite level. SARTM model is built from MonoRTM (MONOchromaticRadiative Transfer Model) and from AIEM (Advanced Integral Equation Model) models. In this study, the LSEs over whole China of year 2006 are estimated. (2) This thesis also presents an improved algorithm to retrieve LSE from SEVIRI (Spinning Enhanced Visible and Infrared Imager) data onboardthe MSG-2 satellite. Finally, this improved algorithm is applied to several MSG-2/SEVIRI datasets over a study area withinthe Iberian Peninsula region. It is demonstrated with some detailed cases that these improvements on the original LSE/land surface temperature (LST) retrieval methods are effective and reasonable
Cubero-Castan, Manuel. "Etude du démélange en imagerie hyperspectrale infrarouge." Thesis, Grenoble, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014GRENT068/document.
Full textThermal hyperspectral remote sensing provides information about materials from the measured radiance image. It is achieved using temperature and emissivity separation (TES) methods, estimating the emissivity and the temperature of the materials, and using unmixing methods, estimating their abundances. TES methods have been well investigated while too few studies have been working on unmixing in thermal infrared domain : this is the objective of this PhD. Therefore, three strategies have been studied. First, the unmixing is applied on radiance. It achieves good results but depends on the spatial variation of temperature. Applying the unmixing on the emissivities, estimated using the TES methods, gets rid of the spatial variation of temperature but provides a noisy abundance estimation. Eventually, a new method called Thermal Remote sensing Unmixing for Subpixel Temperature (TRUST) is designed to jointly estimate the abundance and the temperature of materials within the pixels. It gives better results than the first strategy and is more robust to spatial variation of temperature
Fillit, Chrystelle. "Développement d’un banc de thermographie infrarouge pour l’analyse in-situ de la fiabilité des microsystèmes." Thesis, Saint-Etienne, EMSE, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011EMSE0600/document.
Full textOver the last few years, considerable effort has gone into the study of the failure mechanisms and reliability of MicroElectroMechanical Systems (MEMS). MEMS performance and reliability are affected by many parameters, such as the complex physical interactions between thermo-mechanical deformation, current flow, high power actuation and contact heating. In particular, temperature is a key issue for the design of a low loss and reliable MEMS. In order to improve device reliability it is essential to understand the thermal behaviours of RF-MEMS under standard or harsh current conditions. In this work, we present a new approach to investigate the failure mechanism of MEMS. An original set-up has been developed to localise and measure the heat loss of MEMS during actuation. Thermal characterization has been performed using infrared thermography to investigate the thermal sensitivity of MEMS. A brand new infrared bench was developed for temperature distribution measurement. An infrared camera, operating in the 1,5 - 5 µm bandwidth, was coupled to a new specific optic to reach an enhanced spatial resolution better than 2 µm/pixel. This work presents several results obtained on different advanced RF-MEMS including RF-MEMS switches where failure mechanism had been diagnosed
Ramiandrisoa, Liana. "Etude et développement d'une mesure pyrométrique en cœur de réacteur pour le suivi de la température d'une gaine de combustible : application à l'étude des accidents de perte de réfrigérant primaire (APRP) au cours d'essais de simulation dans le réacteur expérimental Jules Horowitz." Thesis, Reims, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014REIMS038/document.
Full textIn both research and industry, temperature is a key parameter for understanding and characterizing the behavior of materials. To study the thermomechanical behavior of a fuel rod, a test device is designed for the Jules Horowitz Material Testing Reactor (currently under construction in the CEA Cadarache). The device will be placed under accidental conditions (Loss Of Coolant Accident, LOCA) causing rapid overheating. The temperature tracking, between 700 and 1200°C, will be measured by a fiber optic sensor. The aim of the project is to optimize temperature measurement by comparing different pyrometry techniques. This study covers the management of the main difficulties inherent to the design of the sensor.The first challenge consists of predicting optical fiber behavior in such complex environments where irradiation and high temperature are combined. The fiber will be exposed to a neutron dose rate about 10^12 nfast/cm²/s and ϒ dose rate of about 1kGy/s. Moreover its extremity is heated to approximately 800°C. It is shown that under these conditions, light interferences, absorption bands and fluctuating attenuation are obstacles to overcome or to mitigate.The second challenge, concerning pyrometric measurement, comes from spectral variations expected for the rod emissivity. The material of study is chosen for its widespread use in France: Zircaloy-4. Under oxidating conditions the spectral emissivity of this Zirconium alloy evolves. This thesis proves that between 700 and 800°C pyrometric measurement is possible from experimental point of view in laboratory without irradiation.In conclusion rod temperature tracking in JHR conditions may be possible providing that interferences are mastered and wavelengths are chosen. This work makes the use of optical pyrometry under civil nuclear extreme conditions more promising
Delaporte, Florent. "Nouvelles approches de conception en vue de la limitation des risques de compatibilité électromagnétique et de fuite d'information sur les équipements électroniques embarqués." Thesis, Rennes, INSA, 2020. http://www.theses.fr/2020ISAR0004.
Full textToday electronic systems market is very competitive. From an EMC point of view, it implies designing functional products, which pass EMC standards, in a minimum amount of time. To meet these needs, designers have to consider EMC as soon as possible in their design. In the context of electronic board design, there are two challenges to reach this goal. Firstly, the constraints in standards are equipment-level defined. Convert them to a board level is hardly accessible. Secondly, many parameters are undetermined at the beginning of the design, which prevents analysis and decision-making. This dissertation put forward some answers in a radiated emissivity context. To do so, a procedure to create a parametric model for the emissivity of an electronic board is proposed. The total radiated power as output of the model consists of the input at a system level model. This solves the first problem. The model built must be able to provide a sensitivity analysis to solve the second problem. Surrogate modeling based on electromagnetic (but time and resource consuming) simulation offers reliable and fast models. This is the methodology proposed by this thesis. It is tested on scenarios of moderate complexity, to prove how useful it is in decision-making during the conception of a stackup of a board
Obame, Ndong Elysée. "Développement d'un dispositif de calorimétrie par rayonnement thermique : application à la mesure des pertes dans les composants électriques." Phd thesis, Université de Grenoble, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00523756.
Full textJACQUOT, Alexandre. "Ingénierie des Matériaux et des Microgénérateurs Thermoélectriques." Phd thesis, Institut National Polytechnique de Lorraine - INPL, 2003. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00002757.
Full textEmprin, Benoit. "Développement d'optiques multicouches pour la spectrométrie X large bande du rayonnement émis par les plasmas." Thesis, Palaiseau, Institut d'optique théorique et appliquée, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014IOTA0014/document.
Full textWithin the framework of the research on inertial confinement fusion, the “Commissariat à l’énergie atomique et aux énergies alternatives” has studied and implemented an absolute calibrated time-Resolved broadband soft x-Ray spectrometer, called “Diagnostic de Mesure du rayonnement X”. This diagnostic, composed of 20 measurement channels, measures the emitted radiant power from a laser created plasma in the range from 50 eV to 20 keV. We have developed additional measurement channels to obtain redundancy and an improvement in measurement accuracy. The principle of these new channels is based on an original concept to obtain spectral bounded flat-Responses. Two channels have been developed for the 2 – 4 keV and 4 – 6 keV spectral ranges, using aperiodic multilayer mirrors made at the “Laboratoire Charles Fabry” with Cr/Sc and Ni/W/SiC/W layers respectively. These mirrors were characterized at synchrotron radiation facilities and integrated into the spectrometer. The two new channels were used during laser-Plasma experimental campaigns at the OMEGA laser facility in Rochester (USA). This allowed us to determine directly the radiant power with only one measurement within a certain spectral band, and with a better precision when compared with using standard channels. The results, in good agreement with the standard measurement channels, allowed us to validate the use of aperiodic multilayer mirrors for X-Ray broadband spectrometry
Tondo, Yoya Ariel Christopher. "Imagerie computationnelle active et passive à l’aide d’une cavité chaotique micro-ondes." Thesis, Rennes 1, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018REN1S130/document.
Full textThe broad topic of the presented Ph.D focuses on active and passive microwave computational imaging. The use of a chaotic cavity as a compressive component is studied both theoretically (mathematical model, algorithmic resolution of the inverse problem) and experimentally. The underlying idea is to replace an array of antennas with a single reverberant cavity with an array of openings on the front panel that encodes the spatial information of a scene in the temporal response of the cavity. The reverberation of electromagnetic waves inside the cavity provides the degrees of freedom necessary to reconstruct an image of the scene. Thus it is possible to create a high-resolution image of a scene in real time from a single impulse response. Applications include security or imaging through walls. In this work, the design and characterization of an open chaotic cavity is performed. Using this device, active computational imaging is demonstrated to produce images of targets of various shapes. The number of degrees of freedom is further improved by changing the boundary conditions with the addition of commercial fluorescent lamps. The interaction of the waves with these plasma elements allows new cavity configurations to be created, thus improving image resolution. Compressive imaging is next applied to the passive detection and localization of natural thermal radiation from noise sources, based on the correlation of signals received over two channels. Finally, an innovative method of interferometric target imaging is presented. It is based on the reconstruction of the impulse response between two antennas from the microwave thermal noise emitted by a network of neon lamps. This work constitutes a step towards for future imaging systems
Brodu, Etienne. "Thermal radiative properties and behavior of refractory metals, highly textured metallic coatings and pyrolytic boron nitride on C/C composite for the Solar Probe Plus mission." Thesis, Perpignan, 2014. http://www.theses.fr/2014PERP1203.
Full textSolar Probe Plus (NASA) will be a historic mission of space exploration as it will consist in the first spacecraft to enter the solar corona. The spacecraft will face harsh environmental conditions that no other spacecraft has ever encountered in the past. One of the most critical technology developments for this mission is thus material science related: the materials constituting all the surfaces directly facing the Sun must be studied and tested in a relevant environment. The study of the candidate materials has been carried out at PROMES-CNRS: refractory metals for the instruments (W, Re, Ta, Mo, Nb, Ti, and their alloys), and refractory ceramics for the thermal protection shield (C/C composite and pyrolytic boron nitride - pBN). Samples of these materials were tested experimentally in a simulated near-Sun environment. This environment was simulated on ground thanks to the association of the 1 MW solar furnace in Odeillo, to the MEDIASE facility. This way materials were tested at very high temperature (1100-2500 K) in high vacuum (10-4 Pa), with the solar wind being reproduced via a proton bombardment (1-4 keV, up to 1018 ions m-2 s-1). The material properties that we have studied the most are the thermal radiative properties as they fully determine the temperature of a free-standing surface exposed to an intense radiative flux in vacuum. For refractory metals, it mainly consisted in studying the relationship between surface state and radiative properties, as well as the effect of the treatments. As for the textured metallic coatings and pBN, it consisted mainly in determining their efficiencies and understanding their behaviors
Chagroune, Lakhdar. "Modélisation de l'émissivité d'une surface en utilisant une approche fractale." Vandoeuvre-les-Nancy, INPL, 1995. http://www.theses.fr/1995INPL115N.
Full textRen, Huazhong. "Modelling of directional thermal radiation and angular correction on land surface temperature from space." Phd thesis, Université de Strasbourg, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00967047.
Full textPaul, Maxime. "Synergie infrarouge et micro-onde pour la restitution atmosphérique." Phd thesis, Université Pierre et Marie Curie - Paris VI, 2013. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-00918775.
Full textLawrence, Heather. "MODÉLISATION DE L'EFFET DE LA RUGOSITÉ DE SURFACE ET DE LA LITIÈRE DES COUVERTS NATURELS SUR LES OBSERVATIONS MICRO-ONDES PASSIVES - APPLICATION AU SUIVI GLOBAL DE L'HUMIDITÉ DU SOL PAR LA MISSION SMOS." Phd thesis, Université Sciences et Technologies - Bordeaux I, 2010. http://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01024075.
Full textCoulson, Mike. "Conductivité, diffusivité, émissivité thermiques de composites poly (EtherKetoneKetone) - charges carbonées : fibres continues et particules." Thesis, 2018. http://www.theses.fr/2018TOU30215/document.
Full text: The aim of this research is the improvement of the laser depositing fiber placement process, applied to Poly (EtherKetoneKetone) / continuous carbon fiber composites. The optimization of deposit parameters implies the investigation of the stability of the matrix and of the thermal behavior of composites. Thermal conductivity, diffusivity, and optical emissivity, are the key parameters for understanding the behavior of volume and surface conduction of composites. PEKK / carbon particle composites have been processed to study the effect of carbon morphology on thermal parameters. The emissivity of the PEKK / continuous fiber composites was measured by comparing the radiation emitted by the material with the one emitted by a black body at the same temperature. Thermal conductivity and diffusivity, which are intrinsic parameters of the composite, increase with the rate of charge and the temperature. These two parameters have been studied as a function of temperature, in the case of PEEK / continuous fibers composites and PEKK / carbon particles composites for various charge rates