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Academic literature on the topic 'Emissions of pollutant'

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Published: 9 March 2023
Last updated: 10 March 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Emissions of pollutant"

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Purwanto, Christine Prita. "INVENTARISASI EMISI SUMBER BERGERAK DI JALAN (ON ROAD) KOTA DENPASAR." ECOTROPHIC : Jurnal Ilmu Lingkungan (Journal of Environmental Science) 9, no. 1 (May 1, 2015): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.24843/ejes.2015.v09.i01.p01.

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The growth of population in Denpasar City followed by increasing of transportation facilities that potentially cause pollution by vehicle emissions and cause serious environmental problems and which has adverse effect to the human health. The research aimed to estimate the number and distribution of emission gases on air pollutants, such as: PM10, NOx, SO2, CO, CO2 and HC. The calculation of estimated based on road mobile sources (On Road) in Denpasar City, includes all known sources such as the highway, small roads, terminals, and parking lots. The calculation of emissions is calculated by using the approach of emission estimation method. The total load of emissions by moving source on the street in Denpasar for each pollutant gases are: value of NOx is 3765.89 tons/year , value of SO2 is 212.34 tons/year, value of HC is 20049.87 tons/year, value of PM10 is 444.16 tons/year, value of CO2 is 984,280.21 tons/ year, and value of CO is 55432.04 tons/year. Overall, the total load of pollutant emissions gases of Denpasar City is greater than the total load of pollutant emissions gases in Palembang city. Spatially, the distribution of pollutant gas emissions are not spread evenly. The pollutants emissions of NOx, CO2, and HC for each gases have the highest values are about 115 – 239 tons/year, 26.944 – 4.735 tons/year, and 471 – 954 tons/year distributed at West Denpasar District and Niti Mandala Renon area. The highest pollutans emission of SO2 is about 15,5-44 tons/year, distributed at West Denpasar District. The highest pollutans emission of PM10 is about 11,5-21 tons/year, distributed at West Denpasar District, Badung Market area, Puputan Square area, and Niti Mandala Renon area. The highest CO pollutant emission is about 1277-1912 tons/year, distributed at West Denpasar District, Badung Market area, Puputan Square area, Niti Mandala Renon area, and Udayana University area.
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Xue, Yifeng, Xizi Cao, Yi Ai, Kangli Xu, and Yichen Zhang. "Primary Air Pollutants Emissions Variation Characteristics and Future Control Strategies for Transportation Sector in Beijing, China." Sustainability 12, no. 10 (May 18, 2020): 4111. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12104111.

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Air pollutant emissions from vehicles, railways, and aircraft for freight and passenger transportation are major sources of air pollution, and strongly impact the air quality of Beijing, China. To better understand the variation characteristics of these emissions, we used the emission factor method to quantitatively determine the air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector. The emission intensity of different modes of transportation was estimated, and measures are proposed to prevent and control air pollutants emitted from the transportation sector. The results showed that air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector have been decreasing year by year as a result of the reduction in emissions from motor vehicles, benefiting from the structural adjustment of motor vehicles. A comparison of the emission intensity of primary air pollutants from different modes of transportation showed that the emission level of railway transportation was much lower than that of road transportation. However, Beijing relies heavily on road transportation, with road freight transportation accounting for 96% of freight transportation, whereas the proportion of railway transportation was low. Primary air pollutants from the transportation sector contributed significantly to the total emissions in Beijing. The proportion of NOX emissions increased from 54% in 2013 to 58% in 2018. To reduce air pollutant emissions from the transportation sector, further adjustments and optimization of the structure of transportation in Beijing are needed. As for the control of motor vehicle pollutant emissions, vehicle composition must be adjusted and the development of clean energy must be promoted, as well as the replacement of diesel vehicles with electric vehicles for passenger and freight transportation.
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Račić, Nikola, Branko Lalić, Ivan Komar, Frane Vidović, and Ladislav Stazić. "Air Pollutant Emission Measurement." Pedagogika-Pedagogy 93, no. 6s (August 31, 2021): 132–40. http://dx.doi.org/10.53656/ped21-6s.11air.

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One of the main methods for estimating air pollutant emissions from ships is the method developed by Carlo Trozzi, which was later accepted and recommended by the European Environment Agency in its air pollutant emission inventory guidebooks. Consequently, it has become the most commonly used methods for making inventories of air emissions in the shipping industry and for predicting future trends. The method and its equations use emission factors to calculate the emission of air pollutants from ships. Emission factors are calculated depending on fuel consumption or main engine power; results are given for different year of manufacture and engine speed. This paper presents the measurement of air pollutant emissions and some other parameters on marine engines operating in different conditions. The measured values are calculated to obtain values which will enable the next step, the comparison with the emission factors in the latest guide of the European Environment Agency on the inventory of pollutant emissions.
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BEBKIEWICZ, Katarzyna, Zdzisław CHŁOPEK, Jakub LASOCKI, Krystian SZCZEPAŃSKI, and Magdalena ZIMAKOWSKA-LASKOWSKA. "Characteristics of pollutant emission from motor vehicles for the purposes of the Central Emission Database in Poland." Combustion Engines 177, no. 2 (May 1, 2019): 165–71. http://dx.doi.org/10.19206/ce-2019-229.

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Within the Institute of Environmental Protection – National Research Institute the Central Emission Database is being established. The Database will cover the most important emission sectors from anthropogenic activities, including usage of motor vehicles. The intensity of emissions of individual pollutants is the input data to air pollution dispersion models. Based on calculations performed by the air pollution dispersion models concentration of pollutants dispersed in atmospheric air (pollution immission) is provided. The annual average immision for a selected place in Poland is a measure of the threat to environment. In order to determine the intensity of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles it is necessary to recognize the intensity of vehicle motion and the volume of emission of pollutants depending on the type of vehicle motion. The task presented in this article is to determine the characteristics of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles depending on the type of their motion. The mean value of vehicle speeds was used to characterize the type of vehicle motion. The emission of pollutants from vehicles is therefore characterized by the dependence of road emissions of pollutants on the average speed of vehicles. The characteristics were determined for cumulated categories of motor vehicles: passenger cars, light commercial vehicles as well as heavy duty trucks and buses. The results of the inventory of pollutant emissions from motor vehicles in Poland in 2016 were used to determine the characteristics of pollutant emissions.
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Liu, Weijiang, and Mingze Du. "Is Technological Progress Selective for Multiple Pollutant Emissions?" International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 18, no. 17 (September 2, 2021): 9286. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18179286.

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Current research on technological progress does not focus on whether there is a biased selection of technological progress based on the resulting pollutant emissions and the emission reduction effect. This paper measures green total factor productivity for 30 provinces in China from 2004–2018 and tests whether technological progress is selectively biased towards the pollutants emitted. The results find a selective bias of technological progress on pollutant emissions, and there is also heterogeneity in the selective bias across regions. The current level of technological progress is on the right side of the inverted U-shaped inflection point for SO2 and PM2.5 and the left side of the inverted U-shaped inflection point for CO2. The improvement of technological progress can reduce the emissions of SO2 and PM2.5. Still, the results indicate that the reduction effect of these two pollutants originates from the treatment process rather than reducing the source of the production side. The inability of technological advancement to reduce CO2 emissions suggests some carbon lock-in in China’s technological advancement. The Chinese government should increase the proportion of new energy applications and reduce the production methods of polluting industries to reduce pollutants effectively.
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Bao, Shuanghui, Osamu Nishiura, Shinichiro Fujimori, Ken Oshiro, and Runsen Zhang. "Identification of Key Factors to Reduce Transport-Related Air Pollutants and CO2 Emissions in Asia." Sustainability 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2020): 7621. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12187621.

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Asian countries are major contributors to global air pollution and greenhouse gas emissions, with transportation demand and emissions expected to increase. However, few studies have been performed to evaluate policies that could reduce transport-related emissions in the region. This study explores transport-related CO2 and air pollutant emissions in major Asian nations along with the impacts of transport, climate, and emission control policies using the Asia-Pacific Integrated Model (AIM)/Transport model. Our results show that by 2050, CO2 emissions in developing countries will be 1.4–4.7-fold greater than the levels in 2005, while most air pollutant emissions will show large reductions (mean annual reduction rates of 0.2% to 6.1%). Notably, implementation of transport, emission control, and carbon pricing policies would reduce CO2 emissions by up to 33% and other air pollutants by 43% to 72%, depending on the emission species. An emission control policy represents the strongest approach for short-term and mid-term reduction of air pollutants. A carbon pricing policy would lead to a direct reduction in CO2 emissions; more importantly, air pollutant emissions would also be effectively reduced. Shifting to public transportation in developing countries can also greatly influence emissions reductions. An increase in traffic speed shows relatively small effects, but can be meaningful in Japan.
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Wang, Bing, Yifan Wang, and Yuqing Zhao. "Collaborative Governance Mechanism of Climate Change and Air Pollution: Evidence from China." Sustainability 13, no. 12 (June 15, 2021): 6785. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su13126785.

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Since entering the industrialized era, China’s greenhouse gas emissions and air pollutant emissions have increased rapidly. China is the country with the most greenhouse gas emissions, and it is also facing serious local air pollution problems. China’s industrial sector is the largest contributor to CO2 and air pollutants. The resulting climate change and air pollution issues have caused China to face double pressures. This article uses the CO2 and comprehensive air pollutant emission data of China’s industrial sector as a starting point and uses econometric research methods to explore the synergy between China’s industrial carbon emission reduction and industrial comprehensive air pollutant emission reduction. The synergistic effect between industrial carbon emissions and industrial comprehensive air pollutant emissions has been quantified, and the transmission path of the synergistic effect has been explored. The empirical results show that there are benefits of synergistic governance between climate change and air pollution in China’s industrial sector. Every 1000 tons of carbon reduction in the industrial sector will result in 1 ton of comprehensive air pollutant reduction. The increase in R&D expenditure in the energy and power sector can significantly promote the reduction of air pollutants in the industrial sector. Increasing the intensity of environmental regulations is the main expansion path for synergy. However, in eastern, central, and western China, the synergy is not the same. Therefore, it is necessary to formulate regionally differentiated emission reduction policies. The research conclusions of this article can provide policy references for the coordinated governance of climate change and air pollution in China.
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Cheng, Qianwen, Manchun Li, Feixue Li, and Haoqing Tang. "Response of Global Air Pollutant Emissions to Climate Change and Its Potential Effects on Human Life Expectancy Loss." Sustainability 11, no. 13 (July 4, 2019): 3670. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11133670.

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Geographical environment and climate change are basic factors for spatial fluctuations in the global distribution of air pollutants. Against the background of global climate change, further investigation is needed on how meteorological characteristics and complex geographical environment variations can drive spatial air pollution variations. This study analyzed the response of air pollutant emissions to climate change and the potential effects of air pollutant emissions on human health by integrating the air pollutant emission simulation model (GAINS) with 3 versions and CMIP5. The mechanism by which meteorological characteristics and geographical matrices can drive air pollution based on monitoring data at the site-scale was also examined. We found the total global emission of major air pollutants increased 1.32 times during 1970–2010. Air pollutant emissions will increase 2.89% and 4.11% in China and developed countries when the scenario of only maximum technically feasible reductions is performed (V4a) during 2020–2050. However, it will decrease 19.33% and 6.78% respectively by taking the V5a climate scenario into consideration, and precipitation variation will contribute more to such change, especially in China. Locally, the air circulation mode that is dominated by local geographical matrices and meteorological characteristics jointly affect the dilution and diffusion of air pollutants. Therefore, natural conditions, such as climate changes, meteorological characteristics and topography, play an important role in spatial air pollutant emissions and fluctuations, and must be given more attention in the processes of air pollution control policy making.
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Chen, Yuyi, Yunong Li, and Jie Yan. "Tracing Air Pollutant Emissions in China: Structural Decomposition and GVC Accounting." Sustainability 11, no. 9 (May 2, 2019): 2551. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su11092551.

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The depth and breadth of China’s participation in global value chains have an important impact on the emissions of air pollutants from the production side, consumption side, and trade implications in China’s industries. Based on the global value chain accounting framework, this paper examines the path of China’s major air pollutant emissions in production and consumption during 1995–2009 and structurally decomposes the factors affecting air pollutant emissions. The results show that, firstly, both the air pollutant emissions on the production side and the air pollution emissions on the consumption side have increased significantly, and the production-side emissions have been higher than the consumption-side emissions. Secondly, the export of intermediate products shows a trend of “high pollution”, and this trend was more obvious after China’s accession to the world trade organization (WTO). Thirdly, the expansion of economic growth was the most important factor in the rapid emission of air pollutants in China and the reduction of pollution efficiency in Chinese industries depends on the increase in service inputs.
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Wu, Jian, Shaofei Kong, Fangqi Wu, Yi Cheng, Shurui Zheng, Qin Yan, Huang Zheng, et al. "Estimating the open biomass burning emissions in central and eastern China from 2003 to 2015 based on satellite observation." Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics 18, no. 16 (August 16, 2018): 11623–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/acp-18-11623-2018.

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Abstract. Open biomass burning (OBB) has significant impacts on air pollution, climate change and potential human health. OBB has gathered wide attention but with little focus on the annual variation of pollutant emission. Central and eastern China (CEC) is one of the most polluted regions in China. This study aims to provide a state-of-the-art estimation of the pollutant emissions from OBB in CEC from 2003 to 2015, by adopting the satellite observation dataset – the burned area product (MCD64Al) and the active fire product (MCD14 ML) – along with local biomass data (updated biomass loading data and high-resolution vegetation data) and local emission factors. The successful adoption of the double satellite dataset for long-term estimation of pollutants from OBB with a high spatial resolution can support the assessing of OBB on regional air quality, especially for harvest periods or dry seasons. It is also useful to evaluate the effects of annual OBB management policies in different regions. Here, monthly emissions of pollutants were estimated and allocated into a 1×1 km spatial grid for four types of OBB including grassland, shrubland, forest and cropland. From 2003 to 2015, the emissions from forest, shrubland and grassland fire burning had an annual fluctuation, whereas the emissions from crop straw burning steadily increased. The cumulative emissions of organic carbon (OC), elemental carbon (EC), methane (CH4), nitric oxide (NOx), non-methane volatile organic compounds (NMVOCs), sulfur dioxide (SO2), ammonia (NH3), carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide (CO2) and fine particles (PM2.5) were 3.64×103, 2.87×102, 3.05×103, 1.82×103, 6.4×103, 2.12×102, 4.67×102, 4.59×104, 9.39×105 and 4.13×103 Gg in these years, respectively. Crop straw burning was the largest contributor for all pollutant emissions, by 84 %–96 %. For the forest, shrubland and grassland fire burning, forest fire burning emissions contributed the most, and emissions from grassland fire were negligible due to little grass coverage in this region. High pollutant emissions concentrated in the connection area of Shandong, Henan, Jiangsu and Anhui, with emission intensity higher than 100 tons per square kilometer, which was related to the frequent agricultural activities in these regions. Peak emission of pollutants occurred during summer and autumn harvest periods including May, June, September and October, during which ∼50 % of the total pollutant emissions were emitted in these months. This study highlights the importance of controlling the crop straw burning emissions. From December to March, the crop residue burning emissions decreased, while the emissions from forest, shrubland and grassland exhibited their highest values, leading to another small peak in emissions of pollutants. Obvious regional differences in seasonal variations of OBB were observed due to different local biomass types and environmental conditions. Rural population, agricultural output, economic levels, local burning habits, social customs and management policies were all influencing factors for OBB emissions.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Emissions of pollutant"

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Gonçalves, Cátia Vanessa Maio. "Contribution of biomass combustion to air pollutant emissions." Doctoral thesis, Universidade de Aveiro, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10773/8104.

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Doutoramento em Ciências e Engenharia do Ambiente
In Portugal, it was estimated that around 1.95 Mton/year of wood is used in residential wood burning for heating and cooking. Additionally, in the last decades, burnt forest area has also been increasing. These combustions result in high levels of toxic air pollutants and a large perturbation of atmospheric chemistry, interfere with climate and have adverse effects on health. Accurate quantification of the amounts of trace gases and particulate matter emitted from residential wood burning, agriculture and garden waste burning and forest fires on a regional and global basis is essential for various purposes, including: the investigation of several atmospheric processes, the reporting of greenhouse gas emissions, and quantification of the air pollution sources that affect human health at regional scales. In Southern Europe, data on detailed emission factors from biomass burning are rather inexistent. Emission inventories and source apportionment, photochemical and climate change models use default values obtained for US and Northern Europe biofuels. Thus, it is desirable to use more specific locally available data. The objective of this study is to characterise and quantify the contribution of biomass combustion sources to atmospheric trace gases and aerosol concentrations more representative of the national reality. Laboratory (residential wood combustion) and field (agriculture/garden waste burning and experimental wildland fires) sampling experiments were carried out. In the laboratory, after the selection of the most representative wood species and combustion equipment in Portugal, a sampling program to determine gaseous and particulate matter emission rates was set up, including organic and inorganic aerosol composition. In the field, the smoke plumes from agriculture/garden waste and experimental wildland fires were sampled. The results of this study show that the combustion equipment and biofuel type used have an important role in the emission levels and composition. Significant differences between the use of traditional combustion equipment versus modern equipments were also observed. These differences are due to higher combustion efficiency of modern equipment, reflecting the smallest amount of particulate matter, organic carbon and carbon monoxide released. With regard to experimental wildland fires in shrub dominated areas, it was observed that the largest organic fraction in the samples studied was mainly composed by vegetation pyrolysis products. The major organic components in the smoke samples were pyrolysates of vegetation cuticles, mainly comprising steradienes and sterol derivatives, carbohydrates from the breakdown of cellulose, aliphatic lipids from vegetation waxes and methoxyphenols from the lignin thermal degradation. Despite being a banned practice in our country, agriculture/garden waste burning is actually quite common. To assess the particulate matter composition, the smoke from three different agriculture/garden residues have been sampled into 3 different size fractions (PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM>10). Despite distribution patterns of organic compounds in particulate matter varied among residues, the amounts of phenolics (polyphenol and guaiacyl derivatives) and organic acids were always predominant over other organic compounds in the organosoluble fraction of smoke. Among biomarkers, levoglucosan, β-sitosterol and phytol were detected in appreciable amounts in the smoke of all agriculture/garden residues. In addition, inositol may be considered as an eventual tracer for the smoke from potato haulm burning. It was shown that the prevailing ambient conditions (such as high humidity in the atmosphere) likely contributed to atmospheric processes (e.g. coagulation and hygroscopic growth), which influenced the particle size characteristics of the smoke tracers, shifting their distribution to larger diameters. An assessment of household biomass consumption was also made through a national scale survey. The information obtained with the survey combined with the databases on emission factors from the laboratory and field tests allowed us to estimate the pollutant amounts emitted in each Portuguese district. In addition to a likely contribution to the improvement of emission inventories, emission factors obtained for tracer compounds in this study can be applied in receptor models to assess the contribution of biomass burning to the levels of atmospheric aerosols and their constituents obtained in monitoring campaigns in Mediterranean Europe.
Em Portugal, estima-se que 1.95 Mton/ano de lenha sejam utilizadas na queima doméstica para aquecimento e confecção de alimentos. Em simultâneo, nas últimas décadas, a área de floresta ardida também tem vindo a aumentar. Estes tipos de combustão contribuem para a libertação de quantidades elevadas de poluentes tóxicos que perturbam a química da atmosfera, interferem com o clima e possuem efeitos nefastos na saúde. A quantificação rigorosa, à escala regional e global, das emissões de gases e matéria particulada associada à queima doméstica, queima de resíduos agrícolas e fogos florestais é fundamental para vários fins, nomeadamente na investigação dos diversos processos atmosféricos, na elaboração de relatórios de emissões de gases de estufa, e na quantificação de fontes de poluição atmosférica que afectam a saúde humana. No sul da Europa, as bases de dados com factores de emissão detalhados são praticamente inexistentes. Os modelos climáticos, a modelização fotoquímica, os inventários de emissões e os estudos de identificação de fontes emissoras utilizam valores típicos obtidos para biomassa norte-americana ou do norte da Europa. Assim, é conveniente utilizar valores mais específicos obtidos localmente. Este estudo teve como principal objectivo a caracterização e quantificação dos gases e aerossóis emitidos por fontes de queima de biomassa, englobando as espécies lenhosas mais representativas da realidade nacional. Foram realizadas experiências de amostragem em laboratório (queima doméstica) e no campo (queima de resíduos agrícolas/jardim e fogos florestais controlados). Em laboratório, após selecção das espécies de biomassa e dos equipamentos de queima mais representativos em Portugal, estabeleceu-se um programa de amostragem para determinar os factores de emissão de poluentes gasosos e particulados, incluindo a composição orgânica e inorgânica dos aerossóis. Ao nível do campo, efectuou-se a amostragem das plumas de fumo resultantes da queima de resíduos agrícolas/jardim e de fogos controlados numa área dominada por espécies arbustivas. Os resultados deste estudo mostram que o tipo de equipamento de combustão e o tipo de biomassa utilizados têm um papel importante nos níveis e composição dos poluentes emitidos. Diferenças significativas entre o uso de equipamentos de combustão tradicionais versus equipamentos modernos foram observadas. Estas diferenças devem-se à maior eficiência de combustão dos equipamentos modernos, reflectindo-se na menor quantidade de matéria particulada, carbono orgânico e monóxido de carbono libertados. No que diz respeito ao fogo controlado em áreas dominadas por espécies arbustivas observou-se que a fracção orgânica estudada nas amostras de fumo é composta essencialmente por produtos resultantes da pirólise da vegetação. Estes produtos são constituídos na sua maioria por esteredienos e derivados de esteróis, hidratos de carbono resultantes da quebra das moléculas de celulose, produtos alifáticos provenientes de ceras vegetais e metoxifenóis resultantes da degradação térmica da lenhina. A queima de resíduos agrícolas e de jardim, apesar de ser uma prática proibida no nosso país, é uma realidade bastante frequente. Para avaliar a composição das emissões de alguns tipos de resíduos foram recolhidas amostras de três tamanhos diferentes (PM2.5, PM2.5-10 and PM>10). Apesar de se poder observar uma grande variabilidade em termos de compostos orgânicos dependendo do tipo de resíduo queimado, os compostos fenólicos (derivados do polifenol e guaiacil) e os ácidos orgânicos foram sempre predominantes em relação à restante fracção orgânica. O levoglucosano, o β-sitosterol e o fitol foram os traçadores de queima de biomassa detectados em quantidades mais apreciáveis na generalidade dos resíduos agrícolas e de jardim. O inositol pode ser considerado um bom traçador para as emissões resultantes da queima de rama de batata. Observou-se que as condições ambientais (tais como valores elevados de humidade relativa na atmosfera) provavelmente contribuíram para processos de coagulação e de crescimento higroscópico que influenciaram as características dos traçadores de biomassa, mudando sua distribuição para diâmetros maiores. Foi também feita a avaliação do consumo doméstico de biomassa na forma de um inquérito aplicado à escala nacional. Os resultados obtidos, conjugados com as bases de dados sobre factores de emissão obtidas nos ensaios de queima laboratoriais, permitiram estimar as quantidades emitidas de vários poluentes em cada distrito de Portugal continental. Além de contribuir significativamente para o aperfeiçoamento dos inventários de emissões, os factores de emissão obtidos para vários compostos traçadores poderão ser aplicados em modelos no receptor de forma a avaliar a contribuição da queima de biomassa para os níveis de aerossóis atmosféricas e seus constituintes obtidos em campanhas de monitorização na Europa mediterrânea.
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Rayfield, David. "Estimation of road traffic pollutant emissions in Greater Manchester." Thesis, Manchester Metropolitan University, 1998. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.364058.

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Kassinis, Georgios Ioannis. "Towards an improved procedure for estimating industrial-pollutant emissions." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/67413.

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Franco, García Vicente. "Evaluation and improvement of road vehicle pollutant emission factors based on instantaneous emissions data processing." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Jaume I, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/146187.

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Introduction
Current instrumentation makes it possible to measure vehicle emissions with high temporal resolution. But the increased resolution of emissions signals does not equate with increased accuracy. A prerequisite for the derivation of accurate emission factors from instantaneous vehicle emissions data is a fine allocation of measured mass emissions to recorded engine or vehicle states. This poses a technical challenge, because vehicle emission test facilities are not designed to support instantaneous emissions modelling, and they introduce distorting effects that compromise the instantaneous accuracy of the measured signals.

Methodology
These distorting effects can be compensated through a combination of physical modelling and data post-processing. The main original contribution of this dissertation is a novel methodology for the compensation of instantaneous emission signals, which is fully described herein. Whereas previous methodologies relied on systems theory modelling, and on comprehensive testing to model the sub-systems of the measurement setup, the alternative approach uses CO2 as a tracer of the distortions brought about by the measurement setup, which is modelled as a 'lump' system.

Conclusions
The main benefits of this methodology are its low burden of experimental work and its flexibility. Furthermore, it has been fully implemented in the 'esto' software tool, which can perform the compensation of emission signals with minimal user intervention and speed up the creation of engine emission maps.

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Ogunlaja, Olumuyiwa Omotola. "Measurement of Air Pollutant Emissions from a Confined Poultry Facility." DigitalCommons@USU, 2009. https://digitalcommons.usu.edu/etd/392.

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Air emissions from animal feeding operations have become a growing concern. Much work has been done to study occupational exposures and the exhaust concentrations associated with animal facilities; however little information has been provided about air quality around the houses. Ammonia (NH3 ), ethanol (EtOH), nitrous oxide (N2O), carbon dioxide (CO2), and particulate matter (PM 2.5 and PM10) emissions were monitored in two different buildings for laying hens in northern Utah. Over the six-month sampling period, the observed average temperatures for the west and east fan banks of the high-rise building were 21.2±4 and 19.4±1.3°C, respectively, and the average inside relative humidities during the same period were 43.7±7.2 and 48.4±7.9%, respectively. Furthermore, the observed average temperatures for the west and east fan banks of the manure-belt building were 20.6±4.4 and 17.9±2.7°C, respectively, and the average percent inside relative humidities during the same period were 44.4 ±7.6 and 49.3±7.4%, respectively. The ventilation rates ranged from 0.80 m3 h-1 bird-1 to 4.80 m3 h-1 bird -1 with an average of 2.02 m3 h -1 bird -1 for the high-rise barn and from 0.80 m3 h-1 bird -1 to 6.0 m3 h-1 bird-1 with an average of 2.20 m3 h-1 bird-1 for the manure-belt building over the sampling period of September, October, November, and December 2008 and January 2009. Average NH3 emission factors were 72±17 g d-1 AU-1 for the high-rise system and 9.1±7 g d-1 AU-1 for the manure-belt (1 AU is equal to 500 kg of animal live weight). The NH3 emission reduction factor for the manure-belt technique compared to the high-rise technique was 87%. Ammonia levels outside the house appeared to be less than 1 ppm. No significant emissions were registered for N2O, H2S, and EtOH, which were consistently close to zero for both techniques. The carbon dioxide (CO2) emission factor from the high-rise building was 104±11 g day-1 AU-1 and from the manure-belt building, 105±20 g day-1 AU-1. PM emissions were greater from the manure-belt system in comparison with the high-rise system, showing mean values of 165 vs. 114 g day-1 AU-1 for PM 2.5, 1,987 vs. 1,863 g day-1 AU-1for PM10 and 4,460 vs. 3,462 g day-1 AU-1 for TSP respectively. None of the 24-h PM 2.5 measurements collected from both management techniques exceeded the U.S. EPA 24-hr National Ambient Air Quality Standard (NAAQS) of 35 μg/m 3.
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Upton, Nigel Keith. "Algorithmic solution of air-pollutant cloud models." Thesis, Cranfield University, 1991. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.304572.

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Graville, Stephen Rhys. "Pollutant formation during the combustion of heavy liquid fuels." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.262602.

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Sakhrieh, Ahmad Hasan. "Reduction of pollutant emissions from high pressure flames using an electric field." Erlangen ESYTEC, Energie- und Systemtechnik GmbH, 2006. http://deposit.d-nb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?id=2959665&prov=M&dok_var=1&dok_ext=htm.

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Taylor, David. "Assessment of policies to reduce pollutant emissions from European Community freight transport." Thesis, Imperial College London, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.246084.

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Mashio, Tomoka 1973. "A study of ground-level air pollutant emissions from airport mobile sources." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2000. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/80650.

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Books on the topic "Emissions of pollutant"

1

Stockton, Margie B. Criteria pollutant emission factors for the 1985 NAPAP emissions inventory. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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Stockton, Margie B. Criteria pollutant emission factors for the 1985 NAPAP emissions inventory. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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E, Stelling John H., and Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory., eds. Criteria pollutant emission factors for the 1985 NAPAP emissions inventory: Project summary. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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E, Stelling John H., and Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, eds. Criteria pollutant emission factors for the 1985 NAPAP emissions inventory: Project summary. Research Triangle Park, NC: U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, Air and Energy Engineering Research Laboratory, 1987.

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United Nations. Economic and Social Commission for Asia and the Pacific. Task Force on Monitoring Air Pollutant Emissions, ed. Recommendations on methodologies of monitoring air pollutant emissions. New York: United Nations, 2002.

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Meij, R. Air pollutant emissions from coal-fired power stations. Arnhem: N. V. Kema, 1986.

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Environment, Alberta Alberta, ed. Alberta Environment summary report on 2004 NPRI air emissions. Edmonton: Alberta Environment, 2006.

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Kemme, Michael R. Reducing air pollutant emissions from solvent multi-base propellant production. [Champaign, IL]: US Army Corps of Engineers, Construction Engineering Research Laboratory, 1999.

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Sung, Loh Poh. Computer simulation of pollutant and noise emissions from spark ignition engines. Manchester: UMIST, 1997.

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G, Adams Rachel, Shareef Gunseli Sagun, and National Risk Management Research Laboratory (U.S.), eds. Criteria pollutant emissions from internal combustion engines in the natural gas industry. Washington, DC: The Agency, 1996.

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Book chapters on the topic "Emissions of pollutant"

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Połednik, Bernard, Sławomira Dumała, Łukasz Guz, and Adam Piotrowicz. "Pollutant characteristics and emissions." In Traffic-Related Air Pollution and Exposure in Urbanized Areas, 1–16. London: Routledge, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1201/9781003206149-1.

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Rao, G. Amba Prasad, and T. Karthikeya Sharma. "Formation Mechanism of Pollutant Emissions." In Engine Emission Control Technologies, 85–127. Includes bibliographical references and index.: Apple Academic Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9780429322228-2.

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McCormick, Warren. "Inventories of Air Pollutant Emissions." In Air Quality Management, 279–86. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-7557-2_13.

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Sturm, P. J. "Air Pollutant Emissions in Cities." In Air Quality in Cities, 31–50. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-05217-4_4.

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Bruno, Giuseppe, and Gennaro Improta. "Traffic Control under Pollutant Emissions Constraints." In Urban Traffic Networks, 187–209. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-79641-8_7.

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Thibodeaux, Louis J. "Theoretical Chemodynamic Models for Predicting Volatile Emissions to Air from Dredged Material Disposal." In Intermedia Pollutant Transport, 121–51. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1989. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0511-8_9.

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Lezama, José Luis, Rodrigo Favela, Luis Miguel Galindo, María Eugenia Ibarrarán, Sergio Sánchez, Luisa T. Molina, Mario J. Molina, Stephen R. Connors, and Adrián Fernández Bremauntz. "Forces Driving Pollutant Emissions in the MCMA." In Air Quality in the Mexico Megacity, 61–104. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-010-0454-1_3.

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Chu, P., and D. B. Porcella. "Mercury Stack Emissions from U.S. Electric Utility Power Plants." In Mercury as a Global Pollutant, 135–44. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0153-0_16.

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Constantinou, E., X. A. Wu, and C. Seigneur. "Development and Application of a Reactive Plume Model for Mercury Emissions." In Mercury as a Global Pollutant, 325–35. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-011-0153-0_36.

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Gomes, J. F. P. "Monitoring of Pollutant Emissions Using Stack Sampling Techniques." In Industrial Air Pollution, 51–58. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1992. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-76051-8_7.

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Conference papers on the topic "Emissions of pollutant"

1

"Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) Project Summary." In Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) Project. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.39314.

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"MODELING AND ESTIMATION OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS." In 5th International Conference on Informatics in Control, Automation and Robotics. SciTePress - Science and and Technology Publications, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.5220/0001496102600263.

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Cerdeira, R., C. Louro, L. Coelho, J. Garcia, C. Gouveia, P. J. Coelho, and T. Bertrand. "Traffic pollutant emissions in Barreiro city." In AIR POLLUTION 2007. Southampton, UK: WIT Press, 2007. http://dx.doi.org/10.2495/air070311.

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"Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) Project: Illinois Data." In Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) Project. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.39310.

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"Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) Project: Indiana Data." In Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) Project. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.39311.

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"Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) Project: Iowa Data." In Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) Project. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.39312.

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"Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) Project: Minnesota Data." In Air Pollutant Emissions from Confined Animal Buildings (APECAB) Project. St. Joseph, MI: American Society of Agricultural and Biological Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.13031/2013.39313.

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Van Ruymbeke, Claire, Robert Joumard, Robert Vidon, and Christophe Pruvost. "Representativity of Exhaust Pollutant Concentrations for Measuring Pollutant Emissions from Passenger Cars." In International Congress & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/950931.

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Koff, B. L. "Aircraft Gas Turbine Emissions Challenge." In ASME 1993 International Gas Turbine and Aeroengine Congress and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/93-gt-422.

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Abstract:
The new generation of jet powered aircraft faces a significant challenge to reduce pollutant emissions while increasing fuel efficiency. Carbon monoxide (CO) and unburned hydrocarbon (HC) emissions are already very low and continued control of these pollutants is expected as engine temperatures and pressure ratios are increased. In contrast, significant system design improvements are needed to reduce oxides of nitrogen (NOx) emissions because of their harmful effect on the earth’s ozone layer. This paper discusses the prospects and technical approaches for significant NOx reductions in current and future subsonic and supersonic aircraft.
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André, Michel, and Cristina Pronello. "Speed and Acceleration Impact on Pollutant Emissions." In International Fuels & Lubricants Meeting & Exposition. 400 Commonwealth Drive, Warrendale, PA, United States: SAE International, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.4271/961113.

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Reports on the topic "Emissions of pollutant"

1

Maddalena, R. L., H. Destaillats, A. T. Hodgson, T. E. McKone, and C. Perino. Quantifying Pollutant Emissions from Office Equipment Phase IReport. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/918677.

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Seltzer, Michael D., Curtis Anderson, and Mark P. Nitzsche. A Continuous Emissions Monitor for Hazardous Air Pollutant Metals. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada607419.

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Sharpless, Katherine S., and Stephen A. Wise. Measurements of indoor pollutant emissions from EPA Phase II wood stoves. Gaithersburg, MD: National Institute of Standards and Technology, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.6028/nist.ir.5575.

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Michael L. Fenger and Richard A. Winschel. Multi-Pollutant Emissions Control: Pilot Plant Study of Technologies for Reducing Hg, SO3, NOx and CO2 Emissions. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), August 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/896681.

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Dr. Ala Qubbaj. CONTROL OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN NATURAL GAS DIFFUSION FLAMES BY USING CASCADE BURNERS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), December 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/810444.

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Jeffries, H., K. Sexton, and J. Yu. Atmospheric Photochemistry Studies of Pollutant Emissions from Transportation Vehicles Operating on Alternative Fuels. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), July 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/924985.

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Ala Qubbaj. CONTROL OF POLLUTANT EMISSIONS IN NATURAL GAS DIFFUSION FLAMES BY USING CASCADE BURNERS. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/833196.

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Hasanbeigi, Ali, Nina Khanna, and Lynn Price. Air Pollutant Emissions Projections for the Cement and Steel Industry in China and the Impact of Emissions Control Technologies. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), March 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1372903.

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Ma, Ding, Ali Hasanbeigi, and Wenying Chen. Energy-Efficiency and Air-Pollutant Emissions-Reduction Opportunities for the Ammonia Industry in China. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), June 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1236781.

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Kirchstetter, Thomas, Chelsea Preble, Odelle Hadley, and Ashok Gadgil. Quantification of Black Carbon and Other Pollutant Emissions from a Traditional and an Improved Cookstove. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), November 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1168602.

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