Journal articles on the topic 'Emerging multi-level approach'
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Shukla, Samiksha, D. K. Mishra, and Kapil Tiwari. "Performance Enhancement of Soap Via Multi Level Caching." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2010): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.17.6.
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Due to complex infrastructure of web application response time for different service request by client requires significantly larger time. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a recent and emerging technology in the field of web services, which aims at replacing traditional methods of remote communications. Basic aim of designing SOAP was to increase interoperability among broad range of programs and environment, SOAP allows applications from different languages, installed on different platforms to communicate with each other over the network. Web services demand security, high performance and extensibility. SOAP provides various benefits for interoperability but we need to pay price of performance degradation and security for that. This formulates SOAP a poor preference for high performance web services. In this paper we present a new approach by enabling multi-level caching at client side as well as server side. Reference describes implementation based on the Apache Java SOAP client, which gives radically enhanced performance.
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Peel, Jacqueline, Lee Godden, and Rodney J. Keenan. "Climate Change Law in an Era of Multi-Level Governance." Transnational Environmental Law 1, no. 2 (May 16, 2012): 245–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102512000052.
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AbstractAs international negotiations struggle to deliver timely, binding commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to safe levels, the environmental legal community has begun to contemplate the scope for climate governance ‘beyond’ the international climate change regime. Many see merit in a more decentralized, disaggregated approach, operating across multiple governance levels. This article examines the development of climate change law in an era of multi-level governance. It analyzes several case studies of current manifestations of multi-level governance in climate change law, including the fragmented global emissions trading system, developing arrangements governing forests and land-based sinks, the growth of climate litigation establishing transnational liability principles, efforts to ensure adaptation to unavoidable climate change, and the emergence in federal systems of a decentralized approach to climate change regulation. The article concludes by considering whether the emerging multi-level system of climate governance is adequate to meet broader international goals of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
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Liu, Clark, Ben Zhe Wang, Huanhuan Wang, and Ji Zhang. "What drives fluctuations in exchange rate growth in emerging markets – A multi-level dynamic factor approach." Economic Systems 43, no. 2 (June 2019): 100696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2019.100696.
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Lanz, Margherita, Angela Sorgente, and Sharon M. Danes. "Implicit Family Financial Socialization and Emerging Adults’ Financial Well-Being: A Multi-Informant Approach." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 6 (October 3, 2019): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696819876752.
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This study’s purpose is to investigate how implicit family financial socialization (family communication quality and family economic enmeshment) influences emerging adults’ objective and subjective financial well-being mediated by the degree to which the emerging adult child adopts their parents as financial role model. Using a multi-informant approach, structural equation model family-level analyses were conducted based on responses from mothers, fathers, and emerging adults in 160 Italian families. Results indicate that family communication quality has an indirect, positive effect on subjective financial well-being through adoption of parents as a financial role model. Family economic enmeshment has a direct, negative effect on the emerging adult’s personal income not received from their parents. A direct, positive relationship was found between adoption of parents as financial role models and economic dependence on parents.
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Morris, Jonathan. "Water sustainability in the brewing industry: a stakeholder based approach." Die Unternehmung 74, no. 3 (2020): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0042-059x-2020-3-245.
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This research explores the experiences of companies operating in the brewing industry, a water intensive industry, and in particular the responses to stakeholder pressures which drive actions towards social and environmental responsibility. This paper examines the stakeholder pressures facing brewing companies at a multi-national level, which are compared and contrasted to those felt at a regional and local level across the United Kingdom. The findings reveal that typical pro-environmentally responsible behaviour relating to water is focused around water consumption and the cleaning and sterilisation of equipment but there are increasing regulatory pressures as well as emerging economic and environmental opportunities which are driving a more holistic approach to stakeholder engagement. The findings from a study of 10 brewing firms in the UK and 5 multi-national firms demonstrates the stakeholder pressures and organisational incentives which shape sustainability activity and the development of resource capacities at an industrial level, as well as the drivers for firm-level response to water threats.
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Dalmoro, Marlon, Diego Costa Pinto, Márcia Maurer Herter, and Walter Nique. "Traditionscapes in emerging markets." International Journal of Emerging Markets 15, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 1105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-04-2019-0270.
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PurposeThis research aims to develop and test the traditionscapes framework in which consumers appropriate local traditions as a resource to foster cultural identity in emerging markets.Design/methodology/approachA multi-level research approach with qualitative (n = 38) and quantitative data (n = 600) was employed in the context of gaucho traditions in the southern part of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul state).FindingsThe findings indicate that traditionscapes operate in a fluid process that engenders local culture attachment into tradition value through the consumer identification process. Traditionscapes build a sense of local cultural attachment that functions as a source of social, cultural, and local identification. Findings also support our three-stage traditionscapes framework, emphasizing the identification process that depends on consumers' global culture resistance.Originality/valueThis research provides a novel viewpoint to the well-established relationship between tradition and globalization in consumption studies. We contribute to this debate by shifting the discussion to the fluid process of traditionscapes in which tradition value is engendered through consumer appropriation and identification with local traditions, even in a globalized context. Although recent research suggests that global culture can disrupt local traditions, traditionscapes operate as an extended perspective that coexists with other global cultural flows.
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Bhatia, Max, Vikrant Sharma, Parminder Singh, and Mehedi Masud. "Multi-Level P2P Traffic Classification Using Heuristic and Statistical-Based Techniques: A Hybrid Approach." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (December 20, 2020): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12122117.
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Peer-to-peer (P2P) applications have been popular among users for more than a decade. They consume a lot of network bandwidth, due to the fact that network administrators face several issues such as congestion, security, managing resources, etc. Hence, its accurate classification will allow them to maintain a Quality of Service for various applications. Conventional classification techniques, i.e., port-based and payload-based techniques alone, have proved ineffective in accurately classifying P2P traffic as they possess significant limitations. As new P2P applications keep emerging and existing applications change their communication patterns, a single classification approach may not be sufficient to classify P2P traffic with high accuracy. Therefore, a multi-level P2P traffic classification technique is proposed in this paper, which utilizes the benefits of both heuristic and statistical-based techniques. By analyzing the behavior of various P2P applications, some heuristic rules have been proposed to classify P2P traffic. The traffic which remains unclassified as P2P undergoes further analysis, where statistical-features of traffic are used with the C4.5 decision tree for P2P classification. The proposed technique classifies P2P traffic with high accuracy (i.e., 98.30%), works with both TCP and UDP traffic, and is not affected even if the traffic is encrypted.
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Berga, Irisa. "DEVELOPING COLLOCATIONAL AND PHONOLOGICAL COMPETENCES OF EMERGING TEACHERS OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE THROUGH COGNITIVE APPROACH TO PROCESSING MULTI-WORD UNITS." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (July 24, 2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2014vol1.741.
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<p>This paper addresses unresolved issues in the acquisition, processing and use of multi-word units which account for the learner’s idiomatic, natural language. The aim of the study is to argue for an analytic instructional approach to developing the trainee teacher’s collocational and phonological competences through the medium of the native language employing a set of didactic and linguistic techniques like etymological, phonological, structural, lexical and semantic dissection of multi-word units. Research results imply that analytic processing of multi-word units relate moderately to the enhancement of the learner’s collocational and phonological competences though relations between formal instruction and the language proficiency level may be partly obscured by the probable exposure of the learner to multi-word units in informal settings.<strong></strong></p>
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Pan, Xiaohui, Yi Liu, Fan Meng, Shuai Xiang, Hang Zhou, and Guang Chen. "A multi-level representation learning method for the classification with emerging new classes on power event monitoring data." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2232, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2232/1/012008.
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Abstract For the classification problem of power event monitoring data, manual rules are mainly used to recognize the known classes of events, and new classes of events cannot be extracted by using existing manual rules. But new classes may emerge with the upgrading of power equipment and traditional representation of this time series data is not proper for the task. To solve this issue, we introduce an effective approach that includes three parts: i) embed the raw object of power event in semantic space ii) learn the representation of power event with multi-level. iii) detect new classes, classify old classes, and update models to classify both new classes and old classes. Experiments on real power event monitoring dataset demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
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Suslov, Victor I., Vitalii S. Kostin, Evgeny Yu Ivanov, Naimjon M. Ibragimov, Tatyana S. Novikova, and Alexandr A. Tsyplakov. "Current issues in the development of multi-agent decision support systems at the sub-federal level." World of Economics and Management 20, no. 3 (2020): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2020-20-3-5-26.
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The article reveals the problems which may arise in the development of multi-agent information systems for modeling regional economy (MASMRE) based on geographic information and agent-based approaches to modeling economic space as well as to studying and forecasting the specifics of emerging spatial systems and the ways these systems may occur. MASMRE proposes an organizational system and open source tools to implement modern digital technologies and also an agent-based approach to modeling the regional economy, which helps to sustain innovative momentum for scientific and scientific-technical interaction, conduct joint research in remote access by providing accessible services, modules and algorithms, and allows the local governments, businesses and non-profit organizations to plan and monitor various projects implemented in a particular territory.
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Yang, Monica. "Ownership participation of cross-border mergers and acquisitions by emerging market firms." Management Decision 53, no. 1 (February 9, 2015): 221–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-05-2014-0260.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to adopt a multi-level approach to investigate what factors shape the content of emerging market firms’ foreign market entry decisions, particularly the ownership participation in cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). In addition, the author would like to know if companies from emerging markets that possess higher (or lower) ownership in cross-border M&As receive higher valuation in the market. Design/methodology/approach – Using panel data of cross-border M&As by emerging market firms from 2000 to 2012, the author tests the hypothesized effects of the independent variables on the level of ownership participation; and uses a standard event study methodology to assess the market reaction of a particular cross-border M&A deal. Findings – The author finds that a country-level factor (institutional distance), an industry-level factor (industry unrelatedness) and a firm-level factor (board concentration) have significant impact on ownership participation in cross-border M&As. The author also finds that investors do give high valuation to those emerging market firms that chose high ownership participation in cross-border M&As. However, the author did not finds the support for the relationship between ownership participation and cultural distance. Neither did the author finds the support for the relationship between ownership participation and board independence. Originality/value – This study enhances the understanding of conditions under which the level of ownership participation in cross-border M&As would increase (decrease) and how the market reacts to high (low) ownership participation of cross-border M&As by emerging market firms.
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Guesalaga, Rodrigo, Meghan Pierce, and Daiane Scaraboto. "Cultural influences on expectations and evaluations of service quality in emerging markets." International Marketing Review 33, no. 1 (February 8, 2016): 88–111. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-08-2014-0283.
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Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to explore cultural sources of variation on consumers’ expectations and evaluations of service quality within local emerging markets. Design/methodology/approach – The authors employ a multi-method approach. The multi-method research design utilizes: first, netnography to examine foreign consumers’ blogs and online communities; second, interviews with local and foreign consumers to unveil critical incidents in service encounters; and third, an online survey of 139 foreign consumers living in Chile and 460 Chilean consumers to map differences in their expectations and evaluations of services. Findings – A general analysis of local and foreign consumers living in an emerging market reveals that these two groups do not differ significantly in their expectations of service quality. The authors also find that differences in expectations and evaluations of service quality within a local emergent market are only partially explained by aggregating consumers according to their country or region of origin. Finally, the findings demonstrate that examining cultural differences at the individual level generates a better understanding of how cultural factors impact consumer expectations and evaluations of service quality within emerging markets. Research limitations/implications – The research is limited to one emerging market (Chile) and focusses largely in one industry (banking). Further research should be conducted to examine the findings in other contexts, including developed markets, and to identify how other cultural differences (e.g. language mastery) within local markets may impact consumer expectations and evaluations of services. Practical implications – Service companies operating in emerging markets should account for cultural differences when determining service standards and protocols. These differences may cut across the local-foreign divide and suggest that profiling foreign customers depending on their country of origin is not the most adequate approach for providing excellence in service and enjoying the benefits that follow. Social implications – Foreign consumers living in a local market are frequently considered a homogeneous group distinct from local consumers, and are treated as such by public and private service providers. The study demonstrates that foreign consumers may be more or less similar to local consumers depending on their cultural values, and should not be considered as a uniform group. Originality/value – The findings extend research on consumer expectations and evaluations of service quality to account for cultural diversity within local emerging markets. The authors demonstrate that a cluster-approach to examining consumer expectations and evaluations of service quality better accounts for variations due to cultural values within local markets.
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Miller, Elizabeth. "Reclaiming Gender and Power in Sexual Violence Prevention in Adolescence." Violence Against Women 24, no. 15 (March 15, 2018): 1785–93. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1077801217753323.
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The Mentors in Violence Prevention (MVP) model seeks to address the root causes of gender violence using a bystander approach and leadership training to challenge structures of patriarchy. Emerging research on adolescent relationship abuse and sexual violence points to key modifiable targets—transforming gender norms, addressing homophobia, integrating with comprehensive sexuality education, and acknowledging the needs of youth already exposed to violence. A social justice–based bystander approach such as the MVP model should be part of a multi-level approach to sexual violence prevention that addresses gender and power, encourages healthy sexuality conversations, and provides safety and support for survivors.
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Trabelsi, Zouheir, Syed Sarmad Shah, and Kadhim Hayawi. "Multi-BSM: An Anomaly Detection and Position Falsification Attack Mitigation Approach in Connected Vehicles." Electronics 11, no. 20 (October 12, 2022): 3282. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11203282.
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With the dawn of the emerging technologies in the field of vehicular environment, connected vehicles are advancing at a rapid speed. The advancement of such technologies helps people daily, whether it is to reach from one place to another, avoid traffic, or prevent any hazardous incident from occurring. Safety is one of the main concerns regarding the vehicular environment when it comes to developing applications for connected vehicles. Connected vehicles depend on messages known as basic safety messages (BSMs) that are repeatedly broadcast in their communication range in order to obtain information regarding their surroundings. Different kinds of attacks can be initiated by a vehicle in the network with malicious intent by inserting false information in these messages, e.g., speed, direction, and position. This paper focuses on the position falsification attacks that can be carried out in the vehicular environment and be avoided using the multi-BSM approach. Multi-BSM uses consecutive multiple BSMs with different parameters to detect and warn other vehicles about position falsification attacks. Multi-BSM is compared to other anomaly detection algorithms and evaluated with rigorous simulations. Multi-BSM shows a high level of anomaly detection, even in high vehicle density, with up to 97% accuracy rate compared to the respective algorithms.
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Ng, E. C. W., and A. T. Fisher. "Understanding Well-Being in Multi-Levels: A review." Health, Culture and Society 5, no. 1 (November 15, 2013): 308–23. http://dx.doi.org/10.5195/hcs.2013.142.
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Well-being is not only an emerging research agenda, but also a critical issue concerning the individual as well as the societal development, because how the issue is viewed has a huge theoretical as well as practical, even policy, implication. In academic, while some argue that well-being is in the subjective perception of one’s life or psychological functioning, others argue that well-being is in the objective conditions and the broader environment. This paper, drawing on psychology tradition, tries to go beyond the dichotomy of well-being as either an individual attribute or external conditions. Instead, this article acknowledges the multi-levels of well-being are closely tied and should be taken into accounts when well-being is concerned. We will provide a brief review of the two major approaches – subjective well-being and quality of life – of well-being before the multi-level approach is introduced. The strength and challenges of the multilevel approach will be discussed.
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Lo, Fang-Yi, and Ricky Tan. "Determinants of international subsidiaries’ performances." International Journal of Emerging Markets 15, no. 4 (November 25, 2019): 746–66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-06-2019-0445.
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Purpose One important strategy Multinational Enterprises (MNEs) employ to compete in the global market is to engage in foreign investment, but firms must know how they can perform better in the host country market. International subsidiaries’ performances play a chief role for MNEs’ globalization strategy. The purpose of this paper is to construct multi-level research with parent-level data at the higher level and subsidiary-level data at the lower level. Design/methodology/approach This study helps capture the rapid growing trend in emerging markets and uses a sample of Taiwanese enterprises and their subsidiaries in China. The data come from the Taiwan Economic Journal database. Precisely, the authors obtain 711 Taiwanese MNEs and 4,458 of their subsidiaries in China. Findings This study finds among the parent company’s attributes that firm size, firm total performance, depth of internationalization and foreign shareholding have significant impacts on subsidiary performance, while within the subsidiary’s attributes, subsidiary size, subsidiary-owned capital and total investment fund significantly affect subsidiary performance. Originality/value In order to capture subsidiary performance, this study uses a multi-level analysis approach with the Hierarchical Linear Model statistic method to separate parent company attributes and subsidiary-owned attributes as two distinct levels. This method fills the gap in the literature by analyzing subsidiary performance and clarifying that foreign direct investment is a multi-level phenomenon that cannot be analyzed using a one-level analysis method.
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Liu, Yipeng, Christina Öberg, Shlomo Yedidia Tarba, and Yijun Xing. "Brand management in mergers and acquisitions." International Marketing Review 35, no. 5 (September 10, 2018): 710–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/imr-01-2017-0011.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to focus on emerging market companies that internationalize into advanced economies by means of acquisitions and to investigate brand management during post-acquisition integration from a multi-level perspective and to identify how a brand management strategy can be constructed. It takes into account the influences of country-of-origin image, corporate brand and brand portfolio to obtain a granular view of post-acquisition brand management. Design/methodology/approach A multiple case study approach was adopted. By using case studies and storytelling qualitative research methods, the empirical setting was related to the acquisitions undertaken by Chinese companies in Germany. Findings The authors identified three mechanisms for brand management in the post-acquisition integration of emerging market companies – namely, transferring, dynamically redeploying and categorizing – that underpin the interconnection and combined influence of country-of-origin image at the national level, corporate brand at the organizational level and brand portfolio at the product level. Practical implications Brand has been viewed as a strategic asset in Chinese cross-border mergers and acquisitions (M&As). Brand management is a dynamic process that involves learning and interaction between the acquirer and target. The research offers a practical guideline for both acquirers and targets in managing brand in the context of acquisitions undertaken by emerging market companies in advanced economies. Originality/value The findings provide important insights into the brand management strategies adopted in Chinese cross-border M&As in particular, and emerging market companies venturing into advanced economies in general. The interlinking of country, company and product levels introduces new ideas to the brand literature related to acquisitions, and the setting of Chinese companies acquiring German ones constitutes an important contribution to the understanding of the different ways in which companies from emerging economies may pursue branding strategies in the context of cross-border M&As.
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Sarhan, Ahmed A., and Collins G. Ntim. "Corporate boards, shareholding structures and voluntary disclosure in emerging MENA economies." Journal of Accounting in Emerging Economies 9, no. 1 (February 4, 2019): 2–27. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jaee-03-2017-0033.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the level of voluntary compliance with, and disclosure of, corporate governance (CG) best practices, and the extent to which board characteristics and shareholding structures can explain discernible differences in the level of voluntary CG disclosure in a number of emerging Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) economies. Design/methodology/approach The paper uses a number of multivariate regression methods, namely, ordinary least squares, weighted, non-linear, lagged-effects, two-stage least squares and fixed-effects regression techniques to analyse data collected for a sample of listed corporations in emerging MENA economies from 2009 to 2014. Findings First, in general, MENA listed firms have a relatively lower level of voluntary compliance with, and disclosure of, CG practices compared to listed firms in developed countries. Second, the evidence suggests that corporate board characteristics, including board diversity, have a positive association with the level of voluntary CG disclosure. In contrast, the findings indicate that unitary board leadership structure, director shareholdings and government shareholdings negatively impact on the level of voluntary CG disclosure. The study does not, however, find any evidence to suggest that family shareholdings have any significant relationship with the level of voluntary CG disclosure. The findings are generally robust to alternative measures and potential endogeneity problems. Originality/value This is one of the first empirical efforts at investigating the association between CG mechanisms and voluntary disclosure in emerging MENA economies that observably relies on a multi-theoretical framework within a longitudinal cross-country research setting.
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Kalaska, John F. "Emerging ideas and tools to study the emergent properties of the cortical neural circuits for voluntary motor control in non-human primates." F1000Research 8 (May 29, 2019): 749. http://dx.doi.org/10.12688/f1000research.17161.1.
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For years, neurophysiological studies of the cerebral cortical mechanisms of voluntary motor control were limited to single-electrode recordings of the activity of one or a few neurons at a time. This approach was supported by the widely accepted belief that single neurons were the fundamental computational units of the brain (the “neuron doctrine”). Experiments were guided by motor-control models that proposed that the motor system attempted to plan and control specific parameters of a desired action, such as the direction, speed or causal forces of a reaching movement in specific coordinate frameworks, and that assumed that the controlled parameters would be expressed in the task-related activity of single neurons. The advent of chronically implanted multi-electrode arrays about 20 years ago permitted the simultaneous recording of the activity of many neurons. This greatly enhanced the ability to study neural control mechanisms at the population level. It has also shifted the focus of the analysis of neural activity from quantifying single-neuron correlates with different movement parameters to probing the structure of multi-neuron activity patterns to identify the emergent computational properties of cortical neural circuits. In particular, recent advances in “dimension reduction” algorithms have attempted to identify specific covariance patterns in multi-neuron activity which are presumed to reflect the underlying computational processes by which neural circuits convert the intention to perform a particular movement into the required causal descending motor commands. These analyses have led to many new perspectives and insights on how cortical motor circuits covertly plan and prepare to initiate a movement without causing muscle contractions, transition from preparation to overt execution of the desired movement, generate muscle-centered motor output commands, and learn new motor skills. Progress is also being made to import optical-imaging and optogenetic toolboxes from rodents to non-human primates to overcome some technical limitations of multi-electrode recording technology.
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Nieman, David C., Mary Ann Lila, and Nicholas D. Gillitt. "Immunometabolism: A Multi-Omics Approach to Interpreting the Influence of Exercise and Diet on the Immune System." Annual Review of Food Science and Technology 10, no. 1 (March 25, 2019): 341–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1146/annurev-food-032818-121316.
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Immunometabolism is an evolving field of scientific endeavor that merges immunology and metabolism and has provided valuable context when evaluating the influence of dietary interventions on exercise-induced immune dysfunction. Metabolomics, lipidomics, and proteomics provide a system-wide view of the metabolic response to exercise by simultaneously measuring and identifying a large number of small-molecule metabolites, lipids, and proteins. Many of these are involved with immune function and regulation and are sensitive to dietary influences, especially acute carbohydrate ingestion from either sugar beverages or fruits such as bananas. Emerging evidence using large multi-omics data sets supports the combined intake of fruit sugars and phytochemicals by athletes during heavy exertion as an effective strategy to improve metabolic recovery, augment viral defense, and counter postexercise inflammation and immune dysfunction at the cell level. Multi-omics methodologies have given investigators new outcome targets to assess the efficacy of various dietary interventions for physiologically stressed athletes.
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Kurecic, Petar, and Binoy Kampmark. "A Multifarious, Multifaceted Approach to the Multipolar World: a Necessity." International Journal of Management Science and Business Administration 2, no. 8 (2015): 42–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.18775/ijmsba.1849-5664-5419.2014.28.1005.
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If we compare today’s world with the World(s) from 1914, 1929 or 1939, some similarities occur: multiple powerful actors on the global and regional levels with conflicting interests, economic difficulties of a large number of economies, and the inability of “the international community” to put a stop on the world’s most intense conflicts or rivalries. The Great Recession, which hit the developed, especially European economies the hardest, has shifted more economic power into the direction of emerging economies, thereby accelerating an inevitable economic and political change. Various states have managed to accelerate the change in the distribution of economic wealth. These states, grouped mainly in the BRICS, and in the Next Eleven (N11) have shown, contrary to the Western, “culturally superior” geopolitical thought, that they are neither backward nor incompetent, thereby challenging the developed states. After the paradigm of American Empire, which ended in the worst economic crisis in 70 years, it is time for a new paradigm. Since it would be an illusion to think that multipolarity would be shaped by all the parties concerned, it has to be shaped by those most important. However, the current relations between most powerful states are all but cooperative. The pragmatic relations and the common goals of the BRICS states should not be overestimated. The relations between the USA and the EU, which show a high level of homogeneity because of the Ukrainian crisis, may not in the future be so close. A clear difference would exist between the arranged and the accepted multi-polarity, and a multi-polarity in which one side is not inclined but compelled to accept multipolarity, concurrently limiting its achievements. An approach to the present and the future multipolarity and multipolar world that would be multifarious and multifaceted is therefore a necessity.
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Szabó, Attila, László Gulyás, and István János Tóth. "Simulating Tax Evasion with Utilitarian Agents and Social Feedback." International Journal of Agent Technologies and Systems 2, no. 1 (January 2010): 16–30. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/jats.2010120102.
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This article discusses the TAXSIM model for the simulation of tax evading behavior in a computational model of a single market sector. The rate of tax evasion is an agreement between an employer and an employee that is made to reduce costs. The agents’ expectations and satisfaction are results of the agents’ individual learning, based on their own experiences and on those in their social network. This way the emerging social approach to tax evasion feeds back to individual behavior. The series of experiments reported in this chapter analyze scenarios in which 1) the quality of governmental services increases permanently, 2) a market leader unilaterally adopts the legal position, and 3) multi-national companies with tax allowances enter the market. In addition, we show that in this model, the level and efficiency of tax audits alone cannot control and explain the emerging tax compliance level.
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Oliveira, Rômulo A. J., and Rémy Roca. "A Simple Statistical Model of the Uncertainty Distribution for Daily Gridded Precipitation Multi-Platform Satellite Products." Remote Sensing 14, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 3726. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/rs14153726.
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Multi-platform satellite-based precipitation gridded estimates are becoming widely available in support of climate monitoring and climate science. The characterization of the performances of these emerging Level-4 products is an active field of research. This study introduced a simple Gaussian mixture model (GMM) to characterize the distribution of uncertainty in these satellite products. The following three types of uncertainty were analyzed: constellation changes-induced uncertainties, sampling uncertainties and comparison with rain-gauges. The GMM was systematically compared with a single Gaussian approach and shown to perform well for the variety of uncertainties under consideration regardless of the precipitation levels. Additionally, GMM has also been demonstrated to be effective in evaluating the impact of Level-2 PMW rain estimates’ detection threshold definition on the constellation changes-induced uncertainty characteristics at Level-4. This simple additive perspective opens future avenues for better understanding error propagation from Level-2 to Level-4.
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Chen, Victor Zitian, Jing Li, and Daniel M. Shapiro. "Subnational institutions and outward FDI by Chinese firms." Multinational Business Review 23, no. 4 (November 16, 2015): 254–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/mbr-07-2015-0029.
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Purpose – The purpose of this study is to extend the classic country-specific advantage (CSA) – firm-specific advantage (FSA) framework by integrating an institution-based view of CSAs into the discussion of FSAs. In his classic CSA – FSA framework, Rugman suggests that successful multi-national enterprises (MNEs) are often built on the interaction between strong FSAs and strong CSAs at home. In the case of emerging market multi-nationals (EMNEs), he argued that strong CSAs were of particular importance in allowing EMNEs to develop FSAs. In particular, we examine CSAs at the sub-national level. Design/methodology/approach – The authors suggest that sub-national heterogeneity in market-supporting institutions is an important feature of emerging market economies, and that consideration of such heterogeneity contributes to our understanding of firm capabilities and overseas investment behavior of emerging market firms. The authors also identify explicitly the mechanisms through which sub-national institutions at home affect FSAs and, subsequently, the ability of emerging market firms’ entry into developed markets. Specifically, the authors argue that strong local institutions that support effective and well-functioning markets create the conditions that induce firms in that location to develop market-related capabilities in R & D and marketing, which, in turn, enable them to expand into developed countries. Findings – Using a unique data set on overseas investment by Chinese firms and causal mediation analysis, the authors find strong evidence in support of the view that strong sub-national institutions help emerging market firms develop the capabilities to enter developed country markets. Originality/value – This study extends the classic CSA–FSA framework by integrating an institution-based view of CSAs into the discussion of FSAs. In particular, the authors examine CSAs at the sub-national level.
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Dritsa, Dimitra, and Nimish Biloria. "Towards a multi-scalar framework for smart healthcare." Smart and Sustainable Built Environment 7, no. 1 (April 3, 2018): 33–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/sasbe-10-2017-0057.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to investigate the role of emerging technologies in the promotion of health and well-being at the urban, domestic and bodily scale, through the systematic examination of technologies such as physical sensing systems and physiological data monitoring, that are currently explored as drivers for achieving sustainable healthcare within a multi-scalar approach. Design/methodology/approach A comprehensive study of the various technologies associated with smart healthcare is provided, first investigating smart cities, physical sensing systems and geospatial data as potential enablers of public health. Then the discourse shifts towards exploring Smart Home technologies for healthcare, first reviewing strategies of enhancing the home environment with multisensory components, and then discussing the emergence of physiological monitoring devices and their interconnection with the domestic and urban environment. Findings While the implementation of Internet of Things, physical sensing systems and geospatial analytics in extracting and analyzing the multiple information layers of the urban, the domestic and the bodily environment, has been widely explored, there is little consideration on the transition from the domestic to the urban level, and while within each of the different scales, the need for a multi-componential approach is addressed, there is minimal effort towards its materialization. Originality/value The major contribution of this study therefore lies in laying the ground for further research towards a multi-scalar relational approach that views smart healthcare as a trajectory, binding the bodily, to the domestic and the urban fabric.
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Yi, Chunlei, Kunfan Zhang, and Nengling Peng. "A multi-sensor fusion and object tracking algorithm for self-driving vehicles." Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part D: Journal of Automobile Engineering 233, no. 9 (August 2019): 2293–300. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0954407019867492.
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Vehicles need to detect threats on the road, anticipate emerging dangerous driving situations and take proactive actions for collision avoidance. Therefore, the study on methods of target detection and recognition are of practical value to a self-driving system. However, single sensor has its weakness, such as poor weather adaptability with lidar and camera. In this article, we propose a novel spatial calibration method based on multi-sensor systems, and the approach utilizes rotation and translation of the coordinate system. The validity of the proposed spatial calibration method is tested through comparisons with the data calibrated. In addition, a multi-sensor fusion and object tracking algorithm based on target level to detect and recognize targets is tested. Sensors contain lidar, radar and camera. The multi-sensor fusion and object tracking algorithm takes advantages of various sensors such as target location from lidar, target velocity from radar and target type from camera. Besides, multi-sensor fusion and object tracking algorithm can achieve information redundancy and increase environmental adaptability. Compared with the results of single sensor, this new approach is verified to have the accuracy of location, velocity and recognition by real data.
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McAdam, Rodney, William Keogh, Adil Ahmed El Tigani, and Paul Gardiner. "An exploratory study of business excellence implementation in the United Arab Emirates (UAE) public sector." International Journal of Quality & Reliability Management 30, no. 4 (April 12, 2013): 426–45. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/02656711311308402.
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PurposeThe aim of this paper is to explore the implementation issues of the Business Excellence Model and the process of self‐assessment, from both management and employee perspectives, in a large government organisation in the United Arab Emirates (UAE), where the large Government organisation is indicative of the type of large indigenous organisation in the region. The organisation is part of the Dubai Government Excellence Programme (DGEP).Design/methodology/approachA multi‐level case study approach is used, involving repeated in‐depth interviews with managers (n=12) and a questionnaire with employees (n=96) to explore the implementation issues at all levels.FindingsThere was considerable variation in the implementation effectiveness across the different levels within the organisation. The top down approach had a resonance with the Middle East culture at management levels. However, insufficient participation and empowerment of lower level employees, especially amongst non‐indigenous employees, led to a lack of closure on corrective actions emerging from the self‐assessment process. Overall there was an acceptance of the business improvement side of total quality management (TQM) but there was a need for increased cultural acceptance of the people development aspects.Originality/valueThere is a paucity of multi‐level in‐depth studies relating to Business Excellence and self‐assessment in Middle Eastern organisations where a critical cultural perspective is adopted, even though there has been considerable resources expended by Government in initiatives such as the Dubai Government Excellence Programme (DGEP).
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Bou Nassar, Jessica A., Julien J. Malard, Jan F. Adamowski, Marco Ramírez Ramírez, Wietske Medema, and Héctor Tuy. "Multi-level storylines for participatory modeling – involving marginalized communities in Tz'olöj Ya', Mayan Guatemala." Hydrology and Earth System Sciences 25, no. 3 (March 15, 2021): 1283–306. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/hess-25-1283-2021.
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Abstract. Unconventional sources of data that enhance our understanding of internal interactions between socio-economic and hydrological processes are central to modeling human–water systems. Participatory modeling (PM) departs from conventional modeling tools by informing and conceptualizing human–water systems through stakeholder engagement. However, the implementation of many PM processes remains biased, particularly in regions where marginalized communities are present. Many PM processes are not cognizant of differentiation and diversity within a society and tend to treat communities as homogeneous units with similar capabilities, needs, and interests. This undifferentiation leads to the exclusion of key actors, many of whom are associated with marginalized communities. In this study, a participatory model-building framework (PMBF), aiming to ensure the inclusiveness of marginalized stakeholders – who (1) have low literacy, (2) are comparatively powerless, and/or (3) are associated with a marginalized language – in participatory modeling, is proposed. The adopted approach employs interdisciplinary storylines to inform and conceptualize human–water systems. The suggested method is underpinned by the multi-level perspective (MLP) framework, which was developed by Geels et al. (2002) to conceptualize socio-technical transitions and modified in this study to accommodate the development of interdisciplinary storylines. A case study was conducted in Atitlán Basin, Guatemala, to understand the relationships that govern the lake's cultural eutrophication problem. This research integrated key stakeholders from the Indigenous Mayan community, associated with diverse literacy ranges, and emerging from three different marginalized linguistic backgrounds (Kaqchikel, Tz'utujil, and K'iche'), in the PM activity. The proposed approach facilitated the participation of marginalized stakeholders. Moreover, it (1) helped develop an understanding of mechanisms governing the eutrophication of the lake, (2) initiated a dialogue between Indigenous Peoples and non-Indigenous stakeholders, and (3) extracted potential solutions targeting the system's leverage points. The participatory model-building activity generated three submodules: (1) agriculture, (2) tourism, and (3) environmental awareness. Each submodule contained socioculturally specific mechanisms associated with nutrient discharge to Lake Atitlán. The delineation of such nuanced relationships helps develop well-targeted policies and best management practices (BMPs). Additionally, the suggested process helped decrease the impact of power imbalances in water resources management and empowered community-based decision-making.
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Yao, Fei, Kangmin Hua, Qingqi Wang, Donghan Zheng, Xin An, Yaye Xu, Fangdong Li, Xiyue Liu, and Xian Shan. "Research and Practice on the Innovative Mode of Practical Teaching of Civil Aviation Engineering under the Background of "Professional Certification + Emerging Engineering Education"." Journal of Education and Educational Research 1, no. 3 (January 6, 2023): 35–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/jeer.v1i3.4309.
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This paper mainly studies the practical teaching mode under the background of Professional Certification and Emerging Engineering Education. Based on the analysis of the problems faced by the practical teaching mode of civil aviation colleges and universities at the present stage, the construction objectives are proposed in combination with the specific construction contents, and the construction of the practical teaching system and methods are further proposed: first, the "one body and two wings" structure of experimental practical teaching and the multi-level experimental curriculum system are constructed; Secondly, innovate the "multi subject multi approach multi stage" experimental practice teaching mode based on industry university cooperation, collaborative education, practice and training, and mass entrepreneurship and innovation education; Thirdly, based on the "diversified" assessment, the evaluation method of students' learning effect should be reconstructed; Finally, integrate experimental teaching resources, strengthen school enterprise cooperation and practical training education, and promote the school enterprise collaborative training mode. This study is of great significance for improving the quality of civil aviation professional training, and provides some reference for innovative practice teaching of other engineering majors.
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Kihl, Lisa. "Individual-level explanations of corruption within an intercollegiate context." Journal of Intercollegiate Sport 12, no. 1 (July 9, 2019): 43–72. http://dx.doi.org/10.17161/jis.v12i1.11560.
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Understanding why individuals engage in sport corruption is an emerging topic of research. Micro-level accounts of corruption have generally used a single disciplinary approach toward understanding why actors commit corruption (e.g., doping and match-fixing) in specific sports. The purpose of this study was to first examine individual-level explanations of corruption in the context of intercollegiate athletics; and, second, to generate an interdisciplinary framework. A multi-case analysis was conducted of 20 National Collegiate Athletic Association (NCAA) major infractions (corruption) reports that occurred between 2005 and 2015. The findings showed that actors’ explanations were based on psychological factors—motivations (social relationship and self-interest) and personal norms, professional factors (abuse of power and failure of responsibilities), and justification factors (rationalizing strategies). This research builds on existing scholarship by generating an interdisciplinary framework of micro-level accounts of sport corruption in intercollegiate athletics.
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Zgheib, Philippe. "Multi-level framework of push-pull entrepreneurship: comparing American and Lebanese women." International Journal of Entrepreneurial Behavior & Research 24, no. 3 (May 8, 2018): 768–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijebr-12-2015-0314.
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Purpose American and Lebanese women may feel they have different needs and therefore have different wants. This distinction brings to the fore the importance of an integrative analysis of forced and voluntary (push-pull) factors that influence entrepreneurship. The purpose of this paper is to compare Lebanese and American women to determine their push-pull drive for entrepreneurship. Background: women entrepreneurship is developing in various cultural settings internationally as well as domestically. This research paper attempts to address the inference of autonomy, creativity, and non-conformity in comparing American and Lebanese women entrepreneurs with respect to the push-pull framework of entrepreneurship. Design/methodology/approach An interpretive analysis of 102 extensive in-depth interviews with women entrepreneurs from the USA and Lebanon allows the exploration of the relevance and salience of the proposed push-pull gender related entrepreneurship framework. Contrasting American and Lebanese women responses explains why the number and rate of women entrepreneurs is greater in the USA than in the Arab world, and attempts to answer why American women are more entrepreneurial and how the environment impacts them. Findings Emerging patterns of female business entrepreneurship in this analysis demonstrate that forced push entrepreneurship is more prevalent among women from a developing economy such as Lebanon than in industrially advanced USA. By contrast voluntary pull entrepreneurship claims more global validity as discovered in the US business culture. Entrepreneurial dimensions analyzed include autonomy, creativity, and non-conformity. Originality/value The dynamic interplay of micro, meso, and macro levels of the integrated framework of gender entrepreneurship is taken into further depth by exploring the gender autonomy debate, and highlighting creativity and non-conformity within the push-pull framework of entrepreneurship. This research contributes to reach scopes of practice and research. At the practice level the results show that the economic need is more than the self-satisfaction need to the initiation of new start-up business enterprises for Lebanese women compared to American women. This research sheds a new light on the balancing act of women entrepreneurs between tradition and modernity, between Oriental and Western cultures, and between Americans and Lebanese Arabs.
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Yang, Xi, and Xiang Yu. "Preventing Patent Risks in Artificial Intelligence Industry for Sustainable Development: A Multi-Level Network Analysis." Sustainability 12, no. 20 (October 19, 2020): 8667. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12208667.
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In recent years, assessing patent risks has attracted fast-growing attention from both researchers and practitioners in studies of technological innovation. Following the existing literature on risks and intellectual property (IP) risks, we define patent risks as the lack of understanding of the distribution of patents that lead to losing a key patent, increased research and development costs, and, potentially, infringement litigation. This paper aims to propose an explorative approach to investigating patent risks in the target technology field by integrating social network analysis and patent analysis. Compared to previous research, this study makes an important contribution toward identifying patent risks in the overall technological field by employing a patent-based multi-level network model that has not appeared in existing methodologies of patent risks. In order to verify the effectiveness of this approach, we take artificial intelligence (AI) as an example. Data collected from the Derwent Innovation Index (DII) database were used to build the patent-based multi-level network on patent risks from market, technology, and assignee perspectives. The results indicate that the lack of international collaborations among assignees and industry–university–research collaboration may lead to patent collaboration risks. Regarding patent market risks, the lack of overseas patent applications, especially the lack of distribution in the main competitive markets, is a key factor. As for patent technology risks, most of the leading assignees lack awareness of the distribution in the following technological fields: industrial electric equipment, engineering instrumentation, and automotive electrics. In summary, assignees from the U.S. with first mover advantages are still powerful leaders in the AI technology field. Although China is catching up very rapidly in the total number of AI patents, the apparent patent risks under the perspectives of collaboration, market, and technology will obviously hamper the catch-up efforts of China’s AI industry. We conclude that, in practice, the proposed patent-based multi-level network model not only plays an important role in helping stakeholders in the AI technological field to prevent patent risks, find new technology opportunities, and obtain sustainable development, but also has significance for guiding the industrial development of various emerging technology fields.
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Casadei, Roberto, Gianluca Aguzzi, and Mirko Viroli. "A Programming Approach to Collective Autonomy." Journal of Sensor and Actuator Networks 10, no. 2 (April 19, 2021): 27. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jsan10020027.
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Research and technology developments on autonomous agents and autonomic computing promote a vision of artificial systems that are able to resiliently manage themselves and autonomously deal with issues at runtime in dynamic environments. Indeed, autonomy can be leveraged to unburden humans from mundane tasks (cf. driving and autonomous vehicles), from the risk of operating in unknown or perilous environments (cf. rescue scenarios), or to support timely decision-making in complex settings (cf. data-centre operations). Beyond the results that individual autonomous agents can carry out, a further opportunity lies in the collaboration of multiple agents or robots. Emerging macro-paradigms provide an approach to programming whole collectives towards global goals. Aggregate computing is one such paradigm, formally grounded in a calculus of computational fields enabling functional composition of collective behaviours that could be proved, under certain technical conditions, to be self-stabilising. In this work, we address the concept of collective autonomy, i.e., the form of autonomy that applies at the level of a group of individuals. As a contribution, we define an agent control architecture for aggregate multi-agent systems, discuss how the aggregate computing framework relates to both individual and collective autonomy, and show how it can be used to program collective autonomous behaviour. We exemplify the concepts through a simulated case study, and outline a research roadmap towards reliable aggregate autonomy.
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Teston, Francesca, and Alberto Bramanti. "EUSALP and the challenge of multi-level governance policies in the Alps." Worldwide Hospitality and Tourism Themes 10, no. 2 (April 9, 2018): 140–60. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/whatt-12-2017-0079.
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Purpose “Wide area cooperation” may be the ultimate challenge within transnational cooperation processes. Although the Alps share a remarkable history of mutual collaboration, they are facing the challenge of a new sustainable-coordination paradigm. The Alpine territories are at a turning point. They are striving for a new governance arrangement and trying to avoid both the Scylla of top-town dirigisme and the Charybdis of poor local governments. This paper aims to address the recent literature on the EU Strategy for the Alpine Region (EUSALP) macro-regional strategy; provide some insights into the role that EUSALP could play as ultimate coordinator of the numerous networks operating in the Alpine space; and discuss a workable division of labour among the different actors that can ensure a renewed focus on sustainable development. Design/methodology/approach The review addresses two main strands of literature related to “wide area cooperation” and “multi-level governance” to synthesise the debate on the most appropriate governance structure for the Alps. The paper examines, dating back to 2000, the recent history of bottom-up projects related to sustainable tourism in the western arc of the Alps. The study uses a subset of best practices to evaluate the emerging governance frame. Findings The main outcomes of this study are a framework for a theoretical debate on the most appropriate governance structure for the Alps, guidance for policymakers on a division of labour among different stakeholders that can promote sustainable tourism in the Alps and a set of suggestions for practitioners. Further, the study acknowledges “sustainable tourism” as a highly relevant field to the emergence of bottom-up arrangements aimed at developing workable governance agreements. Research limitations/implications The paper provides a state-of-the-art framework for “wide area cooperation” in the Alps and serves as a basis for discussion between academics and practitioners. As EUSALP is still in its infancy, its success will depend on the pro-active involvement of national stakeholders. In the case of Italy, this is all but granted because of the current unstable political situation. Originality/value This paper provides a rigorous framework for addressing top-down strategies and bottom-up planning in the Alpine space. The study also makes a practical contribution by addressing some topics of interest to policymakers.
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Li, W., S. Zlatanova, J. J. Yan, A. Diakite, and M. Aleksandrov. "A GEO-DATABASE SOLUTION FOR THE MANAGEMENT AND ANALYSIS OF BUILDING MODEL WITH MULTI-SOURCE DATA FUSION." ISPRS - International Archives of the Photogrammetry, Remote Sensing and Spatial Information Sciences XLII-4/W20 (November 15, 2019): 55–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/isprs-archives-xlii-4-w20-55-2019.
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Abstract. Over the last decades, building models have become valuable for a multitude of application scenarios, such as visualisation, simulations and decision support. As the growth of multi-source data consisting of semantic and 2D/3D spatial information, data management becomes feasibility means for facilitating the development and deployment of building model applications. In addition, most studies focus on modelling buildings at geometric level, while semantic analysis can become a promising approach to get a better understanding of built environment. How to utilize multi-source data in a joint manner to further express the building model, therefore, is an emerging challenge. In this paper, we develop a semantic 3D building model based on complex multi-source data. Then, we tackle data management and analysis problems in a geo-database solution for our unified building model. Performance studies on the University of New South Wales (UNSW) campus demonstrate the efficiency of our solution.
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Salazar-Elena, Juan Carlos, and José Guimón. "Management practices and small firms’ productivity in emerging countries." Competitiveness Review: An International Business Journal 29, no. 4 (July 15, 2019): 356–74. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/cr-01-2019-0004.
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Purpose The purpose of this study is to explore the potential for increasing the productivity of small firms from emerging countries by enhancing their management practices. Design/methodology/approach The link between four types of management practices and labor productivity at the firm level is tested through a sample of 13,566 small firms from 15 emerging countries. Subsequently, the policy options available to upgrade management practices in such firms are analyzed through a systematic review of recent experiences in 12 emerging countries. Findings The econometric results confirm that the adoption of good management practices has a significant effect on labor productivity, especially when several management practices are combined. This effect is context-dependent, with a higher intensity in lower-middle income countries and in manufacturing firms. The paper also outlines the different components of successful policy programs to support the adoption of good management practices. Research limitations/implications On the one hand, the challenge of isolating the causal relationship between management practices and firm productivity affects the econometric part of this study. On the other hand, the analysis of policy experiences is purely explorative and does not attempt to evaluate impacts but rather to offer a general overview of policy options. Practical implications The paper provides practical guidance for policymakers from emerging countries in their efforts to support the adoption of good management practices by small firms. Social implications Improving management practices of small firms can contribute to a more inclusive development agenda by narrowing wage differentials between leading and laggard firms, while transforming informal businesses into formal ones. Originality/value The multi-method approach used in this study provides rich insights into the relationship between management practices and productivity of small firms in emerging countries.
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Shabani-Naeeni, Fereshte, and R. Ghasemy Yaghin. "Incorporating data quality into a multi-product procurement planning under risk." Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing 36, no. 7 (January 14, 2021): 1176–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/jbim-02-2020-0108.
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Purpose In the data-driven era, the quality of the data exchanged between suppliers and buyer can enhance the buyer’s ability to appropriately cope with the risks and uncertainties associated with raw material purchasing. This paper aims to address the issue of supplier selection and purchasing planning considering the quality of data by benefiting from suppliers’ synergistic effects. Design/methodology/approach An approach is proposed to measure data visibility’s total value using a multi-stage algorithm. A multi-objective mathematical optimization model is then developed to determine the optimal integrated purchasing plan in a multi-product setting under risk. The model contemplates three essential objective functions, i.e. maximizing total data quality and quantity level, minimizing purchasing risks and minimizing total costs. Findings With emerging competitive areas, in the presence of industry 4.0, internet of things and big data, high data quality can improve the process of supply chain decision-making. This paper supports the managers for the procurement planning of modern organizations under risk and thus provides an in-depth understanding for the enterprises having the readiness for industry 4.0 transformation. Originality/value Various data quality attributes are comprehensively subjected to deeper analysis. An applicable procedure is proposed to determine the total value of data quality and quantity required for supplier selection. Besides, a novel multi-objective optimization model is developed to determine the purchasing plan under risk.
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Et. al., T. Arul Raj,. "A Novel Genetic Convolutional Neuro Multi-Fuzzy Techniques for Newborn Face Recognition." Turkish Journal of Computer and Mathematics Education (TURCOMAT) 12, no. 6 (April 11, 2021): 1037–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.17762/turcomat.v12i6.2416.
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Advances in technology have made life simpler in today's society by supplying us with a variety of emerging demands lacking By assessing the progressive stability of biometric recognition accuracy for newborns, biometric recognition can be used to recognize missing newborns and prevent them from being switched in higher-level hospitals.. Recognizing and authenticating newborns is a major problem in many hospitals. The face recognition system does an outstanding job of identifying and authenticating the newborn. To answer these concerns, create a face recognition device for newborns. The proposed approach improves picture consistency on a newborn's face. Our objectives are to propose a genetic, convolutional neural network, and fuzzy logic-based automated framework for newborn face recognition. As a paradigm GCNMF is suggested for real-world newborn face recognition. Convolutional, pooling, and fully-connected layers, as well as a Neuro Fuzzy layer, form the Inherited Convolutional Neuro Multi-Fuzzy. The model employs hereditary, convolutional neural networks, and fuzzy logic to deal with ambiguity and imprecision in the input configuration representation. The efficacy and outcomes of the recommended method are then analyzed using newborn face datasets and the Genetic Convolutional Neuro Multi-Fuzzy (GCNMF) Approach.
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Rouzbehani, Behnam, Luis M. Correia, and Luísa Caeiro. "A Service-Oriented Approach for Radio Resource Management in Virtual RANs." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2018 (July 10, 2018): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2018/4163612.
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Virtualisation, as a key role player of future mobile communications, promotes the idea of service-oriented architectures. This paper proposes a model of Radio Resource Management (RRM) for emerging Virtual Radio Access Networks, based on the interaction between two separated management entities: Common-RRM (CRRM) to coordinate the radio resources among the Radio Access Technologies (RATs) and a centralised virtualisation platform on top of it, called Virtual-RRM (VRRM), which is responsible for service orchestration among Virtual Network Operators, enabling the definition of various services and policies, separately from vendors and underlying RATs. The main objective of VRRM is to satisfy the Service Level Agreements associated with different service classes to the highest possible level, within the framework of proportional fairness. On the other hand, CRRM is in charge of mapping the demanded capacity of each service onto the most suitable RATs. The model is further extended to deal with extreme situations of resource shortage, resulting from high traffic loads, by introducing delay to lower priority services. The performance of the proposed model is evaluated in a practical multi-RAT scenario. Results confirm that the isolation of service classes is consistent with the introduced serving weights, while all the demanded capacities from different services are responded by the most suitable RATs. Finally, independent of the variation of traffic load, 100% of the aggregated capacity is used.
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Tillement, Stéphanie, Frédéric Garcias, Guy Minguet, and Florence Charue Duboc. "Disentangling Exploitation and Exploration in Hybrid Projects: The Case of a New Nuclear Reactor Development." Project Management Journal 50, no. 5 (August 28, 2019): 538–53. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/8756972819870343.
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Using a qualitative research approach, this article addresses a gap in the project management literature that is the coexistence of exploitation and exploration learning dynamics within a single large-scale and complex project. We investigate the case of the New Sodium Fast Reactor (NewSFR) project, a large-scale, complex, and multi-actor project aimed at designing a new technology of nuclear reactor. Through a grounded, interpretive, and multilevel methodological approach, we characterize NewSFR as a hybrid project that combines high exploration and exploitation goals. We investigate the hybridizing process, which takes into account long-term temporal dynamics and interactions between two levels of analysis: the knowledge domains within the project and the project itself. This enables us to report three major contributions. First, at a macro-level, we highlight the ambiguity related to the difficulty for project members to agree on either exploratory or exploitative NewSFR status, which leads us to qualify it as a hybrid project. We then investigate the case dynamically and at a micro-level (i.e., the level of knowledge domains within the project). We emphasize the temporal processes underlying the hybridization, and how this hybridization evolves in time through two data-based concepts: deliberate exploration and emerging exploration. We identify and categorize the main drivers of deliberate and emerging exploration throughout the project, and highlight how these drivers affect project management processes. Finally, we discuss the issue of managing such hybrid projects.
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Simangunsong, Elliot, Linda C. Hendry, and Mark Stevenson. "Managing supply chain uncertainty with emerging ethical issues." International Journal of Operations & Production Management 36, no. 10 (October 3, 2016): 1272–307. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijopm-12-2014-0599.
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Purpose The purpose of this paper is to empirically investigate effective management strategies for 14 sources of supply chain uncertainty, with a particular emphasis on uncertainties or strategies that involve ethical issues. Design/methodology/approach Manufacturing strategy theory, underpinned by alignment and contingency theory, is used as the theoretical foundation. Multi-case study data are collected from 12 companies in the Indonesian food industry, including four focal manufacturers, four first-tier suppliers, and four first-tier customers (retailers). Findings Within the context of appropriately aligned management strategies to address 14 sources of uncertainty, three ethical issues are empirically identified: first, collusion amongst suppliers to ration supplies and increase prices; second, unethical influences on government policy; and third, “abuse” of power by large retailers at the expense of smaller competitors. Joint purchasing is argued to be a key strategy for combatting the first of these ethical issues. Research limitations/implications The study is limited to the Indonesian food industry, and so further research is needed in other cultures/contexts. Practical implications Management strategies that aim to reduce an uncertainty at its source lead to better overall supply chain performance than strategies that merely cope with uncertainty, which only have an impact on firm-level performance. Social implications The ethical issues identified have implications for fair negotiations between customers and suppliers. Originality/value This study is unique in its in-depth case study-based empirical investigation of the management of multiple supply chain uncertainties; and in its discussion of ethical issues in this context.
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Mohammed, Wael M., Rodolfo E. Haber, and Jose L. Martinez Lastra. "Ontology-Driven Guidelines for Architecting Digital Twins in Factory Automation Applications." Machines 10, no. 10 (September 26, 2022): 861. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/machines10100861.
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The rapid emerging technologies in various fields permitted the creation of simulation tools. These tools are designed to replicate physical systems in order to provide faster, cheaper and more detailed illustrative analysis of the physical system. In this regard, the concept of digital twins has been introduced to generally define these simulation tools. In fact, and according to the creator of the digital twin term Micheal Grieves, a digital twin is defined as a physical system, a digital replica of the physical system and information flow between the former parts. This definition is simple and generic for describing digital twins and yet, holistic. This broad definition creates a challenge for developers who target the development of such applications. Therefore, this paper presents a paradigm for architecting digital twins for manufacturing processes. The approach is inspired by the definitions of the ISA95 standard and the onion concept of computer applications to create multi-layer and multi-level concepts. Furthermore, and to satisfy the different required features by industries, the approach considers a multi-perspective concept that allows the separation of the digital twin views based on functionality. This paradigm aims at providing a modular, scalable, reusable, interoperable and composable approach for developing digital twins. Then, an implementation of the approach has been introduced using an ontology-based system and the IEC61499 standard. This implementation has been demonstrated on a discrete manufacturing assembly line.
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Vincent, Michael, Doug Mitchell, Jason Wright, Yap Weng Foong, Alan Magnus, Zhiwei (Tony) Gong, Scott Hayes, and Navjot Chhabra. "3D RCP Package Stacking: Side Connect, An Emerging Technology for System Integration and Volumetric Efficiency." International Symposium on Microelectronics 2013, no. 1 (January 1, 2013): 000447–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.4071/isom-2013-wa14.
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Fan-out wafer level packaging (FO-WLP) has shifted from standard single die, single sided package to more advanced packages for System-in-Package (SiP) and 3D applications. Freescale's FO-WLP, Redistributed Chip Package (RCP), has enabled Freescale to create novel SiP solutions not possible in more traditional packaging technologies or Systems-on-Chip (SoC). Simple SiP's using two dimensional (2D), multi-die RCP solutions have resulted in significant package size reduction and improved system performance through shortened traces when compared to discretely packaged die or substrate based multi-chip module (MCM). More complex 3D SiP solutions allow for even greater volumetric efficiency of the packaging space. 3D RCP is a flexible approach to 3D packaging with complexity ranging from Package-on-Package (PoP) type solutions to systems including ten or more multi-sourced die with associated peripheral components. Perhaps the most significant SiP capability of the RCP technology is the opportunity for heterogeneous integration. The combination of various system elements including, but not limited to SMD's, CMOS, GaAs, MEMS, imaging sensors or IPD's gives system designers the capability to generate novel systems and solutions which can then enable new products for customers. To enable this ever increasing system integration and volumetric efficiency, novel technologies have been developed to utilize the full package space. Technologies such as through package via (TPV) and double sided redistribution are currently proving successful. For this discussion, an emerging technology for 3D RCP package stacking that can further enhance design flexibility and system performance is presented. This technology, package side connect, utilizes the vertical sides of packages and stacked packages to capture a normally unused piece of package real-estate. Mechanical and electrical characterization of successful side connects will be presented as well as reliability results of test vehicle packages using RCP packaging technology.
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Govaerts, Bram, Christine Negra, Tania Carolina Camacho Villa, Xiomara Chavez Suarez, Anabell Diaz Espinosa, Simon Fonteyne, Andrea Gardeazabal, et al. "One CGIAR and the Integrated Agri-food Systems Initiative: From short-termism to transformation of the world’s food systems." PLOS ONE 16, no. 6 (June 4, 2021): e0252832. http://dx.doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0252832.
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Agri-food systems are besieged by malnutrition, yield gaps, and climate vulnerability, but integrated, research-based responses in public policy, agricultural, value chains, and finance are constrained by short-termism and zero sum thinking. As they respond to current and emerging agri-food system challenges, decision makers need new tools that steer toward multi-sector, evidence-based collaboration. To support national agri-food system policy processes, the Integrated Agri-food System Initiative (IASI) methodology was developed and validated through case studies in Mexico and Colombia. This holistic, multi-sector methodology builds on diverse existing data resources and leverages situation analysis, modeled predictions, and scenarios to synchronize public and private action at the national level toward sustainable, equitable, and inclusive agri-food systems. Culminating in collectively agreed strategies and multi-partner tactical plans, the IASI methodology enabled a multi-level systems approach by mobilizing design thinking to foster mindset shifts and stakeholder consensus on sustainable and scalable innovations that respond to real-time dynamics in complex agri-food systems. To build capacity for these types of integrated, context-specific approaches, greater investment is needed in supportive international institutions that function as trusted in-region ‘innovation brokers.’ This paper calls for a structured global network to advance adaptation and evolution of essential tools like the IASI methodology in support of the One CGIAR mandate and in service of positive agri-food systems transformation.
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de Man, Reinier, and Tom R. Burns. "Sustainability: Supply chains, partner linkages, and new forms of self-regulation." Human Systems Management 25, no. 1 (March 6, 2006): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/hsm-2006-25101.
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This paper outlines a multi-level approach to sustainable business development. It builds on the notion that contemporary production systems are extensive, increasingly global in their reach. National government regulation is not feasible in many cases. Attempts to nationally regulate against non-sustainable production and business practices may even result in World Trade Organization (WTO) action against improper trade barriers. And, obviously, there is no international government with proper legislative and regulatory powers. Starting with the concept of supply chain, we describe and analyze the emerging practice of forming business partnerships for sustainability. The conceptualization is illustrated with a number of current examples. Problems and potentialities are discussed briefly in a concluding discussion.
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Chen, Hsiao-Chi, and Chia-Han Yang. "A Multi-Criterion Analysis of Cross-Strait Co-Opetitive Strategy in the Crystalline Silicon Solar Cell Industry." Mathematical Problems in Engineering 2014 (2014): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/687942.
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The research adopts multi-criterion analysis to face cross-strait cooperative and competitive (co-opetitive) strategies problem in the crystalline silicon solar cell industry between Taiwan and China. The analysis framework is based on the national competitiveness. The Analytical Hierarchy Process (AHP) approach and TOPSIS analysis are applied to analyze firm-level data, gathered from the solar cell companies across the Taiwan Strait. For the Taiwanese firms, their relative national competitiveness lies in technology development, domestic market, international competition in related industries, and subsidy policy. For the Chinese firms, domestic market, procurement conditions, customization, intellectual resources, risk capital, and human quality are found to be their competitive advantages. Both China and Taiwan have entered into the emerging solar cell industry, with an aim to climb beyond the ladder of catch up. The results have shown that Taiwan and China can explore the possibility of forging strategic alliances by exploiting national competitiveness on the demand side. Above all, the paper has managed to spotlight demand conditions as the crucial factors for China and Taiwan to enhance their international competitiveness in the emerging solar cell industry.
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Zhang, Zhaoxi, Prince Michael Amegbor, and Clive Eric Sabel. "The Feasibility of Integrating Wearable Cameras and Health Trackers for Measuring Personal Exposure to Urban Features." International Journal of E-Planning Research 11, no. 1 (January 1, 2022): 1–21. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/ijepr.313181.
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Built environment factors such as greenery, walkability, and crowd density are related to physical activity and mental health. New emerging wearable sensors provide an opportunity to objectively monitor human exposure to street-level urban features. However, very few studies have demonstrated how to objectively measure the association between the built environment, human emotions, and health. This pilot study proposes a new approach that employs a FrontRow wearable lifestyle camera, a GPS tracker, and an Empatica 4 wristband as a sensor package to track individuals during their everyday activities. Machine-learning methods are adopted to extract urban features. For this study, volunteers were asked to conduct a self-led city tour in Roskilde, Denmark, while using the wearable sensors. Study results demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed approach and the potential for using integrated, multi-sourced data in the study of urban health.
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Su, Yu-Shan, Zong-Xi Zheng, and Jin Chen. "A multi-platform collaboration innovation ecosystem: the case of China." Management Decision 56, no. 1 (January 8, 2018): 125–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/md-04-2017-0386.
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Purpose Innovation ecosystem is an emerging and popular concept in both academic and industrial circles. It offers a new perspective for enterprise strategy positioning. A business can create more value through a healthy innovation ecosystem. The paper aims to discuss these issues. Design/methodology/approach In this paper, the authors utilize a new triple-layer core-periphery framework to analyze Insigma Group’s multi-platform collaboration innovation ecosystem, in order to explore the architecture and heterogeneous functions inside an innovation ecosystem. Findings The authors illustrate the components and working mechanisms of the four platforms, which function as ideation, entrepreneurship, financing and investment, and innovation, inside Insigma’s innovation ecosystem in detail, and explain how they interact and collaborate toward a shared aim of the whole innovation ecosystem. Research limitations/implications The innovation ecosystem is an emerging concept. In this study, the authors combined two existing analytical frameworks of innovation ecosystem, and proposed a triple-layer core-periphery framework, which enable us to analyze the heterogeneity inside an innovation ecosystem. Practical implications The authors discussed the role of government and its policies in shaping the innovation ecosystem at the enterprise level. Originality/value The authors believe that this paper provides a holistic study of Insigma’s innovation ecosystem. The triple-layer core-periphery framework can be used to study other enterprise innovation ecosystem in the future.
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Keelson, Benyameen, Luca Buzzatti, Jakub Ceranka, Adrián Gutiérrez, Simone Battista, Thierry Scheerlinck, Gert Van Gompel, et al. "Automated Motion Analysis of Bony Joint Structures from Dynamic Computer Tomography Images: A Multi-Atlas Approach." Diagnostics 11, no. 11 (November 7, 2021): 2062. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/diagnostics11112062.
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Dynamic computer tomography (CT) is an emerging modality to analyze in-vivo joint kinematics at the bone level, but it requires manual bone segmentation and, in some instances, landmark identification. The objective of this study is to present an automated workflow for the assessment of three-dimensional in vivo joint kinematics from dynamic musculoskeletal CT images. The proposed method relies on a multi-atlas, multi-label segmentation and landmark propagation framework to extract bony structures and detect anatomical landmarks on the CT dataset. The segmented structures serve as regions of interest for the subsequent motion estimation across the dynamic sequence. The landmarks are propagated across the dynamic sequence for the construction of bone embedded reference frames from which kinematic parameters are estimated. We applied our workflow on dynamic CT images obtained from 15 healthy subjects on two different joints: thumb base (n = 5) and knee (n = 10). The proposed method resulted in segmentation accuracies of 0.90 ± 0.01 for the thumb dataset and 0.94 ± 0.02 for the knee as measured by the Dice score coefficient. In terms of motion estimation, mean differences in cardan angles between the automated algorithm and manual segmentation, and landmark identification performed by an expert were below 1°. Intraclass correlation (ICC) between cardan angles from the algorithm and results from expert manual landmarks ranged from 0.72 to 0.99 for all joints across all axes. The proposed automated method resulted in reproducible and reliable measurements, enabling the assessment of joint kinematics using 4DCT in clinical routine.
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Behrens, Liza, Kiernan Riley, Marie Boltz, Ann Kolanowski, and Kimberly Van Haitsma. "Facilitators and Barriers to Implementation of the EIT-4-BPSD Intervention." Innovation in Aging 5, Supplement_1 (December 1, 2021): 154. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igab046.591.
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Abstract This study aimed to explore the perceptions of stakeholders (site champions, administrators, and front-line, social service, and activity staff) regarding the EIT-4-BPSD implementation strategy, including its utility, and the barriers and facilitators to implementation in real-world settings. A process evaluation included qualitative data from focus groups conducted with 93 stakeholders of 21 nursing homes (NHs) that implemented the EIT-4-BPSD strategy. Data were analyzed using a conventional content analysis. Emerging codes were sorted into categories then organized in meaningful clusters based on the domains of the RE-AIM framework. Challenges, facilitators, and contextual factors explain variability in implementation of EIT-4-BPSD strategy among NHs in six key categories: multi-stakeholder engagement, multi-level outcomes, process adaptations, uptake and utility of EIT resources, adoption barriers and facilitators, and future planning. Overall, stakeholders reported that the EIT-4-BPSD strategy can be successfully implemented in NHs and is helpful in improving staffs’ approach to BPSD.