Academic literature on the topic 'Emerging multi-level approach'
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Journal articles on the topic "Emerging multi-level approach"
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Shukla, Samiksha, D. K. Mishra, and Kapil Tiwari. "Performance Enhancement of Soap Via Multi Level Caching." Mapana - Journal of Sciences 9, no. 2 (November 30, 2010): 47–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.12723/mjs.17.6.
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Due to complex infrastructure of web application response time for different service request by client requires significantly larger time. Simple Object Access Protocol (SOAP) is a recent and emerging technology in the field of web services, which aims at replacing traditional methods of remote communications. Basic aim of designing SOAP was to increase interoperability among broad range of programs and environment, SOAP allows applications from different languages, installed on different platforms to communicate with each other over the network. Web services demand security, high performance and extensibility. SOAP provides various benefits for interoperability but we need to pay price of performance degradation and security for that. This formulates SOAP a poor preference for high performance web services. In this paper we present a new approach by enabling multi-level caching at client side as well as server side. Reference describes implementation based on the Apache Java SOAP client, which gives radically enhanced performance.
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Peel, Jacqueline, Lee Godden, and Rodney J. Keenan. "Climate Change Law in an Era of Multi-Level Governance." Transnational Environmental Law 1, no. 2 (May 16, 2012): 245–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s2047102512000052.
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AbstractAs international negotiations struggle to deliver timely, binding commitments to reduce greenhouse gas emissions to safe levels, the environmental legal community has begun to contemplate the scope for climate governance ‘beyond’ the international climate change regime. Many see merit in a more decentralized, disaggregated approach, operating across multiple governance levels. This article examines the development of climate change law in an era of multi-level governance. It analyzes several case studies of current manifestations of multi-level governance in climate change law, including the fragmented global emissions trading system, developing arrangements governing forests and land-based sinks, the growth of climate litigation establishing transnational liability principles, efforts to ensure adaptation to unavoidable climate change, and the emergence in federal systems of a decentralized approach to climate change regulation. The article concludes by considering whether the emerging multi-level system of climate governance is adequate to meet broader international goals of climate change mitigation and adaptation.
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Liu, Clark, Ben Zhe Wang, Huanhuan Wang, and Ji Zhang. "What drives fluctuations in exchange rate growth in emerging markets – A multi-level dynamic factor approach." Economic Systems 43, no. 2 (June 2019): 100696. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ecosys.2019.100696.
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Lanz, Margherita, Angela Sorgente, and Sharon M. Danes. "Implicit Family Financial Socialization and Emerging Adults’ Financial Well-Being: A Multi-Informant Approach." Emerging Adulthood 8, no. 6 (October 3, 2019): 443–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/2167696819876752.
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This study’s purpose is to investigate how implicit family financial socialization (family communication quality and family economic enmeshment) influences emerging adults’ objective and subjective financial well-being mediated by the degree to which the emerging adult child adopts their parents as financial role model. Using a multi-informant approach, structural equation model family-level analyses were conducted based on responses from mothers, fathers, and emerging adults in 160 Italian families. Results indicate that family communication quality has an indirect, positive effect on subjective financial well-being through adoption of parents as a financial role model. Family economic enmeshment has a direct, negative effect on the emerging adult’s personal income not received from their parents. A direct, positive relationship was found between adoption of parents as financial role models and economic dependence on parents.
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Morris, Jonathan. "Water sustainability in the brewing industry: a stakeholder based approach." Die Unternehmung 74, no. 3 (2020): 245–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.5771/0042-059x-2020-3-245.
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This research explores the experiences of companies operating in the brewing industry, a water intensive industry, and in particular the responses to stakeholder pressures which drive actions towards social and environmental responsibility. This paper examines the stakeholder pressures facing brewing companies at a multi-national level, which are compared and contrasted to those felt at a regional and local level across the United Kingdom. The findings reveal that typical pro-environmentally responsible behaviour relating to water is focused around water consumption and the cleaning and sterilisation of equipment but there are increasing regulatory pressures as well as emerging economic and environmental opportunities which are driving a more holistic approach to stakeholder engagement. The findings from a study of 10 brewing firms in the UK and 5 multi-national firms demonstrates the stakeholder pressures and organisational incentives which shape sustainability activity and the development of resource capacities at an industrial level, as well as the drivers for firm-level response to water threats.
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Dalmoro, Marlon, Diego Costa Pinto, Márcia Maurer Herter, and Walter Nique. "Traditionscapes in emerging markets." International Journal of Emerging Markets 15, no. 6 (March 13, 2020): 1105–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1108/ijoem-04-2019-0270.
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PurposeThis research aims to develop and test the traditionscapes framework in which consumers appropriate local traditions as a resource to foster cultural identity in emerging markets.Design/methodology/approachA multi-level research approach with qualitative (n = 38) and quantitative data (n = 600) was employed in the context of gaucho traditions in the southern part of Brazil (Rio Grande do Sul state).FindingsThe findings indicate that traditionscapes operate in a fluid process that engenders local culture attachment into tradition value through the consumer identification process. Traditionscapes build a sense of local cultural attachment that functions as a source of social, cultural, and local identification. Findings also support our three-stage traditionscapes framework, emphasizing the identification process that depends on consumers' global culture resistance.Originality/valueThis research provides a novel viewpoint to the well-established relationship between tradition and globalization in consumption studies. We contribute to this debate by shifting the discussion to the fluid process of traditionscapes in which tradition value is engendered through consumer appropriation and identification with local traditions, even in a globalized context. Although recent research suggests that global culture can disrupt local traditions, traditionscapes operate as an extended perspective that coexists with other global cultural flows.
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Bhatia, Max, Vikrant Sharma, Parminder Singh, and Mehedi Masud. "Multi-Level P2P Traffic Classification Using Heuristic and Statistical-Based Techniques: A Hybrid Approach." Symmetry 12, no. 12 (December 20, 2020): 2117. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/sym12122117.
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Peer-to-peer (P2P) applications have been popular among users for more than a decade. They consume a lot of network bandwidth, due to the fact that network administrators face several issues such as congestion, security, managing resources, etc. Hence, its accurate classification will allow them to maintain a Quality of Service for various applications. Conventional classification techniques, i.e., port-based and payload-based techniques alone, have proved ineffective in accurately classifying P2P traffic as they possess significant limitations. As new P2P applications keep emerging and existing applications change their communication patterns, a single classification approach may not be sufficient to classify P2P traffic with high accuracy. Therefore, a multi-level P2P traffic classification technique is proposed in this paper, which utilizes the benefits of both heuristic and statistical-based techniques. By analyzing the behavior of various P2P applications, some heuristic rules have been proposed to classify P2P traffic. The traffic which remains unclassified as P2P undergoes further analysis, where statistical-features of traffic are used with the C4.5 decision tree for P2P classification. The proposed technique classifies P2P traffic with high accuracy (i.e., 98.30%), works with both TCP and UDP traffic, and is not affected even if the traffic is encrypted.
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Berga, Irisa. "DEVELOPING COLLOCATIONAL AND PHONOLOGICAL COMPETENCES OF EMERGING TEACHERS OF ENGLISH AS A FOREIGN LANGUAGE THROUGH COGNITIVE APPROACH TO PROCESSING MULTI-WORD UNITS." SOCIETY, INTEGRATION, EDUCATION. Proceedings of the International Scientific Conference 1 (July 24, 2015): 42. http://dx.doi.org/10.17770/sie2014vol1.741.
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<p>This paper addresses unresolved issues in the acquisition, processing and use of multi-word units which account for the learner’s idiomatic, natural language. The aim of the study is to argue for an analytic instructional approach to developing the trainee teacher’s collocational and phonological competences through the medium of the native language employing a set of didactic and linguistic techniques like etymological, phonological, structural, lexical and semantic dissection of multi-word units. Research results imply that analytic processing of multi-word units relate moderately to the enhancement of the learner’s collocational and phonological competences though relations between formal instruction and the language proficiency level may be partly obscured by the probable exposure of the learner to multi-word units in informal settings.<strong></strong></p>
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Pan, Xiaohui, Yi Liu, Fan Meng, Shuai Xiang, Hang Zhou, and Guang Chen. "A multi-level representation learning method for the classification with emerging new classes on power event monitoring data." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 2232, no. 1 (May 1, 2022): 012008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/2232/1/012008.
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Abstract For the classification problem of power event monitoring data, manual rules are mainly used to recognize the known classes of events, and new classes of events cannot be extracted by using existing manual rules. But new classes may emerge with the upgrading of power equipment and traditional representation of this time series data is not proper for the task. To solve this issue, we introduce an effective approach that includes three parts: i) embed the raw object of power event in semantic space ii) learn the representation of power event with multi-level. iii) detect new classes, classify old classes, and update models to classify both new classes and old classes. Experiments on real power event monitoring dataset demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms the state-of-the-art methods.
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Suslov, Victor I., Vitalii S. Kostin, Evgeny Yu Ivanov, Naimjon M. Ibragimov, Tatyana S. Novikova, and Alexandr A. Tsyplakov. "Current issues in the development of multi-agent decision support systems at the sub-federal level." World of Economics and Management 20, no. 3 (2020): 5–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.25205/2542-0429-2020-20-3-5-26.
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The article reveals the problems which may arise in the development of multi-agent information systems for modeling regional economy (MASMRE) based on geographic information and agent-based approaches to modeling economic space as well as to studying and forecasting the specifics of emerging spatial systems and the ways these systems may occur. MASMRE proposes an organizational system and open source tools to implement modern digital technologies and also an agent-based approach to modeling the regional economy, which helps to sustain innovative momentum for scientific and scientific-technical interaction, conduct joint research in remote access by providing accessible services, modules and algorithms, and allows the local governments, businesses and non-profit organizations to plan and monitor various projects implemented in a particular territory.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Emerging multi-level approach"
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DE, FELICE BEATRICE. "MULTI-LEVEL TOXICITY ASSESSMENT OF DIFFERENT EMERGING CONTAMINANTS TOWARDS AQUATIC AND TERRESTRIAL MODEL ORGANISMS." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/2434/822571.
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In recent years, emerging contaminants have attracted the attention of scientific community because of their occurrence and potential hazard towards natural ecosystems. Among emerging contaminants, three major classes of molecules can be identified: pharmaceuticals and personal care products (PPCPs), illicit drugs and microplastics (MPs). After anthropic use, these contaminants enter the environment through several routes, such as the sewage systems or direct input, resulting in a widespread contamination of atmosphere, water, soil and biota. Although the presence of these molecules is well-known, there is still a dearth of information regarding their potential negative effects induced towards aquatic and terrestrial non-target organisms. The majority of the studies on this topic have focused on the investigation of effects at low levels of the biological hierarchy, while limited attention has been addressed to the higher ones, such as individual, population or community level. Whilst PPCPs toxicity has been investigated for more than two decades, only in recent years ecotoxicologist focused their attention on the presence and the potential effects of illicit drugs and microplastics. Thus, the aim of this project was to investigate the effects induced by the exposure to different illicit drugs and microplastics. As in environment these contaminants could interact with a wide range of organisms, resulting in species-specific differential effects at different levels of biological organization, their effects have been investigated on six different model organisms, representative for freshwaters (Daphnia magna and Xenopus laevis), marine (Mytilus gallopovincialis, Ruditapes philippinarum and Paracentrotus lividus) and soil (Achatina reticulata) ecosystems. To reach the goal of the project, a multi-level approach based on the application of assays at sub-individual (i.e., biochemical biomarkers), tissue (i.e., histological analysis), individual (i.e., mortality, growth rate and/or swimming behavior) and, when possible, population level (i.e., reproduction) was used.
Regarding illicit drugs, different experiments were planned to evaluate the effects induced by the exposure to the two most used and environmentally detected illicit stimulants, cocaine (COC) and methamphetamine (METH), to the freshwater cladoceran Daphnia magna. Moreover, considering that illicit drugs occur in aquatic ecosystems as complex mixtures, an additional experiment was planned to evaluate independent and combined effects induced by the exposure to cocaine and its main metabolite benzoylecgonine (BE), towards the Mediterranean mussel Mytilus galloprovincialis. The exposure to environmentally relevant concentrations of COC and METH induced a modulation of the oxidative status, as well as a molecule-specific effect on swimming behavior and reproduction, in D. magna. Similarly, the exposure to COC and BE, both independently and in mixture, induced an alteration of the oxidative status of Mediterranean mussels. These data suggested that illicit drugs might represent a threat for both freshwaters and marine non-target organisms.
Regarding microplastics, the attention was focused on two polymers, polystyrene (PS) and polyethylene terephthalate (PET), having different chemico-physical features and environmental fate. In fact, because of its low density, PS tends to float in the water column, while in contrast high-density PET sinks and accumulates to sediments. For this reason, the administration of PS or PET MPs allowed to investigate the toxicity towards organisms with different feeding strategies and ecological role in ecosystems. The effects of regular PS-MPs were evaluated towards two freshwater organisms, namely the cladoceran Daphnia magna and the amphibian Xenopus laevis, Moreover, considering that in environment irregular shaped MPs are most common than regular ones, three experiment were planned to investigate the effects of irregular shaped PET-MPs towards two marineorganisms, the Manila clam Ruditapes philippinatum and the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus, and a soil organism, the giant snail Achatina reticulata. The results obtained in these experiments showed that MPs were efficiently ingested by all the tested organisms, but no or limited adverse effects occurred, depending on the considered model organism.
In conclusion, illicit drugs and microplastics can induce different species-specific adverse effects towards aquatic and terrestrial organisms. Moreover, the project pointed out the usefulness of using a multi-level approach to deeply study the toxicity of emerging pollutants. The integration of information coming from sub-individual and higher levels of the biological hierarchy can allow to shed a light on the propagation of the effects and to explore the complexity of contaminant-induced toxicity. Lastly, the use of different model organisms with different life-history traits and ecological role can allow to explore species-specific differences generated by the exposure to contaminants and to assess the risk of a specific class of contaminations towards the whole ecosystem.
Books on the topic "Emerging multi-level approach"
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Rivadossi, Silvia. Sciamani urbani. Venice: Fondazione Università Ca’ Foscari, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.30687/978-88-6969-414-1.
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What does it mean to be a ‘shaman’ in present-day Tokyo today? In what way(s) is the role of the shamanic practitioner represented at a popular level? Are certain characteristics emphasised and others downplayed? This book offers an answer to these questions through the analysis of a specific discourse on shamans that emerged in the Japanese metropolitan context between the late 20th century and the first decade of the 21st century, a discourse that the more ‘traditional’ approaches to the study on shamanism do not take into account. In order to better contextualise this specific discourse, the volume opens with a brief historical account of the formation of the academic discourse on shamans. Within the theoretical framework offered by critical discourse analysis and by means of multi-sited ethnographic research, it then weaves together different case studies: three novels by Taguchi Randy, a manga, a TV series and the case of an urban shaman who is mostly active in Tokyo. The main elements emerging from these case studies are explored by situating them in the precise historical and social context within which the discourse has been developed. This shows that the new discourse analysed shares several characteristics with the more ‘traditional’ and accepted discourses on shamanism, while at the same time differing in certain respects. In this work, particular attention is given to how the category and term ‘shaman’ is defined, used and re-negotiated in the Japanese metropolitan context. Through this approach, the book aims to further problematize the categories of ‘shaman’ and ‘shamanism’, by highlighting certain aspects that are not yet accepted by many scholars, even though they constitute a discourse that is relevant and effective.
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Pinson, Gilles. The French Way to Multi-Level Governance. Edited by Robert Elgie, Emiliano Grossman, and Amy G. Mazur. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199669691.013.6.
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Originally emerging from the field of EU studies, the notion and approach of multi-level governance (MLG) have progressively been transferred to a variety of other subfields. This chapter argues that three particularities characterize the way in which French political scientists have dealt with governance and MLG. First, the notion of governance has not had great success since the existing notion of government has long been used in a sociological and relational way to describe processes and outcomes rather than merely executive institutions. Second, French scholars who adopted the notion quickly departed from the early definition of governance as opposed to government, institutions, or coercion. Third, the use of governance and MLG helped to consolidate a French way of doing political science that was based on a reluctance toward theoretical hastiness, a sensitivity to varieties of situations and processes in time and space, and a shared constructivist stance.
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Lachapelle, Guy, and Pablo Oñate, eds. Borders and Margins. Verlag Barbara Budrich, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.3224/84742025.
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The theory and concept of multi-level governance (MLG) is a fairly recent one, emerging from the deepening integration of the European Union in the early 1990s and the development of free trade agreements around the world. MLG enlarges the traditional approaches, namely those of neo-institutionalism and multinational federalism, by offering a better understanding of the role of the state, regions and provinces. The book analyses the changes that have taken place as well as those that might take place in the future.
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Cottier, Thomas. Technology and the Law of International Trade Regulation. Edited by Roger Brownsword, Eloise Scotford, and Karen Yeung. Oxford University Press, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oxfordhb/9780199680832.013.63.
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With regards to global trade, where new technologies impact both on what is traded and how, this chapter sketches the current regulatory landscape and projects the implications of emerging technologies for future regulatory approaches. While the regulation of technology mainly rests with domestic law, it is international trade law that addresses problems of regulatory diversity, overcomes unnecessary barriers to international trade and investment, and articulates common standards. Apart from general principles of non-discrimination and transparency, technology is particularly addressed by rules of intellectual property protection and by technical regulations and standards for industrial and nutritional products. For international trade law to respond to the challenges of legitimacy and democratic accountability, there need to be new approaches to regulatory cooperation and coherence, operating within a proper framework of multi-level governance that harnesses the process of globalization which is much driven by technological advances.
Book chapters on the topic "Emerging multi-level approach"
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Monyo, Emmanuel S., Essegbemon Akpo, Chris O. Ojiewo, and Rajeev K. Varshney. "A Cross-Case Analysis of Innovation Platform Experiences in Seven Countries in West and East Africa and South Asia." In Enhancing Smallholder Farmers' Access to Seed of Improved Legume Varieties Through Multi-stakeholder Platforms, 185–97. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-15-8014-7_13.
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AbstractThe Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation (BMGF) funded Tropical Legumes (TL III) project was implemented in seven sub-Saharan Africa countries (Burkina Faso, Ghana, Mali, Nigeria, Ethiopia, Tanzania, and Uganda) and South Asia (India). Shortage of seed of improved varieties has been identified as the greatest hindrance to farmer adoption of new agricultural technologies developed through this project. This chapter compares the different approaches followed by different countries in the establishment of Multi-Stakeholder Platforms (MSPs) for supply of improved legume seed to farmers. Achievements from this initiative are mixed and multi-dimensional. The details herein provide the reader with insights on the level of success of innovation platforms in the different countries and implications for agricultural technology dissemination to smallholder farmers. Key achievements include strengthened linkages among various legume seed value chain actors, participation of several cadres of seed producers in a decentralized system resulting into significant increase in the production of certified and quality declared seed of legumes, and rapid adoption and use of newly released varieties by smallholder farmers. As for those areas where the initiative did not produce the desired results, it is a testament that unless a well thought-out inclusive and comprehensive approach which defines the critical roles of each player in the value chain is developed, current seed shortages will continue, eroding emerging market opportunities and good intentions of development partners. The reader is directed to individual chapters for details of the process followed by each country/crop in the establishment of MSPs, their composition, key achievements, challenges, and lessons for overall improvement of the national legume seed systems.
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Hassan, Muhammad Jawad, Muhammad Faheem, and Sabba Mehmood. "Emerging OMICS and Genetic Disease." In Omics Technologies for Clinical Diagnosis and Gene Therapy: Medical Applications in Human Genetics, 93–113. BENTHAM SCIENCE PUBLISHERS, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/9789815079517122010010.
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Multiomics also described as integrative omics is an analytical approach that combines data from multiple ‘omics’ approaches including genomics, transcriptomics, proteomics, metabolomics, epigenomics, metagenomics and Meta transcriptomics to answer the complex biological processes involved in rare genetic disorders. This omics approach is particularly helpful since it identifies biomarkers of disease progression and treatment progress by collective characterization and quantification of pools of biological molecules within and among the various types of cells to better understand and categorize the Mendelian and non- Mendelian forms of rare diseases. As compared to studies of a single omics type, multi-omics offers the opportunity to understand the flow of information that underlies the disease. A range of omics software and databases, for example WikiPathways, MixOmics, MONGKIE, GalaxyP, GalaxyM, CrossPlatform Commander, and iCluster are used for multi-omics data exploration and integration in rare disease analysis. Recent advances in the field of genetics and translational research have opened new treatment avenues for patients. The innovation in the next generation sequencing and RNA sequencing has improved the ability from diagnostics to detection of molecular alterations like gene mutations in specific disease types. In this chapter, we provide an overview of such omics technologies and focus on methods for their integration across multiple omics layers. The scrupulous understanding of rare genetic disorders and their treatment at the molecular level led to the concept of a personalized approach, which is one of the most significant advancements in modern research which enable researchers to better comprehend the flow of knowledge which underpins genetic diseases.
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Moses, Joshua, and Rob Whitley. "Public mental health and anthropology." In Oxford Textbook of Public Mental Health, edited by Dinesh Bhugra, Kamaldeep Bhui, Samuel Y. S. Wong, and Stephen E. Gilman, 59–64. Oxford University Press, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/med/9780198792994.003.0007.
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This chapter charts the contributions of anthropology to public mental health. It examines three main traditions in anthropological practice: (i) individual-level approaches, investigating mental health beliefs, behaviours, and illness narratives; (ii) meso-level approaches, assessing the provision, nature, and practice of mental health care systems; and (iii) macro-level approaches, examining the mental health impact of societal structures, including political and economic structures. It emphasizes the importance of moving among different levels of analysis. The chapter also provides case study material on suicide in the Arctic. The chapter concludes by discussing climate change and other emerging public mental health challenges, suggesting a multi-scale, interdisciplinary ecological approach.
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Sudeikat, Jan, and Wolfgang Renz. "Building Complex Adaptive Systems." In Applications of Complex Adaptive Systems, 229–56. IGI Global, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-59904-962-5.ch009.
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Agent Oriented Software-Engineering (AOSE) proposes the design of distributed software systems as collections of autonomous and pro-active actors, so-called agents. Since software applications results from agent interplay in Multi-Agent Systems (MAS), this design approach facilitates the construction of software applications that exhibit self-organizing and emergent dynamics. In this chapter, we examine the relation between self-organizing MAS and Complex Adaptive Systems (CAS), highlighting the resulting challenges for engineering approaches. We argue that AOSE developers need to be aware of the possible causes of complex system dynamics, which result from underlying feedback loops. In this respect current approaches to develop SO-MAS are analyzed, leading to a novel classification scheme of typically applied computational techniques. To relieve development efforts and bridge the gap between top-down engineering and bottom-up emerging phenomena, we discuss how multi-level analysis, so-called mesoscopic modeling, can be used to comprehend MAS dynamics and guide agent design, respectively iterative redesign.
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Jamil, George Leal. "Perspectives for Interdisciplinary Methodological Approaches for Technology Research in Healthcare." In Advances in Data Mining and Database Management, 164–83. IGI Global, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-8011-0.ch009.
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In this chapter, the author aim to approach new ways to understand how emerging technologies can better be applied in organizational contexts. For this purpose, collaborative methodological approaches were addressed—multi, inter, and transdisciplinary paradigms—aiming to promote a better level both of comprehension and adoption of technologies, paying special attention to the healthcare sector and to the One Health initiative, just defined as an interdisciplinary front. As an overall goal for the chapter, the adoption of those methodological principles is advised to the reader, enabling a better understanding of those technologies and their way to be effectively implemented.
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Murugesan, Janaranjani, Ajithkumar Balakrishnan, Premkumar Kumpati, and Hemamalini Vedagiri. "Cellular Functions of ER Chaperones in Regulating Protein Misfolding and Aggregation: An Emerging Therapeutic Approach for Preeclampsia." In Preeclampsia. IntechOpen, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.101271.
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Proteinuria is one of the hallmarks of preeclampsia (PE) that differentiates other hypertensive disorders of pregnancy. Protein misfolding and aggregation is an emerging pathological condition underlying many chronic metabolic diseases and neurodegenerative diseases. Recent studies indicate protein aggregation as an emerging biomarker of preeclampsia, wherein several proteins are aggregated and dysregulated in the body fluids of preeclamptic women, provoking the multi-systemic clinical manifestations of the disease. At the cellular level, these misfolded and aggregated proteins are potentially toxic interfering with the normal physiological process, eliciting the unfolded protein response (UPR) pathway activators in the endoplasmic reticulum (ER) that subsequently augments the ER quality control systems to remove these aberrant proteins. ER resident chaperones, folding enzymes and other proteins serve as part of the ER quality control machinery in restoring nascent protein folding. These ER chaperones are crucial for ER function aiding in native protein folding, maintaining calcium homeostasis, as sensors of ER stress and also as immune modulators. Consequently, ER chaperones seems to be involved in many cellular processes, yet the association is expanding to be explored. Understanding the role and mechanism of ER chaperones in regulating protein misfolding and aggregation would provide new avenues for therapeutic intervention as well as for the development of new diagnostic approaches.
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Denham, Magdalena, and Scott Vautrain. "Preparing for Refugee Exodus in Crisis." In Handbook of Research on Environmental Policies for Emergency Management and Public Safety, 166–88. IGI Global, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-3194-4.ch009.
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Using macro-, exo-, meso-, and micro-level framework for assessing interdependencies in crisis management system in Poland, this chapter addresses expansion of planning and preparedness to novel hazards and threats such as precipitated mass movements of populations due to environmental changes. The Ukrainian refugee crisis served as backdrop for Poland's crisis management system testing. Benefits of planning and preparedness for mass displacements highlighted (a) an emerging all-hazard approach to crisis management, (b) proactive threat identification and assessment, (c) issuance of acts, laws, and regulations based on novel threats, (d) comprehensive multi-jurisdictional exercises, and (e) increasing importance of mutual aid agreements.
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Denham, Magdalena, and Scott Vautrain. "Preparing for Refugee Exodus in Crisis." In Immigration and the Current Social, Political, and Economic Climate, 579–601. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6918-3.ch032.
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Using macro-, exo-, meso-, and micro-level framework for assessing interdependencies in crisis management system in Poland, this chapter addresses expansion of planning and preparedness to novel hazards and threats such as precipitated mass movements of populations due to environmental changes. The Ukrainian refugee crisis served as backdrop for Poland's crisis management system testing. Benefits of planning and preparedness for mass displacements highlighted (a) an emerging all-hazard approach to crisis management, (b) proactive threat identification and assessment, (c) issuance of acts, laws, and regulations based on novel threats, (d) comprehensive multi-jurisdictional exercises, and (e) increasing importance of mutual aid agreements.
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Denham, Magdalena, and Scott Vautrain. "Preparing for Refugee Exodus in Crisis." In Emergency and Disaster Management, 415–37. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6195-8.ch019.
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Using macro-, exo-, meso-, and micro-level framework for assessing interdependencies in crisis management system in Poland, this chapter addresses expansion of planning and preparedness to novel hazards and threats such as precipitated mass movements of populations due to environmental changes. The Ukrainian refugee crisis served as backdrop for Poland's crisis management system testing. Benefits of planning and preparedness for mass displacements highlighted (a) an emerging all-hazard approach to crisis management, (b) proactive threat identification and assessment, (c) issuance of acts, laws, and regulations based on novel threats, (d) comprehensive multi-jurisdictional exercises, and (e) increasing importance of mutual aid agreements.
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Muza, Olivia. "The Electrification-Appliance Uptake Gap: Assessing the Off-Grid Appliance Market in Rwanda Using the Multi-Tier Framework." In Sustainable Energy Investment - Technical, Market and Policy Innovations to Address Risk. IntechOpen, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.93883.
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The structure of the electricity system includes universal access to electricity that is adequate, available, reliable, affordable, legal, convenient, healthy, and safe and the efficient (inefficient) use of the electricity. Quality of access also influences clean energy technologies and electrical appliance purchase, ownership, use and perceived value (uptake, hereafter). Also, improved uptake assists in closing systemic gaps between rural and urban areas and grid and off-grid communities. Rwanda is projected to attain full electrification by 2024 (inclusive of all sectors: consumptive, productive and services). In this context, the East African country has articulated support mechanisms for off-grid market players through technical assessments and siting incentives. However, studies that focus on characterising diffusion and uptake of clean energy technologies and electrical appliances in mini-grid sites (market) are crucial to understand the emerging trends in off-grid rural electrification. This chapter contributes to this emerging discourse by proposing a four-fold demand side characterisation approach which (i) conducts a systemic review of literature to identify emerging off-grid themes as they relate to the multi-tier framework (MTF) and vice-versa, (ii) uses existing data to characterise the off-grid market (based on a typical village load), (iii) demonstrates the tariff regime changes using two payment methodologies (willingness to pay (WTP) and ability to pay (ATP)) and (iv) projects the 2024–2032 consumptive energy demand (using a simplified relation between appliance, it’s rating and duration of use). Results of this characterisation demonstrate global and local level (glo-cal) literature gaps meriting a localised MTF assessment. The purpose of the localised assessment reported in this Chapter was therefore to understand appliance uptake gaps at the user level. The typical village load is basic (implying low energy demand). Ceteris paribus, higher WTP and ATP by users yield higher tariffs. However, a high ATP is a business sustainability determinant than a high WTP. Because energy consumption is also dependent on how efficiently it is used by those with access, the Chapter discusses appliance efficiency as a partial definition of sustainable energy and also as an example of sustainable energy. Then, demand stimulation pathways addressing wider systemic opportunities at the intersection of the theory of change and the theory of agency and risk reduction in markets, investments and policy (derisking markets, investments and policy) are discussed. The first pathway focuses on women and youth participation in productive use activities. The second pathway highlights strategies for appliance financing such as cost-sharing and micro-credit. The final pathway considers economic activity stimulation which has multiplier effects on energy demand and consequently energy-using appliances uptake. The implications for Sustainable Citizens and markets, investments and policy innovations are contextualised in the Sustainable Energy Utility business model.
Conference papers on the topic "Emerging multi-level approach"
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Schafer, Carson, Richard Parks, and Rahul Rai. "Design for Emerging Bottom of the Pyramid Markets: A Product Service System (PSS) Based Approach." In ASME 2011 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. ASMEDC, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2011-47744.
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Multi billion people exist at the bottom of the global economic pyramid (BOP). Increased consumer demand and enormous volume has helped turn these BOP into emerging markets with substantial profit potential. Current approaches for designing product and service solutions for BOP markets are ad-hoc in nature. Product Service Systems (PSS), products intertwined with services, can be highly adaptable to these emerging markets and provide an unique framework for designing solutions in the emerging BOP markets. This paper systematically approaches the problem of designing customized PSSs for emerging markets. The approach is based on results of an empirical study of multiple cases of existing successful products and services designed for BOP markets. As part of the study various cases are analyzed and high level principles for designing PSSs are derived from the empirical data. The utility of the approach is demonstrated through the conceptual design of a healthcare PSS for emerging markets.
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Rao, Haocong, Shihao Xu, Xiping Hu, Jun Cheng, and Bin Hu. "Multi-Level Graph Encoding with Structural-Collaborative Relation Learning for Skeleton-Based Person Re-Identification." In Thirtieth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-21}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2021/135.
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Skeleton-based person re-identification (Re-ID) is an emerging open topic providing great value for safety-critical applications. Existing methods typically extract hand-crafted features or model skeleton dynamics from the trajectory of body joints, while they rarely explore valuable relation information contained in body structure or motion. To fully explore body relations, we construct graphs to model human skeletons from different levels, and for the first time propose a Multi-level Graph encoding approach with Structural-Collaborative Relation learning (MG-SCR) to encode discriminative graph features for person Re-ID. Specifically, considering that structurally-connected body components are highly correlated in a skeleton, we first propose a multi-head structural relation layer to learn different relations of neighbor body-component nodes in graphs, which helps aggregate key correlative features for effective node representations. Second, inspired by the fact that body-component collaboration in walking usually carries recognizable patterns, we propose a cross-level collaborative relation layer to infer collaboration between different level components, so as to capture more discriminative skeleton graph features. Finally, to enhance graph dynamics encoding, we propose a novel self-supervised sparse sequential prediction task for model pre-training, which facilitates encoding high-level graph semantics for person Re-ID. MG-SCR outperforms state-of-the-art skeleton-based methods, and it achieves superior performance to many multi-modal methods that utilize extra RGB or depth features. Our codes are available at https://github.com/Kali-Hac/MG-SCR.
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Hoefler, C., S. Braun, R. Koch, and H. J. Bauer. "Modeling Spray Formation in Gas Turbines: A New Meshless Approach." In ASME Turbo Expo 2012: Turbine Technical Conference and Exposition. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/gt2012-68489.
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A new meshless Lagrangian particle code has been developed in order to tackle the challenging numerical modeling of primary atomization. In doing so the correct treatment and representation of the interfacial physics are crucial prerequisites. Grid based codes using interface tracking or interface capturing techniques, such as the Volume of Fluid or Level Set method, exhibit some difficulties regarding mass conservation, curvature capturing and interface diffusion. The objective of this work is to overcome these shortcomings of common state-of-the-art grid based FVM approaches. Our multi-dimensional meshless particle code is based on the Smoothed Particle Hydrodynamics method [1] [2]. Various test cases have been conducted, by which the capability of accurately capturing the physics of single and multiphase flows is verified and the future potential of this approach is demonstrated. Compressible as well as incompresssible fluids can be modeled. Surface tension effects are taken into account by two different models, one of them being more suitable for free surface flows and the other for simulating multiphase flows. Solid walls as well as periodic boundary conditions offer a broad variety of numerically modeling technical applications. In a first step, single phase calculations of shear driven liquid flows have been carried out. Furthermore, the disintegration of a gravity driven liquid jet emerging from a generic nozzle has been investigated in free surface simulations. The typical formation of a meniscus due to surface tension is observed. Spray formation is qualitatively in good agreement compared to experiments. Surface tension effects have been taken into account via the cohesive force model. Finally, the results of a two-phase simulation with a fluid density ratio of 1000, which is similar to a fuel-air fluid system as in airblast atomizers, are presented. The surface minimization and pressure jump across the droplet interface due to surface tension can be predicted accurately. The test cases conducted so far demonstrate the accuracy of the existing code and underline the promising potential of this new method for successfully predicting primary atomization.
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Ibrahim, ElFadl Z., Mariam A. Al Hendi, Abdulla Al-Qamzi, Nasser A. Ballaith, Maha A. Al Naqbi, Bahir Al Azawi, Omar I. Al Hammadi, Ian Traboulay, Muzahidin Muhamed Salim, and Rashi Dewan. "Collaborative Working Environment CWE Strategy: An Enterprise Approach to Operational Excellence." In Abu Dhabi International Petroleum Exhibition & Conference. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/207731-ms.
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Abstract Collaborative Working Environments (CWE) are a business solution that improve the quality and speed of decision making by enriching the collaboration between teams and individuals, which results in tangible business benefits. The advantages of working in a collaborative environment are well understood in the organization and the concept is widely embraced throughout the petroleum industry. CWEs provide seamless communication between disciplines and between teams in different locations. Traditionally, they have been used to connect staff in remote locations to teams in the headquarters, allowing real time monitoring of the health of the field, and fast decision making on operational issues and short to medium term optimization opportunities. The main goal is to be quickly alerted to events and make smarter, faster decisions using key capabilities available to the company with access to all relevant knowledge, data and analytical tools required to reach a decision. But this drive to make smarter, faster decisions is applicable to all levels of a company. In fact, it becomes increasingly important as more complex decisions are required at higher levels, which can be influenced by interpreted data, personal opinions and perceptions. In line with strategic objective of digital transformation, a national oil company (NOC) has extensive plans to develop asset specific CWEs and enterprise level CWEs. These will be centralized collaboration facilities to provide more rigorous, effective, and consistent surveillance & optimization to help reduce deferment costs and inefficiencies and accelerate decision-making with a measurable business value to enhance HSE, Reservoir, Drilling, Well and Production system performance through emerging digital innovation. All these centers shall be equipped to receive real time and episodic data and perform exception-based surveillance through trending, analysis, and condition diagnosis. All these CWE Centers shall enable decision making with efficient multi-disciplinary collaboration to address business challenges and increase the efficiency of day-to-day operations. They will have clear roles and responsibilities serving as an integral element of the value realization across the assets. The paper will describe the enterprise CWE strategy, key technical considerations, methodology and standards that have been set up to achieve the ultimate objective of the organization to maximize oil field recovery, eliminating non-productive time, enhancing HSE aspects and increasing profitability through the deployment of these various centers.
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Rao, Haocong, Siqi Wang, Xiping Hu, Mingkui Tan, Huang Da, Jun Cheng, and Bin Hu. "Self-Supervised Gait Encoding with Locality-Aware Attention for Person Re-Identification." In Twenty-Ninth International Joint Conference on Artificial Intelligence and Seventeenth Pacific Rim International Conference on Artificial Intelligence {IJCAI-PRICAI-20}. California: International Joint Conferences on Artificial Intelligence Organization, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.24963/ijcai.2020/125.
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Gait-based person re-identification (Re-ID) is valuable for safety-critical applications, and using only 3D skeleton data to extract discriminative gait features for person Re-ID is an emerging open topic. Existing methods either adopt hand-crafted features or learn gait features by traditional supervised learning paradigms. Unlike previous methods, we for the first time propose a generic gait encoding approach that can utilize unlabeled skeleton data to learn gait representations in a self-supervised manner. Specifically, we first propose to introduce self-supervision by learning to reconstruct input skeleton sequences in reverse order, which facilitates learning richer high-level semantics and better gait representations. Second, inspired by the fact that motion's continuity endows temporally adjacent skeletons with higher correlations (“locality”), we propose a locality-aware attention mechanism that encourages learning larger attention weights for temporally adjacent skeletons when reconstructing current skeleton, so as to learn locality when encoding gait. Finally, we propose Attention-based Gait Encodings (AGEs), which are built using context vectors learned by locality-aware attention, as final gait representations. AGEs are directly utilized to realize effective person Re-ID. Our approach typically improves existing skeleton-based methods by 10-20% Rank-1 accuracy, and it achieves comparable or even superior performance to multi-modal methods with extra RGB or depth information.
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Stosic, Zoran V., and Vladimir D. Stevanovic. "Multiphasing CFD." In 10th International Conference on Nuclear Engineering. ASMEDC, 2002. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/icone10-22205.
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Computational fluid dynamics for multiphase flows is an emerging field. Due to the complexity and divergence of multiphase thermal and hydraulic problems, further development of multiphase flow modelling, closure laws and numerical methods is needed in order to achieve the general purpose and optimised CFD (Computational Fluid Dynamics) methods, which will be applicable to the wide variety of multiphase flow problems. In the paper, an original approach to the various aspects of multiphase CFD modelling is presented. It is based on the multi-fluid modelling approach, development of necessary closure laws and derivation of appropriate numerical methods for efficient governing equations solution. Velocity and pressure fields are solved with the SIMPLE (Semi-Implicit Method for Pressure-Linked Equations) type pressure-corrector method developed for the multiphase flow conditions. For the solution of scalar parameters transport equations both implicit and explicit methods are presented. The implicit method is suitable for steady state, slow transients and problems without the sharp fronts propagation. Explicit method is developed in order to predict scalar parameters fronts propagation, as well as phase interface tracking problems. The challenge towards the multiphase flow solution on both the macro and micro level is presented in order to perform multiphase CFD simulations and analyses of multiphase flows in complex geometry of nuclear power plant components, such as nuclear fuel rod bundles thermal-hydraulics. Presented methodology and obtained CFD results comprise micro-scale phenomena of phases’ separation, interface tracking, heated surfaces dry-out and critical heat flux occurrence, as well as macro-scale transport and distributions of phase volumes.
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Tongkum, Tossapol, Khamawat Siritheerasas, Feras Abu Jafar, Chulakorn Yosakrai, and Ali Abbasgholipour. "Remote Operations and Digital Transformation: A Solution for Business Continuity During Covid-19 Pandemic." In Offshore Technology Conference Asia. OTC, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4043/31336-ms.
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Abstract Mubadala Petroleum conducts a fast-paced drilling program in the Gulf of Thailand, where rapid response resolutions are often required. This paper demonstrates the Remote Operation (RO) approach, which is an integrated approach comprised of people, software, network, and technology to transform operations, and moves analytical activities to safer office-based environments (Figure 1). The approach provides a high level of performance, leveraging global domain expertise, real-time collaboration, data visualization techniques, and intelligent planning within the restrictive context of the COVID-19 pandemic. Figure 1 Remote Operation relevant function RO is the ability to operate a system at a distance. This is an adopted innovation and technology in the oil and gas industry, which is a completely new way of working. The principal concept for introducing the RO approach was to reduce the Personnel on Board (POB) and the HSE exposure, which was particularly relevant during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. The approach relied on leading-edge digital technology, as the RO was required to handle real-time directional drilling (DD), measurements, and logging while drilling (MLWD). During the implementation, the crew was trained in multi-skilling related to the DD/MLWD function, while working with the necessity of digital technology. Digital transformation is emerging as a driver of sweeping change in the world around us. Today, the Oil and Gas industry has redefined its boundaries through automation and digitalization. The potential benefits of going digital are clear, including increased productivity, safer operations, and significant cost savings. This exercise, it allowed us to reduce the POB on-site by 40% while maintaining both drilling efficiency and service quality. The drilling data can be monitored in real-time. The Remote Operation Center (ROC) has the capacity to execution and montor directional drilling, formation evaluation, programming, and dumping data from various tools. An experienced crew were assigned to the RO team ensuring competencies and familiarity with drilling operation in specific field characterization. This transformation supported our business continuity objectives by reducing the number of people traveling offshore during the COVID-19 pandemic while allowing us to achieve all our drilling performance objectives. In this new environment, following the turmoil of pandemics, this exercise indicates an opportunity to make fundamental improvements to the way business is conducted using the Remote Operations approach. RO takes a significant step towards the future for highly traditional industry. Preparing the industry toward the future may prove to be the most important outcome of the application of RO during the COVID-19 pandemic. The application of RO during the COVID pandemic has confirmed the possibility of more permanent improvements and increased resilience against future pandemics and other challenging events, as well as a new and more effective way of working during normal times.
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Odonkor, Philip, Zachary Ball, and Souma Chowdhury. "A Distributed Intelligence Approach to Using Collaborating Unmanned Aerial Vehicles for Oil Spill Mapping." In ASME 2017 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2017. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2017-68320.
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From swarming locusts to schools of fish, the complex emergent behaviors exhibited by multi-agent swarm systems in nature present a compelling basis for their application towards real-world challenges. This paper capitalizes on this potential by proposing a swarm-intelligence inspired approach towards mapping complex offshore oil spills — one that uses a collaborating team of small (inexpensive) unmanned aerial vehicles. By leveraging the idea of occupancy grids, a new probability map concept is developed to enable agent-level situational awareness, while significantly reducing computing overheads (image data to intelligence generation in <1 sec) and communication overheads (< 1.7 KB of average data sharing across the swarm agents). The probability map is further exploited for waypoint planning using the principles of swarm dynamics and a rule-based reasoning approach to allow for dynamic preference shifts towards map exploitation and exploration. Detection of oil is performed by using a generalizable concept of anomaly detection that is derived from a color-based segmentation approach. Two simulated case studies, derived from actual oil spill images, are presented with results highlighting the strengths of the proposed approach.
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Humann, James, and Yan Jin. "Evolutionary Design of Cellular Self-Organizing Systems." In ASME 2013 International Design Engineering Technical Conferences and Computers and Information in Engineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/detc2013-12485.
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In this paper, a genetic algorithm (GA) is used to discover interaction rules for a cellular self-organizing (CSO) system. The CSO system is a group of autonomous, independent agents that perform tasks through self-organization without any central controller. The agents have a local neighborhood of sensing and react only to other agents within this neighborhood. Their interaction rules are a simple set of direction vectors based on a flocking model. The five local interaction rules are assigned relative weights, and the agents self-organize to display some emergent behavior at the system level. The engineering challenge is to identify which sets of local rules will cause certain desired global behaviors. The global required behaviors of the system, such as flocking or exploration, are translated into a fitness function that can be evaluated at the end of a multi-agent based simulation run. The GA works by tuning the relative weights of the local interaction rules so that the desired global behavior emerges, judged by the fitness function. The GA approach is shown to be successful in tuning the weights of these interaction rules on simulated CSO systems, and, in some cases, the GA actually evolved qualitatively different local interaction “strategies” that displayed equivalent emergent capabilities.
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Aughenbaugh, Jason M., and Christiaan J. J. Paredis. "The Role and Limitations of Modeling and Simulation in Systems Design." In ASME 2004 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. ASMEDC, 2004. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/imece2004-59813.
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To design today’s complex, multi-disciplinary systems, designers need a design method that allows them to systematically decompose a complex design problem into simpler sub-problems. Systems engineering provides such a framework. In an iterative, hierarchical fashion systems are decomposed into subsystems and requirements are allocated to these subsystems based on estimates of their attributes. In this paper, we investigate the role and limitations of modeling and simulation in this process of system decomposition and requirements flowdown. We first identify different levels of complexity in the estimation of system attributes, ranging from simple aggregation to complex emergent behavior. We also identify the main obstacles to the systems engineering decomposition approach: identifying coupling at the appropriate level of abstraction and characterizing and processing uncertainty. The main contributions of this paper are to identify these short-comings, present the role of modeling and simulation in overcoming these shortcomings, and discuss research directions for addressing these issues and expanding the role of modeling and simulation in the future.
Reports on the topic "Emerging multi-level approach"
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Motel-Klingebiel, Andreas, and Gerhard Naegele. Exclusion and inequality in late working life in the political context of the EU. Linköping University Electronic Press, November 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.3384/9789179293215.
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European societies need to increase the participation in work over the life course to support the provision of qualified labour and to meet the challenges for social security systems under the condition of their ageing populations. One of the key ambitions is to extend people’s working lives and to postpone labour market exit and retirement where possible. This requires informed policies, and the research programme EIWO – ‘Exclusion and Inequality in Late Working Life: Evidence for Policy Innovation towards Inclusive Extended Work and Sustainable Working Conditions in Sweden and Europe’ – aims to push the boundaries of knowledge about late working life and the potential of its inclusive and equal prolongation via a theoretically driven, gender-sensitive combination of multi-level perspectives. EIWO takes a life course approach on exclusion and inequality by security of tenure, quality of work, workplaces, and their consequences. It identifies life course policies, promoting lifelong learning processes and flexible adaptation to prolong working lives and to avoid increased exclusion and inequality. Moreover, it provides evidence for policies to ensure both individual, company and societal benefits from longer lives. To do so, EIWO orientates its analyses systematically to the macro-political contexts at the European Union level and to the policy goals expressed in the respective official statements, reports and plans. This report systematizes this ambitious approach. Relevant documents such as reports, green books and other publications of the European Commission (EC), the European Parliament (EP), the Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD), as well as those of social partners and research institutions, have been systematically scanned and evaluated. In addition, relevant decisions of European summits have been considered. The selection of documents claims completeness regarding relevant and generally available publication, while relevance is defined from the point of view of EIWO’s interests. It is the aim of this report to provide a sound knowledge base for EIWO’s analyses and impact strategies and to contribute to the emerging research on the connection between population ageing and the European policies towards productivity, inclusiveness, equity, resilience and sustainability. This report aims to answer the following questions: How are EIWO’s conceptual classification and programme objectives reflected in the European Union’s policy programming? How can EIWO’s analyses and impact benefit from a reference to current EU policy considerations, and how does this focus support the outline of policy options and the formulating of possible proposals to Swedish and European stakeholders? The present report was written during early 2022; analyses were finalized in February 2022 and represent the status until this date.
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Bergsen, Pepijn, Carolina Caeiro, Harriet Moynihan, Marianne Schneider-Petsinger, and Isabella Wilkinson. Digital trade and digital technical standards. Royal Institute of International Affairs, January 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.55317/9781784135133.
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There is increasing impetus for stronger cooperation between the US, EU and UK on digital technology governance. Drivers of this trend include the economic incentives arising from opportunities for digital trade; the ambition for digital technology governance to be underpinned by shared values, including support for a democratic, open and global internet; and the need to respond to geopolitical competition, especially from China. Two specific areas of governance in which there is concrete potential to collaborate, and in which policymakers have indicated significant ambitions to do so, are digital trade and digital technical standards. - To leverage strategic opportunities for digital trade, the US, EU and UK need to continue identifying and promoting principles based on shared values and agendas, and demonstrate joint leadership at the global level, including in the World Trade Organization (WTO) on e-commerce. - Policy actors in the US, EU and UK should work individually and collectively to build on the latest generation of digital trade agreements. This will help to promote closer alignment on digital rules and standards, and support the establishment of more up-to-date models for innovation and governance. - Collaborating on digital technical standards, particularly those underlying internet governance and emerging technologies, offers the US, EU and UK strategic opportunities to build a vision of digital technology governance rooted in multi-stakeholder participation and democratic values. This can provide a strong alternative to standards proposals such as China’s ‘New IP’ system. - Policy actors should seek to expand strategic cooperation on standards development among the US, EU and UK, among like-minded countries, and among states that are undecided on the direction of their technology governance, including in the Global South. They should also take practical steps to incorporate the views and expertise of the technology industry, the broader private sector, academia and civil society. By promoting best-practice governance models that are anticipatory, dynamic and flexible, transatlantic efforts for cooperation on digital regulation can better account for the rapid pace of technological change. Early evidence of this more forward-looking approach is emerging through the EU’s proposed regulation of digital services and artificial intelligence (AI), and in the UK’s proposed legislation to tackle online harms. The recently launched EU-US Trade and Technology Council is a particularly valuable platform for strengthening cooperation in this arena. But transatlantic efforts to promote a model of digital governance predicated on democratic values would stand an even greater chance of success if the council’s work were more connected to efforts by the UK and other leading democracies