Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'EMERGING CHALLENGES'
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Law, Yuet-wing, and 羅越榮. "Investigation models for emerging computer forensic challenges." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2011. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B46971324.
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Greene, Owen. "Small arms research: Dynamics and emerging challenges." Routledge, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/5846.
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Oyeniya, Atinuke Adebisi. "Certification challenges for emerging technologies in aviation." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2018. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/118532.
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Thesis: S.M. in Engineering and Management, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, System Design and Management Program, 2018.Cataloged from PDF version of thesis.
Includes bibliographical references (pages 70-72).
Over the last decade the aerospace industry has seen a shift in traditional architectures of an aircraft. The desire for aircraft to be lighter, more efficient, quieter, faster, and cheaper has driven trends across the industry. These trends look for ways to accomplish what many other industries such as automotive have done which is a complete transformation of the "normal." The shift has created an advanced architecture for aircraft and therefore requires a new view on certification. The traditional approach for certification is pretty straightforward since majority of aircraft have been the same over several years with minor changes in sub level aircraft systems. Aircraft manufacturers in combination with suppliers develop concepts for new or improved aircraft, requirements are outlined and implemented based on aviation authority regulations, and eventually the aircraft receives a certificate declaring the safety of the aircraft design and production. In fairness, the traditional standard approach to aircraft certification has worked. Aircraft are safer than ever and data shows a sharp decline in aviation accidents over the years. However, with changes in technology what use to be the "normal" architecture is changing significantly and the desire for the industry to be more agile both play a role in the need to view certification slightly different. The main objective of certification has been, is, and will always be safety. This thesis proposes a framework on how to approach certification of new technologies. Perhaps the two most important elements in the framework are the proposal of a threshold utilizing the technology infusion effort equation to gage the significance of a change in architecture and the proactive safety analysis utilizing a new kind of technique called STPA. The framework is developed based on an in-depth outline of the traditional certification process and a review of the historical development of safety regulations. Two parts of the proposed framework are then applied and analyzed based on the more electric aircraft concept.
by Atinuke Adebisi Oyeniya.
S.M. in Engineering and Management
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Camacho, Edward C. "Emerging Micronesian island nations : challenges for United States policy /." Thesis, Monterey, Calif. : Springfield, Va. : Naval Postgraduate School ; Available from National Technical Information Service, 1995. http://handle.dtic.mil/100.2/ADA302960.
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Ben, Mahmoud Mohamed Slim. "Addressing Security Challenges in Emerging Data-based Aeronautical Communications." Thesis, Toulouse, INSA, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012ISAT0006/document.
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Ce travail de thèse s'intéresse à la sécurité des futures communications aéronautiques de donnée. Le travail est divisé en trois grandes parties. La première contribution est une architecture de sécurité adaptative pour les communications aéronautiques intégrant un segment sol-bord par satellite. Un module de gestion de la sécurité a été conçu, développé, puis validé lors de la phase finale d'intégration du projet FAST (Fibre-like Aircraft Satellite Communications). La deuxième contribution est une méthodologie quantitative d'estimation du risque lié à la sécurité réseau. L'originalité de notre approche est d'être basée sur la notion de propagation du risque au sein des différents noeuds du réseau. Commecas d'étude, un réseau de communication aéroportuaire utilisant le protocole AeroMACS a été étudié dans le cadre du projet SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research). La troisième contribution est une infrastructure à clés publiques (PKI) qui permet d'optimiser les échanges de signalisation (échanges de clés, certificats, vérification des signatures) entre l'avion et l'autorité de certification au sol. Le modèle de PKI proposé est un modèle hiérarchique utilisant la certification croisée entre les autorités de certification mèresThis research work deals with the information and network security in the aeronautical communication domain. Three fundamental research axes are explored. First, a quantitative network security risk assessment methodology is proposed. Our approach is based on the risk propagation within the network nodes. As study cases, the algorithm has been validated in the scope of the European industrial project entitled SESAR (Single European Sky ATM Research) and the Aerospace Valley FAST (Fibrelike Aircraft Satellite Communications). Particularly, experimental results relative to the case study devoted to the FAST project shown that the global network risk in the non secured system architecture is relatively high, meaning the system needs more consideration from a security point of view. To cope with this issue, an adaptive security management framework for a satellite-based aeronauticalcommunication architecture has been proposed as a second contribution. A security manager module has been designed, implemented, then tested in the scope of the FAST project. Finally, as the security primitives used in the adaptive security management framework need to be efficiently exchanged, the last contribution consists in a scalable PKI adapted for the upcoming network-enabled aircraft. The idea is to minimize the air-ground additional overhead induced by the security procedures (keys, digital certificates, revocation/verification procedures). The PKI model we propose is a cross-certified multirooted hierarchical model
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Ragni, Matteo. "Intelligent Manufacturing - Engaging Industry 4.0 Challenges through Emerging Technologies." Doctoral thesis, Università degli studi di Trento, 2018. https://hdl.handle.net/11572/367948.
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The Industry 4.0 challenge is to exploit the synergy of different technologies in order to achieve the results required by its specifications. This chapter presents: (a) the state of the art in Augmented Reality applied to industrial engineering and manufacturing machines, (b) insights on the implementation of optimal feed-rate interpolation for computer numerical control machine tools, (c) an application of knowledge-based techniques such as computer algebra systems in the implementation of solvers for optimal control problems, and (d) challenges in the application of artificial neural networks to the massive amount of unlabeled data available in the industrial practice. It is shown how these topics, wich may appear as distant one from each other, play a central and correlated role in the Industry 4.0.
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Ragni, Matteo. "Intelligent Manufacturing - Engaging Industry 4.0 Challenges through Emerging Technologies." Doctoral thesis, University of Trento, 2018. http://eprints-phd.biblio.unitn.it/2951/1/wrapper.pdf.
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The Industry 4.0 challenge is to exploit the synergy of different technologies in order to achieve the results required by its specifications. This chapter presents: (a) the state of the art in Augmented Reality applied to industrial engineering and manufacturing machines, (b) insights on the implementation of optimal feed-rate interpolation for computer numerical control machine tools, (c) an application of knowledge-based techniques such as computer algebra systems in the implementation of solvers for optimal control problems, and (d) challenges in the application of artificial neural networks to the massive amount of unlabeled data available in the industrial practice. It is shown how these topics, wich may appear as distant one from each other, play a central and correlated role in the Industry 4.0.
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GUCCIARDO, Michele. "Challenges and opportunities in emerging high-density wireless networks." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Palermo, 2020. http://hdl.handle.net/10447/396244.
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Nazir, Saman. "Cesarean Section Delivery and Exclusive Breastfeeding in Pakistan: Emerging Challenges." Thesis, University of North Texas, 2019. https://digital.library.unt.edu/ark:/67531/metadc1538712/.
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This research examined two interrelated issues relevant to maternal and neonatal health in Pakistan, namely, the rising rates of C-section delivery and low rates of exclusive breastfeeding. By using the Andersen's health behavioral model to frame two empirical studies, the data from the Pakistan Demographic and Health Survey (PDHS) 2012-13 was used. The first empirical study examined the correlation between place of delivery and the odds of cesarean section in Pakistan. Not all Pakistani women have an equal chance of delivering at a health facility where C-section delivery takes place; therefore, the study modeled mode of delivery as a two-step process. In the first step, place of delivery was a function of medical indications and various sociodemographic and community factors. Women who delivered at a health facility were included in the second step, where C-section was a function of medical indications and type of facility (private, public). It is found that women who delivered at a private health facility were more likely to have a C-section, even after controlling for the effects of medical/clinical factors, which is concerning. Findings suggest that the private maternal health sector in Pakistan may be over-medicalizing childbirth. The second study examined this paradox of low exclusive breastfeeding in Pakistan, taking into account not only individual-level characteristics of the child and parents, but also place and mode of delivery, sociocultural factors, and community composition. The sample consisted of 1,044 children 0-5 months old, currently living with their mothers. Binary logistic regressions of exclusive and predominant breastfeeding found women who delivered vaginally, whether at home or health care facility were more likely than mothers who delivered via C-section to predominantly breastfeed their infant, and that mothers who delivered vaginally at a health care facility were more likely than their peers who delivered via C-section to exclusively breastfeed their infants. Collectively, the findings of both empirical studies suggest that private maternal health care services in Pakistan may be facilitating medically unnecessary C-sections, either for profit making or time management. An extended and integrated policy regarding medically unnecessary C-section delivery and low rates of exclusive breastfeeding is needed in Pakistan to address both issues together effectively.
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Labanow, Cory E. "The challenges of reconstruction : a congregational study of an emerging church." Thesis, University of Aberdeen, 2006. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.430408.
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This thesis is an exercise in practical theology using the mutually critical correlation model of inquiry. It is performed through the vehicle of a congregational study utilizing the tools of ethnography in studying one local church, Jacobsfield Vineyard. It seeks to understand the complexities of this congregation as it attempts to reconstruct its identity in relation to evangelicalism, the Vineyard organization, a post-Christian cultural settings, and, most notably, the nascent movement known as “the emerging church”. Through participant observation, a demographic survey, and semi-structured interviews with congregants, the researcher identified the central themes of differentiation from evangelicalism, safety through honesty and openness, space for personal and spiritual growth and maturity, and experimentation in communicating with the surrounding culture as those motifs which best characterized Jacobsfield Vineyard’s situation. A central theology question related to the need for appropriate “reconstruction-criteria” which results in relevance to those inside and outside this church community is posed as a representation of these forces. Finally, the thesis steps back for practical theological reflection concerning how these themes and questions from the congregational study may be transformational for other ecclesial contexts and guide further inquiry for pertinent theological disciplines.
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Ochieng, Irene Achieng, and Simbarashe Takawira. "Internationalization Challenges of Sharing Economy Firms: An Emerging African Markets Perspective." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2020. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-96343.
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There has been an increase in research on the internationalization of sharing economy firms. However most of this research has largely focused on mature markets. Very little attention has been given to the internationalization of sharing economy firms in emerging markets particularly those from Africa. The African continent is different from mature markets and the internationalization challenges of sharing economy firms are therefore dissimilar. This study seeks to fill the existing knowledge gap by exploring the internationalization challenges faced by sharing economy firms from an emerging African market perspective. We also seek to understand the internationalization process of African sharing economy firms. Finally we seek to provide solutions on how African sharing economy firms can manage the challenges they face. This research was conducted using qualitative case studies of eight companies. Two have internationalized within and beyond Africa. Four have internationalized within Africa while two are yet to internationalize. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with founders and operations managers of the different sharing economy firms. The empirical findings show that African sharecoms can internationalize in a unique internationalization sequence, which starts with gradual internationalization to a “foreign gateway market” followed by rapid internationalization to other foreign markets. The study identified funding as the greatest challenge faced by African sharing economy firms while low adoption rates and mindset were the dominant psychic distance obstacles. The study also revealed that in Africa, technology is solely not enough by itself and extra effort needs to be undertaken to ensure successful internationalization of sharing economy firms. The research concluded that regulatory challenges are industry-specific rather than targeting sharing economy firms. Further, networks were an important combining factor facilitating the internationalization process and overcoming some challenges.
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Jones, Shelley Kathleen. "Secondary schooling for girls in rural Uganda: challenges, opportunities and emerging identities." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/279.
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This dissertation represents a year-long (August 2004-August 2005) ethnographic case study of 15 adolescent schoolgirls attending a secondary school in a poor, rural area of Masaka District, Uganda which explores the challenges, opportunities and potential for future identities that were associated with secondary level education. This study includes an extensive analysis of the degree to which the global objective of gender equity in education, prioritized in UNESCO’s Education For All initiative as well as the United Nations’ Millennium Development Goals, is promoted and/or achieved in the National Strategy for Girls’ Education in Uganda (NSGE). I consider various ideological understandings of international development in general as well as development theory specifically related to gender, and I draw on the Capabilities Approach (as developed by Amartya Sen and Martha Nussbaum) and Imagined Communities and Identities (Benedict Anderson, Bonny Norton) to interpret my findings. My research reveals that girls’ educational opportunities are constrained by many “unfreedoms” (Sen, 1999), such as extreme poverty, sexual vulnerability and gender discrimination, that are deeply and extensively rooted in cultural, historical, and socioeconomic circumstances and contexts, and that these unfreedoms are not adequately addressed in international and national policies and programme objectives. I propose several recommendations for change, including: a safe and secure “girls’ space” at school; mentorship roles and programmes; counselors; comprehensive sexual health education and free and easy access to birth control and disease prevention products, and sanitary materials; regular opportunities for dialogue with male students; employment opportunities; closer community/school ties; and professional development opportunities for teachers.
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Hägnemark, Johan, and Monika Vilkelyte. "Relationship between entrepreneurs and policy – driven networks : Motives, expectations and emerging challenges." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-110671.
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Background: The importance of supportive business networks has been widely acknowledged in the field of entrepreneurship. Due to the success of informal business networks, the same networking concept is frequently encouraged and applied by regional political authorities. However, when duplicating a certain networking approach in different settings, it is important to address motives and expectations of network actors and be aware of potentially arising threats. Purpose of the study: The purpose of the Master Thesis is to explore and broaden the understanding of the relationship between the two actors: entrepreneurs and policy-driven networks. The Master Thesis aims to provide a theoretical contribution to the field of entrepreneurship in identifying and describing main motives and expectations of both actors, when engaging in a mutual relationship. However, the Thesis will focus on a single actor’s perspective and the main emphasis of the research will be placed on a set of entrepreneurs and their behavior within the analyzed policy-driven network. Ultimately, main emerging challenges between the two actors will be identified and analyzed, as well as appropriate guidance to address it will be provided. Methodological framework: The qualitative research approach was chosen for the conducted study. A multiple case study was completed in the form eight semi- structured interviews with the anagerial levels of the analyzed policy-driven network and local entrepreneurs. Completion and findings: The conducted study reveals that it is a great challenge to implement a certain networking approach in a diverse context. The provided frameworks of entrepreneurship, networking and social embeddedness indicate that, when establishing a policy-driven network a considerable amount of attention should be devoted to main network actors – regional entrepreneurs.
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Merrill, Stephen Austin. "College Radio Survivability: Emerging Business Models and the Challenges of Technological Convergence." Bowling Green, Ohio : Bowling Green State University, 2008. http://rave.ohiolink.edu/etdc/view?acc%5Fnum=bgsu1223612938.
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Yuspeh, Emmy. "Havelock in India as an Emerging SCUBA Diving Destination : Challenges and Opportunities." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Kulturgeografiska institutionen, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-387616.
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This qualitative field study is conducted on the Andaman Islands in India and focuses on the sustainable destination development and SCUBA diving tourism. The island in focus, Havelock, is an emerging tourist destination and an international airport is scheduled to open in the Andamans in 2021. The topic is approached through observation and interviews with people involved with the SCUBA diving industry, selected informants, and diving tourists. Different scales that operate with the island’s development - global, national, regional and local - are investigated. Global warming poses a threat to the coral reefs that is the main resource for tourism at the location and the longterm residents’ education in the subject is absent. The communication between state and nation is a problem as laws are passed without participation or awareness from the local community which makes it difficult for businessowners to invest. Furthermore, diver motivation and satisfaction are investigated. The main motivation of beginner level diving tourists from India are not educated in how the underwater world looks like, but are motivated to see what they already know through movies like “Finding Nemo”. The study reveals that a degraded coral reef does not affect diver satisfaction where the divers are not educated in how a healthy reef looks like. The local Marine Protected Area - Rani Jhansi Marine National Park - is in 2019 funded by the government and there are currently no entrance fees for diving tourists. However, this has been proved successful in other destinations. The Marine Protected Area is perceived as positive by the local SCUBA industry, but it is not interacting with its regulation and governing.
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Huff, Patrick D. "China Study| Emerging Challenges in Social Security, Health Care, and Leadership| Volume I." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13807532.
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China is poised to introduce sweeping innovation and disruptive social change onto their national stage. As China’s leadership, economic power, and authority increase the country will be subject to increasing internal and external challenges. This study seeks to identify the significant internal social challenges China is most likely to confront along its path to global leadership. The purpose is to explore and discover the social challenges that are likely to face China and to predict the direction the country’s leadership will take over the next decade. The study approaches the problem by undertaking an initial 9-step process of investigating 6 environmental categories as influencers or drivers of change. This approach utilizes Schmieder and Mallette’s SPELIT Matrix Model; Saldana’s Themeing and Coding technique; and, Turoff’s Real-time Policy Delphi Method to identify these influential environmental categories and factors. The study then focuses on examining cultural ideologies, leadership, and organizational behavior as they converge to influence China’s social priorities. This study’s design and approach places emphasis on developing an extensive background and investigation into China’s historic, present, and future leadership ideologies as they are likely to drive the country’s social security and health care reforms. As a means of identifying critical themes and determining a valid focus, the study combines complex algorithmic analysis with a relevant Policy Delphi study to discover and confirm a set of valid policy reform predictions. This study assumes that China’s future challenges will be shaped by the country’s global growth, internal social environmental, transitioning ethnological, and intercultural ideologies as it shifts to a position of global superiority. This study’s findings and recommendations are significant in the context of assisting leaders, scholars, and analysts frame a subsequent narrative toward shaping policy decisions by addressing China’s present and future internal tensions due to a social security and health care crisis.
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Huff, Patrick D. "China Study| Emerging Challenges in Social Security, Health Care, and Leadership| Volume II." Thesis, Pepperdine University, 2019. http://pqdtopen.proquest.com/#viewpdf?dispub=13812642.
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China is poised to introduce sweeping innovation and disruptive social change onto their national stage. As China’s leadership, economic power, and authority increase the country will be subject to increasing internal and external challenges. This study seeks to identify the significant internal social challenges China is most likely to confront along its path to global leadership. The purpose is to explore and discover the social challenges that are likely to face China and to predict the direction the country’s leadership will take over the next decade. The study approaches the problem by undertaking an initial 9-step process of investigating 6 environmental categories as influencers or drivers of change. This approach utilizes Schmieder and Mallette’s SPELIT Matrix Model; Saldana’s Themeing and Coding technique; and, Turoff’s Real-time Policy Delphi Method to identify these influential environmental categories and factors. The study then focuses on examining cultural ideologies, leadership, and organizational behavior as they converge to influence China’s social priorities. This study’s design and approach places emphasis on developing an extensive background and investigation into China’s historic, present, and future leadership ideologies as they are likely to drive the country’s social security and health care reforms. As a means of identifying critical themes and determining a valid focus, the study combines complex algorithmic analysis with a relevant Policy Delphi study to discover and confirm a set of valid policy reform predictions. This study assumes that China’s future challenges will be shaped by the country’s global growth, internal social environmental, transitioning ethnological, and intercultural ideologies as it shifts to a position of global superiority. This study’s findings and recommendations are significant in the context of assisting leaders, scholars, and analysts frame a subsequent narrative toward shaping policy decisions by addressing China’s present and future internal tensions due to a social security and health care crisis.
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Ganster, Marianne (Marianne Theresa). "Opportunities and challenges of investing in emerging markets : a case study of Panama." Thesis, Massachusetts Institute of Technology, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/1721.1/42011.
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Thesis (S.M. in Real Estate Development)--Massachusetts Institute of Technology, Dept. of Urban Studies and Planning, 2007.This electronic version was submitted by the student author. The certified thesis is available in the Institute Archives and Special Collections.
Includes bibliographical references (leaves 69-71).
Many Real Estate investment firms are looking to the world's emerging economies in their real estate investment strategies to seek optimal returns in opaque or inefficient markets. Although these investments carry increased political, regulatory and currency risk, cross-border real estate investment has been on the rise. This thesis will broadly explore the nature of investment in emerging markets and survey risks associated with deploying capital in these markets, from the perspective of a foreign investor In order to assess explicit real estate opportunities and address the issues relevant to investors pursuing them, the scope of research was narrowed to focus on one Latin American country that has compelling opportunity for real estate investment: Panama. In recent years, this emerging market has seen extraordinary growth and expansion of its real estate sector, driven by domestic and international consumption related to trade, tourism, and the upcoming expansion of the Panama Canal. This paper will explore the real estate markets driven by these trends, analyze the specific risks associated with investment in these markets, and offer practical considerations for how the real estate "game" is played in Panama.
by Marianne Ganster.
S.M.in Real Estate Development
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PEPIC, SANJIN, and BABACK ZARIF. "Exploring Managerial Challenges Emerging from Procurement of Mineral Concentrates : Case study on Boliden." Thesis, KTH, Skolan för industriell teknik och management (ITM), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:kth:diva-301281.
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Procurement of copper concentrate is becoming increasingly more challenging as the general quality of concentrates are decreasing. Concentrates are now coming with higher shares of impurities and secondary materials, which makes them harder to process. These concentrates are refereed to as complex concentrates and has historically been purchased by refineries pursuing a high margin strategy, as it is cheaper for refineries to buy. As the global copper concentrate quality decreases, traditional smelters may have to revisit their procurement strategy in order to continue to be competitive and cost efficient, gradually moving towards a strategy which today is considered a niche. This notion raises several questions as to what situation future refineries might find them selves in, when treating increasing shares of complex copper concentrates. On that perceptive, this study addresses this topic from a holistic business perspective by investigating managerial challenges which may occur from procurement of complex copper concentrates. We did this through an exploratory investigation on two smelter facilities within Boliden Group, operating on with this procurement strategy. Our aim was to identify important aspects within the procurement itself, inventory management and processing. We conducted eight interviews with company representatives and analysed data on purchasing behaviour, inventory holdings and process quantities in order to understand critical aspects emerging from this strategy. From there, we identified one general challenge containing three sub challenges. We concluded that the management of risk and productivity balance was essential for the whole business, as complex concentrates aggravates already present supply chain and industry risks. Furthermore we saw challenges with maintaining sufficient and balanced inventory levels, due to arrival uncertainties and vague shipping agreements. Also, aligning goals and priorities was identified as a challenge. As complex concentrates have both attractive margin figures and complex processing requirements, differences in prioritisation surrounding profitability and process stability was evident. Lastly, we uncovered potential productivity losses when treating both clean and complex concentrates.Inköp av kopparkoncentrat blir alltmer utmanande i takt med att koncentratens allmänna kvalitet minskar. Koncentrat kommer nu med större andelar av orenheter och sekundära material, vilket gör dem svårare att bearbeta. Dessa koncentrat betecknas som komplexa koncentrat och har historiskt bearbetats av raffinaderier som bedriver en högmarginalstrategi, eftersom dessa är billigare för raffinaderier att köpa. Då den globala kopparkoncentratkvaliteten minskar kan traditionella smältverk behöva se över sin inköpsstrategiför att fortsätta vara konkurrenskraftiga och kostnadseffektiva. Denna uppfattning väcker flera frågor om vilken situation framtida raffinaderier kan komma att befinna sig i, med ökande andelar av komplexa kopparkoncentrat. Med barkund i detta undersöker denna studie frågan ur ett helhetsperspektiv, genom att utforska operativa utmaningar som kan uppstå till följd av inköp av komplexa kopparkoncentrat. Vi genomförde en fallstudie på två smältverk inom Boliden Group, som förvärvar en hög andel komplexa kopparkoncentrat. Vårt mål var att identifiera viktiga aspekter inom själva upphandlingen, lagerhanteringen och bearbetning av koncentraten samt att identifiera utmaningar som beslutsfattare står inför. Vi genomförde åtta intervjuer med företagsrepresentanter och analyserade data om inköpsbeteende, lagerhållning och processkvantiteter för att förstå kritiska aspekter som framgår av denna strategi. Därifrån identifierade vi en allmän utmaning innehållande tre underutmaningar. Resultatet visade på att hantering av risk- och produktivitetsbalans var väsentlig för hela verksamheten, eftersom komplexa koncentrat förvärrar redan närvarande utmaningar med försörjningskedjan och industririsker. Därtill identifierade vi utmaningar med att upprätthålla en tillräcklig och balanserad lagernivå, på grund av osäkerheter om ankomst och vaga sjöfartsavtal. Gemensamma mål och prioriteringar identifierades också som en utmaning. Eftersom komplexa koncentrat både har attraktiva marginaler och komplexa bearbetningskrav var skillnader i prioritering kring lönsamhet och process-stabilitet uppenbara. Slutligen upptäckte vi potentiella produktivitetsförluster vid behandling av både rena och komplexa koncentrat.
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Mahapatra, Gayatri. "LIS education in India: Emerging paradigms, challenges and propositions in the digital era." School of Communication & Information, Nanyang Technological University, 2006. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/106109.
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This is a longer version of the paper published in the conference proceedings.Librarians of the 21st century have to prepare themselves for working in a networked environment and should acquire necessary skills such as leadership, exploiting information handling, communication, crisis management, team building and decision making, and so on. So, library professionals are in dire need to acquire relevant skills and expertise to track the world of information and become competent enough to serve in a digital culture. An attempt is made to project issues related to the LIS education in India and suggests some proposals in this respect based on routine features and experiences. The study proposes core elements of a curriculum and a vision of LIS education in India for the coming decade. The paper also stresses the need for revised course contents and allied challenges for readiness of Indian LIS education in the digital era.
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Wieczorek, Katarina, and Ellen Wigg. "Is Curry something for sweeds? : A study about firms from emerging markets operating in advanced countries and the challenges they experience." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för organisation och entreprenörskap (OE), 2014. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-36008.
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The purpose of this thesis is to explore how emerging market firms enter more advanced markets. The aim is to identify the main challenges that the firms experience and discover how the companies operate to manage these challenges. In order to reach our purpose the thesis has implied a qualitative method as well as a multiple-case study and the empirical data of the thesis have conducted semi- structured interviews. The literature review is divided into two main parts, whereas the first part is Entry modes which include the following theories: Choice of Entry mode, Barriers to internationalization, the Uppsala Internationalization Model and the Network Model. The second part is cultural differences and consists of the following theories: Levels of culture, Hofstede’s cultural dimensions and Trompenaars cross cultural studies. In the analysis we have connected our empirical findings with the theories mentioned above. The analysis consists of a discussion between the literature review and the empirical data in order to research their consistent and to find a common pattern. The conclusion reveals that emerging market firms enter more advanced market differently depending on factors such as the purpose with the entry and previous contacts in the advanced market. The main challenges are connected to the cultural aspects, which are managed differently by the companies.
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Parolo, Martin. "Marketing challenges for POUS in emerging markets How to tap the BoP-market-segment? /." St. Gallen, 2008. http://www.biblio.unisg.ch/org/biblio/edoc.nsf/wwwDisplayIdentifier/01653047004/$FILE/01653047004.pdf.
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Marullo, Geraldine E. "Emerging trends, challenges and changes in Hawaii's nonprofit health and human service delivery organizations." Thesis, University of Hawaii at Manoa, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10125/7056.
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This dissertation explores what thirty-eight of Hawaii's top health and human service delivery organization leaders think are the trends, challenges and changes that affect the ability of their respective organizations to provide services to families. This study systematically attempts to apply qualitative methodology to understand the phenomenon of shared and unique experiences of nonprofit chief executive officers and board chairs governing selected organizations. In addition to traditional literature review, the methodology involves extensive interviews to develop a database thereby supporting analysis to go beyond the anecdotal experiences of the health and human service nonprofits. This study aims to share the findings with crucial decision-makers to help assure the viability of the safety net by applying these data to future capacity-building activities and initiatives in Hawaiʻi. By strengthening the statewide health and human service nonprofit organizations, strengthening the safety net may be achieved. The two main areas of literature review involve leadership and change theory and the historical and contemporary evolution of health and human service organizations and their models of governance. Key findings involve: 1) the daily challenge to promotion and to protection of organizational resources as a major function of leadership, thus allowing less time and emphasis on advocacy and public policy; 2) the insufficiency of future leadership; 3) the ongoing need for organizations to structurally address change; and 4) the need to educate the public on the value of health and human service nonprofit organizations. Given the trend analysis, the conclusion depicts Hawaii's future safety net, as one comprised of fewer but larger organizations providing fewer services. The study recommends that health and human service nonprofit leadership and government entities coalesce their energies to create a formal structure to dialogue, strategically-plan and create a safety net that is adequate and appropriate for Hawaii' s unique culture and unique health and human service needs.x, 155 leaves
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Shimada, Tomoaki. "Potential benefits and emerging challenges of B2B e-procurement systems in a supply chain." online access from Digital Dissertation Consortium, 2005. http://libweb.cityu.edu.hk/cgi-bin/er/db/ddcdiss.pl?3195924.
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Barbaris, Roxanne, and Christine Callanan. "United States Army contingency contracting operations: emerging roles, procedures, and challenges facing Contracting professionals." Monterey, California. Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10945/10370.
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Joint Applied ProjectThis Joint Applied Project analyzed the extent to which Army leadership has acknowledged and is acting upon key improvement recommendations made by the Gansler Report (2007). This project explores roles, procedures, principles and emerging issues facing contingency contracting professionals in respect to their responsibilities in expeditionary operations. Basic principles of contingency contracting and current literature relative to Army expeditionary operations were analyzed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with both military and civilian acquisition professionals. Additionally, researcher developed surveys were distributed amongst deployed contingency contracting officers/specialists in order to approach this topic with a 'boots on the ground' perspective. From the research conducted, recommendations are provided that the Army can implement to improve modern wartime contingency contracting and better prepare and train the contracting workforce to support future contingency operations.
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Garfin, Gregg, Robert Varady, Robert Merideth, Margaret O. Wilder, and Christopher Scott. "Metrics for assessing adaptive capacity and water security: Common challenges, diverging contexts, emerging consensus." ELSEVIER SCI LTD, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/622654.
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The rapid pace of climate and environmental changes requires some degree of adaptation, to forestall or avoid severe impacts. Adaptive capacity and water security are concepts used to guide the ways in which resource managers plan for and manage change. Yet the assessment of adaptive capacity and water security remains elusive, due to flaws in guiding concepts, paucity or inadequacy of data, and multiple difficulties in measuring the effectiveness of management prescriptions at scales relevant to decision-making. We draw on conceptual framings and empirical findings of the articles in this special issue and seek to respond to key questions with respect to metrics for the measurement, governance, information accessibility, and robustness of the knowledge produced in conjunction with ideas related to adaptive capacity and water security. Three overarching conclusions from this body of work are (a) systematic cross-comparisons of metrics, using the same models and indicators, are needed to validate the reliability of evaluation instruments for adaptive capacity and water security, (b) the robustness of metrics to applications across multiple scales of analysis can be enhanced by a “metrics plus” approach that combines well-designed quantitative metrics with in-depth qualitative methods that provide rich context and local knowledge, and (c) changes in the governance of science-policy can address deficits in public participation, foster knowledge exchange, and encourage the co-development of adaptive processes and approaches (e.g., risk-based framing) that move beyond development and use of static indicators and metrics.
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Bluschke, Annet, der Hagen Maja von, Barbara Novotna, Veit Roessner, and Christian Beste. "Executive Function Deficits in Seriously Ill Children—Emerging Challenges and Possibilities for Clinical Care." Saechsische Landesbibliothek- Staats- und Universitaetsbibliothek Dresden, 2018. http://nbn-resolving.de/urn:nbn:de:bsz:14-qucosa-236938.
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The past years have seen an incredible increase in the quality and success rates of treatments in pediatric medicine. One of the resulting major challenges refers to the management of primary or secondary residual executive function deficits in affected children. These deficits lead to problems in the ability to acquire, understand, and apply abstract and complex knowledge and to plan, direct, and control actions. Executive functions deficits are important to consider because they are highly predictive of functioning in social and academic aspects of daily life. We argue that current clinical practice does not sufficiently account for the complex cognitive processes in this population. This is because widely applied pharmacological interventions only rarely account for the complexity of the underlying neuronal mechanisms and do not fit well into possibly powerful “individualized medicine” approaches. Novel treatment approaches targeting deficits in executive functions in seriously ill children could focus on neuronal oscillations, as these have some specific relations to different aspects of executive function. Importantly, such treatment approaches can be individually tailored to the individuals’ deficits and can be transferred into home-treatment or e-health solutions. These approaches are easy-to-use, can be easily integrated into daily life, and are becoming increasingly cost-effective.
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Du, Plessis Chanel. "Data Challenges in Constructing a Regional Tourism Satellite Account in an Emerging Destination Context." Diss., University of Pretoria, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/2263/75645.
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In the context of South Africa, there is an increasing interest in the provision of a TSA to be made available at a region level (Ragab, 2014). The satellite accounting approach and its regional extension are likely to be the most appropriate tools to estimate the economic contribution of the tourism sector (Jean-Pierre & Perrain, 2016). Nonetheless, due to the complexity and limitations of the methodology (Jones & Munday, 2010) the researcher had to define the boundaries of the data available in South Africa at a regional level in terms of the RTSA requirements (United Nations, 2013). The construction of an RTSA can be done through a top-down or bottom-up approach (Jean-Pierre & Perrain, 2016; Song et al., 2012; Pham et al., 2008; Fletching, 2008). The top-down approach is the more common method used in literature since it is more cost effective, utilises existing resources and allows for national level and inter-regional comparisons. Taking this into consideration, the researcher applied a top-down approach in order to determine the appropriateness of the secondary data available in South Africa in the context of constructing an RTSA for a region.
The data challenges in constructing an RTSA for the Western Cape region, in South Africa, related to the lack of a regional account, the inadequate tourism surveys at a regional level, and the unbalanced reconciliation of supply and demand. As in most emerging destinations, the study area did not have an available regional account detailed enough to satisfy the structural requirements of an RTSA. The location quotient technique was used to regionalise the national production table made it less accurate. The tourism data available at a regional level did not report on the necessary expenditure indicators to regionalise the national tourism expenditure; further, the international and domestic tourism data varied in indicators reported at granular level. This created inconsistencies in the estimated regional expenditure distribution between international and domestic tourism. Finally, these data challenges resulted in the regional supply and tourism demand ratio to be unbalanced. The aforementioned needs to first be addressed for an accurate and reliable RTSA to be constructed for a region. Therefore, as in many emerging destinations, the lack of adequate tourism supply and demand data is a critical limitation in estimating the value of tourism as an economic activity at a regional level. In conclusion, emerging tourism destinations would need to use alternative methods to construct an RTSA that would be deemed less accurate but still adequate for policymakers decision-making processes.Dissertation (MCom)--University of Pretoria 2019.
Tourism Management
MCom
Unrestricted
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Khan, Asif, and Ahmed Ali Shafiq. "Internationalization Challenges for Retail Firms in Emerging Asian Markets : A case study of IKEA." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104433.
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There has been prior research on the internationalization process of retail firms. However, most of the research has investigated the developed countries' markets. There has been little research on the internationalization process of retail firms, especially in the emerging Asian markets. The emerging Asian markets are different from developed markets. Therefore, internationalization challenges and hindrances are dissimilar in this region than in developed countries' markets. Previously, there have been numerous researches on IKEA and other Swedish retail firms on the internationalization process. However, most of the research study has been done on its movement to developed markets. There has been little research done on IKEA's internationalization into emerging Asian markets. There are different challenges faced by firms, when entering into the emerging Asian market and during the business in these markets. However, the emerging Asian markets are different from other continents, especially the Western and developed markets. This research study aims to fill the existing knowledge gap by exploring the challenges that IKEA faces in emerging Asian markets. In addition to this, by the research, we seek to develop our understanding of the challenges faced by Swedish retail firms while entering emerging Asian markets. Furthermore, by exploring the challenges that retail firms face in the emerging Asian markets, we also aim to provide possible solutions on how IKEA and other retail firms can resolve or tackle the issues they face in emerging Asian markets.
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Barbaris, Roxanne Callanan Christine. "United States Army contingency contracting operations emerging roles, procedures, and challenges facing Contracting professionals /." Monterey, Calif. : Naval Postgraduate School, 2008. http://edocs.nps.edu/npspubs/scholarly/JAP/2008/Sept/08Sep%5FBarbaris%5FJAP.pdf.
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"Submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in Contract Management from the Naval Postgraduate School, September 2008."Advisor(s): Simon, Cary ; Nalwasky, Richard M. "September 2008." "Joint applied project"--Cover. Description based on title screen as viewed on October 31, 2008. Includes bibliographical references (p. 97-100). Also available in print.
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Heshmati, Nastaran, and Senada Lovic. "Opportunities and Challenges in Emerging markets : A case study of two multinational companies in India." Thesis, Högskolan i Halmstad, Sektionen för ekonomi och teknik (SET), 2012. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hh:diva-18995.
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The previous research, in the internationalization area, indicates that there are both opportunities and challenges when companies operate abroad. By using a SLEPT analysis model, which studies the effect from the countries’ social/cultural, legal, economic, political and technological environments and their effects, it makes the opportunities and challenges more depletive. This makes it easier for companies, which are operating in a foreign country, to handle the situation and therefore, saves both time and money for the companies. The purpose of this study is to present a more conspicuous representation of the opportunities and challenges that companies in an industrial market have to face, during their operation in an emerging market. To gather the necessary information a multiple case study was implemented with three Swedish companies, who all are within the business to business (B2B) area. This study was conducted by interviewing the case companies, which are all established in India. These companies are Bufab AB and two from the Volvo Group (Volvo 3P and Volvo Powertrain). This study demonstrates that the main opportunities are the Indian population, highly educated people, the complaisant government and the fact that it is a low cost market. The challenges that these case companies had to deal with are lack of experience, the law and tariff system is difficult to understand, the laws change frequently, the economic development is rapid and the infrastructure is poor.
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Khwela, Gcwelumusa Chrysostomus. "Challenges of arms transfers facing the emerging supplier states in the new international political economy." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2003. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/53324.
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Thesis (MMil)--Stellenbosch University, 2003.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The fundamental motivation for emerging arms suppliers to produce arms was the desire to overcome their position of dependence in the system of arms production and transfers. However, their predicament as late entrants into the system castigated them to fail in this endeavour. This failure is based on three criteria, which also assist in the identification of emerging suppliers. Firstly, the weaponry they produce is far below the sophistication characterised by higher levels of technological advancement. Secondly, they can only produce one or two advanced weapon systems. Finally, they rely on the leading suppliers for certain sophisticated components of weapon systems which they cannot produce themselves and as a result, become so dependent that they, with an exception of a few, are unable to go beyond the simple reproduction or retrofitting of existing weapon systems. The capability to produce arms was restrictedly extended to certain states in the post-war era, and even those states that obtained such a capability were confmed to producing small arms and platforms for naval vessels. Those states that went beyond these capabilities did so with the assistance of other states or specialists, the initial intention being to meet domestic requirements, and ultimately to dispose surplus Second World War equipment in the re-transfer market. The emerging supplier states' intention to develop indigenous arms industries was driven by the political urge to reduce their reliance on the leading suppliers and to nationalise the arms production process for import substitution in order to meet domestic security needs. Since the emerging suppliers began the process of defence industrialisation from the importation of complete weapon systems to import substitution, and ultimately to the promotion of exports, they mainly relied on technology imported from the leading suppliers. On the one hand, the leading suppliers attempted to hinder the efforts of emerging suppliers to promote arms exports so as to protect their oligopolistic share of the arms market through tightening the controls and regulations on technological supplies. On the other, the emerging suppliers were impelled to promote their arms exports in order to overcome the saturation of their domestic markets, to utilise effectively their arms production capacities, and to positively affect their balance of payments through the procreation of foreign exchange returns. This study reached the following conclusions and inferences: 1. The arms trade has evolved to be characterised by the transfer of military technology, which did not feature in the arms transactions of the previous periods. 2. The gap between the leading and emerging suppliers is widening with regard to the sophistication of technological capabilities, and accordingly the stratification within the arms production and transfer system is sustainable and reinforced, thus making it hard for the lower tiers to progress beyond their current status. 3. The emerging suppliers' share of and contribution into the arms market is constricted, and as such they specialise in specific (often uncomplicated) weapon systems that constitute niches in the global market. 4. The unfolding arms production and transfer system is characterised by a fiercely competitive atmosphere, and consequently, only those states that can subsidise or integrate their efforts are enabled to sustain an advanced arms production faculty. 5. As the emerging suppliers begin to introduce more and more of their wares into the market, the costs of research and development begin to soar in the same manner as those of the leading suppliers, thus urging them to become more export-oriented. 6. Participants in the system will be compelled to relinquish their comparative technological superiority in order to survive, thus narrowing the gap between the capabilities possessed by both the leading and the emerging suppliers.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die onderliggende motivering van opkomende wapenverskaffers om wapens te produseer word toegeskryf aan 'n behoefte om hulle relatiewe afhanklikheid in die stelsel van wapenproduksie en - handel te oorkom. Boonop het die laat toetrede tot die stelsel hierdie opkomende verskaffers se kanse tot sukses verder belemmer. Die rede vir die onsuksesvolle toetrede word gebasseer op drie kriteria (wat ook dien as identifiserende eienskappe van opkomende wapenverskaffers). Eerstens, die wapens wat opkomende verskaffers lewer skiet tekort aan die vereiste gesofistikeerde standaarde van die gevestigde wapenprodusente. Tweedens, hulle kan slegs een of twee gevorderde wapenstelsels produseer. Derdens, sekere komponente van wapenstelsels word verkry by die gevestigde verskaffers, wat lei tot afhanklikheid tot so 'n mate dat die opkomende verskaffer se vermoëns beperk word tot eenvoudige reprodusering of herinstallasies van bestaande stelsels. Trouens, in die post-oorlog tydperk is die vermoë om wapens te produseer doelbewus beperk tot sekere state wat 'n afgebakende reeks van handwapens en uitrusting vir vloot vaartuie kon vervaardig. State wat verby hierdie vermoë beweeg het, het dit gedoen met behulp van ander state of spesaliste, oorspronklik met die oog op die huishoudelike behoefte maar ook om ontslae te raak van surplusse uit die Tweede Wêreldoorlog. 'n Politieke begeerte om in hulle eie sekuriteitsbehoeftes te voorsien deur middel van invoersubstitusie, het die opkomende verskaffers genoop om ontslae te raak van die afhanklikheid op gevestigde verskaffers en om die wapenproduseringsproses te nasionaliseer. Hulle het hoofsaaklik gesteun op ingevoerde tegnologie om die verdedigingsbedryf te industrialiseer. Die proses het so verloop: volledige wapenstelsels is ingevoer, daarna het invoersubstitusie plaasgevind, en daarna 'n bevordering van uitvoere. Gevestigde verskaffers het endersyds probeer om (deur middel van strenger kontrole en regulasies of tegnologiese ware) die opkomende verskaffers te verhoed om hulle oligopolistiese houvas op die mark te belemmer en andersyds moes opkomende verskaffers noodgedwonge hulle uitvoere bevorder om te voorkom dat die plaaslike mark versadig word. Die laasgenoemde aspek het ook die betalingsbalans van opkomende verskaffers positief beinvloed as gevolg van die inkomste uit buitelandse valuta. Hierdie studie kom tot die volgende aanames en gevolgtrekkings: 1. Wapenhandel het só ontwikkel dat die oordrag van militêre tegnologie die hoofkenmerk geword het in die stelsel - 'n ongekende kenmerk tot dusver in die ontwikkelingsgang van internasionale wapenhandel. 2. Die gaping van tegnologiese vermoëns tussen opkomende en gevestigde wapenverskaffers word groter en daarmee saam word die stratifikasie in wapenproduksie en -lewering volhoubaar en versterk, wat lei tot 'n beperking op die vermoë van opkomende verskaffers om vooruitgang te maak. 3. Opkomende verskaffers se aandeel in en bydrae tot wapenmarkte bly beperk en spesialiseer daarom op spesifieke (meestalongekompliseerde) wapenstelsels wat gemik is op sekere nisse in die wêreldmark. 4. Die ontluikende wapenproduksie en -handelsisteem is uiters kompeterend, met die gevolg dat slegs state wat hulle pogings kan subsidieer of integreer in staat is om gevorderde fasiliteite te onderhou. 5. Met die toenemende aanbod vanaf opkomende verskaffers, styg die kostes van navorsing en ontwikkeling vir beide die opkomende en die gevestigde verskaffer wat weer beide dwing om hulle uitvoere te beklemtoon. 6. Deelnemers in die stelsel sal gedwing word om hulle vergelykende tegnologiese voorsprong prys te gee om te oorleef in die stelsel, waarna die gaping tussen die vermoëns van opkomende en gevestigde verskaffers verminder sal word.
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De, Wet Phillippus Rudolph. "Challenges facing the project manager in planning and managing housing projects implemented by emerging contractors." Thesis, Stellenbosch : Stellenbosch University, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/5037.
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Thesis (MBA (Business Management))--Stellenbosch University, 2008.ENGLISH ABSTRACT: The project manager is facing many challenges when planning and managing an Emerging Contractor project. Constraints experienced by Emerging Contractors are exerting risks on the project and pose a challenge to the project manager to guide the project to successful completion. The constraints and risks experienced on an Emerging Contractor project are mostly related to inexperience and unproven track record. The Emerging Contractor has not been in business long enough to build trust relationships with suppliers. Suppliers are limiting their exposure to risk and are therefore not prepared to supply material in bulk or on credit to the Emerging Contractor. The term Emerging Contractor is a well-known term in the South African construction industry, but no clear definition exists of what criteria qualifies a contractor to be an Emerging Contractor. The assumption in the industry is that an Emerging Contractor is a construction business which is 100% controlled and managed by a black person. Emerging Contractors are conducting business at the bottom end of the market where there is no barrier to entry. This makes the competition very severe and the profit margins are very slim. Even though the contract values are low, the Emerging Contractor projects require a considerable amount of effort to manage and are therefore not cost effective for the experienced project manager. The constraints experienced by the Emerging Contractor can be addressed by co-opting experience to the project team to provide guidance, training and management assistance. The proposal will require additional funding, but after a few projects the Emerging Contractor would have built up a reputation as a successful contractor and will therefore be self sustaining.
AFRIKAANSE OPSOMMING: Die projekbestuurder moet baie uitdagings trotseer met die beplanning en bestuur van 'n Opkomende Kontrakteur. Beperkings wat deur die Opkomende Kontrakteur ervaar word lei tot 'n risiko vir die projek en bied dus 'n uitdaging aan die projekbestuurder om die projek te lei tot suksesvolle voltooiing. Die beperkings en risiko's wat deur 'n Opkomende Kontrakteur projek ervaar word, hou meerendeels verband met onervarendheid en gebrekkige ondervinding. Die Opkomende Kontrakteur is nog nie lank genoeg in die bedryf om vertrouensverhoudings met verskaffers op te gebou het nie. Verskaffers verskans dus hul blootstelling aan risiko en is dus nie bereid om materiaal in grootmaat of op krediet aan die Opkomende Kontrakteur te lewer nie. Die term "Emerging Contractor" is welbekend in die Suid-Afrikaanse konstruksiebedryf, maar 'n duidelike definisie kon nie gevind word wat die vereistes stel om as 'n Opkomende Kontrakteur te kwalifiseer nie. In die konstruksiebedryf word dit algemeen aanvaar dat 'n Opkomende Kontrakteur 'n konstruksie besigheid is wat 100% deur 'n swart persoon beheer en bestuur word. Opkomende Kontrakteurs ding mee op die intreevlak van die konstruksiebedryf waar daar weinig min versperring vir toetrede is. Dit maak die kompetisie baie straf en die winsmarge laag. Selfs al is die kontrakwaarde laag behels die Opkomende Kontrakteur projek buitengewone aandag en bestuur en is dit dan ook nie 'n koste effekiewe projek vir 'n ervare projekbestuurder nie. Die beperkings wat deur die Opkomende Kontrakteur ervaar word, kan aangespreek word deur ervare diensverskaffers na die projekspan te bring om leiding, opleiding en bestuurshulp te verskaf. Die voorgestelde projekbestuursplan benodig addisionele fondse, maar na 'n paar projekte het die kontrakteur vir hom/haar 'n reputasie opgebou wat hom/haar toelaat om volhoubaar te wees sonder die hulp van die diensverskaffers.
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Muneesamy, Loganaden. "Strengthening leadership through networking: a mixed method evaluation of a core component of the Emerging African Leaders Programme (EALP)." Master's thesis, Faculty of Health Sciences, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/11427/33847.
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In line with its mission to promote public leadership in Africa, the UCT Nelson Mandela School of Public Governance (NMSPG) implements the Emerging African Leaders Programme (EALP). With the use of an intensive two-week residential workshop in Cape Town, integral coaching and an EALP alumni network, the programme endeavours to enhance the leadership capacity of emerging African leaders. The purpose of the EALP alumni network is to keep EALP alumni connected, enable them to have an ongoing dialogue and facilitate collaborations with the ultimate objective of making a contribution to addressing Africa's wicked challenges. A mixed method formative outcome evaluation of the networking component of the EALP was conducted. Data was collected by means of a document review, an online survey, semi-structured interviews and focus group discussions involving the main stakeholders. The findings showed that the EALP alumni network had created, albeit in a suboptimal resource-constrained context, positive outcomes at individual, network, organisational and policy-making levels. The network helped to increase the self-confidence, connectivity, networking ability, networking, problem-solving and decision making capacity, learning, social capital and career prospects of EALP alumni. Furthermore, most of the EALP alumni expressed above average trust and commitment in the EALP alumni network, and, opined that efforts were made to ensure effective inclusion of all network members. On the other hand, on average, EALP alumni, were generally connected and interacted with others within their respective cohort, with mutual support and exchange of information and other resources only occasionally taking place among them. Of the sample, fifty percent of the EALP alumni experienced network cohesion. On average, EALP alumni, reported that it was easy to collaborate on the network but they had developed few productive collaborations with others. Slightly more than half of EALP alumni were satisfied with the management of the EALP alumni network and one fifth of them had fully internalised the network goal. Some positive outcomes were also noted at organisational and policy-making levels. With a view to strengthening the EALP alumni network, ensuring its sustainability and improving its effectiveness, the following recommendations have been made: formulation of a strategy and plans for the network, introduction of a monitoring, evaluation and learning system, formalisation of the network, appointment of a dedicated network manager to engage and support EALP alumni, and ongoing capacity-building.
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Sardouk, Adnan, and Cedric Dorant. "Market Challenges Faced by Multinational Corporations in Frontier Markets : The Case of Lebanon." Thesis, Högskolan i Gävle, Avdelningen för ekonomi, 2015. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:hig:diva-19828.
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Aim: This research aims to analyze the different market challenges faced by multinational corporations when operating in frontier markets, taking the Lebanese market as the case example. Methodology: The adopted methodology is based on a perspective multi-case study carried out through a qualitative conduct with several multinational corporations operating in frontier markets and Lebanon in specific. Accordingly, the data collection is based on semi-structured face-to-face, telephone and email interviews with different personnel in allocated companies based on their observations and experiences regarding business operations and market conditions in the country. Subsequently, the gathered primary data is analyzed, discussed and compared with secondary data provided by academic journals, books and trustworthy databases. Findings: Against the background of growing international competition companies increasingly follow internationalization strategies and expand their operations into new markets. Thereby, frontier markets, a subcategory of emerging markets, gain in importance. Simultaneously, new opportunities often go hand in hand with various risks and challenges. In this study four different categories of market challenges were applied and investigated: (1) Political Instability; (2) Economic & Financial Constraints; (3) Corruption & Nepotism; and (4) Cultural Differences. The interviews conducted with several MNCs operating in Lebanon devoted that only the country’s Political Instability affected the case companies’ business operations. Economic & Financial Constraints played a tangential role. Whereas, Corruption & Nepotism and Cultural Differences did not affect the enterprises’ operations at all. Hence, the primary data gathered revealed partially contradictory results in comparison to the findings obtained from the literature review. Contribution: This study addresses various market challenges occurring in frontier markets, a comparably new and uncharted subcategory of emerging markets. Particularly, the market challenges in the case country Lebanon are unexplored yet. Thus, the study contributes novel results and aims to close a research gap. Limitations: The findings presented cannot be generalized, neither to other ME countries nor to frontier markets in general. The scope of this study is limited to one specific market, providing companies’ perceptions about various market challenges when operating in Lebanon. In addition, due to the applied qualitative approach and the authors’ geographical distance to the researched market, the sample size is relatively small limiting the generalization of the study outcomes. Suggestions for Future Research: Due to the recently introduced terminology and categorization, research about frontier markets is limited yet. So far, the ME region in general and the case country Lebanon were not in the researchers’ focus regarding market challenges. This study provides initial points of reference about market challenges MNCs face in Lebanon. Further research with a greater variety of investigated enterprises and industries would be conceivable. Moreover, a research focus on SMEs operating in the country might reveal different findings.
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Dwivedi, Y. K., L. Hughes, Elvira Ismagilova, G. Aarts, C. Coombs, T. Crick, Y. Duan, et al. "Artificial Intelligence (AI): Multidisciplinary Perspectives on Emerging Challenges, Opportunities, and Agenda for Research, Practice and Policy." Elsevier, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10454/17208.
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YesAs far back as the industrial revolution, significant development in technical innovation has succeeded in transforming numerous manual tasks and processes that had been in existence for decades where humans had reached the limits of physical capacity. Artificial Intelligence (AI) offers this same transformative potential for the augmentation and potential replacement of human tasks and activities within a wide range of industrial, intellectual and social applications. The pace of change for this new AI technological age is staggering, with new breakthroughs in algorithmic machine learning and autonomous decision-making, engendering new opportunities for continued innovation. The impact of AI could be significant, with industries ranging from: finance, healthcare, manufacturing, retail, supply chain, logistics and utilities, all potentially disrupted by the onset of AI technologies. The study brings together the collective insight from a number of leading expert contributors to highlight the significant opportunities, realistic assessment of impact, challenges and potential research agenda posed by the rapid emergence of AI within a number of domains: business and management, government, public sector, and science and technology. This research offers significant and timely insight to AI technology and its impact on the future of industry and society in general, whilst recognising the societal and industrial influence on pace and direction of AI development.
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Lake, Jordan. "International development -- A look at the future. New challenges for well established companies." Master's thesis, Vysoká škola ekonomická v Praze, 2011. http://www.nusl.cz/ntk/nusl-72770.
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My paper tries to cover as many fields of internationalization as possible. It is a look at the very actual situation after the financial crisis but also comes with some predictions about the close future. Public and worldwide organizations such as WTO are a critical point in my analysis, as well as country penetration strategies. My objective was to determine where globalization has leaded us, in which direction and more importantly in which countries. Also, it is explained how complex can be a multinational in different countries and the important aspects of control in between subsidiaries. Not to be forgotten, the most recent kinds of investments and revamped international strategies
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Holmsäter, Linus. "Emerging Luxury : - An Explorative Study of the Major Current Challenges Facing International Luxury Fashion Companies in China." Thesis, Uppsala University, Department of Business Studies, 2009. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-108688.
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Recent years have seen a significant increase in growth of the Asian luxury market, of which China has clearly come to make up the new major market. As the strategic considerations for international companies differ between countries, an individual approach needs to be adopted to customize operations. With this master’s thesis, the author aims to map out the key current challenges for international luxury fashion companies in China. Through in-depth interviews with industry experts, the study identifies and analyzes a set of thirteen challenges, and finds unique issues within each of the challenges investigated. While further research is needed to further validate the findings of the study, its results points towards a broad spectrum of challenges and considerations, thus purposedly acting as a springboard for future research.
39
Sant'Anna, Michele de Aguiar. "Intellectual property rights and protection of traditional knowledge : emerging challenges and the role of international legal order." Thesis, University of Macau, 2011. http://umaclib3.umac.mo/record=b2291720.
Full text
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Bailey, Daryll. "A case study of the challenges faced by emerging black fishing enterprises on the Cape West Coast." Thesis, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/20.500.11838/1002.
Full textAbstract:
Thesis submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the Degree of Master of Technology (Business Administration)
Cape Peninsula University of Technology, 2013New Black business entrants into the South African fishing industry are confronted with a range of challenges on the road to full sustainability. In addition to the need to compete with established white commercial companies with vast resources, most of the successful applicants who won rights ended up with nothing but a paper quota because most do not have their own boats to either catch their allotted quota, or they lack the facilities to process their catch. In this thesis an organisational needs analysis of a select number of emerging fishing enterprises was undertaken with a view to determine their specific needs for support services in order to make recommendations with regard to a customised support programme to assist them in their quest for business sustainability. The research indicates that the majority of the emerging enterprises are first-generation novice businesses with a need for a comprehensive range of support services. They not only lack a full understanding of the inherent risks of their industry, but most have failed to do any sort of risk planning. This lack of understanding not only constrains their engagement with fishing policy processes but also contributes to a situation of dependence on external consultants for the preparation and submission of their rights allocation applications. Furthermore, most of the current crop of business leaders have a low level of formal education and did not receive any business training prior to venturing into the industry. This vicious cycle of general ignorance of the risky nature of their sector, lack of understanding of industry process, and low education levels, has resulted in limited understanding and knowledge of the various forms of financial and other assistance available to emerging businesses. The researcher recommends intervention in all of the areas mentioned above as critical if the stated objective of the South African government, namely the promotion of black economic empowerment, is to be achieved.
41
Bellet, Thierry, Martin Cunneen, Martin Mullins, Finbarr Murphy, Fabian Pütz, Florian Spickermann, Claudia Braendle, and Martina Felicitas Baumann. "From semi to fully autonomous vehicles: New emerging risks and ethico-legal challenges for human-machine interactions." Elsevier, 2018. https://publish.fid-move.qucosa.de/id/qucosa%3A72224.
Full textAbstract:
The provision of an adequate liability regime for ADAS technologies is an essential prerequisite for its roll out over the coming decade. Facing to the challenge of future highly automated vehicles, this paper proposed a Human-Machine Transition (HMT) approach as a common conceptual framework for considering Human Machine Interaction (HMI), liability and ethical issues in a unified way. The issues that arise are interrogated from a legal perspective, more specifically liability regimes and that of applied ethics. The paper highlights the issue of the handover/takeover. Potential consequences for insurance companies are then identified accordingly, with the aim to progress towards the sustainable deployment of automated vehicles on public roads.
42
Ferdous, Busrat, and Shakara Tanya. "Women’s Entrepreneurship in Emerging Markets: The Challenges to Develop and Internationalize Entrepreneurial Firms : A Study on Bangladesh." Thesis, Linnéuniversitetet, Institutionen för marknadsföring (MF), 2021. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:lnu:diva-104601.
Full textAbstract:
Studies on the internationalization of entrepreneurial firms have ignored women's entrepreneurship as a distinct research area before the 1970s. However, women's entrepreneurship started to get the attention of researchers a few decades ago and it is still in the adolescence stage. In addition, there is very little research on the internationalization of women entrepreneurial firms from emerging markets particularly those from Bangladesh. Researches that have been conducted on the challenges of Bengali women entrepreneurial firms often focused on the challenges of developing a business within the domestic context. The study seeks to fill this knowledge gap by exploring the challenges the women entrepreneurs in emerging markets are facing while growing a business within the international context, with a focus on Bangladeshi women entrepreneurial firms. This study was conducted using qualitative case studies using semi-structured interviews of three women entrepreneurial firms. The empirical findings show that two Bengali women entrepreneurs are involved with both inward and outward internationalization and one is involved with outward internationalization. The research identified networking as the greatest challenge faced by women entrepreneurs when it comes to internationalizing the business from an emerging market where insufficient funding is also another greatest obstacle. The findings also revealed that entrepreneurs should concentrate on expanding their knowledge and learning further in order to improve their skills and dynamic capacities, which is still insufficient and requires extensive effort to ensure the successful internationalization of the businesses. The findings also showed that Bangladesh is still lagging behind other developed economies in terms of digitalization and innovation. The smallness of the business also significantly affects the business activities when it comes to competing globally.
43
Morgan, Colleen J. "KNAC for learning: Designing to meet the challenges of the emerging 'learning how to learn' education paradigm." Thesis, Queensland University of Technology, 2016. https://eprints.qut.edu.au/95085/3/Colleen%20Morgan%20Thesis.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
This thesis is the result of a design-based research investigation into the opportunities and challenges facing the field of education. Through an iterative design process, research insights informed design specifications that shaped the design of KNAC, a learning tool that enables teaching and learning practices that foster metacognition, inquiry-based learning and networked learning. Semi-structured interviews with educational technologists offer insights into the extant practices of teachers and students revealing differentiations between theory and real-world experiences. This research is an example of design practice as a form of knowledge generation, resulting in applied knowledge that has implications for teaching and learning tools and practices.
44
Scheidel, Arnim. "New challenges in rural development: A multi-scale inquiry into emerging issues, posed by the global land rush." Doctoral thesis, Universitat Autònoma de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120543.
Full textAbstract:
En los últimos años están surgiendo nuevos retos asociados al desarrollo rural, catalizados por una fiebre mundial por la adquisición de tierras a gran escala. Este fenómeno, conocido como ‘acaparamiento de tierras’, está generando controversia en cuanto a si el interés creciente en estas adquisiciones podría beneficiar a las comunidades rurales empobrecidas del campesinado mundial, o al contrario, incidirá en su marginalización. Esta tesis doctoral presenta una recopilación de cuatro artículos que abordan aspectos relevantes para entender mejor los debates, impulsores de cambio, características e impactos de la creciente demanda de tierras y sus implicaciones para el desarrollo rural.
Entender los controvertidos debates asociados a los potenciales riesgos y oportunidades del acaparamiento de tierras para las comunidades rurales empobrecidas, nos plantea la siguiente pregunta: ¿qué tipo de pobreza queremos reducir? Como problema que se manifiesta a múltiples escalas y dimensiones, la pobreza es un fenómeno complejo. Será importante tenerlo en cuenta, pues, en estos debates, ya que la adquisición de tierras a gran escala puede aliviar una determinada dimensión de la pobreza, a la vez que estar amenazando otras. Así, el primer artículo aborda los retos epistemológicos y teóricos que surgen al conceptualizar multidimensionalmente la pobreza. En el segundo artículo se investigan los impulsores de cambio del acaparamiento de tierras a nivel global, para poder entender mejor sus implicaciones para el desarrollo rural global y las trayectorias futuras que de él pueden derivarse. Desde una perspectiva biofísica, el artículo argumenta que el acaparamiento de tierras apunta a ser un fenómeno persistente y no efímero: la competición y la lucha por el acceso a la tierra son susceptibles de incrementar en el futuro, provocando nuevos retos para el desarrollo rural a nivel global. El tercer artículo ilustra, para el caso de Camboya, cómo pueden revelarse en la práctica el acaparamiento de tierras y distintas visiones conflictivas sobre el desarrollo rural y la reducción de la pobreza. Basándose en una investigación empírica a nivel nacional, se abordan las características, limitaciones e impactos de las adquisiciones de tierra a gran escala y se ilustra el conflicto fundamental entre los intereses gubernamentales y las realidades locales del desarrollo rural camboyano. Finalmente, el último artículo discute la capacidad del pequeño campesinado para gestionar el decreciente acceso a la tierra a nivel local; una cuestión que seguramente requerirá más atención en el futuro, con la evolución del acaparamiento de tierras. Se presentan así algunas conclusiones sobre el cambio rural global y la emergencia de nuevas ruralidades, caracterizadas por nuevas instituciones y actividades económicas.
En resumen, esta tesis combina investigación teórica y empírica con el fin de discutir bajo diversas perspectivas los nuevos retos emergentes del desarrollo rural. Para ello, se destacan las complejas cuestiones, asociadas a la existencia de múltiples escalas y dimensiones de los sistemas rurales, a las que se enfrentan los esfuerzos en torno al desarrollo rural. Asimismo, se presentan también algunas lecciones y conclusiones sobre los debates, impulsores de cambio, impactos y consecuencias futuras del acaparamiento de tierras sobre el desarrollo rural.Within the recent years, new challenges in rural development have appeared, triggered by the emergence of a global rush for land resources. This phenomenon, well-known under the term ‘land grabbing’, has produced controversial debates surrounding the question whether rising global interest in farmland and related large-scale land deals may benefit poor rural communities across countries of the global South, or whether it may drive the marginalization of the global peasantry. This doctoral dissertation presents a compilation of four research articles that address important issues, relevant to better understand debates, drivers, characteristics and impacts regarding the global land rush and its implications for rural development. In order to understand the controversial debates on potential risks and opportunities of the land rush to poor rural communities, it becomes necessary to deal with the question: what kind of poverty is aimed to be reduced? Poverty is a complex phenomenon, appearing across multiple dimensions and scales. This matters to the debates, as large-scale land deals may help to alleviate poverty in one dimension, while jeopardizing at the same time other poverty dimensions. The first article thus addresses on an epistemological and theoretical level challenges for development efforts that result from a multidimensional conceptualization of poverty. The second article investigates underlying driving forces of the land rush on a global level, in order to better understand future trajectories and implications for global rural development. Taking a biophysical perspective, the article argues that the land rush is likely not an ephemeral phenomenon, but rather might be persistent. Increasing competition and struggles over access to land might increase in the future, thus provoking new challenges for rural development on a global level. The third article illustrates for the case of Cambodia, how both the land rush and conflicting visions of rural development and poverty reduction may unfold in practice. Based on an empirical investigation at the national level, characteristics, constraints and impacts of large-scale land deals are addressed and a fundamental conflict between governmental interests and local realities of rural development is illustrated. Finally, the last article discusses how small-farmers at the village and household level may be able to deal with declining access to land. This is an issue which likely will require more attention in the future, when the land rush further unfolds. Conclusions on global rural change and the emergence of new ruralities, characterized by new economic activities and institutions, are presented. In summary, this dissertation combines general theoretical and empirical case study research in Cambodia, in order to discuss from a variety of different perspectives emerging challenges in rural development. While the dissertation points out the complex issues that rural development studies and efforts may face due to the existence of multiple scales and dimensions of rural systems, also some simple lessons and clear conclusions are presented regarding debates, drivers, impacts and future consequences of the global land rush on rural development.
45
McEnery, Michael. "Emerging practices in a post primary school : challenges and opportunities when working with a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE)." Thesis, Queen's University Belfast, 2015. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.680436.
Full textAbstract:
The use of a Virtual Learning Environment (VLE) to support teaching and learning in a range of second and third level education contexts is increasing. The variety of elements included in the VLE and the extent to which it is integral to the course varies. While the use of the VLE may appear to have a number of benefits, in particular the promotion of independent learning, there is a need for empirical research in a range of contexts to establish an evidence base that will inform practice. This dissertation reports on a study of a General Certificate of Education (GCE) Advanced Supplementary (AS) Level Information Communication Technology Course (ICT) in a co-educational school with a mixed ability intake. The course models a 'blended' approach to the teaching, incorporating many of the Web 2.0 technology tools that comprise a VLE to support the students in their work and to encourage independent learning. The VLE is used along with the traditional teacher-led style of delivery outlining learning outcomes, directing learning and assessing progress. While numerous studies in this area have provided insights into the potential benefits of a VLE, many use third level institutions as a backdrop and focus on staff rather than pupil experiences. Students' perceptions and engagement is under researched. This study addresses the students' reasons for engagement with the VLE, their perceptions of this mode of delivery and the extent and nature of independent working promoted by this approach. The study showed that students saw the benefits of engaging with the VLE for ~he purpose of the course over and above those employed in other subject areas specifically in relation to student management and organisation of learning, absence from school, assessment feedback and belonging to a community of learners. The study also found that although the school made the development of the VLE a whole school initiative, for the majority of subjects its use was limited to an online resource storage area.
46
Seidel, Julia. "What is the color of Chinese water? : Challenges and opportunities for European hydropower companies in the Chinese market." Thesis, Linköpings universitet, Företagsekonomi, 2011. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:liu:diva-71053.
Full textAbstract:
Background: China is the country with the worldwide hugest hydropower reserves. Interms of meeting its electricity demand, further development of its reserves is necessary.European companies are leading on the hydropower market and strive for projects inChina, resulting in challenges and opportunities while facing emerging market features.Aim: This study presents an analysis of the Chinese electricity market with the aim toidentify challenges and opportunities European hydropower companies face whenoperating or entering this market. The analysis uses Blue Ocean as strategic tool to finda new perspective of examining the market situation and potential.Definition: The OECD (2007) defined hydropower as “electricity generation using thepower of falling water”.Method: This study is based on qualitative research. It constitutes five expertinterviews with company employees as Voith and a professor for fluid mechanics andhydraulic machinery at Stuttgart University.Results: The analysis resulted in 12 challenges and opportunities for Europeanhydropower companies. The challenges arise mainly from political influence on theChinese market. Opportunities, on the other hand, have strategic implications on alltime horizons but focus on different technologies and directions. The long term strategicopportunity was identifies by applying the Blue Ocean strategy. Further this proves theex ante applicability of the Blue Ocean strategy.
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Retamal, Monique Louise. "Collaborative consumption in Southeast Asian cities: Prospects and challenges for environmental sustainability." Phd thesis, Canberra, ACT : The Australian National University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/144569.
Full textAbstract:
The rise of collaborative consumption and the sharing economy
suggests a growing acceptability of ownerless consumption, which
could enable more resource efficient use of goods. These
phenomena have largely been studied in high income countries,
however, businesses enabling shared-access to goods or services
have been emerging around the world. In Asia, rapid economic
growth is enabling vast numbers of ‘new consumers’ to access
a middle-class lifestyle. In this context, it is important to
examine the potential for nascent movements such as collaborative
consumption to offer more sustainable alternatives to mass
consumption. This thesis examines the use of collaborative
consumption businesses in emerging economies in Southeast Asia,
focusing on the cities of Hanoi, Bangkok and Manila. The aim is
to understand the prospects and challenges for these businesses
to offer more environmentally sustainable modes of consuming.
Using an interdisciplinary approach, I investigate the prospects
for collaborative consumption (CC) businesses in terms of
environmental sustainability and with regard to the institutional
and personal dimensions of their use. I examine the broader
cultural, social, legal, political and economic contexts for CC
businesses in these three cities as well as specific case study
businesses. I primarily use qualitative research methods, but
also develop some quantitative estimates of resource use. The
scope is limited to product-service systems for households that
enable shared-access to goods, or offer services to replace
products. I undertook over forty interviews with businesses,
consumers, academics, policymakers and other stakeholders in
Bangkok and Hanoi. CC businesses interviewed included rideshare,
taxishare, bikeshare, laundry services and rental for tools,
toys, clothing and designer bags. In Manila, I undertook nineteen
interviews for a case study focused on comparing individual and
shared laundering methods.
Four distinct journal articles were developed for this thesis. In
these articles, I have: characterized the current business types
and users in these cities; examined CC business sustainability
practices; explored consumer practices and resource use with
regard to shared and individual laundering; and identified the
socio-cultural and institutional barriers and enablers for CC
businesses. I have drawn on different theories for each article,
including: adaptive theory, social practice theory and
multi-level perspective. I use a social practice theory framework
to integrate the findings of the four articles and to develop the
conclusions.
Collaborative consumption (CC) businesses in our study appear to
be used by niche groups: university students, young families,
people living in densely populated areas, and emerging and upper
middle-class people keen to access better quality and more
diverse goods. CC businesses in our study were inclined to use
durable, quality goods, to undertake maintenance, and sell their
goods for second hand use and potential remanufacturing. These
businesses may be more likely to achieve environmentally
sustainable outcomes in high density environments, where home
storage is limited and where transport needs can be reduced. Our
detailed case study on laundering found that social changes and
the nature of housing is likely to influence the choice of
individual or shared laundering methods. The socio-cultural and
commercial regimes in Bangkok and Hanoi present major barriers to
further adoption of CC, with regards to “ownership cultures”
and resistance from incumbent industries. However, attitudes are
changing and many of the physical drivers for CC, such as
high-density living, are prominent in Southeast Asia. Many of the
barriers to CC can be addressed through supportive policies and
institutional arrangements such as: appropriate legal definitions
and frameworks, business permits, and programs to facilitate
financing for CC businesses. In all cases, positive social and
environmental outcomes will need to be encouraged or incentivised
by governments.
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Yandas, Gokhan Osman. "Emerging Regional Security Complex In Central Asia: Shanghai Cooperation Organization (sco) And Challenges Of The Post 9/11 World." Master's thesis, METU, 2005. http://etd.lib.metu.edu.tr/upload/12606201/index.pdf.
Full textAbstract:
The aim of this thesis is to examine the changing characteristics of the regional security complex in Central Asia. The thesis focuses on the changes in the roles that the Shanghai Cooperation Organization (SCO) plays in promoting regional security in Central Asia, especially since the formation of the international coalition against international terrorism in the aftermath of the terrorist attacks on 11 September 2001. Contrary to the mainstream literature that focuses mainly on the security concerns of either regional powers or of great powers that considered this region as their own sphere of influence, this thesis argues that Central Asia&rsquos security issues that emerged in the aftermath of 9/11 could be explained better by taking the emerging regional security complex in Central Asia as the main unit of analysis. The thesis consists of seven chapters: In Chapter 1, thesis is introduced. Chapter 2 develops a conceptual framework for the thesis by examining the nature of regional security complex theory. This is followed by the examination of the characteristics of regional security complex in Central Asia in Chapter 3. Next, Chapter 4 discusses the foreign policies of the United States, Russia and China towards Central Asia. Chapters 5 and 6 examine the Shanghai Cooperation Organization, its role in the struggle against international terrorism and their reflections on the changes of the characteristics of Central Asian regional security complex. Last chapter concludes the thesis.
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Lynch, H. "Passivhaus in the UK : the challenges of an emerging market : a case study of innovation using mixed methods research." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2014. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1418470/.
Full textAbstract:
In 2006 the UK government announced policy intentions and introduced associated building design standards and up-dated Building Regulations for all new housing to be ‘zero carbon’ by 2016 and all new non-domestic buildings to be ‘zero carbon’ by 2019. Since this time the UK build standard for ‘zero carbon’ compliance for housing is the Code for Sustainable Homes (CSH) and the pre-existing, but evolving, Building Research Establishment Environmental Assessment Method (BREEAM) is the standard for non-domestic buildings. These standards have been developed by the UK government in conjunction with BRE and other industry consultants to allow building designers to introduce incremental changes to the energy design performance of their buildings. These include for the use of higher levels of insulation (leading towards super insulated fabric design), the use of on-site renewable energy technologies and eventually ‘allowable’ off-site low energy and renewable energy technology solutions to achieve ‘zero carbon’ buildings. Since the introduction of these policy intentions and standards, the UK building design and construction industry has debated both their validity and the actual definition of ‘zero carbon’, with some believing that a ‘fabric first’ approach to housing and building design using standards such as the German Passivhaus to be a more effective and simpler way to deliver ‘zero carbon’ new buildings in the UK. Despite the fact that many of the technologies leading to the development of the first super-insulated house designs and eventually the Passivhaus standard originated in the USA and UK, (culminating in the construction of a number of exemplar super-insulated homes in these countries from the 1970’s), the Passivhaus standard is currently less well known, accepted or understood in the UK than in Norhern Europe. The technology is however beginning to gain credence with a small but growing number of early adopters in the UK. With a focus on these early Passivhaus adopters, this thesis seeks to identify barriers to the uptake of the Passivhaus standard at the time of this research. The research has been conducted using social science mixed methods research, including for the use of thepsychometric assessment tool Q-methodology to assess the opinions of early Passivhaus adopters. The broad conclusions from this research are that barriers are cultural and linked to both social and technological constraints. These include for understanding of and installation of Mechanical Ventilation with Heat Recovery (MVHR), which is a technology intrinsic to the Passivhaus standard, but also levels of construction industry skills training and education and existing legislation and processes in the UK.
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Mugabe, T. C. "Fair trade in the Eastern Cape: an examination of its socio-economic impact and challenges among emerging Black farmers." Thesis, University of Fort Hare, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10353/441.
Full textAbstract:
This study examines the socio-economic impact of fair trade on black emerging citrus fruit farmers in the Eastern Cape Province of South Africa. It is a comparative analysis of farmers involved in fair trade and those who are not. Farmers from Riverside Enterprise and Sundays River Citrus Cooperative were examined to evaluate the impact of fair trade. Such impact was analyzed through looking at access farmers have to foreign markets and their ability to receive high income returns from these markets. The study also discusses the influence fair trade has on the social and economic development of the farmers’ communities. The findings of the study indicate how most fair trade communities have benefited financially and through public infrastructure such as crèches, learning centers and access to computers for both farmers and workers. Such public developments are funded through the fair trade social dividend which is a premium farmers receive for selling their fruit under fair trade. However, the study findings also indicate the limitations of fair trade; farmers have to incur high costs to become fair trade accredited. The study also examines the commodity value chains (hereinafter referred to as CVC) for citrus fair trade farmers and non fair trade farmers. This analysis reveals the procedure of value chains, their benefits and constraints.