Academic literature on the topic 'Emergenza climatica'
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Journal articles on the topic "Emergenza climatica"
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Carducci, Michele. "Natura, cambiamento climatico, democrazia locale." DIRITTO COSTITUZIONALE, no. 3 (October 2020): 67–98. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/dc2020-003004.
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Lo studio esplora dibattiti ed esperienze in tema di democrazia locale, natura e cambiamento climatico, proponendo una comparazione fondata sulle critiche ecologiche al diritto ambientale. In primo luogo, esso ricostruisce il nesso fra i tre elementi e individua le principali critiche ecologiche alla democrazia ambientale. Quindi considera i due modelli di partecipazione ambientale ("ottativa" e "prescrittiva") offerti dalla comparazione, nel quadro della triplice emergenza contemporanea (ecosistemica, climatica e fossile), diversa dalle già conosciute emergenze ambientali. Infine, considera le prassi di litigation strategy ed "eco-democrazia" in quanto reazioni a queste emergenze, nella contestuale individuazio-ne del "mandato climatico" quale nuova prescrizione deliberativa di "protezione sostenibile".
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Макаров, Владимир, and Vladimir Makarov. "Global epizoothology." Russian veterinary journal 2019, no. 6 (November 27, 2019): 26–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.32416/2500-4379-2019-2019-6-26-35.
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The global distribution of infections at the current period is based on the objective territorial and geographical prerequisites of the most general character that is natural and climatic conditions, factors of zoographic and socio-economic order. The general trends of macroevolution of the epizootic process consist in a radical change in the nature of its development and manifestation from a continuous chain of consecutive infections to outbreak and quantum phenomena. The real cause for the occurrence of emergent diseases are unpredictable changes in relationships in the host-pathogen-environment systems mainly the involvement of new susceptible contingents in the existing parasitic and other natural infectious systems. Mechanisms that determine emergence are is to the biological mutability of pathogens, anthropogenic interventions or spontaneous natural phenomena including emergency situations and bioterrorism. International trade and various connections are important factors of global epizootological risk and the cause of emergent infections of all categories, their invasion into new territories, rooting in new territorial-natural complexes.
Key words: lecture, general epizootology, global distribution of infections, emergence.
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El-Sayed, Amr, and Mohamed Kamel. "Climatic changes and their role in emergence and re-emergence of diseases." Environmental Science and Pollution Research 27, no. 18 (April 28, 2020): 22336–52. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s11356-020-08896-w.
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Bertin, Mattia, Denis Maragno, and Francesco Musco. "Pianificare l'adattamento al cambiamento climatico come gestione di una macro-emergenza locale." TERRITORIO, no. 89 (November 2019): 138–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.3280/tr2019-089018.
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Vadivel, Karthi K. "Emergency Restoration of High Voltage Transmission Lines." Open Civil Engineering Journal 11, no. 1 (October 15, 2017): 778–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.2174/1874149501711010778.
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Background:Blackouts on high voltage (HV) transmission lines occur due to harsh weather and non-climatic reasons such as human errors and mechanical failures. While it is impossible to prevent all such situations, utility officials and contractors can be equipped to meet such emergencies.Objective:This paper discusses: (1) the economic impact of climatic events in the USA and economic justification for having Emergency Restoration (ER) plans and, (2) emergency restoration procedures for downed transmission lines in Oman. Key aspects of emergency restoration procedures are discussed.
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Abrecht, DG, and KL Bristow. "Coping with soil and climatic hazards during crop establishment in the semi-arid tropics." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 36, no. 8 (1996): 971. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea9960971.
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Climatic induced hazards (e.g. water deficit, high soil temperature and high soil strength) that adversely affect seedling emergence and establishment of annual crops on red earth soils (Kandsols) at Katherine in the Daly basin of the Northern Territory are reviewed and results of some recent simulation studies and experiments are presented. Simulation studies, using 100 years of historical weather data, have shown that maize and sorghum density at Katherine is rarely reduced by water deficit during crop establishment. However, the median number of days between 1 December and 20 January during which seedlings may be exposed to damagingly high soil temperature (>55�C between 2 and 7 days after sowing) was 5.5, out of an estimated 21 days suitable for sowing. While the exposure of a crop to inclement conditions during establishment may have immediate and dramatic effects on the mortality of pre-emergent and post-emergent seedlings, there may also be longer-term and less evident adverse effects on crop growth and development. The responses of developing seedlings to inclement conditions following sowing are described and management options (eg adjusting planting dates, changing crop species, changing seedbed configurations, using surface mulch) for the amelioration of the seedbed environment are discussed. Of the possible management options for ameliorating adverse seedbed conditions during crop establishment in the semi-arid tropics (SAT), it appears that the best practice is to maintain a soil surface cover (mulch) in close proximity to the emerging seedlings. The presence of surface mulch extends the window of opportunity for establishing crops by slowing soil drying, delaying the onset of high soil temperatures and high soil impedance, and by improving the availability of water to the young seedlings at this critical stage.
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FAYOSE, Chris Adegoke, and Morakinyo Abiodun Bamidele FAKOREDE. "Maize seedling emergence in response to climatic variability in a tropical rainforest area." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 117, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.2.2082.
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<p>Environmental factors causing low seedling emergence often observed in tropical maize (Zea mays L.) are poorly documented. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weather factors on maize seedling emergence at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm (OAU TRF). Five maize varieties sown weekly, in 3-replicate RCBD experiments throughout the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons, were used to monitor emergence percentage (E %), emergence index (EI) and emergence rate index (ERI). Climatic data were obtained from the automatic weather station located on the farm. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) environmental effect for all traits. Soil moisture (Sm), relative humidity, air temperature, heat unit and soil heat flux (SHF) showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) correlation coefficients with all traits, but there was no relationship between the emergence traits and grain yield. Stepwise multiple regression and sequential path coefficient analyses indicated that increased Sm, rather than rainfall per se, increased the speed of emergence. Minimum air temperature and SHF with direct effects, and heat unit with indirect effect, negatively affected emergence the most. Relatively low Tmin and SHF, along with just enough Sm maximized seedling emergence in the rainforest agro-ecology of southwestern Nigeria.</p>
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Henry, Donald O., Carlos E. Cordova, Marta Portillo, Rosa-María Albert, Regina DeWitt, and Aline Emery-Barbier. "Blame it on the goats? Desertification in the Near East during the Holocene." Holocene 27, no. 5 (September 1, 2016): 625–37. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0959683616670470.
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The degree to which desertification during the Holocene resulted from climatic deterioration or alternatively from overgrazing has puzzled Quaternary scientists in many arid regions of the world. In the research reported upon here, a multi-disciplinary investigation of a 5-m deep, ~11,000-year-old sediment column excavated in a dry lake bed in southern Jordan revealed an early interval in which proxies of plant cover and sheep/goat stocking rates co-varied directly with climatic cycles. Beginning ~5.6 kcal BP, however, this pattern changed with fecal spherulite and phytolith densities failing to co-vary and with spherulites often greatly exceeding phytolith densities, which we suggest is indicative of overgrazing. Moreover, the lack of agreement between the high phytolith densities and other indicators of a desert landscape (i.e. geomorphic and palynologic) suggests that phytolith densities were inflated by fodder subsidies and as such are not entirely reflective of plant cover for this later interval. Given the co-incidental emergence of overgrazing with archaeological evidence for a marked rise in regional population, emergence of widespread trade, and expansion of the Timnian pastoral complex during Chalcolithic–early Bronze times, we argue that desertification was a consequence of socio-economic factors (e.g. higher stocking rates) associated with a shift from a subsistence to a market economy. In addition, we contend that the signature lithic artifact variety (tabular scraper) that appeared in great abundance during this period was directly tied to the emergent market economy and its secondary products (wool) in having been used to shear sheep. Moreover, in that these changes took place largely concurrent with local and regionally recognized evidence of a moist interval, we conclude that the mid- to late-Holocene desertification of the southern Levant was induced more by anthropogenic than climatic factors.
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Prokopenko, Olga. "PECULIARITIES OF THE MEDICAL AND BIOLOGICAL EMERGENCY MANAGEMENT PROCESS IN A REGION WITH UNSTABLE NATURAL AND CLIMATE." Information and Public Safety, no. 2021-2 (May 15, 2021): 25–33. http://dx.doi.org/10.53029/2786-4529-2021-2-4.
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The solution of the problem of determining the features of the process of emergency management of medical and biological nature in the region with unstable natural and climatic conditions in the conditions of constantly changing information load on the crisis management bodies is considered. Within the framework of the set task the modern tendencies of change of natural and climatic conditions in Ukraine and their influence on dynamics of distribution of medical and biological danger are analyzed. To consider the natural and climatic features of medical and biological emergency management on the example of the Cherkasy region as a region with unstable natural and climatic conditions. The obtained results allow, using innovative organizational and technical methods of prevention of emergencies of a similar nature, to further form a modern method of counteracting emergencies of medical and biological nature, supplementing these methods with an effective system of crisis management. It is determined that on the territory of Ukraine there is a sharp and heterogeneous change of weather and climatic conditions, which leads to potential negative consequences, as a man-made ecological nature, namely: thermal overload of a number of territories; increase of flooding areas; reduction of areas and violation of the species composition of green areas; increase of natural hydrometeorological phenomena; reduction of quantity and deterioration of drinking water quality; disruption of the normal functioning of energy systems and medical and biological nature, namely the increase in the number of infectious diseases and allergic manifestations, their modification and uncharacteristic growth and change of distribution areas; secondly, the nature of changes in weather and climatic characteristics in the Cherkasy region of Ukraine and its corresponding territorial location in relation to global climatic world processes defines the latter as a region with unstable weather and climatic conditions that territorially inhomogeneously affect the spread of medical and biological emergencies. Key words: emergency situation, mathematical model, medical and biological danger, anti-crisis management, unstable natural and climatic conditions.
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Polyakov, Aleksey Vasilievich, Vitaly Mikhailovich Usov, Boris Ivanovich Kryuchkov, Yu P. Chernyshev, and A. I. Motienko. "Innovative Solutions for Searching, Rescuing, and Rendering Assistance to Cosmonauts on the Forced Landing Place of the Descent Module Under Extreme Conditions of the Northern Climatic Zone." MANNED SPACEFLIGHT, no. 2(31) (June 4, 2019): 76–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.34131/msf.19.2.76-95.
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The paper considers new approaches to the use of unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) and associated technologies of emergency warning under extreme conditions of the northern climatic zones for expanding the search and rescue capabilities in case of the forced landing of the descent module (DM). The paper also analyzes the innovative solutions on the human protection against adverse environmental effects and the means for emergency medical care that are delivered to the landing place of the descent module and allow mitigating risks for surviving under unfavorable climatic conditions prior the evacuation operations begin.
Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Emergenza climatica"
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DELATIN, RODRIGUES DANIEL. "“How to become active?” Experiences and response on climate change in Milan, Italy." Doctoral thesis, Università degli Studi di Milano-Bicocca, 2022. http://hdl.handle.net/10281/378154.
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L'obiettivo di questa tesi è seguire le esperienze di vita al tempo dell'emergenza climatica e come, nelle situazioni particolari della città di Milano, si cerca di rispondere ad essa. Per seguire queste risposte in termini empirici abbiamo dato priorità a diversi spazi - tra il 2018 e il 2021 - in cui si sono sperimentate nuove socialità aperte a un'agenzia più che umana: la foresta urbana, l'attivismo climatico e le pratiche di rigenerazione sono state considerate come risposte particolari alle sfide climatiche attuali. La nostra tesi mostra che è necessario osservare le particolarità di queste risposte, senza assumere che ci sia un consenso su come il cambiamento climatico possa essere generato come un problema comune. Le diverse modalità di risposta evidenziano l'esistenza di situazioni problematiche in cui molteplici aspetti della vita collettiva urbana sono messi in discussione e criticati. I conflitti che emergono non possono essere considerati esclusivamente in termini di eccezionalismo umano, in quanto mostrano che esistono modi divergenti di generare questa agenzia più che umana nei progetti e nelle pratiche politiche.The aim of this thesis is to follow the experiences of living at the time of climate emergence and how, in the particular situations of the city of Milan, one seeks to respond to it. To follow these responses in empirical terms we prioritized different spaces - between 2018 and 2021 - where new socialites were experienced that were open to a more-than-human agency: the urban forest, climate activism and regeneration practices were considered as particular responses to current climate challenges . Our thesis shows that it is necessary to observe the particularities of these responses, without assuming that there is a consensus about how climate change can be generated as a common problem. The different modalities of response highlight the existence of problematic situations where multiple aspects of collective urban life are questioned and criticized. The conflicts that emerge cannot be considered exclusively in terms of human exceptionalism as they show that there exists divergent ways of generating this more-than-human agency in political projects and practices.
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Setiadi, Rukuh. "The Emergence of Local Climate Change Adaptation Policy: An Advocacy Coalition in Indonesian Cities 1993-2013." Thesis, Griffith University, 2017. http://hdl.handle.net/10072/367622.
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Recently, a growing trend in development and implementation of local climate change adaptation policies has been evident in several Indonesian cities. Some city governments have equipped themselves with climate change strategies, especially those which have maintained a substantial collaboration with international non- government organisations (NGOs) and aid agencies. These agencies invested a considerable amount of research on facts and evidence about climate change and its consequences at the city level. Equally importantly, learning mechanisms have been advocated to facilitate the transfer of knowledge. This phenomenon provides a promising setting for theoretical discourse about the emergence of climate adaptation policy at the city level and an opportunity to better understand the complex relationship between the roles of research (production of facts and evidence), learning (transfer of knowledge), and policy development (values and moral judgment).
The aim of this PhD project is to contribute to providing a more accurate explanation of the emergence of climate adaptation policies at the city level. Two main research questions will be addressed in this study: (1) What is the process of the development of climate adaptation policies at the city level? (2) Do policy research and learning mechanisms really matter when the city governments make decisions leading to climate adaptation policies?Thesis (PhD Doctorate)
Doctor of Philosophy (PhD)
Griffith School of Environment
Science, Environment, Engineering and Technology
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Ferreira, Nogueira Douglas. "Mobile-Based Early WarningSystems in Mozambique. : An exploratory study on the viability to integrate Cell Broadcast into disaster mitigation routines." Thesis, Uppsala universitet, Institutionen för informatik och media, 2019. http://urn.kb.se/resolve?urn=urn:nbn:se:uu:diva-378978.
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Mozambique is one of the countries most affected by natural hazards in the world. Therefore it can benefit greatly from enhancements on its early warning system. Cell broadcast, which is a technology able to send simultaneous alert messages to all mobile phones in a geographical area has gained attention of emergency authorities since various catastrophes in the years 2000’s and increasing diffusion of the mobile network. This research has looked into the disaster risk management routines in Mozambique, interviewing relevant institutions, to identify the currently in use early warning system and analyze the circuit of information from detecting a hazard until the transmission of alert messages to the population. The goal of this research has been to identify how alert messages are sent to the population and, based on currently available infrastructure, analyze the possibilities to use Cell Broadcast to target alerts to all subscribers on specific geographic zones. It has been identified that the country already uses a solution that sends SMS to a list of phone numbers registered in a database. Nonetheless, telecommunication operators in the country are willing to cooperate with emergency authorities to design a solution in which Cell Broadcast can be used to strategically target alerts to subscribers at designated areas of risk. In this way, enabling enhanced accuracy and efficiency of the public alert system in Mozambique, with reduced time between detection and the simultaneously delivery of public alert messages to the entire population or only to people located on relevant geographic zones. Furthermore, the results also allowed to speculate on the viability of automated solutions, which can be used in combination to the enhancements that Cell Broadcast can bring to disaster risk management routines.
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"Potential Emergence of Dengue in the Phoenix Metropolitan Area: A Micro-climatic and Demographic Analysis." Master's thesis, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/2286/R.I.41274.
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abstract: The spread of dengue worldwide currently places half of the world’s population at risk. In the absence of a dengue vaccine, control of the disease requires control of the mosquito species that transmit the virus. The most important of these is. Advances in research detailing the responsiveness of Aedes aegypti to small changes in climate enable the production of more sophisticated remote sensing and surveillance techniques for monitoring these populations. Close monitoring of global dengue activity and outbreaks likewise enables a greater specificity when determining to which human populations the virus is most likely to spread. There have been no locally acquired cases in Arizona to date, but the high abundance of Aedes aegypti in the Phoenix Metropolitan area raises concern within the Arizona Department of Health Services over the potential transmission of dengue in the city. This study develops a model that combines mosquito abundance, micro-climatic and demographic information to delineate regions in Phoenix that are most support transmission of dengue. The first chapter focuses on the impact that daytime high and low temperatures have on Aedes aegypti’s ability to become infectious with dengue. It argues that NDVI (normal difference vegetative index) imaging of the Phoenix area can be used to plot areas where mosquitoes are most likely to become competent vectors. The second chapter focuses on the areas in the city where mosquitoes are most likely to be exposed to the virus. Based on proximity to Phoenix and the high volume of traffic across the Arizona-Mexico border, I treat the Mexican state of Sonora as the source of infection. I combine these two analyses, micro-climatic and demographic, to produce maps of Phoenix that show the locations with the highest likelihood of transmission overall.Dissertation/Thesis
Masters Thesis Biology 2016
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Mgquba, Smangele K. "Sustainable development, disaster-risk reduction and governance : assessing climate change adaptation challenges facing South Africa." Thesis, 2012. http://hdl.handle.net/10539/11393.
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Ph.D., Faculty of Science, University of the Witwatersrand, 2011In this study, the linkages between sustainable development, disaster-risk reduction and governance are explored, with reference to climate change adaptation. The purpose of the assessment is to ascertain the effectiveness, or lack thereof, of these inter-linkages with regard to climate change adaptation in South Africa. First, a brief review of theoretical debates on sustainable development, disaster-risk reduction, governance and climate change adaptation is given. Currently, it seems, sustainable development, disaster-risk reduction and governance are viewed exclusively from each other and from climate change adaptation. Some theoretical debates suggest that successful, long-term climate change adaptation can only be accomplished if linkages between these concepts, and practices, where relevant, are recognized in development policies. There is thus, a need to understand the relationships between climate change adaptation and development policy AND their linkages and tradeoffs. Coupled to this understanding, there is also a need to assess the role of institutions as well as institutional barriers that may retard or pose a threat to long-term sustainable adaptation. For this case study, the focus is on the 2004/05 drought that occurred in the Eastern Cape. The drought of 2004/05 was particularly severe. Some parts of the Eastern Cape were declared disaster areas. This declaration prompted responses from the various spheres of government, e.g. national, provincial and local. The intention therefore is, firstly, to gain clarity on the linkages between development/sustainable development policies, disaster-risk reduction and governance in the Province that operated during this period and in the periods following this drought. Secondly, the intention is to understand how the spheres of governance work together in responding to climate-related disasters. Responses from the community reveal that coupled to poor development planning; there is also limited and poor institutional capacity to respond to the direct and indirect impacts of climate variability and change. This poor institutional capacity is further complicated by a lack of coordination between the three spheres of government, i.e. national, provincial and local, as well as across national government departments. It is suggested that first, a good structure of cooperative governance and disaster-risk reduction is needed in South Africa. This structure should allow for multi-faceted and holistic development planning that focuses on saving lives, protecting livelihoods and assets. A good structure of governance should provide an environment that is sustainable and conducive to long-term climate change adaptation. What this case study also reveals is that monetary relief and assistance alone is not an effective response to climate variability and change. What is thus also needed is more vigilant monitoring of development projects and relief-funds as well as coordinated governance of development activities between national, provincial and local governments. Such an organized structure of governance could aid the country in gearing up for climate change adaptation.
Books on the topic "Emergenza climatica"
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Center for Environmental Planning and Technology University (Ahmadābād, India), ed. Stakeholder responses to climatic disasters: A case of Batticaloa, Sri Lanka. Ahmedabad: CEPT University Press, 2012.
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The Environment emergency: Exploring solutions for a sustainable future. New Delhi: The Energy and Resources Institute, 2010.
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La fuga di Astrea: Giustizia, povertà e cambiamento climatico : la filosofia politica di fronte alle emergenze globali. Roma: Luiss University Press, 2012.
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Richard, Hawkins, and Public Interest Research Centre (Machynlleth, Wales), eds. Climate safety: In case of emergency--. Machynlleth, Wales: Public Interest Research Centre, 2008.
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Richard, Hawkins, and Public Interest Research Centre (Machynlleth, Wales), eds. Climate safety: In case of emergency--. Machynlleth, Wales: Public Interest Research Centre, 2008.
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(Philippines), Oxfam Great Britain. Rising to the call: Good practices in disaster risk reduction and climate change adaptation in the Philippines. Quezon City, Philippines: Oxfam, 2011.
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Singh, Ashbindu, and Zinta Zommers. Reducing disaster: Early warning systems for climate change. Dordrecht: Springer, 2014.
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Bruce, J. P. Disaster mitigation and preparedness in a changing climate: A synthesis paper. [Ottawa]: Emergency Preparedness Canada, 1999.
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Workshop on Climate Change Impact Modeling (2006 Dhaka, Bangladesh). Workshop on Climate Change Impact Modeling: Report and presentations. Dhaka: Climate Change Cell, Dept. of Environment, 2006.
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Preparedness, Canada Emergency. Disaster mitigation and preparedness in a changing climate: A synthesis paper. Ottawa: Emergency Preparedness, 2000.
Find full textBook chapters on the topic "Emergenza climatica"
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Leighton, Patrick, L. Robbin Lindsay, and Nicholas Ogden. "Climate and the emergence of tick-borne disease in Canada." In Climate, ticks and disease, 507–12. Wallingford: CABI, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1079/9781789249637.0073.
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Abstract This expert opinion focuses on the impact of climatic change on the local densities of tick populations, transmission potential for tick-borne pathogens, the abundance of infected ticks in the environment and, ultimately, the human and animal health burden of tick-borne diseases in Canada.
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Pezeshk, Sara. "Bio-Tile: An Intelligent Hybrid-Infrastructure." In Proceedings of the 2021 DigitalFUTURES, 80–91. Singapore: Springer Singapore, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-981-16-5983-6_8.
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AbstractBio-tile is a multipurpose artifact designed for protecting the coastline from erosion while creating a landscape element and an architectural experience for visitors. Bio-tile performs as a mitigation strategy to slow down erosion while promoting biodiversity. This paper describes the methodology used to develop the bio-tile as the nexus between digital and environmental for resolving coastline challenges through material tectonics. A non-linear algorithm and nature’s inherent code are used to develop the Bio-tile, a nature-based hybrid infrastructure. This approach aims to generate a performance-oriented design by using emergence theory to construct shoreline elements adaptive to climatic conditions.
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Magiri, Royford, Kaampwe Muzandu, George Gitau, Kennedy Choongo, and Paul Iji. "Impact of Climate Change on Animal Health, Emerging and Re-emerging Diseases in Africa." In African Handbook of Climate Change Adaptation, 1835–51. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-45106-6_19.
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AbstractThe threat of climate change and global warming is gaining worldwide recognition. The African continent, because of its size, diversity, and its new status as a “hub” of livestock production, need to gear up to mitigate the possible impacts of climate change on animal health. The aim of this review article is to summarize the current state of knowledge regarding the influence of climate and climate change on the health of food-producing animals. Depending on its intensity and duration, heat stress may directly affect livestock health by causing metabolic disruptions, oxidative stress, and immune suppression, causing increased disease susceptibility, and death. Animal health could also be affected by emergence and re-emergence of vector- and non-vector-borne pathogens that are highly dependent on climatic conditions. The response to these challenges requires community participation in the adaptation of animal production systems to new environments and strengthening the efficiency of veterinary services delivery combined with well-coordinated public health services, since many emerging human diseases are zoonotic.
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Simmons, Andrew. "The Emergence of New Climatic Storms: Global Perspective on the Application of Top-Down and Bottom-Up Approaches to Address Climate Change Adaptation." In Sustainable Development Goals Series, 61–76. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-50657-5_4.
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Kahime, Kholoud, Moulay Abdelmonaim El Hidan, Denis Sereno, Bounoua Lahouari, Abdelkrim Ben Salem, Abdellaziz Ait Mansour, Mohammed Messouli, and Mohammed Yacoubi Khebiza. "Climatic Factors Impacting Leishmaniasis Risk in a Global View." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 359–73. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7775-1.ch018.
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Leishmaniasis is a complex disease comprised of multiple organisms in association. Each of these organisms responds differently to external factors. The environmental and socio-economic associations contribute to the dynamics and emergence of leishmaniasis across the globe. Ecological dynamics of the vector-parasite-host system of leishmaniasis influenced directly and indirectly both human and animal health. The transitions and rapid climate and socio-economic changes caused a transition of emergence and re-emergence of leishmaniasis outbreaks. The pattern of changes is influenced by the distribution and abundance as well as the spatial dynamics of vector and reservoirs species, which in turn disrupts ecosystem structure of vector and parasite. In Morocco, leishmaniasis are endemic and constitute a major public health threat. The observations showed significant variations in its spatial distribution and forms through Morocco with increase in the number of recorded cases during the last couple of years. Here, the authors discuss disease change related to climate and socio-economic influence.
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Boyden, Michael. "Astonishing Contrasts in J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur’s Caribbean Sketches." In Climate and the Picturesque in the American Tropics, 40–63. Oxford University PressOxford, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1093/oso/9780192868305.003.0003.
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Abstract Under the influence of emergent scientific insights in atmospheric chemistry and plant physiology, a growing concern for climatic variation is evident in travel narratives about the American tropics, where the consequences of intense monoculture and extractivism were more visible than elsewhere. This chapter explores the implications of this developing climate awareness in J. Hector St. John de Crèvecœur’s Journey into Northern Pennsylvania and the State of New York (1801). While largely neglected by critics, this work points to a broader shift in climatic epistemologies toward the end of the eighteenth century. Mobilizing a picturesque register of contrasting effects to dramatize and interrogate the climatic differences between the Caribbean and the American mainland colonies, the Journey reveals deep-seated anxieties regarding humans’ impact on the climate that call into question received interpretations of Crèvecœur’s work as an expression of agrarian individualism.
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Ben Salem, Abdelkrim, Ahmed Karmaoui, Souad Ben Salem, and Ali Ait Boughrous. "Geographical Distribution of Cutaneous Leishmaniasis and Its Relationship With Climate Change in Southeastern Morocco." In Advances in Environmental Engineering and Green Technologies, 136–52. IGI Global, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-7998-2197-7.ch007.
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The current chapter deals with one of the most neglected tropical diseases in Morocco, the cutaneous leishmaniasis. It is based on 10-year research (2010-2017) on the evolution of leishmaniasis taking climate change into account. Epidemiological and climatological data were collected from different administrations. The Geographic Information System (GIS) is chosen for interpolation, space-time analysis of climate data and map creation. The SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and to establish the relationship between Leishmaniasis and climatic conditions. Results show that the maximum number of cases is recorded in 2010 with 4,407 people affected while the low number is recorded in 2014 with 18 cases. Results also show a clear link between climatic factors and the incidence of the disease. The distribution of the disease in the province is influenced by maximum temperature, aridity, and vegetation cover. Additionally, anthropogenic factors play a significant role in explaining the emergence or re-emergence of leishmaniasis in the region.
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Sarmento, Cristiane Dias e., and Marcel Giovanni Costa Franca. "Neotropical Forests from their Emergence to the Future Scenario of Climatic Changes." In Vegetation. InTech, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.5772/intechopen.72608.
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Eudoxie, Gaius, and Ronald Roopnarine. "Climate Change Adaptation and Disaster Risk Management in the Caribbean." In Emergency and Disaster Management, 89–118. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-6195-8.ch006.
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Caribbean countries share unique features such as small size, geographical location, limited natural resources, low economic status aligned with ambitious developmental agendas, all of which influences their vulnerability to natural disasters. Agriculture and tourism are the main economic drivers for Caribbean states. Notably, both these sectors are highly prone to natural disasters. Other sectors including forestry, biodiversity, coastal resources and inland water resources are also susceptible to climatic hazards. The eroding natural resource base aligned to these sectors demands appropriate management. Risk assessment is integral in planning and preparing for natural hazards. Several methods have been used in the Caribbean with varying success. Two successful examples are the Land Degradation Assessment (LADA) conducted in Grenada and the Landslide Mapping in Trinidad. The LADA project geospatially quantified the extent of land degradation and presented data in support of natural resource management. The Caribbean Disaster Emergency Management Agency (CDEMA) was a milestone establishment for regional disaster management. Introduction and implementation of the Comprehensive Disaster Management (CDM) strategy transformed disaster management from simply response and recovery, to include preparedness, prevention and mitigation. This approach included the appointment of national focal points in all participating countries, a feature that aimed to build and improve communication channels. Whilst mostly positive, the present approach has also showcased limitations to long term sustainability. Most islands lack effective governance structures with a dedicated budget to disaster management and where available, activities are centrally operated. Improving social resilience through community engagement is seen as critical to the success of CDM. Social media has also been shown to add real value to networking and communication in disaster management.
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Yucesan, Melih, Muhammet Gul, Suleyman Mete, and Erkan Celik. "A Forecasting Model for Patient Arrivals of an Emergency Department in Healthcare Management Systems." In Advances in Healthcare Information Systems and Administration, 266–84. IGI Global, 2019. http://dx.doi.org/10.4018/978-1-5225-7071-4.ch012.
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Emergency departments (EDs) are one of the most valuable departments of healthcare management systems. Patient arrivals at the EDs are crucial for planning of the future. Accurate forecasting of patient arrivals contributes to better organized human resources and medical devices in the EDs. Therefore, in this chapter, the authors aim to develop a hybrid model including the methods of autoregressive integrated moving average with external variables (ARIMAX) and artificial neural network (ANN) in a hospital ED. The arrival data was collected from the hospital information system of a public hospital in eastern Turkey. The model incorporates factors related to ED arrivals such as climatic and calendar variables. By the aid of the proposed model, an insight to arrangement and planning of ED resources can be provided in a better way.
Conference papers on the topic "Emergenza climatica"
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Giamello, J. D., R. Melchio, L. Bertolaccini, C. Rendina, P. Caraccio, M. Rega, S. Capriotti, et al. "Relationship between climatic factors and emergency department visits for respiratory diseases." In ERS International Congress 2022 abstracts. European Respiratory Society, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1183/13993003.congress-2022.1615.
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ŠIDLAUSKAS, Gvidas, Irena PRANCKIETIENĖ, Rūta DROMANTIENĖ, and Viktoras PRANCKIETIS. "THE EFFECT OF AGRONOMIC AND CLIMATIC FACTORS ON WINTER OILSEED RAPE (BRASSICA NAPUS L.) ROOT NECK GROWTH IN AUTUMN." In Rural Development 2015. Aleksandras Stulginskis University, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.15544/rd.2015.025.
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The aim of this study was to investigate the growth habit of winter oilseed rape root neck during the vegetative period in autumn. Such information is important for better understanding of winter oilseed rape growth pattern at early stages of development with the purpose to improve over winter survival. Field trials were conducted on Endocalcari – Epihypogleyic Cambisols. For the determination of changes of winter oilseed rape root neck thickness during autumnal development the effect of planting date, seedbed nitrogen application, stand population density, number of calendar days after emergence, accumulated by plants growing degree days and interaction among these factors was tested. For the description of the root neck growth pattern Boltzmann’s growth function performing a nonlinear fitting of estimating parameters was used. Results collected in the experiments indicate that the effect of sowing date including accumulated by plants growing degree days and the number of calendar days after emergence showed much greater effect on winter oilseed rape root diameter than seeding rate or pre-plant nitrogen application. On the basis of collected data winter oilseed rape root neck growth model was developed. These studies that relate mentioned factors to fall growth of winter oilseed rape root neck are presented in the paper.
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Berg, Tor Einar, Even Ambros Holte, Grethe Osborg Ose, and Hilde Færevik. "Safety at Sea: Improving Search and Rescue (SAR) Operations in the Barents Sea." In ASME 2013 32nd International Conference on Ocean, Offshore and Arctic Engineering. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/omae2013-10292.
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In this paper, we select some of the crucial issues for future search and rescue (SAR) operations in the Barents Sea. The different nations that are involved and the resources necessary to build emergency preparedness due to the climatic conditions are thus important factors. This paper summarizes the state of the art within these areas while also indicating future development needs. The special requirements for life saving equipment on vessels due to the climate and requirement on personal protective equipment related to accidental immersion are also essential and thus presented in this paper. In addition, safe haven designs where the vessel itself is designed to provide shelter for personnel in distress is also a topic chosen to be addressed.
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Zalesova, V. I., and E. S. Len. "PROBLEMS OF FOOD SECURITY IN THE REPUBLIC OF BELARUS AND THE WAYS OF THEIR SOLUTION IN THE CONDITIONS OF AGRO CLIMATIC ZONES." In SAKHAROV READINGS 2022: ENVIRONMENTAL PROBLEMS OF THE XXI CENTURY. International Sakharov Environmental Institute of Belarusian State University, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.46646/sakh-2022-2-148-151.
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Climate has always had a significant impact on human activity. Such weather-dependent sectors of the economy as agriculture, water and forestry are especially affected by the climate. An increase in air temperature has a positive effect on the growth of agricultural crops and may lead to the emergence of new crops for the republic. At the same time, an increase in the average annual temperature also has disadvantages, such as a decrease in the yield of some crops, the appearance of new pests and diseases in plants. Food security as a component of national security acts as a kind of indicator of the level of development of society. Its achievement is one of the main goals of the agro-industrial policy of the state.
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Emorine, Denis. "Railway Brake System in Nordic Countried Application in Sweden's Challenges and Constrains." In EuroBrake 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/7529563eb2021-mfm-003.
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Manufacturing train fleets for countries that have extreme weather/climatic condition is always a specific challenge, moreover when the concerned country has a huge difference itself inside. Even under such specific constraints and conditions, the train and in particular the brake system must remain reliable and available. Some simple examples: How can we (car builders) make sure that the train will still brake if ice or snow is built up on brake acting component? Or if the exhaust of brake pipe (emergency brake) is clogged by ice?</p></li> If a train has failure between 2 far station (>250 km), it shall be able to run to reach the next (far) station. The presentation aims to: Present the fleet running locations, numbers and route distances, Present the requirements depending on the location (south vs north vs center Sweden), weather conditions (snowy, extremely cold)…, Overview of the specific solutions and features present to fit to the constrains: redundant AGTU for specific region, specific retardation test from brake and signaling system. We will present the real effect by examples of the snowy, extremely cold, humid climatic conditions: Pictures of a train with bogie completely hidden behind snow, Video of iced caliper moving by braking the ice (test bench) This will be just quick go through, since we plan a dedicated presentation for the winterization separately for the session in 2020. We will also present the specific feature of the brake and signaling system for Sweden: Retardation test. What is the aim? What is the historical development of it? How does it work? What are the attention compared to a performance test?</p></li> What are the special solutions used for adapting the retardation test from UIC to a direct brake system?
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Rostova, E. N. "Brassica nigra in the steppe Crimea." In РАЦИОНАЛЬНОЕ ИСПОЛЬЗОВАНИЕ ПРИРОДНЫХ РЕСУРСОВ В АГРОЦЕНОЗАХ. Federal State Budget Scientific Institution “Research Institute of Agriculture of Crimea”, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.33952/2542-0720-15.05.2020.32.
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The expansion of the oilseeds adapted to the soil and climatic conditions of the steppe Crimea will increase the biodiversity on the peninsula and, therefore, maximize the efficient use of its natural potential. Brassica nígra is an insufficiently studied crop under the conditions of the Crimean steppe zone. Therefore, the aim of the research was to study the biological characteristics, seed productivity, and yield quality indicators of some varieties of Brassica nígra in the aforementioned environmental conditions. We studied two varieties of Brassica nígra namely ‘Niagara’ and ‘Smuglyanka’ under rain-fed conditions without any fertilizers. Preceding crop – winter wheat. Cultivation technology – generally accepted. The growing season of ‘Niagara’ variety was 4-7 days shorter than that of ‘Smuglyanka’. This difference was due to the late emergence of seedlings. However, all the following stages of growth and development took place almost simultaneously. In 2017-2019, ‘Niagara’ variety gave the highest yield (0.45 t/ha) exceeding ‘Smuglyanka’ by 0.15 t/ha. The maximum content of fatty oil was in the ‘Niagara’ seeds – 39.3%; ‘Smuglyanka’ contained 24.7%. The main advantage of ‘Niagara’ – high content of essential oil in the seeds (0.96%), which is 3.7 times higher than in the seeds of the ‘Smuglyanka’ variety.
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Font, Xavier, and Carlos Luján. "Bodies and trailers effect on CO2 emissions '“ a regulatory proposal for Europe." In FISITA World Congress 2021. FISITA, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.46720/f2021-epv-074.
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With the climatic change already classified by some governments and organizations as a climatic emergency, and with the aim of fulfilling the acquired compromises, such as the Paris agreement, European Union is developing several measures in order to reduce the CO2 emissions. One of the main contributors to CO2 emissions in Europe is the fleet of freight vehicles which are on the European roads daily, with a 25% of the total amount of CO2 emissions emitted by road transports. The EU has already tackled a big part of the problem, with the entry into force of regulations defining strict CO2 limits for passenger cars (WLTP cycle), as well as for trucks (VECTO). EU strategy is still ongoing, with different proposals for the extension of the scope of these measures, not only to include additional categories of vehicles, but also to evaluate the effect of innovative technologies on the fuel efficiency of those vehicles. One of those proposals is the extension of the scope of regulation (EU)2017/2400 implementing Regulation (EC) No 595/2009 of the European Parliament and of the Council as regards the determination of the CO 2 emissions and fuel consumption of heavy-duty vehicles and amending Directive 2007/46/EC of the European Parliament and of the Council and Commission Regulation (EU) No 582/2011 so as to include the effect of bodies for completed vehicles and trailers or semitrailers in the global efficiency of trucks. As a result of a public call for tenders from DG-CLIMA on the subject “Bodies and trailers – development of CO2 emissions determination procedure”, IDIADA, in association with Graz University of Technology and Transport & Mobility Leuven NV has defined a methodology to consider the effect of bodies and trailers on CO2 emissions. This paper will focus on the analysis of the different existing regulatory schemes worldwide that has been used as a starting point for the definition of the methodology. Furthermore, a comparison between such existing schemes and the proposed methodology is presented, considering the particularities of the European fleet of commercial vehicles. Finally, an overview of the next steps of the European union with regards to the introduction of such proposal as part of the European regulatory Framework will be analyzed.
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Rusakov, Aleksey, Yulia Simonova, Aleksandr Ryumin, A. Popov, and Natalya Lemeshko. "ESTIMATION OF THE FERTILITY OF AGRICULTURAL SOILS IN THE NORTHERN PART OF THE YAROSLAVSK REGION AND TRENDS OF THEIR EVOLUTIONARY CHANGES FOR A 30-YEAR POST AGROGENIC PERIOD BASED ON THE SOIL- ECOLOGICAL INDEX." In Land Degradation and Desertification: Problems of Sustainable Land Management and Adaptation. LLC MAKS Press, 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.29003/m1681.978-5-317-06490-7/81-86.
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The assessment of the agricultural production potential of the soils of the former arable lands was carried out on the basis of the updated soil-ecological index. It was revealed that among the agrosoils of Poshekhonsk district, soils with 20-39 points prevail, which generally indicates low and medium levels of potential soil fertility in the studied area in the late perestroika period. Comparison of morphological and genetic properties of soils for the period 1988-1990 and for 2019 showed the trends of their evolutionary changes. Multidirectional trends in the transformation of soil properties, developed on a contrasting lithogenic parent rocks, with a change in land use during the last 30-35-year period have been established. In loamy soils, stable hydromorphism features are observed everywhere, degradation processes prevail, expressed in dehumification, a sharp depletion of mobile forms of mineral nutrition elements of plants and, in some cases, acidification of humus postagrogenic horizons. It has been established that fallow soils on loamy parent material are characterized by a noticeable (by 1.1-1.9 times) decrease in the values of soil-ecological index in comparison with their arable state. On the contrary, in soils of light particle size distribution, the dominant processes are due to an increase in humus content and a decrease in acidity. The specificity of postagrogenic evolution and the emergence of new soil properties should be taken into account when performing soil-agroecological assessments and forecasting agricultural production potential against the background of changed climatic conditions.
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Korneeva, Yana, and Natalia Simonova. "Psychological Adaptation Peculiarities of the Offshore Ice-Resistant Oil and Gas Production Platform Workers in the Caspian Sea." In SPE Annual Technical Conference and Exhibition. SPE, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.2118/205956-ms.
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Abstract The fly-in-fly-out personnel on the oil platform are exposed to extreme climatic and geographic and production factors, and also remain in group isolation conditions, which makes demands on the body of the fly-in-fly-out worker that often exceed its reserves. This excludes the possibility of full psychological adaptation to these conditions and causes the emergence of specialist's unfavorable functional states, which lead to a decrease in the mental health level, productivity and professional performance. The worker's labor tasks of various professions differ in physical and physiological stress, as well as in the degree of harmful production factors action. The goal is to identify the psychological adaptability of the offshore ice-resistant oil and gas production platform fly-in-fly-out employees in the Caspian Sea. The study was conducted on the offshore ice-resistant platform in the Caspian Sea (April 2019), 50 employees took part in it (fly-in duration - 14 days \ fly-out period – 14 days). Research methods are questionnaire, psychological and psychophysiological testing. By psychological adaptation we understand a personality traits system necessary for the productive performance of our leading activities. Due to the fact that fly-in-fly-out oil and gas workers are affected by climate, production and socio-psychological factors, we will study psychological adaptability through subjective criteria: indicators of regulatory processes, subjective control, socio-psychological adaptation, as well as personal characteristics, and objective criteria: functional state level (working capacity, job stress and other). The psychological adaptability peculiarities were revealed among employees with an optimal and reduced level of functional reserves and working capacity. The oil and gas production platform employees are distinguished by a high level of self-regulation, which is expressed in the ability to form a self-regulation style that allows them to compensate for the personal influence, characterological characteristics that impede the goal achievement. Among the regulatory processes, a high expression level is observed in planning and modeling. The employees have a need for conscious planning of activities, the plans in this case are realistic, detailed, hierarchical, effective and stable, the goals of the activity are put forward independently. They are able to identify significant conditions for achieving goals both in the current situation and in the long-term future, which is manifested in the adequacy of the action programs to the action plans, the results correspondence obtained to the adopted goals. Programming, evaluation of results, independence and flexibility are developed among employees at an average level. The workers are characterized by an average subjective control level. They believe that most of the important events in their life are the result of their own actions, that they can control them, and feel their own responsibility for these events and for the way their life in general develops. It should be noted that there is a negative relationship between the subjective control level and the functional reserves level of employees. With an increase in the subjective control level, the internal reserves decrease level. This can be explained by the fact that taking responsibility for life events requires more inclusion and resources. A high level of subjective control can lead to overexertion of employees. This is confirmed by the results of our previous studies.
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Lonia, B., N. K. Nayar, S. B. Singh, and P. L. Bali. "Techno Economic Aspects of Power Generation From Agriwaste in India." In 17th International Conference on Fluidized Bed Combustion. ASMEDC, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/fbc2003-170.
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The agricultural operations in India are suffering from a serious problem of shortage of electrical power on one side and economic and effective disposal of agriwaste stuff on the other. India being agriculture based country, 70% of its main income (share in GDP) comes from agriculture sector. Any enhancement of income from this sector is based upon adequate supply of basic inputs in this sector. Regular and adequate power supply is one such input. But, the position of power supply in our country defies both these characteristics. With a major portion of power produced being sent to the industrial and urban consumers, there is a perennial shortage of power in the agriculture sector. Consequently, there is an emergent need to produce more power in order to fulfil the needs of this sector effectively. One way of accomplishing this is setting up captive, preferably rural based, small power generation plants. In these power plants, instead of water-head, diesel oil or coal, we can use agri-residue to produce electricity. One such power plant (1–2 MW capacity) can satisfy the power need of 25 to 40 nearby villages. The agriwaste like rice straw, sugarcane-trash, coir-pith, peanut shells, wheat stalks & straw, cottonseed, stalks and husk, soyabean stalks, maize stalks & cobs, sorghum. Bagasse, wallnut shells, sunflower seeds, shells, hulls and kernels and coconut husk, wastewood and saw dust can be fruitfully utilized in power generation. This stuff is otherwise a waste and liability and consumes a lot of effort on its disposal; in addition to being a fire and health hazard. Agriwaste stuff which at present is available in abundance and prospects of its utilization in producing energy are enormous. This material can be procured at reasonably low rates from the farmers who will thus be benefited economically, apart from being relieved of the responsibility of its disposal. Agri-residue has traditionally been a major source of heat energy in rural areas in India. It is a valuable fuel even in the sub-urban areas. Inspite of rapid increase in the supply of, access lo and use of fossil fuels, agri-residue is likely to continue to play an important role, in the foreseeable future. Therefore, developing and promoting techno-economically-viable technologies to utilize agri-residue efficiently should be a persuit of high priority. Though there is no authentic data available with regard to the exact quantity of agricultural and agro-industrial residues, its rough estimate has been put at about 350 mt per annum. It is also estimated that the total cattle refuse generated is nearly 250 mt per year. Further, nearly 20% of the total land is under forest cover, which produces approximately 50 mt of fuel wood and with associated forest waste of about 5 mt.(1). Taking into account the utilization of even a portion (say 30%) of this agri-residue & agro-industrial waste as well as energy plantation on one million hectare (mha) of wastelands for power generation through bioenergy technologies, a potential of some 18000 MW of power has been estimated. From the foregoing, it is clear that there is an enormous untapped potential for energy generation from agri-residue. What is required is an immediate and urgent intensification of dedicated efforts in this field, with a view to bringing down the unit energy cost and improving efficiency and reliability of agri-waste production, conversion and utilisation, leading to subsequent saving of fossil fuels for other pressing applications. The new initiatives in national energy policy are most urgently needed to accelerate the social and economic development of the rural areas. It demands a substantial increase in production and consumption of energy for productive purposes. Such initiatives are vital for promoting the goals of sustainability. cleaner production and reduction of long-term risks of environmental pollution and consequent adverse climatic changes in future. A much needed significant social, economic and industrial development has yet to take place in large parts of rural India; be it North, West, East or South. It can be well appreciated that a conscious management of agri-residue, which is otherwise a serious liability of the farmer, through its economic conversion into electric power can offer a reasonably viable solution to our developmental needs. This vision will have to be converted into a reality within a decade or so through dedicated and planned R&D work in this area. There is a shimmering promise that the whole process of harvesting, collection, transport and economic processing and utilisation of agri-waste can be made technically and economically more viable in future. Thus, the foregoing paras amply highlight the value of agri-residue as a prospective source of electric power, particularly for supplementing the main grid during the lean supply periods or peak load hours and also for serving the remote areas in the form of stand-alone units giving a boost to decentralised power supply. This approach and option seems to be positive in view of its potential contribution to our economic and social development. No doubt, this initiative needs to be backed and perused rigorously for removing regional imbalances as well as strengthening National economy. This paper reviews the current situation with regards to generation of agriwaste and its prospects of economic conversion into electrical power, technologies presently available for this purpose, and the problems faced in such efforts. It emphasizes the need for an integrated approach to devise ways and means for generating electrical power from agriwaste; keeping in mind the requirements of cleaner production and environmental protection so that the initiative leads to a total solution.
Reports on the topic "Emergenza climatica"
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Abebe, Heran, and Getachew Belaineh. Key Considerations: Social Science Perspectives for Emergency Response to the Conflict in Northern Ethiopia. SSHAP, October 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2022.031.
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Ethiopia is currently experiencing several intersecting humanitarian crises including conflict, climatic shocks, COVID-19, desert locust infestation and more. These intersecting crises are affecting nearly 30 million people and resulting in food insecurity, displacement and protection risks. As of February 2022, over 2.5 million people were estimated to have been displaced as a result of the ongoing conflict-driven humanitarian crisis in the Northern Ethiopian regions of Tigray, Amhara and Afar that began in November 2020. As of May 2022, 9.4 million were in need of humanitarian aid in the region. Private and public assets have been destroyed, already fragile livelihoods damaged, and communities left in dire need of support. This brief outlines important contextual factors and social impacts of the Northern Ethiopian crisis and offers key considerations to improve the effectiveness of the humanitarian response. It is based on a rapid review of existing published and grey literature and conversations with relevant stakeholders, including people from affected regions and humanitarian responders. This brief is part of a series authored by participants from the SSHAP Fellowship and was written by Heran Abebe and Getachew Belaineh from Cohort 2. It was reviewed by Ezana Amdework (Addis Ababa University), Kelemework Tafere (Mekelle University), and Yomif Worku (independent humanitarian advisor), and was supported by Tabitha Hrynick from the SSHAP team at the Institute of Development Studies. The brief is the responsibility of the SSHAP.
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Perdigão, Rui A. P., and Julia Hall. Spatiotemporal Causality and Predictability Beyond Recurrence Collapse in Complex Coevolutionary Systems. Meteoceanics, November 2020. http://dx.doi.org/10.46337/201111.
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Causality and Predictability of Complex Systems pose fundamental challenges even under well-defined structural stochastic-dynamic conditions where the laws of motion and system symmetries are known. However, the edifice of complexity can be profoundly transformed by structural-functional coevolution and non-recurrent elusive mechanisms changing the very same invariants of motion that had been taken for granted. This leads to recurrence collapse and memory loss, precluding the ability of traditional stochastic-dynamic and information-theoretic metrics to provide reliable information about the non-recurrent emergence of fundamental new properties absent from the a priori kinematic geometric and statistical features. Unveiling causal mechanisms and eliciting system dynamic predictability under such challenging conditions is not only a fundamental problem in mathematical and statistical physics, but also one of critical importance to dynamic modelling, risk assessment and decision support e.g. regarding non-recurrent critical transitions and extreme events. In order to address these challenges, generalized metrics in non-ergodic information physics are hereby introduced for unveiling elusive dynamics, causality and predictability of complex dynamical systems undergoing far-from-equilibrium structural-functional coevolution. With these methodological developments at hand, hidden dynamic information is hereby brought out and explicitly quantified even beyond post-critical regime collapse, long after statistical information is lost. The added causal insights and operational predictive value are further highlighted by evaluating the new information metrics among statistically independent variables, where traditional techniques therefore find no information links. Notwithstanding the factorability of the distributions associated to the aforementioned independent variables, synergistic and redundant information are found to emerge from microphysical, event-scale codependencies in far-from-equilibrium nonlinear statistical mechanics. The findings are illustrated to shed light onto fundamental causal mechanisms and unveil elusive dynamic predictability of non-recurrent critical transitions and extreme events across multiscale hydro-climatic problems.