Journal articles: 'Emergency nursing Saudi Arabia Case studies'

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Almegewly, Wafa Hamad, Sanna Hawamdah, Fatchima Laouali Moussa, Wireen Leila Tanggawohn Dator, Anwar Alonezi, and Majid Al-Eissa. "Measuring Nurses’ and Physicians’ Attitudes and Perceptions of the Appropriate Interventions towards Intimate Partner Violence in Saudi Arabia." Healthcare 10, no. 8 (July 30, 2022): 1430. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081430.

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Background: Intimate partner violence (IPV) is considered the most common form of violence against women worldwide, concerning public health, safety, and human rights. However, little to no studies in Saudi Arabia have explored the attitude and perception of health care providers working in emergency departments toward IPV. This study aimed to measure the attitude and perception of Emergency Room (ER) health care providers towards the appropriate intervention for IPV. Methods: This is a cross-sectional quantitative study. Data was collected from a convenient sample of nurses (n = 88) and physicians (n = 18) working in ER, using Readiness to Manage Intimate Partner Violence Survey (PREMIS). Data was collected from two hospitals in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia, and descriptive analysis was used to analyze the data. Results: The majority of the respondents were aged 18–40 (n = 106, 78%), while 22% were 41–60 years old, 69% were female, and 31% were male. Eighty-five percent were nurses and 15% were physicians. The majority of the respondents did not have any training on IPV and had gained knowledge or skills mostly during their medical/nursing classroom and clinical training. The analysis revealed that the participants had moderate levels of overall preparedness, knowledge about IPV, and perceived knowledge, with a mean score of 2.30, 18.62, and 2.18, respectively. The respondents had low scores in practice issues in new diagnosis (0.91), current screening (1.69), and actions when IPV is identified (0.91). The perceived preparedness and knowledge have a significant positive correlation, as shown by an r value of 0.8476 and a p-value of <0.05. Conclusion: The study shows that participants stated minimal previous IPV knowledge and training. It is necessary to put in place adequate resources and specific training programs to overcome this issue for both ER nurses and physicians.

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Arbour, Richard, Hanan Mesfer Saad AlGhamdi, and Linda Peters. "Islam, Brain Death, and Transplantation." AACN Advanced Critical Care 23, no. 4 (October 1, 2012): 381–94. http://dx.doi.org/10.4037/nci.0b013e3182683b1e.

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A significant gap exists between availability of organs for transplant and patients with end-stage organ failure for whom organ transplantation is the last treatment option. Reasons for this mismatch include inadequate approach to potential donor families and donor loss as a result of refractory cardiopulmonary instability during and after brainstem herniation. Other reasons include inadequate cultural competence and sensitivity when communicating with potential donor families. Clinicians may not have an understanding of the cultural and religious perspectives of Muslim families of critically ill patients who may be approached about brain death and organ donation. This review analyzes Islamic cultural and religious perspectives on organ donation, transplantation, and brain death, including faith-based directives from Islamic religious authorities, definitions of death in Islam, and communication strategies when discussing brain death and organ donation with Muslim families. Optimal family care and communication are highlighted using case studies and backgrounds illustrating barriers and approaches with Muslim families in the United States and in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia that can improve cultural competence and family care as well as increase organ availability within the Muslim population and beyond.

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Sultan, Mohammed Ali Salem, Amir Khorram-Manesh, Eric Carlström, Jarle Løwe Sørensen, Hadi Jaber Al Sulayyim, and Fabian Taube. "Nurses’ Readiness for Emergencies and Public Health Challenges—The Case of Saudi Arabia." Sustainability 12, no. 19 (September 23, 2020): 7874. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su12197874.

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This study was aimed at assessing the readiness of 200 emergency nurses in the southern part of Saudi Arabia in the management of public health emergencies, major incidents, and disasters by using quantitative research through a self-reporting validated questionnaire containing 10 different dimensions. All registered nurses working in emergency departments who were willing to participate, of all ages and gender groups, were included. Nurses who were not present during the study period because of vacation or maternity leave, nurses at the managerial level, and nursing aides were excluded. The participating nurses reported good knowledge in almost all investigated aspects of the theoretical dimensions of emergency management. However, they revealed perceived weaknesses in practical dimensions of emergency management and difficulties in assessing their own efforts. There was a significant correlation between qualification and the dimensions of emergency preparedness, epidemiology and surveillance, isolation and quarantine and critical resources, which indicates a need for strengthening their practical contribution as well as their theoretical knowledge. Educational initiatives combining theoretical and practical aspects of emergency management may provide an opportunity to examine nurses’ knowledge, skills, and abilities continuously in an environment with no harm to patients.

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Tarek M. Esmael, Sami Fawzy, Hany Hosny, Omar Al Rashed, Anas Alnasser, Tariq Al Anazi, and Arulanantham Zechariah Jebakumar. "Work related injuries sustained by emergency medical technicians and paramedics in Saudi Arabia." International Journal of Pharmacometrics and Integrated Biosciences 6, no. 1 (March 27, 2021): 14–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.26452/ijpib.v6i1.1408.

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Emergency medical technicians (EMTs) and paramedics take immediate care of patients who are injured or unhealthy and ensure their transportation to or from the hospital. Almost 10% of all European Union employees work in health and social care systems, and a considerable number of them work in hospitals. The same is the case in Saudi Arabia, where the health care system is well developed and vibrant. With such a large workforce working in an environment where they can face accidents and injuries, accidents do happen. According to the International Labor Organization, there are 270 million occupational accidents causing 2 million deaths annually. The study was conducted at King Fahd Military Complex, Dhahran and Red Crescent. The study was aimed to identify the nature, frequency and causes of work-related injuries among paramedical staff. The present is among the largest studies of WRIs in EMTs in Saudi Arabia. In this study, we found a very high rate of verbal and physical violence against healthcare personnel. Physical violence negatively affects levels of satisfaction in workers. Studies indicate that exposure to both chronic and critical incident stressors increases the risk of EMS personnel developing post-traumatic stress reactions. The risk of WRIs to paramedics and EMTs is obviously high. The most common injuries were verbal/ physical violence, needle stick injuries and motor vehicle accidents. The most common cause for these WRIs was carelessness on part of EMTs.

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Al-Haj Ali, Sanaa N. Al-Haj, Ra’fat I. Farah, and Serene Alhariqi. "Knowledge and Attitudes of Saudi Medical Students about Emergency Management of Traumatic Dental Injuries." International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 19, no. 21 (October 31, 2022): 14249. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijerph192114249.

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Several studies indicate that physicians lack emergency management knowledge concerning traumatic dental injuries (TDIs), emphasizing the fact that medical students are not taught about this topic. This study aimed to assess the basic knowledge and attitudes of medical students in Saudi Arabia about emergency TDI management. This cross-sectional study recruited a convenience sample of medical students in their clinical years through social networking sites and asked them to answer a pretested internationally accepted questionnaire that included demographic questions, two case scenarios about crown fractures and avulsion of permanent teeth, and self-assessment questions. The data were analyzed statistically using descriptive statistics and the chi-squared test (p < 0.05). A total of 761 medical students responded. Only 5.8% of the students reported receiving information about TDIs in their curriculum. Medical students, mainly those ready to graduate, were more knowledgeable of the emergency management of a crown fractured permanent tooth than an avulsed permanent tooth (p < 0.0001). However, more than half of the students were unable to differentiate between a primary versus permanent fractured tooth and would manage an avulsed primary or permanent tooth similarly. Regarding students’ attitudes, less than one-quarter of the students (13.5%) were confident about diagnosing TDIs and/or providing emergency management when required (18.1%). Furthermore, only about one-tenth of the students (9.3%) were satisfied with their self-perceived knowledge, and most (71%) reported needing further education about the topic. Medical students in Saudi Arabia have insufficient knowledge about the emergency management of TDIs. Gaps in students’ knowledge of emergency management of avulsion injury were identified in addition to their low confidence level to either diagnose or immediately treat TDIs if required. Students felt dissatisfied with their current knowledge level, this being most prominent among graduating students. There is a need to elaborate the undergraduate medical curriculum in Saudi Arabia to include emergency management of TDIs.

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Aboalshamat, Khalid, Dalia Aljrary, Reem Damanhuri, Aohoud Alnafisah, Shaima Alghuraybi, Shahad Aljifry, Hiba Turkustani, and Khalil Mohamed. "Preferred Obstetrician-gynaecologist Gender among Female Residents in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia." Journal of Umm Al-Qura University for Medical Sciences 6, no. 1 (June 1, 2020): 21–25. http://dx.doi.org/10.54940/ms31138609.

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Background: A number of studies have investigated female patient’s preference for their obstetrician/gynecologist (OG) physician. This topic was rarely investigated in Saudi Arabia. Aims: This study investigated OG gender preference among female resident in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and factors that influence their choice. Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 596 female participants answered a self-reported questionnaire. Participants were recruited from shopping malls in four different areas in Jeddah using convenient sampling. The participants were asked or questioned about their OG gender preference and factors affecting it. Results: OG gender preference was found to be an important issue among females in Jeddah, as 66.6% of the participants do ask about the OG gender before their visit, and 39.4% would feel uncomfortable if the preferred OG gender is not available. The results showed that 57.89% preferred female OG, 20.47% preferred male and 21.64% had no preference. Participants answered that for presence at delivery, 50.34% preferred female OG, 27.35% preferred male OG and 22.32% had no preference. Also, in the case of OG emergency and critical surgery, 9.2% reported they would refuse surgery if the preferred OG was not available and seek an alternative solution such as changing hospital. The most important factors that influenced the participant’s choice were: the ability to handle OG emergencies situations with confidence (53.40%), OG knowledge about women health (45%), and OG sympathy (42%). Conclusions: OG gender is an important issue for Saudi female, as the majority prefer female OG in general, but prefer male OG in critical conditions.

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Alshammari, Bushra, Albandry AlEnazy, Farhan Alshammari, Norah Madkhali, and Mahmoud Al-Masaeed. "Investigation of the Level and Factors Influencing Emergency Department Nurses Fatigue: A Case Study of the Saudi Arabian Context." Healthcare 10, no. 7 (July 13, 2022): 1294. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10071294.

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Background: Work-related fatigue is a common health problem among nurses which can affect their performance and decision making. Significance and Aim: The study explores the levels of fatigue and its associated factors among emergency department (ED) nurses in Saudi Arabia. Methods: The study was developed through a cross-sectional quantitative study design. This included the collection of primary quantitative data with a questionnaire prepared and published on REDCap. The study questionnaire was adapted from two tools, namely the OFER 15 and the Copenhagen II tools, respectively. Results: The study established that the Saudi Arabian ED nurses have high acute fatigue (OFER 15 score = 81.11), moderate-high chronic fatigue (OFER 15 score = 74.17), and a high inter-shift recovery index (OFER 15 score = 78.01). In terms of the predictor factors, the study established that for the demographic factors, gender has an impact on chronic and acute fatigue, while work experience impacted acute fatigue and the number of dependents impacted on inter-shift recovery index. On the psycho-social factors, chronic fatigue is influenced by emotional demand (which is a variable used to evaluate the levels to which the nurse is invested, gaining education/skills thus increases job satisfaction) (−0.289), influence at work (−0.310), commitment at the workplace (0.376), rewards (−0.187), stress (0.420), and burnout (0.293), respectively. Acute fatigue is influenced by the emotional demands (0.336), role clarity (−0.128), and the nurses’ well-being and health (−0.034). Finally, the inter-shift recovery index is influenced by the ED nurses’ burnout levels (−0.877). Conclusions: The study indicates a high level of nursing fatigue among the Saudi Arabian ED nurses.

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Alruwaili, Majed M., Fuad H. Abuadas, Phillip Maude, and Alistair Ross. "Experiences, Perceptions, and Coping Patterns of Emergency Department Nurses with Occupational Stressors in Saudi Arabian Hospitals: Mixed-Method Study." Healthcare 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2022): 1504. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/healthcare10081504.

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Extended working hours, a complicated workplace environment, and engagement in numerous physical and psychological stressors have been associated with the stressful nature of the nursing profession. Only a few studies have provided some insight into workplace stress and coping strategies adopted by nurses in Saudi Arabia and neighboring countries. Therefore, this study utilized a mixed-method design to explore the numerous factors that lead to stress among emergency nurses, their experience and perception of stress, and the coping mechanisms they find useful. A survey containing four domains and 86 items was adapted, pilot tested, and validated. The quantitative phase recruited 296 nurses who returned completed questionnaires, and then 21 nurses were interviewed for the qualitative phase. In total, 89.5% (n = 265) of the participants were female, 51% (n = 151) were aged 20–29 years, 83% (n = 246) were non-Saudi nationals, 49% (n = 145) were married, and 82% (n = 245) had a bachelor’s degree. The most common causes of occupational stress were work overload, personnel shortages, and inadequate pay. The qualitative phase data revealed five primary themes, including increased workload, rising living costs despite equal compensation, and staff shortages as main stressors. In addition, the study found that praying and spending quality time with friends are the primary coping techniques among nurses. The study results contribute to a better understanding of nurses’ working conditions in the emergency department. Additionally, they may contribute to the development of policies and practice reforms to improve Saudi nurses’ well-being, health, and overall work experience.

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Almohaya, Abdulellah, Abdulwahab Aldrees, Layan Akkielah, Alshaima Talal Hashim, Fahad Almajid, Turki Binmoammar, and Mazin A. Barry. "Latent tuberculosis infection among health-care workers using Quantiferon-TB Gold-Plus in a country with a low burden for tuberculosis: prevalence and risk factors." Annals of Saudi Medicine 40, no. 3 (May 2020): 191–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.5144/0256-4947.2020.191.

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ABSTRACT BACKGROUND: Health-care workers (HCW) are susceptible to latent tuberculosis infection (LTBI). The prevalence of LTBI in HCW in Saudi Arabia has not been reported using the fourth-generation interferon gamma release assay QuantiFERON-TB Gold Plus (QFT-Plus). OBJECTIVE: Determine the prevalence of LTBI in a large heterogeneous HCW population and assess risk factors for LTBI. DESIGN: Cross-sectional and case-control study. SETTING: Tertiary academic hospital, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: Medical records of HCWs who had QFT-Plus performed between January to December 2018 were reviewed and included in the cross-sectional study. In a subset analysis, randomly selected positive QFT-Plus cases were compared with controls selected from the same areas of work. Univariate and binary logistic regression analyses were performed to assess the significance of other factors to QFT-PLus positivity. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: Prevalence of LTBI in HCWs and potential risk factors for LTBI. SAMPLE SIZE: 3024 HCWs in the cross-sectional analysis; 294 cases and 294 controls in the case-control analysis. RESULTS: Twenty-four percent (n=733) of the HCWs had a positive QFT-Plus. The median (interquartile range) age was 34.0 (31.0-37.1) years, 71% were female, and only 24.8% were of Saudi nationals. Nursing represented 57.7% of HCWs, and 24.7% were working in a non-clinical area. Only 20.3% worked in TB-related departments. A higher risk of LTBI was present in HCWs who were older than 50 years (OR=1.95), from either Philippines (OR=4.7) or the Indian subcontinent (OR=4.1), working as a nurse (OR=2.7), allied health profession (OR=2.1), radiology technician (OR=3.1), or in the emergency room (OR=2.4) or intensive care unit (OR=2.1). In the binary logistic regression, independent predictors for positive QFT-Plus were age group older than 50 years (aOR=2.96), known TB exposure (aOR=1.97), and not receiving BCG at birth (aOR=3.08). LIMITATION: Single-center, retrospective, possible recall bias for BCG vaccination. CONCLUSION: The high prevalence of LTBI among HCW emphasizes the need to continue pre-employment screening, especially for employed personnel from high endemic areas, with targeted annual screening for the same group and other identified high-risk groups. These findings can aid in the development of national screening guidelines for LTBI in HCW. CONFLICT OF INTEREST: None.

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Abed, Akram H., Sergey E. Shcheklein, and Valery M. Pakhaluev. "Heat transfer intensification in emergency cooling heat exchanger and dry cooling towers on nuclear power plant using air-water mist flow." Nuclear Energy and Technology 5, no. 4 (December 10, 2019): 281–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.3897/nucet.5.47972.

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Advanced nuclear power plants are equipped with passive emergency heat removal systems (PEHRS) for removing the decay heat from reactor equipment in accidents accompanied by primary circuit leakage to the final heat absorber (ambient air). Herein, the intensity of heat dissipation to air from the outer surface of the heat exchanger achieved by buoyancy induced natural convection is extremely low, which need to a large heat exchanger surface area, apply different types of heat transfer intensification including (grooves, ribs and extended surfaces, positioning at higher altitudes, etc.). The intensity of heat removal is also strongly dependent on the ambient air temperature (disposable temperature head). Construction of nuclear power plants in countries with high ambient temperatures (Iran, Bangladesh, Egypt, Saudi Arabia, and others) which are characterized by a high level of ambient temperature imposes additional requirements on the increase of the heat exchange surfaces. The experimental investigation results of heat transfer intensification by a low energy ultrasonic which supply a fine liquid droplet (size ~3 µm) in the cooling air are presented in the present paper. In such case, the heat transfer between the surface and cooling flow involves the following three physical effects: convection, conductive heat transfer, and evaporation of water droplets. The last two effects weakly depend on the ambient air temperature and provide an active heat removal in any situation. The investigation was performed using a high-precision calorimeter with a controlled rate of heat supply (between 7800 and 12831 W/m2) imitating heated surface within the range of Reynolds numbers from 2500 to 55000 and liquid (water) flow rates from 23.39 to 111.68 kg·m-2·h-1. The studies demonstrated that the presence of finely dispersed water results in a significant increase in heat transfer compared with the case of using purely air-cooling. With a fixed heat flux, the energy efficiency increases with increasing water concentration, reaching the values over 600 W·m-2·C-1 at 111.68 kg·m-2·h-1, which is 2.8 times higher than for air cooling. With further development of research in order to clarify the optimal areas of intensification, it is possible to use this technology to intensify heat transfer to the air in dry cooling towers of nuclear power plants and thermal power plants used in hot and extreme continental climates.

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Iqbal, Shahid, Syed Ziauddin A. Zaidi, Ibraheem H. Motabi, Nawal Faiez Alshehry, Mubarak S. AlGhamdi, Samer Mudaibigh, Atta Munawar Gill, et al. "Analysis of Clinical Features, Laboratory Characteristics and Therapeutic Outcome in Patients with Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura Treated at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia." Blood 128, no. 22 (December 2, 2016): 4915. http://dx.doi.org/10.1182/blood.v128.22.4915.4915.

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Abstract Background Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura (TTP) is a life-threatening disease characterized by microvascular platelet deposition and thrombus formation with resulting microangiopathic hemolytic anemia and thrombocytopenia. Deficiency of the von Willebrand factor cleavage metalloprotease, also known as ADAMTS 13, has been implicated as an important etiological factor in TTP. Few small studies have been reported on Saudi patients with TTP until now. Our aim was to analyze the clinical features, laboratory characteristics and treatment outcomes with TTP patients treated at our large tertiary care center. Methods This is retrospective data of 24 patients with diagnosed of TTP who were treated at King Fahad Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia between October 2006 and April 2015. Patient suspected as a case of TTP on the basis of clinical features with the evidence of microangiopathic hemolysis and thrombocytopenia were included in this study although data related to pentad of TTP was collected and wherever logistically possible ADAMTS13 levels and inhibitor titer were determined. The primary aim was outcome assessment by overall response rate (ORR) in the treated patients through Kaplan-Meier method. Paired sample t-test was applied to determine the mean significant difference among platelets (plt), hemoglobin (Hgb) & LDH on day 1 and day 7 of treatment. Results Twenty-four TTP patients (18 females; 6 males) admitted to our hospital from 2006 to 2015 were analyzed. The mean age was 33.5±13.9 years. Twenty-two (91%) of the patients presented with neurologic features, seven (29%) had fever, ten (42%) had renal impairment that normalized with treatment and four (20.83%) had increased troponin-T or cardiac symptoms. There were 22 patients (91.7%) with the triad of TTP, including hemolytic anemia, thrombocytopenia and neurologic abnormalities; only 2 (8.2%) had the classical pentad of TTP. Among the plausible etiology, idiopathic (51.8%) was the most common followed by acquired autoimmune abnormalities (29.2%). Plasma ADAMTS 13 activity was determined in 19 patients. Eight patients (42.1%) had severe ADAMTS 13 deficiency (activity< 5%); 5 (26.3%) had moderate decrease of ADAMTS 13 activity (activity: 5-10%); another 3 (15.8%) had low ADAMTS 13 activity and 3 (15.8%) patients had normal ADAMTS 13 (>50%) most likely due to sampling post plasma infusion in emergency situations. Median platelet count on Day 1 was 14x10^9/L, and Day 7 was 119x10^9/L (P value< 0.001), Median Hgb on Day1 was 8.25 gm/dl and Day 7 was 9.35 gm/dl (P value< 0.007), Median LDH on Day 1 was 1211 IU/L and Day7 was 278.92 IU/L (P value< 0.001) respectively. All patients received plasma exchange whereas 23 (95.8%) patients received adjunctive corticosteroids. Five patients (20.8%) were early refractory to standard treatment with therapeutic plasma exchange (TPE). Thirteen (54.2%) patients received rituximab either due to refractoriness to TPE on ~ day 7, or earlier due to cardiac or neurological manifestations at treating physician's discretion. Average hospital stay was 27 days (range 1-131). Twenty-one out of 24 (87.5%) achieved complete remission (CR) without any subsequent relapse. On long term follow up of 22 months (median, Range 1-113), overall survival was 80%. Three patients died during acute episode because of very sever disease or delayed arrival to our center. One patient died later on because of other comorbidities while in CR. Conclusion Thrombotic thrombocytopenic purpura is a life threatening condition and immediate treatment with plasma exchange along with steroids and or rituximab was very effective in preventing high risk of mortality and achieving durable CR in 87.5% of our patients. Combination of very severe CNS manifestations and delayed arrival contributed to mortality significantly. More awareness is needed for early diagnosis and early referral to higher centers. Disclosures No relevant conflicts of interest to declare.

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Spencer-Goodsir, Heulwen, Judith Anderson, and Clare Sutton. "The nature of paramedic practice in rural and remote locations: A scoping review." Australasian Journal of Paramedicine 19 (July 4, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.33151/ajp.19.978.

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Introduction: Access to emergency healthcare services and specialist care – particularly paramedic services – is more restricted in the rural and remote areas of Australia, and this disparity is amplified further as remoteness increases. This review aims to investigate the availability of current research regarding both the expanding nature of paramedicine roles in rural environments, and the impacts of rurality on the quality of out-of-hospital care provided to patients. Methods: Arksey and O’Malley’s six-step methodological approach was used to perform a scoping review to assess the availability of literature. Key words including paramedic*, regional, rural, remote and role were inputted into the search engines Scopus, CINAHL and PubMed. Titles and abstracts of the 864 results were screened by all authors and inclusion/exclusion criteria applied, resulting in 13 remaining articles. Results: The final 13 articles comprised differing data collection types and methodologies from nine separate studies conducted in either Canada, Australia, the United Kingdom, the United States, Saudi Arabia or Qatar. Approximately 2.5 million patients, 534 paramedics, 331 other healthcare professionals and 35 case studies were included in the total combined results of these studies. Conclusion: Rural communities demonstrated increased mortality rates in out-of-hospital patients due to several factors including rostering, specialist service locations and limited resource availability. Factors which were beneficial to the outcomes of patients in rural settings included enhanced paramedic scopes of practice, the implementation of community paramedicine programmes and wider roles within the community for paramedics. A lack of research on the exact nature of these changing roles in rural paramedicine is evident.

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Saleh, Abdullah Khlofh, Majed Mohammed Al Saleh, Osama Abdulaziz Albaqar, Hanan Ali Mohmmed Khoziee, Abdullah Hassan Algarni, Adnan Saleh Alghamdi, and Nasser Khalil Albaqqar. "Acute Hemolytic Anemia Following Semaglutide Injection: A Case Report." World Family Medicine Journal /Middle East Journal of Family Medicine 20, no. 12 (2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.5742/mewfm.2022.95251483.

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Background: Drug-induced immune hemolytic anemia is a serious adverse reaction that may result from drug administration, especially in cases of glucose-6-phospate dehydrogenase (G6PD) deficiency. Objective: To report a case of acute hemolytic anemia in a 30-year-old Saudi male after receiving Semaglutide injection. Case Report: A 30-year-old Saudi male with G6PD deficiency presented to the Emergency Department of Aseer Central Hospital, Abha City, Saudi Arabia with acute onset of yellow discoloration of the eyes, palpitation, mild backache, fatigue, and dark urine. The symptoms started one day after receiving the second dose of Semaglutide injection. He looked pale and the sclera were slightly icteric. Laboratory investigations showed high serum levels of liver enzymes and the total bilirubin. The RBCs count as well as the hemoglobin and the hematocrit were low, while reticulocyte count was high. The diagnosis was acute hemolytic anemia, most probably triggered by a recent Semaglutide injection. Following the discontinuation of Semaglutide, his clinical condition improved. Conclusions: G6PD deficiency should be considered in all clinical settings, and the hemolytic conditions that can possibly be precipitated by drugs not well known to cause hemolysis. Screening of newborn infants to early detect G6PD deficiency early is highly recommended, especially in those with positive family history of G6PD. Key Words: Semaglutide, Hemolytic anemia, G6PD deficiency, Case report.

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Bashawri, Abdulrahman. "Developing Emergency Response Shelter in Place Guidelines for Pilgrim upon Natural Hazard Occurrence in the sacred sites in Makah." Studies of Applied Economics 39, no. 4 (May 4, 2021). http://dx.doi.org/10.25115/eea.v39i4.4583.

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Maintaining up-to-date guidelines for an emergency shelter response (ESR) is crucial for serving Rahman guests when natural hazards, such as floods, storms and rockslides, occur, particularly during large-scale holy events, such as Hajj. ESR guidelines are vital for ensuring that cleaner, greener and more secure and private places for survival are provided to those who been affected so they may complete their worship. A qualitative research design was employed for this study in order to analyse case studies, existing guidelines and the literature in relation to the development of an appropriate ESR. The analysis indicated that existing guidelines are relatively ineffective. The guidelines available in Saudi Arabia provided some knowledge and information but little help on developing ESR guidelines for natural hazards in sacred sites (including Mina, Muzdalifah and Arafat) in Makkah, where focused and quick guidance is desired, as stated by the General Directorate of Civil Defence.To achieve the objective of Saudi Vision 2030 to develop and improve services provided to Rahman guests, this study recommends improved guidelines involving multiple stages for the development of an ESR to guarantee that the performance and provision of the ESR are effective. The proposed guidelines will help stakeholders to manage decision-making, whilst giving them the required information to account for the environmental, sociocultural, economic and technical elements that must be considered in the implementation of response processes in order to maximise the fitness of the response for achieving its purpose and to save the lives and protect the welfare of the Rahman guests so they may continue their worship.

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Kishan, Kishan. "How effective were the COVID-19 relief measures? A comparative analysis of the seven largest economies of the world." International journal of health sciences, June 18, 2022, 2791–809. http://dx.doi.org/10.53730/ijhs.v6ns5.9247.

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This paper examines the effect of policy measures adopted by governments worldwide since the onset of the COVID-19-led pandemic on health and social sectors and the global economy. Taking the case of the United States, India, the Republic of Korea, China, Brazil, Saudi Arabia, and Germany, it comparatively studies the effect of pandemic and related policy measures: on the unemployment rate, GDP growth, per capita income, inequality (measured using the Gini coefficient), accumulated real income, interest rates of Central Bank of the respective countries, Relief packages as per the percentage of GDP, and Cash transfer by number of people covered of the said countries. Developing countries preferred to use direct cash transfers to the beneficiary account rather than providing food baskets as most developed countries provided to their population of the lower economic strata. Except for China, there is a contraction in the GDP of all the countries witnessed in 2020 and is set to rebound in 2021 and 2022. It is witnessed that the impact of the pandemic is uneven in different sectors, regions, and socio-economic groups; in some cases, the repercussions of these measures are likely to continue.

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Algahtani, Hussein, Bader Shirah, Randa Khafaji, and Sarah Algahtani. "Novel Heterozygous Variants in the HLA-DRB1 Gene in a Saudi Family with Early-Onset Familial Multiple Sclerosis: Therapeutic Failure and Success." International Journal of MS Care, October 5, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2020-125.

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Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. Familial MS is arbitrarily defined as a type of MS that runs in families with one or more first- to third-degree relatives in addition to the index case affected by MS. The aim of this article is to report a unique case of familial MS from Saudi Arabia with two novel variants in the HLA-DRB1 gene that may contribute to the pathogenesis. We observed an unfavorable response to interferon therapy and successful treatment using fingolimod therapy. This observation needs further study, including whether this lack of response is really specific to interferon treatment or possibly a chance occurrence. This family work-up illustrates the importance of genetic testing in identifying variants associated with familial MS, especially if more than two members of the same family are affected. Although this genetic tool is used mainly for research purposes, it had clinical implications for our patient, including the appropriate selection of disease-modifying therapy and prognostic counseling. Further large-scale studies are needed to expand the genetic spectrum of familial MS with clinical and pharmacologic correlation.

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Algahtani, Hussein, Bader Shirah, Randa Khafaji, and Sarah Algahtani. "Novel Heterozygous Variants in the HLA-DRB1 Gene in a Saudi Family with Early-Onset Familial Multiple Sclerosis: Therapeutic Failure and Success." International Journal of MS Care, October 5, 2021. http://dx.doi.org/10.7224/1537-2073.2020-125.

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Abstract Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a chronic neurodegenerative disease that affects the central nervous system. Familial MS is arbitrarily defined as a type of MS that runs in families with one or more first- to third-degree relatives in addition to the index case affected by MS. The aim of this article is to report a unique case of familial MS from Saudi Arabia with two novel variants in the HLA-DRB1 gene that may contribute to the pathogenesis. We observed an unfavorable response to interferon therapy and successful treatment using fingolimod therapy. This observation needs further study, including whether this lack of response is really specific to interferon treatment or possibly a chance occurrence. This family work-up illustrates the importance of genetic testing in identifying variants associated with familial MS, especially if more than two members of the same family are affected. Although this genetic tool is used mainly for research purposes, it had clinical implications for our patient, including the appropriate selection of disease-modifying therapy and prognostic counseling. Further large-scale studies are needed to expand the genetic spectrum of familial MS with clinical and pharmacologic correlation.

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Fairaq, Arwa. "Population Awareness and Attitude towards First Aid in Burn in Makkah Al-Mukarramah, Saudi Arabia – A Cross Sectional Study." Journal of Pharmaceutical Research International, April 17, 2021, 22–29. http://dx.doi.org/10.9734/jpri/2021/v33i24b31438.

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Background: Worldwide, an estimated 180, 000 deaths per year are caused by burns. Majority occur in low- and middle-income countries. Inadequate awareness of burn first aid has been reported in both developed and developing countries. In Saudi Arabia, studies reported inadequate level of knowledge of general population of first aid in burns emergencies including communities of Al-Madinah Al-Munawwarah, Jeddah, Riyadh, Majmaah and Hail. Objective: we aim to assess the general knowledge and attitude regrading burn first aid among Makkah Al-Mukarramah population. Thus, the results of this study could help to understand the need of community to more implantation of Health Awareness Campaigns to help burn injuries managements. Methods: A cross-sectional study was performed using an online survey. A total of 1390 participants completed the questionnaire from 15 February to 15 March 2019. Results: Around 51.4% believed that washing burned area with cold water is the immediate first aid in 1st degree burns, 38.3% and 61.7% believed that going to the nearest emergency department is the immediate first aid in 2nd and 3rd degree burns, respectively. Around 46.7% agreed to remove the clothes stuck to the burned skin in case of burns , 34.5% applied traditional home remedy including toothpaste, honey, tomato paste or egg. Conclusion: we found that population of western region have fair knowledge and attitude towards first aid in burns. However, traditional home remedy practice still present. Health Awareness Campaigns still needed to improve community attitude towards burn injuries managements furthermore.

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Alanazi, Ashwaq, Bayan Ahmad Hasan Almusailhi, Gheed K. Bamousa, Nabaa H. Alhawashim, Nourah M. Alotaibi, Sumiyah AlShamekh, Basavaraja Channabasappa Hunasemarada, Reem Y. Al Jindan, and Ayman A. El-Badry. "A decade of travel-associated malaria at King Fahad Hospital of the University in the Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia." Scientific Reports 12, no. 1 (January 19, 2022). http://dx.doi.org/10.1038/s41598-022-04996-4.

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AbstractTravel-associated malaria is a health hazard, even in non-malaria endemic regions. This is a hospital-based retrospective study of 12,931 febrile patients who presented at King Fahad Hospital of the University (KFHU) from January 2009 to December 2019. Patients either returning from malaria endemic countries and/or for whom malaria was suspected, had blood films microscopically screened for malaria parasites. Malaria prevalence was very low in febrile patients attending KFHU. Out of the 12,931 febrile patients, 0.63% (n = 81) were malaria positive, all travel-related, except for one case of transfusion malaria. Indian nationals were the most infected (29.6%, n = 24), followed by Sudanese nationals (24.7%, n = 20). P. falciparum (47%, n = 38) and P. vivax (42%, n = 24) were the predominant species. The majority of P. falciparum (64.5%, n = 20) cases were from African nationals and the majority of P. vivax (72.7%, n = 24) cases were from Asia. The highest percentage of malaria patients were adult (90%, n = 73), males (85.2%, n = 69), ages ranged from 6 to 65, with a mean of 34.6 years. Most of the malaria cases presented at the emergency room (ER), only 3 required critical care. Only sex, hospitalized in-patient (IP) and attendance at ER were statistically associated with malaria. In the presence of a potential vector, travel-associated malaria in non-malaria endemic areas should be monitored to guide control strategies.Author summary: Malaria is a neglected potentially fatal tropical mosquito-born disease. Travel-associated malaria is a health hazard, even in non-malaria endemic regions. In spite of previous efforts to estimate malaria prevalence, morbidity and mortality in Saudi Arabia in the last decade, there have been no studies that determine the prevalence of malaria in Al-Khobar, Eastern Province of Saudi Arabia. Malaria prevalence was very low in febrile patients (81/12,931) attending King Fahad Hospital of the University over a decade. Cases were all travel-related, except for one case of transfusion malaria. Indian nationals were the most infected (29.6%), followed by Sudanese nationals (24.7%). P. falciparum (47%) and P. vivax (42%) were the predominant species. The majority of P. falciparum (64.5%) cases were from Africa and the majority of P. vivax (72.7%) cases were from Asia. No patient factors predicted malaria in febrile travelers. In non-malaria endemic areas, in the presence of a potential vector, patients with acute fever coming from endemic areas or having received blood transfusion, should be screened for travel-associated malaria to guide control strategies.

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Al Khoufi, Emad. "Adu, K.K. and Adjei, E. (2018). The phenomenon of data loss and cyber security issues in Ghana. Foresight, 20(2), 150–61. Ahmed, M.T.U., Bhuiya, N.I. and Rahman, M.M. (2017). A secure enterprise architecture focused on security and technology-transformation (SEAST), The 12th International Conference for Internet Technology and Secured Transactions, (ICITST-2017), Cambridge, UK, 11–4/12/2017. Alanazi, S.T., Anbar, M., Ebad, S.A., Karuppayah, S. and Al-Ani, H.A. (2020). Theory-based model and prediction analysis of information security compliance behavior in the Saudi healthcare sector. Symmetry, 12(9), 1544. DOI: 10.3390/sym12091544 Alateyah, S.A., Crowder, R.M. and Wills, G.B. (2013). Identified factors affecting the citizen’s intention to adopt e-government in Saudi Arabia. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology, 7(8), 904–12. Antonino, P., Duszynski, S., Jung, C. and Rudolph, M. (2010). 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The secure medical research workspace: An IT infrastructure to enable secure research on clinical data. Clinical and Translational Science, 6 (3), 222–5. Shrivastava, A.K. (2015). The impact assessment of IT Infrastructure on information security: a survey report. In: International Conference on Information Security and Privacy (ICISP2015), Nagpur, India, 11–12/12/2015. Sommerville, I. (2015). Software Engineering. 10th edition, UK: Pearson. Sousa, K.J. and Oz, E. (2015). Management Information Systems. 7th edition, USA: Cengage Learning. Teymourlouei, H., and Harris, V. (2019). Effective methods to monitor IT infrastructure security for small business. In: The 2019 International Conference on Computational Science and Computational Intelligence (CSCI), Las Vegas, NV, USA, 5–7/12/2019. Topper, J. (2018). Compliance is not security. Computer Fraud and Security, 2018(3), 5–8. DOI: 10.1016/S1361-3723(18)30022-8. 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Few epidemiological studies have discussed the gender-specific prevalence of ischemic heart disease (IHD). We aimed to investigate the gender-specific prevalence of IHD among Saudi patients visiting the emergency department and if it is affected by diabetes mellitus and/or hypertension. Three hundred patients were recruited from Prince Sultan Cardiac Center in Al Ahsa, KSA. Hypertension was identified as systolic pressure equal to or more than 140 mmHg and/or diastolic pressure equal to or more than 90 mmHg or by the patient currently being on antihypertensive medication, and coronary artery disease (CAD) was diagnosed by electrocardiogram, cardiac markers, cardiac exercise testing or coronary angiography. Hypertension was found in 80% of males and 72% of females. A significantly higher rate of diabetes was noted in females (62%) compared to males (48%) (p<0.012). Co-existing diabetes and hypertension was found in 70% of females as compared to 38% of males. The occurrence of IHD in males was significantly higher than that in females (p<0.001). However, the incidence of myocardial infarction was greater in females (52%) compared to males (38%) (p<0.035). Co-existing hypertension and diabetes may affect the gender prevalence of myocardial infarction among emergency department patients, with more infarctions being noted among females. This finding helps to guide the treatment strategy for both genders.

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Journal articles on the topic 'Emergency nursing Saudi Arabia Case studies'

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