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Journal articles on the topic 'Emergence index'
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1
Borgmann, Claudia, Luciene Kazue Tokura, Bruna de Villa, Deonir Secco, Jair Antonio Cruz Siqueira, Pablo Chang, Alessandra Mayumi Tokura Alovisi, et al. "Seeds of Carthamus Tinctorius Submitted to Hydration: Morphological Aspects and Emergence." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 16 (September 30, 2019): 38. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n16p38.
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The present study aimed to evaluate the initial development of safflower genotypes (Carthamus tinctorius) after different periods of seed hydration. For the study two experiments were evaluated. At first, an experiment was performed with 0, 24, 48, 72, 168 and 360 hours of seed hydration, and in the second moment, another with 0, 12, 24, 36, 48 and 60 hours of hydration. The experimental design for the two experiments was completely randomized, with four replicates and six treatments. After 30 days of conduction of the experiments were analyzed the percentage of emergency, index of emergency speed, average time of emergency and average speed of emergency. The evaluated morphological characteristics were plant height, stem diameter, root length, fresh shoot and root mass and dry shoot mass. Hydration of seeds in considerable proportions positively influences the emergence and development of safflower plants. The highest performance in the emergence of plants, size, accumulation of fresh and dry shoot mass and fresh root mass was obtained by the IAPAR genotype, which stood out in relation to the other. The greatest emergencies were obtained with seeds with 36 hours of hydration, and the lowest emergence was found after 72 hours under hydration.
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Khorana, Ajay, Edward Nelling, and Jeffrey J. Trester. "The Emergence of Country Index Funds." Journal of Portfolio Management 24, no. 4 (July 31, 1998): 78–84. http://dx.doi.org/10.3905/jpm.1998.409651.
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Lee, Mei-Hua, Guo-Hao Lin, and Hom-Lay Wang. "Emergence Profile Index Implant Surgical Guide." Clinical Advances in Periodontics 7, no. 1 (February 2017): 30–34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1902/cap.2016.160006.
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Barut, Z. B., and M. I. Çağırgan. "Effect of seed coating on the accuracy of single-seed sowing of sesame under field conditions." Australian Journal of Experimental Agriculture 46, no. 1 (2006): 71. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/ea04201.
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Sesame seed treatments consisted of 2 different coatings and uncoated seeds. These were tested to determine their effect on accuracy of plant spacing after emergence in single-seed sowing under different field conditions. Seedbed treatments were composed of traditional tillage without crop residue and conservative tillage with wheat stubble. To quantify plant spacing accuracy and emergence uniformity, spacing between plants within a row and plant emergence per day were measured. The measurements were used to calculate the quality of feed index, multiples index, skip index, precision, emergence rate index, mean emergence date and the percentage of emergence. It was concluded that seed treatments had a significant effect on multiples index and skip index of horizontal distribution pattern and emergence rate index, mean emergence date and the emergence percentage. The coating acted negatively on seed germination and led to missing plants and less plant spacing uniformity in the row. The shortest emergence date and maximum percentage of emergence and quality of feed index were obtained with uncoated sesame seeds. The parameters, except emergence rate index, were not affected statistically by tillage treatments. It was found that all seeds emerged in less time on conservation tillage plots with stubble.
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Alm, David M., Edward W. Stoller, and Loyd M. Wax. "An Index Model for Predicting Seed Germination and Emergence Rates." Weed Technology 7, no. 3 (September 1993): 560–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0890037x00037349.
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We present a germination and emergence model that can be used as a sub-model in an individual-based model of population dynamics. Seed germination and seedling elongation rates were measured in petri dishes in the laboratory for ivyleaf morningglory, velvetleaf, corn, and soybean seeds, as functions of temperature and water potential. The analysis yielded a set of indices: the germination temperature index (GTI), the germination water index (GWI), the emergence temperature index (ETI), and the emergence water index (EWI). The seed populations were divided into 100 discrete cohorts, with each cohort (i), having its own germination rate (GR) as the product of a reference rate and the germination indices, or GRi= GRiREF× GTI × GWI. After germination, the emergence rate (ER) was the product of a reference rate and emergence indices, or ERi= ERREF× ETI × EWI. The model was tested against the timing of emergence in the field for seeds planted 1, 2, 4, and 8 cm deep in natural or rain-excluded environments. The predictions were more accurate for all depths combined than for any particular depth.
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Drover, David R., Harry J. Lemmens, Eric T. Pierce, Gilles Plourde, Gary Loyd, Eugene Ornstein, Leslie S. Prichep, Robert J. Chabot, and Laverne Gugino. "Patient State Index." Anesthesiology 97, no. 1 (July 1, 2002): 82–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00000542-200207000-00012.
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Background The Patient State Index (PSI) uses derived quantitative electroencephalogram features in a multivariate algorithm that varies as a function of hypnotic state. Data are recorded from two anterior, one midline central, and one midline posterior scalp locations. PSI has been demonstrated to have a significant relation to level of hypnosis during intravenous propofol, inhalation, and nitrous oxide-narcotic anesthesia. This multisite study evaluated the utility of PSI monitoring as an adjunct to standard anesthetic practice for guiding the delivery of propofol and alfentanil to accelerate emergence from anesthesia. Methods Three hundred six patients were enrolled in this multicenter prospective randomized clinical study. Using continuous monitoring throughout the period of propofol-alfentanil-nitrous oxide anesthesia delivery, PSI guidance was compared with use of standard practice guidelines (both before [historic controls] and after exposure to the PSA 4000 monitor [Physiometrix, Inc., N. Billerica, MA; standard practice controls]). Anesthesia was always administered with the aim of providing hemodynamic stability, with rapid recovery. Results No significant differences were found for demographic variables or for site. The PSI group received significantly less propofol than the standard practice control group (11.9 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.01) and historic control group (18.2 microg x kg(-1) x min(-1); P < 0.001). Verbal response time, emergence time, extubation time, and eligibility for operating room discharge time were all significantly shorter for the PSI group compared with the historic control (3.3-3.8 min; P < 0.001) and standard practice control (1.4-1.5 min; P < 0.05 or P < 0.01) groups. No significant differences in the number of unwanted somatic events or hemodynamic instability and no incidences of reported awareness were found. Conclusions Patient State Index-directed titration of propofol delivery resulted in faster emergence and recovery from propofol-alfentanil-nitrous oxide anesthesia, with modest decrease in the amount of propofol delivered, without increasing the number of unwanted events.
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Mavi, Kazım, and Fulya Uzunoğlu. "Effects of pre-sowing treatments with allelopathic plant extracts on tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) seedling emergence and performance." Agronomía Colombiana 38, no. 2 (May 1, 2020): 190–96. http://dx.doi.org/10.15446/agron.colomb.v38n2.84373.
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Seeds of the tree tomato (Solanum betaceum Cav.) were treated with allelopathic plant extracts: ferula gum (FER, 0.2 g gum L-1, 25°C, 24 h), lantana petal extract (LAN, 4 g dried petal L-1, 25°C, 24 h) and marigold petal extract (TAG, 4 g dried petal L-1, 25°C, 24 h) along with an untreated control to determine the effect of these extracts on seedling emergence and performance. The pre-sowing influence of the allelopathic extracts (FER, LAN and TAG) on the emergence percentage (%), mean emergence time (days), emergence index, coefficient of velocity of emergence (%), seedling length (cm), seedling fresh weight (mg), seedling dry weight (mg), and stimulatory allelopathic index (%) was investigated in tree tomato seeds. The results revealed that pre-sowing treatment with the studied allelopathic plant extracts showed higher seedling emergence and performance. The greatest advantage of the pre-sowing treatment was observed in the TAG treatment. Allelopathic TAG treatment resulted in 15% higher seedling emergence rates, 3.3 d faster mean emergence time, 153 mg heavier seedling weights, and higher emergence index compared to untreated seeds. In addition, the effect of allelopathic FER and LAN treatments was better than the control.
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Carvalho, Patrícia Rodrigues Maffud, César Antônio da Silva, Luís Léssi dos Reis, and Janaina Rodrigues Maffud. "Superação de dormência de sementes e desenvolvimento de mudas de jatobazeiro em substratos alternativos." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 16, no. 5 (October 8, 2020): 103–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n5.a399.
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The propagation of the jatoba (Hymenaea courbarilL.) by seeds is highly promising in the recovery of degraded areas. Thus, the present research aimed to compare methods forjatoba plant seeds dormancy overcomingand to evaluate the development of seedlings of this species in alternative substrates. In the first experiment, in screened nursery, a completely randomized design was used, with four replications and seven seed treatments: scarification with sandpaper(SS), SS and immersion in water for 24 h, SS and immersion in water for 48 h, intact seed, seed immersed in water for 48 h and seed immersed in water for 96 h. The seedlings that emergency were counted every other days, from 13 to 51days after sowing, quantifying the emergence percentage, the emergence speed index and the emergence average time.The second experiment, in greenhouse,was composed ofthree replicates, in randomized blocks, being seven substrates were used:commercial substrate (CS); 40% SC + 60% forest humus (FH); 40% SC + 60% charcoal rice husk (CRH); 40% SC + 60% bovine manure (BM); 40% CRH + 60% BM; 40% CRH + 60% FH; e 40% FH + 60% BM. At 50, 70 and 120 days after sowing were evaluated the parameters: seedlingheight, leafsnumber, stem diameter, fresh matterand dry matter of aerial partand roots, and leaf area.At 120 DAS, the chlorophyll index was also evaluated. The scarification with sandpaper and immersion of seeds in water for 24 hours presented a greater emergence (96.4% and IVE = 0.697).The mixture containing 40% FHand 60% BMresulted seedlings with a larger leaf area, chlorophyll index and roots and aerial part dry matter, at 120 days after sowing.
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Menegatti, Renata Diane, Luana Oliveira de Oliveira, Ádrya Vanessa Lira da Costa, Eugenia Jacira Bolacel Braga, and Valmor João Bianchi. "MAGNETIC FIELD AND GIBBERELIC ACID AS PRE-GERMINATION TREATMENTS OF PASSION FRUIT SEEDS." Revista Ciência Agrícola 17, no. 1 (July 25, 2019): 15. http://dx.doi.org/10.28998/rca.v17i1.6522.
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<p>The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of pre-germination treatments (magneto-priming and immersion of seeds in gibberellic acid solution) on variables associated with germination, emergence and vigor of Passiflora edulis seeds ‘BRS Gigante Amarelo’ cultivar. Seeds were extracted from fruits, washed, immersed for 6 hours in solutions with different GA3 concentrations and later arranged in a circular form in Petri dishes at temperature of 25°C, with and without exposure to magnetic field. Subsequently, analyses associated with the germination and emergency test were carried out. The experimental design was completely randomized design, with 3x2 factorial, three GA3 concentrations (0, 50 and 100 mg L-1) and presence/absence of magnetic field (MF), with four replicates of 20 seeds each. Variables germination percentage, germination speed index, mean germination time, percentage of emerged seedlings, emergence speed index, shoot length and root length and seedling dry weight were evaluated. Results indicate that the exposure of passion fruit seeds to MF in an isolated way stimulates seed germination, emergence and vigor, being an alternative to conventional treatments based on chemical substances.</p>
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MENKIR, A., and E. N. LARTER. "GROWTH RESPONSES OF EARLY MATURING INBRED LINES OF CORN TO SUBOPTIMAL TEMPERATURES." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 65, no. 1 (January 1, 1985): 79–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/cjps85-011.
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Considerable genetic variability was observed among 32 inbred lines of corn (Zea mays L.) for emergence percentage, emergence index (rate), and seedling dry weight when evaluated under controlled low temperature regimes. Emergence percentage ranged from 45 to 100%, emergence indices from 14.7 to 18.7 days, and seedling dry weights from 0.19 to 1.19 g/plant. Simple correlation coefficients indicated a significant (P = 0.05) and positive association between emergence percentage and emergence index (rate). Neither of the two emergence parameters were significantly associated with seedling dry weights. Twelve inbreds selected for field evaluation based upon their performance under controlled low temperature environments, expressed marked differences with respect to emergence percentage, seedling growth, time to silk, and grain yields. The two best inbred lines tested under both environments were CK76 and CO255. Although the emergence traits as determined under controlled environmental conditions were not significantly correlated with those evaluated in the field, measurements of post-emergence seedling growth were significantly and positively associated between the two environments. Thus the use of a predetermined optimal ambient temperature regime can be used as a screening method to identify strains with potential vigor and cold tolerance under field conditions.Key words: Corn, cold tolerance, physiology
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Amaral, Genilda Canuto, Yara Karolynne Lopes Abreu, Mariana Duarte Silva Fonseca, Luciana De Souza Lorenzoni Paschoa, Elbya Leão Gibson, and José Eduardo Macedo Pezzopane. "Organic substrates and their effects on the emergence and initial growth of Tamarindus indica seedlings." Revista Ibero-Americana de Ciências Ambientais 11, no. 7 (August 10, 2020): 83–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.6008/cbpc2179-6858.2020.007.0008.
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The reuse of organic waste and destination as alternative substrates becomes an important strategy for the production of economically viable and ecologically sustainable forest seedlings. Thus, the objective of the study was to evaluate the influence of different substrates and compositions (proportions) on the emergence and initial growth of Tamarindus indica seedlings. For this, nine different substrates were formulated: bovine manure (EB), buriti paú (PB) and carnauba residue (RC) in the proportions of 75%, 50% and 25% complemented with washed sand and an additional treatment only with washed sand, considered as control. T. indica seeds were sown and conducted for 50 days. The following were evaluated: emergency speed index; mean emergence time, height of the shoot, diameter of the stem, number of leaves, length of the root system, dry mass of the shoot, dry mass of the root system, total dry mass and Dickson's quality index. For the variables of emergence of tamarind seeds, treatments with bovine manure and 25% buriti paú more efficient. In the growth of the seedlings, the best results of diameter, number of leaves, production of dry mass of the root system, aerial part or total part of the seedlings, in addition to Dickson's quality index were found in the proportion of 50% of bovine manure, followed by buriti paú. These results indicate that the substrates bovine manure and paú de buriti in the proportion 50% are the most suitable for the preparation of substrate for the production of T. indica seedlings.
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Boligon, Alexandra Augusti, Alessandro Dal'Col Lúcio, Sidinei José Lopes, Alberto Cargnelutti Filho, and Danton Camacho Garcia. "Wheat seedling emergence estimated from seed analysis." Scientia Agricola 68, no. 3 (June 2011): 336–41. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0103-90162011000300010.
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There are various vigor tests for the evaluation of seeds physiological quality, however, few studies correlate this tests with plants emergency. This study aimed at identifying wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) seed analysis variables that best predict seedling emergence. Wheat seeds (CEP 30 cultivar) were divided into two batches, one initially subjected to the accelerated ageing process and forming the low-quality batch, and the other, without application of the accelerated ageing process, to compose a high-quality batch. The following seed test variables were evaluated: (i) percentage of normal seedlings in the germination tests, (ii) initial germination counting, (iii) accelerated ageing, (iv) cold test without soil, (v) germination speed index, and (vi) emergence of seedlings in sand after seven and 15 days. The following seedling characteristics were evaluated: root and shoot lengths, total length, and dry mass of the root and shoot. The characteristics evaluated for the seedlings were subjected to path analysis and the seed tests variables to stepwise multiple regression analysis, taking seedling emergence at seven days as the response variable. Factor analysis was also carried out on all variables. Dry mass of the shoot and root length presented the best correlation with seedling emergence for the high-quality batch, but this behavior was not observed for any variable in the low-quality batch. Accelerated ageing was the best seedling emergence estimator for both batches of the used cultivar.
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Lanka, Srinivas K., Frank H. Arthur, James F. Campbell, and Kun Yan Zhu. "Evaluation of Residual Efficacy of Pyrethrin + Methoprene Aerosol on Two Dermestids: Impact of Particle Size, Species, and Temperature." Insects 10, no. 5 (May 17, 2019): 142. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/insects10050142.
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Residual effects of pyrethrin + methoprene aerosol dispensed at 4 and 16-µm particle sizes and an untreated control, was assessed against late-stage larvae of Trogoderma inclusum (LeConte), the larger cabinet beetle, and T. variabile (Ballion), the warehouse beetle. Treated arenas were stored at 25, 30, 35, and 40 °C and bioassays were conducted at 1, 3, or 6 weeks post-treatment. Larval development was monitored through adult emergence to compare the efficacy of treatments by using both the percentage of normal adult emergence and a developmental index as dependent variables. There was no overall effect of temperature on residual activity as measured using either adult emergence or developmental index values. Both the 4 and 16-µm particle sizes resulted in reduced adult emergence and low developmental index values compared to untreated controls. The insecticide was more effective on T. variabile than on T. inclusum. The impact of particle size varied between species, both particle sizes reduced adult emergence and developmental index in T. variabile, but only the 16-µm particle size resulted in reduction of adult emergence of T. inclusum. Furthermore, there was a reduction in activity of methoprene with residual exposure time. The variations in susceptibility of species to methoprene, differences in efficacy of particle sizes, and decrease in residual persistence at smaller particle sizes highlight the need for attaining optimal particle size to improve overall efficacy of aerosol mixtures containing methoprene.
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Buchinger, H., S. Kreuer, J. Bruhn, M. Wrobel, C. Bauer, and W. Wilhelm. "Narcotrend and bispectral index monitoring during emergence from isoflurane anaesthesia." European Journal of Anaesthesiology 21, Supplement 32 (June 2004): 31. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/00003643-200406002-00115.
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Blinder, Jordan, Gregory Seaman, Kamel Ghandour, and Dennis Oh. "Precipitous Bispectral Index Decline and Delayed Emergence After Lumbar Puncture." Anesthesia & Analgesia 104, no. 1 (January 2007): 222. http://dx.doi.org/10.1213/01.ane.0000249788.27880.b9.
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Freire, Márcio H. da C., Geocleber G. de Sousa, Maria V. P. de Souza, Emanuel D. R. de Ceita, Jamili N. Fiusa, and Kelly N. Leite. "Emergence and biomass accumulation in seedlings of rice cultivars irrigated with saline water." Revista Brasileira de Engenharia Agrícola e Ambiental 22, no. 7 (July 2018): 471–75. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1807-1929/agriambi.v22n7p471-475.
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ABSTRACT The objective of this study was to evaluate the performance of three rice cultivars under saline water irrigation. The experiment was carried out in full sun at the Experimental Farm of the Unilab, in Redenção, Ceará, Brazil, in January 2016. The experimental design was completely randomized (CRD), in a 5 x 3 factorial scheme [irrigation water electrical conductivity (ECw: 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 3.0 and 4.0 dS m-1) versus three rice cultivars (C1 - Ligeirinho, C2 - Casado and C3 - Meruinho)], totaling 15 treatments, with 4 replicates of 30 seeds per cultivar. After 21 days, the following variables were evaluated: emergence percentage (EP), emergence speed index (ESI), mean time of emergence (MTE), mean speed of emergence (MSE), shoot dry matter (SDM), root dry matter (RDM) and total dry matter (TDM). The cultivar Ligeirinho showed higher tolerance to saline stress with respect to the emergence percentage, emergence speed index and mean speed of emergence. The cultivar Casado showed higher tolerance to saline stress for shoot dry matter, root dry matter and total dry matter in comparison to the other cultivars.
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Ferraz, Marcos Vieira, Claudenir Facincani Franco, Gisele Sales Batista, and Kathia Fernandes Lopes Pivetta. "Salinity on the germination of seed and index of germination speed of three ornamental species." Ornamental Horticulture 22, no. 2 (September 26, 2016): 196. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/oh.v22i2.919.
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Salinity is a factor that interferes on seed germination in most species. The objective of this work was to study the effects of different concentrations of NaCl on the emergence and vigor of Petunia x hybrida hort. Vilm E. ex., Torenia fournieri Lind and Tagetes patula L. seedlings. The experimental design was entirely randomized with five treatments (five concentrations of NaCl: zero, 25, 50, 75 and 100 mM) and four replications of 50 seeds, for each species. The seeds were germinated in germitest paper at the alternating temperature of 20-30°C. Emergence (%) and Emergence Rate (ER) were performed daily until 14 days. Salt stress caused negative effects on the emergence and vigor on seedlings of these three ornamentals species.
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FAYOSE, Chris Adegoke, and Morakinyo Abiodun Bamidele FAKOREDE. "Maize seedling emergence in response to climatic variability in a tropical rainforest area." Acta agriculturae Slovenica 117, no. 2 (July 14, 2021): 1. http://dx.doi.org/10.14720/aas.2021.117.2.2082.
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<p>Environmental factors causing low seedling emergence often observed in tropical maize (Zea mays L.) are poorly documented. This study was conducted to investigate the effects of weather factors on maize seedling emergence at the Obafemi Awolowo University Teaching and Research Farm (OAU TRF). Five maize varieties sown weekly, in 3-replicate RCBD experiments throughout the 2016 and 2017 cropping seasons, were used to monitor emergence percentage (E %), emergence index (EI) and emergence rate index (ERI). Climatic data were obtained from the automatic weather station located on the farm. Analysis of variance revealed highly significant (P ≤ 0.01) environmental effect for all traits. Soil moisture (Sm), relative humidity, air temperature, heat unit and soil heat flux (SHF) showed significant (P ≤ 0.05) correlation coefficients with all traits, but there was no relationship between the emergence traits and grain yield. Stepwise multiple regression and sequential path coefficient analyses indicated that increased Sm, rather than rainfall per se, increased the speed of emergence. Minimum air temperature and SHF with direct effects, and heat unit with indirect effect, negatively affected emergence the most. Relatively low Tmin and SHF, along with just enough Sm maximized seedling emergence in the rainforest agro-ecology of southwestern Nigeria.</p>
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Binotto, Alexandre Francisco, Alessandro Dal' Col Lúcio, and Sidinei José Lopes. "Correlations between growth variables and the Dickson quality index in forest seedlings." CERNE 16, no. 4 (December 2010): 457–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0104-77602010000400005.
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This study aims to identify correlations between growth variables and the Dickson quality index in seedlings of Eucalyptus grandis and Pinus elliottii var. elliottii. The experiment was conducted in a greenhouse and the following variables were observed: stem base diameter, shoot height, number of leaves, leaf dry matter, stem base dry matter, root dry matter, shoot dry matter, total dry matter, ratio of shoot dry matter to root dry matter and ratio of shoot height to stem base diameter in E. grandis 60, 75, 90, 105 and 120 days after seedling emergence, and in P. elliottii 25, 50, 75, 100, 125, 150 and 175 days after seedling emergence. Using Pearson correlation and also path and regression analyses, correlations were analyzed between observed variables according to day after emergence and the Dickson quality index. Stem base diameter was found to have stronger correlation with days after emergence in comparison to shoot height, in both species. Root dry matter was found to have stronger correlation with the Dickson quality index. Stem base diameter was the most suitable parameter to indicate seedling quality due to its higher correlation level with the Dickson quality index. Shoot height was only effective to indicate seedling quality if analyzed together with stem base diameter. Variables relating to dry matter showed the highest correlations with the Dickson quality index (DQI), followed by stem base diameter. Conversely, number of leaves showed the poorest correlations with DQI, followed by seedling height.
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Suñé, A. S., D. B. Rodrigues, A. S. Almeida, C. A. Nunes, L. H. Konzen, E. Gewehr, G. A. Silveira, B. B. Reis, H. L. Chagas, and L. V. M. Tunes. "New Vigor Methodology in Pearl Millet Seeds." Journal of Agricultural Science 11, no. 4 (March 15, 2019): 205. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v11n4p205.
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The use of high quality seeds is of utmost importance and is intimately related to seed vigor. The objective of this study was to stablish a novel methodology for evaluating the vigor of pearl millet seeds. The experiment was performed at the Federal University of Pelotas, using 5 seed lots of pearl millet cv. BRS1501. The research was carried out in two stages: first, seed lots were characterized (physiological quality tests); second, the initial emergence and development of pearl millet seedlings was evaluated, testing four different substrates and five sowing depths in the emergence test. The experimental set up consisted of a completely randomized design with four replicates. Means were compared by the Scott-Knott test at the 5% probability level. The substrates sand and carbonized rice husk, at 1.0 cm depth, satisfactorily stratified seed lots. These methodologies correlated with the speed of emergency index and seedling emergency. Thus, the study identified an innovative method for testing vigor in pearl millet seeds.
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Melo, Paulo Alexandre Fernandes Rodrigues de, Tatiane Sanches Jeromini, Carlos Eduardo Affonso, Edna Ursulino Alves, and Cibele Chalita Martins. "Vigor tests in assessing the quality of signal grass seeds." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 6 (November 23, 2017): 3491. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n6p3491.
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The correct assessment of the physiological quality of seed lots is necessary for the quality control program of companies. For such purpose, tests that detect differences in the physiological potential of seed lots and that meet the minimum market requirements. Thus, the study was conducted towards assessing the efficiency of laboratory tests in differentiating the quality of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés seed lots. Seeds from nine lots were assessed regarding water content, germination, first germination count, electrical conductivity and seedling emergence in sand in the laboratory (normal seedlings, first count and germination rate index), and the results were compared with those from the seedling emergence test conducted in the field. The experimental design used was completely randomized, with four replicates, and the Pearson correlation coefficient between the values from the germination, vigor and field seedling emergence tests was determined. The germination and seedling emergence in sand tests and the seedling emergence rate index efficiently assess the physiological quality of Brachiaria brizantha cv. Xaraés seed lots, providing data similar to those from seedling emergence in the field.
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Ibrahim, Muhi Eldeen Hussien, Xinkai Zhu, G. Zhou, and Eltayib H. M. A. Abidallhaa. "Effects of Nitrogen on Seedling Growth of Wheat Varieties under Salt Stress." Journal of Agricultural Science 8, no. 10 (September 7, 2016): 131. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v8n10p131.
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<p>Wheat growth is hampered by various environmental stresses including salinity. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the nitrogen effect on seedling emergence and growth under salinity conditions. For this reason the seeds of wheat (<em>Triticum aestivum </em>L.) varieties Argine, and Elnilein from Sudan and Xumai 30, and Yang 10-13 from China were cultured under four NaCl solutions containing (0, 100, 150, and 200 mM NaCl) and three nitrogen (N) fertilizer levels (N0 = 0, N1 = 105, and N2 12 = 210 kg N/h). Emergence percentage and early growth were determined. There were significant differences among salinity and N levels for emergence percentage shoot and root length, dry weight, salt tolerance index, and seedling vigor index. At all salinity levels, the varieties showed similar salt resistance, but each responded differently. Nitrogen affected positively on the seedling characteristics under saline soil. Elnilein had a better emergence percentage, shoot and root length, dry weight, salt tolerance index, and seedling vigor index than the other varieties. Elnilein is recommended for saline soils. We suggest that a simple seedling test would be a useful selection tool in order to develop productive new wheat lines on saline soils.</p>
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Cowan, Paul, Susan E. Weaver, and Clarence J. Swanton. "Interference between pigweed (Amaranthusspp.), barnyardgrass(Echinochloa crus-galli), and soybean (Glycine max)." Weed Science 46, no. 5 (October 1998): 533–39. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s0043174500091050.
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Field experiments were conducted to determine the influence of time of emergence and density of single and multispecies populations of pigweed and barnyardgrass on soybean yield and competitive abilities of pigweed and barnyardgrass. Pigweed and barnyardgrass were established at selected densities within 12.5 cm on either side of the soybean row. Pigweed and barnyardgrass seeds were sown concurrently with soybean and at the cotyledon stage of soybean growth. Time and density of pigweed and barnyardgrass seedling emergence relative to soybean influenced the magnitude of soybean yield loss. Maximum soybean yield loss ranged from 32 to 99%, depending upon time of emergence relative to soybean. Pigweed was more competitive than barnyardgrass across all locations, years, and time of weed emergence. When pigweed was assigned a competitive index of 1 on a scale from 0 to 1, the competitive ability of barnyardgrass ranged from 0.075 to 0.40 of pigweed, depending upon location and time of emergence. This is the first multiple weed species study to include time of weed emergence relative to the crop. Competitive index values for multiple weed species must be calculated from field experiments in which weeds are grown with the crop under differing environmental conditions.
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Parera, Carlos A., Daniel J. Cantliffe, Peter J. Stoffella, and Brian T. Scully. "Field Emergence of shrunken-2 Corn Predicted by Single- and Multiple-vigor Laboratory Tests." Journal of the American Society for Horticultural Science 120, no. 1 (January 1995): 128–32. http://dx.doi.org/10.21273/jashs.120.1.128.
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Poor emergence and seedling vigor are common characteristics of many sweet corn (Zea mays L.) cultivars with the shrunken-2 (sh2) mutant endosperm. A rapid and reliable predictor of sweet corn seed field emergence would improve the potential for high quality crops. Field emergence of seven sh2 sweet corn cultivars grown at seven environments in Florida were correlated with laboratory vigor tests. Factor analysis was used to separate noncollinear vigor tests for subsequent multiple regression models. The best single predictor test (R2 = 0.93***) was an index based on leachate conductivity and germination percentage after a complex stress vigor test involving incubation at 15C. Leachate conductivity after 3 h soaking at 25 or 30C (R2 = 0.9W***), soil cold test (R2 = 0.9***), alternate temperature stress conductivity test (R2 = 0.88***), standard germination test at 30C (R2 = 0.88***), and an index involving incubation at 25C (R2 = 0.88***) were also good predictors of field emergence. Noncollinear tests including the towel germination test at 25 C and an alternate temperature stress conductivity test resulted in the best two factor predictor (r2 = 0.89***), and with glutamic acid decarboxylase activity (GADA) was the best three factor predictor (r2 = 0.93***). The index of conductivity and complex vigor test (ICS) evaluated seed membrane integrity and potential for pathogen infection, respectively, and can be considered as major factors affecting emergence in sh2 sweet corn.
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Wiethan, Maria MS, Gabriel S. Bortolin, Renata S. Pinto, and Antonio Carlos F. Silva. "Initial development of lettuce in vermicompost at higher trichoderma doses." Horticultura Brasileira 36, no. 1 (March 2018): 77–82. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0102-053620180113.
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ABSTRACT The study aimed to evaluate the initial development, as well as, the chemical characteristics of lettuce plants grown in substrate with high concentrations of bioagent (trichoderma). A completely randomized design with four replicates was used. The treatments, applied to a substrate composed of a blend of vermicompost and commercial substrate, were established by the following doses of the commercial product ICB Nutrissolo Trichoderma: T1) 0.0; T2) 1.0; T3) 2.0; T4) 4.0; T5) 8.0 and T6) 16.0x1011 conidia kg-1 of product. After inoculation, the substrate was placed in trays, where 50 lettuce seeds were sown on each replication. Plants were thinned after emergency stabilization, maintaining ten seedlings per tray. At 28 days after sowing, the characteristics percentage and emergence speed index, leaf area, fresh and dry leaf biomass, volume, length and surface area of the root were evaluated. We also determined the chemical characteristics of the leaves. The percentage of seed germination and the emergence speed index were lower at doses higher than 4.0x1011 conidia kg-1 of the biological product. All the studied doses influenced negatively in shoot and root development of the plants. The percentage of nutrients in the leaves was higher in treatments with ICB.
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Battaglia, M. "Effects of Seed Dormancy and Emergence Time on the Survival and Early Growth of Eucalyptus delegatensis and E. amygdalina." Australian Journal of Botany 44, no. 2 (1996): 123. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/bt9960123.
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Seed of two tree species, Eucalyptus amygdalina Labill. and E. delegatensis R.T.Baker, was sown on 12 separate dates at two sites close to which both occurred. The species have parapatric distributions but form ecotonal stands. One site was harsh by comparison to the other. Recruitment, survival and growth were recorded at regular intervals following sowing and were related to temperature and soil moisture. The non-dormant seed fraction of both species responded similarly to environmental cues, with rapid emergence occurring when the mean daily temperature exceeded 6°C and the soil moisture index was below 30 mm. Differences in the pattern of emergence between the species resulted from differing degrees of seed dormancy. On the harsh site, spring emergence gave superior survival and growth than did autumn emergence. Consequently, spring emergents were dominant at the end of the experiment. At the milder of the two sites, little difference in survival or growth was observed between emergence times and consequently seedlings emerging in the autumn were dominant at the end of the experiment. Differences between the mortality rate of very young seedlings of each species were detected at some times of year. The combination of differences in seedling mortality, and patterns of emergence as a result of seed dormancy suggest that differences in the regeneration niche may act to reinforce species boundaries, and combined with spatial and temporal variation in regeneration conditions may promote coexistence in ecotonal stands.
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Baron, Daniel, Gisela Ferreira, Carmen Sílvia Fernandes Boaro, and Martha Maria Mischan. "Evaluation of substrates on the emergence of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) Seedlings." Revista Brasileira de Fruticultura 33, no. 2 (May 27, 2011): 575–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-29452011005000053.
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Choosing a substrate is the determinant factor for the seedling producer; thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of different types of substrates on the emergence of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) seedlings. The experiment was carried out in a greenhouse and the experimental design was in randomized blocks, with three treatments and five replicates of 72 seeds per plot. The treatments consisted of the following substrates: coconut fiber, vermiculite and Plantmax® Citrus. The number of emerged seedlings was weekly counted for 105 days. Data regarding seedling height were obtained, and the emergence velocity index and mean time, besides total emergence percentage and that over time were calculated. Results from total mean emergence percentage, seedling height, emergence velocity index (EVI), and mean emergence time (MET) were subjected to analysis of variance and means were compared by the Tukey's test at 5% significance. The curves concerning the emergence percentage over time were fit by the logistic growth equation for each treatment and the means of each parameter (A, B, C) were compared by the Duncan's test at 5% significance. The substrates vermiculite led to the highest values of emergence percentage differing from the PlantMax® Citrus, but not of the coconut fiber, however the vermiculite promoted seedling height in a shorter time; therefore, this substrate is recommended for the initial development of "araticum-de-terra-fria" (Annona emarginata (Schltdl.) H. Rainer) seedlings.
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Van Acker, R. C., W. J. Bullied, and M. J. du Croix Sissons. "Tillage index predicts weed seedling recruitment depth." Canadian Journal of Plant Science 84, no. 1 (January 1, 2004): 319–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.4141/p03-074.
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The influence of tillage on the depth of weed seedling recruitment has implications for species competitive ability, weed management strategy development, and the modeling of weed emergence; characterization of this relationship could aid in the creation of field-specific models of weed seedling recruitment. A tillage index based on the percentage of residue cover remaining on the soil surface after tillage events was assessed for 44 zero-tillage and 44 conventional-tillage fields across Manitoba, Canada. This index was related to in situ measurements of seedling recruitment depth from the same fields for five annual weed species. The modeled relationship was linear and unique for each species (R2 values ranged from 0.38 to 0.71). The relationship did not differ between pre- and post-seeding measurements, or between years, except for green foxtail. Slopes of the regression lines were greater for species such as volunteer wheat, which can recruit from a great range of depths. The results of this study show that recent tillage strongly influences mean weed seedling recruitment depth, and that the recruitment depth of summer annual weed seedlings is related in a continuous and reliable manner to a simple estimation of the relative level of tillage (including seeding) applied in one season. Key words: Recruitment depth, tillage index, weed emergence, weed seedlings
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Reis, F. C., J. F. Medina Sotomayor, D. B. Garcia, A. A. M. Barroso, A. J. P. Albrecht, and R. V. Filho. "Germination and emergence of trumpet flower (tecoma stans) under different environmental conditions." Planta Daninha 32, no. 2 (June 2014): 283–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582014000200005.
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The aim of this work was to analyze the effect of temperature and light intensity on trumpet flower seed germination, as well as the effect of seeding depth on its emergence. To study the influence of temperature, nine temperature intervals were evaluated, ranging from 15.0 to 40.0 ºC. A randomized block design experiment was used with five replications and 20 seeds per replication, and performed twice. To evaluate light intensity on seed germination, a randomized experimental design was used with eight replications and 25 seeds per replication. The treatments applied were: photoperiod with temperature alternation; photoperiod with constant temperature; darkness with temperature alternation; and darkness with constant temperature. The photoperiod consisted of 8 hours of light and 16 hours of darkness, and the constant temperature was 25 ºC. The treatments with temperature alternations were established with 8 hours at 30 ºC, and 16 hours at 20 ºC. Germination was assessed daily to calculate the total percentage of germination as well as the Germination Velocity Index (GVI). To study the influence of seeding depth on plant emergence, 25 seeds were seeded at 0, 20, 40, and 80 mm in pots with sieved soil. The experiment was arranged in a randomized block design with four replications. Seedling emergence was monitored daily until the 15th day after seeding. After that period, the total percentage of emergence was calculated for each experimental unit, as well as the Emergence Velocity Index (EVI). Formation of normal seedlings and the Germination Velocity Index were different among temperatures and higher germination percentages were observed between 20.3 ºC and 37.5 ºC. Tecoma stans seedlings did not germinate when planted at 40 and 80 mm depth. However, the seedlings placed on the soil surface had an emergence percentage of 72. At 20 mm depth, the emergence rate was 31%.
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PEREIRA, LUCAS CAIUBI, LARISSA VINIS CORREIA, DAVID FERNANDO POSSO SUAREZ, CRISTIANE DE CARVALHO, and ALESSANDRO LUCCA BRACCINI. "COMPARISON BETWEEN BIOMETRIC AND ELECTROLYTE LEAKAGE TESTS AS INDICATORS OF MAIZE SEED VIGOR." Revista Brasileira de Milho e Sorgo 19 (November 16, 2020): 10. http://dx.doi.org/10.18512/rbms2020v19e1127.
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The objective of this work was to compare the accuracy of seedling tests based on electrolyte release to distinguish different maize seed vigor levels with the accuracy provided by biometric tests for seedling length and biomass. For this purpose, seeds with different vigor levels of the Garra Viptera hybrid had their physiological potential evaluated through tests of germination, accelerated aging, seed electrical conductivity, field emergence, seedling length, seedling dry biomass, seedling electrical conductivity, potassium leakage and membrane injury index. Completely randomized design was used, with four replications, except for the field emergence variable, when the randomized complete block design was adopted. The obtained means were compared by Fisher's LSD test, at 5% probability, and then Pearson’s correlation coefficients were calculated between the tests based on seedling performance and the physiological quality results obtained with the seeds. In addition to their lower sensitivity to istinguish the different vigor levels, the biometric tests (length and biomass) showed values of correlation with field emergence considerably lower than those btained with the membrane permeability tests (seedling electrical conductivity, otassium leakage and membrane injury index). Among the tests based on electrolyte extravasation, the membrane injury index was the most accurate to differentiate maize seed lots in different vigor levels, as well as to estimate the seed emergence in the field.
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ALMEIDA, ISAIAS VITORINO BATISTA DE, JEAN PIERRE CORDEIRO RAMOS, WELLISON FILGUEIRAS DUTRA, RISELANE DE LUCENA ALCÂNTARA BRUNO, and EDNA URSULINO ALVES. "GENETIC DIVERSITY AMONG Calotropis procera (Aiton) WT Aiton GENOTYPES ACCORDING TO SEED PHYSIOLOGICAL QUALITY." Revista Caatinga 30, no. 4 (December 2017): 912–19. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/1983-21252017v30n411rc.
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ABSTRACT Characterizing genetic diversity based on evaluations involving germination and seed vigor, is a fundamental stage in starting the development of a cultivation system for Calotropis procera. Thus, this study aimed to estimate genetic diversity among 35 C. procera genotypes based on germination and vigor of seeds stored for 1 year. The genotypes, which originated from areas in Paraíba (Brazil), where they occur naturally, were collected and stored in March 2014. In order to evaluate the physiological potential of the seeds, two experiments were conducted between March and April 2015. The first involved a propagation test conducted in a germination chamber, while the second involved an emergence test in washed sand, performed in polyethylene trays in a screened environment under uncontrolled conditions. In both experiments, an entirely randomized design was used, with four repetitions of 25 seeds per genotype. The characteristics evaluated were germination, average daily germination, daily germination speed, the speed of germination index, the plantlet vigor index, emergence, the speed of emergence index, total length, and total dry mass. The results showed that genetic variability exists among the C. procera genotypes for variables involving germination and vigor of seeds stored for 1 year. Also, emergence, total dry plantlet mass, and germination characteristics contribute most to the genetic divergence among C. procera genotypes.
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Huang, Li, Wei Wang, and Minggong Wang. "Simulation Research of Space-Time Evolution of Emergency Logistics Network Reliability Based on Complex Network Theory." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2013 (2013): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2013/303187.
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We propose the conception and evaluation indexes of emergency logistics network connecting reliability to construct evaluation index system of complex network reliability, and describe these indexes quantitatively to evaluate the network connecting reliability. Moreover, the network topological model and the simulation methods of reliability measurement when the network is under attack are present. Finally, we take three classical emergency logistics networks as examples, and through emulation analysis we obtain the connecting reliability changing situation of these three networks under random attack, the changing curve of the ratio of effective demand nodes and emergence supply mileage of emergency logistics network with same network density but different forms, and then evaluate the emergency logistics network connecting reliability. This can provide references for the designing of emergency logistics network with high reliability and analysis means for research in other fields.
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Xavier, Priscilla Brites, Henrique Duarte Vieira, and Cynthia Pires Guimarães. "Physiological potential of stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande seeds coated with different materials." Journal of Seed Science 37, no. 2 (June 2015): 117–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/2317-1545v37n2145982.
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The aim of this study was to assess the effect of different coatings on the physiological potential of stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande seeds. The treatments were: uncoated seeds; limestone + PVA glue; limestone + sand + PVA glue; limestone + activated carbon + PVA glue; calcium silicate + PVA glue; calcium silicate + sand + PVA glue; calcium silicate + activated carbon + PVA glue. Posteriorly, the seeds were analyzed for water content (WC), maximum diameter (MAD) and minimum diameter (MID), thousand seed weight (TSW), germination test, germination speed index (GSI), mean germination time (MGT), emergence, emergence speed index (ESI), mean emergence time (MET), shoot and root length, fresh and dry matter of shoot and root. The coating increased the TSW, MAD and MID and decreased its WC. The treatments comprising limestone + PVA glue and limestone + sand + PVA glue increased the germination time, but none of the treatments negatively affected the physiological seed quality. Treatment with calcium silicate + PVA glue was outstanding for germination speed index and fresh and dry matter of shoot and root in the stylosanthes cv. Campo Grande seeds coating.
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van Oud-Alblas, Heleen J. Blussé, Jeroen W. B. Peters, Tom G. de Leeuw, Dick Tibboel, Jan Klein, and Frank Weber. "Comparison of Bispectral Index and Composite Auditory Evoked Potential Index for Monitoring Depth of Hypnosis in Children." Anesthesiology 108, no. 5 (May 1, 2008): 851–57. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0b013e31816bbd6e.
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Background In pediatric patients, the Bispectral Index (BIS), derived from the electroencephalogram, and the composite A-Line autoregressive index (cAAI), derived from auditory evoked potentials and the electroencephalogram, have been used as measurements of depth of hypnosis during anesthesia. The performance and reliability of BIS and cAAI in distinguishing different hypnotic states in children, as evaluated with the University of Michigan Sedation Scale, were compared. Methods Thirty-nine children (aged 2-16 yr) scheduled to undergo elective inguinal hernia surgery were studied. For all patients, standardized anesthesia was used. Prediction probabilities of BIS and cAAI versus the University of Michigan Sedation Scale and sensitivity/specificity were calculated. Results Prediction probabilities for BIS and cAAI during induction were 0.84 for both and during emergence were 0.75 and 0.74, respectively. At loss of consciousness, the median BIS remained unaltered (94 to 90; not significant), whereas cAAI values decreased (60 to 43; P < 0.001). During emergence, median BIS and cAAI increased from 51 to 74 (P < 0.003) and from 46 to 58 (P < 0.001), respectively. With respect to indicate consciousness or unconsciousness, 100% sensitivity was reached at cutoff values of 17 for BIS and 12 for cAAI. One hundred percent specificity was associated with a BIS of 71 and a cAAI of 60. To ascertain consciousness, BIS values greater than 78 and cAAI values above 52 were required. Conclusions BIS and cAAI were comparable indicators of depth of hypnosis in children. Both indices, however, showed considerable overlap for different clinical conditions.
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Tanveer, A., M. Tasneem, A. Khaliq, M. M. Javaid, and M. N. Chaudhry. "Influence of seed size and ecological factors on the germination and emergence of field bindweed (Convolvulus arvensis)." Planta Daninha 31, no. 1 (March 2013): 39–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s0100-83582013000100005.
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An understanding of seed germination ecology of weeds can assist in predicting their potential distribution and developing effective management strategies. Influence of environmental factors and seed size on germination and seedling emergence of Convolvulus arvensis (field bindweed) was studied in laboratory and greenhouse conditions. Germination occurred over a wide range of constant temperatures, between 15 and 40 ºC, with optimum germination between 20 and 25 ºC. Time to start germination, time to 50% germination and mean germination time increased while germination percentage and germination index decreased with an increase in temperature from 20 ºC, salinity and osmotic stress. However, germination was tolerant to low salt (25 mM) or osmotic stress (0.2 MPa), but as salinity and osmotic stress increased, germination percentage and germination index decreased. Seeds of C. arvensis placed at soil surface showed maximum emergence and decreased as seeding depth increased. Seeds of C. arvensis germinated over a wide range of pH (4 to 9) but optimum germination occurred at pH 6 to 8. Under highly alkaline and acidic pH, time to start germination, time to 50% germination and mean germination time increased while germination percentage and germination index decreased. Increase in field capacity caused decreased time to start germination, time to 50% germination and mean germination time but increased germination percentage and germination index. Bigger seeds had low time to start germination, time to 50% germination and mean germination time but high germination percentage and germination index. Smaller seeds were more sensitive to environmental factors as compared to larger or medium seeds. It can be concluded that except for pH, all environmental factors and seed sizes adversely affect C. arvensis as regards seed germination or emergence and germination or emergence traits, and larger seeds result in improved stand establishment and faster germination than small seeds, regardless of moisture stress or deeper seeding depth.
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Kankarla, Vanaja, Manoj K. Shukla, Geno A. Picchioni, Dawn VanLeeuwen, and Brian J. Schutte. "Germination and Emergence Responses of Alfalfa, Triticale and Quinoa Irrigated with Brackish Groundwater and Desalination Concentrate." Agronomy 10, no. 4 (April 10, 2020): 549. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/agronomy10040549.
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Increasing human population has raised the demand for food and forage production for a secure future. Current agriculture is challenged by increasing salinity and decreasing vegetation, especially in the arid and semi-arid regions of the world. Western United States, especially, New Mexico is confronting continued drought, sodic soils, and degrading rangelands. Groundwater is increasingly used to supplement surface water for irrigation, despite being brackish, with an EC greater than 3 dSm−1. One way to supplement irrigation water supply is to desalinize brackish groundwater using a reverse osmosis (RO) process and utilize the RO concentrate to irrigate food and forage crops. The objective of this study were to determine the germination and emergence of three species, alfalfa (Medicago sativa-VNS (variety not stated)), triticale (×Triticosecale (VNS)), and quinoa (Chenopodium californicum-hand selected from native stand in S. California), when irrigated with brackish and RO concentrate waters. A germination experiment was conducted with alfalfa, triticale, and quinoa for 20 days in growth chambers set at their optimum germination temperatures of 29/18 °C, 17/7 °C, and 17/7.2 °C day/night, respectively, with a 12-hour photoperiod. An emergence experiment was conducted with the same species under controlled conditions in a greenhouse. In both the experiments, seeds were irrigated with four irrigation water salinity treatments (EC 0.7 dSm−1 (tap water as control)), 4.0 dSm−1 brackish groundwater (BGW), 8.0 dSm−1 reverse osmosis concentrate (RO), and 10.0 dSm−1 (BGW + NaCl) irrigation. Germination %, and emergence %, mean germination and emergence time, germination and emergence index, Timson’s index and Timson’s modified index were calculated. Results showed triticale had the highest germination % (80.5% as soils main effect and 87.84 % as species main effect irrespective of salinity) and emergence % (91.25% with control and BGW, 87.19% with RO) while quinoa was the most sensitive to salinity. Sand soil was favorable promoting higher germination up to 8 dSm−1 and clay soil promoted good emergence in alfalfa and triticale. The mean germination and emergence time was the shortest for triticale followed by alfalfa and longest for quinoa. This clearly demonstrates triticale as a promising salt tolerant forage species that can be cultivated in dry and degraded rangelands.
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Maziero, Claudia Luiza, Reginaldo Ferreira Santos, Doglas Bassegio, Cristiano Fernando Lewandoski, Paulo de Lima Bueno, Tiago Roque Benetoli, Deonir Secco, Samuel Nelson Melegari de Souza, Diane Maschio de Souza, and Ricielly Eloyze Rosseto. "Initial growth and agronomic performance of some important North American safflower cultivars." Australian Journal of Crop Science, no. 13(05) 2019 (May 20, 2019): 726–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.21475/ajcs.19.13.05.p1414.
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North American safflower cultivars can be considered as alternatives for cultivation in light of the limited improvement in the commercially grown and registered cultivars in Brazil. This study aimed to evaluate the initial growth and agronomic performance of North American safflower cultivars in Brazil. The experimental design for North American cultivars included random blocks with six cultivars (S-351, 3307, 8311, 0260, 0210 and S-323) and six replicates. The emergence percentage, emergence speed index, average emergence time, and average emergence speed were determined at 15 days after emergence (DAE). Plant height, stem diameter, number of leaves per plant, fresh plant mass, and dry plant mass were determined at 30 DAE. Plant height, stem diameter, number of branches, number of chapters, number of leaves, fresh plant mass, dry plant mass, fresh root mass, and dry root mass were determined at the flowering stage. The final plant density, number of chapters per plant, 100-grain weight, grain yield, oil content, and protein content were determined at the harvest stage. Cultivar S-351 had the greatest initial growth and exhibited greater emergence and emergence speed index. At 30 DAE, the cultivars did not differ with respect to the accumulation of dry mass and number of leaves. During flowering, cultivars S-323 and 8311 had greater accumulation of plant and root dry mass, as well as a greater number of leaves, branches, and chapters. Cultivars 210 and 260 had higher grain yield, whereas cultivars 3307 and S-323 had higher oil content, and cultivar S-351 had higher protein content.
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Beltrame, Rômulo André, Janie Mendes Jasmim, and Henrique Duarte Vieira. "Morphological characterization and germination of Syagrus schizophylla (Mart.) Glass. (ARECACEAE)." Comunicata Scientiae 10, no. 1 (April 17, 2019): 54–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.14295/cs.v10i1.2997.
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The interest in Syagrus schizophylla as an ornamental palm tree and the demand for conservation and preservation of the species led to this research. The objective was to study the physiological characteristics of its germination at different temperatures, as well as the morphological and biometrical characterization of diaspores and seedlings at the initial stages of growth and development. The research was divided into two experiments. In the first one, the aim was to identify the water absorption phases of seeds during germination under five scarification treatments as follows: intact diaspores, scarified diaspores, diaspores with endocarp rupture and intact seeds. In the second experiment, germination was tested at 25, 30 e 25 - 35 ºC; the first germination count, seedling emergence, abnormal seedlings, non-germinated seeds, the emergence curve, the emergence speed index and the mean time of emergence were evaluated. Afterwards, the morphological and biometrical characteristics of diaspores and seedlings were described. The water absorption curve observed under the different scarification treatments showed different water absorption patterns. Emergence percentages were 53, 61 and 47% at 25, 30 and 25 - 35 ºC, respectively. The highest emergence speed index was obtained at 30 ºC. The mean time of emergence was 30 days, approximately, under all the temperatures tested. The diaspores showed a great variability in both shape and size, presenting a globular to ovoid shape with an average length of 2.44 cm and an average width of 1.39 cm. The germination can be classified as hypogeal crypto cotyledonal of the remote-tubular type.
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Hayashi, Kazuko. "Inappropriately low bispectral index of the elderly during emergence from sevoflurane anesthesia." Journal of Clinical Anesthesia 34 (November 2016): 279–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jclinane.2016.04.052.
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Koch, Felipe, Ivan Ricardo Carvalho, Vinícius Jardel Szareski, Gustavo Henrique Demari, Manoela Andrade Monteiro, João Roberto Pimentel, Maicon Nardino, Tiago Pedó, Velci Queiróz de Souza, and Tiago Zanatta Aumonde. "Ecophysiological responses of dual-purpose wheat originating from different cutting management systems." Semina: Ciências Agrárias 38, no. 3 (June 13, 2017): 1641. http://dx.doi.org/10.5433/1679-0359.2017v38n3p1631.
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Wheat is one of the most cultivated cereals worldwide. Some wheat genotypes may be used for dual purposes that is, in the production of animal fodder and grains. The objective of this study was to compare the growth, partitioning of assimilates, and seed vigor expression of dual-purpose wheat cultivars originating from seeds produced by plants subjected to different cutting management systems. Dual-purpose wheat seeds in the vegetative period were used for this study; these were obtained from the cultivar BRS Umbu produced by plants subjected to different cutting management systems. The experimental design was completely randomized in a factorial scheme, with four replications. The treatments comprised a combination of four seed production systems (one, two, and three cuts) and eight planting seasons (10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, and 80 days after emergence [DAE]). Total dry-mass, dry-mass production rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, leaf area index, solar energy conversion efficiency, dry-mass partitioning, seedling emergence in the field, and emergence speed index were evaluated. Data regarding seedling emergence and emergence speed index were adjusted by orthogonal polynomials. Primary growth data were evaluated from the simple logistic equation. From 60 DAE, an inversion of the values of total dry-mass was observed, and the maximum values were observed in plants from seeds produced without cutting management. The highest dry-mass production rates were noted for plants produced by seeds of plants not subjected to cutting management. The highest relative growth rates were noted among plants originating from seeds produced by plants subjected to three- and two-cut treatments. The net assimilation rate was higher in plants originating from seeds produced from plants subjected to cutting management systems. The highest values of emergence were observed for seeds obtained from the three-cut treatment. Similarly, an increase in the values of emergence speed index was observed in seeds from plants subjected to one-cut treatment. Dual-purpose wheat cultivars originating from seeds produced in the absence of cutting management presented higher total dry-mass, dry-mass production rate, and relative growth rate. The net assimilation rate was higher in plants from seeds produced with cutting management systems. Plants produced from seeds subjected to the three-cut production management resulted in more vigorous seeds.
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Yadav, Preeti, Sumit Deswal, and Avtar Singh. "Association analysis for yield and related traits in fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) under different environmental conditions." Journal of Applied and Natural Science 9, no. 2 (June 1, 2017): 1176–81. http://dx.doi.org/10.31018/jans.v9i2.1343.
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Sixteen diverse genotypes of fenugreek (Trigonella foenum-graecum L.) were grown in five (E1 to E5) environments which were created by different date of sowing during the rabi seasons at the Vegetable Farm of CCS HAU, Hisar. (29°15ˈN, 75°69ˈE) during 2012-13. Observations were recorded on ten randomly selected plants from each genotypes in each replications for characters viz. field emergence index, days to 50 % flowering, plant height, number of pods per plant, number of branches per plant, number of seeds per pod, pod length, seed yield (q/ha), test weight, seed germination, seed vigour index-I and II. The estimation of genotypic and phenotypic coefficients (GCV and PCV) variation in all the environments was consistently decreasing with the delaying in sowing date for all the character studied except plant height and test weight indicating that the environmental influence was comparatively more pronounced for these characters in expressing the phenotypic performance of different genotypes. Highest GCV and PCV was estimated as 50.36 % and 55.93 %, respectively for seed vigour index-I in E1. High value of heritability estimated for characters seed yield, seed vigour index-II, seed germination and branches per plant (above 70 %) in E1 revealed that these were less influenced by environment and low heritability estimated for days to 50 % flowering in E2, plant height in E2, seeds per pod in E3, field emergence index in E5 indicated high influence of environment. Based on environmental indices, the environment E2 was most favourable for all the characters studied except field emergence index.
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Pahlavani, M., A. Miri, and G. Kazemi. "Response of oil and protein content to seed size in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. Sahel)." Plant Breeding and Seed Science 59, no. 1 (January 1, 2009): 53–64. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/v10129-009-0004-8.
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Response of oil and protein content to seed size in cotton(Gossypium hirsutum L., cv. Sahel) This study was designed to identify the response of oil and protein content to non-heritable variation of seed size in cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.). The experiment was conducted at Gorgan University of Agricultural Sciences, Gorgan, Iran in 2005. The results showed that germination and emergence increased linearity with seed size and R2 of these relationships were 92 and 89%, respectively. This means that larger seed had higher potential of germination and emergence. Also, there was a strong linear relationship between seed weight and oil content. Seed weight provided a better indication of oil content (R2=0.78) than protein content (R2=0.43). There are no considerable relationship between seed size and protein content of seed. The results of this study also showed a positive and significant correlation between seed weight and oil content (r=0.88**), germination percent (r=0.95**), germination index (r=0.84*), emergence percent (r=0.94**), and emergence index (r=0.88**). This results suggest that oil content, germination and emergence of cotton seed was largely affected by size of seeds. The effects of seed size where studied here are pure effects of size and is not confounded by other effects such as genotypic factors. This finding helps cotton breeders for the genetic improvement of germination and emergence along with oil and protein content of seeds.
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Fong, Robert, Lingzhi Wang, James P. Zacny, Suhail Khokhar, Jeffrey L. Apfelbaum, Aaron P. Fox, and Zheng Xie. "Caffeine Accelerates Emergence from Isoflurane Anesthesia in Humans." Anesthesiology 129, no. 5 (November 1, 2018): 912–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/aln.0000000000002367.
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Abstract Editor’s Perspective What We Already Know about This Topic What This Article Tells Us That Is New Background There are currently no drugs clinically available to reverse general anesthesia. We previously reported that caffeine is able to accelerate emergence from anesthesia in rodents. This study was carried out to test the hypothesis that caffeine accelerates emergence from anesthesia in humans. Methods We conducted a single-center, randomized, double-blind crossover study with eight healthy males. Each subject was anesthetized twice with 1.2% isoflurane for 1 h. During the final 10 min of each session, participants received an IV infusion of either caffeine citrate (15 mg/kg, equivalent to 7.5 mg/kg of caffeine base) or saline placebo. The primary outcome was the average difference in time to emergence after isoflurane discontinuation between caffeine and saline sessions. Secondary outcomes included the end-tidal isoflurane concentration at emergence, vital signs, and Bispectral Index values measured throughout anesthesia and emergence. Additional endpoints related to data gathered from postanesthesia psychomotor testing. Results All randomized participants were included in the analysis. The mean time to emergence with saline was 16.5 ± 3.9 (SD) min compared to 9.6 ± 5.1 (SD) min with caffeine (P = 0.002), a difference of 6.9 min (99% CI, 1.8 to 12), a 42% reduction. Participants emerged at a higher expired isoflurane concentration, manifested more rapid return to baseline Bispectral Index values, and were able to participate in psychomotor testing sooner when receiving caffeine. There were no statistically significant differences in vital signs with caffeine administration and caffeine-related adverse events. Conclusions Intravenous caffeine is able to accelerate emergence from isoflurane anesthesia in healthy males without any apparent adverse effects.
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Mezzalira, Itamara, Caroline Jácome Costa, Eduardo Alano Vieira, Josefino de Freitas Fialho, Marilia Santos Silva, Marcelo Luiz Denke, and Karina Nascimento da Silva. "Pre-germination treatments and storage of cassava seeds and their correlation with emergence of seedlings." Journal of Seed Science 35, no. 1 (2013): 113–18. http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/s2317-15372013000100016.
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Despite propagation of the cassava crop be done by cuttings for commercial purposes, the majority of accesses keeps active the sexual propagation system; what is essential to genetic breeding programs. Cassava seeds, however, have low and uneven germination rates. Considering such event, the objective of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of the storage, and different pre-germination treatments, on cassava seedling emergence. For this, an experiment was carried out with seeds obtained by open pollination between plants of four sweet cassava cultivars, with 10 pre-germination treatments; in addition to a control treatment. The viability of seeds subjected to different treatments was assessed by tetrazolium test; and the assessment of seedling emergence was performed by daily counts of the number of emerged seedlings. Data obtained were expressed in: emergence percentage; emergence speed index; and mean time of seedling emergence. It was concluded that storage, at 4 °C, during one year, increases seed emergence percentage and favors cassava seedling emergence speed; and that the dry heat (60 ºC), during seven and 14 days, also favors their emergence speed .
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Tenreiro Machado, J., Fernando B. Duarte, and Gonçalo Monteiro Duarte. "Power Law Analysis of Financial Index Dynamics." Discrete Dynamics in Nature and Society 2012 (2012): 1–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2012/120518.
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Power law (PL) and fractional calculus are two faces of phenomena with long memory behavior. This paper applies PL description to analyze different periods of the business cycle. With such purpose the evolution of ten important stock market indices (DAX, Dow Jones, NASDAQ, Nikkei, NYSE, S&P500, SSEC, HSI, TWII, and BSE) over time is studied. An evolutionary algorithm is used for the fitting of the PL parameters. It is observed that the PL curve fitting constitutes a good tool for revealing the signal main characteristics leading to the emergence of the global financial dynamic evolution.
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Figueiredo, Josiane Cantuária, Andréia Márcia Santos de Souza David, Dorismar David Alves, Hugo Tiago Ribeiro Amaro, Eduardo Fontes Araújo, Cleisson Dener da Silva, and Danúbia Aparecida Costa Nobre. "Harvest Seasons and Physiological Quality of Buffel Grass cv. Aridus Seeds." Journal of Agricultural Science 12, no. 2 (January 15, 2020): 189. http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/jas.v12n2p189.
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The objective of this research is to study the maturation process of buffel grass cv. Aridus seeds in order to determine their best harvest season, aiming at maximum seed quality. During the inflorescence emergence phase, they were labeled upon showing from five to ten inflorescences emerged per m2. The first seed harvest was done 20 days after inflorescence emergence, and the other harvests were done at 5-day intervals, totaling six harvests. In each harvest season, the seeds were assessed as to water content, dry matter mass, germination, first germination count, seedlings emergence, emergence speed index, and electrical conductivity. The physiological maturity of buffel grass seeds (maximum germination, vigor and dry matter accumulation) occurs from 38 to 42 days after inflorescence emergence, moment when harvest must be done.
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Lavallée, Robert, Gaëtan Daoust, Yves Mauffette, Geneviève Audet, and Charles Coulombe. "Feeding, oviposition and emergence of the white pine weevil (Pissodes strobi (Peck)) under a pioneer broad-leaved forest canopy." Forestry Chronicle 77, no. 5 (October 1, 2001): 885–92. http://dx.doi.org/10.5558/tfc77885-5.
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The white pine weevil's (Pissodes strobi Peck) feeding, oviposition and emergence were studied in a 12-year-old (1998) white pine (Pinus strobus L.) progeny test established under a canopy of mature pioneer species in the Outaouais region (Notre-Dame-du-Laus, Québec, Canada). The basal area of the overstory centred on 63 white pines was used as an indicator of forest cover. With overstory basal area ranging from 0 to 16 m2/ha, some white pine weevil performance parameters such as feeding and oviposition were significantly correlated with forest cover. However, others like the number of pupal chambers, emergence holes, partial survival index (emergence holes/chip-cocoon punctures) and total survival index (oviposition punctures/emergence holes) were not. Results showed that with an increase of forest cover, tree height was not affected but tree bole diameter was reduced. No relation was observed between leader diameter and the number of oviposition punctures. Even under a canopy, natural enemies (Lonchaea corticis Taylor and hymenoptera parasitoids) were also noted to reduce larval and pupal white pine weevil populations. Key words: white pine weevil, white pine, undercover plantation, natural biological control, oviposition, feeding, emerging population, overstory basal area
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Kazemi, M., R. Kasra Kermanshahi, E. Heshmat Dehkordi, F. Payami, and M. Behjati. "Resistance Index of Penicillin-Resistant Bacteria to Various Physicochemical Agents." ISRN Microbiology 2012 (January 31, 2012): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.5402/2012/789474.
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Widespread use of various antimicrobial agents resulted in the emergence of bacterial resistance. Mechanisms like direct efflux, formation, and sequestration of metals and drugs in complexes and antiporter pumps are some examples. This investigation aims to investigate the resistance pattern of penicillin-resistant bacterial strains to some physicochemical agents. Sensitivity/resistance pattern of common bacterial strains to antimicrobial agents were evaluated by disk diffusion assay. Broth and agar dilution method were used for determination of minimum inhibitory concentration and minimal bactericidal concentration. The impact of UV ray on the bacterial growth under laminar flow hood was measured using photonmeter. Our data demonstrates that the most prevalent metal resistance was against arsenate (95.92%), followed by cadmium (52.04%) and mercury (36.73%). There was significant difference between cetrimide resistances among studied microbial strains especially for P. aeruginosa (). High rate of pathogen resistance to various antibacterial agents in our study supports previously published data. This great rate of bacterial resistance is attributed to the emergence of defense mechanisms developed in pathogens. The higher general bacterial resistance rate among Staphylococcus strains rather than E. coli and P. aeruginosa strains draws attention towards focusing on designing newer therapeutic compounds for Staphylococcus strains.
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& Hamza, Kadhim. "EFFECT OF MAIZE SEEDS SOAKING WITH ACIDS OF ASCORBIC, CITRIC AND HUMIC ON FIELD EMERGENCE." IRAQI JOURNAL OF AGRICULTURAL SCIENCES 52, no. 4 (August 22, 2021): 971–76. http://dx.doi.org/10.36103/ijas.v52i4.1407.
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A field experiment was conducted during two spring seasons in 2019 and 2020 to achieve rapid, uniform, and high ratio of field emergence of maize seeds (cv. Baghdad3). Randomize complete block design was used with three replications. Seeds were soaked in acids of ascorbic and citric (100 mg l-1) and humic (1 ml l-1) for 18 hours, as well as control treatment (seeds soaking in distilled water only). The results showed the significant superiority of soaking treatment in humic acid, which gave averages of field emergence properties in both seasons as follows: last day of field emergence (12.6 and 12.9 days), difference between first and last day of field emergence (4.8 and 4.9 days), ratio of field emergence at first count (49.5 and 55.5%), ratio of field emergence at final count (93.2 and 93.2%), daily average of field emergence (7.8 and 7.8 days), average of field emergence time (9.0 and 8.8 days) and index of field emergence average (10.5 and 10.7 days). It can be concluded that seeds soaking in humic acid improved properties of emergence and seedlings; therefore it can be recommended to soak maize seeds in humic acid (1 ml l-1) for 18 hours when planting in the spring season.
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Scarsi, Marina, Renata Paula Herrera Brandelero, and Cristiane Deuner. "Desempenho germinativo de sementes de soja revestidas com polímeros hidrofílicos." COLLOQUIUM AGRARIAE 16, no. 3 (June 9, 2020): 48–59. http://dx.doi.org/10.5747/ca.2020.v16.n3.a371.
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The use of biodegradable and biocompatible polymers in seeds coated has become important due to their desirable and renewable biological properties. The present study aimed to evaluate the effect of hydrophilic polymers on the water absorption process and physiological attributes of soybean seeds, NK 7059 RRcultivar. The seeds were coated with cassava starch, sodium alginate and polyvinyl alcohol biopolymers at four different concentrations 0, 2, 4 and 6%. The water absorption process was evaluated at three hour intervals for 24 hours, totaling eight evaluations. For physiological quality the seeds were submitted to the tests of first germination count, germination, germination speed index, accelerated aging, greenhouse emergence, emergence speed index and electrical conductivity. The polymers used in the present study increase the percentage of seed soaking, especially sodium alginate at a concentration of 4%. The increase in the concentration of polymers negatively affects seedling emergence, and in the case of sodium alginate it reduces germination and seeds vigor.