Academic literature on the topic 'Émergence de souches'
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Journal articles on the topic "Émergence de souches"
Puytorac, Pierre de. "Epidémie émergente et bioterrorisme / Emergent epidemic and bioterrorism." Revue des sciences naturelles d'Auvergne 70, no. 1 (2006): 35–47. https://doi.org/10.3406/rsna.2006.979.
Full textDagnra, A. Y., K. Akolly, A. Gbadoe, K. Aho, and M. David. "Émergence des souches de salmonelles multirésistantes aux antibiotiques à Lomé (Togo)." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 37, no. 5 (May 2007): 266–69. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.medmal.2007.02.002.
Full textRousset, D., M. Rakoto-Andrianarivelo, R. Razafindratsimandresy, J. Balanant, and F. Delpeyroux. "Vaccination antiopoliomyélitique et émergence de virus recombinants dérivés de souches vaccinales à Madagascar." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses 34 (June 2004): S65—S66. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s0399-077x(04)90021-2.
Full textCahu, Julie, and Brigitte Sola. "Émergence de cellules souches cancéreuses ou cellules initiatrices/propagatrices de tumeurs et phénomène de rechute dans le myélome multiple." Bulletin du Cancer 101, no. 12 (December 2014): 1074–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1684/bdc.2014.2027.
Full textCardinale, Eric, Jacques-Albert Dromigny, F. Tall, Mamadou Ndiaye, M. Konté, and Jean David Perrier Gros-Claude. "Sensibilité aux antibiotiques de souches de Campylobacter isolées de carcasses de poulets au Sénégal." Revue d’élevage et de médecine vétérinaire des pays tropicaux 55, no. 4 (April 1, 2002): 259. http://dx.doi.org/10.19182/remvt.9812.
Full textMakanera, Abdoulaye, M. Conde, MA Diallo, O. Sy, T. Diakité, M. Conde, AO Barry, and D. Camara. "Ewingella americana : une bactérie pathogène émergente isolée de selles diarrhéiques à l'Hôpital de l'Amitié Sino-Guinéenne de Kipé/Conakry." Revue Malienne d'Infectiologie et de Microbiologie 14, no. 2 (December 4, 2019): 43–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.53597/remim.v14i2.1369.
Full textTournay, Virginie, Marie-Odile Ott, Dörte Bemme, and Christelle Routelous. "La United Kingdom Stem Cell Bank." Sociologie et sociétés 42, no. 2 (January 20, 2011): 291–312. http://dx.doi.org/10.7202/045365ar.
Full textROSE, Nicolas, and Marie-Frédérique LE POTIER. "L’épizootie de Peste Porcine Africaine : virologie, épidémiologie et perspectives de contrôle." INRAE Productions Animales 33, no. 2 (September 15, 2020): 65–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.20870/productions-animales.2020.33.2.3857.
Full textCriales Doria, Sandra Patricia, Alexandre Lafleur, and Philippe Gervais. "Liver Abscess Metastatic Syndrome Caused by Hypermucoviscous Klebsiella Pneumoniae in a Canadian Patient of Vietnamese Origin." Canadian Journal of General Internal Medicine 14, no. 1 (February 12, 2019): 21–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.22374/cjgim.v14i1.279.
Full textUzuriaga, M., A. Vigouroux, P. Fernandes, M. Liberge, M. Mathar, A. Braille, M. Merimèche, T. Poncin, F. Caméléna, and B. Berçot. "Caractérisation génotypique des souches de bactéries hautement résistantes émergentes (BHRE), une étude descriptive dans deux hôpitaux universitaires français." Médecine et Maladies Infectieuses Formation 1, no. 2 (June 2022): S34. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.mmifmc.2022.03.074.
Full textDissertations / Theses on the topic "Émergence de souches"
Hennart, Mélanie. "Taxonomie génomique des souches bactériennes et émergence de l'antibiorésistance." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2022. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2022SORUS547.pdf.
Full textInfectious diseases are a global public health concern, particularly due to antimicrobial-resistance in some pathogenic bacteria. Klebsiella pneumoniae is one of the most worrying multiresistant bacteria. Corynebacterium diphtheriae, which causes diphtheria, remains largely susceptible to first-line antibiotics, including penicillin, and can be controlled through vaccination, but re-emerges when vaccination coverage is insufficient. Among the effective infection control measures, the accurate detection and identification of these pathogens, as well as their epidemiological monitoring, play a key role. In the recent years, the implementation of whole-genome sequencing (WGS) has revolutionised bacterial genotyping, by providing discrimination at the strain level. Genomic sequencing also enables the detection of variants and their important characteristics, such as virulence or antimicrobial resistance. The research work of this thesis is structured around two main axes. The first axis provides bioinformatic analyses of the population structure of antimicrobial resistance in C. diphtheriae. A genome-wide association study (GWAS) was performed to determine the genetic basis behind the resistance phenotypes, as well as the associations with diphtheria toxin production and other strain characteristics. A new penicillin resistance gene was discovered on a mobile element in C. diphtheriae. A genotyping tool was developed specifically for C. diphtheriae, for which the links between genotypes and clinical phenotypes are poorly known. This tool consolidates and facilitates the detection and genotyping of the main virulence factors and resistance genes, as well as the use of strain nomenclatures from assembled genomes. It also enables the prediction of biovars and toxicity of strains. The second axis relates to infra-species genomic taxonomy. A new approach of genome-based classification and nomenclature of strains was developed using K. pneumoniae as a model. This work describes the design and implementation of a barcoding system that combines Single Linkage MultiLevel (MLSL) clustering and Life Identification Number (LIN) codes, both based on the same core-genome MLST (cgMLST) typing scheme. This innovative taxonomic approach, widely applicable to other bacterial species, yields precise and stable nomenclatures. A study of the phylogenetic structure of C. diphtheriae was also carried out, with the implementation of a cgMLST scheme on the basis of which a genomic taxonomy of strains was proposed. Based on the contributions and concepts presented above, several case studies were carried out: identification and characterisation of a new species (C. rouxii), previously misidentified as C. diphtheriae; genomic epidemiology of diphtheria in different world regions or clinical sources. These applications of genomic taxonomy in combination with antimicrobial resistance gene detection illustrate the potential of the methods and tools developed during this thesis to support genomic research and surveillance of pathogenic bacteria
Lecorvaisier, Florian. "Etude sur la compétition intra-spécifique entre souches bactériennes dans le contexte de la vaccination de masse : approches théorique et statistique." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Lyon 1, 2024. http://www.theses.fr/2024LYO10285.
Full textNowadays, human activities such as the exploitation of the environment (deforestation, hunting, agriculture...) and the globalization of trade lead to the continual emergence of new diseases, of which the recent COVID-19 pandemic is just one example. At the same time, humanity is developing new methods of combating infectious agents, such as antibiotics and vaccines, leading to the emergence of new variants of age-old pathogens. Vaccination, for example, has led to the selection of new strains of Corynebacterium diphtheriae and Bordetella pertussis, the etiological agents of diphtheria and pertussis, respectively. In my thesis work, I first investigated how the use of toxoid vaccines against C. diphtheriae could condition the evolution of this pathogenic bacterium. To do this, I developed a dynamic SIR-like model. This model enabled me to demonstrate that this type of vaccine favors the selection of strains that do not produce the diphtheria toxin, the main virulence factor of C. diphtheriae. I have also shown that competition between toxigenic and non-toxigenic strains facilitates the eradication of toxigenic, and therefore virulent, strains. Thus, vaccination, combined with competition between strains, reduces the circulation of virulent strains of C. diphtheriae and lowers the prevalence of diphtheria. Secondly, I set out to identify the environmental factors affecting the rate of emergence of new pathogen strains in the context of mass vaccination. In the absence of data on diphtheria, I studied a dataset of B. pertussis strains in the United States. More specifically, I was interested in the rate of replacement of wild strains of the bacterium by mutant strains deficient in pertactin (PRN-), a surface antigen present in a large proportion of vaccines in circulation. I had to develop a new method for analyzing these data, as traditional approaches proved unsuitable for studying an invasion phenomenon that is, by definition, highly autocorrelated over time. The results of this analysis suggest that the average temperature of the environment in which these strains circulate could have an impact on the invasion rate of PRN- strains. However, further analysis showed that the dataset was ultimately limited to highlight an effect of an environmental factor on this invasion. Thirdly, I developed a mathematical and computer model to simulate the circulation of two strains of a B. pertussis-like pathogen within a population mimicking that of the USA. The ultimate aim was to produce artificial datasets similar to the one studied in the previous section, in order to check how the quality of sampling and cofactor estimates calculated in the previous model might fluctuate. The preliminary results of this section show that pathogen propagation dynamics is a complex phenomenon, making it particularly difficult to study rigorously. The estimation of cofactors is biased by the quality and quantity of the samples, and their effect is therefore difficult to demonstrate. More work is needed on these aspects. In conclusion, in the course of this thesis I have employed various mathematical and computational approaches to study competition between pathogen strains in a context of mass vaccination. I was able to highlight the role of vaccination in the emergence of non-virulent strains, develop a statistical method to study the rate of emergence of such a strain, and study the strengths and limitations of such an approach
Hocq, Rémi. "Clostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423, une souche plateforme émergente pour la bioproduction de solvants." Thesis, Paris, Institut agronomique, vétérinaire et forestier de France, 2019. http://www.theses.fr/2019IAVF0026.
Full textClostridium beijerinckii DSM 6423 is an atypical bacterial strain which can ferment a wide array of substrates and naturally produce a solvent mixture composed of isopropanol, butanol and ethanol (IBE). Despite its potential, the prospect of using this microorganism for a biobased isopropanol synthesis process remains limited. In particular, its poor selectivity to this alcohol and its weak tolerance to the solvent mixture reduce isopropanol recoverability, although these drawbacks might be alleviated by targeted genome editing approaches. For this matter, developing genetic tools, that were until this work inexistent for this bacterium, and increasing our knowledge of its metabolism are important steps. In this context, a first IFPEN thesis did the ground work by drawing its genetic map and isolating isopropanol-tolerant mutants.Based on this context, my thesis first aimed at developing efficient targeted genetic tools for this relevant strain. Use of Dam- Dcm- plasmids permitted for the first time the successful transformation of this microorganism, enabling the development of a reusable, scarless, genome editing tool based on the CRISPR-Cas9 technology. As a proof of concept, the 2 genes CIBE_0562 (upp) and CIBE_3859 (catB) were inactivated. This second modification made the strain sensitive to thiamphenicol and allowed the use of a dual-plasmid CRISPR system that had previously been engineered in IFPEN to modify the genome of a reference solventogenic species: Clostridium acetobutylicum. After the deletion of the pNF2 endogenous plasmid, transformation efficiencies were drastically increased, resulting in a ∆catB ∆pNF2 platform strain that may be used in the future to construct an efficient strain for isopropanol production.In addition to the development of these genetic tools, my thesis also aimed at characterizing the microorganism by different approaches. Firstly, we studied the impact of several model or industrial carbon sources on the strain performances and on its metabolism. Focusing on three substrates (glucose, sucrose, beetroot molasse), a continuous fermentation process was next designed to isolate the two IBE-characteristic physiological states and coupled to a multi-omic analysis. Proteomics preliminary results highlight the severe impacts of industrial substrates on growth.Secondly, the Capp-Switch sequencing transcriptomic approach was used to map transcription start sites (TSS) at the genome scale for the DSM 6423 strain and two other reference solventogenic strains. A comparative TSS analysis notably revealed a differential regulation of the butyryl-CoA synthesis operon between the C. beijerinckii and C. acetobutylicum species.Although initially not planned at the beginning of this work, the sequencing of the AA strain, one of the mutants that were obtained in the first thesis and that is unable to produce isopropanol, as well as a targeted genome approach reproducing its phenotype in a C. beijerinckii model strain, also revealed the crucial role of σ54 in controlling solvent synthesis and alternative sugar uptake pathways.To conclude, by deepening our knowledge on C. beijerinckii DSM 6423 and by allowing targeted genome editing approaches, my thesis is involved in a series of work conducted at IFPEN that aim at making this strain an IBE fermentation model organism, in order to use it for the bioproduction of isopropanol at the industrial scale
Enache, Angoulvant Adela. "Candida glabrata : pathogène fongique émergent : Typage moléculaire : traçage des souches, génétique des populations et identification des espèces." Paris 6, 2011. http://www.theses.fr/2011PA066710.
Full textAtanasova-Campelo, Ralitsa. "Contribution à l'étude de la levure émergente C. Glabrata : développement d'un modèle murin de dissémination hématogène à point de départ digestif et construction de souches bioluminescentes." Paris 6, 2013. http://www.theses.fr/2013PA066005.
Full textInvasive candidiasis is actually the most frequent fungal infection in immunocompromised patients, with a mortality rate often overpassing 50%. Candida glabrata is the second pathogen in cause of the infection; nevertheless the exact mechanisms of its pathogenicity are yet poorly understood. Thus, this project aimed the better understanding of the pathogen by developing new tools for its study, in particular the establishment of an animal model with oral route of inoculation and the construction of bioluminescent reporter strains. A mouse animal model of colonization and dissemination was established that closely reproduces human infection. The experimental protocol includes hypoprotein diet that facilitates colonization end a 5 days chemotherapy regimen that induces dissemination. In this model liver is the principal target of the infection and mortality rate of 100% can be observed. The protocol was successfully applied to the study of potential virulence factors such as MAT type, adhesion and “petite” mutation. A second part of my work consisted in the construction of bioluminescent strains for real-time tracking of candidiasis. One of the two reporter strains obtained was validated in vitro as well as in vivo and its detection limit was determined in vivo. The strain was afterwards applied to a preliminary study of CCR1 and CCR2 chemokine receptor and their importance in controlling C. Glabrata dissemination
Merda, Déborah. "Histoire évolutive de Xanthomonas arboricola, espèce bactérienne composée de souches pathogènes et commensales." Thesis, Angers, 2016. http://www.theses.fr/2016ANGE0028/document.
Full textDeciphering the evolutionary history of bacterial populations associated to plants is necessary to understand diseaseemergence in agroecosystems. The aim of this study is to unveil the evolutionary events responsible for pathogeniclineages or pathovar emergences in Xanthomonas arboricola. This species is composed of both plant pathogenic andcommensal strains Population genetics analyses and gain and loss inferences of virulence factors showed that X. arboricola exhibits an epidemic population structure, within which epidemic clones emerged from a recombinogenic background population following virulence factor acquisition. Population genomics and inference of divergence scenarii between epidemic clones and the network of recombinant strains showed persistence of homologous recombination along divergence of these two groups, with an asymmetric gene flux from pathogenic strains to commensal ones. Finally, evolutionary history of the type three secretion system (T3SS), the main virulence factor in Xanthomonas genus, was studied at genus scale and showed that T3SS was ancestrally acquired and lost in commensal strains. Altogether these analyses allowed us to show that the common ancestor of X.arboricola had virulence factors, and that within commensal strains, some lost these virulence factors whereas others kept the ancestral repertoire. These latter strains have a similar repertoire to that of some pathogenic strains, and could represent a risk for new disease emergence. Functional genomics could allow us to validate these hypotheses
Ficheux, Anne-Sophie. "Évaluation de la toxicité de mycotoxines émergentes et de couples de mycotoxines sur les cellules humaines d'origine hématopoïétique." Thesis, Brest, 2012. http://www.theses.fr/2012BRES0048.
Full textMycotoxins are secondary metabolites of fungi that are natural contaminants ofseveral commodities, in particular cereals. The main objectives of the thesis were to assess thein vitro toxicity of: (1) emerging mycotoxins beauvericin, enniatin b and moniliformin; (2)combinations of fusariotoxins known to co-contaminate cereals or food commodities:deoxynivalenol and beauvericin, deoxynivalenol and fumonisin B1, deoxynivalenol andzearalenone, deoxynivalenol and T-2, T-2 and zearalenone, beauvericin and enniatin B.Experiences have been done using human hematopoietic cells. Myelotoxicity has beenevaluated using clonogenic assays on granulo-monocytic, erythroid and megakaryocyticprogenitors. Immunotoxicity has been assessed on dendritic cells and macrophages.Emerging mycotoxins were cytotoxic for hematopoietic progenitors. Inhibition oferythroid differentiation has been observed in the presence of enniatin b or moniliformin.Beauvericin and enniatin B were cytotoxic for dendritic cells and macrophages. Thedifferentiation process of monocytes into immature dendritic cells or into macrophages wasdisturbed in the presence of moniliformin. Beauvericin and enniatin B have been shown tointeract with dendritic cells maturation process. Additive myelotoxic and immunotoxic effectswere observed for combination of deoxynivalenol and zearalenone, deoxynivalenol and T-2,T-2 and zearalenone, beauvericin and enniatin B. Co-exposure of granulo-monocyticprogenitors to deoxynivalenol and beauvericin resulted in synergic effects. Combination ofdeoxynivalenol and fumonisin B1 showed antagonist myelotoxic and immunotoxic effects.These in vitro results suggested that emerging mycotoxins could be responsible forhematological and immunological troubles on human in case of consumption of contaminatedcommodities. Simultaneous presence of mycotoxins in food commodities and diet may bemore toxic than the presence of one mycotoxin alone. In vivo studies should be performed totest these hypotheses
Alary, Anouck. "La conservation autologue de sang de cordon ombilical : une ouverture sur une forme émergente de «citoyenneté biologique»." Thèse, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/1866/16231.
Full textThe recent transformation of cord blood to a precious source of stem cells has given rise to a global commercial industry of conservation, which is now competing with a large network of public cord blood banks. This dissertation explores the socio-cultural context surrounding the emergence of that industry and aims at elucidating the ethical and political concerns that it generates. It begins by examining how public cord blood banks define themselves (and are defined by ethical commitees) as purveyors of values such as altruism and national solidarity -that is, values which were traditionally linked to the « redistributive » model of human blood and organs exchanges that emerged after World War II. It next argues that private banks are bringing about a radical transformation of the relationship between mothers and their biological “products”. This dissertation suggests that this innovative model of exchange is an expression of contemporary reconfigurations of the very notion of community, which is now characterized by what we call new forms of “biosociality”. Our hypothesis is that these new socialities can be understood as the consequence of a collective hope to improve familial biological conditions, which is itself the product of the growing financiarization of life sciences. By way of a foray into the « promissive » discourse employed by private banks for their promotional material, the dissertation attemps to identify how these potentialities attributed to cord blood define new maternal subjectivities characterized by specific moral duties and obligations.
Reports on the topic "Émergence de souches"
Hrynick, Tabitha, Godefroid Muzalia, and Myfanwy James. Considérations clés : Communication des risques et engagement communautaire pour la vaccination contre la mpox dans l’est de la République démocratique du Congo. Institute of Development Studies, July 2024. http://dx.doi.org/10.19088/sshap.2024.032.
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