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1
Zheng, Jing Wen, Shi Xiao Li, and Yang Kun. "A New Hybrid Model for Forecasting Crude Oil Price and the Techniques in the Model." Advanced Materials Research 974 (June 2014): 310–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.974.310.
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Being able to predict crude oil prices with a reputation of intransigence to analysis or the directions of changing in crude oil price is of increasing value. We seek a method to forecast oil prices with precise predictions. In this paper, a hybrid model was proposed, which firstly decomposes the crude oil prices into several time series with different frequencies,then predict these time series which are not white noises, and at last integrate the predictions as the final results. We use Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) separately as the technique to decompose crude oil prices. Then we use Dynamic Artificial Neural Network (DAN2) and Back Propagation (BP) Neural Network separately as the technique to predict the deposed time series, and finally integrate the predictions produced by DAN2 or BP by Adaptive Linear Neural Network (ALNN) as the final result of predictions. EEMD has been proved as a very useful method to decompose the nonlinear and non-stationary time series, and DAN2, different from traditional artificial neural networks, also has obvious advantages over traditional ones. In this paper, EEMD and DAN2 are used to predict crude oil prices at the first time。 All in all, we build four models-EEMD-DAN2-ALNN, EMD-BP-ALNN, EEMD-BP-ALNN and EMD-DAN2-ALNN to test which technique, EMD or EEMD, could do better job in decomposition of crude oil prices in this kind of hybrid model and whetherDAN2 could outshine BP when used in this hybrid model. Experimental results of four hybrid models indicate EEMD-DAN2-ALNN could gives the most precise predictions of crude oil prices, and DAN2 has a better performance than traditional neural networks-BP,when used in this hybrid model and EEMD could do a better job than EMD in decomposition of crude oil prices to yield precise predictions of crude oil prices in this model.
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Saâdaoui, Foued, and Othman Ben Messaoud. "Multiscaled Neural Autoregressive Distributed Lag: A New Empirical Mode Decomposition Model for Nonlinear Time Series Forecasting." International Journal of Neural Systems 30, no. 08 (June 26, 2020): 2050039. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s0129065720500392.
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Forecasting has always been the cornerstone of machine learning and statistics. Despite the great evolution of the time series theory, forecasters are still in the hunt for better models to make more accurate decisions. The huge advances in neural networks over the last years has led to the emergence of a new generation of effective models replacing classic econometric models. It is in this direction that we propose, in this paper, a new multiscaled Feedforward Neural Network (FNN), with the aim of forecasting multivariate time series. This new model, called Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD)-based Neural ARDL, is inspired from the well-known Autoregressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) model being our proposal founded upon the concepts of nonlinearity, EMD-multiresolution and neural networks. These features give the model the ability to effectively capture many nonlinear patterns like the ones often present in econophysical time series, such as nonlinear trends, seasonal effects, long-range dependency, etc. The proposed algorithm can be summarized into the following four basic tasks: (i) EMD breaking-down multivariate time series into different resolution levels, (ii) feeding EMD components from the same levels into a number of feedforward neural ARDL models, (iii) from one level to the next, extrapolating the component corresponding to the response variable (scalar output) a number of steps ahead, and finally, (iv) recombining level-by-level forecasts into a single output. An optimal learning scheme is rigorously designed for efficiently training the new proposed architecture. The approach is finally tested and compared to a number of powerful benchmark models, where experiments are conducted on real-world data.
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Lei, Yu, Danning Zhao, and Hongbing Cai. "Ultra Short-term Prediction of Pole Coordinates via Combination of Empirical Mode Decomposition and Neural Networks." Artificial Satellites 51, no. 4 (December 1, 2016): 149–61. http://dx.doi.org/10.1515/arsa-2016-0013.
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Abstract It was shown in the previous study that the increase of pole coordinates prediction error for about 100 days in the future is mostly caused by irregular short period oscillations. In this paper, the ultra short-term prediction of pole coordinates is studied for 10 days in the future by means of combination of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and neural networks (NN), denoted EMD-NN. In the algorithm, EMD is employed as a low pass filter for eliminating high frequency signals from observed pole coordinates data. Then the annual and Chandler wobbles are removed a priori from pole coordinates data with high frequency signals eliminated. Finally, the radial basis function (RBF) networks are used to model and predict the residuals. The prediction performance of the EMD-NN approach is compared with that of the NN-only solution and the prediction methods and techniques involved in the Earth orientation parameters prediction comparison campaign (EOP PCC). The results show that the prediction accuracy of the EMD-NN algorithm is better than that of the NN-only solution and is also comparable with that of the other existing prediction method and techniques.
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Ge, Yujia, Yurong Nan, and Lijun Bai. "A Hybrid Prediction Model for Solar Radiation Based on Long Short-Term Memory, Empirical Mode Decomposition, and Solar Profiles for Energy Harvesting Wireless Sensor Networks." Energies 12, no. 24 (December 13, 2019): 4762. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en12244762.
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For power management in the energy harvesting wireless sensor networks (EH-WSNs), it is necessary to know in advance the collectable solar energy data of each node in the network. Our work aims to improve the accuracy of solar energy predictions. Therefore, several existing prediction algorithms in the literature are surveyed, and then this paper proposes a solar radiance prediction model based on a long short-term memory (LSTM) neural network in combination with the signal processing algorithm empirical mode decomposition (EMD). The EMD method is used to decompose the time sequence data into a series of relatively stable component sequences. For improving the prediction accuracy further by utilizing the current day solar radiation profile in one-hour-ahead predictions, similar solar radiation profile data were selected for training LSTM neural networks. Simulation results show that the hybrid model achieves better prediction performance than traditional prediction methods, such as the exponentially-weighted moving average (EWMA), weather conditioned moving average (WCMA), and only LSTM models.
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Jiang, Qi, Yuxin Cheng, Haozhe Le, Chunquan Li, and Peter X. Liu. "A Stacking Learning Model Based on Multiple Similar Days for Short-Term Load Forecasting." Mathematics 10, no. 14 (July 13, 2022): 2446. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/math10142446.
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It is challenging to obtain accurate and efficient predictions in short-term load forecasting (STLF) systems due to the complexity and nonlinearity of the electric load signals. To address these problems, we propose a hybrid predictive model that includes a sliding-window algorithm, a stacking ensemble neural network, and a similar-days predictive method. First, we leverage a sliding-window algorithm to process the time-series electric load data with high nonlinearity and non-stationarity. Second, we propose an ensemble learning scheme of stacking neural networks to improve forecasting performance. Specifically, the stacking neural networks contain two types of networks: the base-layer and the meta-layer networks. During the pre-training process, the base-layer network integrates a radial basis function (RBF), random vector functional link (RVFL), and backpropagation neural network (BPNN) to provide a robust predictive model. The meta-layer network utilizes a deep belief network (DBN) and the improved broad learning system (BLS) to enhance predictive accuracy. Finally, the similar-days prediction method is developed to extract the relationship of electric load data in different time dimensions, further enhancing the robustness and accuracy of the model. To demonstrate the effectiveness of our model, it is evaluated using real data from five regions of the United States in three consecutive years. We compare our method with several state-of-the-art and conventional neural-network-based models. Our proposed algorithm improves the prediction accuracy by 16.08%, 16.83%, and 22.64% compared to DWT-EMD-RVFL, SWT-LSTM, and EMD-BLS, respectively. Empirical results demonstrate that our model achieves better accuracy and robustness compared with the baselines.
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Huang, Xiaoxin, and Xiuxiu Chen. "A Quantitative Model of International Trade Based on Deep Neural Network." Computational Intelligence and Neuroscience 2022 (May 31, 2022): 1–11. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/9811358.
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This paper is an in-depth study of international trade quantification models based on deep neural networks. Based on an in-depth analysis of global trade characteristics, a summary of existing problems, and a comparative analysis of various prediction methods, this paper constructs the ARIMA model, BP neural network (BPNN) model, and deep neural network (DNN) model to make a comprehensive comparison of international trade quantification. The results show that the nonlinear model has a global trade quantification has some advantages over linear models, and the deep model shows better prediction performance than the shallow model. In addition, preprocessing of the time series is considered to improve the prediction accuracy or shorten the model training time. The empirical modal analysis method (EMD) is introduced to decompose the time series into eigenmodal functions (IMFs) of different scales. Then the decomposed IMF series are arranged into a matrix using principal component analysis (PCA) to reduce the dimensionality and extract the data containing the most stock index information features; these features are then input into BPNN and DNN for combined prediction, thus constructing the combined models EMD-PCA-BPNN and EMD-PCA-DNN. Based on Melitz’s heterogeneous firm trade theory and its development by Chaney, a quantitative trade model incorporating production heterogeneity is constructed through a multisector extension. This paper adopts a general equilibrium analysis, which makes the modeling process pulse clear. The completed model has high flexibility and scalability, which can be applied to quantitative analysis of various problems.
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Zhou, Shuyi, Brandon J. Bethel, Wenjin Sun, Yang Zhao, Wenhong Xie, and Changming Dong. "Improving Significant Wave Height Forecasts Using a Joint Empirical Mode Decomposition–Long Short-Term Memory Network." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 9, no. 7 (July 5, 2021): 744. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse9070744.
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Wave forecasts, though integral to ocean engineering activities, are often conducted using computationally expensive and time-consuming numerical models with accuracies that are blunted by numerical-model-inherent limitations. Additionally, artificial neural networks, though significantly computationally cheaper, faster, and effective, also experience difficulties with nonlinearities in the wave generation and evolution processes. To solve both problems, this study employs and couples empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and a long short-term memory (LSTM) network in a joint model for significant wave height forecasting, a method widely used in wind speed forecasting, but not yet for wave heights. Following a comparative analysis, the results demonstrate that EMD-LSTM significantly outperforms LSTM at every forecast horizon (3, 6, 12, 24, 48, and 72 h), considerably improving forecasting accuracy, especially for forecasts exceeding 24 h. Additionally, EMD-LSTM responds faster than LSTM to large waves. An error analysis comparing LSTM and EMD-LSTM demonstrates that LSTM errors are more systematic. This study also identifies that LSTM is not able to adequately predict high-frequency significant wave height intrinsic mode functions, which leaves room for further improvements.
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Zhang, Boning. "Foreign exchange rates forecasting with an EMD-LSTM neural networks model." Journal of Physics: Conference Series 1053 (July 2018): 012005. http://dx.doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1053/1/012005.
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Chengzhao, Zhang, Pan Heiping, and Zhou Ke. "Comparison of Back Propagation Neural Networks and EMD-Based Neural Networks in Forecasting the Three Major Asian Stock Markets." Journal of Applied Sciences 15, no. 1 (December 15, 2014): 90–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.3923/jas.2015.90.99.
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Shu, Wangwei, and Qiang Gao. "Forecasting Stock Price Based on Frequency Components by EMD and Neural Networks." IEEE Access 8 (2020): 206388–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/access.2020.3037681.
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Teng, Xian Bin, Jun Dong Zhang, Shi Hai Zhang, and Ran Ran Wang. "Fault Diagnosis of Diesel Engine Based on Wavelet Analysis, EMD and Neural Networks." Advanced Materials Research 211-212 (February 2011): 1031–35. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/amr.211-212.1031.
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Based on the complexity of surface vibration of diesel engine, the wavelet denoising method is used to process the monitor signal Preliminary. And then several vibration modes are isolated based on EMD method. Finally take the energy of these vibration modes as the input parameters to create neural network for fault diagnosis of diesel engine valve. The method has accomplished the fault diagnosis of the diesel engine merging many methods.
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MEHBOOB, ZAREEN, and HUJUN YIN. "INFORMATION QUANTIFICATION OF EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION AND APPLICATIONS TO FIELD POTENTIALS." International Journal of Neural Systems 21, no. 01 (February 2011): 49–63. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s012906571100264x.
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The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method can adaptively decompose a non-stationary time series into a number of amplitude or frequency modulated functions known as intrinsic mode functions. This paper combines the EMD method with information analysis and presents a framework of information-preserving EMD. The enhanced EMD method has been exploited in the analysis of neural recordings. It decomposes a signal and extracts only the most informative oscillations contained in the non-stationary signal. Information analysis has shown that the extracted components retain the information content of the signal. More importantly, a limited number of components reveal the main oscillations presented in the signal and their instantaneous frequencies, which are not often obvious from the original signal. This information-coupled EMD method has been tested on several field potential datasets for the analysis of stimulus coding in visual cortex, from single and multiple channels, and for finding information connectivity among channels. The results demonstrate the usefulness of the method in extracting relevant responses from the recorded signals. An investigation is also conducted on utilizing the Hilbert phase for cases where phase information can further improve information analysis and stimulus discrimination. The components of the proposed method have been integrated into a toolbox and the initial implementation is also described.
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Lin, Hualing, and Qiubi Sun. "Crude Oil Prices Forecasting: An Approach of Using CEEMDAN-Based Multi-Layer Gated Recurrent Unit Networks." Energies 13, no. 7 (March 25, 2020): 1543. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en13071543.
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Accurate prediction of crude oil prices is meaningful for reducing firm risks, stabilizing commodity prices and maintaining national financial security. Wrong crude oil price forecasts can bring huge losses to governments, enterprises, investors and even cause economic and social instability. Many classic econometrics and computational approaches show good performance for the ordinary time series prediction tasks, but not satisfactory in crude oil price predictions. They ignore the characteristics of non-linearity and non-stationarity of crude oil prices data, which hinder an accurate prediction and eventually lead to poor accuracy or the wrong result. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) and ensemble EMD (EEMD) solve the problems of non-stationary time series forecasting, but they also generate new problems of mode mixing and reconstruction errors. We propose a hybrid method that is combination of the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN) and multi-layer gated recurrent unit (ML-GRU) neural network to solve the abovementioned issues. This not only deals with the issue of mode mixing effectively, but also makes the reconstruction error of data close to zero. Multi-layer GRU has an excellent ability of nonlinear data-fitting. The experimental results of real WTI crude oil dataset show that the proposed approach perform better in crude oil prices forecasts than some state-of-the-art models.
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Gui, Sibo, Meng Shi, Zhaolong Li, Haitao Wu, Quansheng Ren, and Jianye Zhao. "A Deep-Learning-Based Method for Optical Transmission Link Assessment Applied to Optical Clock Comparisons." Photonics 10, no. 8 (August 10, 2023): 920. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/photonics10080920.
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We apply the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) algorithm and the Time Convolutional Network (TCN) structure, predicated on Convolutional Neural Networks, to successfully enable feature extraction within high-precision optical time-frequency signals, and provide effective identification and alerts for abnormal link states. Experimental validation confirms that the proposed method not only delivers an efficacy on par with traditional manual techniques, but also excels in swiftly identifying anomalies that typically elude conventional approaches. This investigation furnishes novel theoretical backing and forecasting tools for high-precision optical transmission.
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Hassard, Alan. "Investigaton of Eye Movement Desensitization in Pain Clinic Patients." Behavioural and Cognitive Psychotherapy 23, no. 2 (April 1995): 177–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s1352465800014429.
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Twenty-seven pain clinic patients referred for psychological treatment received Eye Movement Desensitization (EMD) as a major part of their treatment. Their progress was monitored using generalized measures with a three month follow-up. All patients responded to EMD in the session. Subsequently, nineteen completed treatment of whom twelve were successful and seven clear failures. Seven dropped out before completing treatment and one result was not clear. Overall the group showed a large decrease in some, but not all, psychological measures. There was some return of symptoms in the group over the three month follow-up. Neural networks are identified as the probable source of theoretical explanations of this procedure.
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HU, Niaoqing. "Fault Diagnosis for Planetary Gearbox Based on EMD and Deep Convolutional Neural Networks." Journal of Mechanical Engineering 55, no. 7 (2019): 9. http://dx.doi.org/10.3901/jme.2019.07.009.
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Carmona, A. M., and G. Poveda. "Prediction of mean monthly river discharges in Colombia through Empirical Mode Decomposition." Proceedings of the International Association of Hydrological Sciences 366 (April 10, 2015): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.5194/piahs-366-172-2015.
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Abstract. The hydro-climatology of Colombia exhibits strong natural variability at a broad range of time scales including: inter-decadal, decadal, inter-annual, annual, intra-annual, intra-seasonal, and diurnal. Diverse applied sectors rely on quantitative predictions of river discharges for operational purposes including hydropower generation, agriculture, human health, fluvial navigation, territorial planning and management, risk preparedness and mitigation, among others. Various methodologies have been used to predict monthly mean river discharges that are based on "Predictive Analytics", an area of statistical analysis that studies the extraction of information from historical data to infer future trends and patterns. Our study couples the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) with traditional methods, e.g. Autoregressive Model of Order 1 (AR1) and Neural Networks (NN), to predict mean monthly river discharges in Colombia, South America. The EMD allows us to decompose the historical time series of river discharges into a finite number of intrinsic mode functions (IMF) that capture the different oscillatory modes of different frequencies associated with the inherent time scales coexisting simultaneously in the signal (Huang et al. 1998, Huang and Wu 2008, Rao and Hsu, 2008). Our predictive method states that it is easier and simpler to predict each IMF at a time and then add them up together to obtain the predicted river discharge for a certain month, than predicting the full signal. This method is applied to 10 series of monthly mean river discharges in Colombia, using calibration periods of more than 25 years, and validation periods of about 12 years. Predictions are performed for time horizons spanning from 1 to 12 months. Our results show that predictions obtained through the traditional methods improve when the EMD is used as a previous step, since errors decrease by up to 13% when the AR1 model is used, and by up to 18% when using Neural Networks is combined with the EMD.
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Li, Chao, Quanjie Guo, Lei Shao, Ji Li, and Han Wu. "Research on Short-Term Load Forecasting Based on Optimized GRU Neural Network." Electronics 11, no. 22 (November 21, 2022): 3834. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/electronics11223834.
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Accurate short-term load forecasting can ensure the safe and stable operation of power grids, but the nonlinear load increases the complexity of forecasting. In order to solve the problem of modal aliasing in historical data, and fully explore the relationship between time series characteristics in load data, this paper proposes a gated cyclic network model (SSA–GRU) based on sparrow algorithm optimization. Firstly, the complementary sets and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) are used to decompose the original data to obtain the characteristic components. The SSA–GRU combined model is used to predict the characteristic components, and finally obtain the prediction results, and complete the short-term load forecasting. Taking the real data of a company as an example, this paper compares the combined model CEEMD–SSA–GRU with EMD–SSA–GRU, SSA–GRU, and GRU models. Experimental results show that this model has better prediction effect than other models.
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Centeno-Bautista, Manuel A., Angel H. Rangel-Rodriguez, Andrea V. Perez-Sanchez, Juan P. Amezquita-Sanchez, David Granados-Lieberman, and Martin Valtierra-Rodriguez. "Electrocardiogram Analysis by Means of Empirical Mode Decomposition-Based Methods and Convolutional Neural Networks for Sudden Cardiac Death Detection." Applied Sciences 13, no. 6 (March 10, 2023): 3569. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app13063569.
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Sudden cardiac death (SCD) is a global health problem, which represents 15–20% of global deaths. This type of death can be due to different heart conditions, where ventricular fibrillation has been reported as the main one. These cardiac alterations can be seen in an electrocardiogram (ECG) record, where the heart’s electrical activity is altered. The present research uses these variations to be able to predict 30 min in advance when the SCD event will occur. In this regard, a methodology based on the complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition (CEEMD) method to decompose the cardiac signal into its intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and a convolutional neural network (CNN) for automatic diagnosis is proposed. Results for the ensemble empirical mode decomposition (EEMD) method and the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method are also compared. Results demonstrate that the combination of the CEEMD and the CNN is a potential solution for SCD prediction since 97.5% of accuracy is achieved up to 30 min in advance of the SCD event.
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Wu, Jian Hua, Zheng Qiang Yao, Y. Jin, H. B. Xie, Y. S. Zhao, and L. Ch Xu. "Application of Hilbert-Huang Transform to Predict Grinding Surface Quality On-Line." Key Engineering Materials 304-305 (February 2006): 227–31. http://dx.doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/kem.304-305.227.
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Predicting the precision of grinding process, especially correlating surface functionality generation to grinding conditions, would be of great significance to improve grinding accuracy of the end precision product. Huang developed a very promising revolutionary spectral data analysis technique based on the Hilbert transform. The concrete methods of the EMD, the local Hilbert spectrum are introduced. An artificial neural network (ANN) based on back propagation is developed to predict surface roughness Ra. An accelerometer is employed as in-process surface recognition sensor during grinding process to collect the vibration as input neurons. Changing the grinding condition, training and testing within the artificial neural networks to retrieve the weightings, the experimental results show that the proposed ANN surface recognition model is economical, efficient and the model has a high accuracy rate for predicting surface roughness.
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Mbatha, Nkanyiso, and Hassan Bencherif. "Time Series Analysis and Forecasting Using a Novel Hybrid LSTM Data-Driven Model Based on Empirical Wavelet Transform Applied to Total Column of Ozone at Buenos Aires, Argentina (1966–2017)." Atmosphere 11, no. 5 (April 30, 2020): 457. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/atmos11050457.
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Total column of ozone (TCO) time series analysis and accurate forecasting is of great significance in monitoring the status of the Chapman Mechanism in the stratosphere, which prevents harmful UV radiation from reaching the Earth’s surface. In this study, we performed a detailed time series analysis of the TCO data measured in Buenos Aires, Argentina. Moreover, hybrid data-driven forecasting models, based on long short-term memory networks (LSTM) recurrent neural networks (RNNs), are developed. We extracted the updated trend of the TCO time series by utilizing the singular spectrum analysis (SSA), empirical wavelet transform (EWT), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and Mann-Kendall. In general, the TCO has been stable since the mid-1990s. The trend analysis shows that there is a recovery of ozone during the period from 2010 to 2017, apart from the decline of ozone observed during 2015, which is presumably associated with the Calbuco volcanic event. The EWT trend method seems to have effective power for trend identification, compared with others. In this study, we developed a robust data-driven hybrid time series-forecasting model (named EWT-LSTM) for the TCO time series forecasting. Our model has the advantage of utilizing the EWT technique in the decomposition stage of the LSTM process. We compared our model with (1) an LSTM model that uses EMD, namely EMD-LSTM; (2) an LSTM model that uses wavelet denoising (WD) (WD-LSTM); (3) a wavelet denoising EWT-LSTM (WD-EWT-LSTM); and (4) a wavelet denoising noise-reducing sequence called EMD-LSTM (WD-EMD-LSTM). The model that uses the EWT decomposition process (EWT-LSTM) outperformed the other five models developed here in terms of various forecasting performance evaluation criteria, such as the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and correlation coefficient (R).
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Wang, Yijun, Peiqian Guo, Nan Ma, and Guowei Liu. "Robust Wavelet Transform Neural-Network-Based Short-Term Load Forecasting for Power Distribution Networks." Sustainability 15, no. 1 (December 24, 2022): 296. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15010296.
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A precise short-term load-forecasting model is vital for energy companies to create accurate supply plans to reduce carbon dioxide production, causing our lives to be more environmentally friendly. A variety of high-voltage-level load-forecasting approaches, such as linear regression (LR), autoregressive integrated moving average (ARIMA), and artificial neural network (ANN) models, have been proposed in recent decades. However, unlike load forecasting in high-voltage transmission systems, load forecasting at the distribution network level is more challenging since distribution networks are more variable and nonstationary. Moreover, existing load-forecasting models only consider the features of the time domain, while the demand load is highly correlated to the frequency-domain information. This paper introduces a robust wavelet transform neural network load-forecasting model. The proposed model utilizes both time- and frequency-domain information to improve the model’s prediction accuracy. Firstly, three wavelet transform methods, variational mode decomposition (VMD), empirical mode decomposition (EMD), and empirical wavelet transformation (EWT), were introduced to transform the time-domain demand load data into frequency-domain data. Then, neural network models were trained to predict all components simultaneously. Finally, all the predicted data were aggregated to form the predicted demand load. Three cases were simulated in the case study stage to evaluate the prediction accuracy under different layer numbers, weather information, and neural network types. The simulation results showed that the proposed robust time–frequency load-forecasting model performed better than the traditional time-domain forecasting models based on the comparison of the performance metrics, including the mean absolute error (MAE), mean absolute percentage error (MAPE), and root mean squared error (RMSE).
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Feng, Zhijie, Po Hu, Shuiqing Li, and Dongxue Mo. "Prediction of Significant Wave Height in Offshore China Based on the Machine Learning Method." Journal of Marine Science and Engineering 10, no. 6 (June 20, 2022): 836. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jmse10060836.
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Accurate wave prediction can help avoid disasters. In this study, the significant wave height (SWH) prediction performances of the recurrent neural network (RNN), long short-term memory network (LSTM), and gated recurrent unit network (GRU) were compared. The 10 m u-component of wind (U10), 10 m v-component of wind (V10), and SWH of the previous 24 h were used as input parameters to predict the SWHs of the future 1, 3, 6, 12, and 24 h. The SWH prediction model was established at three different sites located in the Bohai Sea, the East China Sea, and the South China Sea, separately. The experimental results show that the performance of LSTM and GRU networks based on the gating mechanism was better than that of traditional RNNs, and the performances of the LSTM and GRU networks were comparable. The EMD method was found to be useful in the improvement of the LSTM network to forecast the significant wave heights of 12 and 24 h.
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Ahmed, Ammar, Youssef Serrestou, Kosai Raoof, and Jean-François Diouris. "Empirical Mode Decomposition-Based Feature Extraction for Environmental Sound Classification." Sensors 22, no. 20 (October 11, 2022): 7717. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s22207717.
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In environment sound classification logs, Mel band energies (MBEs) are considered as the most successful and commonly used features for classification. The underlying algorithm, fast Fourier transform (FFT), is valid under certain restrictions. In this study, we address these limitations of Fourier transform and propose a new method to extract log Mel band energies using amplitude modulation and frequency modulation. We present a comparative study between traditionally used log Mel band energy features extracted by Fourier transform and log Mel band energy features extracted by our new approach. This approach is based on extracting log Mel band energies from estimation of instantaneous frequency (IF) and instantaneous amplitude (IA), which are used to construct a spectrogram. The estimation of IA and IF is made by associating empirical mode decomposition (EMD) with the Teager–Kaiser energy operator (TKEO) and the discrete energy separation algorithm. Later, a Mel filter bank is applied to the estimated spectrogram to generate EMD-TKEO-based MBEs, or simply, EMD-MBEs. In addition, we employ the EMD method to remove signal trends from the original signal and generate another type of MBE, called S-MBEs, using FFT and a Mel filter bank. Four different datasets were utilised and convolutional neural networks (CNN) were trained using features extracted from Fourier transform-based MBEs (FFT-MBEs), EMD-MBEs, and S-MBEs. In addition, CNNs were trained with an aggregation of all three feature extraction techniques and a combination of FFT-MBEs and EMD-MBEs. Individually, FFT-MBEs achieved higher accuracy compared to EMD-MBEs and S-MBEs. In general, the system trained with the combination of all three features performed slightly better compared to the system trained with the three features separately.
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Popa, Stefan Lucian, Teodora Surdea-Blaga, Dan Lucian Dumitrascu, Giuseppe Chiarioni, Edoardo Savarino, Liliana David, Abdulrahman Ismaiel, et al. "Automatic Diagnosis of High-Resolution Esophageal Manometry Using Artificial Intelligence." Journal of Gastrointestinal and Liver Diseases 31, no. 4 (December 16, 2022): 383–89. http://dx.doi.org/10.15403/jgld-4525.
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Background and Aims: High-resolution esophageal manometry (HREM) is the gold standard procedure used for the diagnosis of esophageal motility disorders (EMD). Artificial intelligence (AI) might provide an efficient solution for the automatic diagnosis of EMD by improving the subjective interpretation of HREM images. The aim of our study was to develop an AI-based system, using neural networks, for the automatic diagnosis of HREM images, based on one wet swallow raw image.
Methods: In the first phase of the study, the manometry recordings of our patients were retrospectively analyzed by three experienced gastroenterologists, to verify and confirm the correct diagnosis. In the second phase of the study raw images were used to train an artificial neural network. We selected only those tracings with ten test swallows that were available for analysis, including a total of 1570 images. We had 10 diagnosis categories, as follows: normal, type I achalasia, type II achalasia, type III achalasia, esophago-gastric junction outflow obstruction, jackhammer oesophagus, absent contractility, distal esophageal spasm, ineffective esophageal motility, and fragmented peristalsis, based on Chicago classification v3.0 for EMDs.
Results: The raw images were cropped, binarized, and automatically divided in 3 parts: training, testing, validation. We used Inception V3 CNN model, pre-trained on ImageNet. We developed a custom classification layer, that allowed the CNN to classify each wet swallow image from the HREM system into one of the diagnosis categories mentioned above. Our algorithm was highly accurate, with an overall precision of more than 93%.
Conclusion: Our neural network approach using HREM images resulted in a high accuracy automatic diagnosis of EMDs.
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Dryuchenko, M. A., and A. A. Sirota. "Image stegoanalysis using deep neural networks and heteroassociative integral transformations." Prikladnaya Diskretnaya Matematika, no. 55 (2022): 35–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.17223/20710410/55/3.
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The problem of steganalysis of digital images is considered. The proposed approach is based on the use of deep convolutional neural networks with a relatively simple architecture, distinguished by the use of additional layers of special processing. These networks are trained and used for steganalysis of small fragments of the original large images. For the analysis of full sized images, it is proposed to carry out secondary post-processing, which involves combining the obtained classification results in blocks as a sequence of binary features according to the scheme of a naive Bayesian classifier. We propose to use integral heteroassociative transformations that provide the selection of the estimated and stochastic (masking) components on the processed image fragment based on the forecast model of one part of the fragment in relation to another to identify violations of the structural and statistical image properties after message embedding. Such transformations are included in the architecture of trained neural networks as an additional layer. Alternative versions of deep neural network architectures (with and without an integral layer of heteroassociative transformation) are considered. The PPG-LIRMM-COLOR images base was used to create data sets. Experiments have been carried out for several well-known stego algorithms (including the classic block and block-spectral algorithms of Kutter, Koha - Zhao, modern algorithms EMD, MBEP and algorithms for adaptive spatial steganography WOW and S-UNIWARD) and for the stego algorithms based on the use of heteroassociative compression transformations. It is shown that the accuracy of steganalysis obtained when implementing the proposed information processing schemes for large images with relatively low computational costs is comparable to the results obtained by other authors, and in some cases even exceeds them.
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Jiao, Xiaoxuan, Bo Jing, Yifeng Huang, Juan Li, and Guangyue Xu. "Research on fault diagnosis of airborne fuel pump based on EMD and probabilistic neural networks." Microelectronics Reliability 75 (August 2017): 296–308. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.microrel.2017.03.007.
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Liu, Die, Yihao Bao, Yingying He, and Likai Zhang. "A Data Loss Recovery Technique Using EMD-BiGRU Algorithm for Structural Health Monitoring." Applied Sciences 11, no. 21 (October 27, 2021): 10072. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app112110072.
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Missing data caused by sensor faults is a common problem in structural health monitoring systems. Due to negative effects, many methods that adopt measured data to infer missing data have been proposed to tackle this problem in previous studies. However, capturing complex correlations from measured data remains a significant challenge. In this study, empirical mode decomposition (EMD) combined with a bidirectional gated recurrent unit (BiGRU) is proposed for the recovery of the measured data. The proposed EMD-BiGRU converts the missing data task as predicted task of time sequence. The core of the method is to predict missing data using the raw data and decomposed subsequence as the decomposed subsequence can improve the predicted accuracy. In addition, the BiGRU in the hybrid model can extract the pre-post correlations of subsequence compared with traditional artificial neural networks. Raw acceleration data collected from a three-story structure are used to evaluate the performance of the EMD-BiGRU for missing data imputation. The recovery results of measure data show that the EMD-BiGRU exhibits excellent performance from two perspectives. First, the decomposed subsequence can improve the accuracy of the BiGRU predicted model. Second, the BiGRU outperforms other machine learning algorithms because it captures more microscopic changes of measured data. The experimental analysis suggests that the change patterns of raw measured signal data are complex, and therefore it is significant to extract the features before modeling.
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Kang, Aiqing, Qingxiong Tan, Xiaohui Yuan, Xiaohui Lei, and Yanbin Yuan. "Short-Term Wind Speed Prediction Using EEMD-LSSVM Model." Advances in Meteorology 2017 (2017): 1–22. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/6856139.
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Hybrid Ensemble Empirical Mode Decomposition (EEMD) and Least Square Support Vector Machine (LSSVM) is proposed to improve short-term wind speed forecasting precision. The EEMD is firstly utilized to decompose the original wind speed time series into a set of subseries. Then the LSSVM models are established to forecast these subseries. Partial autocorrelation function is adopted to analyze the inner relationships between the historical wind speed series in order to determine input variables of LSSVM models for prediction of every subseries. Finally, the superposition principle is employed to sum the predicted values of every subseries as the final wind speed prediction. The performance of hybrid model is evaluated based on six metrics. Compared with LSSVM, Back Propagation Neural Networks (BP), Auto-Regressive Integrated Moving Average (ARIMA), combination of Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) with LSSVM, and hybrid EEMD with ARIMA models, the wind speed forecasting results show that the proposed hybrid model outperforms these models in terms of six metrics. Furthermore, the scatter diagrams of predicted versus actual wind speed and histograms of prediction errors are presented to verify the superiority of the hybrid model in short-term wind speed prediction.
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Ma, Yu. "Two models for predicting stock prices in combination with LSTM." Highlights in Business, Economics and Management 5 (February 16, 2023): 664–73. http://dx.doi.org/10.54097/hbem.v5i.5256.
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In addition to its practical and theoretical significance, stock forecasting has long been a hot research topic for scholars domestically and abroad. Stock data are time-series in nature, and neural networks have achieved relatively good performance in dealing with time series problems, among which long-short-term memory neural networks are well suited to dealing with such time-series data with long-term dependence. However, the stock market is an environment that changes with the external environment, with high stochasticity and complex intrinsic nonlinear relationships between different phenomena. Relying on a single method to identify the series directly cannot fully extract the complex information of the series changes, so the combined forecasting method is proposed. One idea is to combine empirical mode decomposition (EMD) with long-short-term memory (LSTM), and another idea is to incorporate LSTM or its variant GRU into generative adversarial networks (GAN/CGAN/WGAN). After an empirical study of Guanhao Bio's stock price and Apple's stock price, both methods present better prediction results.
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Yu, Jing, Feng Ding, Chenghao Guo, and Yabin Wang. "System load trend prediction method based on IF-EMD-LSTM." International Journal of Distributed Sensor Networks 15, no. 8 (August 2019): 155014771986765. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1550147719867655.
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Accurately predicting the load change of the information system during operation has important guiding significance for ensuring that the system operation is not interrupted and resource scheduling is carried out in advance. For the information system monitoring time series data, this article proposes a load trend prediction method based on isolated forests-empirical modal decomposition-long-term (IF-EMD-LSTM). First, considering the problem of noise and abnormal points in the original data, the isolated forest algorithm is used to eliminate the abnormal points in the data. Second, in order to further improve the prediction accuracy, the empirical modal decomposition algorithm is used to decompose the input data into intrinsic mode function (IMF) components of different frequencies. Each intrinsic mode function (IMF) and residual is predicted using a separate long-term and short-term memory neural network, and the predicted values are reconstructed from each long-term and short-term memory model. Finally, experimental verification was carried out on Amazon’s public data set and compared with autoregressive integrated moving average and Prophet models. The experimental results show the superior performance of the proposed IF-EMD-LSTM prediction model in information system load trend prediction.
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Guerrero-Sánchez, Alma E., Edgar A. Rivas-Araiza, Mariano Garduño-Aparicio, Saul Tovar-Arriaga, Juvenal Rodriguez-Resendiz, and Manuel Toledano-Ayala. "A Novel Methodology for Classifying Electrical Disturbances Using Deep Neural Networks." Technologies 11, no. 4 (June 21, 2023): 82. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/technologies11040082.
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Electrical power quality is one of the main elements in power generation systems. At the same time, it is one of the most significant challenges regarding stability and reliability. Due to different switching devices in this type of architecture, different kinds of power generators as well as non-linear loads are used for different industrial processes. A result of this is the need to classify and analyze Power Quality Disturbance (PQD) to prevent and analyze the degradation of the system reliability affected by the non-linear and non-stationary oscillatory nature. This paper presents a novel Multitasking Deep Neural Network (MDL) for the classification and analysis of multiple electrical disturbances. The characteristics are extracted using a specialized and adaptive methodology for non-stationary signals, namely, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). The methodology’s design, development, and various performance tests are carried out with 28 different difficulties levels, such as severity, disturbance duration time, and noise in the 20 dB to 60 dB signal range. MDL was developed with a diverse data set in difficulty and noise, with a quantity of 4500 records of different samples of multiple electrical disturbances. The analysis and classification methodology has an average accuracy percentage of 95% with multiple disturbances. In addition, it has an average accuracy percentage of 90% in analyzing important signal aspects for studying electrical power quality such as the crest factor, per unit voltage analysis, Short-term Flicker Perceptibility (Pst), and Total Harmonic Distortion (THD), among others.
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Cao, Zhiyong, Zhijuan Cao, Hongwei Zhao, Jiajun Xu, Guangyong Zhang, Yi Li, Yufei Su, Ling Lou, Xiujuan Yang, and Zhaobing Gu. "Using Empirical Modal Decomposition to Improve the Daily Milk Yield Prediction of Cows." Wireless Communications and Mobile Computing 2022 (July 11, 2022): 1–7. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2022/1685841.
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In this study, the daily lactation data of Holstein dairy cows in one lactation period (305 days) were used as lactation time series data. Empirical mode decomposition (EMD) was used to decompose milk yield series. The nonstationary milk yield series with multiple oscillation modes was decomposed into several components. After eliminating the interference components, the interference components were superimposed. Remaining component reconstruction was used to get the denoising milk yield series. The denoising milk yield series retained the basic characteristics of the original milk yield series and corrected the errors of the original data. The back propagation neural network (BPNN) was used to predict and compare the original milk yield series and the denoising milk yield series. The results showed that it was feasible to use EMD to smooth the original daily milk production data. The noise reduction milk production series was beneficial to the learning of prediction model and could improve the accuracy of prediction of daily milk production of dairy cows.
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Sadrawi, Muammar, Shou-Zen Fan, Maysam F. Abbod, Kuo-Kuang Jen, and Jiann-Shing Shieh. "Computational Depth of Anesthesia via Multiple Vital Signs Based on Artificial Neural Networks." BioMed Research International 2015 (2015): 1–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2015/536863.
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This study evaluated the depth of anesthesia (DoA) index using artificial neural networks (ANN) which is performed as the modeling technique. Totally 63-patient data is addressed, for both modeling and testing of 17 and 46 patients, respectively. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is utilized to purify between the electroencephalography (EEG) signal and the noise. The filtered EEG signal is subsequently extracted to achieve a sample entropy index by every 5-second signal. Then, it is combined with other mean values of vital signs, that is, electromyography (EMG), heart rate (HR), pulse, systolic blood pressure (SBP), diastolic blood pressure (DBP), and signal quality index (SQI) to evaluate the DoA index as the input. The 5 doctor scores are averaged to obtain an output index. The mean absolute error (MAE) is utilized as the performance evaluation. 10-fold cross-validation is performed in order to generalize the model. The ANN model is compared with the bispectral index (BIS). The results show that the ANN is able to produce lower MAE than BIS. For the correlation coefficient, ANN also has higher value than BIS tested on the 46-patient testing data. Sensitivity analysis and cross-validation method are applied in advance. The results state that EMG has the most effecting parameter, significantly.
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Jin, Zebin, Yixiao Jin, and Zhiyun Chen. "Empirical mode decomposition using deep learning model for financial market forecasting." PeerJ Computer Science 8 (September 14, 2022): e1076. http://dx.doi.org/10.7717/peerj-cs.1076.
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Financial market forecasting is an essential component of financial systems; however, predicting financial market trends is a challenging job due to noisy and non-stationary information. Deep learning is renowned for bringing out excellent abstract features from the huge volume of raw data without depending on prior knowledge, which is potentially fascinating in forecasting financial transactions. This article aims to propose a deep learning model that autonomously mines the statistical rules of data and guides the financial market transactions based on empirical mode decomposition (EMD) with back-propagation neural networks (BPNN). Through the characteristic time scale of data, the intrinsic wave pattern was obtained and then decomposed. Financial market transaction data were analyzed, optimized using PSO, and predicted. Combining the nonlinear and non-stationary financial time series can improve prediction accuracy. The predictive model of deep learning, based on the analysis of the massive financial trading data, can forecast the future trend of financial market price, forming a trading signal when particular confidence is satisfied. The empirical results show that the EMD-based deep learning model has an excellent predicting performance.
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Redwan, Sadi M., Md Rashed-Al-Mahfuz, and Md Ekramul Hamid. "Recognizing Command Words using Deep Recurrent Neural Network for Both Acoustic and Throat Speech." European Journal of Information Technologies and Computer Science 3, no. 2 (May 22, 2023): 7–13. http://dx.doi.org/10.24018/compute.2023.3.2.88.
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The importance of speech command recognition in a human-machine interaction system is increased in recent years. In this study, we propose a deep neural network-based system for acoustic and throat command speech recognition. We apply a preprocessed pipeline to create the input of the deep learning model. Firstly, speech commands are decomposed into components using well-known signal decomposition techniques. The Mel-frequency cepstral coefficients (MFCC) feature extraction method is applied to each component of the speech commands to obtain the feature inputs for the recognition system. At this stage, we apply and compare performance using different speech decomposition techniques such as wavelet packet decomposition (WPD), continuous wavelet transform (CWT), and empirical mode decomposition (EMD) in order to find out the best technique for our model. We observe that WPD shows the best performance in terms of classification accuracy. This paper investigates long short-term memory (LSTM)-based recurrent neural network (RNN), which is trained using the extracted MFCC features. The proposed neural network is trained and tested using acoustic speech commands. Moreover, we also train and test the proposed model using a throat mic. speech commands as well. Lastly, the transfer learning technique is employed to increase the test accuracy for throat speech recognition. The weights of the model train with the acoustic signal are used to initialize the model used for throat speech recognition. Overall, we have found significant classification accuracy for both acoustic and throat command speech. We obtain LSTM is much better than the GMM-HMM model, convolutional neural networks such as CNN-tpool2 and residual networks such as res15 and res26 with an accuracy score of over 97% on Google’s Speech Commands dataset and we achieve 95.35% accuracy on our throat speech data set using the transfer learning technique.
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Camarena-Martinez, David, Martin Valtierra-Rodriguez, Arturo Garcia-Perez, Roque Alfredo Osornio-Rios, and Rene de Jesus Romero-Troncoso. "Empirical Mode Decomposition and Neural Networks on FPGA for Fault Diagnosis in Induction Motors." Scientific World Journal 2014 (2014): 1–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2014/908140.
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Nowadays, many industrial applications require online systems that combine several processing techniques in order to offer solutions to complex problems as the case of detection and classification of multiple faults in induction motors. In this work, a novel digital structure to implement the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) for processing nonstationary and nonlinear signals using the full spline-cubic function is presented; besides, it is combined with an adaptive linear network (ADALINE)-based frequency estimator and a feed forward neural network (FFNN)-based classifier to provide an intelligent methodology for the automatic diagnosis during the startup transient of motor faults such as: one and two broken rotor bars, bearing defects, and unbalance. Moreover, the overall methodology implementation into a field-programmable gate array (FPGA) allows an online and real-time operation, thanks to its parallelism and high-performance capabilities as a system-on-a-chip (SoC) solution. The detection and classification results show the effectiveness of the proposed fused techniques; besides, the high precision and minimum resource usage of the developed digital structures make them a suitable and low-cost solution for this and many other industrial applications.
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Zheng, Huiting, Jiabin Yuan, and Long Chen. "Short-Term Load Forecasting Using EMD-LSTM Neural Networks with a Xgboost Algorithm for Feature Importance Evaluation." Energies 10, no. 8 (August 8, 2017): 1168. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en10081168.
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Xu, Da-Chuan, Huai-Shu Hou, Cai-Xia Liu, and Chao-Fei Jiao. "Defect type identification of thin-walled stainless steel seamless pipe based on eddy current testing." Insight - Non-Destructive Testing and Condition Monitoring 63, no. 12 (December 1, 2021): 697–703. http://dx.doi.org/10.1784/insi.2021.63.12.697.
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Aimed at eddy current detection of defects in thin-walled stainless steel seamless pipes, an effective detection method for identifying defect types is proposed. First, the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) method is used to process the collected eddy current signals and obtain the principal intrinsic mode function (IMF) components of different defects. The Hilbert-Huang transform (HHT) is used to extract the frequency-domain features of the principal IMF components, which are combined with the time-domain features to form an effective defect feature vector. Then, principal component analysis (PCA) is used to reduce the dimensions of the defect feature vector and the redundant information is removed to obtain the principal component vector of the defect. Finally, two radial basis function (RBF) neural networks are used to identify and classify the defect types and three error evaluation indicators are selected to evaluate the performance of the classification network models.
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Rofii, Faqih, Agus Naba, Hari Arief Dharmawan, and Fachrudin Hunaini. "Development of empirical mode decomposition based neural network for power quality disturbances classification." EUREKA: Physics and Engineering, no. 2 (March 31, 2022): 28–44. http://dx.doi.org/10.21303/2461-4262.2022.002046.
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The complexity of the electric power network causes a lot of distortion, such as a decrease in power quality (PQ) in the form of voltage variations, harmonics, and frequency fluctuations. Monitoring the distortion source is important to ensure the availability of clean and quality electric power. Therefore, this study aims to classify power quality using a neural network with empirical mode decomposition-based feature extraction. The proposed method consists of 2 main steps, namely feature extraction, and classification. Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) was also applied to categorize the PQ disturbances into several intrinsic mode functions (IMF) components, which were extracted using statistical parameters and the Hilbert transformation. The statistical parameters consist of mean, root mean squared, range, standard deviation, kurtosis, crest factor, energy, and skewness, while the Hilbert transformation consists of instantaneous frequency and amplitude. The feature extraction results from both parameters were combined into a set of PQ disturbances and classified using Multi-Layer Feedforward Neural Networks (MLFNN). Training and testing were carried out on 3 feature datasets, namely statistical parameters, Hilbert transforms, and a combination of both as inputs from 3 different MLFNN architectures. The best results were obtained from the combined feature input on the network architecture with 2 layers of ten neurons, by 98.4 %, 97.75, and 97.4 % for precision, recall, and overall accuracy, respectively. The implemented method is used to classify PQ signals reliably for pure sinusoids, harmonics with sag and swell, as well as flicker with 100 % precision
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Altuve, Miguel, Paula Lizarazo, and Javier Villamizar. "Human activity recognition using improved complete ensemble EMD with adaptive noise and long short-term memory neural networks." Biocybernetics and Biomedical Engineering 40, no. 3 (July 2020): 901–9. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.bbe.2020.04.007.
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Asghar, Muhammad Adeel, Muhammad Jamil Khan, Muhammad Rizwan, Raja Majid Mehmood, and Sun-Hee Kim. "An Innovative Multi-Model Neural Network Approach for Feature Selection in Emotion Recognition Using Deep Feature Clustering." Sensors 20, no. 13 (July 5, 2020): 3765. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s20133765.
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Emotional awareness perception is a largely growing field that allows for more natural interactions between people and machines. Electroencephalography (EEG) has emerged as a convenient way to measure and track a user’s emotional state. The non-linear characteristic of the EEG signal produces a high-dimensional feature vector resulting in high computational cost. In this paper, characteristics of multiple neural networks are combined using Deep Feature Clustering (DFC) to select high-quality attributes as opposed to traditional feature selection methods. The DFC method shortens the training time on the network by omitting unusable attributes. First, Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD) is applied as a series of frequencies to decompose the raw EEG signal. The spatiotemporal component of the decomposed EEG signal is expressed as a two-dimensional spectrogram before the feature extraction process using Analytic Wavelet Transform (AWT). Four pre-trained Deep Neural Networks (DNN) are used to extract deep features. Dimensional reduction and feature selection are achieved utilising the differential entropy-based EEG channel selection and the DFC technique, which calculates a range of vocabularies using k-means clustering. The histogram characteristic is then determined from a series of visual vocabulary items. The classification performance of the SEED, DEAP and MAHNOB datasets combined with the capabilities of DFC show that the proposed method improves the performance of emotion recognition in short processing time and is more competitive than the latest emotion recognition methods.
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Wang, Dongyu, Xiwen Cui, and Dongxiao Niu. "Wind Power Forecasting Based on LSTM Improved by EMD-PCA-RF." Sustainability 14, no. 12 (June 15, 2022): 7307. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su14127307.
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Improving the accuracy of wind power forecasting can guarantee the stable dispatch and safe operation of the grid system. Here, we propose an EMD-PCA-RF-LSTM wind power forecasting model to solve problems in traditional wind power forecasting such as incomplete consideration of influencing factors, inaccurate feature identification, and complex space–time relationships between variables. The proposed model incorporates Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD), Principal Component Analysis (PCA), Random Forest (RF), and Long Short-Term Memory (LSTM) neural networks, And environmental factors are filtered by the Least Absolute Shrinkage and Selection Operator (LASSO) algorithm when pre-processing the data. First, the environmental factors are extended by the EMD algorithm to reduce the non-stationarity of the series. Second, the key influence series are extracted by the PCA algorithm in order to remove noisy information, which can seriously interfere with the data regression analysis. The data are then subjected to further feature extraction by calculating feature importance through the RF algorithm. Finally, the LSTM algorithm is used to perform dynamic time modeling of multivariate feature series for wind power forecasting. The above combined model is beneficial for analyzing the effects of different environmental factors on wind power and for obtaining more accurate prediction results. In a case study, the proposed combined forecasting model was verified using actual measured data from a power station. The results indicate that the proposed model provides the most accurate results when compared to benchmark models: MSE 7.26711 MW, RMSE 2.69576 MW, MAE 1.73981 MW, and adj-R2 0.9699203s.
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Gao, Hongbo, Shuang Qiu, Jun Fang, Nan Ma, Jiye Wang, Kun Cheng, Hui Wang, et al. "Short-Term Prediction of PV Power Based on Combined Modal Decomposition and NARX-LSTM-LightGBM." Sustainability 15, no. 10 (May 18, 2023): 8266. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/su15108266.
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Recently, solar energy has been gaining attention as one of the best promising renewable energy sources. Accurate PV power prediction models can solve the impact on the power system due to the non-linearity and randomness of PV power generation and play a crucial role in the operation and scheduling of power plants. This paper proposes a novel machine learning network framework to predict short-term PV power in a time-series manner. The combination of nonlinear auto-regressive neural networks with exogenous input (NARX), long short term memory (LSTM) neural network, and light gradient boosting machine (LightGBM) prediction model (NARX-LSTM-LightGBM) was constructed based on the combined modal decomposition. Specifically, this paper uses a dataset that includes ambient temperature, irradiance, inverter temperature, module temperature, etc. Firstly, the feature variables with high correlation effects on PV power were selected by Pearson correlation analysis. Furthermore, the PV power is decomposed into a new feature matrix by (EMD), (EEMD) and (CEEMDAN), i.e., the combination decomposition (CD), which deeply explores the intrinsic connection of PV power historical series information and reduces the non-smoothness of PV power. Finally, preliminary PV power prediction values and error correction vector are obtained by NARX prediction. Both are embedded into the NARX-LSTM-LightGBM model pair for PV power prediction, and then the error inverse method is used for weighted optimization to improve the accuracy of the PV power prediction. The experiments were conducted with the measured data from Andre Agassi College, USA, and the root mean square error (RMSE), mean absolute error (MAE), and mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of the model under different weather conditions were lower than 1.665 kw, 0.892 kw and 0.211, respectively, which are better than the prediction results of other models and proved the effectiveness of the model.
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Diez, Pablo F., Vicente A. Mut, Eric Laciar, Abel Torres, and Enrique M. Avila Perona. "FEATURES EXTRACTION METHOD FOR BRAIN-MACHINE COMMUNICATION BASED ON THE EMPIRICAL MODE DECOMPOSITION." Biomedical Engineering: Applications, Basis and Communications 25, no. 06 (December 2013): 1350058. http://dx.doi.org/10.4015/s1016237213500580.
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A brain-machine interface (BMI) is a communication system that translates human brain activity into commands, and then these commands are conveyed to a machine or a computer. It is proposes a technique for features extraction from electroencephalographic (EEG) signals and afterward, their classification on different mental tasks. The empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is a method capable of processing non-stationary and nonlinear signals, as the EEG. The EMD was applied on EEG signals of seven subjects performing five mental tasks. Six features were computed, namely, root mean square (RMS), variance, Shannon entropy, Lempel–Ziv complexity value, and central and maximum frequencies. In order to reduce the dimensionality of the feature vector, the Wilks' lambda (WL) parameter was used for the selection of the most important variables. The classification of mental tasks was performed using linear discriminant analysis (LDA) and neural networks (NN). Using this method, the average classification over all subjects in database is 91 ± 5% and 87 ± 5% using LDA and NN, respectively. Bit rate was ranging from 0.24 bits/trial up to 0.84 bits/trial. The proposed method allows achieving higher performances in the classification of mental tasks than other traditional methods using the same database. This represents an improvement in the brain-machine communication system.
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Jaramillo-Morán, Miguel A., Daniel Fernández-Martínez, Agustín García-García, and Diego Carmona-Fernández. "Improving Artificial Intelligence Forecasting Models Performance with Data Preprocessing: European Union Allowance Prices Case Study." Energies 14, no. 23 (November 23, 2021): 7845. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en14237845.
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European Union Allowances (EUAs) are rights to emit CO2 that may be sold or bought by enterprises. They were originally created to try to reduce greenhouse gas emissions, although they have become assets that may be used by financial intermediaries to seek for new business opportunities. Therefore, forecasting the time evolution of their price is very important for agents involved in their selling or buying. Neural Networks, an artificial intelligence paradigm, have been proved to be accurate and reliable tools for time series forecasting, and have been widely used to predict economic and energetic variables; two of them are used in this work, the Multilayer Preceptron (MLP) and the Long Short-Term Memories (LSTM), along with another artificial intelligence algorithm (XGBoost). They are combined with two preprocessing tools, decomposition of the time series into its trend and fluctuation and decomposition into Intrinsic Mode Functions (IMF) by the Empirical Mode Decomposition (EMD). The price prediction is obtained by adding those from each subseries. These two tools are combined with the three forecasting tools to provide 20 future predictions of EUA prices. The best results are provided by MLP-EMD, which is able to achieve a Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) of 2.91% for the first predicted datum and 5.65% for the twentieth, with a mean value of 4.44%.
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Zeng, Wei, Mengqing Li, Chengzhi Yuan, Qinghui Wang, Fenglin Liu, and Ying Wang. "Classification of focal and non focal EEG signals using empirical mode decomposition (EMD), phase space reconstruction (PSR) and neural networks." Artificial Intelligence Review 52, no. 1 (April 3, 2019): 625–47. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s10462-019-09698-4.
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Mohsenimanesh, Ahmad, Evgueniy Entchev, and Filip Bosnjak. "Hybrid Model Based on an SD Selection, CEEMDAN, and Deep Learning for Short-Term Load Forecasting of an Electric Vehicle Fleet." Applied Sciences 12, no. 18 (September 16, 2022): 9288. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/app12189288.
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Forecasting the aggregate charging load of a fleet of electric vehicles (EVs) plays an important role in the energy management of the future power system. Therefore, accurate charging load forecasting is necessary for reliable and efficient power system operation. A hybrid method that is a combination of the similar day (SD) selection, complete ensemble empirical mode decomposition with adaptive noise (CEEMDAN), and deep neural networks is proposed and explored in this paper. For the SD selection, an extreme gradient boosting (XGB)-based weighted k-means method is chosen and applied to evaluate the similarity between the prediction and historical days. The CEEMDAN algorithm, which is an advanced method of empirical mode decomposition (EMD), is used to decompose original data, to acquire intrinsic mode functions (IMFs) and residuals, and to improve the noise reduction effect. Three popular deep neural networks that have been utilized for load predictions are gated recurrent units (GRUs), long short-term memory (LSTM), and bidirectional long short-term memory (BiLSTM). The developed models were assessed on a real-life charging load dataset that was collected from 1000 EVs in nine provinces in Canada from 2017 to 2019. The obtained numerical results of six predictive combination models show that the proposed hybrid SD-CEEMDAN-BiLSTM model outperformed the single and other hybrid models with the smallest forecasting mean absolute percentage error (MAPE) of 2.63% Canada-wide.
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Dang, Sanlei, Long Peng, Jingming Zhao, Jiajie Li, and Zhengmin Kong. "A Quantile Regression Random Forest-Based Short-Term Load Probabilistic Forecasting Method." Energies 15, no. 2 (January 17, 2022): 663. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/en15020663.
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In this paper, a novel short-term load forecasting method amalgamated with quantile regression random forest is proposed. Comprised with point forecasting, it is capable of quantifying the uncertainty of power load. Firstly, a bespoke 2D data preprocessing taking advantage of empirical mode decomposition (EMD) is presented. It can effectively assist subsequent point forecasting models to extract spatial features hidden in the 2D load matrix. Secondly, by exploiting multimodal deep neural networks (DNN), three short-term load point forecasting models are conceived. Furthermore, a tailor-made multimodal spatial–temporal feature extraction is proposed, which integrates spatial features, time information, load, and electricity price to obtain more covert features. Thirdly, relying on quantile regression random forest, the probabilistic forecasting method is proposed, which exploits the results from the above three short-term load point forecasting models. Lastly, the experimental results demonstrate that the proposed method outperforms its conventional counterparts.
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Zhang, Yixiang, Zenggui Gao, Jiachen Sun, and Lilan Liu. "Machine-Learning Algorithms for Process Condition Data-Based Inclusion Prediction in Continuous-Casting Process: A Case Study." Sensors 23, no. 15 (July 27, 2023): 6719. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/s23156719.
Full textAbstract:
Quality-related prediction in the continuous-casting process is important for the quality and process control of casting slabs. As intelligent manufacturing technologies continue to evolve, numerous data-driven techniques have been available for industrial applications. This case study was aimed at developing a machine-learning algorithm, capable of predicting slag inclusion defects in continuous-casting slabs, based on process condition sensor data. A large dataset consisting of sensor data from nearly 7300 casting samples has been analyzed, with the empirical mode decomposition (EMD) algorithm utilized to process the multi-modal time series. The following machine-learning algorithms have been examined: K-Nearest neighbors, support vector classifier (linear and nonlinear kernels), decision trees, random forests, AdaBoost, and Artificial Neural Networks. Four over-sampling or under-sampling algorithms have been adopted to solve imbalanced data distribution. In the experiment, the optimized random forest outperformed other machine-learning algorithms in terms of recall and ROC AUC, which could provide valuable insights for quality control.