Relevant bibliographies by topics / Embryonic stem cells Differentiation

Academic literature on the topic 'Embryonic stem cells Differentiation'

Author: Grafiati
Published: 10 December 2022
Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Embryonic stem cells Differentiation"

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Challa, Stalin Reddy, and Swathi Goli. "Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Engrafting Myogenic Precursor Cells." Stem cell Research and Therapeutics International 1, no. 1 (April 16, 2019): 01–05. http://dx.doi.org/10.31579/2643-1912/002.

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Degenerative muscle diseases affect muscle tissue integrity and function. Human embryonic stem cells (hESC) are an attractive source of cells to use in regenerative therapies due to their unlimited capacity to divide and ability to specialize into a wide variety of cell types. A practical way to derive therapeutic myogenic stem cells from hESC is lacking. In this study, we demonstrate the development of two serum-free conditions to direct the differentiation of hESC towards a myogenic precursor state. Using TGFß and PI3Kinase inhibitors in combination with bFGF we showed that one week of differentiation is sufficient for hESC to specialize into PAX3+/PAX7+ myogenic precursor cells. These cells also possess the capacity to further differentiate in vitro into more specialized myogenic cells that express MYOD, Myogenin, Desmin and MYHC, and showed engraftment in vivo upon transplantation in immunodeficient mice. Ex vivo myomechanical studies of dystrophic mouse hindlimb muscle showed functional improvement one month post-transplantation. In summary, this study describes a promising system to derive engrafting muscle precursor cells solely using chemical substances in serum-free conditions and without genetic manipulation.
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Okabe, Shigeo. "Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells." Current Protocols in Neuroscience 00, no. 1 (September 1997): 3.6.1–3.6.13. http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/0471142301.ns0306s00.

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Pera, M. F., B. Reubinoff, and A. Trounson. "Human embryonic stem cells." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.1.5.

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are cells derived from the early embryo that can be propagated indefinitely in the primitive undifferentiated state while remaining pluripotent; they share these properties with embryonic germ (EG) cells. Candidate ES and EG cell lines from the human blastocyst and embryonic gonad can differentiate into multiple types of somatic cell. The phenotype of the blastocyst-derived cell lines is very similar to that of monkey ES cells and pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma cells, but differs from that of mouse ES cells or the human germ-cell-derived stem cells. Although our understanding of the control of growth and differentiation of human ES cells is quite limited, it is clear that the development of these cell lines will have a widespread impact on biomedical research.
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Dani, C., A. G. Smith, S. Dessolin, P. Leroy, L. Staccini, P. Villageois, C. Darimont, and G. Ailhaud. "Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes in vitro." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 11 (June 1, 1997): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.11.1279.

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Embryonic stem cells, derived from the inner cell mass of murine blastocysts, can be maintained in a totipotent state in vitro. In appropriate conditions embryonic stem cells have been shown to differentiate in vitro into various derivatives of all three primary germ layers. We describe in this paper conditions to induce differentiation of embryonic stem cells reliably and at high efficiency into adipocytes. A prerequisite is to treat early developing embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies with retinoic acid for a precise period of time. Retinoic acid could not be substituted by adipogenic hormones nor by potent activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Treatment with retinoic acid resulted in the subsequent appearance of large clusters of mature adipocytes in embryoid body outgrowths. Lipogenic and lipolytic activities as well as high level expression of adipocyte specific genes could be detected in these cultures. Analysis of expression of potential adipogenic genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma and delta and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta, during differentiation of retinoic acid-treated embryoid bodies has been performed. The temporal pattern of expression of genes encoding these nuclear factors resembled that found during mouse embryogenesis. The differentiation of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes will provide an invaluable model for the characterisation of the role of genes expressed during the adipocyte development programme and for the identification of new adipogenic regulatory genes.
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ORLOVSKAYA, I., I. SCHRAUFSTATTER, J. LORING, and S. KHALDOYANIDI. "Hematopoietic differentiation of embryonic stem cells." Methods 45, no. 2 (June 2008): 159–67. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ymeth.2008.03.002.

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Bradley, A. "Embryonic stem cells: Proliferation and differentiation." Current Opinion in Cell Biology 2, no. 6 (December 1990): 1013–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0955-0674(90)90150-d.

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van Inzen, Wouter G., Maikel P. Peppelenbosch, Maria W. M. van den Brand, Leon G. J. Tertoolen, and Siegfried W. de Laat. "Neuronal differentiation of embryonic stem cells." Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) - Molecular Cell Research 1312, no. 1 (June 1996): 21–26. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/0167-4889(96)00011-0.

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Shinde, Vaibhav, Sonja Brungs, Margit Henry, Lucia Wegener, Harshal Nemade, Tamara Rotshteyn, Aviseka Acharya, et al. "Simulated Microgravity Modulates Differentiation Processes of Embryonic Stem Cells." Cellular Physiology and Biochemistry 38, no. 4 (2016): 1483–99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1159/000443090.

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Background/Aims: Embryonic developmental studies under microgravity conditions in space are very limited. To study the effects of altered gravity on the embryonic development processes we established an in vitro methodology allowing differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells (mESCs) under simulated microgravity within a fast-rotating clinostat (clinorotation) and capture of microarray-based gene signatures. Methods: The differentiating mESCs were cultured in a 2D pipette clinostat. The microarray and bioinformatics tools were used to capture genes that are deregulated by simulated microgravity and their impact on developmental biological processes. Results: The data analysis demonstrated that differentiation of mESCs in pipettes for 3 days resultet to early germ layer differentiation and then to the different somatic cell types after further 7 days of differentiation in the Petri dishes. Clinorotation influences differentiation as well as non-differentiation related biological processes like cytoskeleton related 19 genes were modulated. Notably, simulated microgravity deregulated genes Cyr61, Thbs1, Parva, Dhrs3, Jun, Tpm1, Fzd2 and Dll1 are involved in heart morphogenesis as an acute response on day 3. If the stem cells were further cultivated under normal gravity conditions (1 g) after clinorotation, the expression of cardiomyocytes specific genes such as Tnnt2, Rbp4, Tnni1, Csrp3, Nppb and Mybpc3 on day 10 was inhibited. This correlated well with a decreasing beating activity of the 10-days old embryoid bodies (EBs). Finally, we captured Gadd45g, Jun, Thbs1, Cyr61and Dll1 genes whose expressions were modulated by simulated microgravity and by real microgravity in various reported studies. Simulated microgravity also deregulated genes belonging to the MAP kinase and focal dhesion signal transduction pathways. Conclusion: One of the most prominent biological processes affected by simulated microgravity was the process of cardiomyogenesis. The most significant simulated microgravity-affected genes, signal transduction pathways, and biological processes which are relevant for mESCs differentiation have been identified and discussed below.
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Kowalski, Michael P., Amy Yoder, Li Liu, and Laura Pajak. "Controlling Embryonic Stem Cell Growth and Differentiation by Automation." Journal of Biomolecular Screening 17, no. 9 (August 15, 2012): 1171–79. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/1087057112452783.

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Despite significant use in basic research, embryonic stem cells have just begun to be used in the drug discovery process. Barriers to the adoption of embryonic stem cells in drug discovery include the difficulty in growing cells and inconsistent differentiation to the desired cellular phenotype. Embryonic stem cell cultures require consistent and frequent handling to maintain the cells in a pluripotent state. In addition, the preferred hanging drop method of embryoid body (EB) differentiation is not amenable to high-throughput methods, and suspension cultures of EBs show a high degree of variability. Murine embryonic stem cells passaged on an automated platform maintained ≥90% viability and pluripotency. We also developed a method of EB formation using 384-well microplates that form a single EB per well, with excellent uniformity across EBs. This format facilitated high-throughput differentiation and enabled screens to optimize directed differentiation into a desired cell type. Using this approach, we identified conditions that enhanced cardiomyocyte differentiation sevenfold. This optimized differentiation method showed excellent consistency for such a complex biological process. This automated approach to embryonic stem cell handling and differentiation can provide the high and consistent yields of differentiated cell types required for basic research, compound screens, and toxicity studies.
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Li, Xiuju, Pratap Karki, Lei Lei, Huayan Wang, and Larry Fliegel. "Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 facilitates cardiomyocyte embryonic stem cell differentiation." American Journal of Physiology-Heart and Circulatory Physiology 296, no. 1 (January 2009): H159—H170. http://dx.doi.org/10.1152/ajpheart.00375.2008.

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Embryonic stem cells provide one potential source of cardiomyocytes for cardiac transplantation; however, after differentiation of stem cells in vitro, cardiomyocytes usually account for only a minority of cells present. To gain insights into improving cardiomyocyte development from stem cells, we examined the role of the Na+/H+ exchanger isoform 1 (NHE1) in cardiomyocyte differentiation. NHE1 protein and message levels were induced by treatment of CGR8 cells to form embryoid bodies and cardiomyocytes. The NHE1 protein was present on the cell surface and NHE1 inhibitor-sensitive activity was detected. Inhibition of NHE1 activity during differentiation of CGR8 cells prevented cardiomyocyte differentiation as indicated by decreased message for transcription factors Nkx2-5 and Tbx5 and decreased levels of α-myosin heavy chain protein. Increased expression of NHE1 from an adenoviral vector facilitated cardiomyocyte differentiation. Similar results were found with cardiomyocyte differentiation of P19 embryonal carcinoma cells. CGR8 cells were treated to induce differentiation, but when differentiation was inhibited by dispersing the EBs, myocardial development was inhibited. The results demonstrate that NHE1 activity is important in facilitating stem cell differentiation to cardiomyocyte lineage. Elevated NHE1 expression appears to be triggered as part of the process that facilitates cardiomyocyte development.
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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Embryonic stem cells Differentiation"

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Joannides, Alexis. "Neural differentiation of human embryonic stem cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2009. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/252121.

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Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) are a potential source of defined cell types for studying early human development and application in regenerative medicine. Realising this potential requires a number of challenges to be overcome. The experimental findings reported represent a systematic approach in establishing controlled and standardised conditions for differentiating hESCs down the neural lineage, and characterising neural derivatives both in vitro and in vivo. Human embryonic stem cell cultures were established from two independently-derived liens, H9 and UES9. A novel, efficient method for propagating hESCs is described, avoiding the use of enzymatic products which may lead to karyotypic instability. Controlled neuroectodermal differentiation is demonstrated using a chemically defined system over a period of 16 days, and this process is shown to be dependent on endogenous fibroblast growth factor (FGF) signalling. Neural progenitors generated with this system are subsequently expanded for over 180 days and shown to retain neural stem cell (NSC) identity at the clonal level. Evidence is provided that hESC-derived NSCs follow a developmentally predictable timecourse of neurogenesis followed by gliogenesis, and their in vitro and in vivo behaviour is characterised with respect to temporal maturation and phenotypic potential.
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Gordon-Keylock, Sabrina Anne Megan. "Haematopoietic differentiation of murine embryonic stem cells." Thesis, University of Edinburgh, 2009. http://hdl.handle.net/1842/29123.

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This thesis aimed to determine which subregions of the E10.5 aorta-gonad-mesonephros (AGM) were responsible for the haematopoietic enhancing effects that primary AGM regions had on differentiating ES cells. To this end, a novel co-culture system has been established to test the enhancing effects of a panel of clonal stromal cell lines derived from different subregions of the midgestational AGM. Three stromal cell lines derived from the dorsal aorta and surrounding mesenchyme (AM) subregion of the AGM were able to significantly enhance the frequency of ES cell derived multipotent haematopoietic progenitors. Two stromal cell lines derived from the urogenital ridges (UG) of the AGM did not enhance haematopoietic differentiation of ES cells. The haematopoietic enhancing effects were not retained by extracellular matrices isolated from the AM stromal cell layers and the effects were dependent on direct ES cell-stromal cell contact. Co-culture of an ES cell line carrying a Brachyury-eGFP reporter gene demonstrated that the stromal lines mediated their effects post-Brachyury (mesoderm) induction in the ES cells. In addition, co-culture of sorted ES cell populations confirmed that Brachyury+, but not Brachyury-, cells gave rise to haematopoietic progenitors in AM co-culture, supporting the notion that ES cell differentiation recapitulated the in vivo pattern of lineage specification. Transplantation of co-cultured ES cells into irradiated adult NOD/SCID mouse recipients led to low levels of engraftment in the spleen and bone marrow. Adult bone marrow cells achieved repopulation more readily in the NOD/SCID animal model when transplanted intra-splenically, compared to intravenous injection. This suggests that transplantation of ES-derived haematopoietic cells directly into the haematopoietic niche, by intra-splenic or intra-femoral injection, could facilitate repopulation.
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Lake, Julie-anne. "Differentiation of pluripotential murine embryonic stem cells." Adelaide Thesis (Ph.D.) -- University of Adelaide, Department of Biochemistry, 1996. http://hdl.handle.net/2440/18794.

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Bigdeli, Narmin. "Derivation, characterization and differentiation of feeder-free human embryonic stem cells /." Göteborg : Department of Clinical Chemistry and Transfusion Medicine, Institute of Biomedicine at Sahlgrenska Academy, University of Gothenburg, 2010. http://hdl.handle.net/2077/22353.

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Lu, Xibin, and 盧希彬. "Quantitative characterization of mouse embryonic stem cell state transition." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10722/208049.

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Cho, Sarah K. "Lymphohematopoietic differentiation from embryonic stem cells in vitro." Thesis, National Library of Canada = Bibliothèque nationale du Canada, 2001. http://www.collectionscanada.ca/obj/s4/f2/dsk3/ftp05/NQ63681.pdf.

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Hollands, Peter. "Differentiation and grafting of embryonic haemopoietic stem cells." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1987. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.330219.

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Shah, Nadia Nisa. "Human embryonic stem cells : prospects for pancreatic β-cell differentiation." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2008. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.495052.

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The focus of this thesis was to explore different strategies in trying to generate putative pancreatic β-cells using one of the initial Wisconsin H7 hES cell lines. Prior to this, human pancreas development was assessed during the first trimester of pregnancy in an attempt to determine the spatial and temporal expression of development and mature pancreatic β-cell markers during this period. Spontaneous differentiation of hES cells can be induced by the formation of embryoid bodies (EBs) in suspension culture. EBs began to express markers of pancreatic β-cell development and function at a molecular, protein and functional level upon differentiation over a 3-week period. The constitutive over-expression of the terminal β-cell marker PAX4 enhances this process, whereas karyotypic abnormalities induced in hES cells over prolonged culture can hinder differentiation potential towards pancreatic β-cells. Directed differentiation strategies which mimic mouse pancreas development have led to the elucidation of an in vitro protocol to generate putative definitive endoderm from hES cells through the application of Wnt3a and Activin A in the presence of low serum. Indirect co-culture of this H7 hES cell-derived putative definitive endoderm with mouse islets did not lead to the differentiation of fully functional pancreatic β-cells. The hES cell-derived putative definitive endoderm did however influence the aging mouse islets in a positive manner by allowing the maintenance of insulin secretagogue-induced functional responses which are usually lost in culture. This may prove useful in maintaining viability of human islets during culture to be used for transportation therapies.
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Blyszczuk, Przemyslaw. "Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into pancreatic insulin-producing cells." [S.l. : s.n.], 2004. http://deposit.ddb.de/cgi-bin/dokserv?idn=97560032X.

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Kim, Peter Tae Wan. "Directed differentiation of endodermal cells from mouse embryonic stem cells." Thesis, University of British Columbia, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/2429/771.

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Pluripotent embryonic stem cells hold a great promise as an unlimited source of tissue for treatment of chronic diseases such as Type 1 diabetes and chronic liver disease. Various attempts have been made to produce cells that can serve as precursors for pancreas and liver. By using all-trans-retinoic acid, basic fibroblast growth factor, dibutyryl cAMP, and cyclopamine, an attempt has been made to produce definitive endoderm and subsequently cells that can serve as pancreatic and hepatocyte precursors from mouse embryonic stem cells. By using retinoic acid and basic-FGF, in the absence of embryoid body formation, mouse embryonic stem cells were differentiated at different culture periods. Four protocols of varying lengths of culture and reagents and their cells were analyzed by quantitative PCR, immunohistochemistry and static insulin release assay for markers of trilaminar embryo, pancreas and hepatocytes. Inclusion of DBcAMP and extension of culture time resulted in cells that display features of definitive endoderm by expression of Sox 17 and FOXA2 and minimal expression of primitive endoderm and other germ cell layers such as ectoderm and mesoderm. These cells produced insulin and C-peptide and secreted insulin in a glucose responsive manner. However, they seem to lack mature insulin secretion mechanism. There was a production of hepatocyte markers (AFP-2 and transthyretin) but there was insufficient data to assess for convincing production of hepatocytes. In summary, one of the protocols produced cells that displayed characteristics of definitive endoderm and they may serve as pancreatic endocrine precursors.
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Books on the topic "Embryonic stem cells Differentiation"

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W, Masters J. R., Palsson Bernhard, and Thomson James A. Dr, eds. Embryonic stem cells. Dordrecht: Springer, 2007.

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M, Wassarman Paul, and Keller Gordon M. 1952-, eds. Differentiation of embryonic stem cells. Amsterdam: Elsevier Academic Press, 2003.

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Marcha, Juan Antonio. Therapeutic potential of differentiation in cancer and normal stem cells. New York: Nova Biomedical Books, 2009.

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Antonio, Marcha Juan, ed. Therapeutic potential of differentiation in cancer and normal stem cells. New York: Nova Biomedical Books, 2009.

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Sha, Jin, and SpringerLink (Online service), eds. Human Embryonic and Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells: Lineage-Specific Differentiation Protocols. Totowa, NJ: Springer Science+Business Media, LLC, 2012.

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Pak, Hyŏn-suk. Inʼgan chŏnbunhwanŭng chulgi sepʻoju ŭi anjŏngjŏk taeryang paeyang chokŏn kaebal mit tʻŭksŏng punsŏk kwa punhwa yudo kisul kaebal =: Stable and mass-culture of human embryonic stem, characterization and development of differentiation strategy. [Seoul]: Kyoyuk Kwahak Kisulbu, 2008.

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Pak, Hyŏn-suk. Inʼgan chŏnbunhwanŭng chulgi sepʻoju ŭi anjŏngjŏk taeryang paeyang chokŏn kaebal mit tʻŭksŏng punsŏk kwa punhwa yudo kisul kaebal =: Stable and mass-culture of human embryonic stem, characterization and development of differentiation strategy. [Seoul]: Kyoyuk Kwahak Kisulbu, 2008.

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Turksen, Kursad. Embryonic Stem Cells. New Jersey: Humana Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1592592414.

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1951-, Anderson Scott, ed. Human embryonic stem cells. 2nd ed. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2007.

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S, Odorico Jon, Zhang S. -C, and Pedersen Roger A, eds. Human embryonic stem cells. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Garland Science/BIOS Scientific Publishers, 2006.

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Book chapters on the topic "Embryonic stem cells Differentiation"

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Lumelsky, Nadya. "Pancreatic Differentiation of Pluripotent Stem Cells." In Human Embryonic Stem Cells, 161–79. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-423-8_9.

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Domínguez-Bendala, Juan. "Embryonic Stem Cells and Pancreatic Differentiation." In Pancreatic Stem Cells, 63–80. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-60761-132-5_5.

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Yu, Yanhong, Carlos Pilquil, and Michal Opas. "Osteogenic Differentiation from Embryonic Stem Cells." In Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols, 425–35. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2014_126.

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Zhang, Su-Chun. "Differentiation of Neuroepithelia from Human Embryonic Stem Cells." In Human Embryonic Stem Cells, 145–59. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-423-8_8.

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Gerecht-Nir, Sharon, and Joseph Itskovitz-Eldor. "Vascular Lineage Differentiation from Human Embryonic Stem Cells." In Human Embryonic Stem Cells, 201–17. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59259-423-8_11.

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Dottori, Mirella, and Martin F. Pera. "Neural Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells." In Neural Stem Cells, 19–30. Totowa, NJ: Humana Press, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-59745-133-8_3.

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Sakano, Daisuke, Nobuaki Shiraki, and Shoen Kume. "Pancreatic Differentiation from Murine Embryonic Stem Cells." In Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols, 417–23. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/7651_2015_217.

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Puri, Deepika, Shalmali Bivalkar-Mehla, and Deepa Subramanyam. "Autophagy in Embryonic Stem Cells and Neural Stem Cells." In Autophagy in Stem Cell Maintenance and Differentiation, 59–83. Cham: Springer International Publishing, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-17362-2_3.

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Lin, Yenshou. "Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Glutamatergic Neurons (Methods)." In Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 6, 47–55. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2993-3_5.

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Haque, Amranul, and Toshihiro Akaike. "Differentiation of Embryonic Stem Cells into Endoderm-Derived Hepatocytes." In Stem Cells and Cancer Stem Cells, Volume 6, 57–69. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-2993-3_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Embryonic stem cells Differentiation"

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Sargent, Carolyn Y., Luke A. Hiatt, Sandhya Anantharaman, Eric Berson, and Todd C. McDevitt. "Cardiogenesis of Embryonic Stem Cells is Modulated by Hydrodynamic Mixing Conditions." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193129.

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Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to differentiate into all somatic cell types and are uniquely capable of differentiating into functional cardiomyocytes; however, to effectively use ESCs for cell-based therapies to regenerate viable myocardial tissue, an improved understanding of mechanisms regulating differentiation is necessary. Currently, application of exogenous factors is commonly attempted to direct stem cell differentiation; however, progression towards controlling multiple environmental factors, including biochemical and mechanical stimuli, may result in increased differentiation efficiency for clinical applications. Additionally, current methods of ESC differentiation to cardiomyocytes are labor-intensive and produce relatively few cardiomyocytes based on initial ESC densities. Rotary suspension culture to produce embryoid bodies (EBs) has been shown to yield greater numbers of differentiating ESCs than static suspension cultures [1]. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine how the hydrodynamic mixing conditions imposed by rotary orbital culture modulate cardiomyocyte differentiation.
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Shu, K., H. Thatte, and M. Spector. "Chondrogenic differentiation of adult mesenchymal stem cells and embryonic stem cells." In 2009 IEEE 35th Annual Northeast Bioengineering Conference. IEEE, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nebc.2009.4967739.

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Li, Lulu, Rene Schloss, Noshir Langrana, and Martin Yarmush. "Effects of Encapsulation Microenvironment on Embryonic Stem Cell Differentiation." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-192587.

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Pluripotent embryonic stem cells represent a promising renewable cell source to generate a variety of differentiated cell types. Although many investigators have described techniques to effectively differentiate stem cells into different mature cell lineages, their practicality is limited by the absence of large scale processing consideration and low yields of differentiated cells. Previously we have established a murine embryonic stem cell alginate-poly-l-lysine microencapsulation differentiation system. The three-dimensional alginate microenvironment maintains cell viability, is conducive to ES cell differentiation to hepatocyte lineage cells, and maintains differentiated cellular function. In the present work, we demonstrate that hepatocyte differentiation is mediated by cell-cell aggregation in the encapsulation microenvironment. Both cell aggregation and hepatocyte functions, such as urea and albumin secretion, as well as increased expression of cytokaratin 18 and cyp4507a, occur concomitantly with surface E-cadherin expression. Furthermore, by incorporating soluble inducers, such as retinoic acid, into the permeable microcapsule system, we demonstrate decreased cell aggregation and enhanced neuronal lineage differentiation with the expression of various neuronal specific markers, including neurofilament, A2B5, O1 and GFAP. Therefore, as a result of capsule parameter and microenvironment manipulation, we are capable of targeting cellular differentiation to both endodermal and ectodermal cell lineages.
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Wan, Chen-rei, Seok Chung, Ryo Sudo, and Roger D. Kamm. "Induction of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in a Confined Microfluidic Environment." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-203995.

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Embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes are deemed an attractive treatment option for myocardial infarction. Their clinical efficacy, however, has not been unequivocally demonstrated. There is a need for better understanding and characterization of the cardiogenesis process. A microfluidic platform in vitro is used to dissect and better understand the differentiation process. Through this study, we find that while embryoid bodies (EBs) flatten out in a well plate system, differentiated EBs self-assemble into complex 3D structures. The beating regions of EBs are also different. Most beating areas are observed in a ring pattern on 2D well plates around the center, self-assembled beating large 3D aggregates are found in microfluidic devices. Furthermore, inspired by the natural mechanical environment of the heart, we applied uniaxial cyclic mechanical stretch to EBs. Results suggest that prolonged mechanical stimulation acts as a negative regulator of cardiogenesis. From this study, we conclude that the culture environments can influence differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiomycytes, and that the use of microfluidic systems can provide new insights into the differentiation process.
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Joshi, Ramila, and Hossein Tavana. "Microengineered embryonic stem cells niche to induce neural differentiation." In 2015 37th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC). IEEE, 2015. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/embc.2015.7319161.

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Varanou, Katerina, Carol E. Jones, and Clive P. Page. "Differentiation Of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Towards Functional Bronchial Epithelial Cells." In American Thoracic Society 2011 International Conference, May 13-18, 2011 • Denver Colorado. American Thoracic Society, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2011.183.1_meetingabstracts.a1234.

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Chen, Weiqiang, Luis G. Villa-Diaz, Yubing Sun, Shinuo Weng, Jin Koo Kim, Paul H. Krebsbach, and Jianping Fu. "Nanotopography Directs Fate of Human Embryonic Stem Cells." In ASME 2012 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2012-80222.

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Human embryonic stem cells (hESCs) have remarkable potentials for breakthroughs in future cell-based therapeutics owing to their self-renewal capability and pluripotency [1–2]. However, their intrinsic mechanosensitivity to biophysical signals from the local cellular microenvironment is not well characterized [3–4]. In this work, we introduced a simple, yet precise, microfabrication strategy for accurate control and patterning of local nanoroughness on glass surfaces using photolithography and reactive ion etching (RIE). Our results demonstrated that nanoscale topological features could provide a potent regulatory signal over a diverse array of hESC behaviors, including their morphology, adhesion, proliferation and clonal expansion, and differentiation.
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Billing, Anja M., Shaima S. Dib, Hisham Ben Hamidane, Neha Goswami, Rasha Al-mismar, Richard Cotton, Pankaj Kumar, et al. "Comprehensive Characterization Of The Differentiation Of Human Embryonic Stem Cells Into Mesenchymal Stem Cells." In Qatar Foundation Annual Research Conference Proceedings. Hamad bin Khalifa University Press (HBKU Press), 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.5339/qfarc.2014.hbpp0979.

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Zuser, E., J. Newmark, T. Chernenko, M. Diem, P. M. Champion, and L. D. Ziegler. "Non-invasive Imaging of Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiation via Formation of Embryoid Bodies." In XXII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3482805.

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Thobakgale, Setumo Lebogang, Sello Manoto, Satuurnin Ombinda Lemboumba, Malik Maaza, and Patience Mthunzi-Kufa. "Femtosecond laser assisted photo-transfection and differentiation of mouse embryonic stem cells." In Optical Interactions with Tissue and Cells XXIX, edited by E. Duco Jansen and Hope T. Beier. SPIE, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.1117/12.2290206.

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Reports on the topic "Embryonic stem cells Differentiation"

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Zuckerman, Kenneth S. Reparative Medicine: Production of Erythrocytes & Platelets from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566171.

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Setaluri, Vijayasaradhi. Differentiation of Neonatal Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Prostate Epithelial Cells: A Model to Study Prostate Cancer Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada609443.

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Setaluri, Vijayasaradhi. Differentiation of Neonatal Human-Induced Pluripotent Stem Cells to Prostate Epithelial Cells: A Model to Study Prostate Cancer Development. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada583418.

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Wahl, Geoffrey M. A Novel Strategy for Isolation, Molecular and Functional Characterization of Embryonic Mammary Stem Cells Using Molecular Genetics and Microfluidic Sorting. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada488861.

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Shani, Moshe, and C. P. Emerson. Genetic Manipulation of the Adipose Tissue via Transgenesis. United States Department of Agriculture, April 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/1995.7604929.bard.

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The long term goal of this study was to reduce caloric and fat content of beef and other red meats by means of genetic modification of the animal such that fat would not be accumulated. This was attempted by introducing into the germ line myogenic regulatory genes that would convert fat tissue to skeletal muscle. We first determined the consequences of ectopic expression of the myogenic regulatory gene MyoD1. It was found that deregulation of MyoD1 did not result in ectopic skeletal muscle formation but rather led to embryonic lethalities, probably due to its role in the control of the cell cycle. This indicated that MyoD1 should be placed under stringent control to allow survival. Embryonic lethalities were also observed when the regulatory elements of the adipose-specific gene adipsin directed the expression of MyoD1 or myogenin cDNAs, suggesting that these sequences are probably not strong enough to confer tissue specificity. To determine the specificity of the control elements of another fat specific gene (adipocyte protein 2-aP2), we fused them to the bacterial b-galactosidase reporter gene and established stable transgenic strains. The expression of the reporter gene in none of the strains was adipose specific. Each strain displayed a unique pattern of expression in various cell lineages. Most exciting results were obtained in a transgenic strain in which cells migrating from the ventro-lateral edge of the dermomyotome of developing somites to populate the limb buds with myoblasts were specifically stained for lacZ. Since the control sequences of the adipsin or aP2 genes did not confer fat specificity in transgenic mice we have taken both molecular and genetic approaches as an initial effort to identify genes important in the conversion of a multipotential cell such as C3H10T1/2 cell to adipoblast. Several novel adipocyte cell lines have been established that differ in the expression of transcription factors of the C/EBP family known to be markers for adipocyte differentiation. These studies revealed that one of the genetic programming changes which occur during 10T1/2 conversion from multipotential cell to a committed adipoblast is the ability to linduce C/EBPa gene expression. It is expected that further analysis of this gene would identify elements which regulate this lineage-specific expression. Such elements might be good candidates in future attempts to convert adipoblasts to skeletal muscle cells in vivo.
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Halevy, Orna, Sandra Velleman, and Shlomo Yahav. Early post-hatch thermal stress effects on broiler muscle development and performance. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2013.7597933.bard.

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In broilers, the immediate post-hatch handling period exposes chicks to cold or hot thermal stress, with potentially harmful consequences to product quantity and quality that could threaten poultry meat marketability as a healthy, low-fat food. This lower performance includes adverse effects on muscle growth and damage to muscle structure (e.g., less protein and more fat deposition). A leading candidate for mediating the effects of thermal stress on muscle growth and development is a unique group of skeletal muscle cells known as adult myoblasts (satellite cells). Satellite cells are multipotential stem cells that can be stimulated to follow other developmental pathways, especially adipogenesis in lieu of muscle formation. They are most active during the first week of age in broilers and have been shown to be sensitive to environmental conditions and nutritional status. The hypothesis of the present study was that immediate post-hatch thermal stress would harm broiler growth and performance. In particular, growth characteristics and gene expression of muscle progenitor cells (i.e., satellite cells) will be affected, leading to increased fat deposition, resulting in long-term changes in muscle structure and a reduction in meat yield. The in vitro studies on cultured satellite cells derived from different muscle, have demonstrated that, anaerobic pectoralis major satellite cells are more predisposed to adipogenic conversion and more sensitive during myogenic proliferation and differentiation than aerobic biceps femoris cells when challenged to both hot and cold thermal stress. These results corroborated the in vivo studies, establishing that chronic heat exposure of broiler chicks at their first two week of life leads to impaired myogenicity of the satellite cells, and increased fat deposition in the muscle. Moreover, chronic exposure of chicks to inaccurate temperature, in particular to heat vs. cold, during their early posthatch periods has long-term effects of BW, absolute muscle growth and muscle morphology and meat quality. The latter is manifested by higher lipid and collagen deposition and may lead to the white striping occurrence. The results of this study emphasize the high sensitivity of muscle progenitor cells in the early posthatch period at a time when they are highly active and therefore the importance of rearing broiler chicks under accurate ambient temperatures. From an agricultural point of view, this research clearly demonstrates the immediate and long-term adverse effects on broiler muscling and fat formation due to chronic exposure to hot stress vs. cold temperatures at early age posthatch. These findings will aid in developing management strategies to improve broiler performance in Israel and the USA. BARD Report - Project4592 Page 2 of 29
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Funkenstein, Bruria, and Shaojun (Jim) Du. Interactions Between the GH-IGF axis and Myostatin in Regulating Muscle Growth in Sparus aurata. United States Department of Agriculture, March 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2009.7696530.bard.

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Growth rate of cultured fish from hatching to commercial size is a major factor in the success of aquaculture. The normal stimulus for muscle growth in growing fish is not well understood and understanding the regulation of muscle growth in fish is of particular importance for aquaculture. Fish meat constitutes mostly of skeletal muscles and provides high value proteins in most people's diet. Unlike mammals, fish continue to grow throughout their lives, although the size fish attain, as adults, is species specific. Evidence indicates that muscle growth is regulated positively and negatively by a variety of growth and transcription factors that control both muscle cell proliferation and differentiation. In particular, growth hormone (GH), fibroblast growth factors (FGFs), insulin-like growth factors (IGFs) and transforming growth factor-13 (TGF-13) play critical roles in myogenesis during animal growth. An important advance in our understanding of muscle growth was provided by the recent discovery of the crucial functions of myostatin (MSTN) in controlling muscle growth. MSTN is a member of the TGF-13 superfamily and functions as a negative regulator of skeletal muscle growth in mammals. Studies in mammals also provided evidence for possible interactions between GH, IGFs, MSTN and the musclespecific transcription factor My oD with regards to muscle development and growth. The goal of our project was to try to clarify the role of MSTNs in Sparus aurata muscle growth and in particular determine the possible interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in fish. The steps to achieve this goal included: i) Determining possible relationship between changes in the expression of growth-related genes, MSTN and MyoD in muscle from slow and fast growing sea bream progeny of full-sib families and that of growth rate; ii) Testing the possible effect of over-expressing GH, IGF-I and IGF-Il on the expression of MSTN and MyoD in skeletal muscle both in vivo and in vitro; iii) Studying the regulation of the two S. aurata MSTN promoters and investigating the possible role of MyoD in this regulation. The major findings of our research can be summarized as follows: 1) Two MSTN promoters (saMSTN-1 and saMSTN-2) were isolated and characterized from S. aurata and were found to direct reporter gene activity in A204 cells. Studies were initiated to decipher the regulation of fish MSTN expression in vitro using the cloned promoters; 2) The gene coding for saMSTN-2 was cloned. Both the promoter and the first intron were found to be polymorphic. The first intron zygosity appears to be associated with growth rate; 3) Full length cDNA coding for S. aurata growth differentiation factor-l I (GDF-II), a closely related growth factor to MSTN, was cloned from S. aurata brain, and the mature peptide (C-terminal) was found to be highly conserved throughout evolution. GDF-II transcript was detected by RT -PCR analysis throughout development in S. aurata embryos and larvae, suggesting that this mRNA is the product of the embryonic genome. Transcripts for GDF-Il were detected by RT-PCR in brain, eye and spleen with highest level found in brain; 4) A novel member of the TGF-Bsuperfamily was partially cloned from S. aurata. It is highly homologous to an unidentified protein (TGF-B-like) from Tetraodon nigroviridisand is expressed in various tissues, including muscle; 5) Recombinant S. aurata GH was produced in bacteria, refolded and purified and was used in in vitro and in vivo experiments. Generally, the results of gene expression in response to GH administration in vivo depended on the nutritional state (starvation or feeding) and the time at which the fish were sacrificed after GH administration. In vitro, recombinantsaGH activated signal transduction in two fish cell lines: RTHI49 and SAFI; 6) A fibroblastic-like cell line from S. aurata (SAF-I) was characterized for its gene expression and was found to be a suitable experimental system for studies on GH-IGF and MSTN interactions; 7) The gene of the muscle-specific transcription factor Myogenin was cloned from S. aurata, its expression and promoter activity were characterized; 8) Three genes important to myofibrillogenesis were cloned from zebrafish: SmyDl, Hsp90al and skNAC. Our data suggests the existence of an interaction between the GH-IGFaxis and MSTN. This project yielded a great number of experimental tools, both DNA constructs and in vitro systems that will enable further studies on the regulation of MSTN expression and on the interactions between members of the GHIGFaxis and MSTN in regulating muscle growth in S. aurata.
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