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Relevant bibliographies by topics / Embryonic

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Academic literature on the topic 'Embryonic'

Author: Grafiati

Published: 4 June 2021

Last updated: 29 January 2023

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Journal articles on the topic "Embryonic"

1

Sharpe, N. G., D. G. Williams, and D. S. Latchman. "Regulated expression of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle protein SmN in embryonic stem cell differentiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 12 (December 1990): 6817–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.12.6817-6820.1990.

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The SmN protein is a component of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles and is closely related to the ubiquitous SmB and B' splicing proteins. It is expressed in a limited range of tissues and cell types, including several undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cell lines and undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. The protein declines to undetectable levels when embryonal carcinoma or embryonic stem cells are induced to differentiate, producing primitive endoderm or parietal endoderm or yielding embryonal bodies. This decline is due to a corresponding decrease in the level of the SmN mRNA. The potential role of SmN in the regulation of alternative splicing in embryonic cell lines and early embryos is discussed.

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Sharpe, N. G., D. G. Williams, and D. S. Latchman. "Regulated expression of the small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particle protein SmN in embryonic stem cell differentiation." Molecular and Cellular Biology 10, no. 12 (December 1990): 6817–20. http://dx.doi.org/10.1128/mcb.10.12.6817.

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The SmN protein is a component of small nuclear ribonucleoprotein particles and is closely related to the ubiquitous SmB and B' splicing proteins. It is expressed in a limited range of tissues and cell types, including several undifferentiated embryonal carcinoma cell lines and undifferentiated embryonic stem cells. The protein declines to undetectable levels when embryonal carcinoma or embryonic stem cells are induced to differentiate, producing primitive endoderm or parietal endoderm or yielding embryonal bodies. This decline is due to a corresponding decrease in the level of the SmN mRNA. The potential role of SmN in the regulation of alternative splicing in embryonic cell lines and early embryos is discussed.

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Lav, R., R. Heera, and L. M. Cherian. "Decoding the ‘embryonic’ nature of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma." Journal of Developmental Origins of Health and Disease 6, no. 3 (March 5, 2015): 163–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s204017441500015x.

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Embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma is one of the major defined histologic variants of rhabdomyosarcoma that is mainly reported in children. The histologic appearance of this neoplastic entity recapitulates normal myogenesis. The tumor cells variably exhibit the different cellular phases of myogenesis ranging from undifferentiated mesenchymal cells to elongated myoblasts, multinucleated myotubes and differentiated muscle fibers. The carefully orchestrated embryonic signaling pathways that are involved in myogenesis, conceivably also result in the genesis of rhabdomyosarcoma; albeit as a corollary to an imbalance. We have attempted to review the pathogenesis of embryonal rhabdomyosarcoma in an endeavor to understand better, how closely it is linked to normal myogenesis in terms of its molecular dynamics and histologic presentation.

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Yuan, Jianbo, Yuehui Chao, and Liebao Han. "Uncovering a Phenomenon of Active Hormone Transcriptional Regulation during Early Somatic Embryogenesis in Medicago sativa." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 23, no. 15 (August 3, 2022): 8633. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ijms23158633.

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Somatic embryogenesis (SE) is a developmental process in which somatic cells undergo dedifferentiation to become plant stem cells, and redifferentiation to become a whole embryo. SE is a prerequisite for molecular breeding and is an excellent platform to study cell development in the majority of plant species. However, the molecular mechanism involved in M. sativa somatic embryonic induction, embryonic and maturation is unclear. This study was designed to examine the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) and miRNA roles during somatic embryonic induction, embryonic and maturation. The cut cotyledon (ICE), non-embryogenic callus (NEC), embryogenic callus (EC) and cotyledon embryo (CE) were selected for transcriptome and small RNA sequencing. The results showed that 17,251 DEGs, and 177 known and 110 novel miRNAs families were involved in embryonic induction (ICE to NEC), embryonic (NEC to EC), and maturation (EC to CE). Expression patterns and functional classification analysis showed several novel genes and miRNAs involved in SE. Moreover, embryonic induction is an active process of molecular regulation, and hormonal signal transduction related to pathways involved in the whole SE. Finally, a miRNA–target interaction network was proposed during M. sativa SE. This study provides novel perspectives to comprehend the molecular mechanisms in M. sativa SE.

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Kulinski, Tomasz M., M. Rita T. Casari, Philipp M. Guenzl, Daniel Wenzel, Daniel Andergassen, Anastasiya Hladik, Paul Datlinger, et al. "Imprinted expression in cystic embryoid bodies shows an embryonic and not an extra-embryonic pattern." Developmental Biology 402, no. 2 (June 2015): 291–305. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ydbio.2015.04.010.

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Itskovitz-Eldor, Joseph, Maya Schuldiner, Dorit Karsenti, Amir Eden, Ofra Yanuka, Michal Amit, Hermona Soreq, and Nissim Benvenisty. "Differentiation of Human Embryonic Stem Cells into Embryoid Bodies Comprising the Three Embryonic Germ Layers." Molecular Medicine 6, no. 2 (February 2000): 88–95. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/bf03401776.

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Pera, M. F., B. Reubinoff, and A. Trounson. "Human embryonic stem cells." Journal of Cell Science 113, no. 1 (January 1, 2000): 5–10. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.113.1.5.

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Embryonic stem (ES) cells are cells derived from the early embryo that can be propagated indefinitely in the primitive undifferentiated state while remaining pluripotent; they share these properties with embryonic germ (EG) cells. Candidate ES and EG cell lines from the human blastocyst and embryonic gonad can differentiate into multiple types of somatic cell. The phenotype of the blastocyst-derived cell lines is very similar to that of monkey ES cells and pluripotent human embryonal carcinoma cells, but differs from that of mouse ES cells or the human germ-cell-derived stem cells. Although our understanding of the control of growth and differentiation of human ES cells is quite limited, it is clear that the development of these cell lines will have a widespread impact on biomedical research.

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Dani, C., A. G. Smith, S. Dessolin, P. Leroy, L. Staccini, P. Villageois, C. Darimont, and G. Ailhaud. "Differentiation of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes in vitro." Journal of Cell Science 110, no. 11 (June 1, 1997): 1279–85. http://dx.doi.org/10.1242/jcs.110.11.1279.

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Embryonic stem cells, derived from the inner cell mass of murine blastocysts, can be maintained in a totipotent state in vitro. In appropriate conditions embryonic stem cells have been shown to differentiate in vitro into various derivatives of all three primary germ layers. We describe in this paper conditions to induce differentiation of embryonic stem cells reliably and at high efficiency into adipocytes. A prerequisite is to treat early developing embryonic stem cell-derived embryoid bodies with retinoic acid for a precise period of time. Retinoic acid could not be substituted by adipogenic hormones nor by potent activators of peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors. Treatment with retinoic acid resulted in the subsequent appearance of large clusters of mature adipocytes in embryoid body outgrowths. Lipogenic and lipolytic activities as well as high level expression of adipocyte specific genes could be detected in these cultures. Analysis of expression of potential adipogenic genes, such as peroxisome proliferator-activated receptors gamma and delta and CCAAT/enhancer binding protein beta, during differentiation of retinoic acid-treated embryoid bodies has been performed. The temporal pattern of expression of genes encoding these nuclear factors resembled that found during mouse embryogenesis. The differentiation of embryonic stem cells into adipocytes will provide an invaluable model for the characterisation of the role of genes expressed during the adipocyte development programme and for the identification of new adipogenic regulatory genes.

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Yasuda, Satoshi, Tetsuya Hasegawa, Tetsuji Hosono, Mitsutoshi Satoh, Kei Watanabe, Kageyoshi Ono, Shunichi Shimizu, et al. "AW551984: a novel regulator of cardiomyogenesis in pluripotent embryonic cells." Biochemical Journal 437, no. 2 (June 28, 2011): 345–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.1042/bj20110520.

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An understanding of the mechanism that regulates the cardiac differentiation of pluripotent stem cells is necessary for the effective generation and expansion of cardiomyocytes as cell therapy products. In the present study, we have identified genes that modulate the cardiac differentiation of pluripotent embryonic cells. We isolated P19CL6 cell sublines that possess distinct properties in cardiomyogenesis and extracted 24 CMR (cardiomyogenesis-related candidate) genes correlated with cardiomyogenesis using a transcriptome analysis. Knockdown of the CMR genes by RNAi (RNA interference) revealed that 18 genes influence spontaneous contraction or transcript levels of cardiac marker genes in EC (embryonal carcinoma) cells. We also performed knockdown of the CMR genes in mouse ES (embryonic stem) cells and induced in vitro cardiac differentiation. Three CMR genes, AW551984, 2810405K02Rik (RIKEN cDNA 2810405K02 gene) and Cd302 (CD302 antigen), modulated the cardiac differentiation of both EC cells and ES cells. Depletion of AW551984 attenuated the expression of the early cardiac transcription factor Nkx2.5 (NK2 transcription factor related locus 5) without affecting transcript levels of pluripotency and early mesoderm marker genes during ES cell differentiation. Activation of Wnt/β-catenin signalling enhanced the expression of both AW551984 and Nkx2.5 in ES cells during embryoid body formation. Our findings indicate that AW551984 is a novel regulator of cardiomyogenesis from pluripotent embryonic cells, which links Wnt/β-catenin signalling to Nkx2.5 expression.

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Nagy, Andras, Marina Gertsenstein, Kristina Vintersten, and Richard Behringer. "Differentiating Embryonic Stem (ES) Cells into Embryoid Bodies." Cold Spring Harbor Protocols 2006, no. 2 (July 2006): pdb.prot4405. http://dx.doi.org/10.1101/pdb.prot4405.

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Dissertations / Theses on the topic "Embryonic"

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Montgomery, Sarah Lynn. "Impedance measurement system for embryonic stem cell and embryoid body cultures." Thesis, Atlanta, Ga. : Georgia Institute of Technology, 2008. http://hdl.handle.net/1853/24661.

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Salanga, Matthew Charles. "EMBRYONIC VASCULAR DEVELOPMENT." Diss., The University of Arizona, 2011. http://hdl.handle.net/10150/203435.

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The formation of the embryonic vasculature is essential for life. The components driving this process are well conserved across vertebrate species. At the core of vascular development is the specification of endothelial precursor cells from nascent mesoderm. Transcription factors of the ETS family are important regulators of endothelial specification. In this document we characterize the role of the ETS transcription factors, ETV2, during embryonic vascular development.Expression analysis shows that Etv2 is highly expressed in hematopoietic and endothelial precursor cells in the Xenopus embryo. In gain-of-function experiments, ETV2 is sufficient to activate ectopic expression of vascular endothelial markers. In addition, ETV2 activated expression of hematopoietic genes representing the myeloid but not the erythroid lineage. Loss-of-function studies indicate that ETV2 is required for expression of all endothelial markers examined. However, knockdown of ETV2 has no detectable effects on expression of either myeloid or erythroid markers. This contrasts with studies in mouse and zebrafish where ETV2 is required for development of the myeloid lineage. Our studies confirm an essential role for ETV2 in endothelial development, but also reveal important differences in hematopoietic development between organisms.Although ETV2 is a pivotal molecule in development it remains unidentified in the chicken genome. We hypothesize that chicken Etv2 is expressed in the early Gallus embryo, and is necessary for endothelial specification consistent with its role in other species. To test this hypothesis we attempted to amplify Etv2 transcripts from Gallus embryos using degenerate PCR. Disappointingly this strategy did not reveal a putative Etv2 candidate. However, some important findings were uncovered, including the cloning of a previously uncharacterized Gallus ETS protein, SPDEF. Additionally the identification of an annotation error mis-identifying Ets gene "Erf" as "Etv3" (also an Ets gene) provided details on gene arrangement previously unknown. The workflow described could be used in future studies for the identification of other members of gene families that exhibit gaps, keeping in mind the goal of the study and the limitations of each technology.

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Bailleul, Richard. "Embryonic patterning of the avian skin : mathematical modelling of embryonic dynamics." Electronic Thesis or Diss., Sorbonne université, 2019. https://accesdistant.sorbonne-universite.fr/login?url=https://theses-intra.sorbonne-universite.fr/2019SORUS022.pdf.

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Depuis la publication par Alan Turing de son article ‘The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis” en 1952, une révolution moléculaire a eu lieu en biologie et les mathématiciens ont fourni un nombre croissant de cadres théoriques afin de modéliser des motifs observés dans la nature. Cette thèse a pour objectif d’unifier les récentes découvertes dans ces deux domaines en proposant un cadre théorique et des schémas de développement pour l’émergence des motifs cutanés aviaires par l’étude de la dynamique de formation du plumage dorsal. J'ai caractérisé l'apparition des primordiums de plumes dans le dos de plusieurs espèces d'oiseaux : poulets, cailles, faisans, diamants mandarins, émeus et manchots. Chez les quatre premières espèces, la peau est structurée de manière reproductible : de minces domaines de compétence longitudinaux, marqués par la bêta-caténine, déclenchent une vague de rangées formant des plumes qui se propagent latéralement. Le processus est très différent chez les émeus et manchots: les plumes s'individualisent dans des domaines compétents et apparaissent rapidement sur toute la peau, de manière régulière ou irrégulière. J'ai ensuite reproduit les attributs de cette dynamique avec un modèle unifié de réaction-diffusion-chimiotactisme, avec un terme de prolifération logistique. En ajustant les conditions initiales, ce modèle récapitule les différentes dynamiques de patterning observées, et prédit que la prolifération cellulaire contrôle la synchronisation du processus de configuration. Ce modèle étude ouvre des perspectives concernant l'évolution des motifs cutanés et discute les origines de propriétés de ces motifs tels que leur régularité et leur directionalité
Since Alan Turing’s milestone paper ‘The Chemical Basis of Morphogenesis” in 1952, a molecular revolution has taken place in biology and mathematicians have provided an increasing number of theoretical models that are able to generate many of the patterns observed in nature. This thesis aimed at unifying the extensive findings in both fields to propose theoretical frameworks and developmental schemes for the emergence of avian skin patterns, with a particular focus on dorsal plumage dynamics. I characterised the appearance of feather primordia in the dorsum of several bird species, namely chickens, quails, pheasants, zebra finches, emus and penguins. In the first four species, the patterning of the dorsal skin occurs in a highly reproducible manner: thin longitudinal domains of competence, marked by beta-catenin, trigger a wave of feather-forming rows that propagate laterally in a timely fashion, eventually forming feather tracts. In flightless emus and penguins, the process is much different: feathers first individualise within large competent domains, and later appear throughout the whole skin, in a quick and regular or irregular fashion. I then reproduced shared and varying attributes of these dynamics with a unified reaction-diffusion-chemotaxis model with logistic cell proliferation, which I used in a predictive way. It recapitulates all varying attributes of the patterning processes by tuning initial conditions, and predicts that cell proliferation controls the timing of the patterning process. Our framework opens up evolutionary perspectives, and the origins of pattern attributes such as regularity and directionality are discussed

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Nortjé, Nico. "The moral status of embryonic stem cell research in the South African context /." Link to the online version, 2007. http://hdl.handle.net/10019.1/1372.

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Harrison, Sarah Ellys. "Utilising embryonic and extra-embryonic stem cells to model early mammalian embryogenesis in vitro." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 2018. https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/275424.

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Successful mammalian development to term requires that embryonic and extra-embryonic tissues communicate and grow in coordination, to form the body. After implanting into the uterus, the mouse embryo is comprised of three cell lineages: first, the embryonic epiblast (EPI) that forms the embryo proper, second, the extra-embryonic ectoderm (ExE) which contributes to the foetal portion of the placenta, and third, the visceral endoderm (VE) that contributes to the yolk sac. These three tissues form a characteristic ‘egg-cylinder’ structure, which allows signals to be exchanged between them and sets the stage for body axis establishment and subsequent tissue patterning. The mechanisms underlying this process are difficult to study in vivo because a different genetically manipulated mouse line must be generated to investigate each factor involved. This difficulty has prompted efforts to model mammalian embryogenesis in vitro, using cell lines, which are more amenable to genetic manipulation. The pluripotent state of the EPI can be captured in vitro as mammalian embryonic stem cells (ESCs). Although mouse ESCs have been shown to contribute to all adult tissues in chimeric embryos, they cannot undertake embryogenesis when allowed to differentiate in culture. Previous studies have shown that ESCs formed into three-dimensional (3D) aggregates, called embryoid bodies, can become patterned and express genes associated with early tissue differentiation. However, embryoid bodies cannot recapitulate embryonic architecture and therefore may not accurately reflect what happens in the embryo. In this study, a new technique was developed to model early mouse development which is more faithful to the embryo. ESCs were co-cultured with stem cells derived from the ExE, termed trophoblast stem cells (TSCs), embedded within extracellular matrix (ECM). These culture conditions lead to the self-assembly of embryo-like structures with similar architecture to the mouse egg cylinder. They were comprised of an embryonic compartment derived from ESCs abutting an extra-embryonic compartment derived from TSCs, and hence were named ‘ETS-embryos’. These structures developed a continuous cavity at their centre, which formed via a similar sequence of events to those that lead to pro-amniotic cavity formation in the mouse embryo, and required active Nodal/Activin signalling. After cavitation, ‘ETS-embryos’ developed regionalised mesodermal tissue and primordial germ cell-like cells originating at the boundary between embryonic and extra-embryonic compartments. Inhibitor studies revealed that this occurred in response to endogenous Wnt and BMP signalling, pathways which also govern these tissue specification events in the early mouse embryo. To demonstrate that ‘ETS-embryos’ were comparable to mouse embryos at the global transcriptional level, RNA-sequencing was then performed on different tissue regions of ‘ETS-embryos’ and the resulting transcriptomes were compared to datasets from mouse embryos. These data showed that ‘ETS-embryos’ were highly similar to mouse embryos at post-implantation stages in their overall gene expression patterns. Taken together, these results indicate that ‘ETS-embryos’ are an accurate in vitro model of mammalian embryogenesis, which can be used to complement studies undertaken in vivo to investigate early development.

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Fijnvandraat, Arnoldus Cornelis. "Embryonic stem cell-derived cardiomyocytes." [S.l. : Amsterdam : s.n.] ; Universiteit van Amsterdam [Host], 2003. http://dare.uva.nl/document/68354.

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Brochu, Richard. "Pacemaking in embryonic chick heart." Thesis, McGill University, 1990. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=59533.

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Experiments were conducted to determine the currents involved in the pacemaker activity of aggregates and single cells from the embryonic chick heart. Two microelectrode voltage clamp studies of embryonic chick ventricular heart cell aggregates revealed two time-dependent current components in the pacemaker range of potentials ($-$60 to $-$120 mV). Barium (Ba, 5 mM) blocked the more negatively activated time-dependent component unmasking a component which remained inwardly directed for hyperpolarizing steps beyond the potassium equilibrium potential (E$ sb{ rm K}$). This component, which was blocked by cesium (Cs, 2 mM), is consistent with an inward current which activates upon hyperpolarization (the I, model) as proposed by DiFrancesco (1981a,b), for Purkinje fibers.
In order to minimize the problems associated with the accumulation/depletion of ions in the extracellular space during voltage clamp experiments, studies were carried out on single ventricular cells or small clusters of ventricular cells.

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McCluskey, Jane T. "Mechanisms of embryonic wound healing." Thesis, University of Oxford, 1995. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.318851.

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Tata, M. A. J. "Vascular regulation of embryonic neurogenesis." Thesis, University College London (University of London), 2016. http://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/1531030/.

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Neural progenitor cells (NPCs) in the embryonic nervous system generate a large number and variety of neurons in a process known as neurogenesis. NPCs reside in a regulatory ‘niche’ that provides an extensive array of diverse signals, and loss of any one of these signals can deplete the pool of NPCs and therefore impair neural development. These niche signals are most commonly studied in the forebrain, where a complex array of cell divisions yields a set of diverse NPCs. In contrast, little is known on the role of niche signals in regulating the behaviour of NPCs in the hindbrain, the evolutionary oldest part of the brain that is essential for many vital bodily functions. In the adult brain, blood vessels and the vascular growth factor VEGF-A regulate the behaviour of neural stem cells (NSC). However, it is not known whether either also regulates hindbrain neurogenesis. For my PhD research, I have used the mouse embryo hindbrain as a model to examine the role of blood vessels and VEGF-A receptors in developmental neurogenesis. My studies have revealed that NPCs divide most actively during a period of extensive blood vessel growth in the hindbrain, that hindbrain NPCs reside within a well-vascularised germinal zone (GZ) and that they make physical contact with the GZ vasculature. To establish whether VEGF-A receptors or hindbrain blood vessels regulate the behaviour of hindbrain NPCs, I have analysed mouse embryos lacking the neurovascular cell surface receptor NRP1 in either the neural or endothelial lineages. I found that NRP1 regulates the proliferative behaviour of hindbrain NPCs through its role in promoting GZ vascularisation, but not as a receptor for VEGF-A in NPCs. I have further shown that GZ vasculature sustains the size of the NPC pool through the period of hindbrain neurogenesis and may do so by limiting the expression of pro-differentiation signals to set the pace of neurogenesis. Even though blood vessels are best know for their role in tissue oxygenation, my results also show that NRP1-dependent GZ vasculature does not regulate hindbrain NPC behaviour through its role in oxygenating the neuroepithelium. In conclusion, my results identify an essential role for blood vessels in regulating NPC behaviour in the embryonic hindbrain and have increased our understanding of the regulatory niche that orchestrates developmental neurogenesis.

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Losa, Llabata Marta. "Gene regulation in embryonic development." Thesis, University of Manchester, 2016. https://www.research.manchester.ac.uk/portal/en/theses/gene-regulation-in-embryonic-development(8a9efb79-1ca9-409e-89b9-9d66213e593f).html.

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Branchial arches (BAs) are a series of transient structures that develop on the ventro-lateral surface of the head in vertebrate embryos. BAs initially appear as a series of similar segments; as development proceeds each BA will contribute to different structures. Here, it was investigated the transcriptional mechanisms that instruct the different fates of the BAs in development. Initially, each BA contains a blood vessel, known as aortic arch (AA) artery, that connects the dorsal aorta with the heart. Remodelling of the AAs is crucial to form the adult heart circulation. This process leads to regression of the anterior AAs, running though the first and second BAs (BA1 and BA2), and persistence of the AAs contained in more posterior BAs (PBA). To identify the mechanisms that control remodelling of the AAs, we compared the transcriptomes and epigenomic landscapes of different BAs. Using RNA-seq and H3K27Ac ChIP-seq, we uncovered the activation of a vascular smooth muscle cell (VSMC) differentiation transcriptional program exclusively in the PBAs (and not in BA1/BA2). In support of this finding, we show that VSMC differentiation occurs specifically in the PBAs, but not BA1-2 in mouse embryonic development. Despite the absence of VSMC differentiation in developing BA1-2, cells harvested from these tissues reveal a spontaneous tendency to differentiate towards VSMC fate when grown in vitro, and activate several VSMC-specific genes (Myocd, Acta2, Tagln, Jag1). Together, our results suggest that forming VSMCs is a key process for the persistence of AAs. We also showed that cells derived from all BAs have the potential to differentiate to VSMCs in vitro. However, only cells in the PBAs differentiate to VSMCs in vivo, resulting in the maintenance of posterior AAs. In this study, we also uncovered a novel transcriptional principle that specifies the fate of BA2. Using ChIP-seq, we found that binding of Meis transcription factors establish a ground pattern in the BAs. Hoxa2, which specifies BA2 identity, selects a subset of Meis-bound sites. Meis binding is strongly increased at these sites, which coincide with active enhancers, linked to genes highly expressed in the BA2 and regulated by Hoxa2. Thus, Hoxa2 modifies a ground state binding of Meis to instruct segment-specific transcriptional programs.

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Books on the topic "Embryonic"

1

Turksen, Kursad. Embryonic Stem Cells. New Jersey: Humana Press, 2001. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1592592414.

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W, Masters J. R., Palsson Bernhard, and Thomson James A. Dr, eds. Embryonic stem cells. Dordrecht: Springer, 2007.

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1951-, Anderson Scott, ed. Human embryonic stem cells. 2nd ed. Sudbury, Mass: Jones and Bartlett Publishers, 2007.

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Spemann, Hans. Embryonic development and induction. New York: Garland Pub., 1988.

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S, Odorico Jon, Zhang S. -C, and Pedersen Roger A, eds. Human embryonic stem cells. Abingdon, Oxon, UK: Garland Science/BIOS Scientific Publishers, 2006.

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V, Greer Erik, ed. Embryonic stem cell research. New York: Nova Science Publishers, 2006.

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E, Jauniaux, Barnea E. R, and Edwards R. G. 1925-, eds. Embryonic medicine and therapy. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1997.

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Chiu, Arlene, and Mahendra S. Rao. Human Embryonic Stem Cells. New Jersey: Humana Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1592594239.

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Kursad, Turksen. Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols. New Jersey: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1597450367.

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Kursad, Turksen. Embryonic Stem Cell Protocols. New Jersey: Humana Press, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1385/1597450375.

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Book chapters on the topic "Embryonic"

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Vleck, Carol M., and David Vleck. "Embryonic Energetics." In Avian Energetics and Nutritional Ecology, 417–54. Boston, MA: Springer US, 1996. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4613-0425-8_12.

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Gillott, Cedric. "Embryonic Development." In Entomology, 569–94. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 1995. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-017-4380-8_20.

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Giudice, Giovanni. "Embryonic Morphogenesis." In The Sea Urchin Embryo, 37–72. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1986. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-70431-4_2.

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Dancygier, Henryk. "Embryonic Development." In Clinical Hepatology, 7–10. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-93842-2_1.

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Weis, Judith S. "Embryonic Development." In Physiological, Developmental and Behavioral Effects of Marine Pollution, 169–214. Dordrecht: Springer Netherlands, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-94-007-6949-6_6.

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Huneman, Philippe. "Embryonic Induction." In Encyclopedia of Systems Biology, 653–54. New York, NY: Springer New York, 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-9863-7_933.

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Punzo, Fred. "Embryonic Development." In Adaptations of Desert Organisms, 15–45. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2000. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-662-04090-4_2.

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Playford, Richard. "Embryonic Persons." In Agency, Pregnancy and Persons, 52–69. New York: Routledge, 2022. http://dx.doi.org/10.4324/9781003181576-5.

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Dettlaff, Tatiana A., Anna S. Ginsburg, and Olga I. Schmalhausen. "Embryonic Development." In Sturgeon Fishes, 49–154. Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 1993. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-3-642-77057-9_3.

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Henderson-Sellers, B., and A. Bulthuis. "An Embryonic Core." In Object-Oriented Metamethods, 121–42. New York, NY: Springer New York, 1998. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4612-1748-0_6.

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Conference papers on the topic "Embryonic"

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Thoson, J. "Embryonic stem cell research." In 2006 IEEE Aerospace Conference. IEEE, 2006. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/aero.2006.1655714.

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Sabir, K., and D. Lowe. "Embryonic stream processing using morphogens." In 2010 Second World Congress on Nature and Biologically Inspired Computing (NaBIC 2010). IEEE, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/nabic.2010.5716321.

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Rasala, Richard. "Embryonic object versus mature object." In the 8th annual conference. New York, New York, USA: ACM Press, 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.1145/961511.961538.

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Zuser, E., J. Newmark, T. Chernenko, M. Diem, P. M. Champion, and L. D. Ziegler. "Non-invasive Imaging of Embryonic Stem Cells Differentiation via Formation of Embryoid Bodies." In XXII INTERNATIONAL CONFERENCE ON RAMAN SPECTROSCOPY. AIP, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1063/1.3482805.

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Wan, Chen-rei, Seok Chung, Ryo Sudo, and Roger D. Kamm. "Induction of Cardiomyocyte Differentiation From Mouse Embryonic Stem Cells in a Confined Microfluidic Environment." In ASME 2009 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2009-203995.

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Embryonic stem cell derived cardiomyocytes are deemed an attractive treatment option for myocardial infarction. Their clinical efficacy, however, has not been unequivocally demonstrated. There is a need for better understanding and characterization of the cardiogenesis process. A microfluidic platform in vitro is used to dissect and better understand the differentiation process. Through this study, we find that while embryoid bodies (EBs) flatten out in a well plate system, differentiated EBs self-assemble into complex 3D structures. The beating regions of EBs are also different. Most beating areas are observed in a ring pattern on 2D well plates around the center, self-assembled beating large 3D aggregates are found in microfluidic devices. Furthermore, inspired by the natural mechanical environment of the heart, we applied uniaxial cyclic mechanical stretch to EBs. Results suggest that prolonged mechanical stimulation acts as a negative regulator of cardiogenesis. From this study, we conclude that the culture environments can influence differentiation of embryonic stem cells into cardiomycytes, and that the use of microfluidic systems can provide new insights into the differentiation process.

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Varner, Victor D., Dmitry A. Voronov, and Larry A. Taber. "Mechanics of Embryonic Head Fold Morphogenesis." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193032.

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Head fold morphogenesis constitutes the first discernible epithelial folding event in the embryonic development of the chick. It arises at Hamburger and Hamilton (HH) stage 6 (approximately 24 hours into a 21-day incubation period) and establishes the anterior extent of the embryo [1]. At this stage, the embryonic blastoderm is composed of three germ layers (endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm), which are organized into a flat layered sheet that overlies the fibrous vitelline membrane (VM). Within this blastodermal sheet, a crescent-shaped head fold develops just anterior to the elongating notochord, spanning across the embryonic midline at the rostral end of neural plate. At the crest of this fold, the bilateral precardiac plates fuse in a cranial to caudal direction and give rise to the primitive heart tube and foregut [2, 3]. An understanding of head fold morphogenesis may thus offer insight into how embryonic tissues are arranged to make ready for proper cardiac formation.

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Sargent, Carolyn Y., Luke A. Hiatt, Sandhya Anantharaman, Eric Berson, and Todd C. McDevitt. "Cardiogenesis of Embryonic Stem Cells is Modulated by Hydrodynamic Mixing Conditions." In ASME 2008 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2008. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2008-193129.

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Embryonic stem cells (ESCs) have the potential to differentiate into all somatic cell types and are uniquely capable of differentiating into functional cardiomyocytes; however, to effectively use ESCs for cell-based therapies to regenerate viable myocardial tissue, an improved understanding of mechanisms regulating differentiation is necessary. Currently, application of exogenous factors is commonly attempted to direct stem cell differentiation; however, progression towards controlling multiple environmental factors, including biochemical and mechanical stimuli, may result in increased differentiation efficiency for clinical applications. Additionally, current methods of ESC differentiation to cardiomyocytes are labor-intensive and produce relatively few cardiomyocytes based on initial ESC densities. Rotary suspension culture to produce embryoid bodies (EBs) has been shown to yield greater numbers of differentiating ESCs than static suspension cultures [1]. Thus, the objective of this study was to examine how the hydrodynamic mixing conditions imposed by rotary orbital culture modulate cardiomyocyte differentiation.

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Buskohl, Philip R., Russell A. Gould, and Jonathan T. Butcher. "Biomechanical Analysis of Embryonic Atrioventricular Valvulogenesis." In ASME 2011 Summer Bioengineering Conference. American Society of Mechanical Engineers, 2011. http://dx.doi.org/10.1115/sbc2011-53791.

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Heart valve development is directed by a complex interaction of molecular and mechanical cues[1]. Both molecular and mechanical based approaches are needed to clarify these relationships. Many technologies exist for the former, but the short length scale and super-compliant material properties of embryonic valve tissue make conventional mechanical testing techniques ineffective. The pipette aspiration technique has been a useful tool in cell mechanics[2] and has recently been applied to adult valve leaflets[3]. Geometric effects of thin, planar tissues however compromise the utility of aspiration based measurements. Herein, we utilize pipette aspiration and a novel uni-axial micro-tensile testing apparatus to quantify the biomechanical evolution of avian embryonic heart valves. We then relate biomechanical stiffening to changes in underlying structural composition.

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Jenkins, M. W., A. R. Duke, S. Gu, H. J. Chiel, M. Watanabe, E. D. Jansen, and A. M. Rollins. "Optical pacing of the embryonic heart." In Biomedical Optics. Washington, D.C.: OSA, 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.1364/biomed.2010.bwh4.

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Carraro, G., G. Turcatel, A. El-Hashash, and D. Warburton. "miR-17 Regulate Embryonic Lung Development." In American Thoracic Society 2009 International Conference, May 15-20, 2009 • San Diego, California. American Thoracic Society, 2009. http://dx.doi.org/10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2009.179.1_meetingabstracts.a3276.

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Reports on the topic "Embryonic"

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Weier, Jingly F., Christy Ferlatte, and Heinz-Ulli G. Weier. Somatic genomic variations in extra-embryonic tissues. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), May 2010. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1001041.

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Jessup, John. Inhibition of Embryonic Genes to Control Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada567286.

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Jessup, John M. Inhibition of Embryonic Genes to Control Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada595246.

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Jessup, John M. Inhibition of Embryonic Genes to Control Colorectal Cancer Metastasis. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, September 2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada615207.

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Bushman, Wade. An Embryonic Growth Pathway is Reactivated in Human Prostate Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, June 2005. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada442996.

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Harada, John J. Final Report for Regulation of Embryonic Development in Higher Plants. Office of Scientific and Technical Information (OSTI), October 2013. http://dx.doi.org/10.2172/1097049.

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Bushman, Wade. An Embryonic Growth Pathway is Reactivated in Human Prostate Cancer. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, February 2003. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada420333.

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Stepanova, A. M. The use of probiotics in poultry industry since the embryonic period. Федеральное государственное бюджетное научное учреждение Федеральный научный центр - Всероссийский научно-исследовательский институт экспериментальной ветеринарии имени К.И. Скрябина и Я.Р. Коваленко Российской академии наук, 2018. http://dx.doi.org/10.18411/lj978-20182-363367.

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Zuckerman, Kenneth S. Reparative Medicine: Production of Erythrocytes & Platelets from Human Embryonic Stem Cells. Fort Belvoir, VA: Defense Technical Information Center, October 2012. http://dx.doi.org/10.21236/ada566171.

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Gershon, Eran, and Alan Ealy. Fibroblast growth factor signaling requirements for embryonic and placental development in ruminants. United States Department of Agriculture, January 2016. http://dx.doi.org/10.32747/2016.7600044.bard.

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