Dissertations / Theses on the topic 'Embryology – Experimental'
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Lowe, James William Edward. "The role of normal development in experimental embryology." Thesis, University of Exeter, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10871/18014.
Full textXu, Jiasen. "A study of embryotrophic mechanism of human oviductal cells on mouse embryo development in vitro." Hong Kong : University of Hong Kong, 2000. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record.jsp?B22926197.
Full textFrenk, Mora Silvia Elena. "Embryology in its relation to genetics and evolution : experimental analysis and historical perspectives." Thesis, University of Cambridge, 1993. http://ethos.bl.uk/OrderDetails.do?uin=uk.bl.ethos.283901.
Full textChan, Sin-ying Cindy. "In vitro effect of oviductal embryotrophic factors on the gene expressions of preimplantation mouse embryos." Click to view the E-thesis via HKUTO, 2003. http://sunzi.lib.hku.hk/hkuto/record/B31970916.
Full textChebli, Vivian-Azar. "Proteins of Ilyanassa obsoleta embryos : analysis of delobed embryos and isolated polar lobes." Thesis, McGill University, 1988. http://digitool.Library.McGill.CA:80/R/?func=dbin-jump-full&object_id=61906.
Full textMaynard, Thomas Michael. "Notch mediated cell-cell signaling regulates the survival and differentiation of avian neural crest cell populations /." view abstract or download file of text, 1999. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9955919.
Full textTypescript. Includes vita and abstract. Includes bibliographical references (leaves 110-119). Also available for download via the World Wide Web; free to University of Oregon users. Address: http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/uoregon/fullcit?p9955919.
陳倩瑩 and Sin-ying Cindy Chan. "In vitro effect of oviductal embryotrophic factors on the gene expressions of preimplantation mouse embryos." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2003. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B31970916.
Full text許嘉森 and Jiasen Xu. "A study of embryotrophic mechanism of human oviductal cells on mouse embryo development in vitro." Thesis, The University of Hong Kong (Pokfulam, Hong Kong), 2000. http://hub.hku.hk/bib/B43894720.
Full textGoulding, Morgan Ben. "Comparative and experimental analysis of precocious cell-lineage diversification in the embryonic dorsoventral axis of the gastropod Ilyanassa /." Full text (PDF) from UMI/Dissertation Abstracts International, 2001. http://wwwlib.umi.com/cr/utexas/fullcit?p3008339.
Full textLawry, John R. "Characterization of the expression of glutamate dehydrogenase in preimplantation mouse embryos using competitive reverse transcription- polymerase chain reactions." Virtual Press, 1994. http://liblink.bsu.edu/uhtbin/catkey/917022.
Full textDepartment of Biology
Palazzi, Eduardo Gimenes. "Efetividade da tripsina sobre embriões murinos infectados experimentalmente com BoHV-1." Universidade de São Paulo, 2010. http://www.teses.usp.br/teses/disponiveis/87/87131/tde-03012011-090553/.
Full textThis study evaluated the effectiveness of treatment with trypsin (TT) in the elimination of BoHV-1 Colorado, which causes infectious bovine rhinotracheitis (IBR) Swiss female mice, aged 6 and 8 weeks, were superovulated with 0.2 mL 5UI hormone eCG and 48h after hCG and mated with males of the same lineage and age. After 18 hours, females were euthanized, and through na opening in the peritoneum, the zygotes were collected. Zygotes were separated for five trials that provided the following data: the Colorado BoHV-1 alters the cleavage rate and embryo morphology; trypsin, following recommendations of the IETS, does not damage the embryo; the embryos exposed to the virus and subjected to TT does not change their morphology and cleavage rate; were detected (nested-PCR +) viable virus (MDBK +) after the TT. These results demonstrate that TT was not effective to eliminate the BoHV-1 Colorado, but in some tests showed the TT efficiency in inactivating the virus makes it na important method of control in vitro.
Sedano, Rodolfo Canseco. "Effect of immunoglobulins on early bovine embryo development in vitro." Thesis, Virginia Tech, 1985. http://hdl.handle.net/10919/41575.
Full textMaster of Science
Mineo, Alessandro. "Mechanisms of restricted activation of the Torso receptor: from the eggshell to the embryo." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/402625.
Full textEl eje antero-posterior del embrión de Drosophila se especifica por acción de tres sistemas maternos: el sistema anterior, el sistema posterior y el sistema terminal. En el sistema terminal el receptor tirosina quinasa Torso (Tor) está localizado uniformemente en la membrana del embrión temprano pero se activa sólo en los polos por acción de la proteína Torso-like (Tsl). Aunque el papel de Tsl en la activación de Tor no está del todo claro, se ha descrito que Tsl es la única proteína de todo el sistema terminal localizada en los polos. De hecho, Tsl se acumula en la cara interna de la membrana vitelina (MV), anclado a las proteínas Nasrat, Polehole y Closca. El papel molecular de estas proteínas es poco conocido, pero análisis genéticos han demostrado que se necesitan para una correcta estructura de la MV y también para la activación de Tor. En esta tesis, nos hemos focalizado en la función de las proteínas Tsl, Nasrat, Polehole y Closca y su papel en la activación de Tor en los polos. Respecto a Tsl, descubrimos que esta proteína se acumula en la MV durante la oogénesis y, al principio de la embriogénesis, transloca de la MV a la membrana plasmática del embrión. En cuanto a Nasrat, Polehole y Closca descubrimos que estas proteínas se necesitan también para la correcta localización y función de Nudel, una proteína involucrada en la especificación del eje dorso ventral del embrión. Además encontramos que Nasrat, Polehole y Closca tienen una función adicional en el sistema terminal independiente de Tsl. De los resultados aquí descritos proponemos que un complejo formado por las proteínas Nasrat, Polehole y Closca podría funcionar en la MV como un centro multifuncional para anclar proteínas importantes por la especificación de los ejes del embrión.
González, Gobartt Elena. "Study of the Secundary Neurulation in the chick embryo, a model to understand neural tube defects = Estudio de la neurulación secundaria en el embrión del pollo, un modelo para entender los defectos del tubo neural." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2019. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/668284.
Full textEl alargamiento del eje del cuerpo es un sello distintivo del embrión de vertebrados. Los progenitores neuro-mesodérmicos (NMPs) llevan a cabo este proceso, incluyendo la morfogénesis del tubo neural caudal. En amniotas, éste se forma por el proceso conocido como neurulación secundaria (SN). El papel de los NMPs en el alargamiento del eje cráneo-caudal se conoce en mayor medida. Sin embargo, las vías de señalización y los eventos celulares que conforman el tubo neural secundario (SNT) se mantienen ampliamente desconocidos, aun cuando fallos en la SN producen defectos de tubo neural (NTDs). Aquí combinamos la manipulación genética del embrión de pollo con técnicas de imagen in vivo para descifrar los eventos celulares que conducen la formación del SNT y demostrar también que la vía de señalización TGF-beta/SMAD3 juega un papel muy importante en este proceso. Así, si ésta es inhibida durante el desarrollo del SNT se generan NTDs caracterizados por la presencia de múltiples lúmenes. Nuestro análisis demuestra que los eventos iniciales de la SN como la restricción de los NMPs en células progenitoras neurales (NPCs) y la subsecuente transición mesénquima-epitelio (MET) son independientes de la actividad de TGF-beta/SMAD3. No obstante, la resolución de un único lumen central, posible gracias a la intercalación de las células centrales, requiere la actividad de TGF-beta/SMAD3. Por todo ello, creemos que los hallazgos aquí presentados son relevantes para entender el proceso de SN en humano y así desentrañar el origen embrionario de los NTDs.
Pérez, Montero Salvador. "Caracterització funcional de dBigH1: la variant germinal i embrionària d'histona H1 a Drosophila." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/350312.
Full textDuring the development of this thesis we have descrived the germline and embryonic histone H1 variant of Drosophila melanogaster. Metazoans usually contain multiple histone H1 variants. In particular, specific variants replace somatic histone H1s in the germline and early embryogenesis. In this regard, Drosophila was an exception because a single dH1 was known. During this work, we identified the embryonic histone H1 of Drosophila, dBigH1. dBigH1 is abundant during early embryogenesis before cellularization occurs, when the somatic H1 is absent and the zygotic genome is inactive. Upon cellularization, when the zygotic genome si progressively activated, dH1 replaces dBigH1 in the soma, but not in the primordial germ cells (PGCs). dBigH1 loss-of-function mutant embryos show premature zygotic genome activation, both in the soma and the PGCs. Mutant embryos die at cellularization, showing increased levels of active RNApol II and zygotic transcripts, along with DNA damage and mitotic defects. These results show an essential function of dBigH1 in zygotic genome activation regulation. Like in other metazoans, dBigH1 is present in the female germline. However, it is also present in the male germline, while other metazoans contain diferent male-specific H1s. In the gonads, dBigH1 is expressed in the germ stem cells attached to the stem cell niche, both in males and females. In male gonads it is also present in the spermatocytes and, in the female gonads, it is also present in the egg chambers. dBigH1 knock-down testis have problems in the regulation of spermatogenesis, which results in spermatogonia accumulation and a decrease in male fertility. This is due to an upregulation of bam, a key regulator of this process. These results show a dBigH1 contribution in the regulation of bam expression during gametogenesis. Moreover, we also show that dBigH1 distribution across spermatocytes chromatin negativelly correlates with gene expression. dBigH1 is accumulated in genes which must remain silenced, whereas genes highly expressed in these cells contain less dBigH1 content. In this regard, a dBigH1 knock-down condition show an upregulation of these silenced genes. These results show that dBigH1 also contributes to transcriptional regulation in the germline.
Albuixech, Crespo Beatriz. "Genoarquitectura del sistema nervioso durante el desarrollo embrionario del anfioxo: implicaciones evolutivas para el origen del cerebro de vertebrados." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2015. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/328710.
Full textIn this thesis we have studied thoroughly the genoarquitecture of the neural plate of amphioxus embryos. The expression of various genes have been studied variously in the neural primordium of Amphioxus but, there was no consensus about the morphological significance of the CNS regions that are distinguishable by characteristic molecular patterns. We have now analysed around fifty differentiation genes and transcription factors that are expressed in the neural anlage of amphioxus at the middle neurula stage, corroborating and complementing earlier reports. Homologs of the chosen markers delineate distinct brain territories in vertebrates, contributing to current concepts of the neural bauplan by means of the prosomeric model. Our main aim was to determine whether amphioxus in any way approximates that model, and whether if it can be defined a common neural bauplan for chordates. Our results revealed various discrete patterns discriminating along both the anteroposterior and dorsoventral dimensions (AP, DV). As regards AP expression patterns, Otx-positive versus Gbx-positive territories were early observable, as in vertebrates. The Otx-positive subregion is further partitioned by several markers in two major parts, which we named as primordial hypothalamus (HyP) and a primordial di-mesencephalon (DiMeP). And, along with the rhombospinal primordium (RhSP), that corresponds to the Gbx-positive territory, the three main subunits are delimited by the same topological boundaries, defining the same molecular limits, that define the secondary organizers in vertebrates. This topological correspondence between the thalamic-pretectal-mesencephalic region with the DiMeP in amphioxus suggests that this three regions in vertebrates, that are surrounded by the specifying effect of the secondary organizers, may share common ancestry. Extending the correlations that issue from this genoarquitectonic study, in this thesis, a neural bauplan for chordates is described, and other issues related with the origin and evolution of central nervous systems are debated.
Monjo, Luis Francisco. "Organogènesi del sistema nerviós i dels òrgans sensorials en el desenvolupament embrionari de la planària Schmidtea polychroa." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2016. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/386314.
Full textThe development of a nervous system is a key innovation in the evolution of metazoans, which is illustrated by the presence of a common developmental toolkit for the formation of this organ system. Neurogenesis in the Spiralia, and in particular the Platyhelminthes, is, however, poorly understood when compared with other animal groups. In this thesis we used the planarian Schmidtea polychroa, a free-living flatworm with a morphologically simple nervous system, as a model organism for studying the organogenesis of the central, peripheral and visual nervous systems. Using a combination of immunolabelling and gene expression analysis of neural-specific markers we show that the nervous system is formed de novo from a population of embryonic cells when the embryo adopts the definitive axial identities. Later on, these cells aggregate in a bilateral neural primordium which differentiates the brain, and the ventral and lateral nerve cords. Also, during this late embryonic phase, the eyes develop in the anterior-most part of the organism from a shared precursor. To further understand the early steps of neurogenesis, we isolate and characterize soxB and a set of bHLH genes, which are gene families with a well-established role in metazoan neural development, and genes associated with the specification of eye cell types -in particular, the pax6-gene network and transcription factors of the otx and rx families. Thus, we demonstrate that soxB1-1 is expressed in the putative neuroectoderm and neural progenitor cells, whereas soxB2, neural bHLH genes (achaete-scute, neuroD and beta3), and the eye-related genes so, eya and otxA are associated with the specification of neural subpopulations. Altogether, our findings suggest that the ancestral neural-specific gene regulatory network is substantially conserved in triclad, despite exhibiting a divergent mode of development. In summary, this thesis expands the current understanding of bilaterian neurogenesis and provides a basic framework for further studies in planarian embryonic development.
La formación de un sistema nervioso fue una innovación clave en la evolución de los animales que permitió desarrollar una comunicación rápida y eficiente entre las células de un organismo a medida que aumentaba la complejidad. Analizar la neurogénesis embrionaria en el mayor número posible de organismos es, por lo tanta, necessario para reconstruir cual fue el modo ancestral de neurogénesis de los metazoos. Recientemente se ha descrito que ese proceso puede ser definido con un conjunto de pasos o etapas que están controlados por redes génicas comunes entre organismos modelo bien establecidos. En general, el primer paso de la neurogénesis implica la separación del ectodermo neurogénico y epitelial durante la gastrulación del embrión; posteriormente, el ectodermo neurogènico, o neuroectodermo, se regionaliza en los principales ejes de coordenadas y se amplifica en cuanto a número de células y, finalmente, da lugar a las células nerviosas. En los organismos del grupo de los Spiralia, uno de los dos principales clados de protóstomos, los estudios sobre temas relacionados con esas etapas se han centrado en los moluscos y anélidos mientras que poco se sabe del resto de filos del grupo. Así pues, en esta tesis doctoral nos hemos planteado utilizar la planaria de agua dulce Schmidtea polychroa, un platihelminto con un sistema nervioso morfológicamente simple, para caracterizar la organogénesis de los sistemas nerviosos central, periférico, y visual, y, posteriormente, analizar algunos de los módulos conservados de la neurogénesis de los organismos bilaterals. Inicialmente nuestra estrategia se basó en el estudio del marcaje con anticuerpos específicos neurales y con el análisis de la expresión de genes pan-neurales y de subpoblaciones neuronales para proponer un modelo de desarrollo del sistema nervioso durante la embriogénesis de esta especie. Los resultados de nuestra tesis demuestran el origen de novo en el estadio 4 y a partir de una población de células embrionarias determinadas del sistema nerviosos definitivo; más tarde, estas células se condensan en un primordio nervioso bilateral situado en el futuro polo ventral del embrión que será el origen de estructuras como el cerebro o los cordones laterales y ventrales. Además, también hemos determinado la dinámica temporal y espacial de desarrollo de los ojos durante las etapas más tardías de la embriogénesis: estos órganos se forman en la parte más anterior del embrión y a partir de unas células precursoras comunes que se separarán en los primordios de los ojos derecho e izquierdo. Por último, hemos aislado y caracterizado genes ortólogos del grupo soxB y un conjunto de miembros de los bHLH proneurales, que son familias génicas con un papel bien establecido en la determinación del ectodermo neurogénico y la especificación neuronal, y también de genes asociados con la diferenciación de los ojos, como por ejemplo los miembros de red génica controlada por pax6 y también otros factores de transcripción como rx, otx o atonal. Su análisis molecular muestra que un ortólogo del grupo soxB1 se detecta en el putativo neuroectodermo del embrión y en células progenitoras neuronales de S. polychroa, mientras que los genes de los grupos soxB2, achaete-scute, neuroD y beta3, así como algunos genes relacionados con el desarrollo de los ojos, están asociados con la especificación de diferentes poblaciones neuronales. En conjunto, nuestros datos sugieren que, a pesar de que los tríclados muestran un patrón de desarrollo del zigoto que difiere claramente del patrón típico de la segmentación espiral, los principales mecanismos moleculares de control de la neurogénesis se encuentran conservados en su grupo. En resumen, nuestra tesis doctoral expande la comprensión sobre el desarrollo del sistema nerviosos de los bilaterales a la vez que proporciona un marco básico para futuros estudios con embriones de planarias.
Ferrández, Roldán Alfonso. "Deconstruction of the cardiopharyngeal gene regulatory network in appendicularians, a paradigmatic study of Oikopleura dioica as an evolutionary knockout model." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2021. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/672832.
Full textFabré, Mitjans Noëlle. "Comportamiento reproductor en el blenio de río (Salaria fluviatilis): aspectos relacionados con la estrategia reproductiva del macho." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2014. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/284359.
Full textThe river blenny (Salaria fluviatilis) is a freshwater fish inhabiting the circum-Mediterranean region that has been described as threatened in many of the countries where it occurs. In order to provide useful information for its conservation, in the present thesis, different aspects related to behaviour were approached: reproductive strategies, embryo development related to parental care, personality and learning capacity. Results concerning reproductive strategies show that the absence of larger dominant males promotes the secondary sexual characteristics (SSCs) development and the parental status acquisition in young males, while their presence inhibits these processes. Nest limitation, meanwhile, stimulates the cephalic crest growth. Embryo development study reveals that embryos maintained with progenitors have a major yolk sac volume, a minor head height and a minor jaw length at birth than the embryos maintained without progenitors. This suggests that the presence of both parents (specially the male, who has a close contact with clutches and exhibit parental care) could affect embryo development and therefore should be maintained in captivity programs. In the study about personality, it is explored if the time to emerge from a refuge when exposed to a novel environment is related to SSCs development. Males that emerge faster from the refuge present later, during reproductive period, a major development of the cephalic crest, and those who exit completely the refuge grow more in body length. Finally, in the spatial learning study, it is observed that males learn faster the task than females and their rapidity to learn is associated to the cephalic crest development. All these observations allow us to understand better how this species adapts to the environment and might provide relevant information for the conservation in situ, captive breeding and reintroduction programs.
Butí, Barceló Elisenda. "Migració i guiatge cel·lular durant el desenvolupament embrionari de Drosophila melanogaster. Contribució de Hedgehog i Patched." Doctoral thesis, Universitat de Barcelona, 2013. http://hdl.handle.net/10803/120512.
Full textWe have analysed the tracheal phenotype of patched (ptc) mutant embryos to clarify the involvement of Ptc in tracheal development, in particular its role in cell migration and pathfinding. One of the main points of interest is the fact that in ptc mutants the ganglionic branches (GB) do not invade the ventral nerve cord as they do in the wild-type (wt). We found that the number of cells that constitute the tracheal tree in the mutant is slightly lower than in wt but these changes in cell number are not due to apoptosis, as we cannot detect any additional caspase activity in mutant embryos, and, in addition, these lower numbers of cells are not sufficient to prevent the extension of the GBs. The ptc tracheal phenotype is already visible by stage 12 and 13 of embryogenesis when the GBs start showing defects in migration/extension, and show higher number of DSRF positive cells, compared to the wt. Embryonic Ptc protein expression and activation or inactivation of the Hh pathway in tracheal cells alone, either using active or inactive forms, does not show a phenotype, suggesting a non-autonomous requirement for the Hh pathway in tracheal cells. In addition, overexpression of Hh in the embryonic ventral region, phenocopies the GB migration/extension phenotype. For these reasons, we have analysed the expression of Branchless (Bnl), the FGF ligand, in ptc mutant embryos, where migration is not properly occurring. By using in situ hybridisation and RT-PCR we have found that wt and ptc mutants show different levels of bnl expression, these being higher in ptc mutants than in wt embryos. In parallel of the Ptc project in the tracheal system, and since we already knew and have observed some phenotypes in the nervous system, we decided to further analyse some observations we have done while overexpressing Hh in the midline. It is reported that in vertebrates the morphogen Sonic Hedgehog acts as an axon chemoattractant that collaborates with Netrin-1 in midline axon guidance at the level of the floor plate. We have been able to demonstrate that the same is occurring in Drosophila. We could see the same effect while overexpressing the morphogen outside the midline using Apterous (Apt) as a driver, confirming the effect of Hh as a guidance molecule.
Primus, Alexander Edward. "Regional specification in the early embryo of the brittle star Ophiopholis aculeata." Thesis, 2005. http://repositories.lib.utexas.edu/bitstream/handle/2152/1698/primusa21492.pdf.
Full textКошарний, В. В. "Морфогенетичні перетворення органів ембріонів щурів під впливом електромагнітного випромінювання : автореф. дис. на здобуття наук. ступеня доктора мед. наук / В. В. Кошарний. - Харків, 2012. - 37 с." Thesis, 2012. http://repo.dma.dp.ua/113/1/%D0%B0%D0%B2%D1%82%D0%BE%D1%80%D0%B5%D1%84%D0%B5%D1%80%D0%B0%D1%82%20%D0%BA%D0%BE%D1%88%D0%B0%D1%80%D0%BD%D1%8B%D0%B9.doc.
Full textLopes, Floro Kylie Biotechnology & Biomolecular Sciences Faculty of Science UNSW. "Dissecting the requirement for Cited2 during heart development and left-right patterning of the mouse embryo." 2007. http://handle.unsw.edu.au/1959.4/40531.
Full textAli, Jaffar. "Factors affecting ultrarapid vitrification and cryopreservation of embryos." Phd thesis, 1992. http://hdl.handle.net/1885/141196.
Full text