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1
Vivanco-Mackie, H. W., M. D. P. Salazar, M. Miguel, C. Youngs, and M. Asparrin. "164 EMBRYO SURVIVAL TO CALVING ACCORDING TO TYPE OF EMBRYO AND EMBRYO TRANSFER METHOD IN ALPACAS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 27, no. 1 (2015): 173. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv27n1ab164.
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The objective of the study was to determine the embryo survival up to calving of fresh and cryopreserved (frozen and vitrified) alpaca embryos transferred into alpaca recipients by nonsurgical transcervical embryo transfer and by surgical laparoscopically aided embryo transfer. For this report we have compiled the information from 127 embryo transfers in alpacas done by our group at Mallkini, Puno, Peru, at 4200 m elevation. The embryos have been collected from superovulated donor alpacas flushed at 6.5 days post mating, some were transferred as fresh and some were cryopreserved; the recipients (3 to 7 years old) were selected based on presence of functional corpora lutea at ecosonographic examination and subjected to ovarian cycle synchronization and ovulation induction as per Vivanco (2013). From a total of 133 alpacas selected, 127 were used, from which 82 received fresh, 32 frozen, and 13 vitrified embryos. All embryos were classed as A-class expanded blastocysts at time of transfer. By nonsurgical transcervical embryo transfer, 33 embryos were transferred fresh, 22 were frozen/thawed embryos, and 13 were vitrified/warmed embryos. By surgical laparoscopically aided method, 49 embryos were transferred fresh and 10 embryos were frozen/thawed; no vitrified embryos were transferred by this method. Results are detailed in Table 1. Pregnancy losses occured at up to 9 weeks (63 days) of gestation, the heaviest loss occurs in the first 3 weeks. After 9 weeks of gestation, no losses were registered. In average, 22% of fresh embryos transferred were represented as crias born. None of the cryopreserved embryos survived up to 11 weeks post-transfer. There is no difference in percentage of crias born between nonsurgical transcervical embryo transfers and surgical laparoscopically aided embryo transfers.The heavy embryo losses could be related to nutrition and high-altitude limitations; however, it is difficult to make comparisons with others because reports to date lack information on the actual crias born from embryo transfers in alpacas; most of the reports are based on pregnancy reports up to 30 to 60 days post-transfers. To date, no births from cryopreserved alpaca embryos have been reported. Furher studies on causes of embryo/fetal losses are necessary. Table 1.Results of embryo transfer This study was financed by the Peruvian Fund for Innovation, Science and Technology (FINCYT).
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Dorsch, Martina, Isabell Wittur, and Wiebke Garrels. "Success of embryo transfer in mice with freshly collected and cryopreserved two-cell embryos with different genetic backgrounds correlated with the number of transferred embryos: A 5-year retrospective analysis." Laboratory Animals 53, no. 6 (March 13, 2019): 577–86. http://dx.doi.org/10.1177/0023677219832922.
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Embryo transfer of pre-implantation embryos to surrogate dams is a key technique for the hygienic sanitation of strains, cryopreservation, in vitro fertilization, genetic modification and engineering. However, the effects of several parameters, such as the number of transferred embryos, on the success of embryo transfer are not well studied. In this retrospective study, we reanalysed 1320 embryo transfers of two-cell embryos originating from genetically altered donors, which were performed under routine conditions in our facility over a period of 5 years. Of them, 453 embryo transfers were done with freshly collected embryos and 867 transfers were performed with cryopreserved embryos. Despite the fact that the genetic background of the embryo donors was quite heterogeneous, we found that the transfer of ≥ 21 embryos reduced the success of embryo transfers for freshly collected embryos in correlation with the number of pregnancies and born pups, whereas this was not the case for transfer in the cryopreservation group. Most pregnancies were achieved after embryo transfer of 10–20 freshly collected embryos (90.4%), which dropped to 37.5% if more embryos were transferred. The highest pregnancy rates in the cryopreservation group were achieved if 15–17 embryos were transferred (62.9%). Despite the fact that the precise substrains were only rarely defined, we confirmed that beside the number of transferred embryos, the genetic background of the donors had an influence on the success of embryo transfer. Significantly more embryos in a C57BL/6 background developed to term than embryos on a BALB/c background.
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Parwati, Ni Ketut Ayu Ratih Diyah, I. Nyoman Mangku Karmaya, and Yuliana . "Cleavage (Day 3) Vs Blastocyst (D5 and D6) Frozen Embryo Transfer." International Journal of Research and Review 11, no. 1 (January 30, 2024): 685–90. http://dx.doi.org/10.52403/ijrr.20240177.
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Objectives Knowledge about the success of the IVF program in frozen embryo transfer using cleavage stage (day 3) versus blastocyst stage (day 5 and day 6) is still limited. Several studies have found that embryo transfer at the blastocyst stage is more effective than at the cleavage stage. This study aimed to determine the quality of embryos after freezing-thawing and success rates on frozen embryo transfer on day 3 compared to day 5 and day 6. Materials and Methods: This retrospective case control analytic study included 157 participants aged below 40 years old who met our inclusion criteria between March 2018 to December 2022. Twenty-nine patients had day 3 frozen embryo transfers with a total of 65 frozen-thawed embryos, 110 patients had day 5 frozen embryo transfers with a total of 203 frozen-thawed blastocysts, and 18 patients had day 6 frozen embryo transfers with a total of 30 frozen-thawed blastocysts. Parameters were observed based on survival rate of embryos after freezing-thawing, number of embryo transfer per groups, pregnancy, implantation, miscarriages, intrauterine fetal death (IUFD), anembryonic pregnancy, and live birth rates. Results: There was no significant difference in survival rate of embryos after freezing-thawing among groups, however, pregnancy and implantation rates were significantly higher for day 5 frozen embryo transfer compared to those on day 3 and day 6 frozen embryo transfers. No significant differences were found in the miscarriage rate, IUFD, and live birth rate in the three groups. Keywords: day 3 frozen embryo transfer, day 5 and day 6 frozen embryo transfer, recovery embryos, pregnancy rate, implantation rate, live birth rate
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Dayal, Ram, and Kamla Singh. "Factors affecting the pregnancy outcome of in-vitro produced day 3 embryos: a retrospective cohort study of 467 patients." International Journal of Scientific Research in Modern Science and Technology 2, no. 5 (May 31, 2023): 01–09. http://dx.doi.org/10.59828/ijsrmst.v2i5.84.
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The purpose of this study is to evaluate several factors, such as transfer of fresh embryos & body mass index (BMI), frozen embryos, endometrium thickness, and transfer of self and donor embryos, on the pregnancy outcomes in North Indian patients. In this observational retrospective cohort study, we enrolled 500 patients who underwent infertility treatment that visited IRCC Hospital, Panchkula, Haryana, India between June 2017 to June 2020 was studied. Out of 500 patients, only 467 patients were selected (93.40%) and 33 patients were excluded (6.60%) from the study. Patients were distributed in fresh embryo transfer n=312 (66.80%) and frozen embryo transfer n = 155 (33.19%). They were divided into six groups of different age groups patients: fresh embryo transfer on day 3, correlation with grade-A and grade-B embryos; group (C-1), fresh embryo transfer on day 3, correlation with age and endometrium thickness; group (C-2), fresh embryo transfer on day 3, correlation of IVF pregnancy with age and BMI; group (C-3), frozen embryo transfer on day 3, correlation with age and endometrium thickness; group (C - 4), self-frozen embryo transfer on day 3, correlation with age and endometrium thickness; group (C-5), donor frozen embryo transfer on day 3, correlation with age and endometrium thickness; group (C-6). Of the six groups, the pregnancy rate was the lowest in the C-6 group (30.5%), while it was the highest in the C-5 group (65.2%). We also noticed that patients aged above 41 years have the lowest pregnancy rates; whereas, young patients had higher pregnancy rates. Conclusion: frozen self-embryo transfer seems to be the best choice for all maternal ages. Embryo transfers in this group might have low neonatal outcomes. In particular, frozen embryo transfers seem to benefit younger maternal age.
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Stafford-Bell, M. A., and C. M. Copeland. "Surrogacy in Australia: implantation rates have implications for embryo quality and uterine receptivity." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 13, no. 1 (2001): 99. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd00044.
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Since the passage, in November 1995, of the ACT Substitute Parents Agreement Act, The Canberra Fertility Centre has added a true gestational carrier pregnancy programme to its established infertility and IVF services. Embryos generated are transferred as frozen–thawed embryos to the carrier in an average of 2.2 embryos per transfer. Between 1 January 1996 and 31 December 1999 the results of 49 frozen embryo transfers to 25 gestational carriers were compared with 849 frozen embryo transfers on a routine IVF programme. In the carrier group, the embryo implantation rate of 13.8% per embryo transferred is double that of an exactly comparable group of patients undergoing routine frozen–thawed embryo transfer on the same IVF programme and considerably higher than those reported in large series of frozen–thawed embryo transfers. Exclusion from the carrier pregnancy programme of patients with incipient ovarian failure results in an implantation rate of 16.7%, a clinical pregnancy rate of 29.0% and a live birth rate of 19.4% per embryo transfer procedure.
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Singh, Preksha T., Shreyans D. Singhvi, Utkarsh Kachhia, Trishala Punjabi, Shital Punjabi, and Rajesh Punjabi. "Retrospective study of multiple factors imparting effect on pregnancy outcomes in an in-vitro-fertilization centre." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 6 (May 27, 2020): 2516. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20202340.
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Background: Assisted reproductive technology (ART) cycles include in vitro fertilization of the sperm and ovum and transferring the embryo formed into the uterus of the patients. In ART cycles, there is still a shroud of doubt regarding the pregnancy outcomes of embryo transfer on day 3 versus the embryo transfers on day 5 as well the better pregnancy outcome with fresh versus frozen embryo transfer and the number of embryos transferred. This study is aimed to evaluate these factors and study the way to optimize methods to obtain highest pregnancy outcomes.Methods: A retrospective study was performed of 87 patients who had undergone embryo transfers during the duration of the study from an IVF centre in Ahmedabad. Multiple factors were studied and the clinical outcome was tabulated. The pregnancy outcomes were compared using the values of beta- hcg (human chorionic gonadotropin). The data was compiled and analyzed using Google spreadsheets. To find the statistical difference between different factors- the statistical method of Fischer’s exact test and p-value was used.Results: No statistical difference between day 3 and day 5 embryo transfer as well as between frozen and fresh embryo transfer were both. All of them were found equally efficacious, although 3 and 5 number of embryo transfers were found efficacious.Conclusions: In conclusion authors recommend a day 5 embryo transfer with 3 or 5 embryos which are best-quality frozen or fresh embryos to achieve maximum pregnancy outcomes.
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Awadalla, Michael, Nicole Vestal, Lynda McGinnis, and Ali Ahmady. "Effect of Age and Morphology on Live Birth Rate After Cleavage Stage Embryo Transfer." Reproductive Sciences 28, no. 1 (July 9, 2020): 43–51. http://dx.doi.org/10.1007/s43032-020-00249-9.
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AbstractAccurate knowledge of the live birth rate for cleavage stage embryos is essential to determine an appropriate number of embryos to transfer at once. Results from previous studies lack details needed for practical use. This is a mathematical analysis and model building study of day 3 cleavage stage embryo transfers. A total of 996 embryos were transferred in 274 fresh and 83 frozen embryo transfers. Embryo morphology was divided into 4 groups based on number of cells and fragmentation percentage. Each embryo transfer was modeled as an equation equating the sum of the live birth rates of the transferred embryos to the number of live births that resulted. The least squares solution to the system of embryo transfer equations was determined using linear algebra. This analysis was repeated for ages 35 to 42 years old at oocyte retrieval. The best fit live birth rates per embryo in the age group centered on 35 years old were 29%, 13%, 10%, and 9% for embryos in the 8-cell with ≤ 5% fragmentation, 8-cell with > 5% fragmentation, 9–12 cell, and 6–7 cell groups, respectively. Cleavage stage embryos with fewer than 6 cells on day 3 had very low best fit live birth rates close to 0% at age 39 years and were excluded from the primary analysis to prevent overfitting. These live birth rates can be used with a simple embryo transfer model to predict rates of single and multiple gestation prior to a planned cleavage stage embryo transfer.
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Castro, A. S., J. Xu, D. C. Pereira, L. Ferre, N. Diaz, J. Moreno, and F. Du. "169 EMBRYO TRANSFER OF SEXED/VITRIFIED IVF EMBRYOS IN CATTLE: PREGNANCY COMPARISON AFTER SINGLE AND DOUBLE TRANSFERS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 243. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab169.
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Advancement in sperm sorting technology combined with vitrification of in vitro produced bovine embryos will promote cattle breeding and production. The objective of this study was to evaluate pregnancy and embryo loss after embryo transfer (ET) of sexed/vitrified embryos with one bilaterally (double transfer, 2 embryos) v. ipsilaterally (single transfer, 1 embryo) into the recipient. Bovine oocytes collected from slaughterhouse ovaries or ovum pickup were matured for 20-22 h, then subjected to IVF using Brackett and Oliphant BO procedures with sorted X-sperm, and cultured with our standard culture system. Expanded blastocysts with tight compaction of the inner cell mass (quality 1) were selected on Day 7 for cryopreservation via liquid nitrogen surface vitrification (LNSV; Xu et al. 2006 J. Dairy Sci. 89, 2510-2518). Embryo transfer was performed for 3 replicates in Navasota, Texas, in April 2009. Prior to ET, embryos were warmed and subsequently washed several times in warming, dehydration solution and base medium. Some of sexed/vitrified embryos were cultured for 3 days post-warming to determine the survivability. The treatments were as follows: (1) vitrified-single transfers, 1 embryo was transferred into the horn ipsilateral to CL; (2) vitrified-double transfers, 1 embryo was transferred into each uterine horn by nonsurgical transfer; and (3) fresh-single, 1 fresh embryo was transferred into the horn ipsilateral to CL (control) to a synchronous recipient on Day 7. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasound monitoring on Day 35, and palpation per rectum on Day 75 after transfer. The pregnancy data were analyzed by General Linear Model analysis (SPSS 11.0, SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). The survival rate of vitrified IVF embryos reached to as high as 97.6% (n = 42) 2 h post-warming, and hatching rate was 85.7% after 3 days culture in vitro. The data (Table 1) showed that there was no difference in Day 35 pregnancy rate among vitrified-double, vitrified-single, and fresh ET control groups. However, on Day 75 post-ET, there was a significantly higher fetal loss found in the vitrified-double transfer group (41.1%) compared to those of vitrified-single transfers (16.6%) and fresh-single group (11.9%) (P < 0.05). The pregnancy rate on Day 75 of 51.4% achieved with vitrified-single transfers was comparable to the 43.3% achieved with the fresh-single control transfers but was significantly higher than the 31.1% of the vitrified-double transfer group. This study demonstrated that double embryo transfers can aggravate high fetal loss and/or abortion when sexed IVF embryos are transferred, and ET with 1 sexed/vitrified embryo per recipient is sufficient to establish satisfactory pregnancy, comparable to that achieved with fresh embryos. Table 1.Pregnancy and fetal loss of sexed/vitrified bovine IVF embryos following single and double transfers Supported by USDA/CSREES-SBIR: 2006-03069 Phase II to F. Du.
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Pham, Hoang Huy, Anh Le, Tri Nguyen, Toan Pham, Tuong Ho, and Lan Vuong. "#48 : Blastocyst Versus Day-3 Embryo Transfers After In Vitro Maturation with Pre-Maturation Step (CAPA-IVM) in PCOS Patients." Fertility & Reproduction 05, no. 04 (December 2023): 411–12. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318223741978.
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Background and Aims: IVM combined with a pre-maturation step known as capacitation IVM (CAPA-IVM) improves the competence of in-vitro matured oocytes. According to our previous study, the current clinical practice of transferring day-3 embryos resulted in a live birth rate of 35.2% after the first frozen embryo transfer (FET) following CAPA-IVM. Advances in embryo culture systems have allowed us to extend the duration of embryo culture to blastocyst. There is a lack of data on blastocyst transfer following CAPA-IVM. The aim of this study is to compare the effectiveness of blastocyst versus day-3 embryo transfer after CAPA-IVM in PCOS patients. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at two infertility centers in Vietnam from 1 January 2018 to 28 February 2022. The study compared two groups of PCOSwomen who had frozen embryo transferred (FET) with CAPA-IVM. Group 1 had blastocyst transfer and Group 2 had day-3 embryo transfer. The couples made the final decision on the stage of embryos transferred. The inclusion criteria were women aged between 18-40 years and had freeze-all their embryos. The primary outcome was the live birth rate after the first FET. Results: Out of 275 eligible women for the study, 87 of themhad blastocyst transfer, and 188 had day-3 embryo transfer. The mean number of embryos transferred for blastocyst transfer and day-3 embryo transfer were 1.27 and 1.93, p < 0.001, respectively. Live birth rate after the first transfer was comparable between blastocyst and day-3 embryo transfers (34.5% vs. 37.8%, p=0.696, respectively). The blastocyst transfer group had a significantly lower multiple pregnancy rate as compared to day-3 embryo transfer group (4.6% vs. 18.0%; p=0.005, respectively). Conclusions: Blastocyst transfer had comparable live birth rate but lower multiple pregnancy rate to day-3 embryo transfer after the first FET following CAPA-IVM in PCOS women.
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Kontopoulos, Simopoulou, Zervomanolakis, Prokopakis, Dimitropoulos, Dedoulis, Grigorakis, et al. "Cleavage Stage versus Blastocyst Stage Embryo Transfer in Oocyte Donation Cycles." Medicina 55, no. 6 (June 20, 2019): 293. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/medicina55060293.
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Background and Objective: During the last few years, a trend has been noted towards embryos being transferred at the blastocyst stage, which has been associated with improved rates regarding implantation and clinical pregnancy in comparison to cleavage stage embryo transfers. There is a limited number of studies investigating this notion in oocyte donation cycles employing cryopreserved embryos. The aim of this study is to evaluate the implantation potential and clinical pregnancy rates between the day 3 cleavage stage and blastocyst stage embryo transfers in oocyte donation cycles employing vitrified embryos. Methods: This is a retrospective evaluation of oocyte donation frozen–thawed transfers completed in our clinic from January 2017 to December 2017. Intracytoplasmic sperm injection was conducted for all oocytes. Following fertilization, all embryos were cryopreserved either at the cleavage or blastocyst stage. Embryo transfer of two embryos was performed under direct sonographic guidance in all cases. Results: Our results confirmed a 55.6% clinical pregnancy (CP) resulting from day 3 embryo transfers, a 68.8% CP from day 5, and 71.4% CP from day 6. Significantly improved pregnancy rates were related to embryo transfers at the blastocyst stage when compared to cleavage stage transfers (68.9% and 55.6% respectively, p = 0.016). The risk with regards to multiple pregnancies was similar. Conclusion: Our findings indicate that in oocyte donation cycles employing vitrified embryos, embryo transfer at the blastocyst stage is accompanied with a significant improvement in pregnancy rates and merits further investigation.
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Aldemir, Oya, Runa Ozelci, Emre Baser, Iskender Kaplanoglu, Serdar Dilbaz, Berna Dilbaz, and Ozlem Moraloglu Tekin. "Impact of Transferring a Poor Quality Embryo Along with a Good Quality Embryo on Pregnancy Outcomes in IVF/ICSI Cycles: a Retrospective Study." Geburtshilfe und Frauenheilkunde 80, no. 08 (August 2020): 844–50. http://dx.doi.org/10.1055/a-1213-9164.
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Abstract Background The number and the quality of embryos transferred are important predictors of success in in vitro fertilization (IVF) cycles. In the presence of more than one good quality embryo on the transfer day, double-embryo transfer (DET) can be performed with these embryos, but generally, different quality embryos are present in the available transfer cohort. We aimed to investigate the effect of transferring a poor quality embryo along with a good quality embryo on IVF outcomes. Methods In this study, 2298 fresh IVF/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles with two good quality embryos (group A), one good and one poor quality embryo (group B), and single good quality embryo (group C) transfers were examined. All groups were divided into two subgroups according to the transfer day as cleavage or blastocyst stage. Clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were the primary outcomes. Results In the cleavage stage transfer subgroups, the clinical pregnancy rates were lower in the single-embryo transfer (SET) subgroup compared with DET subgroups, but the difference was not statistically significant compared with DET with mixed quality embryos. The live birth rates were comparable between the three groups. In the blastocyst transfer subgroups, the clinical pregnancy and live birth rates were significantly higher in DET with two good quality embryos than DET with mixed quality embryos and SET groups. Multiple pregnancy rates were higher in both DET groups in terms of transfer day (p = 0.001). Conclusion DET with mixed quality embryos results with lower clinical pregnancy and live birth rates compared with DET with two good quality embryos at the blastocyst stage. At cleavage stage transfer, there is no difference in live birth rates between the two groups.
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Terlouw, S. L., C. D. Bierman, D. L. Kohler, B. A. Didion, and J. R. Dobrinsky. "146 RELOCATION OF SWINE GENETICS USING EMBRYO TRANSFER." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 21, no. 1 (2009): 172. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv21n1ab146.
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Swine production requires a stable health status that can be compromised by introduction of live animals for genetic change. Our objective was to use embryo transfer to avoid disease transmission during genetic relocation. Forty genotype-specific (GS) donor females were scheduled for 3 sessions of embryo recovery at 6-week intervals using Altrenogest (Matrix®, Intervet, Millsboro, DE), 1250 IU of equine chorionic gonadotropin (eCG/PMSG; Sigma, St. Louis, MO) and 750 IU of human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG; Chorulon®, Intervet). Single-sire GS matings were made 34 h after Chorulon® injection. To accomplish single-sire transfers, color specific (CS) supplemental embryos were used to assist in maintenance of recipient pregnancy. The CS embryo donors and GS embryo recipients were synchronized with Matrix®, P.G. 600® (200 IU hCG, 400 IU PMSG, Intervet) and Chorulon®. Embryos from GS donors were surgically recovered on Day 5 post-insemination, washed per IETS recommendations using a zwitterion-buffered culture medium (PorcPro E-Blast, Minitube of America, Verona, WI) and transported in a portable incubator (Minitube of America) 2.5 h to the recipient herd. Embryos were surgically transferred into –24-h asynchronous recipients within 6 to 14 h after recovery. A total of 620 embryos were recovered from 65.2% (60/92) of GS matings, and 587 (59.4%) GS and 402 (40.6%) CS embryos were transferred into 63 recipients. On average, 9.3 GS and 6.4 CS embryos were transferred per recipient (15.7). A total of 33 GS embryos were discarded before transfer. To achieve a target of 17 embryos per transfer, 59 embryo transfers required CS embryos and 4 embryo transfers were only GS embryos. Fifty-three (84.1%) recipients were confirmed pregnant by ultrasound at 35 days of gestation. Of the 40 GS donors, one was culled for genetic reasons, 6 did not give transferable embryos, and 1 gave transferable embryos but the corresponding recipient returned to estrus for a total genetic transfer rate of 80% (32/40). After 3 sessions of embryo transfer, 32/33 (97%) GS donors that produced embryos for transfer were represented by a minimum of 1 pregnant recipient at 35 days of gestation; 17/32 GS donors were represented by a single pregnancy and 15/32 by multiple pregnancies. Sera from GS donors were evaluated for porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome (PRRSV) and porcine circovirus type 2 (PCV2) before each embryo recovery session. Serology results were negative for PRRS (0/98)) and positive for PCV2 in 27.5% (27/98) of GS donors. Embryo wash media from the last 2 washes from PCV2 positive GS donors producing embryos for transfer were pooled and evaluated for PCV2 after transfer; all samples (0/18) were negative for PCV2. In summary, zona pellucida-intact embryos were successfully used to relocate swine genetics from a donor herd into a recipient herd with no apparent health status change in the recipient herd.
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Scanavez, A. L. A., F. P. V. Pupim, G. R. Destro, L. O. Nunes, B. G. Alves, L. Z. Oliveira, and R. M. Santos. "182 MANAGING FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH PREGNANCY RATE OF HEIFER RECIPIENTS IN LARGE IN VITRO PRODUCED EMBRYO PROGRAMS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 22, no. 1 (2010): 249. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv22n1ab182.
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Large programs of in vitro embryo production have been developed in Brazil, but the results are very variable. The objective of this study was to evaluate managing factors that influence pregnancy rate of recipients in a large embryo transfer program. Results of 1104 embryo transfers performed from November 2008 to February 2009 by Transgen Desenvolvimento e Produção Agropecuária Ltda (Uberlˆndia, Minas Gerais, Brazil) were evaluated. Embryos produced in vitro were used: 1/2 Holstein/Gir embryos (n = 139) or 3/4 Holstein/Gir embryos (n = 961) produced from donors 1/2 Holstein/Gir and Gir with Holstein bull semen. Only excellent (grade 1) quality morulae (stage 4), early blastocysts (stage 5), mid- blastocysts (stage 6), or expanded blastocysts (stage 7) were assigned for fresh transfer using the International Embryo Transfer Society guideline for grading embryos. The heifer recipients were 1/2 crossbred Nelore/Simmental, in good health condition, 20 to 30 months of age, 330 to 400 kg of weight, and were maintained on pasture (Tifton) with mineral supplementation ad libitum. The recipients were synchronized as follows: Day 0-intravaginal device with 1.0 g of progesterone (PRIMER®, Tecnopec, São Paulo, SP, Brazil) +2 mg of estradiol benzoate (ESTROGIN®, Farmavet, São Paulo, SP, Brazil); Day 5-150 μg of D-Cloprostenol (PRELOBAN® Intervet, São Paulo, SP, Brazil) + 400IU of eCG (FOLLIGON®, Intervet); Day 8-progesterone device removed; Day 9-1 mg of estradiol benzoate. On Day 17, nonsurgical embryo transfers were performed by a trained technician and synchronization was confirmed by presence of a CL. The effects of the embryo breed, the number of transfers in each recipient (the heifers that failed to get pregnant were used in the next program), and the transfer sequence (i.e. 20 embryo transfers were performed per hour, and approximately 100 per day) on the pregnancy rate was analyzed by logistic regression with the LOGISTIC procedure of SAS (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, USA). The breed of embryo (56.9% for 3/4 Holstein/Gir embryos v. 62.6% for 1/2 Holstein/Gir embryos), the number of transfers in each recipient (first: 56.5% v. second: 61.8% v. third: 55.5% v. ≥fourth: 55.0%), and the transfer sequence during the day of the program (first hour: 57.4% v. second hour: 60.0% v. third hour: 58.1% v. ≥fourth hour: 53.8%) did not influence the pregnancy rate. Within the confines of an extensive embryo transfer program with in vitro produced fresh embryos, a large number of embryo transfers can be executed per day without adversely affecting the pregnancy rate if high-quality embryos are used, the transfers are performed by a trained technician, and recipients are in good health condition and synchronized.
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Kadioglu, Nezaket, İnci Kahyaoğlu, İskender Kaplanoğlu, Serdar Dilbaz, and Yaprak Engin Üstün. "Evaluation of Clinical Outcomes after Poor-Quality Embryo Transfer and Prognostic Parameters." Journal of Clinical Medicine 12, no. 19 (September 27, 2023): 6236. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/jcm12196236.
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We aimed to investigate the clinical results following poor-quality embryo transfer and the parameters to foresee the prognosis. In this study, 2123 cycles that had day 3 and day 5 single-fresh embryo with poor-quality embryo transfers and good-quality embryo transfers were compared. The cycles according to transfer day were evaluated by conducting a subgroup analysis. The correlation between all the obtained demographic characteristics, controlled ovarian stimulation parameters, and cycle results were analysed. Clinical pregnancy was established in 53 patients that underwent transfer in the poor-quality embryo group (14.9%). Of these patients, 36 had live birth (live birth rate per clinical pregnancy 67.9%). In cleavage-stage embryos, live birth rates per clinical pregnancy were higher in poor-quality blastocyst transfer. When analysing the factors affecting live births in the poor-quality embryo group, as the total gonadotropin dose increases, the probability of live birth decreases, as in the probability of hCG positivity. In conclusion, although the probability of pregnancy is low, when clinical pregnancy is established, there is a high chance of having a live birth after poor-quality embryo transfers. This could be regarded as an acceptable option in cycles when only poor-quality embryos are available.
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Tanaka, Atsushi, Motoi Nagayoshi, Yasuho Yanagihara, Izumi Tanaka, Takako Akahoshi, Megumi Araki, Nao Urabe, Akihiro Tanaka, and Tatsuya Sato. "Wisdom of Freezing All Valuable Embryos." Fertility & Reproduction 03, no. 04 (December 2021): 136–42. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s2661318221500201.
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Background: It is controversial whether that “Freeze-only” strategy is superior to Fresh embryo transfer in ART patients with normal ovarian response. There are two reasons supporting a “Freeze-only” strategy. One is that frozen-thawed embryos are transferred to a more physiologically receptive endometrium. While fresh embryos are transferred to a badly affected one because of controlled-ovarian stimulations, which cause the discordant development of the endometrium, when thawed-frozen embryos are transferred in a subsequent cycle the endometrium is not affected by high estrogen levels. The other reason is the big difference in cryopreservation and stimulation techniques. Methods: We investigated the annual ART reports in Japan from 1992 to 2018, and our clinical outcomes of frozen-thawed embryo transfers and fresh embryo transfers from 2015 to 2019. This enabled the assessment of the survival rate of frozen blastocyst by Cryotop safety kit after thawing in four different clinics. We compared the outcomes of frozen embryo transfer (FroET) to fresh embryo transfer. Results: The proportion of birth in Japan in the study interval found that FroET was responsible for 86.7% of births, compared to 13.3% of births resulting from fresh embryo transfers after IVF or intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI). Clinical outcome of FroET in our clinic was significantly higher than that of fresh embryo transfer regardless of maternal age and number of collected oocytes. Average survival rate of frozen blastocyst by Cryotop safety kit after thawing in four clinics was over 95%. Conclusions: We believe that “Freeze-only high-quality blastocysts” is superior to fresh embryo transfer in terms of clinical outcome, at least when compared to historical results.
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Singh, Neeta, Garima Patel, Monika Saini, and Ankita Sethi. "Transfer or not to transfer? a medical dilemma." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 11, no. 9 (August 29, 2022): 2569. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20222335.
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Morphological assessment predominantly determines the quality of embryos although, several methods are available for it. Dilemma to transfer arises when clinicians are left with mere poor grade embryos. This case report encompasses a case of 37 years primary infertile female managed with GnRH antagonist cycle for tubal factor infertility. Post ovarian stimulation and ovum pickup, only two 4 celled grade-C embryos were available for transfer. Reluctantly the embryo was transferred, but fortunately resulted in a healthy live intrauterine pregnancy. This case report questions the aptness of the current methods to determine embryo quality and also enlightens whether the ethical or medical conundrum holds true regarding relation between embryo quality and chances of a fruitful pregnancy.
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Catt, J., T. Wood, M. Henman, and R. Jansen. "172ELECTIVE SINGLE EMBRYO TRANSFER (ESET) IN HUMANS DOES NOT AFFECT THE CHANCES OF A SUCCESSFUL PREGNANCY." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 208. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab172.
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Improvements in human IVF have led to increased pregnancy rates but at the expense of increasing twinning rates. Twins are a bad outcome for the offspring, parents and the healthcare system. An obvious solution to this is to transfer only one embryo and freeze the rest for potential further treatment. This study looked at the effect of doing this on the cumulative live birth rate (when the cryopreserved embryos were thawed and transferred). Patients less than 38 years of age presenting for IVF treatment and with more than two embryos suitable for transfer were offered the chance of transferring only one embryo (elective single embryo transfer, eSET) and freezing the rest. Those patients declining a single embryo transfer had two transferred and served as the controls. Patients not achieving a pregnancy returned for a frozen embryo transfer but were not restricted on the number transferred (to a maximum of two). Cumulative live birth rates were recorded over the ensuing two years. Statistical comparisons were made using paired chi-square tests. The live birth rates from the initial fresh transfer was 41% for eSET (41/111) and significantly higher (53%, P<0.05) for the two-embryo transfer group. These differences were eliminated when the frozen embryos were factored in, both groups rising to 61% of patients treated (68 and 172 live births, respectively). The twinning rate was significantly reduced (P<0.01) from 33% in the two-embryo transfer group to 6% (arising from 4 sets of twins in the frozen embryo transfers) in the eSET group. eSET in the fresh embryo transfer cycle does not affect the chances of a live birth and reduces the twinning rate at least fivefold. Currently, 70% of patients under the age of 38 are electing to have eSET.
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Aoki, S., S. Murano, M. Miyamura, S. Hamano, Y. Terawaki, O. Dochi, and H. Koyama. "168FACTORS AFFECTING ON EMBRYO TRANSFER PREGNANCY RATES OF IN VITRO-PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 206. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab168.
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The objective of this study was to analyze factors affecting the pregnancy rates after transfer of IVF-derived Japanese Black embryos. Holstein cows and heifers (n=7250) were selected as recipients, and embryo transfers were performed for 3yr (between 1998 and 2000). The IVM-IVF procedure was performed according to a method previously described (Hamano S and Kuwayama M 1993 Theriogenology 39, 703–712). IVF-derived embryos that developed into expanded blastocysts (grade 1, manual of IETS) after 7 to 8 days (insemination=Day 0) were used for this study. Some of these embryos were frozen in TCM-199 supplemented with 1.4M glycerol, 20% calf serum, and 0.25M sucrose. The embryos were seeded at −6°C, held at −6°C for 10min, and then cooled to −25°C at a rate of 0.33°Cmin−1. Frozen embryos were thawed in a 30 to 35°C water bath after 10s of air thawing. Fresh (n=3952) or frozen-thawed (n=3298) embryos were nonsurgically transferred to recipients on Days 6 to 9 of the estrous cycle. Data collected at the time of embryo transfer included recipient parity (cow or heifer), whether recipient estrus was natural or synchronized with PGF2α, cloprostenol or CIDR, methods of estrous confirmation (showing standing heat, rectal palpation of ovary without standing heat, or showing only mucous vulvular discharge), number of examinations of the CL by palpation per rectum (twice on the day before embryo transfer and the day of embryo transfer, or once on the day of embryo transfer), type of embryos (fresh or frozen), and day of the estrous cycle at the time of embryo transfer. CATMOD procedures of SAS were used to determine the factors affecting the pregnancy rate. Overall pregnancy rates were 37.3% (n=2704). Whether recipient estrus was natural or synchronized and the type of embryos did not influence the pregnancy rates. Heifers had significantly higher pregnancy rates than cows (44.0% v. 33.0%, respectively, P<0.05). Pregnancy rates among the subset of heifers and cows showing standing heat were significantly higher than those showing only mucous vulvular discharge (39.5% v. 33.5%, respectively, P<0.05). Examining the CL twive had a significantly higher pregnancy rate than did a single examination of the CL (41.1% v. 35.6%, respectively, P<0.05). Pregnancy rate on Day 8 (38.4%, 1358/3533) of the estrous cycle at the time of embryo transfer was significantly higher than on Days 6 (27.7%, 23/83) and 7 (36.2%, 1235/3408) (P<0.05), and the pregnancy rate on Day 6 of the estrous cycle at the time of embryo transfer tended to be lower than on Day 9 (38.9%, 88/226) (P<0.08). These results demonstrate that confirming standing heat, performing CL examination twice before embryo transfer, freezing high quality embryos, and performing embryo transfers on Day 8 resulted in an improved pregnancy rate for the transfer of IVF-derived embryos.
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Lamas, Sofia, Filipa Franquinho, Marlene Morgado, João R. Mesquita, Fátima Gärtner, and Irina Amorim. "C57BL/6J and B6129F1 Embryo Transfer: Unilateral and Bilateral Transfer, Embryo Number and Recipient Female Background Control for the Optimization of Embryo Survival and Litter Size." Animals 10, no. 8 (August 14, 2020): 1424. http://dx.doi.org/10.3390/ani10081424.
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Embryo transfer (ET) is a common procedure in rodent facilities. Optimizing this technique may help to reduce the number of animals, but little information is available regarding wild type strains and the conditions that affect embryo transfer. To explore this theme, 2-cell C57BL/6J embryos were transferred after overnight culture of freshly collected zygotes using different conditions: unilateral transfers using a total of 6, 8, 12, 15, 20 and 25 embryos were performed initially; then, this strain was also used for bilateral transfers using a total of 6, 12 and 20 embryos equally divided by the two oviducts. Groups of 25 embryos were not tested for the bilateral technique, since this condition produced the lower success rate when using the unilateral technique and 20 embryos would still represent a large number of embryos. A group of 2-cell B6129F1 embryos was also transferred using unilateral and bilateral ET with 6, 12 and 20 embryos. Crl:CD1(ICR) were used as recipient females for non-reciprocal transfers and C57BL/6J were used to test reciprocal transfers (only tested for six C57BL/6J unilateral transfers). Unilateral transfers using C57BL/6J mice produced higher success rates using six embryos, compared to the other groups transferred unilaterally (p-values between 0.0001 and 0.0267), but the mean number of pups per litter was not different among groups. Bilateral transfer produced higher number of pups when 20 embryos were divided by the two oviducts compared to six (p = 0.0012) or 12 (p = 0.0148) embryos, but with no differences in success rates. No statistical differences were found between the groups of B6129F1, but better results were obtained on bilateral transfers using a total of six embryos. For the strain tested (C57BL/6J), the uterine environment (Crl:CD1(ICR) or C57BL/6J recipient) does not impact the outcome of the technique. These results complement previous work published using genetically engineered mice strains and show that unilateral transfers using low number of embryos (6), produce better outcomes when compared to bilateral or unilateral transfers using more embryos. It also highlights differences between the outcome of bilateral transfers in the two strains tested. A set of historical data of genetically engineered mice at a C57BL/6J background was also included, confirming that lower embryo numbers are related to higher success rates. Together, the outcome of these experiments can be important to reduce the number of recipient and donor females, optimize embryo transfers and improve animal welfare discouraging the use of a more invasive technique.
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Mahabir, E., A. Mayer, S. Marschall, M. Hrabe de Angelis, and J. Schmidt. "179IMPORTANCE OF EMBRYO TRANSFERS IN TRANSGENIC MOUSE FACILITIES." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab179.
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With the increasing demand for and production of transgenic and mutant mice for biomedical research, embryo transfer plays a paramount role. The purpose of performing embryo transfer in this species is to generate transgenic mice via blastocyst injection of embryonic stem cells or pronuclear injection of DNA constructs, to revitalize cryopreserved sperm and embryos, and to generate mouse lines that meet specific pathogen-free health standards for breeding in barrier areas (rederivation). We present results from two years of carrying out embryo transfers for rederivation purposes in the large mouse breeding facility of the GSF—National Research Center for Environment and Health, Neuherberg, Germany. Pathogens to be eradicated from inbred transgenic (C57BL/6 background) and mutant (C3H background) mouse lines included mouse hepatitis virus, mouse minute virus, and mouse parvovirus. In vitro- and in vivo-produced two-cell embryos were washed 3 times in M2 medium. A total of 20 embryos each were transferred to the oviduct of 8- to 12-week-old specific pathogen-free pseudopregnant (Day 0.5) Swiss recipients under aseptic conditions. Mice were then kept singly in individually ventilated cages and manipulated in a Class II laminar flow hood. From each transfer to one to five recipients with embryos originating from the same mouse line, one recipient was tested for the presence of microorganisms 6 to 12 weeks after embryo transfer, i.e. at 0 to 6 weeks after weaning, according to the FELASA (Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations) Guidelines. A total of 290 embryo transfers were performed for revitalization of cryopreserved sperm from 52 mouse lines, cryopreserved two-cell embryos from 18 mouse lines and rederivation of 12 mouse lines using freshly collected two-cell embryos. From these 290 embryo transfers, 59 mouse lines were re-established (40 from cryopreserved sperm, 7 from cryopreserved embryos and 12 from in vivo-produced embryos). Health monitoring of 54 recipients showed that all mouse lines generated were free of all pathogens stated in the FELASA list. The results presented here show that all 12 (100%) mouse lines were re-established after transfer of freshly collected two-cell embryos whereas 77% and 39% success rates were observed for revitalization of cryopreserved sperm and embryos, respectively. The success of embryo transfer in eradicating pathogens depends on the inability of these pathogens to transverse the zona pellucida and enter and/or infect embryonic cells. In our mouse facility, embryo transfer provided an efficient method to successfully revitalize cells of the mouse germ line as well as to eradicate prevalent murine pathogens. Furthermore, the results demonstrate the efficiency of transferring embryos of different origins and thereby obtaining and maintaining specific pathogen-free health standards in our mouse colonies.
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Catt, JW, JP Ryan, IL Pike, C. O'Neill, and DM Saunders. "Clinical intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) results from Royal North Shore Hospital." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 7, no. 2 (1995): 255. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd9950255.
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The technique of intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) was first introduced to the Royal North Shore Hospital in April 1993 as part of a controlled study of 100 patient cycles in which sibling oocytes were inseminated by either subzonal insemination (SUZI) or ICSI. This trial showed direct sperm injection to be superior in terms of fertilization. In that study, 58 embryo transfers of 101 ICSI-derived embryos resulted in 10 pregnancies. No miscarriages have occurred and a total of 10 fetal hearts (9.8% per embryo transferred) were detected on ultrasound. There have been 10 deliveries of 10 babies. Since the beginning of 1994, intracytoplasmic injection has been used exclusively for patients requiring micromanipulation to achieve fertilization. There have been 200 patient cycles with 1650 oocytes collected (8.8 oocytes per cycle). Of these oocytes, 1548 were mature (94%) and were subjected to ICSI, and normal fertilization occurred in 874 (56%) of the injected oocytes. The number of oocytes which cleaved and were suitable for fresh transfer or cryopreservation was 818 (94%). There have been 153 fresh embryo transfers of 326 embryos. Twenty-six pregnancies (17% per embryo transfer) have resulted, 22 of which proceeded to ultrasound examination in which 23 fetal hearts were detected (7% per embryo transferred). Three miscarriages have occurred, leaving 19 ongoing pregnancies. There have been 127 cryopreservation procedures involving 492 embryos. To date, there have been 47 embryo thaw cycles, and 93 of the 115 (81%) thawed embryos survived and were transferred. These 47 embryo transfers resulted in 10 pregnancies (21% per embryo transfer), one of which one has miscarried.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
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Kjelland, Michael E., Ben Novak, Alice Blue-McLendon, Salvador Romo, and Duane C. Kraemer. "Manipulating the Avian Egg: Applications for Embryo Transfer, Transgenics, and Cloning." Avian Biology Research 10, no. 3 (August 2017): 146–55. http://dx.doi.org/10.3184/175815617x14951979279268.
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In vitro production of germline chimeras and avian cloning may utilise the transfer of avian embryos from their original eggshell to a surrogate eggshell for culture during incubation. Such embryo transfer is valuable for avian cloning as the only alternative would be to transfer the cloned avian embryos into the infundibulum of recipient birds. Given the advances in paleogenomics, synthetic biology, and gene editing, a similar approach might be used to generate extinct species, i.e. de-extinction. One objective of the present research was to examine if ratite eggs could be manipulated via windowing and sham injection, similar to that which could allow for avian genome manipulation and subsequent development. The efficiency of interspecific avian embryo transfer using Chicken ( Gallus gallus domesticus) donor eggs and Turkey ( Meleagris gallopavo) recipient eggshells was also investigated. Egg windowing and embryo transfer techniques utilised in the present research were adapted from those found in the scientific literature. Presumed fertile eggs from Rhode Island Red ( n = 40), Silkie ( n = 2), and White Leghorn Chickens ( n = 18), Turkey ( n = 48), Emu ( Dromaius novaehollandiae) ( n = 79), and Ostrich ( Struthio camelus) ( n = 89) were used in this research. Of the 41 Chicken eggs used for transfers into recipient Turkey eggshells, only one (2.4%) produced a chick. Of 31 windowed Emu eggs, one embryo survived for 25 d but no chicks were produced. Of 36 windowed Ostrich eggs, one embryo survived and hatched. The efficiency of the windowing and embryo transfers to produce chicks was low and further refinements are needed. Importantly, the results herein establish that manipulating ratite embryos is possible.
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Gerris, Jan. "Single-embryo transfer versus multiple-embryo transfer." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 18 (January 2009): S63—S70. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)60451-8.
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Tecirlioglu, R. Tayfur, Melissa A. Cooney, Ian M. Lewis, Natasha A. Korfiatis, Renee Hodgson, Nancy T. Ruddock, Gábor Vajta, et al. "Comparison of two approaches to nuclear transfer in the bovine: hand-made cloning with modifications and the conventional nuclear transfer technique." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 5 (2005): 573. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rd04122.
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The aim of the present study was to compare the in vitro and in vivo developmental competence of hand-made cloning (HMC) embryos with the conventional nuclear transfer (NT) method using five somatic cell lines and in vitro-fertilised (IVF; control) embryos. Modifications to the HMC procedure included fusion efficiency optimisation, effect of cytoplasmic volume and cloned embryo aggregation. The developmental competence of blastocysts from each of the treatment groups and cell lines used was assessed following transfer to 345 recipients. Vitrification was also used to enable management of recipient resources and to assess the susceptibility of membranes to cryopreservation following zona removal. Increasing cytoplasmic volume to 150% or aggregating two embryos improved the blastocyst development rate and increased the total cell number. Although HMC embryo transfers established a significantly higher pregnancy rate on Day 30 than fresh IVF or NT embryo transfers, the overall outcome in terms of cloned live births derived from either fresh or vitrified/thawed HMC or NT embryo transfers across the five cell lines did not differ. The birth and continued survival of clones produced with HMC technology with equivalent efficiency to NT shows that it can be used as an alternative method for the generation of cloned offspring in the bovine.
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PABUÇCU, Emre Göksan, and Recai PABUÇCU. "Fresh vs Frozen Embryo Transfer." Türk Üreme Tıbbı ve Cerrahisi Dergisi 1, no. 1 (2017): 54–58. http://dx.doi.org/10.24074/tjrms.2016-54243.
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Anitha, Adaboina, and Burri Sandhya Rani. "Comparison of fresh and frozen thawed embryo transfer in terms of clinical pregnancy rate." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 9, no. 2 (January 28, 2020): 607. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20200345.
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Background: In a standard IVF (in-vivo fertilization) procedure, the embryos formed after the fertilization of male and female gametes are allowed to grow for 3-5 days and then transferred back to the uterine cavity of the female, where they might get attached and start to grow. Objective of this study was to compare clinical pregnancy rate of fresh embryo transfers and frozen-thawed embryo transfers.Methods: This is a retrospective case control study in patients undergoing IVF /ICSI cycles from January 2018 to December 2018 were enrolled in assisted reproduction. Total of 200 women which contains 118 fresh embryo transfers and 82 frozen-thawed embryo transfers are studied.Results: Clinical pregnancy rates of fresh cleavage-stage embryo transfers compared with frozen-thawed cleavage-stage embryo transfers, were (53.3% versus 39.6%). Ectopic pregnancy is also significant in comparison. In patients under 35 years of ages and (57.1% versus 12.5%). In patients older than 35 years old, respectively. The multiple pregnancy rates, abortion rates and ectopic pregnancy rates did not differ significantly among the groups. Multiple pregnancy rate and abortion rate is significantly high in frozen-thawed blastocyst transfer than fresh embryo transfer. Whereas the ectopic pregnancy rates had no difference in both groups.Conclusions: The clinical pregnancy rates in fresh embryo transfer is high than that of frozen-thawed blastocyst.
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Du, F. L., A. Dinnyes, L. Y. Sung, J. Xu, S. Jiang, C. X. Tian, and X. Yang. "174EMBRYO TRANSFER OF VITRIFIED IVF EMBRYOS IN CATTLE: PREGNANCY COMPARISON AFTER SINGLE AND DOUBLE TRANSFER." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 209. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab174.
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Advancement in vitrification of in vitro-produced bovine embryos will benifit the cattle breeding and production industry. The objective was to evaluate whether bilateral (double) embryo transfers (ET) can improve pregnancy rate compared to ipsilateral (single) transfers. Bovine cumulus-oocyte complexes collected from slaughterhouse ovaries were matured for 20–22h, and subsequently subjected to a standard Brackett and Oliphant in vitro fertilization (IVF). Six hours after IVF, embryos denuded of cumulus were cultured in defined CR1 medium supplemented with essential and non-essential amino acids (CR1aa), plus 6mgmL−1 BSA for 2 days at 39°C under 5% CO2, 5% O2 and 90% N2, and then cultured in CR1aa medium supplemented with 7.5% FBS for a further 5 days on bovine cumulus monolayers. Expanded blastocysts with tighter compaction of the inner cell mass (quality 1) were selected on Day 7 for cryopreservation via modified solid surface vitrification (Dinnyes et al., 2000 Biol. Reprod. 513–8). Vitrification solution contained HEPES-buffered TCM199 supplemented with 20% FBS, ethylene glycol and dimethylsulphoxide. A droplet of 1–2μL vitrification solution containing 4–5 blastocysts was dropped directly onto a cooled surface within 30s after 3-min incubation in equilibration solution. Prior to ET, embryos were warmed and subsequently washed several times in 0.25M sucrose rehydration solution and M199+7.5% FBS medium. The warmed embryos from initial trials were cultured for 2 to 72h to evaluate their viability after vitrification. During ET trails, vitrified embryos were loaded into transfer straws (one embryo per straw) after warming. The treatments were as following, (1) single transfers, one embryo was transferred into the horn ipslateral to CL; (2) double transfers, one embryo was transferred by non-surgical means into each uterine horn of a synchronous recipient on Day 7. ET trails were conducted in both the USA (double transfers) and China (single v. double transfers). Pregnancy was determined by palpation per rectum around Day 70 after transfer. The data were compared by Student’s t-test. The survival rate of vitrified IVF embryos reached as high as 91.4% (n=256) 2h post-warming, and hatching rate was 70.7% (n=154) 72h after culture in vitro, respectively. The data (Table 1) show that double transfers resulted in a significantly higher pregnancy rate than did single transfers (P<0.05). With double transfers, a higher pregnancy rate was achieved in the USA than in China (76.2% v. 45.6%, P=0.079). This study confirms that double embryo transfers can improve the pregnancy outcome after ET, perhaps because bilateral placement of embryos may increase embryonic signals to the maternal environment. Further evaluation of gestation length, single/twin conception and calving difficulty is under investigation. Table 1 Pregnancy rate (Day 70) of vitrified bovine IVF embryos following single and double transfer
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Terlouw, S. L., S. Ewerling, B. A. Didion, and J. R. Dobrinsky. "149 LAPAROSCOPIC EMBRYO TRANSFER IN PIGS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 20, no. 1 (2008): 155. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv20n1ab149.
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In an effort to optimize the number of live offspring from cloned and transgenic pig embryos, embryos are surgically transferred into the isthmus region of the oviduct soon after micromanipulation. Surgical embryo transfer in pigs is successful but still an invasive process. Laparoscopic embryo transfer (Besenfelder et al. 1997 Theriogenology 47, 1051–1060) is much less invasive than surgery and is more adaptable to a variety of commercial embryo transfer conditions. Our goal was to develop the use the laparoscope as an alternative method of embryo transfer for micromanipulated embryos. Naturally cycling maternal white line donor and recipient females were used for laparoscopic embryo transfer. Donors were selected to be in estrus 0 to 24 h before recipients. Two- to four-cell embryos were surgically recovered via mid-ventral laparotomy and immediately prepared for laparoscopic transfer into the oviduct through the infundibulum or through puncture of the oviduct into the ampulla. Sixty-nine embryos (range, 13–20) were transferred into the oviduct via the infundibulum of four recipients. Two recipients farrowed (50%), one recipient spontaneously aborted on Day 27, and one returned to estrus on Day 25 of the estrous cycle. Twenty-one pigs were born (10.5 pigs/farrowed sow) resulting in 30% (21/69) of transferred embryos becoming live offspring. Ninety-seven embryos (range, 10-21) were transferred into the ampulla of the oviduct of six recipients. Four recipients farrowed (67%) and 2 returned to estrus on Day 20 and Day 28. Thirty-nine pigs were born (9.5/sow farrowed) resulting in 39% (38/97) of transferred embryos becoming live offspring. Observations indicate that it is much easier to find the oviduct and deliver embryos via puncture into the ampulla than find and insert the transfer catheter into the infundibulum. Using the efficiencies generated from these data, 1.1 more pigs can be expected per transfer by transferring embryos to the oviduct via puncture than into the oviduct via the infundibulum. These data demonstrate the effective use of the laparoscope for oviductal embryo transfer. Further work is needed to determine if the laparoscope improves the production of live offspring compared to surgical embryo transfer.
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Hong, Yeon Hee, Jang Mi Lee, Seul Ki Kim, Hye Won Youm, and Byung Chul Jee. "Associations of post-warming embryo or blastocyst development with clinical pregnancy in vitrified embryo or blastocyst transfer cycles." Clinical and Experimental Reproductive Medicine 47, no. 2 (June 1, 2020): 140–46. http://dx.doi.org/10.5653/cerm.2019.03321.
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Objective: To investigate whether the degree of post-warming embryo or blastocyst development is associated with clinical pregnancy in vitrified embryo or blastocyst transfer cycles.Methods: Ninety-six vitrified cleavage-stage embryos and 58 vitrified blastocyst transfer cycles were selected. All transfer cycles were performed from February 2011 to March 2019, and all vitrified embryos or blastocysts were warmed from 4 PM to 6 PM and then transferred the next morning from 9 AM to 10 AM. The scores of the cleavage-stage embryos and blastocysts were assessed at warming and at transfer using the modified Steer method and the Gardner method, respectively. The mean embryo or blastocyst score, score of the single top-quality embryo or blastocyst, and the difference in the score between warming and transfer were compared between nonpregnant and pregnant women.Results: In the cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles, both the top-quality embryo score at transfer and the difference in the score between warming and transfer were significantly associated with clinical pregnancy. A top-quality embryo score at transfer of ≥60.0 (area under the curve [AUC], 0.673; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.531–0.815) and a difference in the score between warming and transfer of ≥23.0 (AUC, 0.675; 95% CI, 0.514–0.835) were significant predictors of clinical pregnancy. In blastocyst transfer cycles, the top-quality blastocyst score at transfer was the only significant factor associated with clinical pregnancy. A top-quality blastocyst score at transfer of ≥38.3 was a significant predictor of clinical pregnancy (AUC, 0.666; 95% CI, 0.525–0.807).Conclusion: The top-quality embryo score at transfer and the degree of post-warming embryo development were associated with clinical pregnancy in vitrified cleavage-stage embryo transfer cycles. In vitrified blastocyst transfer cycles, the top-quality blastocyst score at transfer was the only significant factor affecting clinical pregnancy.
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Albu, Dragos, Alice Albu, Romina Marina Sima, Mircea Octavian Poenaru, Adrian Neacsu, Oana Toader, Radu Chicea, and Liana Ples. "The Corelation Between Serum Estradiol (C23H32O3) Impact on Selected Biomarkers and Outcome of Fresh Embryo Transfer in Comparison with Freeze All Strategy in in vitro Fertilisation Patients." Revista de Chimie 71, no. 7 (August 4, 2020): 419–24. http://dx.doi.org/10.37358/rc.20.7.8259.
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In stimulated cycles the endometrium could be more advanced than the embryos, with a possible negative impact on their implantation capacity. Therefore, there is an ongoing debate regarding the best transfer strategy: freeze-all versus fresh embryos transfer. Our study aimed to analyse if the frozen only embryos-transfer strategy for in vitro fertilisation (IVF) has higher clinical pregnancy rate (CPR) than the traditionally fresh transfer. We performed a retrospective study in a private centre of reproductive medicine. We included only patients who performed fresh embryo transfers (n=245) and patients with all the embryos frozen and then transferred into a non-stimulated cycle (n=117). The reasons for delayed transfer were an increased risk of ovarian hyperstimulation syndrome or the increase of late follicular phase serum progesterone level. The mean age of the study group was 34.33�b4.28 years and mean AMH was 3.68�b3.56 ng/mL. Patients with fresh transfer were significantly older (p[0.0001) and obtained significantly lower number of oocytes at egg retrieval (p[0.0001) and lower zygotes number (p[0.0001) in comparison with patients with frozen transfer. After adjustment for confounders, CPR was significantly higher in patients with fresh transfer in comparison with those with frozen transfer in total group (OR 2.7, p=0.001) and in patients with cleavage stage embryo transfer (OR 6, p=0.008), but not in patients with blastocyst transfer. Similarly, the implantation rate was significantly higher in total group and in both subgroups (p[0.0001). Our study shows that the freeze all strategy should not be performed in all the patients, being inferior to fresh transfer in the total study group and cleavage stage embryo transfers. The decision to transfer frozen embryos should take into account the availability of blastocysts for transfer and the risk benefit profile.
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van Wagtendonk-De Leeuw, A. M., A. Pugh, W. McMillan, J. Hepburn, B. Peachey, S. Hagenson, K. Cockrem, A. Marsh, H. Voges, and Z. Xu. "185ASSESSMENT OF VIABILITY OF IN VITRO PRODUCED BOVINE EMBRYOS BY TRIPLE AND SINGLE TRANSFER." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 16, no. 2 (2004): 214. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv16n1ab185.
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Factors that affect the viability of in vitro-produced (IVP) embryos are usually evaluated by comparing pregnancy rates of a treatment and a control group. The ‘er’ model of embryo survival (McMillan WH et al., 1998 Theriogenology 50, 1053–1070) utilizes twin embryo transfer to estimate embryo (‘e’) and recipient (‘r’) contributions to embryo survival, and allows the comparison of treatment effects without using a control group, when treatment is the only change in operations. Application of the model to data of contemporaneous single and twin transfer indicates that ‘e’ and ‘r’ are independent of the number of embryos transferred. Thus, twin transfers enable the efficient use of costly recipients while providing meaningful estimates of single embryo survival rates. The objective of this study was to assess the embryo survival rates of fresh IVP embryos of a newly established IVP lab by applying the model to triple transfers and comparing the expected embryo survival rates with those achieved for single transfers. Cumulus-oocyte complexes (COCs) were aspirated from abattoir-derived ovaries of cows of unknown breeds or by ovum pick-up (OPU) from Holstein-Friesian 2- or 3-yr-old donor cows. COCs were matured in 500μL of TCM199+10% FCS (Life Technologies, Auckland, NZ), 10μgmL−1 FSH and LH (ICPBio, Auckland, NZ), 1μgmL−1 estradiol (Sigma, Auckland, NZ), 100μM cysteamine (Sigma) for 24h under 5% CO2 and then fertilized with 1×106 percoll-separated sperm mL−1 from a single bull (Tervit HR and Pugh PA, 2000 14th ICAR 18, 37(abst)). Twenty-four h after insemination, presumptive zygotes were transferred into 500μL mSOF (Pugh A et al., 2001 Theriogenology 55, 314 (abst)) and cultured for 4 days under humidified 5% CO2, 7% O2 and 88% N2. On Day 4, cleaved embryos were transferred into fresh culture medium and culture continued for a further 3 days under the same conditions. Embryo stage and grade were evaluated on Day 7 of culture. Grades 1, 2 and 3 (IETS manual, 2002) compact morulae and blastocysts produced from abattoir-derived COCs were transferred in triplets, while grades 1 and 2 compact morulae and blastocysts from OPU-derived COCs were transferred singly, in 0.25mL insemination straws into synchronized Holstein-Friesian heifers. Recipients received a CIDR (CIDR Cattle Insert, Pharmacia, Auckland, NZ) at Day −12 followed by a prostaglandin (Estroplan, Parnell Laboratories, Auckland, NZ ) injection at Day −6. CIDRs were removed at Day −2, followed by estrus at Day 0 (= day of IVF). Embryos were transferred on Day 7 and recipients received a CIDR after transfer (ET). CIDRs were removed at Day 19 to synchronize any returns. Two experienced practitioners performed all the transfers. Pregnancies (single transfers) and number of live fetuses (triple transfers) were confirmed at Days 60 and 42, respectively. Pregnancies were terminated between Days 62 and 65 by two prostaglandin injections 48h apart. A total of 76 single transfers resulted in 36 pregnancies (47.4%, binomial SD 5.7%). A total of 75 triple transfers (225 embryos) resulted in 98 viable fetuses (44%) and 58 pregnant recipients (77.3%). For triple transfers, the estimates for ‘e’ and ‘r’ were 0.50 and 0.89, respectively, with the product yielding an expected triple embryo survival rate of 44.1%. The actual distribution of 17, 23, 30 and 5 recipients carrying 0, 1, 2, or 3 fetuses, respectively, was not significantly different from the expected values of 16, 25, 25 and 8 estimated from the model (chi-square=2.49, NS). Estimates for ‘e’ and ‘r’ were not significantly different when combined single and triple data were included in the model (‘e’=0.55 and ‘r’=0.90), indicating that embryo survival is independent of the number of embryos transferred. Results indicate that multiple transfers do increase pregnancy rate (from 47.4 to 77.3%), but not embryo survival posttransfer (44.1 v. 47.4%). Although single ET was done with OPU-derived embryos and triple with slaughterhouse-derived embryos and results are not strictly comparable, the similarity of estimates for ‘e’ suggests that using the same in vitro-embryo assessment criteria resulted in embryos of similar intrinsic viability from the two sources. In the near future, we will perform triple transfers of cryopreserved IVP embryos and use the model to estimate embryo and recipient contributions to embryo survival of frozen IVP embryos, without using a fresh control. We will continue to build a dataset based on triple and single transfers to further assess the effect on embryo survival rates of triple and single transfers.
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Kingsland, Charles R. "Embryo transfer." Human Fertility 12, no. 4 (October 6, 2009): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.3109/14647270903272101.
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Coulthard, H. "Embryo transfer." Veterinary Record 130, no. 10 (March 7, 1992): 211. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/vr.130.10.211-a.
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JONES, HOWARD W. "Embryo Transfer." Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences 442, no. 1 In Vitro Fert (May 1985): 375–80. http://dx.doi.org/10.1111/j.1749-6632.1985.tb37542.x.
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Ingamells, Susan. "Embryo Transfer." Obstetrician & Gynaecologist 11, no. 2 (April 2009): 153. http://dx.doi.org/10.1576/toag.11.2.153a.27493.
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Bo, G. A., L. C. Peres, D. Pincinato, M. de la Rey, and R. Tribulo. "207 INFLUENCE OF THE INTERVAL BETWEEN THAWING TO TRANSFER ON PREGNANCY RATES OF FROZEN - THAWED DIRECT-TRANSFER EMBRYOS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 220. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab207.
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An experiment was designed to evaluate the effect of the interval between thawing to deposition of the embryo into the uterine horn on pregnancy rates of in vivo-produced frozen–thawed embryos in 1.5 M ethylene glycol (direct transfer). Data were collected from 1122 embryo transfers performed in the same farm (Estancia El Mangrullo, Lavalle, Santiago del Estero, Argentina) during the spring and summer of 2004/05 and 2005/06 (6 replicates, ambient temperature between 20 and 40�C). Recipients used in all replicates were non-lactating, cycling, multiparous Bos taurus � Bos indicus crossbred cows with body condition score between 3 and 4 (1 to 5 scale) that were synchronized using fixed-time embryo transfer protocols. Briefly, the synchronization treatments consisted of the insertion of a Crestar ear implant (Intervet, Sao Paulo, Brazil) or a progesterone-releasing device (DIB; Syntex SA, Buenos Aires, Argentina), plus 2 mg of estradiol benzoate (EB; Syntex) intramuscularly (IM) on Day 0, and 400 IU of eCG (Folligon 5000; Intervet, or Novormon 5000; Syntex) IM plus 150 �g d-cloprostenol IM (Preloban; Intervet, or Ciclase; Syntex) on Day 5. Progestin devices were removed on Day 8 and all cows received 1 mg of EB IM on Day 9. All cows were examined by ultrasonography on Day 16 and those with a luteal area >76 mm2 (by calculating the area of the CL minus the area of the cavity) received, on Day 17, frozen–thawed embryos by nonsurgical transfer. All embryos were Grade 1, and all were frozen in 1.5 M ethylene glycol at the Embryo Plus Laboratory (Brits, South Africa). After being stored in liquid nitrogen, the embryos were plunged directly (no air thawing) in a 30�C water bath for 30 s, and then transferred to the recipient cows by either one of two technicians. Based on the interval between thawing and transfer, the transfers were classified as being in one of 3 groups: Group 1: <3 min; Group 2: 3 to 6 min; and Group 3: 6 to 16 min. The main reason for delayed transfers beyond 6 min was the replacement of one recipient for another because of difficulty in threading the cervix (1% of the total transfers) or a recipient falling down into the chute or with very bad disposition and behavior. Pregnancy was determined by ultrasonography 28 to 35 days after fixed-time embryo transfer, and data were analyzed by logistic regression. There were no effects of replicate, technician, CL area, recipient body condition score, embryo stage, and time from thawing to transfer on pregnancy rates. Pregnancy rates in the 3 thawing to transfer intervals were: Group 1: 215/385, 55.8%; Group 2: 372/655, 56.8%; Group 3: 42/82, 51.2%; P > 0.6. These results may be interpreted to suggest that there is no significant effect of time from thawing to transfer (up to 16 min) in direct transfer embryos using Bos taurus � Bos indicus recipients transferred at a fixed time.
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Fischer-Brown, A., G. Barquero, S. Clark, C. Ferguson, F. Ireland, N. Jensen, S. Lane, et al. "159 TWIN vs. SINGLE TRANSFER OF IVP HOLSTEIN HEIFER EMBRYOS TO BEEF RECIPIENTS." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 17, no. 2 (2005): 230. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv17n2ab159.
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Use of sexed semen in conjunction with in vitro embryo production is a potentially efficient means of obtaining offspring of predetermined sex. Here we evaluate a production scheme involving single and bilateral twin transfer of Holstein female embryos to beef cattle recipients. Holstein oocytes were fertilized with the X-bearing fraction of gender-sorted Holstein semen. Cumulus cells were removed with aid of a vortex or microfluidic device (μFD). Half of the vortexed embryos were cultured in KSOMaaBSA (control), as were all μFD embryos. The remaining vortexed embryos were cultured in control medium with 6% avian white yolk (WY). Embryo production and transfer occurred across five replicates. Cows (n = 475) were synchronized using an Ovsynch protocol. They were administered GnRH on Day −9, PGF on Day −2, and GnRH on Day 0. Half of the cows received a CIDR (1.38 g progesterone) with the 1st GnRH injection. The CIDR was removed at the time of PGF treatment. Day 7 Grade 1 blastocysts were transferred fresh 7 days after the 2nd GnRH injection. Control and WY embryos were transferred as ipsilateral singles and bilateral twins; μFD embryos were transferred singly. Pregnancy was diagnosed with ultrasound between 41–46 days and confirmed between 60–90 days; fetal sexing confirmed that 95% of fetuses were female. Effects on embryo survival were analyzed by logistic regression. Chi-square analysis was applied to survival rates. Replication affected embryo survival (P < 0.05). There was no effect of cumulus removal, medium, or CIDR use. Fetal loss between ultrasounds was greater for twin vs. single transfers (30% vs. 15%, respectively; P < 0.01). Probability of embryo survival was estimated to increase ∼0.006 with each increasing day postpartum. Five cases of hydrallantois were detected during the 5th month of gestation for 1 control twin, 1 WY single, and 3 WY twin transfers, originating from 3 replicates. On a production per transfer basis, the proportion of fetuses obtained for single and twin transfers was 30% and 55%, respectively (P < 0.001). Although there was greater embryonic loss for twin compared to single transfers, a higher percentage of cows receiving twins established and maintained pregnancy. Large-scale transfer of IVP Holstein heifer embryos to beef recipients is a feasible production scheme. Table 1. Embryo survival and pregnancy rates
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Abdulkadim, Hind. "Advantage of day three over day two embryo transfer." Journal of Contemporary Medical Sciences 5, no. 3 (June 26, 2019): 145–48. http://dx.doi.org/10.22317/jcms.v5i3.608.
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Objectives: This study was done to compare embryo quality and pregnancy rate between day two and day three embryo transfer, the effect of extended culture on embryo development potential also analysed.
Methods: In a 18 month period extending from January 2014 to june 2015 all couples undergoing infertility treatment in the form of intracytoplasmic sperm injection whatever the cause and in whom fresh embryo transfer were done (258 cycle) were included in this prospective study. The patients classified into two groups according to the day of embryo transfer. The policy of transfer was uniform in both groups and the transfer was done according to patient criteria or the number of embryos available.
Results: the main outcome measures were embryo quality, embryo development potential and pregnancy rate. Our data suggest no significant statistical difference in pregnancy rate between day two and day three embryo transfer ( 42.9 versus 42.0% respectively P>0.05). The percentage of good quality embryos was slightly insignificantly higher in day two group than day three (86.03 vs. 84.7%, P>0.05). the percentage of slow growing embryos was significantly higher in those cultured for three days than those remain for just two days in vitro (15.9 vs. 23.3 , P<0.05) .
Conclusion: a similar pregnancy rate was obtained by doing embryo transfer on day two and day three after intracytoplasmic sperm injection in spite of slight regression in embryo quality and higher rate of developmental delay in cases of extended culture. So no advantage for day three over day two embryo transfer.
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Fan, Jiao, Yiping Zhong, and Cuina Chen. "Impacts of Anti-dsDNA Antibody on In Vitro Fertilization-Embryo Transfer and Frozen-Thawed Embryo Transfer." Journal of Immunology Research 2017 (2017): 1–6. http://dx.doi.org/10.1155/2017/8596181.
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Our purpose is to explore whether anti-dsDNA antibody, which was demonstrated to enter living cells and induced apoptosis, could adversely affect reproductive outcomes. A total of 259 women receiving the in vitro fertilization-embryo transfer (IVF) cycle were enrolled in this study, including 52 women with positive ANA and anti-dsDNA (ANA+/anti-dsDNA+ group), 86 women with positive ANA and negative anti-dsDNA (ANA+/anti-dsDNA− group), and 121 women with negative ANA and anti-dsDNA (ANA−/anti-dsDNA− group). 136 nonpregnant women among 259 patients in the IVF-ET cycle were enrolled in the hormone replacement therapy frozen-thawed embryo transfer (HRT-TET) cycle. We compared basic characters and IVF outcomes among three groups in fresh embryo transfer and frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle, respectively. The number of retrieved oocytes, available embryos, and high-quality embryos in the ANA+/anti-dsDNA+ group was lower than those in the other two groups in the fresh embryo transfer cycle. The rates of fertilization, implantation, and clinical pregnancy in the ANA+/anti-dsDNA+ group were the lowest, while the early miscarriage rate was the highest in the ANA+/anti-dsDNA+ group both in the fresh embryo transfer cycle and in the frozen-thawed embryo transfer cycle. Our data suggested that anti-dsDNA antibody may be the essential marker for defective oocytes or embryos in infertile women with any type of ANA.
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Anderson, Joel. "Bovine superovulation and embryo transfer – how to make babies!" American Association of Bovine Practitioners Conference Proceedings, no. 56 (May 10, 2024): 115–17. http://dx.doi.org/10.21423/aabppro20238870.
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Bovine embryo transfer technology is the pursuit of managing genetics for a more preferred calving outcome. This technology has allowed for great genetic advancements by increasing selection pressure or decreasing generation interval. Embryos can be derived by 2 methods. In-vivo embryo collection allows the donor dam to grow and develop the embryo. In-vitro produced embryos require fertilization and development of the embryo in a lab setting. This is a discussion of the concepts of embryo production and transfer. These methods have not changed drastically over the years; however, their application continues to evolve. Embryo transfer provides the opportunity to make more of the desired bovine babies.
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Coroleu, B., O. Carreras, M. Parriego, M. Boada, F. Martinez, and PN Barri. "Embryo transfer in biopsied embryo." Reproductive BioMedicine Online 16 (January 2008): s14. http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/s1472-6483(10)61334-x.
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Le, Thang, Thuy Nguyen, Quy Phan, Anh Phi, Phuong Giap, Huong Nguyen, and Hoang Le. "#105 : Single Day 5 Versus Day 6 Euploid Blastocyst Transfer: The Impact of Embryo Quality on Pregnancy Outcomes." Fertility & Reproduction 05, no. 04 (December 2023): 347. http://dx.doi.org/10.1142/s266131822374153x.
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Background and Aims: Selecting embryos with the highest implantation potential is crucial to in vitro fertilization (IVF) success. The day of biopsy, Day 5 (D5) or Day 6 (D6), and embryo quality have been suggested as influential factors in determining the clinical outcomes of single euploid blastocyst transfers. However, evidence supporting the superiority of D5 over D6 blastocysts remains inconclusive. This study aims to compare clinical outcomes following transfer of euploid blastocysts of varying quality biopsied on day 5 versus day 6. Methods: A retrospective cohort study was conducted at an Assisted Reproductive Center, analyzing 774 patients with Day 5 biopsies and 155 patients with Day 6 biopsies who underwent embryo transfer between January 2019 and February 2022. Results: The live birth rate was significantly lower in the euploid D6 group than in the euploid D5 group (38.71% vs. 55.04%, RR=0.70, 95% CI=0.57-0.87). The outcomes were significantly influenced by the quality of the embryos. Excellent embryos yielded live birth rates of 62.14% and 53.61% for D5 and D6 biopsies, respectively, while good embryos demonstrated live birth rates of 45.18% (D5) and 32.21% (D6). For fair embryos, the live birth rates were 28.64% (D5) and 19.32% (D6). The outcome difference was statistically significant across embryo quality categories (p<0.05). The adjusted risk ratios of clinical outcomes indicated that excellent euploid Day 5 embryos consistently outperformed other types of embryos. Conclusions: Our study supports that the biopsy day and embryo quality are crucial factors in determining the success of single euploid blastocyst transfers. Excellent euploid Day 5 transfers yielded superior outcomes, providing valuable insights for clinicians and patients when selecting embryos for transfer in IVF cycles.
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Cornelisse, Simone, Liliana Ramos, Brigitte Arends, Janneke J. Brink-van der Vlugt, Jan Peter de Bruin, Max HJN Curfs, Josien Derhaag, et al. "Comparing the cumulative live birth rate of cleavage-stage versus blastocyst-stage embryo transfers between IVF cycles: a study protocol for a multicentre randomised controlled superiority trial (the ToF trial)." BMJ Open 11, no. 1 (January 2021): e042395. http://dx.doi.org/10.1136/bmjopen-2020-042395.
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IntroductionIn vitro fertilisation (IVF) has evolved as an intervention of choice to help couples with infertility to conceive. In the last decade, a strategy change in the day of embryo transfer has been developed. Many IVF centres choose nowadays to transfer at later stages of embryo development, for example, transferring embryos at blastocyst stage instead of cleavage stage. However, it still is not known which embryo transfer policy in IVF is more efficient in terms of cumulative live birth rate (cLBR), following a fresh and the subsequent frozen–thawed transfers after one oocyte retrieval. Furthermore, studies reporting on obstetric and neonatal outcomes from both transfer policies are limited.Methods and analysisWe have set up a multicentre randomised superiority trial in the Netherlands, named the Three or Fivetrial. We plan to include 1200 women with an indication for IVF with at least four embryos available on day 2 after the oocyte retrieval. Women are randomly allocated to either (1) control group: embryo transfer on day 3 and cryopreservation of supernumerary good-quality embryos on day 3 or 4, or (2) intervention group: embryo transfer on day 5 and cryopreservation of supernumerary good-quality embryos on day 5 or 6. The primary outcome is the cLBR per oocyte retrieval. Secondary outcomes include LBR following fresh transfer, multiple pregnancy rate and time until pregnancy leading a live birth. We will also assess the obstetric and neonatal outcomes, costs and patients’ treatment burden.Ethics and disseminationThe study protocol has been approved by the Central Committee on Research involving Human Subjects in the Netherlands in June 2018 (CCMO NL 64060.000.18). The results of this trial will be submitted for publication in international peer-reviewed and in open access journals.Trial registration numberNetherlands Trial Register (NL 6857).
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Chmel, Roman, Marta Nováčková, Miloš Čekal, Jan Matěcha, and Zlatko Pastor. "Early initiation of embryo transfers after uterus transplantation to shorten the administration of immunosuppressive therapy." Česká gynekologie 87, no. 5 (October 24, 2022): 346–49. http://dx.doi.org/10.48095/cccg2022346.
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Uterus transplantation seems to be a promising method for the causal treatment of absolute uterine factor infertility in women with an absent or non-functional uterus. Since uterus transplantation is still experimental in nature, there are no strict guidelines regarding each step of this comprehensive treatment method. Prior to uterus transplantation, ovarian stimulation and in vitro fertilization are performed on the potential uterus recipient, and the obtained embryos are cryopreserved and stored for the transfers after transplantation when only non-fetotoxic maintenance immunosuppressants are administered. In the first human uterus transplantation study, the start of embryo transfers was set at 12 months after transplantation. Due to the growing experience, especially with early rejections after transplantation and the course of pregnancy, several ongoing studies have experimentally shortened the uterus transplant-to-embryo transfer interval to 6 months. Shortening the total time of immunosuppression administration after uterus transplantation is the main reason for early initiation of embryo transfers after transplantation. However, the safety of an interval of less than one year between uterine transplantation and the first post-transplant embryo transfer should be further studied. Key words: absolute uterine factor infertility – embryo transfer – in vitro fertilization – uterus transplantation
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Braga, Daniela Paes de Almeida Ferreira, Amanda S. Setti, Rita de Cássia S. Figueira, Assumpto Iaconelli, and Edson Borges. "The impact of the embryo quality on the risk of multiple pregnancies." Zygote 23, no. 5 (July 25, 2014): 662–68. http://dx.doi.org/10.1017/s096719941400032x.
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SummaryThe aim of the present study was to determine the chance of pregnancy and the risk of multiple pregnancies taking into account the number and quality of transferred embryos in patients >36 years old or ≤36 years old. For this study, 1497 patients undergoing intra-cytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) cycles in a private assisted reproduction centre were split into groups according to the number and quality of the transferred embryos on the third or fifth day of development. The pregnancy rate and multiple pregnancy rate were compared between the embryo quality groups in patients <36 years old or ≥36 years old. In patients <36 years old, for the day 3 embryo transfer, no significant difference was noted in the pregnancy rate when the groups were compared. However the multiple pregnancy rate was increased by the transfer of an extra low-quality embryo (17.1 versus 28.2%, P = 0.020). For day 5 embryo transfer, the transfer of an extra blastocyst significantly increased the pregnancy rate (36.0 versus 42.4%, P < 0.001) and the multiple pregnancy rate (4.4 versus 16.9%, P < 0.001). In older patients, no significant difference was noted in the pregnancy rate when the groups were compared. However, when an extra low-quality embryo was transferred, a significantly increased rate of multiple pregnancies was observed for day 3 (18.2 versus 26.4%, P = 0.049) and day 5 embryo transfers (5.2 versus 16.1%, P < 0.001). In conclusion, the transfer of an extra low-quality embryo may increase the risk of a multiple pregnancy. In younger patients, the transfer of an extra low-quality blastocyst may also increase the chance of pregnancy.
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Reljič, Milan, and Vida Gavrić Lovrec. "Predictive factors for live birth in autologous in vitro fertilization cycles in women aged 40 years and older." Slovenian Journal of Public Health 58, no. 4 (October 1, 2019): 173–78. http://dx.doi.org/10.2478/sjph-2019-0022.
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Abstract Background The aim of the study was to determine predictive factors for live birth after in vitro fertilization with autologous oocytes in women ≥40 years of age. Methods Authors conducted a retrospective analysis of in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection (IVF/ICSI) cycles performed at the Department of Reproductive Medicine and Gynecologic Endocrinology, University Medical Centre Maribor, Slovenia between January 2006 and December 2015 in women aged 40 or more. The characteristics of patients and cycles were compared regarding live birth as the final outcome. Results A total of 1920 IVF/ICSI cycles with egg retrieval in women ≥40 years of age were performed leading to 1591 embryo transfers. The live birth rate per embryo transfer was 17.3% at 40, 11.6% at 41, 8.2% at 42, 7.9% at 43, 1.9% at 44 and 0.0% at ≥45 years of age. The multivariate logistic regression model showed that besides women’s age (OR 0.66, 95% CI: 0.55–0.78), the number of previous cycles (OR 0.88, 95% CI: 0.82–0.95), number of good quality embryos on day 2 (OR 1.19, 95% CI: 1.05-1.36), number of embryos transferred (OR 1.57, 95% CI: 1.19–2.07) and day 5 embryo transfer (OR 2.21, 95% CI: 1.37–3.55) were also independent prognostic factors for live birth. Conclusions The chance of in vitro fertilization success in women ≥40 years of age should not be estimated only on the woman’s age, but also on other predictive factors: number of previous cycles, number of good quality embryos on day 2, number of transferred embryos and blastocyst embry transfer.
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Traub, Ariana M., Lisa M. Shandley, Sheree L. Boulet, Heather S. Hipp, and Jennifer Fay Kawwass. "U.S. Gestational Carrier Embryo Transfer Trends, 2014–2020 [ID 2683526]." Obstetrics & Gynecology 143, no. 5S (May 2024): 28S. http://dx.doi.org/10.1097/01.aog.0001013232.75289.ba.
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INTRODUCTION: Multiple embryo transfers (METs) are common among gestational carriers (GCs) despite increased obstetric risks of multiple gestations and strong recommendations from American Society for Reproductive Medicine (ASRM) for single-embryo transfers. This study assessed GC embryo transfer trends from 2014–2020 to evaluate compliance with national guidelines. METHODS: This retrospective, population-based cohort study used data from the Society for Assisted Reproductive Technology Clinic Outcomes Reporting System. All cycles from 2014 to 2020 involving an embryo transfer to a GC were analyzed. The number of GC embryo transfers, use of preimplantation genetic testing (PGT), and outcome (singleton versus multiple gestation) were assessed. Poisson and linear regression models evaluated trends in number and proportion of cycles over time. Institutional review board approval was obtained. RESULTS: Of the 40,177 GC transfer cycles from 2014 to 2020, 11,081 (27.6%) involved transfer of two or more embryos. Both the number (n=2,001 in 2014; n=814 in 2020) and proportion of METs (56.6% of all transfers in 2014; 11.8% in 2020) (P<.05 for both) decreased. The use of PGT among MET GC cycles increased from 23.9% in 2014 to 61.4% in 2020. Among live births, there was a 71.0% reduction in the proportion of multiple gestations from 2014 (25.5%) to 2020 (7.4%) (P<.05). Among double-embryo transfers, the majority were performed at the blastocyst stage with an increase from 2014 (76.7%) to 2020 (88.1%) (P<.05). CONCLUSION: With increased use of PGT and extended blastocyst culture, MET and subsequent multiple gestation pregnancies have decreased amongst U.S. GCs. These trends suggest increased compliance with ASRM national guidelines.
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Taniyama, A., Y. Watanabe, Y. Nisino, and T. Inoue. "205 INCREASED PREGNANCY RATES OF POOR QUALITY BOVINE EMBRYOS BY ASSISTED HATCHING." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 19, no. 1 (2007): 219. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv19n1ab205.
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Embryo transfer after superovulation is commonly used for efficient embryo and animal production and for genetic improvement in cattle. However, the quality of collected embryos varies greatly, which affects pregnancy rate. Usually, poor quality embryos are related to low pregnancy rates after embryo transfer and low viability after cryopreservation. Therefore, it is important to improve chances for survival of poor quality embryos after embryo transfer. The objective of this experiment was to improve pregnancy rates by applying the assisted hatching technique to poor quality embryos. Embryos were collected from Japanese Black cows after superovulation on Day 7 post-insemination. After being washed, embryos were morphologically classified. Embryos having more than 30% degenerated cells were assigned as poor quality embryos. The assisted hatching of embryos (cutting the zona pellucida) was performed under a stereoscope or an inverted microscope by making a cutting slit on the zona pellucida for about 20% of its circumference using a micromanipulator equipped with a cutting needle and holding pipette. After cutting, single or two embryos were transferred fresh to one uterine horn of recipient cows on Day 7 of the estrous cycle. Pregnancy and calf production rates were compared between 2 embryo transfer groups composed of fresh zona-cut embryos (ZC group) or fresh embryos with non-cut zonae pellucidae (NZC group). Pregnancy rates were determined by rectal palpation on Day 45, and calf production rates were calculated by the following formula: number of calves born/number of pregnancies. Statistical analysis was carried out using the chi-square test. Pregnancy rates of poor quality embryos in the double ET ZC group (60.3%; 44 pregnancies/73 transfers) were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than those in the single ET NZC group (25.0%; 6 pregnancies/24 transfers) and in the single ET ZC group (44.0%; 37 pregnancies/84 transfers). Calf production rates were 67.3%, 45.5%, and 35.6% for the double ET ZC group, the double ET NZC group, and the single ET ZC group, respectively. Pregnancy rates of poor quality bovine embryos after double ET were remarkably improved by assisted hatching compared with those of single ET with non-assisted hatching. These results suggest that the combined methods of assisted hatching and double ET may be beneficial to produce calves from poor quality embryos.
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Vivanco-Mackie, H. W., M. D. P. Salazar, M. Miguel-Gonzales, C. R. Youngs, and M. Asparrin. "87 Effect of Treatment with Nonsteroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs) on Pregnancy Rates of Recipient Alpacas Post-Embryo Transfer." Reproduction, Fertility and Development 30, no. 1 (2018): 183. http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/rdv30n1ab87.
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The aim of the study was to improve the pregnancy rate in recipient alpacas using nonsteroidal anti-inflammatpry druds (NSAIDs) at time of embryo transfer. Because most NSAIDs are non-selective inhibitors of cyclooxygenases, which are the rate-limiting enzymes in the formation of prostaglandins, such treatment could temporarily block the production of prositaglandin F2α (PGF2α) and hence maintain corpus luetum (CL) activity long enough to support embryo development and pregnancy. The experiment was carried out in the Peruvian southern highlands (4,100 m elevation). Thirty-one adult alpaca donors were subjected to superovulation and embryo flushing as described previously (Vivanco-Mackie 2013 Proc. 29th Annu. Mtg. AETE, Istanbul, pp. 43-74; http://www.aete.eu/index.php/publications-aete/proceedings/2013/file). From the collected embryos, 20 grade A embryos were selected and transferred fresh into the recipients of the 2 experimental groups. All embryos were collected and transferred at 6.5 days post-mating of the donors with one embryo transferred per recipient. Recipient alpacas (n = 20) were synchronized and induced to ovulate after a selection made by ultrasonography, selecting as recipients the alpacas with follicles >8 mm and then exposing them to vasectomized males followed by IM injection of gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH, 0.0084 mg of acetate of buserelin). Embryo transfers were made by laparoscopically aided laparotomy 6.5 days after ovulation induction as this method has been demonstrated to be more effective in previous trials compared with transcervical non-surgical transfers. At the time of embryo transfer, the recipients were randomly assigned to 1 of the 2 treatments according to the NSAID injected immediately after embryo transfer: Treatment 1 (10 alpacas) was an IM injection of meloxicam at 0.5 mg/kg of body weight; treatment 2 (10 alpacas) was an IM injection of tolfenamic acid at 3 mg/kg of body weight. At the pregnancy test by ultrasound scanning on Day 58 post-transfer, 30% (3/10) of the recipients had a live fetus in treatment 1, whereas treatment 2 had only 10% (1/10).The difference was not significant (P > 0.05) based on Chi-squared analysis. Th historical pregnancy rate obtained with fresh embryos transferred using the same technique and on the same farm where the comparison between NSAIDs was performed was 28.6% at 58 days post-transfer (Vivanco-Mackie et al. 2015 Reprod. Fertil. Dev. 27, 173 abst). Results suggest that there is no difference between tolfenamic acid and meloxicam in their effect on pregnancy rates in alpacas receiving fresh embryo transfers. Compared with historical data of nontreated recipients, results of the present experiment may indicate that the use of NSAIDs at the time of embryo transfer does not improve pregnancy rates in alpaca fresh embryo recipients. However, additional research studies with greater numbers of recipients and an untreated control group are necessary to confirm the preliminary results of the present study. The study was funded by the ‘INNOVATE PERU’ program of the Peruvian Government.
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Palshetkar, Rohan, Mayuri More, Nandita Palshetkar, Hrishikesh Pai, Rishma Pai, and Arnav Pai. "Comparison between sequential transfer vs. day 3 and day 5 frozen embryo transfer in IVF patients." International Journal of Reproduction, Contraception, Obstetrics and Gynecology 12, no. 12 (November 28, 2023): 3583–87. http://dx.doi.org/10.18203/2320-1770.ijrcog20233638.
Full textAbstract:
Background: Sequential embryo transfer is when both cleavage-stage embryo is transferred on day 3 and blastocyst is transferred on day 5, sequentially in the same cycle. This has been suggested for increasing embryo implantation rate. Sequential transfer gives benefit of both day 3 as well as day 5 transfer in the same cycle, giving better outcome in patients suffering infertility. This study compares the implantation rates in sequential transfer vs Day 3 and day 5 transfers. Methods: This multi-centric study is a retrospective study conducted over a period of one year at D. Y. Patil Fertility Centre, Navi Mumbai. Total of 432 transfers were conducted in patients, out of which 262 were Day 3 or cleavage stage embryo transfer, 109 were Day 5 or blastocyst embryo transfer and 61 were sequential embryo transfer. Results: Day 3 transfer group had the clinical pregnancy rate of 52.67%, whereas day 5 transfer group had 60.55% of clinical pregnancy positive cases. Sequential embryo transfer had implantation rate of 60.66%, which was slightly higher than day 5 (60.55%) and day 3 (52.67%) implantation rates. Conclusions: Sequential transfer has marginally increased rate of implantation and clinical pregnancy when compared to day 5 and day 3 transfers.